title: Graphics processing unit accelerated one-dimensional blood flow computation in the human arterial tree.
abstract: One-dimensional blood flow models have been used extensively for computing pressure and flow waveforms in the human arterial circulation. We propose an improved numerical implementation based on a graphics processing unit (GPU) for the acceleration of the execution time of one-dimensional model. A novel parallel hybrid CPU-GPU algorithm with compact copy operations (PHCGCC) and a parallel GPU only (PGO) algorithm are developed, which are compared against previously introduced PHCG versions, a single-threaded CPU only algorithm and a multi-threaded CPU only algorithm. Different second-order numerical schemes (Lax-Wendroff and Taylor series) are evaluated for the numerical solution of one-dimensional model, and the computational setups include physiologically motivated non-periodic (Windkessel) and periodic boundary conditions (BC) (structured tree) and elastic and viscoelastic wall laws. Both the PHCGCC and the PGO implementations improved the execution time significantly. The speed-up values over the single-threaded CPU only implementation range from 5.26 to 8.10 × , whereas the speed-up values over the multi-threaded CPU only implementation range from 1.84 to 4.02 × . The PHCGCC algorithm performs best for an elastic wall law with non-periodic BC and for viscoelastic wall laws, whereas the PGO algorithm performs best for an elastic wall law with periodic BC.
authors.affiliation: Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Politehnicii nr. 1, Brasov 500024, Romania; Siemens Corporate Technology, Siemens Corporation, Bulevardul Eroilor Nr. 3A, Brasov 500007, Romania.
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Itu
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamen
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suciu
authors.forename: Dorin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Comaniciu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014783:Viscosity
keywords: GPU; Windkessel; one-dimensional modeling; speed-up; structured tree; viscoelasticity