title: Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and glycemic control in the Chinese adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 98,658 Chinese adults in 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels were measured after at least a 10-hour overnight fast among all study participants, and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted among participants without a self-reported history of diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria; whereas, a hemoglobin A1c level of <7.0% was considered adequate glycemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 11.6% (95% CI, 11.3%-11.8%) in the Chinese adult population. The prevalence among men was 12.1% (95% CI, 11.7%-12.5%) and among women was 11.0% (95% CI, 10.7%-11.4%). The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes was estimated to be 3.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.6%) in the Chinese population: 3.6% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.8%) in men and 3.4% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.5%) in women. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 8.1% (95% CI, 7.9%-8.3%) in the Chinese population: 8.5% (95% CI, 8.2%-8.8%) in men and 7.7% (95% CI, 7.4%-8.0%) in women. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes was estimated to be 50.1% (95% CI, 49.7%-50.6%) in Chinese adults: 52.1% (95% CI, 51.5%-52.7%) in men and 48.1% (95% CI, 47.6%-48.7%) in women. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in older age groups, in urban residents, and in persons living in economically developed regions. Among patients with diabetes, only 25.8% (95% CI, 24.9%-26.8%) received treatment for diabetes, and only 39.7% (95% CI, 37.6%-41.8%) of those treated had adequate glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The estimated prevalence of diabetes among a representative sample of Chinese adults was 11.6% and the prevalence of prediabetes was 50.1%. Projections based on sample weighting suggest this may represent up to 113.9 million Chinese adults with diabetes and 493.4 million with prediabetes. These findings indicate the importance of diabetes as a public health problem in China.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tiange
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Linhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jieli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yichong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shengquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Chung-Shiuan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jialun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shenghan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human