title: HTCC-modified nanoclay for tissue engineering applications: a synergistic cell growth and antibacterial efficiency.
abstract: This paper deals with the synthesis of a biocompatible chitosan ammonium salt N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) and using it in montmorillonite ion-exchange process. HTCC-modified montmorillonite (Mt) with different chemical ratios was successfully synthesized, and their characteristics have been verified by XRD and FTIR analyses. Produced samples have been evaluated in terms of antibacterial efficiency and biocompatibility (cell culture test). Antibacterial efficiency of synthesized HTCC/Mt samples has been confirmed against both gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The results disclosed that the antibacterial efficiency of HTCC-modified montmorillonite was unexpectedly even more than HTCC. This excellent synergistic effect has been referred to entrapping bacteria between the intercalated structures of HTCC-modified montmorillonite. Then HTCC on clay layers can seriously attack and damage the entrapped bacteria. An extraordinary biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell growth even more than tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) have been recorded in the case of this novel kind of modified clay. Due to existing concerns about serious and chronic infections after implant placement, this natural-based bioactive and antibacterial modified clay can be used in electrospun nanofibers and other polymeric implants with promising mechanical properties for tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliabadi
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dastjerdi
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabiri
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D001546:Bentonite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077215:Clay; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C550160:N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D001546:Bentonite; D048271:Chitosan; D000077215:Clay