title: The effects of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) on cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) are uncontrollable nocturnal movements that occur during sleep and increase with age. Research has implicated PLMS as a contributing factor to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this manuscript is to 1) explain the sleep disorder of PLMS and implications on CVD; 2) identify the impact of PLMS on CVD; 3) discuss treatment options for PLMS; 4) present future research needs for PLMS/RLS; 5) provide implications to health care providers to improve the care and health outcomes of persons with PLMS.
authors.affiliation: Capstone College of Nursing, University of Alabama, 2108 LaVera Drive, Tuscaloosa, AL 35404, USA. ncuellar@ua.edu
authors.forename: Norma G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Cuellar
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017286:Polysomnography; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: BP; CV; CVD; Cardiovascular disease; EEG; EOG; ESRD; HR; HRV; HTN; Hypertension; OR; OSA; PLMD; PLMS; PSG; Periodic limb movements in sleep; REM; RLS; blood pressure; cardiovascular; cardiovascular disease; electroencephalogram; electrooculogram; end-stage renal disease; heart rate; heart rate variability; hypertension; obstructive sleep apnea; odds ratio; periodic limb movement disorder; periodic limb movements in sleep; polysomnography; rapid eye movement; restless legs syndrome