title: Ensemble segmentation for GBM brain tumors on MR images using confidence-based averaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ensemble segmentation methods combine the segmentation results of individual methods into a final one, with the goal of achieving greater robustness and accuracy. The goal of this study was to develop an ensemble segmentation framework for glioblastoma multiforme tumors on single-channel T1w postcontrast magnetic resonance images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three base methods were evaluated in the framework: fuzzy connectedness, GrowCut, and voxel classification using support vector machine. A confidence map averaging (CMA) method was used as the ensemble rule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The performance is evaluated on a comprehensive dataset of 46 cases including different tumor appearances. The accuracy of the segmentation result was evaluated using the F1-measure between the semiautomated segmentation result and the ground truth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that the CMA ensemble result statistically approximates the best segmentation result of all the base methods for each case.
authors.affiliation: TeraRecon Inc., 4000 East 3rd Avenue, Suite 200, Foster City, California 94404, USA. jinghuo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Rikxoort
authors.forename: Hyun J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeffry R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Alger
authors.forename: Whitney B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Goldin
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*