title: ADAR-mediated RNA editing in non-coding RNA sequences.
abstract: Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most abundant editing event in animals. It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) proteins. Editing of pre-mRNA coding regions can alter the protein codon and increase functional diversity. However, most of the A-to-I editing sites occur in the non-coding regions of pre-mRNA or mRNA and non-coding RNAs. Untranslated regions (UTRs) and introns are located in pre-mRNA non-coding regions, thus A-to-I editing can influence gene expression by nuclear retention, degradation, alternative splicing, and translation regulation. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are related to pre-mRNA splicing, translation, and gene regulation. A-to-I editing could therefore affect the stability, biogenesis, and target recognition of non-coding RNAs. Finally, it may influence the function of non-coding RNAs, resulting in regulation of gene expression. This review focuses on the function of ADAR-mediated RNA editing on mRNA non-coding regions (UTRs and introns) and non-coding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA, and lncRNA).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D017393:RNA Editing; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012322:RNA Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase