title: Direct determination of underivatized amino acids from Ginkgo biloba leaves by using hydrophilic interaction ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
abstract: Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been widely used in dietary supplements and more recently in some foods and beverages. In addition to the well-known flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones, G. biloba leaves are also rich in amino acids. To determine the content of free amino acids, a reliable method has been established by using hydrophilic interaction ultra-HPLC coupled with ESI-MS. 20 free amino acids were simultaneously determined without derivatization in 12 min. The proposed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, as well as recovery. Furthermore, the principal component analysis was applied to different G. biloba leaves collected in November (after fruit harvest season), which revealed that the samples from different production areas exhibited regional disparity in different clusters in accordance with their various hydrophilic interaction chromatograms coupled with mass profiles. The established approach could be helpful for evaluation of the potential values as dietary supplements and the quality control of G. biloba leaves, which might also be utilized for the investigation of other medicinal herbs containing amino acids.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Guisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Hanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Yefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Shaoqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shulan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jin-ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids
keywords: Amino acids; Ginkgo biloba; Hydrophilic interaction liquidchromatography; Leaf extracts