title: Oxidative processes during enzymatic hydrolysis of cod protein and their influence on antioxidant and immunomodulating ability.
abstract: Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) have many desirable properties, however heating and shifts in pH can cause oxidation during enzymatic hydrolysis. The objective was to investigate oxidative processes during enzymatic hydrolysis of fish protein and the impact of oxidation on the antioxidant and immunomodulating ability of FPH. Protease P "Amano" 6 was used to hydrolyze cod protein in the presence and absence of pro-oxidants at pH 8 and 36°C to achieve 20% degree of hydrolysis. Results from thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sensory analysis indicate that oxidation can develop rapidly during hydrolysis. A cellular antioxidant assay using a HepG2 cell model indicated a negative impact of oxidation products on antioxidant properties of the FPH while results obtained in chemical assays showed a negligible impact. Results from a dendritic cell model indicating that oxidation products may affect anti-inflammatory activity in the body. This study provides important information regarding bioactive FPH.
authors.affiliation: Matis ohf., Vinlandsleid 12, 113 Reykjavík, Iceland. sigrun.m.halldorsdottir@matis.is
authors.forename: Sigrun M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Halldorsdottir
authors.forename: Holmfridur
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sveinsdottir
authors.forename: Jona
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freysdottir
authors.forename: Hordur G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005511:Food Handling; D048388:Gadiformes; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Fish protein hydrolysates; Immunomodulating ability; Lipid oxidation