title: Antiedematogenic effects of the polar fractions of Persea cordata Mez. (Lauraceae) on microvascular extravasation in rat skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persea cordata Mez. (Lauraceae) is a medicinal plant used in veterinary ethnopharmacology, which is a popular medicine used as an anti-inflammatory and healing agent, mainly on animal skin diseases, characterized by cutaneous open wounds, in South Brazil.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible antiedematogenic effect of ethyl acetate (EtAc) and butanol (BuOH) polar fractions of Persea cordata on Evans blue dye leakage induced by pro-inflammatory agents in rat skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (180-200 g, n=5-6) were pretreated with a single intraperitoneal administration of EtAc or BuOH (1 to 600 mg kg(-1)) fractions followed by intravenous Evans blue dye injection (1%, 30 mg kg(-1), i.v.), 60 min before the injection of phlogistic agents. Animals received intradermal injections (0.05 ml) of carrageenan (CAR, 300 µg/site), 48/80 compound (C4880, 10 µg/site), histamine (HIS, 0.3 µg/site), serotonin (5-HT, 0.01 µg/site), dextran (DEX, 200 µg/site), bradykinin (BK, 0.003 µg/site), capsaicin (CPS, 400 µg/site), substance P (SP, 0.003 µg/site) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 10 nmol/site) and they were submitted to euthanasia after 60 min. Skin samples were obtained in the extravasation sites of Evans blue dye. Skin fragments were soaked in formamide at 37°C (during 24h) for Evans blue extraction. The amount of dye leakage in the tissue fragment was determined by a spectrophotometer (620 nm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a very similar manner in terms of potency and efficacy, systemic administration of EtAc and BuOH fractions caused dose-dependent inhibition of vascular Evans blue dye leakage induced by phlogistic agents in the rat skin. The results obtained (ID50 values in mgkg(-1) and maximal inhibition in %) with EtAc fraction, as follows were: CAR (34.42 and 63.0), 4880 (8.52 and 59.1), HIS (21.22 and 66.8), 5-HT (32.99 and 73.4), DEX (41.74 and 67.0), BK (34.03 and 68.0), CPS (100.7 and 77), SP (2.1 and 78.9) and PGE2 (133 and 71.0). BuOH fraction significantly inhibited CAR (25.9 and 70)-, 4880 (36.8 and 66)-, HIS (17.6 and 77)-, 5-HT (32.8 and 56)-, DEX (89.6 and 75)-, BK (28.0 and 66)-, CPS (136.37 and 71)-, SP (5.6 and 78)- and PGE2 (109.64 and 56)-induced VE, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic administration of Persea cordata polar fractions exerts a non-specific inhibitory effect on microvascular leakage induced by pro-inflammatory agents in rat skin, probably to interfering with different biological systems involved in the development of the inflammatory process, reinforcing the popular use of Persea cordata as an anti-inflammatory and healing agent for skin.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Realeza, PR, CEP 85770-000, Brazil. Electronic address: valfredo.schlemper@uffs.edu.br.
authors.forename: Valfredo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schlemper
authors.forename: Susana Regina de Mello
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Schlemper
authors.forename: Júlio Araújo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zampirolo
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000737:chemistry; D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D027421:Persea; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C007650:ethyl acetate; D020001:1-Butanol
keywords: Antiedematogenic; Evans blue; Extravasation; Persea cordata; Polar fractions