title: Assessment of relationship on excess fluoride intake from drinking water and carotid atherosclerosis development in adults in fluoride endemic areas, China.
abstract: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted to access the relationships between developing carotid artery atherosclerosis through consuming high fluoride in drinking water and its possible mechanism, using the baseline data collected from 585 study subjects. In the cross sectional analysis, subjects were divided into four groups based on the concentrations of fluoride in their drinking water. The range of fluoride concentrations was: normal group (less than 1.20 mg/L), mild group (1.21-2.00 mg/L), moderate group (2.01-3.00 mg/L), and high concentration group (more than 3.01 mg/L). The prevalence rate of carotid artery atherosclerosis in the subjects in each group was found to be 16.13%, 27.22%, 27.10%, and 29.69%, respectively. Significant difference between the prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerosis in the mild, moderate and high fluoride exposure group and in the normal group was observed (P<0.05). In addition, it was found that elevated intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and reduced glutathione peroxidases (GPx) was associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in fluoride endemic areas. The findings of the research study revealed a significant positive relationship between excess fluoride exposure from drinking water and prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerosis in adults living in fluoride endemic areas. The possible mechanism was the excess fluoride induced the decreasing level of GPx causing the systemic inflammation and endothelial activation by oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Yanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Mang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin 150081, China.
authors.forename: Bingyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin 150081, China. Electronic address: hrbmusdj@163.com.
authors.forename: Dianjun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Adults; Atherosclerosis; Drinking water; Excess fluoride intake