title: Antecedents of university students' hookah smoking intention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine antecedents of university students' intention to smoke hookah using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) as a conceptual framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sampled students at a US university using 3 strategies: intercept interviews (N = 62) with hookah smokers and nonsmokers; 3 focus groups (smokers only N = 21); and online survey (N = 369). We evaluated TRA constructs regarding intention to smoke hookah and used factor analysis to identify antecedent domains concerning attitudes toward hookah smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three domains emerged: benefits, negative health effects, meeting expectations. Attitudes toward hookah smoking were more positively correlated with intention than was subjective norm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benefits and attitudes were strong determinants of future intention.
authors.affiliation: University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA. MMartinasek@ut.edu
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martinasek
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bryant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D014495:Universities