title: Are Americans Really Less Happy With Their Incomes?
abstract: Recent economic research on international comparisons of subjective well-being suffers from several important biases due to the potential incomparability of response scales within and across countries. In this paper we concentrate on self-reported satisfaction with income in two countries: The Netherlands and the US. The comparability problem is addressed by using anchoring vignettes. We find that in the raw data, Americans appear decidedly less satisfied with their income than the Dutch. It turns out however that after response scale adjustment based on vignettes, the distribution of satisfaction in the two countries is essentially identical. In addition, we find that the within-country cross-sectional effect of income on satisfaction-a key parameter in the recent debate in the economic literature-is significantly under-estimated especially in the US-when differences in response scales are not taken into account.
authors.affiliation: RAND.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapteyn
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Soest
keywords: happiness; life satisfaction; reporting bias; vignettes