title: Biodiversity and safety aspects of yeast strains characterized from vineyards and spontaneous fermentations in the Apulia Region, Italy.
abstract: This work is the first large-scale study on vineyard-associated yeast strains from Apulia (Southern Italy). Yeasts were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribotyping and bioinformatic analysis. The polymorphism of interdelta elements was used to differentiate Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Twenty different species belonging to 9 genera were identified. Predominant on the grape surface were Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Hanseniaspora uvarum and Aureobasidium pullulans, whereas M. pulcherrima and H. uvarum were dominant in the early fermentation stage. A total of 692 S. cerevisiae isolates were identified and a number of S. cerevisiae strains, ranging from 26 to 55, was detected in each of the eight fermentations. The strains were tested for biogenic amines (BAs) production, either in synthetic media or grape must. Two Pichia manshurica, an Issatchenkia terricola and a M. pulcherrima strains were able to produce histamine and cadaverine, during must fermentation. The production of BAs in wine must was different than that observed in the synthetic medium. This feature indicate the importance of an "in grape must" assessment of BAs producing yeast. Overall, our results suggest the importance of microbiological control during wine-making to reduce the potential health risk for consumer represented by these spoilage yeasts.
authors.affiliation: CNR-Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Operative Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy. marianatristezza@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tristezza
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vetrano
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bleve
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Capozzi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Logrieco
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grieco
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D059022:Food Safety; D007558:Italy; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D003470:Culture Media
keywords: Autochthonous starter cultures; Biogenic amines; Histamine; Wine; Yeast; Yeast biodiversity