title: Effect of incorporating BisGMA resin on the bonding properties of silane and zirconia primers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some silane primers and some zirconia primers contain extra resins such as bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA) in their formulations for better wetting. No studies exist on the bonding properties of zirconia and silane primers, which contain extra resins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporating BisGMA resin on the bonding properties of silane and zirconia primers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Silica-base lithium disilicate was etched and treated with BisGMA-incorporated Porcelain Primer, unmodified Porcelain Primer, or resin-containing Kerr Silane. Zirconia ceramic was airborne-particle abraded and treated with BisGMA-incorporated Monobond Plus, unmodified Monobond Plus, or BisGMA-containing ZPrime Plus. After primer treatment and cleaning with ethanol, the contact angles were measured to determine surface change (n=10). Shear bond strength tests were also performed to measure the adhesion strength between resin cements and ceramic surfaces (n=10). Data were statistically analyzed by 1-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey multiple comparison as a post hoc test (significance level .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incorporation of BisGMA resin did not significantly influence the bond strength or contact angle of the zirconia primer (P>.05), but it did significantly reduce those of the silane primer (P<.05). Resin-containing Kerr Silane (22 degrees, 23 MPa) had a similar contact angle and higher bond strength than the control (21 degrees, 18 MPa), but lower than Porcelain Primer (88 degrees, 34 MPa). Resin-containing ZPrime Plus (75 degrees, 29 MPa) had a similar contact angle and higher bond strength than both Monobond Plus (74 degrees, 18 MPa) and the control (15 degrees, 4 MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of BisGMA resin significantly inhibited the efficacy of silane-containing porcelain primers but did not affect that of phosphate-containing zirconia primers.
authors.affiliation: Chief Scientist, Department of Research and Development, Bisco, Schaumburg, Ill. Electronic address: lchenchem@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Byoung In
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C431350:Duo-Link; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C493120:lithia disilicate; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C017492:methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; C028541:zirconium oxide