title: Prevention of carcinogenesis and development of gastric and colon cancers by 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one (Phx-3): direct and indirect anti-cancer activity of Phx-3.
abstract: 2-Aminophenoxazine-3-one (Phx-3), an oxidative phenoxazine, exerts strong anticancer effects on various cancer cell lines originating from different organs, in vitro. This article reviews new aspects for the prevention of carcinogenesis and development of gastric and colon cancers by Phx-3, based on the strong anticancer effects of Phx-3 on gastric and colon cancer cell lines (direct anticancer effects of Phx-3 for preventing development of cancer), the bacteriocidal effects of Phx-3 against Helicobacter pylori associated with carcinogenesis of gastric cancer (indirect anticancer effects for preventing carcinogenesis of gastric cancer), and the proapoptotic activity of Phx-3 against human neutrophils involved in the incidence of ulcerative colitis associated with a high colon cancer risk (indirect anticancer effects for preventing carcinogenesis of colon cancer).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan. tomoda@tokyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010078:Oxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010078:Oxazines; C005512:3-aminophenoxazone