title: Beneficial influence of carvedilol on urologic indices in patients with hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a randomized, crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of carvedilol, an α- and β-blocker, on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urine flow in hypertensive patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty men were included in this double blind crossover study with placebo. After initial screening, participants were randomized to the carvedilol or the enalapril group, with cross over after 3 months. Doses of both drugs were uptitrated or additional therapy was introduced to ensure normal control of blood pressure (BP). Urologic assessment included uroflowmetry (average [Qavg] and maximum urinary flow rate [Qmax]), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After carvedilol or enalapril administration, BP values were significantly reduced, whereas heart rate decreased only in the carvedilol group. Basal urologic values for carvedilol and enalapril were similar: Qavg, 7.8 ± 0.9 and 8.1 ± 0.6 mL/s; Qmax, 13.2 ± 1.5 and 13.7 ± 0.9 mL/s; PVR, 86.1 ± 13.2 and 85.6 ± 11.7 mL; and IPSS, 13.2 ± 0.9 and 12.3 ± 0.8 points, respectively. After treatment with carvedilol, PVR and IPSS significantly decreased (48.2 ± 11.7 mL, 9.0 ± 0.8 points, respectively; P <.001), whereas Qavg and Qmax increased (10.3 ± 0.9 mL/s, 16.5 ± 1.4 mL/s, respectively; P <.001). In the enalapril group, all of these values remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carvedilol, compared with enalapril, has a positive influence on LUTS related to BPH in patients with hypertension. Thus, therapy with carvedilol may be considered in hypertensive patients with BPH. Further studies on the urologic benefit from long-term use of the drug are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Diseases, Hypertension and Angiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinski
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Symonides
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korecki
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rogowski
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Judycki
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieczych
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Możeńska
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gaciong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D053448:Prostatism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D004656:Enalapril; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen