title: Changes in plasma adipokines in prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because nutritional support in perinatal life has been associated with metabolic programming, children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) might display alterations in the adipocyte and in the secretion of adipokines. The aim of this study was to assess adiponectin, resistin, and leptin concentrations in prepubertal children with a history of EUGR, and to determine the potential correlation between these adipokines and metabolic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study sample included 38 prepubertal children with a history of EUGR and a control group of 123 healthy children of similar age and sex. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were assessed. Biochemical markers and blood adipokine concentrations (adiponectin, resistin, and leptin) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin concentration was significantly lower in the EUGR group compared with controls (EUGR: 11.49 ± 6.07 versus control: 25.72 ± 10.13 μg/mL), and resistin concentration was higher (EUGR: 20332.95 ± 6401.25 versus control: 8056.31 ± 3823.63 pg/mL), even after adjustment for gestational age, weight, and size at birth. Systolic blood pressure was associated with adipokines concentrations in the EUGR group (P < 0.001). In EUGR children adiponectin was associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.042), whereas resistin was associated with carbohydrate metabolism parameters (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early postnatal malnutrition in EUGR children could program adipose tissue. Plasma adipokines can be measured in childhood to identify precocious changes that may be associated with a higher risk for metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease later in life.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Metabolism and Pediatric Investigation, Department of Pediatrics, University Reina Sofia Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Espejo
authors.forename: Juan Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez-Navero
authors.forename: Josune
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olza
authors.forename: María Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Villanueva
authors.forename: Concepción María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gil-Campos
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Malnutrition; Prepubertal; Preterm; Resistin