title: Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in male smokers and nonsmokers.
abstract: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the development of oral mucosal lesions such as leukoplakia and hairy tongue. Controversy exists in the literature, however, about the prevalence of oral lesions in smokers. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in male smokers compared with nonsmokers in Hamadan. A total of 516 male participants were assessed, 258 of whom were smokers and 258 of whom were healthy nonsmokers. The prevalence of lesions was evaluated by clinical observation and biopsy. We found that the most prevalent lesions among smokers were gingival problems and coated tongue; smokers had significantly more lesions than did nonsmokers. Malignant and premalignant lesions were found in a higher age range. Among all participants in our study, we found a large number of oral mucosal lesions in smokers that had a strong correlation with smoking. Dental services need to implement care and health education for smokers to promote health.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmadi-Motamayel
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falsafi
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hayati
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poorolajal
keywords: Mouth; Prevalence; Smoking