title: The association of weather and bathing water quality on the incidence of gastrointestinal illness in the west of Scotland.
abstract: The associations with weather and bathing water quality on infectious intestinal disease (IID) were investigated using data from two Scottish NHS Board areas. Monthly counts of viral and non-viral gastrointestinal infections were modelled as a smooth function of temperature, relative humidity and average monthly counts of faecal indicator organisms, respectively, adjusting for season and long-term trend effects. Strong seasonal patterns were observed for each group of pathogens. Peak viral gastrointestinal infection was in May while that of non-viral gastrointestinal infections was in July. A statistically significant negative association existed between weather (temperature and humidity) and viral infection. Average levels of non-viral gastrointestinal infections increased as temperature and relative humidity increased. Increasing levels of faecal indicator organisms in bathing waters were also associated with an increase in the average number of viral and non-viral gastrointestinal infections at the ecological level. Future climate change and prolonged precipitation events may result in increasing levels of faecal indicator organisms in bathing waters leading to likely increases in IIDs.
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Eze
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.affiliation: Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stidson
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001493:Bathing Beaches; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008954:Models, Biological; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014887:Weather