title: Appearances of the circumcaval ureter on excretory urography and MR urography: A single-center case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU) appearances of the circumcaval ureter, a rare congenital cause of hydronephrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven cases of circumcaval ureter, suspected on intravenous urography (IVU), underwent subsequent static MRU using heavily T2-weighted sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The various appearances of circumcaval ureter on IVU and MRU were studied and compared. The circumcaval portion of the ureter was especially well seen on axial MRU sections, though this portion was routinely not visualized on IVU. In one case with a ureteric calculus, MRU also depicted a circumcaval course of the ureter, thus providing a complete diagnosis. In yet another case, where a circumcaval ureter was suspected on IVU, MRU proved the actual cause of ureteric obstruction to be a crossing vessel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Static MRU using heavily T2-weighted coronal and axial sequences can make or exclude the diagnosis of circumcaval ureter unequivocally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muthusami
authors.forename: Ananthakrishnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramesh
keywords: Circumcaval ureter; hydronephrosis; intravenous urography; magnetic resonance urography