title: Functional connectivity in the developing brain: a longitudinal study from 4 to 9months of age.
abstract: We characterize the development of intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) from 4 to 9months of age with resting state magnetic resonance imaging performed on sleeping infants without sedative medication. Data is analyzed with independent component analysis (ICA). Using both low (30 components) and high (100 components) ICA model order decompositions, we find that the functional network connectivity (FNC) map is largely similar at both 4 and 9months. However at 9months the connectivity strength decreases within local networks and increases between more distant networks. The connectivity within the default-mode network, which contains both local and more distant nodes, also increases in strength with age. The low frequency power spectrum increases with age only in the posterior cingulate cortex and posterior default mode network. These findings are consistent with a general developmental pattern of increasing longer distance functional connectivity over the first year of life and raise questions regarding the developmental importance of the posterior cingulate at this age.
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA. Electronic address: edamaraju@mrn.org.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damaraju
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caprihan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Functional network connectivity; High model order analysis; Independent component analysis; Intrinsic connectivity networks; Longitudinal study in infants