title: Gender based differences in management and outcomes of cholecystitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the reproductive years, women have a 4-fold higher prevalence of gallstones than men, making gallbladder disease a critically important topic in women's health. Among age-matched women and men hospitalized for cholecystitis, gender based differences in demographics, management, and economic and clinical outcomes were identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Outcomes were mortality, complications, length of stay, and cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women accounted for 65% of admissions for cholecystitis, with women more likely to have shorter time to surgery (1.6 vs. 1.9 days) and laparoscopy (86 vs. 76%) (P < .05). After cholecystectomy, women had lower mortality (.6% vs. 1.1%), fewer complications (16.9 vs. 24.1), shorter lengths of stay (4.2 vs. 5.4 days), and lower costs ($10,556 vs. $13,201) (P < .05). On multivariate analysis of age-matched patients, women had lower odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], .75), complications (OR, .86), length of stay (OR, .95), and cost (OR, .93). Longer time to surgery and open cholecystectomy were independent predictors of worse outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cholecystitis and cholecystectomy, women have better clinical and economic outcomes then age-matched men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: Arshish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dua
authors.forename: Sapan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Sreyreath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuy
authors.forename: Rishika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jechow
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMaster
authors.forename: Bhavin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Sreyram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuy
mesh_terms: D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D061665:Time-to-Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Biliary disease; Cholecystectomy; Gender; Outcomes