title: Employment participation and work experience of male cancer survivors: a NOCWO study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether employment status and work experiences, assessed in terms of job resources (organizational culture and superiors' and co-workers' support), commitment to organization, work motives, and experiences of discrimination, differ between survivors of prostate or testicular cancer or lymphoma and cancer-free reference subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to 1349 male cancer survivors and 2666 referents in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway. Valid responses were 59% and 45%, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the referents, survivors of lymphoma and prostate cancer were less likely to be employed (OR=0.53; CI: 0.30-0.95 and OR=0.50; CI: 0.35-0.73, respectively), but decreased employment was not evident among testicular cancer survivors. Testicular cancer survivors experienced less discrimination at work than did the referents, for example, testicular cancer survivors were less likely to report that their colleagues doubted their ability to carry out their work tasks (OR=0.38; CI: 0.17-0.83). Lymphoma survivors were less likely than the referents to praise their workplace as an enjoyable place to work (OR=0.48; CI: 0.26-0.88). The prostate cancer survivors were more likely than the referents to find the organizational climate competitive, distrustful, and suspicious.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Employment participation and work experiences of male cancer survivors varied substantially according to type of cancer. Occupational therapists and other health care personnel should keep this in mind when assisting cancer survivors in identifying their strengths and limitations at work.
authors.affiliation: Center of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Holmfridur K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Gunnarsdottir
authors.affiliation: Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Halldora
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vidarsdottir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Gudbjorg Linda
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Rafnsdottir
authors.affiliation: Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Laufey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tryggvadottir
authors.affiliation: Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Elinborg J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Olafsdottir
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Center of Expertise for Health and Work Ability, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marja-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lindbohm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010558:Personnel Loyalty; D011287:Prejudice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Men; labor; lymphoma; neoplasm; prostate; testis