title: Effect of photofunctionalization on fluoride-treated nanofeatured titanium.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet light treatment, known as photofunctionalization, on the biological and osseointegration capability of nanofeatured titanium created by a combination of sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid treatment. Titanium samples in disk and cylinder forms were photofunctionalized by treatment with ultraviolet light for 15 min. The nanofeatured surface was converted from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic after photofunctionalization. The strength of osseointegration measured by a biomechanical push-in test in a rat model was stronger for photofunctionalized implants than for untreated implants by 2.2 and 2.3 times, respectively, at the early (week 2) and late (week 4) stages of healing, implying that photofunctionalization did not only accelerate but also increased the degree of osseointegration. Culture studies using bone marrow-derived osteoblasts showed that the attachment, spread, and functional phenotypes of osteogenic cells, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization, were remarkably increased on photofunctionalized titanium. In conclusion, photofunctionalization substantially increased biological and osseointegration capability of a nanofeatured titanium surface. In light with proven effectiveness on microfeatured surfaces in the literature, photofunctionalization may provide a novel and practical avenue to further improve osseointegration capability of implants in a wide range of surface morphology with micro-to-nano features.
authors.affiliation: 1Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences (LBIS), The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015921:Dental Implants; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Bone-implant integration; biological aging; dental implants; hydrophilic; super osseointegration; ultraviolet light