title: Wafer-scale nanowell array patterning based electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor.
abstract: We have reported that nanowell array (NWA) can enhance electrochemical detection of molecular binding events by controlling the binding sites of the captured molecules. Using NWA biosensor based amperometric analysis, we have detected biological macromolecules such as DNA, protein or aptamers at low concentrations. In this research, we developed an impedimetric immunosensor based on wafer-scale NWA for electrochemical detection of stress-induced-phosphoprotein-1 (STIP-1). In order to develop NWA sensor through the cost-effective combination of high-throughput nanopattern, the NWA electrode was fabricated on Si wafer by krypton-fluoride (KrF) stepper semiconductor process. Finally, 12,500,000 ea nanowell with a 500 nm diameter was fabricated on 4 mm × 2 mm substrate. Next, by using these electrodes, we measured impedance to quantify antigen binding to the immunoaffinity layer. The limit of detection (LOD) of the NWA was improved about 100-fold compared to milli-sized electrodes (4 mm × 2 mm) without an NWA. These results suggest that wafer-scale NWA immunosensor will be useful for biosensing applications because their interface response is appropriate for detecting molecular binding events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: JuKyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: SiHyeong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: JungHwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: HeonYul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: JinGoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: SunHee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: ByungDo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: ChangWoo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wilber
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Busnaina
authors.forename: HeaYeon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C079373:STIP1 protein, human; D006046:Gold
keywords: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); Nanowell arrays (NWA) immunosensor; Stress-induced-phosphoprotein-1 (STIP-1); Wafer-scale nanopatterning