title: [Clinical studies in developing countries].
abstract: In general, clinical trials in developing countries are met with resistance because the people are particularly vulnerable and medical assistance is often unaffordable. The prospect of free medication can then lead to exploitation since the local population can be persuaded to participate in trials that would never be allowed in Western countries due to ethical concerns. Placebo-controlled research that tests cheaper alternatives for treatments already registered could greatly improve the situation in developing countries, however. Expensive registered treatments are often unavailable in these countries. Therefore, I call for allowing such studies when the registered treatment is locally unavailable. This should be based on the four most important principles of medical ethics: the duty to help patients, avoid harm, justice and respect for autonomy. On the condition, however, that the population in developing countries benefits in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Levenswetenschappen, Utrecht, the Netherlands. hanna.vandenmunkhof@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hanna E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: van den Munkhof
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards*; D003906:Developing Countries; D026724:Ethical Review; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D036302:Therapeutic Human Experimentation