title: Analysis of gene expression profiles in tympanic membrane following perforation using PCR Array in rats--preliminary investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this work was to identify genes, known to be involved in the skin wound healing, that express differentially in the healthy and injured tympanic membrane (TM), and designate the molecules potentially beneficial for treatment of TM perforation. The molecular mechanisms controlling the course of TM regeneration are far from being elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty rats had their tympanic membranes perforated, while four served as a control. Animals were sacrificed on either days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 post injury, and TMs were immediately dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total TM RNA was isolated and reversely transcribed. qPCR was performed using Rat Wound Healing RT(2) Profiler PCR Array (QIAGEN) containing primers for 84 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant changes in the expression of 42 genes were found in various stages of TM healing. The increased expression of genes taking part in the inflammatory reaction (interleukin 6, granulocyte and macrophage chemotactic proteins) was observed from day 2. The expression of several genes of extracellular matrix components and their remodeling enzymes was also changed. Among growth factor genes: Vegfa, Igf1 and Hbegf showed increased expression at the beginning of the healing process, while Hgf expression was highest on day 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several changes in the expression of genes involved in remodeling of extracellular matrix point to important role of connective tissue in TM healing. The molecules accelerating this process, like HbEGF and HGF, seem to be good candidates for further evaluation of their possible use in clinical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland. Electronic address: hassmann@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hassmann-Poznańska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taranta
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bialuk
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poznańska
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zajączkiewicz
authors.forename: Maria Małgorzata
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Winnicka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Extracellular matrix remodeling; Gene expression profiles; Growth factors; Rats; Regeneration of tympanic membrane; Wound healing