title: A prospective controlled evaluation of Class II division 1 malocclusions treated with fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the net dentofacial effects of the fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator (FLMGM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample comprised 38 patients with Class II/1 malocclusion and retrognathic mandible. All were in the pubertal growth spurt. Whereas FLMGM was applied to the treatment group (n=21, mean age=13.2 years), no treatment was performed on the control group (n=17, mean age=12.5 years). Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes were assessed on digital lateral cephalograms obtained at the beginning and end of the treatment/observation period of 8 months. Paired and independent t-tests were used to assess the differences within and between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maxillary growth was not affected by FLMGM treatment, which resulted in a significant overjet reduction of 4.1 mm, an increase in total mandibular length (Co-Gn) of 2.3 mm, chin advancement of 1.6°, and upper incisor retroclination of 4.0°. A reduction of 2.4° in ANB was largely due to an increase of 1.8° in SNB. Favorably, the lower incisors were obviously retroclined by 4.5°. The changes in the vertical skeletal relationships were negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLMGM was effective in treating growing Class II/1 patients and produced favorable dentofacial effects, with the matched untreated sample showing minimal changes. Lower incisor retroclination was a benefit of FLMGM treatment.
authors.affiliation: a  Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Aleppo, Al-Shahbaa, Aleppo, Syria.
authors.forename: Osama H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Alali
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000628:therapy; D014716:Vertical Dimension