title: Analysis of cytokines and chemokines produced by whole blood, peripheral mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells.
abstract: Cytokines are immunomodulating proteins involved in cellular communication. The levels of different cytokines reflect the immune capabilities of a person. In literature both whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used, which might lead to different results. The choice between these different sources is not always explained. The goal of our experiments is to determine the cytokine response of whole blood, PBMCs and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We used a multiplex analysis to determine a difference in cytokine secretion patterns. In general, PBMCs demonstrated the highest cytokine production and PMNs have an overall low cytokine production. CCL11 and interleukin-23 (IL-23) (and IL-12p40) were exclusively expressed in whole blood. IL-20, VEGF and GM-CSF were expressed only by PBMCs. This difference in expression could be explained by the bioactive components in serum, presence and interaction with granulocytes or platelets in whole blood, the anticoagulant heparin in whole blood and others. The expression of cytokines by cells is dependent on the microenvironment. Different conditions lead to different results. We recommend a thorough examination of the conditions before performing experiments.
authors.affiliation: Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.h.vandooren@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Faas H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: van Dooren
authors.forename: Nicolette W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Duijvis
authors.forename: Anje A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: te Velde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000097:blood; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000097:blood; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C515456:CCL11 protein, human; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D053759:Interleukin-23; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C492510:interleukin-20 receptor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: Chemokines; Cytokines; IL; LPS; MDP; PAF; PBMC; PMN; Whole blood; interleukin; lipopolysaccharide; muramyl dipeptide; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; platelet activating factor; polymorphonuclear cell