title: Gelam honey attenuates carrageenan-induced rat paw inflammation via NF-κB pathway.
abstract: The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Gelam honey in inflammation induced rats via NF-κB signalling pathway. Rats paw edema was induced by subplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw. Rats were pre-treated with Gelam honey at different doses (1 or 2 g/kg, p.o.) and NSAID Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), in two time points (1 and 7 days). Our results showed that Gelam honey at both concentrations suppressed the gene expressions of NF-κB (p65 & p50) and IκBα in inflamed rats paw tissues. In addition, Gelam honey inhibited the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB and decreased the cytosolic degradation of IκBα dose dependently in inflamed rats paw tissues. The immunohistochemical expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators COX-2 and TNF-α were also decreased in inflamed rats paw tissues when treated with Gelam honey. The results of our findings suggest that Gelam honey exhibits its inhibitory effects by attenuating NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and inhibiting IκBα degradation, with subsequent decrease of inflammatory mediators COX-2 and TNF-α.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saba Zuhair
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Kamaruddin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohd Yusoff
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makpol
authors.forename: Yasmin Anum
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Mohd Yusof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D006722:Honey; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; C498145:Rela protein, rat; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat