title: Bayesian reconstruction of multiscale local contrast images from brain activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques make it possible to reconstruct contrast-defined visual images from brain activity. In this manner, the stimulus images are represented as the weighted sum of a set of element images with different scales. The contrast weight of local images were decoded using fMRI activity recorded when the subject was viewing the stimulus images. Multivariate methods, such as the sparse multinomial logistic regression model (SMLR), have been proven effective for learning the mapping between fMRI patterns of primary visual cortex voxels and contrast of stimulus images. However, the SMLR method is highly time-consuming in practical application.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Naive Bayesian classifier based on independent component analysis (NB-ICA) is proposed to efficiently decode the contrast of multi-scale local images. First, temporal independent components of fMRI data which were treated as new features for NB classifier were acquired by ICA decomposition. Second, the contrast for each local element image was computed based on NB estimation theory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NB-ICA method can be used to reconstruct novel visual images. The average spatial correlation between the represented and reconstructed images was 0.41 ± 0.13 (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the expense of reconstruction accuracy, NB-ICA is more efficient than SMLR which reduces the computation time from hours to seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new method, termed NB-ICA, is proposed and can efficiently reconstruct contrast-defined visual images from fMRI data. This study provides theoretical support for brain-computer interface research and also provides ideas for the study of real-time fMRI data.
authors.affiliation: School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Sutao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xinyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jiacai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
keywords: ICA; Image reconstruction; Multi-scale local image decoder; Naive Bayesian; fMRI