title: [Balanoplasty in accordance with the normal anatomy--the key to successful correction of hypospadias].
abstract: The features of the normal anatomy of the balanus and distal urethra were evaluated. It was found that there is a physiological mechanism of stretching of distal urethra during urination owing to the scaphoid fossa, bridle and hippocrepiform-located corpus spongiosum of balanus. Based on these data, modified balanoplasty was proposed, which consisted in mobilization and increase the length of corpus spongiosum of wings of balanus by longitudinal incisions, followed by suturing wings of balanus with separate inside sutures on a short distance not above 3-5 mm and their dipping at a depth not above 1-2 mm. Between 2005 and 2010, 410 patients aged 1 to 18 years underwent surgeries. 90 (22%) patients underwent reoperation. Boys with glandular and coronal hypospadias (n = 69) underwent MAGPI surgery. Patients with penile hypospadias (n = 243) underwent TIP-Snodgrass (n = 72), onlay (n = 23), Mathuie (n = 123), and GTIP (n = 25) surgeries. In children with scrotal and perineal hypospadias (n = 98), method of transverse tubularized foreskin flap was used. All patients were arbitrarily divided into two groups. The study group consisted of patients (n = 210) who underwent modified balanoplasty. The comparison group consisted of 200 patients who underwent conventional balanoplasty. Complication rate after hypospadias correction was reduced from 18 to 12% in penile hypospadias, and from 28 to 18% in scrotal and perineal hypospadias. It is shown that modified balanoplasty excludes formation of obstructive ring of corpus spongiosum in the distal urethra. The results of urodynamic examinations in follow-up period showed improvement of mean urinary flow rates.
authors.forename: Iu É
authors.initials: IuÉ
authors.lastname: Rudin
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Marukhnenko
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Garmanova
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Saĭedov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012611:Scrotum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014563:Urodynamics