title: Smartphones as pocketable labs: visions for mobile brain imaging and neurofeedback.
abstract: Mobile brain imaging solutions, such as the Smartphone Brain Scanner, which combines low cost wireless EEG sensors with open source software for real-time neuroimaging, may transform neuroscience experimental paradigms. Normally subject to the physical constraints in labs, neuroscience experimental paradigms can be transformed into dynamic environments allowing for the capturing of brain signals in everyday contexts. Using smartphones or tablets to access text or images may enable experimental design capable of tracing emotional responses when shopping or consuming media, incorporating sensorimotor responses reflecting our actions into brain machine interfaces, and facilitating neurofeedback training over extended periods. Even though the quality of consumer neuroheadsets is still lower than laboratory equipment and susceptible to environmental noise, we show that mobile neuroimaging solutions, like the Smartphone Brain Scanner, complemented by 3D reconstruction or source separation techniques may support a range of neuroimaging applications and thus become a valuable addition to high-end neuroimaging solutions.
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: arks@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stopczynski
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: csta@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stahlhut
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: mkai@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Michael Kai
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: jaeg@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Jakob Eg
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: cbfj@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Camilla Falk
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: mgiv@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Marieta Georgieva
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: toban@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Tobias S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Section for Cognitive Systems, Building 303B, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Electronic address: lkai@dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Lars Kai
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D040421:Cell Phone; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D058765:Neurofeedback / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D059906:Neuroimaging; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain monitoring; Brain-computer interface; EEG; Mobile sensor; Neuroimaging; Real-time; Source reconstruction