title: Reduction of rectal doses by removal of gas in the rectum during vaginal cuff brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this work was to evaluate whether the volume reduction related to removal of gas in the rectum could be translated in lower doses to organs at risk (OAR) during vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen pairs of brachytherapy planning CT scans derived from 11 patients were re-segmented and re-planned using the same parameters. The only difference between pairs of CTs was the presence or lack of gas in the rectum. The first CT showed the basal status and the second was carried out after gas removal with a tube. A set of values derived from bladder and rectum dose-volume histograms (DVH) and dose-surface histograms (DSH) were extracted. Moreover the cylinder position related to the patient craniocaudal axis was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rectum volume decreased significantly from 77.8 ± 45 to 55.43 ± 17.6 ml (p = 0.0052) after gas removal. Such volume diminution represented a significant reduction on all rectal DVH parameters analyzed except D25 % and D50 %. DSH parameter results were similar to previous ones. A nonsignificant increase of the bladder volume was observed and was associated with an increase of the DVH metrics analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal of gas pockets is a simple and inexpensive maneuver that decreases rectal dose parameters on VBT, which can be translated as a better therapeutic ratio. It also suggests that other actions directed to empty the rectum could have a similar effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), C/Hnos Falcó 37, 02006, Albacete, Spain, ssabaterm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabater
authors.forename: Ma M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sevillano
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Andres
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machin-Hamalainen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arenas
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D009929:Organ Size; D058958:Organs at Risk; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D012007:Rectum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases