title: Deep brain stimulation lead-contact heating during 3T MRI: single- versus dual-channel pulse generator configurations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after deep brain stimulation (DBS) carries the risk of heating at the lead-contacts within the brain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of single- and dual-channel DBS implantable pulse generator (IPG) configurations on brain lead-contact heating during 3T MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phantom with bilateral brain leads and extensions connected to two single-channel IPGs or a dual-channel right or left IPG was utilized. Using a transmit/receive head coil, seven scan sequences were conducted yielding a range of head-specific absorption rates (SAR-H). Temperature changes (ΔT) at the bilateral 0 and 3 lead-contacts were recorded, and normalized temperatures (ΔT/SAR-H) and slopes defining the ΔT/SAR-H over the SAR-H range were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater heating was strongly correlated with higher SAR-H in all configurations. For each scan sequence, the ΔT/SAR-H of single-channel left lead-contacts was significantly greater than the ΔT/SAR-H of either dual-channel configuration. The slope defining the relationship between ΔT and SAR-H for the single-channel left lead (1.68°C/SAR-H) was significantly greater (p < 0.0001) than the ΔT/SAR-H slope for the single-channel right lead (0.97°C/SAR-H), both of which were significantly greater (p < 0.0001) than the ΔT/SAR-H slopes of left or right leads (range 0.68 to 0.70°C/SAR-H) in the dual-channel configurations. There were no significant differences in ΔT/SAR-H slope values between the dual-channel configurations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DBS hardware configuration using bilateral single-channel versus unilateral dual-channel IPGs significantly affects DBS lead-contact heating during 3T MRI brain scanning.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.
authors.forename: Jules M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nazzaro
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Klemp
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Galen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cook-Wiens
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Gustaf M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Van Acker
authors.forename: Kelly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Cheney
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007854:Lead; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
chemical_list: D007854:Lead