title: In systemic sclerosis, anxiety and depression assessed by hospital anxiety depression scale are independently associated with disability and psychological factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxious and depressive symptoms are frequent in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). Our objective is to assess their prevalence and association with district and global disability and psychological variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  119 SSc patients were assessed by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Clinical depression and anxiety were defined for HADS score cutoff ≥ 8. Patients were assessed for psychological symptoms (RSES, COPE-NIV), hand (HAMIS, CHFDS, fist closure, and hand opening) and face disability (MHISS, mouth opening), global disability, and fatigue (HAQ, FACIT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both depression and anxiety in SSc are 36%. Depressive patients with comorbid anxiety have higher HADS-D score than patients with depression only (P = 0.001). HADS-A and -D are positively correlated with global disability, hands and mouth disability, fatigue, self-esteem and avoidance coping strategy, and, only HADS-A, also with social support (P < 0.05). By multiple regression, HADS-D is independently associated with FACIT-F (P < 0.001), RSES (P < 0.001), and MHISS total score (P = 0.016), together explaining 50% of variance. HADS-A is independently associated with RSES (P = 0.006), COPE-NIV SA (P = 0.003), COPE-NIV SS (P = 0.008), FACIT-F (P = 0.022), and MHISS mouth opening (P = 0.029), explaining 41% of variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In SSc depression and anxiety correlate to local and global disabilities and psychological characteristics. Depressive patients with comorbid anxiety have higher level of depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Denothe Centre, Careggi Hospital, AOUC, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Firenze, Italy. angedelr@tin.it
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Rosso
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikhaylova
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baccini
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matucci Cerinic
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maddali Bongi
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires