title: In vivo time-lapse imaging of neuronal development in Xenopus.
abstract: In vivo fluorescence imaging of cells in the developing nervous system is greatly facilitated in specimens in which cells are brightly but sparsely labeled. In this article, we describe a number of techniques that can be used for delivering fluorophore to neurons in the albino Xenopus laevis tadpole. Fluorescent dye or DNA that encodes a fluorescent protein can be delivered to single cells by electroporation. Alternatively, multiple cells can be labeled with fluorescent dye introduced by local iontophoresis or with plasmid DNA introduced by bulk electroporation. Technical considerations and analysis methods for time-lapse imaging in living tissue are also discussed.
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ruthazer
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schohl
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Hollis T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Cline
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins