title: Synaptophysin and the dopaminergic system in hippocampus are involved in the protective effect of rutin against trimethyltin-induced learning and memory impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of rutin against trimethyltin-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in mice. This study focused on the role of synaptophysin, growth-associated protein 43 and the action of the dopaminergic system in mechanisms associated with rutin protection and trimethyltin-induced spatial learning and memory impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive learning and memory was measured by Morris Water Maze. The expression of synaptophysin and growth-associated protein 43 in hippocampus was analyzed by western blot. The concentrations of dopamine, homovanillic acid, and dihyroxyphenylacetic acid in hippocampus were detected using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trimethyltin-induced spatial learning impairment showed a dose-dependent mode. Synaptophysin but not growth-associated protein 43 was decreased in the hippocampus after trimethyltin administration. The concentration of dopamine decreased, while homovanillic acid increased in the hippocampus after trimethyltin administration. Mice pretreated with 20 mg/kg of rutin for 7 consecutive days exhibited improved water maze performance. Moreover, rutin pretreatment reversed the decrease of synaptophysin expression and dopamine alteration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that rutin may protect against spatial memory impairment induced by trimethyltin. Synaptophysin and the dopaminergic system may be involved in trimethyltin-induced neuronal damage in hippocampus.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chun-Hai
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qi-Zhong
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zheng-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D020011:Protective Agents; D016708:Synaptophysin; D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds; C046488:trimethyltin; D012431:Rutin; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Dopaminergic system; Rutin; Spatial memory; Synaptophysin; Trimethyltin