title: Two new saponins from tetraploid jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum), and their anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
abstract: Jiaogulan tea has been commercialised globally. This study investigated the chemical components and health properties of a new jiaogulan genotype, tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Two new saponins, (23S)-21β-O-methyl-3β,20ξ-dihydroxy-12-oxo-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside (4) and 23β-H-3β,20ξ-dihydroxy-19-oxo-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside (5), together with one lactone, 3,5-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (1), and two flavonoids, rutin (2) and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (3), were characterised in the aerial parts of tetraploid jiaogulan. The chemical structures of the five isolated compounds were elucidated by NMR, HR-MS spectra and chemical degradation. The five compounds were also examined and compared with the methanol extract and n-butanol soluble fraction of the jiaogulan for their inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages, and their in vitro α-glucosidase suppressing capacities. The results from this study may be used to promote the potential application of jiaogulan in functional foods.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haisha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Liangli Lucy
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D029774:Gynostemma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057891:Tetraploidy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Gynostemma pentaphyllum; Jiaogulan; NMR; Saponin; α-Glucosidase inhibition