title: Panfacial fractures: an approach to management.
abstract: Panfacial fractures are defined as fractures involving the lower, middle, and upper face. Treatment can be challenging and requires an individualized treatment plan. A firm understanding of the treatment principles of each individual fracture is necessary before attempting to tackle the patient with panfacial fractures. Advances in rigid fixation, wide exposure, primary bone grafting, and attention to soft tissue reattachment have significantly improved the treatment of the patient with panfacial fractures.
authors.affiliation: FACES, Women and Children's Hospital, 830 Pennsylvania, Charleston, WV 25302, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Bruce B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Horswell
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016268:Internal Fixators; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Injury; Panfacial fracture; Reconstruction; Treatment