title: Comparative actions of omega-3 fatty acids on in-vitro lipid droplet formation.
abstract: Storage of fat into lipid droplets (LDs) is the key step in adipogenesis. Previously the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) has been shown to suppress LD formation, yet the actions of other n-3PUFA is unknown. Here, we examined the impact of the three major long chain n-3PUFA; EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; C22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) on LD formation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cells were supplemented with 100µM fatty acid during differentiation. All n-3PUFA significantly reduced LD formation and the metabolic disorder marker, SCD1, in comparison to stearic acid (STA; C18:0). This action was more potent for DHA than either EPA or DPA. Furthermore, DHA significantly increased lipolysis and ATGL gene and protein expression but reduced the gene expression of three proteins related to LD formation (Perilipin A, Caveolin-1 and Cidea), compared with other n-3PUFA. Thus, DHA, above EPA and DPA, markedly suppressed fat storage in LDs in in-vitro adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: elizabeth.barber@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cameron-Smith
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D051242:Caveolin 1; C112510:Cidea protein, mouse; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D013229:Stearic Acids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C031183:stearic acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C490333:Scd1 protein, mouse; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; C026219:docosapentaenoic acid
keywords: Adipocyte; Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA); Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); Lipid droplets; Obesity; Stearic acid