title: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison of diffusion and perfusion characteristics between different tumour stages using intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and relationships with different tumour stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively recruited 80 patients with newly diagnosed undifferentiated NPC. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging was performed and IVIM parameters (D, pure diffusion; f, perfusion fraction; D*, pseudodiffusion coefficient) were calculated. Patients were stratified into low and high tumour stage groups based on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and TNM staging for determination of the predictive powers of IVIM parameters using t test, multiple logistic regression and ROC curve analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  D, f and D* were all statistically significantly lower in high-stage groups in AJCC, T and N staging. D, f and D* were all independent predictors of AJCC staging, f and D* were independent predictors of T staging, and D was an independent predictor of N staging. D was most powerful for AJCC and N staging, whereas f was most powerful for T staging. Optimal cut-off values (area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio) were as follows: AJCC stage, D = 0.782 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s (0.915, 93.3 %, 76.2 %, 3.92, 0.09); T staging, f = 0.133 (0.905, 80.5 %, 92.5 %, 10.73, 0.21); N staging, D = 0.761 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s (0.848, 87.5 %, 66.7 %, 2.62, 0.19). Multivariate analysis showed no diagnostic improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has distinctive intravoxel incoherent motion characteristics parameters in different tumour staging, potentially helping pretreatment staging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used to assess nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). • NPC has distinctive diffusion/perfusion characteristics at different stages. • Non-invasive MR imaging may help pretreatment staging prediction. • Diffusion properties of NPC best correlate with AJCC and N staging. • Perfusion properties of NPC best correlate with T staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Room 406, Block K, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, vincentlai@hkcr.org.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Victor Ho Fun
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ka On
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Daniel Yee Tak
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Bingsheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Queenie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Pek Lan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Khong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult