title: The effect of acid pH modifiers on the release characteristics of weakly basic drug from hydrophlilic-lipophilic matrices.
abstract: The solubility of weakly basic drugs within passage though GI tract leads to pH-dependent or even incomplete release of these drugs from extended release formulations and consequently to lower drug absorption and bioavailability. The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate hydrophilic-lipophilic (hypromellose-montanglycol wax) matrix tablets ensuring the pH-independent delivery of the weakly basic drug verapamil-hydrochloride by an incorporation of three organic acidifiers (citric, fumaric, and itaconic acids) differing in their concentrations, pK a, and solubility. The dissolution studies were performed by the method of changing pH values, which better corresponded to the real conditions in the GI tract (2 h at pH 1.2 and then 10 h at pH 6.8). Within the same conditions, pH of matrix microenvironment was measured. To determine relationships between the above mentioned properties of acidifiers and the monitored effects (the amount of released drug and surface pH of gel layer in selected time intervals-360 and 480 min), the full factorial design method and partial least squares PLS-2 regression were used. The incorporation of the tested pH modifiers significantly increased the drug release rate from matrices. PLS-components explained 75% and 73% variation in the X- and Y-data, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the main crucial points (p < 0.01) were the concentration and strength of acidifier incorporated into the matrix. Contrary, the acid solubility surprisingly did not influence the selected effects except for the surface pH of gel layer in time 480 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic, dvorackovak@vfu.cz.
authors.forename: Kateřina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dvořáčková
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doležel
authors.forename: Eliška
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mašková
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muselík
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kejdušová
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vetchý
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D015195:Drug Design; D004566:Electrodes; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005782:Gels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007700:Kinetics; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D005782:Gels; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013607:Tablets; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose; D014700:Verapamil