title: Effects of chlorpyrifos on the metabolome of the freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of waterborne chlorpyrifos with concentrations of 1 and 100 µg/L for L and H-groups, respectively, on metabolome profiles of carp plasma using (1)H-NMR. Principal component analysis suggests that chlorpyrifos exposure firstly affected in L and H-groups on day 2 or 4, and followed a second effect in both exposure groups on day 14. Levels of metabolites related to the energy production in the body, such as glucose, glycerol, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lactate, alanine, 3-D-hydroxybutyrates and acetoacetate, significantly changed by exposures of chlorpyrifos. Those results suggest that energy production was severely affected in carp. The exposure could also be highly elevated ammonia levels especially in H-group due to severe convulsion in muscle caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity.
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokushi
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Sandipan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: acetylcholinesterase inhibition; chlorpyrifos; fish; metabolomics; plasma