title: Anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid peroxidative, antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints. Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) fruit is mentioned in Ayurveda as useful in treating arthritic disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This work was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidative and membrane-stabilizing effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits and also to establish a possible association between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of T. chebula fruit extract at different doses ranged from 50 to 500 mg/kg, p.o. was evaluated against carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. Human erythrocyte hemolytic assay was used for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity testing with 50 to 500 µg/ml fruit extract. Antioxidant potential of test fruit extract (10 to 100 µg/ml) was evaluated using TBARS and DPPH methods. The fruit extract was standardized for total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standardized extract at 250 mg/kg, p.o. dose caused 69.96% reduction in carrageenin-induced rat paw edema and demonstrated 96.72% protective effect on human RBC membrane stability. Besides, T. chebula fruit extract significantly reduced the in vivo formation of TBARS in carrageenin-induced rat liver with IC50 94.96 mg/kg, p.o. and also in vitro radical scavenging activities in DPPH assay method with IC50 42.14 µg/ml. The standardized extract contains phenolics 118.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These promising findings support the traditional use of T. chebula fruits in the treatment of arthritic disorders and suggest that radical quenching may be one of the mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute , Kolkata , India and.
authors.forename: Anwesa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.forename: Subir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: Nishith
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar Pal
authors.forename: Rabi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjan Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005609:Free Radicals; D010851:Picrates; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl