title: Newer modalities in the work-up of peripheral pulmonary nodules.
abstract: Technological advances in recent years have translated into the availability of newer modalities to establish the cause of peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPN). Even though the verdict is still out on the ideal diagnostic modality, there is no doubt that the bronchoscope is becoming a popular tool in the armamentarium of physicians who deal with PPN. This article focuses on newer bronchoscopic modalities being studied for the work-up of PPN. The authors also summarize the value of established diagnostic modalities to provide a balanced perspective.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Tathagat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Machuzak
authors.forename: Atul C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D020680:Bronchoscopes; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Electromagnetic navigation; Endobronchial ultrasound; Flexible bronchoscopy; Peripheral pulmonary nodule; Ultrathin bronchoscopy; Virtual bronchoscopic navigation