title: Reference values and repeatability of buccal mucosal bleeding time in healthy sedated cats.
abstract: Bleeding time is a screening test for the evaluation of primary haemostasis. As there is currently limited information on the reference interval (RI) and repeatability of the test in the cat compared with the dog, the purpose of the study was to establish the RI of buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT) in healthy cats and to investigate the intra-observer repeatability of the test. Fifty-six cats were prospectively enrolled in the study. The animals were deemed to be healthy based on history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and negative serological testing for feline leukaemia and immunodeficiency viruses. All cats were sedated with ketamine, dexmedetomidine and morphine, and the BMBT was sequentially measured in the left and right exposed buccal mucosa following a standardised incision made by a commercially available, disposable, bleeding time device. The mean BMBT was 58.6 s and the RIs ranged from 34 to 105 s (Bootstrap estimation). The intra-observer repeatability was up to 87 s (Bland-Altman plot). The results of this study imply that the combination of ketamine, dexmedetomidine and morphine is a safe and useful sedative protocol allowing for the reliable measurement of BMBT in the cat. The RI of feline BMBT may range from 34 to 105 s and the BMBT may differ by up to 87 s for any two consecutive readings for an individual cat.
authors.affiliation: 1Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Alatzas
authors.forename: Mathios E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mylonakis
authors.forename: Giorgos M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kazakos
authors.forename: Polychronis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kostoulas
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kritsepi-Konstantinou
authors.forename: Zoe S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Polizopoulou
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001760:Bleeding Time / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000662:veterinary*; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D007649:Ketamine; D009020:Morphine