title: Myeloid cells in atherosclerosis: a delicate balance of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory mechanisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerosis is chronic disease, whose progression is orchestrated by the balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Various myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils can be found in normal and atherosclerotic aortas, in which they regulate inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis. The lineage relationship between blood monocyte subsets and the various phenotypes and functions of myeloid cells in diseased aortas is under active investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various subsets of myeloid cells play diverse roles in atherosclerosis. This review discusses new findings in phenotypic and functional characterization of different subsets of macrophages, in part determined by the transcription factors IRF5 and Trib1, and dendritic cells, characterized by the transcription factor Zbtb46, in atherosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved understanding proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of macrophages and dendritic cell functions is needed for better preventive and therapeutic measures in atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA. ekoltsova@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ekaterina K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Koltsova
authors.forename: Catherine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C431713:IRF5 protein, human; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C493170:TRIB1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C574225:Zbtb46 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases