title: Imaging diagnosis and endoscopic treatment for ureteral fibroepithelial polyp prolapsing into the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibroepithelial polyps of ureter prolapsing into the bladder are a rare urological condition. We report the imaging findings and our experience with endoscopic treatment for ureteral fibroepithelial polyps prolapsing into the bladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients with frank pain and hematuria were enrolled. Intravenous urography and computed tomography revealed a ureteral mass with filling defects in affected ureter and mild hydronephrosis. Endoscopic examination showed ureteral polyps prolapsing in the bladder. The histopathologic diagnosis on 4 cases was benign fibroepithelial polyps of ureter. The largest polyps (from 4-10 cm in length) were successfully resected and vaporized by Holmium: YAG laser. A double-pigtail ureteral stent at 7F was placed and left for 6 weeks after the procedure. Neither recurrence nor ureter stricture was observed after up to 12 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteral malignancy must be excluded in cases where a ureteral mass is detected. Endoscopic management is recommended to minimize morbidity and complications in treatment of ureteral fibroepithelial polyps that prolapse into the bladder.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chuanliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhensheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huamao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Chengyao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Anyin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Rongchao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shuxiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yinghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018225:Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011391:Prolapse; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014567:Urography