title: Acute and chronic effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline mixtures in Ceriodaphnia dubia.
abstract: Ceriodaphnia dubia were tested to evaluate the acute and chronic interactive effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline. Observed effects were compared with 2 reference toxicity models, the concentration addition model and the independent action model. Results indicate that the 2 drugs exhibit additive toxicity in C. dubia. In some cases, individually sublethal concentrations of the chemicals resulted in 100% mortality when combined, demonstrating the potentially severe impact of trace environmental contaminants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Goolsby
authors.forename: Chase M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.forename: Alex M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Marsha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects*; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004155:Diphenhydramine; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Concentration addition; Independent action; Mixture; Pharmaceutical; Toxic effect