title: Coronary artery calcification correlates with the presence and severity of valve calcification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in symptomatic individuals with CT evidence for left heart valve calcification, aortic valve (AVC), mitral valve (MAC) or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of 282 consecutive patients with calcification in either the aortic valve or mitral annulus. Calcium scoring of the coronary artery, aortic and mitral valve was measured using the Agatston score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AVC was more prevalent than MAC (64% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001), with 34% having both. Absence of CAC was noted in 12.7% of the study population. AVC + CAC were observed in 53.5%, MAC and CAC in 2.1%, and combined AVC, MAC and CAC in 31.6%. The median CAC score was higher in individuals with combined AVC+MAC, followed by those with AVC and lowest was in the MAC group. The majority (40%) of individuals with AVC had CAC score >400, and only in 16% had CAC = 0. The same pattern was more evident in individuals with AVC + MAC, where 70% had CAC score >400 and only 6% had CAC score of 0. These results were irrespective of gender. There was no correlation between AVC and MAC but there was modest correlation between CAC score and AVC score (r = 0.28, p = 0.0001), MAC (r = 0.36, p = 0.0001) and with combined AVC + MAC (r = 0.5, p = 0.0001). AVC score of 262 had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 92% for the prediction of presence of CAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence and extent of calcification in the aortic valve or/and mitral valves are associated with severe coronary artery calcification.
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koulaouzidis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicoll
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: MacArthur
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Henein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Aortic valve calcification; Coronary artery calcification; Mitral annulus calcification; Valve calcification