title: Bioreactor cultivation of anatomically shaped human bone grafts.
abstract: In this chapter, we describe a method for engineering bone grafts in vitro with the specific geometry of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle. The anatomical geometry of the bone grafts was segmented from computed tomography (CT) scans, converted to G-code, and used to machine decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds into the identical shape of the condyle. These scaffolds were seeded with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using spinner flasks and cultivated for up to 5 weeks in vitro using a custom-designed perfusion bioreactor system. The flow patterns through the complex geometry were modeled using the FloWorks module of SolidWorks to optimize bioreactor design. The perfused scaffolds exhibited significantly higher cellular content, better matrix production, and increased bone mineral deposition relative to non-perfused (static) controls after 5 weeks of in vitro cultivation. This technology is broadly applicable for creating patient-specific bone grafts of varying shapes and sizes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway, Room 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Sarindr
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhumiratana
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vunjak-Novakovic
authors.forename: Warren L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Grayson
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes