title: Study of oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells exposed to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were to determine oxidative stress and to explore possible reasons of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in human lens epithelial (HLE) B3 cells exposed to low intensity 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields (RF).
  
  
  METHODS
  The HLE B3 cells were divided into RF exposure and RF sham-exposure groups. The RF exposure intensity was at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2, 3, or 4 W/kg. The ROS levels were measured by a fluorescent probe 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay in the HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz RF for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 h. Lipid peroxidation and cellular viability were detected by an MDA test and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, respectively, in the HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz RF for 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. The mRNA expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx1 genes and the expression of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx1 proteins was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays in the HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz RF for 1 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ROS and MDA levels significantly increased (P<0.05) in the RF exposure group and that the cellular viability, mRNA expression of four genes, and expression of four proteins significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the RF sham-exposure group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress is present in HLE B3 cells exposed to 1.8 GHz low-intensity RF and that the increased production of ROS may be related to down-regulation of four antioxidant enzyme genes induced by RF exposure.
authors.affiliation: Eye Center, Second Affiliated Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kairan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011846:Radio Waves; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species