title: Surgical management for avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the operative methods and curative effect of calcaneal tuberosity fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was done to analyze 15 patients with calcaneal tuberosity fracture who received surgical management between January 2008 and June 2011. There were nine males and six females, with the age ranging from 31 to 68 years (average, 51.4 years). All the patients had unilateral acute injury, with the left foot in 7 cases and the right foot in 8 cases. According to the Beavis classification, there were three cases in type I and 12 cases in type II. All the cases in type I and 10 cases in type II were treated with open reduction and screw fixation. The other two cases in type II with larger fragment involving a portion of the subtalar joint were treated with plate and screw fixation. The effect of the treatment was assessed according to the ankle and hindfoot score system of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months (average, 20 months). The healing time in these patients ranged from 8 to 25 weeks (average, 12 weeks). The postoperative score ranged from 47 to 100 points (average, 91.1 points). Seven cases were rated as excellent, two as good, and one as poor. The rate of excellent and good was 90%. Necrosis of skin and soft tissue and exposure of the plate happened in one patient, who eventually healed after 3 weeks by debridement with plate preserved and peroneal artery perforator flap transplantation. Loss of reduction happened to another patient, who was treated with revision surgery by open reduction and screw fixation again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To patients with obvious fracture displacement, whose soft tissues are irritated severely, emergency open reduction and internal fixation operation should be offered to prevent the necrosis of the flaps as far as possible. To patients with small fractures, it is advisable to choose open reduction and large diameter screw fixation, while plate and screw fixation may be better for the patients with large fragments, especially for those with the fracture line extending to the subtalar joint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. yuguangrong@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Guang-rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qing-jiang
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Da-wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yun-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jia-qian
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Calcaneus; Fracture fixation; Fractures; Internal; Internal fixators