title: Characterization of aroma-active compounds in dry flower of Malva sylvestris L. by GC-MS-O analysis and OAV calculations.
abstract: In this study, the aroma-active compounds in the dried flower of Malva sylvestris L. were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA). A light yellow oil with a sweet odor was obtained with a percentage yield of 0.039% (w/w), and 143 volatile compounds (89.86%) were identified by GC-MS. The main compounds were hexadecanoic acid (10.1%), pentacosane (4.8%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (4.1%). The essential oil consisted mainly of hydrocarbons (25.40%) followed by, alcohols (18.78%), acids (16.66%), ethers (5.01%) ketones (7.28%), esters(12.43%), aldehydes (2.30%) and others (2.00%). Of these compounds, 20 were determined by GC-O and AEDA, to be odor-active (FD (flavor dilution) factor ≥ 1). β-Damascenone (FD = 9, sweet), phenylacetaldehyde (FD = 8, floral, honey-like) and (E)-β-ocimene (FD = 8, spicy) were the most intense aroma-active compounds in M. sylvestris. In order to determine the relative contribution of each of the compounds to the aroma of M. sylvestris, odor activity values (OAVs) were used. β-Damascenone had the highest odor activity values (OAV) (50,700), followed by (E)-β-ionone (15,444) and decanal (3,510). In particular, β-damascenone had a high FD factors, and therefore, this compound was considered to be the main aroma-active components of the essential oil. On the basis of AEDA, OAVs, and sensory evaluation results, β-damascenone is estimated to be the main aroma-active compound of the essential oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Yusei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marumoto
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D028501:Malva / Q000737:chemistry*; D045792:Norisoprenoids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D064367:Olfactometry / Q000379:methods*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D045792:Norisoprenoids; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; C008157:beta-ionone; D000079:Acetaldehyde; C075388:beta-damascenone; C013192:phenylacetaldehyde