title: Age differences in wisdom-related knowledge: does the age relevance of the task matter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Contrary to lay theories, past work does not suggest robust age differences in wisdom-related knowledge across the adult life span. This study investigated a potential moderator of age differences in wisdom-related knowledge: The age relevance of a given wisdom task.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this moderator, 192 participants covering the adult life span were asked to think aloud about a traditional vignette-based wisdom task with no particular age relevance and about newly developed tasks of problems that arguably are particularly salient in young adulthood, namely, marital conflicts. These tasks were presented as vignette and as naturalistic video clips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Replicating earlier work, there were no linear age differences in wisdom-related knowledge as elicited by the traditional age-neutral wisdom task. However, both vignette-based and video-based tasks about marital conflict elicited greater wisdom-related knowledge in younger than in older adults. Young adults' greater actual experience and openness to marital conflict contributed to these age differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for the idea that age differences in wise reasoning about fundamental life issues depend on the relevance of age-normative problems in individuals' own lives. This suggests that any phase of life offers opportunities for the attainment of wisdom-related strengths as long as an individual is willing and able to actively engage in life's ongoing challenges.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Germany. stefanie.thomas@uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kunzmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adult life span; Age relevance; Ecological validity; Marital conflict; Wisdom-related knowledge.