title: Comparative assessment of pesticide residues in grain, soil, and water from IPM and non-IPM trials of basmati rice.
abstract: The integrated pest management (IPM) modules of pesticide schedule on Basmati rice were validated at field experiments conducted in Northern India for consecutive 3 years (2005-2008). The pesticide residues were found below the detectable limit (<0.01-0.001 mg/kg) in soil and irrigation water samples of Kaithal region. In Dehra Dun region of Uttrakhand, the residues of carbendazim in rice grains and soil were detected below <0.01 mg/kg level. In second year experiments (2006-2007), only four non-IPM soil samples indicated the presence of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan in the range of ND <0.001 to 0.07 mg/kg, out of 45 samples analyzed. Carbendazim applied as seed treatment at Dehradun and Kaithal field trials was found below detectable limit in both IPM and non-IPM rice grains (<0.01 mg/kg) and irrigation water (0.01 μl/ml). Chlorpyrifos was detected in five water samples from Kaithal and one from Pant Nagar in the range of 0.003-0.006 μl/L, α- and β-isomer of endosulfan in the range of 0.005-0.03, and 0.005-0.02 μl/ml, respectively, in one sample from Pant Nagar and two from Kaithal, out of a total of 22 samples. In the region of Uttrakhand and Uttar Pradesh during 2007-2008, four non-IPM samples of soil indicated trace levels of endosulfan, out of 16 samples analyzed. The residues were detected below detection limit for carbendazim (<0.01 mg/kg) in soil samples of Dehradun IPM fields and for endosulfan and carbendazim (0.001-0.01 μl/L) in water samples each from IPM and non-IPM fields of Uttar Pradesh. The results of 3-year trials of IPM module indicated basmati rice as safe and economical with pesticide residue-free rice grains.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Integrated Pest Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India, sumitraarora@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sumitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Irani
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D004726:Endosulfan