title: Glycation and transglutaminase mediated glycosylation of fish gelatin peptides with glucosamine enhance bioactivity.
abstract: A mixture of novel glycopeptides from glycosylation between cold water fish skin gelatin hydrolysates and glucosamine (GlcN) via transglutaminase (TGase), as well as glycation between fish gelatin hydrolysate and GlcN were identified by their pattern of molecular distribution using MALDI-TOF-MS. Glycated/glycosylated hydrolysates showed superior bioactivity to their original hydrolysates. Alcalase-derived fish skin gelatin hydrolysate glycosylated with GlcN in the presence of TGase at 25°C (FAT25) possessed antioxidant activity when tested in a linoleic acid oxidation system, when measured according to its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and when tested at the cellular level with human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells as target cells. In addition, Alcalase-derived glycosylated hydrolysates showed specificity toward the inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The Flavourzyme-derived glycopeptides prepared at 37°C (FFC37 and FFT37) showed better DPPH scavenging activity than their native hydrolysates. The glycated Flavourzyme-derived hydrolysates were found to act as potential antimicrobial agents when incubated with E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences (ALES), University of Alberta, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
authors.forename: Pui Khoon
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gottardi
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ndagijimana
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000032:analysis*; D006031:Glycosylation; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D005780:Gelatin; D011503:Transglutaminases; D005944:Glucosamine
keywords: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; Alc; Alcalase; B. subtilis; Bacillus subtilis; DH; DPPH; E. coli; Escherichia coli; Fish skin gelatin; Flavourzyme; Flv; GlcN; Gln; Glucosamine; Glycopeptides; HepG2; Hydrolysates; MALDI-TOF-MS; MBC; MIC; MRP; MW; Maillard reaction product; Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry; SEC; TGase; Transglutaminase; degree of hydrolysis; glucosamine; glutamine; human hepatocarcinoma cells; minimal bactericidal concentration; minimal inhibitory concentration; molecular weight; size exclusion chromatography; transglutaminase