title: Treatment outcome of Photofrin-based photodynamic therapy for T1 and T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality for early and superficial malignancy or premalignancy in the head and neck regions. However, few studies have examined the use of Photofrin-mediated PDT to manage early carcinoma and dysplasia in the oral cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and November 2008, 25 T1 to T2 patients with N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma and mucosal dysplasia in the oral cavity were treated by Porfimer sodium (Photofrin(®))-mediated PDT at Nagasaki University Hospital. Clinical responses were evaluated according to the guidelines of the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). After the PDT and a 2-year follow-up period, disease specific survival rates were then calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30 regions in 25 patients (18 with squamous cell carcinoma and 7 with epithelial dysplasia with hyperkeratosis in the oral cavity) were treated by PDT. Complete response was achieved in 24 of the 25 patients (96%), with a partial response found in the remaining patient. For the three patients who exhibited recurrence at 4, 5, and 15 months after PDT, salvage surgery or a second PDT was performed. Of these three patients, one died due to another disease, while one died due to local lymphatic metastasis that occurred during the follow-up period. Overall, the disease specific survival rate was 95.8%. Treatment-related edema and pain emerged within 24h after irradiation. Pain control using non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and opiates was required for 3-4 weeks in all patients. Complete healing was attained at 4-6 weeks after the treatment. No persistent problems related to functional or esthetic outcomes were noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan. hisazumi@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisazumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobita
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohba
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Asahina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017323:Dihematoporphyrin Ether
keywords: Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Photofrin; Squamous cell carcinoma dysplasia