title: A novel method for purification of Vi capsular polysaccharide produced by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi.
abstract: Vi capsular polysaccharide is the major component of Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccines. Vi is synthesized during growth of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi and is released into the fermentation broth in large quantities. Along with the Vi considerable amounts of impurities consisting of bacterial protein, nucleic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as media components contaminate the fermentation broth. A purification method based on selective precipitation of Vi using the cationic detergent cetavlon was developed to separate impurities from Vi. A novel method for handling the Vi precipitate using 0.2 μm sterilizing grade filters to trap and wash the Vi and then, after re-solubilization, allow the Vi to pass through the filter was developed. Cetavlon selectively precipitates Vi and is the major purification step in the process, however, the conditions must be carefully controlled otherwise LPS will co-precipitate in large quantities. Various diafiltration steps help to remove contaminating protein, nucleic acid and fermentation media components as well as chemicals added during the process to induce precipitation of either Vi or contaminants. The final yield of purified Vi was approximately 45% and the bulk concentrate complied with the specifications defined in the WHO recommendations for Vi polysaccharide vaccine. Analysis of the Vi by size exclusion chromatography revealed a uniform peak with a narrow size distribution. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrum was similar to Vi produced by other methods. The method developed produces large quantities of Vi using low cost production methods translating into Vi based vaccines that can be produced at affordable prices for use in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Development Section, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, San 4-8, Nakseongdae-dong, Gwanak-gu 151-919, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyungkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sudeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: Jeong-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeon Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: So Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Woo Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carbis
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000378:metabolism*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C054154:capsular polysaccharide, Salmonella
keywords: Polysaccharide purification; Salmonella Typhi; Typhoid vaccine; Vi polysaccharide