title: Update: routine screening for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, civilian applicants for U.S. military service and U.S. Armed Forces, active and reserve components, January 2008-June 2013.
abstract: This report contains an update through June 2013 on the results of screening for HIV infection among civilian applicants for military service and among members of the active and reserve components of the Armed Forces. Among civilian applicants, annual rates of prevalence of HIV infection showed a continuing downward trend. Rates among black, non-Hispanic applicants were higher than other racial/ethnic groups but have declined sharply since 2008. Among service members, annual rates have varied by service and component, with higher rates in the Army and Navy and lower rates in the Marine Corps and Air Force. Members of the Army and Air Force Reserves have had consistently higher rates than members of their respective active components. For both civilian applicants and service members, rates among men are notably higher than among women. The possible roles of unprotected sex and pre-deployment behaviors and the associated challenges to prevention of HIV infection are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral