title: Transparent dispersions of milk-fat-based nanostructured lipid carriers for delivery of β-carotene.
abstract: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are possible vehicles to incorporate lipophilic bioactive compounds in transparent functional beverages. In this work, anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and Tween 80 were used to prepare NLCs using a phase-inversion temperature method, and β-carotene was used as a model lipophilic bioactive compound. The phase-inversion temperature decreased from >95 to 73 °C, when NaCl increased from 0 to 1.0 M in the aqueous phase. At 0.8 M NaCl and phase inversion by heating at 90 °C for 30 min, transparent NLC dispersions were observed at AMF levels higher than 10% (w/w), corresponding to particles smaller than ~25 nm. The NLC dispersions were dilution- and dialysis-stable and maintained turbidity and particle size during 90 days of storage at room temperature. The degradation of β-carotene encapsulated in NLCs was much reduced when compared to its encapsulation in the soybean-oil-based nanoemulsion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, ‡Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, and §Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.
authors.forename: Linhan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Guoxun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qixin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001628:Beverages; D002417:Cattle; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004655:Emulsions; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D061353:Food Storage; D005527:Food, Fortified; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D044366:Transition Temperature; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004655:Emulsions; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D019207:beta Carotene; D013024:Soybean Oil