title: Determination of paclitaxel distribution in solid tumors by nano-particle assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging.
abstract: A sensitive, simple and reproducible protocol for nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging technique is described. The use of commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles abolishes heterogeneous crystallization, matrix background interferences and enhances signal detection, especially in the low mass range. Molecular image normalization was based on internal standard deposition on tissues, allowing direct comparison of drug penetration and distribution between different organs and tissues. The method was applied to analyze the distribution of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, inside normal and neoplastic mouse tissue sections. Spatial resolution was good, with a linear response between different in vivo treatments and molecular imaging intensity using therapeutic drug doses. This technique distinguishes the different intensity of paclitaxel distribution in control organs of mice, such as liver and kidney, in relation to the dose. Animals treated with 30 mg/kg of paclitaxel had half of the concentration of those treated with 60 mg/kg. We investigated the spatial distribution of paclitaxel in human melanoma mouse xenografts, following different dosage schedules and found a more homogeneous drug distribution in tumors of mice given repeated doses (5×8 mg/kg) plus a 60 mg/kg dose than in those assigned only a single 60 mg/kg dose. The protocol can be readily applied to investigate anticancer drug distribution in neoplastic lesions and to develop strategies to optimize and enhance drug penetration through different tumor tissues.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Oncology, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Lavinia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morosi
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucchetti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pretto
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrà
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Incalci
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giavazzi
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002138:Calibration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017239:Paclitaxel