title: Three cases of neonatal tetanus in Papua New Guinea lead to development of national action plan for maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination.
abstract: Maternal or neonatal tetanus causes deaths primarily in Asia and Africa and is usually the result of poor hygiene during delivery. In 2011, three neonatal tetanus cases were investigated in Papua New Guinea, and all three cases were delivered at home by untrained assistants. The babies were normal at birth but subsequently developed spasms. A neonatal tetanus case must be viewed as a sentinel event indicating a failure of public health services including immunization, antenatal care and delivery care. The confirmation of these cases led to the drafting of the Papua New Guinea National Action Plan for Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination. This included three rounds of a tetanus toxoid supplementary immunization campaign targeting women of childbearing age (WBCA) and strengthening of other clean delivery practices. The first immunization round was conducted in April and May 2012, targeting 1.6 million WBCA and achieved coverage of 77%. The government of Papua New Guinea should ensure detailed investigation of all neonatal tetanus cases reported in the health information system and perform subprovincial analysis of tetanus toxoid coverage following completion of all three immunization rounds. Efforts also should be made to strengthen clean delivery practices to help eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus in Papua New Guinea.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea .
authors.forename: Siddharta Sankar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnabas
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sitther
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarenti
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toikilik
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kariwiga
authors.forename: Gerard Pai
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Sui
mesh_terms: D003017:Clostridium tetani / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D013742:Tetanus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D013745:Tetanus Toxoid