title: Engineered fungal polyketide biosynthesis in Pichia pastoris: a potential excellent host for polyketide production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyketides are one of the most important classes of secondary metabolites and usually make good drugs. Currently, heterologous production of fungal polyketides for developing a high potential industrial application system with high production capacity and pharmaceutical feasibility was still at its infancy. Pichia pastoris is a highly successful system for the high production of a variety of heterologous proteins. In this work, we aim to develop a P. pastoris based in vivo fungal polyketide production system for first time and evaluate its feasibility for future industrial application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A recombinant P. pastoris GS115-NpgA-ATX with Aspergillus nidulans phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPtase) gene npgA and Aspergillus terrus 6-methylsalicylic acid (6-MSA) synthase (6-MSAS) gene atX was constructed. A specific compound was isolated and identified as 6-MSA by HPLC, LC-MS and NMR. Transcription of both genes were detected. In 5-L bioreactor, the GS115-NpgA-ATX grew well and produced 6-MSA quickly until reached a high value of 2.2 g/L by methanol induction for 20 hours. Thereafter, the cells turned to death ascribing to high concentration of antimicrobial 6-MSA. The distribution of 6-MSA changed that during early and late induction phase it existed more in supernatant while during intermediate stage it mainly located intracellular. Different from 6-MSA production strain, recombinant M. purpureus pksCT expression strains for citrinin intermediate production, no matter PksCT located in cytoplasm or in peroxisomes, did not produce any specific compound. However, both npgA and pksCT transcripted effectively in cells and western blot analysis proved the expression of PPtase. Then the PPTase was expressed and purified, marked by fluorescent probes, and reacted with purified ACP domain and its mutant ACPm of PksCT. Fluoresence was only observed in ACP but not ACPm, indicating that the PPTase worked well with ACP to make it bioactive holo-ACP. Thus, some other factors may affect polyketide synthesis that include activities of the individual catalytic domains and release of the product from the synthase of PksCT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An efficient P. pastoris expression system of fungal polyketides was successfully constructed. It produced a high production of 6-MSA and holds potential for future industrial application of 6-MSA and other fungal polyketides.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. cmh022199@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Menghao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Siwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiangshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuanxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D010843:Pichia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D061065:Polyketides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D061065:Polyketides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C087192:polyketide synthase ketoreductase