title: Cardiovascular effects of abduction shoulder sling in elderly patients; is it really safe?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the prospective study is to investigate the cardiovascular effects of abduction shoulder sling (ASS) in elderly patients who underwent rotator cuff surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 49 consecutive patients older than 50 years (mean 59.3 ± 8.2 years) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery and used ASS in postoperative period. All cases underwent Holter electrocardiographic monitoring before (24 h) and after (48 h) the operation. The Holter findings were read by an experienced cardiologist and a pause of longer than 3 s and heart rate of <40 bpm was evaluated as significant bradycardia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient (61-year-old male) described feeling faint (presyncope) which was confirmed with the Holter finding of a pause more than 3 s which occurred in the day time. Two other patients (52-year-old male, and 62-year-old female) reported severe dizziness (hypotensive attack) which required admission to a general practitioner. However, Holter findings were normal in these patients. These three cases were referred to cardiology department for evaluation of carotid hypersensitivity syndrome (CSH). CSH was confirmed with tests made with provocative maneuvers in a sitting position. CSH was defined as at least 3 s of asystole (cardio-inhibitor type) during carotid massage or systolic blood pressure falling below 50 mmHg (vaso-depressor type). All three patients were obese patients and BMI was higher than 30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASS may trigger CSH in short necked and obese patients by exerting mechanical stimulation to the carotid sinus. These patients should be informed about symptoms and signs of CSH and educated on the proper use of ASS and correct positioning of shoulder strap. CSH should be kept in mind in patients who present with dizziness, presyncope and palpitation during the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kerem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Canbora
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kose
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gurkan
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Sevki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haklar
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D012782:Shoulder