title: Systemic increase in human maternal circulating CD14+CD16- MCP-1+ monocytes as a marker of labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of pregnancy and labor on the proportion and level of activation of monocyte subpopulations in human pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood samples were obtained from healthy nonpregnant women (n = 6); women in the third-trimester of healthy pregnancies (n = 18) and women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (n = 46), just before delivery for the last 2 groups. Monocyte subpopulations were characterized by flow cytometry using CD14, CD16, and activation level using macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and CCR2 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative proportion of each monocyte subset in nonpregnant women was similar to that in women with healthy or complicated pregnancies. However, pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease in MCP-1 expressing monocytes (79.5% ± 19.8% vs 9.3% ± 6.8% and 11.9% ± 8.3% for nonpregnant, healthy pregnancy, and preterm premature rupture of membranes (respectively, P < .05). Spontaneous labor was associated with a return to nonpregnant values for the proportion of MCP-1 expressing monocytes in both normal (74.4% ± 16.9) and preterm premature rupture of membranes pregnancy (68.4% ± 35.6), irrespective of the mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section). This was not observed in women who delivered without spontaneous labor onset. CCR-2 (MCP-1 receptor) expression was not modified in monocytes at the time of labor, but was significantly increased in granulocytes (3646 ± 1080 vs 7338 ± 2718 for nonlaboring and laboring preterm premature rupture of membranes, respectively, P < .05) CONCLUSION: In light of previous reports of a role for MCP-1 in labor, our results suggest the downregulation of activation levels of monocytes, via MCP-1 expression might be involved in maternofetal immune tolerance. Monocyte reactivation might be associated with labor.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 803 (INSERM CIC-P 803), Dijon, France; Center for Lipid Research, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Dijon, France; CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bardou
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 803 (INSERM CIC-P 803), Dijon, France; Center for Lipid Research, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Dijon, France; CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadi
authors.affiliation: Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesant
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 803 (INSERM CIC-P 803), Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Debermont
authors.affiliation: Center for Lipid Research, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Dijon, France; CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrichon
authors.affiliation: Center for Lipid Research, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Dijon, France; CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Maeva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendremaire
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sagot
authors.affiliation: Center for Lipid Research, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Dijon, France; CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lirussi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000097:blood*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000097:blood*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D017452:Receptors, IgG
keywords: human pregnancy; monocytes; preterm labor; preterm rupture of membrane; prospective study