title: Effects of a high fat meal matrix and protein complexation on the bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins using the TNO gastrointestinal model (TIM-1).
abstract: The TNO intestinal model (TIM-1) of the human upper gastrointestinal tract was used to compare intestinal absorption/bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins under different digestive conditions. Blueberry polyphenol-rich extract was delivered to TIM-1 in the absence or presence of a high-fat meal. HPLC analysis of seventeen anthocyanins showed that delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-arabinoside and petunidin-3-arabinoside were twice as bioaccessible in fed state, whilst delphinidin-3-(6″-acetoyl)-glucoside and malvidin-3-arabinoside were twice as bioaccessible under fasted conditions, suggesting lipid-rich matrices selectively effect anthocyanin bioaccessibility. TIM-1 was fed blueberry juice (BBJ) or blueberry polyphenol-enriched defatted soybean flour (BB-DSF) containing equivalent amounts of free or DSF-sorbed anthocyanins, respectively. Anthocyanin bioaccessibility from BB-DSF (36.0±10.4) was numerically, but not significantly, greater than that from BBJ (26.3±10.3). Ileal efflux samples collected after digestion of BB-DSF contained 2.8-fold more anthocyanins than same from BBJ, suggesting that protein-rich DSF protects anthocyanins during transit through upper digestive tract for subsequent colonic delivery/metabolism.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. ribnicky@aesop.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ribnicky
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Roopchand
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulev
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lila
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havenaar
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raskin
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008954:Models, Biological; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D030262:Soybean Proteins
keywords: ACN; Anthocyanins; BA; Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability; Blueberry; DSF; Gastrointestinal model; Nutrition; Soybean flour; TIM-1; TNO gastrointestinal model; anthocyanin; bioaccessibility; defatted soybean flour