title: Control of Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) in peach orchards.
abstract: Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is considered a major pest in temperate fruit trees, such as peach and apple. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are regarded as viable for pest management control due to their efficiency against tortricid in these trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of native EPNs from Rio Grande do Sul state against pre-pupae of G. molesta under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, pre-pupae of G. molesta were placed in corrugated cardboard sheets inside glass tubes and exposed to 17 different EPNs strains at concentrations of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 IJs/cm(2) and maintained at 25 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and photophase of 16 h. Insect mortality was recorded 72 h after inoculation of EPNs. Steinernema rarum RS69 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora RS33 were the most virulent strains and selected for field application (LC95 of 70.5 and 53.8 IJs/cm(2), respectively). Both strains were highly efficient under field conditions when applied in aqueous suspension directed to larvae on peach tree trunk, causing mortality of 94 and 97.0%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos e Controle Biológico, FAEM/UFPel, 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Ruth
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Barbosa Negrisoli
authors.forename: Aldomario Santo
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Negrisoli
authors.forename: Mauro Silveira
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dolinski
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D007814:Larva / Q000469:parasitology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009036:Moths / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D027861:Prunus / Q000469:parasitology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017168:Rhabditida / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence
keywords: Biocontrol; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Oriental fruit moth; Steinernema rarum; Tortricid