title: LPS induces mediators of neuroinflammation, cell proliferation, and GFAP expression in human astrocytoma cells U373MG: the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect of guggulipid.
abstract: Neuroinflammation has been considered to be an integrated part of human neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of guggulipid on cell proliferation, nitrite release, interleukin IL-6 and IL-1 beta release, and expression of COX-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in LPS-stimulated U373MG cells. LPS significantly stimulated human astrocytoma cells U373MG by up-regulating these neuroinflammatory mediators. Guggulipid alone had no effect on the cell proliferation of U373MG cells. The up regulation in nitrite release, cell proliferation, and release of IL-6 and IL-1 beta in LPS stimulated human astrocytoma cells were dose-dependently inhibited by co-treatment with guggulipid. The expression level of COX-2 and GFAP proteins was up regulated by LPS but the increased level of COX-2 and GFAP was significantly down regulated by treatment with guggulipid. These data indicate that guggulipid has a modulatory effect on all these parameters, which might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of neuroinflammation-associated disorders directly relating to human aspects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rituraj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niranjan
authors.forename: Rajasekar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.forename: Chandishwar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D029744:Commiphora; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053149:Plant Gums; C018562:guggulu extract; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human