title: ICU early mobilization: from recommendation to implementation at three medical centers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and contrast the process used to implement an early mobility program in ICUs at three different medical centers and to assess their impact on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three ICU early mobilization quality improvement projects are summarized utilizing the Institute for Healthcare Improvement framework of Plan-Do-Study-Act.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of the three ICU early mobilization programs required an interprofessional team-based approach to plan, educate, and implement the ICU early mobility program. Champions from each profession-nursing, physical therapy, physician, and respiratory care-were identified to facilitate changes in ICU culture and clinical practice and to identify and address barriers to early mobility program implementation at each institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical ICU at Wake Forest University, the medical ICU at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and the mixed medical-surgical ICU at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Establishing an ICU early mobilization quality improvement program resulted in a reduced ICU and hospital length of stay at all three institutions and decreased rates of delirium and the need for sedation for the patients enrolled in the Johns Hopkins ICU early mobility program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Instituting a planned, structured ICU early mobility quality improvement project can result in improved outcomes and reduced costs for ICU patients across healthcare systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitative Services, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. Heidi.Engel@ucsfmedctr.org
authors.forename: Heidi J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Dale M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gropper
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D015142:Baltimore; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D004434:Early Ambulation / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D009657:North Carolina; D016730:Program Development; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco