title: [Effect of litchi seed aqueous extracts on learning and memory obstacles induced by D-galactose in mice and its mechanism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the improving effect of Litchi Seed Aqueous Extracts on learning and memory obstacles model and its mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The learning and memory obstacles model was incluced by subcutoneous injection of D-galactose (500 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The model group and treatment groups were given huperzine A (0.4 mg/kg) and Litchi Seed Aqueous Extracts (15,60 g/kg) respectively for 4 weeks by ig at the 5th week. After huperzine A and Litchi Seed Aqueous Extracts treatment for 4 weeks, water maze test was used to determine the ability of mice's spatial learning and memory. The contents of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in serum, the content of nitric oxide (NO) and acetylcholine (Ach), the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the brain tissue were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Litchi Seed Aqueous Extracts significantly ameliorated the learning and memory ability in mice, decreased the level of AGEs in serum, and reduced the content of NO and activity of NOS in brain tissues. No significantly influence was observed for the Ach and Ach-E in brain tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Litchi Seed Aqueous Extracts possesses improving the learning and memory effects on the model mice induced by D-galactose, which may be related to inhibiting too much AGEs and NO formation and reducing damage in the brain cells.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Guangzhou 510130, China. 948941503@qq.com
authors.forename: Hong-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Chun-Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Min-Xian
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000494:pharmacology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D032125:Litchi / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005690:Galactose