title: Surgical management of extensive jugular paragangliomas: 10-year-experience with a large cohort of patients in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Jugular paraganglioma (JP) is a rare vascular lesion. Surgical treatment is challenging as differing degrees of skull base invasion and cranial nerve infiltration complicate the procedure. The infra-temporal fossa type A (IFTA) approach has been advocated as the primary surgical strategy. However, due to the small number of cases in each report and the different categories of JP, no study has provided concrete results about the effectiveness and safeness of IFTA in treating different categories of JP.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our institutional experience in the management of patients with JP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Records of 89 JP patients were reviewed. The IFTA procedure appears equally effective in preserving lower cranial nerve function for both extradural and intracranial extension JP. Use of the IFTA approach for intracranial JP poses a significant risk of post-operative morbidity including facial nerve dysfunction, tumor recurrence and CSF leak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in the standard IFTA approach are necessary for improved outcomes in patients with intracranial extension JP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wzyent@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhaoyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Facial nerve; Fisch classification; Jugular paraganglioma; Surgical management; Tumor