title: Influence of endurance training and marathon running on red cell deformability in HIV patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation assessed whether endurance training altered the red cell deformability (RCD) of male HIV patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight subjects (38 ± 9 years, BMI 23 ± 3.6 kg/m², highly active antiretroviral therapy) trained for a marathon run for the duration of one year. Each subject underwent an acute exercise test on a treadmill at the beginning of this study (baseline) and after four months of training. Blood samples were taken at rest (T0) and at the end (T1) of each exercise test, as well as before (T0) and after the marathon run (T1). RCD was measured using the Laser Assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer (LORCA), the maximal elongation index (EImax) and shear stress at half maximal deformation (SS ½ were determined using the Lineweaver Burke model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes were observed in RCD and SS ½ between T0 and T1 in all measurements. EImax significantly increased between T0 baseline and T0 after four months of training (P < 0.05). Measurements prior to the marathon run revealed significantly decreased EImax and SS ½ values (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intensity of training in pathophysiological diseases like HIV is dependent for the alterations in RCD and possible improvements in microcirculation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Basit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glufke
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grau
authors.affiliation: Institute for Training Optimization in Sports and Health, iQ Athletik, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandig
authors.affiliation: Immunolgical Ambulance, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rockstroh
authors.affiliation: Immunolgical Ambulance, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Immunolgical Ambulance, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wasmuth
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brixius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012420:Running
keywords: HIV; Red cell deformability; cluster of differentiation 4; endurance training; marathon run; shear stress at half maximal deformation