title: Acute and long-term effects of cannabis use: a review.
abstract: Cannabis remains the most commonly used and trafficked illicit drug in the world. Its use is largely concentrated among young people (15- to 34-year-olds). There is a variety of cannabis use patterns, ranging from experimental use to dependent use. Men are more likely than women to report both early initiation and frequent use of cannabis. Due to the high prevalence of cannabis use, the impact of cannabis on public health may be significant. A range of acute and chronic health problems associated with cannabis use has been identified. Cannabis can frequently have negative effects in its users, which may be amplified by certain demographic and/or psychosocial factors. Acute adverse effects include hyperemesis syndrome, impaired coordination and performance, anxiety, suicidal ideations/tendencies, and psychotic symptoms. Acute cannabis consumption is also associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes, especially fatal collisions. Evidence indicates that frequent and prolonged use of cannabis can be detrimental to both mental and physical health. Chronic effects of cannabis use include mood disorders, exacerbation of psychotic disorders in vulnerable people, cannabis use disorders, withdrawal syndrome, neurocognitive impairments, cardiovascular and respiratory and other diseases.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karila
authors.forename: Perrine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.forename: Amine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benyamina
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynaud
authors.forename: Henri-Jean
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, 12 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif 94800, France. Laurent.karila@pbr.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lançon
mesh_terms: D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002188:Cannabis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D064086:Medical Marijuana / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011634:Public Health; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D064086:Medical Marijuana