title: Solvent additive effects on small molecule crystallization in bulk heterojunction solar cells probed during spin casting.
abstract: Solvent additive processing can lead to drastic improvements in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in solution processable small molecule (SPSM) bulk heterojunction solar cells. In situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering is used to investigate the kinetics of crystallite formation during and shortly after spin casting. The additive is shown to have a complex effect on structural evolution invoking polymorphism and enhanced crystalline quality of the donor SPSM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Louis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Kang Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: van der Poll
authors.forename: Detlef-M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smilgies
authors.forename: Thuc-Quyen
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amassian
authors.forename: Guillermo C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bazan
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012993:Solar Energy; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes; D012997:Solvents; D013876:Thiophenes; D017971:Tin Compounds; C533756:poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate); C109984:indium tin oxide
keywords: bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells; organic photovoltaics (OPV); solution processable small molecules; solvent additive processing; thin film morphology