title: A review of the hemodynamic effects of external leg and lower body compression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  External leg and lower body compression (ELC) has been used for decades in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis and the treatment of leg ischemia. Because of systemic effects, the methods have regained interest in anesthesia, surgery and critical care. This review intends to summarize hemodynamic effects and their mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compilation of relevant literature published in English as full paper and retrieved from Medline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By compressing veins, venous stasis is diminished and venous return and arterial blood flow are increased. ELC has been suggested to improve systemic hemodynamics, in different clinical settings, such as postural hypotension, anesthesia, surgery, shock, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation. However, the hemodynamic alterations depend upon the magnitude, extent, cycle, duration and thus the modality of ELC, when applied in a static or intermittent fashion (by pneumatic inflation), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ELC may help future research and optimizing treatment of hemodynamically unstable, surgical or critically ill patients, independent of plasma volume expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands - a.b.j.groeneveld@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gommers
authors.forename: A B J
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
mesh_terms: D005676:Gravity Suits; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053828:Stockings, Compression