title: A dried yeast fermentate selectively modulates both the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota and protects against inflammation, as studied in an integrated in vitro approach.
abstract: EpiCor, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to have immunomodulating properties in human clinical trials and in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms behind its immune protection via the gut remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use an integrated in vitro approach to evaluate the metabolism of EpiCor by the intestinal microflora, its modulating effect on the gut microbiota, and its anti-inflammatory activity on human-derived cell lines. Using the SHIME model, in combination with a mucus adhesion assay, has shown that low doses of EpiCor have a prebiotic-like modulatory effect on the luminal- and mucosa-associated microbiota. These include gradual changes in general community structure, reduction of potential pathogens, quantitative increase in lactobacilli, and qualitative modulation of bifidobacteria. Moreover, by combination of the SHIME with Caco-2 cells and Caco-2/THP1 cocultures, a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed at the end of the treatment period.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Possemiers
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verhelst
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van den Abbeele
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maignien
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laukens
authors.forename: Stuart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Larry E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raas
authors.forename: Yves-Jacques
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van de Wiele
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzorati
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003013:Clostridium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007777:Lactobacillaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D056692:Prebiotics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D056692:Prebiotics