title: Cytotoxicity evaluation of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles in melanoma cells and dermal fibroblasts.
abstract: Carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs) are emerging as promising biomedical tools due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of CEINs (the mean diameter distribution ranges 46-56 nm) has been explored by MTT, LDH leakage, Calcein-AM/propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays in human melanoma (HTB-140), mouse melanoma (B16-F10) cells, and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The results demonstrated that CEINs produce mitochondrial and cell membrane cytotoxicities in a dose (0.0001-100 μg/ml)-dependent manner. Moreover, the studies elucidated some differences in cytotoxic effects between CEINs used as raw and purified materials composing of the carbon surface with acidic groups. Experiments showed that HTB-140 cells are more sensitive to prone early apoptotic events due to raw CEINs as compared to B16-F10 or HDF cells, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the amount of CEINs administered to cells and the composition of CEINs containing different amounts of iron as well as the carbon surface modification type is critical determinant of cytotoxic responses in both normal and cancer (melanoma) cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. S. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ireneusz P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Grudzinski
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bystrzejewski
authors.forename: Monika A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cywinska
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosmider
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poplawska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cieszanowski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostrowska
keywords: Carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs); Cytotoxicity; Dermal fibroblasts; Melanoma cells