title: Evaluation of the wound healing property of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rhizomes of Boesenbergia longiflora (Wall.) Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) have been traditionally used for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, aphthous ulcer and abscess by decoction with alcohol.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The rhizomes of Boesenbergia longiflora were carried out to investigate for anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities in order to support the traditional use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ethanolic extract of Boesenbergia longiflora and its fractions were tested using relevant in vitro anti-inflammatory and wound healing assays. For the in vitro studies, murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and mouse fibroblast L929 cells were assessed for anti-inflammatory and fibroblast stimulatory activities, respectively. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model as well as acute toxicity estimated by the up-and-down method in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study has demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes possesses a potent anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities. Among the isolated fractions, the CHCl3 fraction showed potent anti-inflammatory effect through nitric oxide inhibitory activity (IC50=5.5 μg/ml) and reduction of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (ED50=222.7 mg/kg), whereas this fraction exhibited wound healing property via fibroblast migration on both day 1 (77.3%) and day 2 (100%) as well as enhanced collagen production (187.5 μg/ml) at concentration of 3 μg/ml, compared to that of the controls, 39.4% for fibroblast and 60.8 μg/ml for collagen, respectively. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the CHCl3 fraction is found to suppress the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scientific investigation of wound healing activity of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes support the Thai traditional uses for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, aphthous ulcer and abscess. The EtOH extract and CHCl3 fraction exert potential wound healing property through NO inhibition, anti-oxidant effect and stimulation of fibroblast migration and collagen production. The phytochemical screening revealed that the CHCl3 fraction of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes contains diarylheptanoids, flavonoids and terpenes. The isolation of the compounds responsible for the wound healing effect is now in progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Teeratad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sudsai
authors.forename: Chatchai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wattanapiromsakul
authors.forename: Titpawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakpheng
authors.forename: Supinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewtrakul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027343:Rhizome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D030521:Zingiberaceae
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002351:Carrageenan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Boesenbergia longiflora; L929 fibroblast cells; RAW264.7 macrophage cells; Wound healing effect