title: Indicators for comparing the incidence of diabetic amputations: a nationwide population-based register study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test various indicators for comparing the outcomes of diabetic foot care.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 396,317 patients treated with hypoglycaemic medication in Finland were followed up based on nationwide registers on hospital discharges and causes of death during 1997-2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  The crude and standardized incidences of lower extremity amputations (LEAs), the minor-major ratio of the first LEA and 2-year survival with a preserved leg after the first minor LEA were used as indicators for regional and temporal variation in diabetic foot care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13,469 LEAs were recorded in 1997-2007. The standardized population-corrected rate of first major LEA per 100,000 person-years declined from 10.0 (95% CI 9.6-10.5) to 7.3 (6.9-7.6) (p < .001), while the minor-major LEA ratio progressed from 0.86 (0.80-0.92) to 1.35 (1.26-1.46) (p < .001). By using these indicators, variation was observed between the university hospital catchment areas. Nationwide, the 2-year survival with a preserved leg after the first minor LEA increased statistically insignificantly from 50.8% (47.3-54.6%) to 55.4% (51.9-59.0%) (p = .08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standardized, population-corrected incidence of major LEA, the minor-major LEA ratio, and major-amputation-free survival proved useful as indicators in comparing the outcomes of diabetic foot care.
authors.affiliation: THL - National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: klas.winell@conmedic.fi.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venermo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikonen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019985:Benchmarking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002391:Catchment Area, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012042:Registries; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Amputation; Benchmarking; Diabetic foot; Outcome assessment; Quality indicators