title: Characterization of microthermal zones induced by fractional radiofrequency using reflectance confocal microscopy: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The microthermal zone (MTZ) produced by fractional device have been mostly evaluated through histopathologic analysis. Study of ablative type MTZ created by fractional device and skin thermal interaction using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been rarely reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the in vivo human RCM skin images of ablated fractional radiofrequency (RF) treatment to demonstrate the thermal interaction between RF and skin tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three healthy male subjects underwent a single irradiation of fractional RF on the upper back area. The diameter, area, and depth of the MTZ was measured using RCM. Three female domestic swine were used for comparative histopathological study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After RF treatment, crusted holes surrounding pale edematous rings were visible in RCM images. The empty spaces correlated to the location of ablative channels, and the presence of thermal modification zones corresponded to areas with a whitish ring showing high reflectance. Ablation depth increased in proportion to the energy of fractional RF. However, the diameter of the thermal modified zone was relatively constant regardless of RF energy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RCM successfully identified in vivo acute thermal changes after fractional RF. The results obtained in this study provide a clearer picture of tissue-thermal interactions in the skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee Kyeong
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jeong Hwee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ji Hwoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Han Jo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Mu-Hyoung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D013552:Swine
keywords: fractional device; in vivo reflectance confocal microcopy; radiofrequency