title: Diagnostic criteria and treatment of discogenic pain: a systematic review of recent clinical literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain innate to intervertebral disc, often referred to as discogenic pain, is suspected by some authors to be the major source of chronic low back and neck pain. Current management of suspected discogenic pain lacks standardized diagnosis, treatment, and terminology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In an attempt to determine whether patterns existed that may facilitate standardization of care, we sought to analyze the terminologies used and the various modes of diagnosis and treatment of suspected discogenic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the recent literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was performed using the terms degenerative disc disease, discogenic pain, internal disc disruption while using the limits of human studies, English language, and clinical trials, for the last 10 years. The search led to a total of 149 distinct citations, of which 53 articles, where the intervertebral disc itself was considered the principal source of patient's pain and was the main target of the treatment, were retained for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this review confirm and help quantify the significant differences that existed in the terminology and all the areas of diagnosis and treatment of presumed discogenic pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that suspected discogenic pain, despite its extensive affirmation in the literature and enormous resources regularly devoted to it, currently lacks clear diagnostic criteria and uniform treatment or terminology.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, 251 Huron St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: kmalikmd@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Walega
authors.forename: Honorio T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Benzon
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Degenerative disc disease; Diagnosis; Discogenic pain; Terminology; Treatment