title: Protoporphyrin IX-gold nanoparticle conjugates as an efficient photosensitizer in cervical cancer therapy.
abstract: Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) conjugated gold nanoparticle (GNP) was synthesized, characterized, and used for the delivery of a hydrophobic photosensitizer to a cervical cancer cell line. The GNP conjugates have an average diameter of 7nm. The conjugated GNPs were made by a single coupling reaction. Protoporphyrin absorbs radiation at 630nm and catalytically produces the reactive oxygen species in high efficiency. These properties indicate that PpIX-GNP conjugates could be used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) through the formulation of singlet oxygen. The conjugates were tested on Hela cells. PDT efficacy of the system was evaluated with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The effect of photon-induced toxicity was assessed by comparing it with control experiments. Our findings suggest that the PpIX-GNP conjugate is an excellent carrier for the delivery of surface bound hydrophobic protoporphyrin molecule into the cell which makes PpIX-GNP conjugates potential candidates for PDT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1436 Mashhad, Iran. heshghi@um.ac.ir
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eshghi
authors.forename: Ameneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sazgarnia
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahimizadeh
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Attaran
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakavoli
authors.forename: Samaneh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soudmand
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D006046:Gold; C028025:protoporphyrin IX
keywords: Gold nanoparticles; HeLa cells; Photodynamic therapy; Protoporphyrin IX