title: Etiological evaluation of patients presenting with isolated micropenis to an academic health care center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate etiology of the patients with micropenis presenting to a tertiary health care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study all patients who were referred with a diagnosis of micropenis from October 2009 through October 2010, underwent a complete evaluation including measurement of stretched penile length.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 20 (31 %) among a total of 65 patients, measured stretched penile length was not consistent with the description of micropenis. True presence of micropenis was confirmed in the remaining 45 of total 65 cases (69 %). Etiological cause was determined in 29 patients (44 %) with the most common cause being hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. No etiological cause could be found in 16 patients (25 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In approximately one third of patients the presence of micropenis was not confirmed. The most common causes of misdiagnosis were buried penis due to obesity, erroneous measurement of stretched penile length, and/or lack of knowledge on population standards for penile length. Etiological basis of micropenis is rather heterogeneous. Despite extensive investigations, no causal link was found in around one fourth of cases. Accurate measurement and utilization of internationally accepted standards is utmost important for diagnosis and management of micropenis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tugba Bilmez
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Temiz
authors.forename: Bilgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Ali Kemal
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities*