title: Birth parameters and parental height predict growth outcome in children with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analyzed the impact of birth parameters and parental height on long-term growth outcome in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear growth was prospectively investigated in 509 children, with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years. Growth outcome was categorized in (i) poor growth (PG): height standard deviation score (SDS) during follow-up < -2.0 and/or actual or previous growth hormone (GH) treatment, and (ii) good growth (GG): height SDS ≥ -2.0 and no need for GH. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was constructed for predictors of PG outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PG was observed in 55 % of patients. The rate of pre-term and small for gestational age birth was significantly higher in children with PG compared to GG (43.2 vs. 25.6 % and 36.8 vs. 18.9 %; p < 0.001). Children with PG had significantly lower average values for gestational age, birth weight, length, and head circumference, umbilical cord pH, Apgar scores, and parental height than children with GG. Birth length, umbilical cord pH, and parental height were significant independent predictors of PG outcome (sensitivity 72.8 %, specificity 69.3 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Birth parameters and parental height are independent predictors of growth outcome in children with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alakan
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pavičić
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gellermann
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Querfeld
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Živičnjak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005858:Germany; D005865:Gestational Age; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone