title: Antitumoural effect of Synadenium grantii Hook f. (Euphorbiaceae) latex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Synadenium grantii Hook f. has traditionally been used to treat various neoplastic diseases in southern Brazil.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the antitumoural potential of Synadenium grantii latex against B16F10 melanoma cell line using in vitro and in vivo models, as well as a phytochemical study of the latex.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro antitumoural activity was performed using MTT and trypan blue assays with different latex concentrations (1.7 µg-7.0 µg/well and 1.22 mg-4.88 mg/well). Flow cytometry was used to determine the progression of the cell cycle. The in vivo activity was performed by subcutaneously injecting melanoma cells in the dorsum of C57BL6 mice, followed by treating the mice with a popular form of use of the latex (garrafada) administered orally. After sacrificing the animals, histological analysis of the organs was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The phytochemical study of the latex was performed by NMR and chromatographic procedures and the extracts and isolated substances were evaluated by IR, 1D and 2D NMR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Synadenium grantii latex exhibited decreased cell viability of the melanoma line in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and also cell cycle arrest in the S-G2/M phase. The latex caused a 40% reduction in the volume of tumours of the mice with melanomas. Histological examination of the organs of these animals showed no differences between groups. The phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation and identification of triterpene euphol and the steroid citrostadienol, which were tested against the strain of melanoma. Euphol showed no antitumoural activity, while the steroid citrostadienol showed reduced cytotoxic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Synadenium grantii latex presented in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects with antitumoural activity against B16F10 melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Latansio
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Antônio Carlos Mattar
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Munhoz
authors.forename: Bruna Mikulis
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lemes
authors.forename: Bruno Rodrigo
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Minozzo
authors.forename: Angelita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nepel
authors.forename: Andersson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barison
authors.forename: Giovani Marino
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fávero
authors.forename: Eduardo Bauml
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Campagnoli
authors.forename: Flávio Luís
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Beltrame
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019665:Euphorbiaceae; D007840:Latex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008517:Phytotherapy; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007840:Latex
keywords: Antitumoural; Citrostadienol; Cytotoxicity; Euphol; Euphorbiaceae; Synadenium grantii