title: Management of "difficult" wounds.
abstract: Pressure sores (PSs) and wounds in immunocompromised children are rather rare conditions. No doubt, their management is often complex and difficult, even for experienced pediatric plastic surgeons. As there are no algorithms for standard care, the therapeutic approach is individual.Successful PS management always implies primary and secondary prevention. With a PS present, rapid relief of pressure is crucial. If local wound care fails to restore skin integrity within a short period of time, surgical defect closure is mandatory. Overall, full-thickness skin grafts and local flap surgery are the most suitable methods regarding result quality, procedure complexity, and risks. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) plays an instrumental role in wound bed preparation before definitive coverage. Recurrence rate is high (the complication). It does not much depend on the surgical technique employed, but rather depends on whether the various pathogenic factors leading to PS can be eliminated or alleviated.In both temporarily and permanently immunocompromised children, wound healing is significantly impaired. At the same time, these patients have no or low host defense activity. Thus, they are at high risk not only for local wound infection but also for potentially life threatening septic complications. Rapid and definitive wound closure is therefore essential. When conservative therapy fails, simple surgical techniques granting rapid and definitive wound closure should be used.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Burn Centre, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meuli
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koenigs
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schiestl
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D054843:Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014945:Wound Healing; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control