title: Therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich solution on aplastic anemia in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aplasitc anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by an immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Though clinical symptoms could be ameliorated by bone marrow transplantation and/or immunosuppressive therapy, frequent recurrence and especially evolution of clonal hematologic diseases remains problematic clinically. Cytokines such as interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by autologous T cells are closely related with the development of AA. Hydrogen-rich solution was reported to inhibit the levels of cytokines including INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 in vivo in recent studies. This study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich solution on AA in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  AA model was determined in vivo by mice and body weights of the mice were used as the basic physiological index. Peripheral blood cells were calculated to evaluate the hematologic recovery degree. Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs), tissue histology, as well as CFU-S and CFU-GM forming units were used to evaluate the recovery of bone marrow microenvironment. The ratio of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were examined along with cytokine levels in serum to determine the efficacy of H2-rich solution on the affected immunological functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight and number of peripheral blood cells were significantly improved for mice in the H2-rich solution treated groups as compared with those with AA. The number of BMNCs and CFUs increased markedly and the bone marrow microenvironment was also improved significantly. The experimental group restrained the cell apoptosis, relieved hyperemia and accelerated tissue repair. The number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells as well as the ratio of CD4/CD8 increased to normal gradually, while the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 in serum decreased after H2-rich solution treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study firstly showed that hydrogen-rich solution accelerated the recovery of either hematological or immunological recovery on aplastic anemia mice. This finding suggests hydrogen-rich solution as a potential clinical therapeutic agent for AA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Sanhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Liren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yanyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yijuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xunjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bailong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000741:Anemia, Aplastic / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000166:cytology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006859:Hydrogen; D007371:Interferon-gamma