title: Nutrient composition of Cirina forda (Westwood)-enriched complementary foods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dried Cirina forda (Westwood) larva is widely marketed, cheap, and commonly consumed in Southwestern Nigeria. Its powder was used in enriching two commonly used complementary food staples (maize and sorghum) as a source of protein and essential micronutrients in complementary foods for infants and young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of soaked and dried sorghum and maize flours and C. forda powder were prepared, and C. forda powder was added to the dried soaked maize and sorghum flours at 5, 10, and 15% (w/w) inclusion levels and analyzed for proximate, mineral, and antinutrient compositions using standard methods of AOAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred grams of C. forda larva contained 52.6 g of protein, 16.8 g of lipids, 2.6 g of ash, 268.67 mg of calcium, 5.64 mg of iron, and 15.00 mg of zinc, and yielded 458.40 kcal energy with 4.40 mg of trypsin inhibitor. Sorghum and maize flours contained 9.2 and 8.3 g of protein, respectively. Addition of C. forda at 5, 10, and 15% levels to fermented sorghum and maize flours significantly increased both micro- and macronutrients of the complementary foods (p < 0.05), and the nutrient density and trypsin inhibitor increased with the inclusion level (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trypsin inhibitor level was very low and cannot cause protein malabsorption. C. forda can serve as a good source of nutrients such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc in formulating nutrient-dense complementary foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Oladejo Thomas
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Adepoju
authors.forename: Oladele Olatunji
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Daboh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005285:Fermentation; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D007814:Larva / Q000737:chemistry; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000737:chemistry*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis; D009549:Nigeria; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010070:Oxalates / Q000032:analysis; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients; D010070:Oxalates; D013634:Tannins; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D010833:Phytic Acid