title: Pneumococcal disease in the Arabian Gulf: recognizing the challenge and moving toward a solution.
abstract: Pneumococcal disease has substantial incidence, morbidity and mortality in older adults. Decreased birth rates and longer lifespans indicate that the global population is aging, although rates of aging differ between countries [1]. In 2010, the proportion of the population aged >60 years in the general Arab Region was 7%, and this proportion is expected to rise to 19% by 2050 for the region as a whole [2]; the United Nations estimates for the individual countries of the Arabian Gulf by 2050 are 25.7%, 24.9%, 20.7%, 26.7% and 10.5% in the Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman, respectively, which are comparable to the 26.9% predicted for the USA and lower than that predicted in European countries, in which the 2050 estimates are 32.7%, 34.0% and 38.1% for France, the UK and Germany, respectively [1]. Globally and in the Gulf Region, pneumococcal disease is an increasingly important public health burden in the elderly. The burden of pneumococcal disease can be reduced by effective vaccination programs, but the recommendations on pneumococcal vaccination in adults vary widely. The major barriers to vaccine implementation among healthcare professionals are an incomplete awareness of pneumococcal disease and the vaccination options in adults. The Gulf Advocate Group calls for healthcare providers in the countries of the Arabian Gulf (Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman) to support awareness and education programs about adult pneumococcal disease, particularly in high-risk groups such as those >65 years of age, those with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hematological malignancy, organ and bone marrow transplantation or chronic kidney or lung diseases and pilgrims undertaking the Hajj to improve pneumococcal disease surveillance and optimize and disseminate recommendations for adult vaccination. The Gulf Advocate Group recommends following the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for pneumococcal vaccination [3,4].
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: charles.feldman@wits.ac.za.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdulkarim
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alattar
authors.forename: Faryal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Lawati
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al Khatib
authors.forename: Muna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Maslamani
authors.forename: Idris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al Obaidani
authors.forename: Mosaab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Salah
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farghaly
authors.forename: Entesar H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Eiman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mokadas
mesh_terms: D018643:Arab World; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); Elderly adults; Hajj pilgrims; Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD); Pneumococcal vaccines; Type 2 diabetes; Vaccination