title: Microwave coagulation therapy and drug injection to treat splenic injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study compares the efficacy of 915- and 2450-MHz contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-guided percutaneous microwave coagulation with that of CEUS-guided thrombin injection for the treatment of trauma-induced spleen hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a canine splenic artery hemorrhage model with two levels of arterial diameter (A, <1 mm and B, between 1 and 2 mm), hemostatic therapy was performed using 915- and 2450-MHz microwaves and drug injection. Therapy efficacy was measured by comparing bleeding rate, hemostatic time, bleeding index, bleeding volume, and pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most efficient technique was CEUS-guided 915-MHz percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy in terms of action time and total blood loss. The success rate of the 915-MHz microwave group was higher than that of the 2450-MHz microwave and the drug injection groups (except A level, P < 0.05). Hemostatic time, bleeding index, and bleeding volume were significantly less in the 915-MHz microwave group than those in the 2450-MHz microwave and drug injection groups (P < 0.05). Obvious degeneration and necrosis of parenchyma and large intravascular thrombosis were observed in the cavity of larger vessels in the 915-MHz microwave group, but pathologic changes of light injury could be seen in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides evidence that microwave coagulation therapy is more efficient than thrombin injection for the treatment of splenic hemorrhage. Furthermore, treatment with 915-MHz microwaves stops bleeding more rapidly and generates a wider cauterization zone than does treatment with 2450-MHz microwaves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Guoming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Nannan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lanfen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D007267:Injections; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: 915-MHz microwaves; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound guided; Drug injection; Percutaneous treatment; Splenic artery injury