title: Function and plasticity of the medial olivocochlear system in musicians: a review.
abstract: The outer hair cells of the organ of Corti are the target of abundant efferent projections from the olivocochlear system. This peripheral efferent auditory subsystem is currently thought to be modulated by central activity via corticofugal descending auditory system, and to modulate active cochlear micromechanics. Although the function of this efferent subsystem remains unclear, physiological, psychophysical, and modeling data suggest that it may be involved in ear protection against noise damage and auditory perception, especially in the presence of background noise. Moreover, there is mounting evidence that its activity is modulated by auditory and visual attention. A commonly used approach to measure olivocochlear activity noninvasively in humans relies on the suppression of otoacoustic emissions by contralateral noise. Previous studies have found substantial interindividual variability in this effect, and statistical differences have been observed between professional musicians and non-musicians, with stronger bilateral suppression effects in the former. In this paper, we review these studies and discuss various possible interpretations for these findings, including experience-dependent neuroplasticity. We ask whether differences in olivocochlear function between musicians and non-musicians reflect differences in peripheral auditory function or in more central factors, such as top-down attentional modulation.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon F-69000, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon F-69500, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Teaching Hospital, Department of Audiology and Orofacial Explorations, Pierre-Bénite F-69310, France. Electronic address: xavier.perrot@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Perrot
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon F-69000, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon F-69500, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Teaching Hospital, Department of Audiology and Orofacial Explorations, Pierre-Bénite F-69310, France. Electronic address: lionel.collet@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collet
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009622:Noise; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound; D013045:Species Specificity