title: Development and psychometric testing of the Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Policy makers and healthcare organizations are calling for expansion of the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in primary care settings to assure timely access and high-quality care for the American public. However, many barriers, including those at the organizational level, exist that may undermine NP workforce expansion and their optimal utilization in primary care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study developed a new NP-specific survey instrument, Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire (NP-PCOCQ), to measure organizational climate in primary care settings and conducted its psychometric testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using instrument development design, the organizational climate domain pertinent for primary care NPs was identified. Items were generated from the evidence and qualitative data. Face and content validity were established through two expert meetings. Content validity index was computed. The 86-item pool was reduced to 55 items, which was pilot tested with 81 NPs using mailed surveys and then field-tested with 278 NPs in New York State. SPSS 18 and Mplus software were used for item analysis, reliability testing, and maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire had face and content validity. The content validity index was .90. Twenty-nine items loaded on four subscale factors: professional visibility, NP-administration relations, NP-physician relations, and independent practice and support. The subscales had high internal consistency reliability. Cronbach's alphas ranged from.87 to .95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having a strong instrument is important to promote future research. Also, administrators can use it to assess organizational climate in their clinics and propose interventions to improve it, thus promoting NP practice and the expansion of NP workforce.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. lp2475@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Lusine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poghosyan
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nannini
authors.forename: Stacey R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shaffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D015279:Organizational Culture; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce