title: Immunologic and tissue biocompatibility of flexible/stretchable electronics and optoelectronics.
abstract: Recent development of flexible/stretchable integrated electronic sensors and stimulation systems has the potential to establish an important paradigm for implantable electronic devices, where shapes and mechanical properties are matched to those of biological tissues and organs. Demonstrations of tissue and immune biocompatibility are fundamental requirements for application of such kinds of electronics for long-term use in the body. Here, a comprehensive set of experiments studies biocompatibility on four representative flexible/stretchable device platforms, selected on the basis of their versatility and relevance in clinical usage. The devices include flexible silicon field effect transistors (FETs) on polyimide and stretchable silicon FETs, InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and AlInGaPAs LEDs, each on low modulus silicone substrates. Direct cytotoxicity measured by exposure of a surrogate fibroblast line and leachable toxicity by minimum essential medium extraction testing reveal that all of these devices are non-cytotoxic. In vivo immunologic and tissue biocompatibility testing in mice indicate no local inflammation or systemic immunologic responses after four weeks of subcutaneous implantation. The results show that these new classes of flexible implantable devices are suitable for introduction into clinical studies as long-term implantable electronics.
authors.affiliation: Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gayoung
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun-Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kwanghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seon Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Soung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yuhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Woon-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Rak-Hwan
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Stanley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Seon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yei Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tae-Il
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cassian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Kyung-Mi
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004582:Electronics, Medical; D005260:Female; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D018583:Pliability; D019736:Prostheses and Implants
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: biocompatible electronics; implantation; sensors