title: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and thiamine diphosphate in cord-blood erythrocytes of preterm versus term newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A low folate or low thiamine status may be associated with the risk of preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA) offspring and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) and thiamine diphosphate (TDP) were measured directly in cord-blood erythrocytes (CBEs) of early preterm (n=26; <32 weeks gestational age; including 50% multiple births), late preterm (n=38; 32 to <37 weeks; including 24% multiple births) and term newborns (n=60, 37-42 weeks) via high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Associations between 5MTHF and TDP with gestational age, newborn anthropometrics (birth weight, newborn's length and head circumference) and risk of being SGA were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group comparison as well as multivariate linear regression analysis of cord-blood vitamins revealed that 5MTHF was significantly lower in late preterms compared with terms but did not differ between singletons and multiples. TDP tended to be higher in preterms than in terms and lower in multiples than in singletons in both early and late preterms. Multivariate analysis on birth outcomes showed that 5MTHF was significantly positively associated with gestational age, birth weight and newborn's length. 5MTHF, increasing gestational age and parity were associated with a significantly reduced risk for being SGA, while TDP, multiple births and gender were not associated with the risk for being SGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher CBE concentrations of 5MTHF were associated with improved birth outcomes. Lower TDP concentrations were observed in multiple births. Future studies evaluating cord-blood vitamin concentrations and their associations with birth outcomes should additionally include dietary intakes and maternal blood concentrations at different stages of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stuetz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bernhard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raith
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grune
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Breusing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009099:Multiple Birth Offspring; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D013763:Tetrahydrofolates / Q000097:blood*; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate / Q000097:blood*; D014804:Vitamin B Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013763:Tetrahydrofolates; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate; C005984:5-methyltetrahydrofolate