title: Initial drug resistance pattern among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is an emerging problem that adversely affects treatment outcomes and public health in the developing world.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the initial drug resistance pattern among pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two urban Directly Observed Treatment Supervised (DOTS) centres in Lucknow District of Uttar Pradesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study consisted of newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) cases at the time of registration under the tuberculosis control programme. All sputum smear positive cases were subjected to culture and drug-susceptibility testing by 1% proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 185 newly diagnosed sputum smear positive for AFB i n pulmonary tuberculosis patients weresubjected to culture and drug sensitivity test. Among 185 isolates, 170 (91.4%) isolates were culture positive. Of these 170 isolates, 169 (99.4%) were M. tuberculosis and one (0.5%) was Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT). Out of 99.4% M. tuberculosis positive isolates, 21.3% were resistant to at least one drug. Resistance pattern of 21.3% strains of M. tuberculosis showing resistance to single, double, triple, and quadruple drugs were 5.9%, 10.7%, 2.4% and 2.4% respectively. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in 4.7% isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study highlights the high rate of drug resistance pattern among the new sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and also high MDR tuberculosis. Routine surveillance of drug resistance profile of patients provides useful information for adopting new strategies of effective treatment within National Tuberculosis Control Programmes in order to combat the threat of MDR-TB in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Harshita
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Surya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Natu
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents