title: In vivo imaging of human retinal microvasculature using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiography.
abstract: The adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) allows visualization of microscopic structures of the human retina in vivo. In this work, we demonstrate its application in combination with oral and intravenous (IV) fluorescein angiography (FA) to the in vivo visualization of the human retinal microvasculature. Ten healthy subjects ages 20 to 38 years were imaged using oral (7 and/or 20 mg/kg) and/or IV (500 mg) fluorescein. In agreement with current literature, there were no adverse effects among the patients receiving oral fluorescein while one patient receiving IV fluorescein experienced some nausea and heaving. We determined that all retinal capillary beds can be imaged using clinically accepted fluorescein dosages and safe light levels according to the ANSI Z136.1-2000 maximum permissible exposure. As expected, the 20 mg/kg oral dose showed higher image intensity for a longer period of time than did the 7 mg/kg oral and the 500 mg IV doses. The increased resolution of AOSLO FA, compared to conventional FA, offers great opportunity for studying physiological and pathological vascular processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye & Ear Infirmary, 310 E 14th St, New York, NY 10003, USA ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA ; Contributed equally to this manuscript and should be considered joint first authors.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinhas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubow
authors.forename: Nishit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Toco Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scoles
authors.forename: Yusufu N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Sulai
authors.forename: Rishard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubra
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Rosen
keywords: (110.1080) Active or adaptive optics; (170.1610) Clinical applications; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.4470) Ophthalmology; (330.5380) Physiology