title: Artificial honeycomb lattices for electrons, atoms and photons.
abstract: Artificial honeycomb lattices offer a tunable platform for studying massless Dirac quasiparticles and their topological and correlated phases. Here we review recent progress in the design and fabrication of such synthetic structures focusing on nanopatterning of two-dimensional electron gases in semiconductors, molecule-by-molecule assembly by scanning probe methods and optical trapping of ultracold atoms in crystals of light. We also discuss photonic crystals with Dirac cone dispersion and topologically protected edge states. We emphasize how the interplay between single-particle band-structure engineering and cooperative effects leads to spectacular manifestations in tunnelling and optical spectroscopies.
authors.affiliation: NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. m.polini@sns.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polini
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guinea
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewenstein
authors.forename: Hari C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pellegrini