title: Effect of a brief outreach educational intervention on the translation of acute poisoning treatment guidelines to practice in rural Sri Lankan hospitals: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In developing countries, including Sri Lanka, a high proportion of acute poisoning and other medical emergencies are initially treated in rural peripheral hospitals. Patients are then usually transferred to referral hospitals for further treatment. Guidelines are often used to promote better patient care in these emergencies. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN73983810) which aimed to assess the effect of a brief educational outreach ('academic detailing') intervention to promote the utilization of treatment guidelines for acute poisoning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This cluster RCT was conducted in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. All peripheral hospitals in the province were randomized to either intervention or control. All hospitals received a copy of the guidelines. The intervention hospitals received a brief out-reach academic detailing workshop which explained poisoning treatment guidelines and guideline promotional items designed to be used in daily care. Data were collected on all patients admitted due to poisoning for 12 months post-intervention in all study hospitals. Information collected included type of poison exposure, initial investigations, treatments and hospital outcome. Patients transferred from peripheral hospitals to referral hospitals had their clinical outcomes recorded. There were 23 intervention and 23 control hospitals. There were no significant differences in the patient characteristics, such as age, gender and the poisons ingested. The intervention hospitals showed a significant improvement in administration of activated charcoal [OR 2.95 (95% CI 1.28-6.80)]. There was no difference between hospitals in use of other decontamination methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that an educational intervention consisting of brief out-reach academic detailing was effective in changing treatment behavior in rural Sri Lankan hospitals. The intervention was only effective for treatments with direct clinician involvement, such as administering activated charcoal. It was not successful for treatments usually administered by non-professional staff such as forced emesis for poisoning.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN73983810 ISRCTN73983810.
authors.affiliation: South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka ; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Lalith
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Senarathna
authors.forename: Nick A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dibley
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Shaluka F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jayamanna
authors.forename: Indika B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Gawarammana
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004496:Education, Continuing; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006780:Hospitals, Rural; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000193:education*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013188:Sri Lanka
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D002606:Charcoal; C028797:pralidoxime