title: Impact of personal and environmental factors on employment outcome two years after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe employment outcomes and assess the impact of personal and environmental factors on employment outcomes 2 years after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of 100 patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury, aged 16-55 years, hospitalized in a Trauma Referral Centre during the period 2005-2007 and followed up at 1 and 2 years post-injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variables of interest were divided into personal and environmental factors. Personal factors include socio-demographics (age, gender, education, work demands, marital status and child-care). Environmental factors included social (support by friends), institutional (number of rehabilitation services, need for well-coordinated healthcare services), and physical (access to own transportation) factors. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with employment (working part-/full-time or studying) at 2-year follow-up as the dependent variable, and including independent variables based on significance from a univariate analysis, adjusting for injury severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 2-year follow-up, 44% of patients were employed. Patients with less severe injuries (odds ratio (OR) = 1.2, p = 0.03), those supported by friends (OR = 3.5, p = 0.07), those not in need of well-coordinated health services (OR = 4.1, p = 0.04), and patients driving a vehicle at the 1-year follow-up (OR = 8.4, p < 0.001) were more likely to be employed at the 2-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of the role of environmental factors when planning vocational rehabilitation services after traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. mvforslund@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marit V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Forslund
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arango-Lasprilla
authors.forename: Solrun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sigurdardottir
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andelic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult