title: Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.
abstract: We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness. They contain known and previously unknown bacterial species at different proportions; individuals with a low bacterial richness (23% of the population) are characterized by more marked overall adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and a more pronounced inflammatory phenotype when compared with high bacterial richness individuals. The obese individuals among the lower bacterial richness group also gain more weight over time. Only a few bacterial species are sufficient to distinguish between individuals with high and low bacterial richness, and even between lean and obese participants. Our classifications based on variation in the gut microbiome identify subsets of individuals in the general white adult population who may be at increased risk of progressing to adiposity-associated co-morbidities.
authors.affiliation: INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, US1367 Metagenopolis, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Le Chatelier
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Edi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prifti
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falony
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Manimozhiyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Batto
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kristoffer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burgdorf
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grarup
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brandslund
authors.forename: Henrik Bjørn
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Agnieszka S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Juncker
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertalan
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levenez
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tap
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tims
authors.forename: Erwin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Zoetendal
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brunak
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleerebezem
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renault
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sicheritz-Ponten
authors.forename: Willem M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: Jean-Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bork
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S Dusko
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Oluf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000382:microbiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013851:Thinness / Q000382:microbiology; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers