title: Photo-Fenton effect of 4-chlorophenol in ice.
abstract: The photoconversion of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in a simulated sunlight-Fenton system was investigated in ice and aqueous solution. It was found that the hydroxyl radical (OH) had an important effect on the photoconversion of 4-CP in both phases, but the effects of Cl(-), SO4(2-), NO3(-), and HCO3(-) were different. In aqueous solution, the photoconversion efficiency of 4-CP was proportional to the OH concentration, and hence, Cl(-) and HCO3(-) as OH scavengers prohibited the photoconversion; SO4(2-) had little effect; NO3(-) promoted the process under certain conditions owing to OH being generated by the photolysis of NO3(-). In ice, however, the photoconversion efficiency of 4-CP was not proportional to the concentration of OH. The photoconversion efficiency of 4-CP increased with increasing concentrations of all ions, although the OH remained almost constant, only increasing or decreasing slightly. This provides new evidence for the presence of a quasi-liquid layer (QLL). Hydroxylation products were detected in both phases. All photoproducts in aqueous solution contained only a single benzene ring, whereas in ice, dimers were also detected.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chun-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Han-Fei
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hong-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007053:Ice; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D013472:Sunlight
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007053:Ice; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C029107:4-chlorophenol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron
keywords: 4-Chlorophenol; Ice; Photo-Fenton effect; Photoconversion