title: Defining a comprehensive verotype using electronic health records for personalized medicine.
abstract: The burgeoning adoption of electronic health records (EHR) introduces a golden opportunity for studying individual manifestations of myriad diseases, which is called 'EHR phenotyping'. In this paper, we break down this concept by: relating it to phenotype definitions from Johannsen; comparing it to cohort identification and disease subtyping; introducing a new concept called 'verotype' (Latin: vere = true, actually) to represent the 'true' population of similar patients for treatment purposes through the integration of genotype, phenotype, and disease subtype (eg, specific glucose value pattern in patients with diabetes) information; analyzing the value of the 'verotype' concept for personalized medicine; and outlining the potential for using network-based approaches to reverse engineer clinical disease subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hripcsak
authors.forename: Yufeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Wendy K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weng
mesh_terms: D004194:Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Electronic Health Records; Genetics; Genotype; Phenotype