title: Sulforaphane mitigates genotoxicity induced by radiation and anticancer drugs in human lymphocytes.
abstract: Sulforaphane, present in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, is a dietary anticancer agent. Sulforaphane, added 2 or 20 h following phytohemaglutinin stimulation to cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals accidentally exposed to mixed γ and β-radiation, reduced the micronucleus frequency by up to 70%. Studies with whole blood cultures obtained from healthy volunteers confirmed the ability of sulforaphane to ameliorate γ-radiation-induced genotoxicity and to reduce micronucleus induction by other DNA-damaging anticancer agents, such as bleomycin and doxorubicin. This reduction in genotoxicity in lymphocytes treated at the G(0) or G(1) stage suggests a role for sulforaphane in modulating DNA repair. Sulforaphane also countered the radiation-induced increase in lymphocyte HDAC activity, to control levels, when cells were treated 2 h after exposure, and enhanced histone H4 acetylation status. Sulforaphane post-irradiation treatment enhanced the CD 34(+)Lin(-) cell population in culture. Sulforaphane has therapeutic potential for management of the late effects of radiation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. SK Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Omika
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jawahar S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: Bilikere S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Dwarakanath
authors.forename: Paban K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Agrawala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013454:Sulfoxides
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D013454:Sulfoxides; C016766:sulforaphane
keywords: HDAC inhibitor; Micronucleus; Radiation protection; Sulforaphane