title: Elevated plasma GLP-1 levels and enhanced expression of cardiac GLP-1 receptors as markers of left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to elucidate usefulness of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction by examining the relationship among plasma GLP-1 levels, expression of cardiac GLP-1 receptors and LV function in patients with impaired and preserved LV function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of participating center: 1, Gifu, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of patients enrolled: 102 patients who underwent elective cardiac catheterisation for coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease, and 6 patients who underwent cardiac biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma GLP-1 level was significantly increased in patients with impaired LV function (5.7±1.9 pmol/L) as compared with those with preserved LV function (2.7±1.6 pmol/L). Plasma GLP-1 and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were inversely correlated with the LV ejection fraction(EF), respectively. Plasma GLP-1 level positively correlated with plasma BNP level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma GLP-1 level was an independent determinant of the impaired LV function, whereas plasma BNP level was not. Intensity of immunostaining for GLP-1 receptor protein was significantly enhanced in patients with impaired LV function compared with those with preserved LV function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma GLP-1 level was increased in patients with impaired systolic LV function and inversely correlated with the LVEF. The expressions of GLP-1 receptors were enhanced in hearts with impaired LV function. These may suggest that endogenous GLP-1-GLP-1 receptor system serves as a compensatory mechanism for systolic LV dysfunction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  UMIN-CTR, ID=UMIN000009361, registration number: R000011000.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Arihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Itta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushikoshi
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.forename: Genzou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamemura
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minatoguchi