title: The relationship between better-eye and integrated visual field mean deviation and visual disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of difference between better-eye visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) and integrated VF (IVF) MD among Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) subjects and a larger group of glaucoma clinic subjects and to assess how those measures relate to objective and subjective measures of ability/performance in SEE subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of population- and clinic-based samples of adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 490 SEE and 7053 glaucoma clinic subjects with VF loss (MD ≤-3 decibels [dB] in at least 1 eye).
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual field testing was performed in each eye, and IVF MD was calculated. Differences between better-eye and IVF MD were calculated for SEE and clinic-based subjects. In SEE subjects with VF loss, models were constructed to compare the relative impact of better-eye and IVF MD on driving habits, mobility, self-reported vision-related function, and reading speed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Difference between better-eye and IVF MD and relationship of better-eye and IVF MD with performance measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median difference between better-eye and IVF MD was 0.41 dB (interquartile range [IQR], -0.21 to 1.04 dB) and 0.72 dB (IQR, 0.04-1.45 dB) for SEE subjects and clinic-based patients with glaucoma, respectively, with differences of ≥ 2 dB between the 2 MDs observed in 9% and 18% of the groups, respectively. Among SEE subjects with VF loss, both MDs demonstrated similar associations with multiple ability and performance metrics as judged by the presence/absence of a statistically significant association between the MD and the metric, the magnitude of observed associations (odds ratios, rate ratios, or regression coefficients associated with 5-dB decrements in MD), and the extent of variability in the metric explained by the model (R(2)). Similar associations of similar magnitude also were noted for the subgroup of subjects with glaucoma and subjects in whom better-eye and IVF MD differed by ≥ 2 dB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IVF MD rarely differs from better-eye MD, and similar associations between VF loss and visual disability are obtained using either MD. Unlike better-eye MD, IVF measurements require extra software/calculation. As such, information from studies using better-eye MD can be more easily integrated into clinical decision-making, making better-eye MD a robust and meaningful method for reporting VF loss severity.
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: arora.karun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karun S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Joan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jefferys
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sheila K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Pradeep Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Ramulu
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*