title: Expression of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas and antiproliferative effects of receptor modulators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Predilection of juvenile angiofibromas in adolescent boys has prompted the hypothesis of hormone-dependent tumor growth. However, knowledge on expression and function of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas is still sparse and inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcript and protein expression of sex hormone receptors in juvenile angiofibromas was studied by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistology/fluorescence. A bromodeoxyuridine assay was used to assess the antiproliferative effects of flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist) and tamoxifen (estrogen receptor modulator).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased transcript levels were observed for androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and luteinizing hormone receptor in juvenile angiofibromas versus the stroma of nasal mucosa. Estrogen receptor β and progesterone receptor mRNA levels were low and similar for both tissues. Estrogen receptor α protein was detected in juvenile angiofibroma tumors and mesenchymal cell lines. Flutamide and tamoxifen inhibited proliferation of cultured juvenile angiofibroma mesenchymal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings contribute to the understanding of juvenile angiofibroma pathophysiology and offer novel therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dlugaiczyk
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wendler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000473:pathology*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005485:Flutamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D013629:Tamoxifen; D005485:Flutamide
keywords: androgen receptor; estrogen receptor; follicle-stimulating hormone receptor; juvenile angiofibroma; luteinizing hormone receptor