title: Spatial pattern of long-distance symplasmic transport and communication in trees.
abstract: Symplasmic short- and long-distance communication may be regulated at different levels of plant body organization. It depends on cell-to-cell transport modulated by plasmodesmata conductivity and frequency but above all on morphogenetic fields that integrate a plant at the supracellular level. Their control of physiological and developmental processes is especially important in trees, where the continuum consists of 3-dimensional systems of: 1) stem cells in cambium, and 2) living parenchyma cells in the secondary conductive tissues. We found that long-distance symplasmic transport in trees is spatially regulated. Uneven distribution of fluorescent tracer in cambial cells along the branches examined illustrates an unknown intrinsic phenomenon that can possibly be important for plant organism integration. Here we illustrate the spatial dynamics of symplasmic transport in cambium, test and exclude the role of callose in its regulation, and discuss the mechanism that could possibly be responsible for the maintenance of this spatial pattern.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Biology; Department of Plant Developmental Biology; Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Wrocław; Kanonia, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sokołowska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Biology; Department of Plant Developmental Biology; Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Wrocław; Kanonia, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Alicja Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brysz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Biology; Department of Plant Developmental Biology; Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Wrocław; Kanonia, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zagórska-Marek
mesh_terms: D031002:Acer / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D058506:Cambium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014197:Trees / Q000378:metabolism*; D052584:Xylem / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D005936:Glucans; C024098:6-carboxyfluorescein; C048306:callose
keywords: Acer pseudoplatanus; Populus tremulax tremuloides; callose; cambium; plasmodesmata; rays; spatial patterns; symplasmic transport; xylem parenchyma cells