title: Early lung cancer: methods for detection.
abstract: Early detection and surgical resection are essential for the treatment of lung cancer. It would be ideal to be able to detect and treat preinvasive bronchial lesions, defined as dysplasia and carcinoma in situ before progressing to invasive cancer. Advanced airway-assessment techniques have opened an avenue for early detection and surveillance of endobronchial malignancy. This article reviews currently available advanced imaging techniques for early detection of lung cancer, including autofluorescence bronchoscopy, narrow-band imaging, high-magnification bronchovideoscopy, endobronchial ultrasonography, and optical coherence tomography. Also discussed are the more recently developed endocytoscopy system and confocal fluorescence microendoscopy, currently used only for research purposes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, 9N-957, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasufuku
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods
keywords: Autofluorescence bronchoscopy; Early detection; Endobronchial ultrasonography; Endocytoscopy; Lung cancer; Narrow-band imaging; Optical coherence tomography