title: Salivary VIP concentrations are elevated in humans after acute stress.
abstract: Salivary (s)-cortisol, s-amylase, s-DHEA are used extensively in stress research. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is also detectable in saliva using a standard RIA kit. VIP is a 28 amino acid neuropeptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon family of peptides and acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. VIP has also been detected in the parasympathetic nerves enervating the salivary glands. Here we measured the level of s-cortisol, s-DHEA, s-amylase and s-VIP in three different stress exercises of different duration and intensity. The results indicate that a brief intense exercise lasting minutes elicited a stress response with significant increases in s-cortisol, s-DHEA, s-amylase and s-VIP. A less rigorous exercise did not elicit a stress response with no significant increases in s-cortisol, s-DHEA, s-amylase and s-VIP. A longer intense exercise lasting hours elicited a stress response with significant increases only in s-cortisol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ventre
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colonna
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alfano
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moldow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
keywords: Amylase; Cortisol; DHEA; Saliva; Salivary VIP; Stress