title: Processing blur of conflicting stimuli during the latency and onset of accommodation.
abstract: The accommodative response (AR) to changes in dioptric accommodative stimulus (AS) during the latency period and onset of accommodation was investigated. Participants monocularly observed one period of a square wave in AS, with a 2-D baseline and mean, and amplitude 1 D or 2 D; the period of the square wave ranged from 0.10 s to 1.00 s; both increases and decreases were used for the first step in AS. At periods of 0.30s and longer, accommodation was found to respond to both levels of the stimulus. Rapid retinal monitoring appeared to be taking place for such stimuli. The amplitudes of peaks in AR did not usually depend on whether a particular level of AS occurred first or second, but for 8/40 conditions, a significant difference was found, with a stronger response when the level of AS occurred second. Null or incorrect responses were also observed in many trials, possibly linked with the natural microfluctuations of accommodation. Minimum response times to the changes in AS were observed, which increased with decreasing period of the AS. The time interval between peaks in the AR decreased with decreasing period of the AS. The findings were consistent with a parallel processing model previously proposed for saccades, where input from a later change in stimulus may enter an element of the control system when that element has finished processing an earlier change. More than one change in stimulus may therefore be passing through the multi-element control system at a time.
authors.affiliation: Bradford School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.p.curd@student.bradford.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alistair P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Curd
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hampson
authors.forename: Edward A H
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mallen
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D015349:Vision, Monocular; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Accommodation latency; Accommodation response time; Adaptive optics; Dynamic accommodation control; Parallel processing