title: Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide risk among veterans: a literature review.
abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Suicide is an important cause of death in veterans, and the risk for intentional death continues to be high many years after service. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between PTSD and suicidal behavior among veterans. We also discussed the risk factors of suicide among war veterans with PTSD. A systematic review was conducted focusing on war-related PTSD and suicidal behavior. A total of 80 articles from peer-reviewed journals were identified, 34 were assessed for eligibility, and 16 were included. Having a history of PTSD is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality and increased the risk for suicidal behavior. The association between PTSD and suicidal behavior was confirmed by the presence of other risk factors and high rates of comorbidity. Current suicidal behavior should be adequately assessed in war veterans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy. maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sher
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Innamorati
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dominici
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D002423:Cause of Death; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D047829:Vietnam Conflict; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data