title: Blood pressure responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions and the cold pressor test: the GenSalt replication study in rural North China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) study, we observed that blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions and the cold pressor test (CPT) varied greatly among individuals. We conducted a replication study to confirm our previous findings among 695 study participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dietary intervention included a 7-day low sodium (51.3 mmol/day), a 7-day high sodium (307.8 mmol/day), and a 7-day high sodium with potassium supplementation (307.8 mmol sodium and 60 mmol potassium/day). BP measurements were obtained during the baseline and each intervention phase. During the CPT, BP was measured before and at 0, 1, 2, and 4 minutes after the participants immersed their right hand in ice water for 1 minute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic and diastolic BP responses (mean ± SD (range), mm Hg) were 8.1±8.4 (-39.1 to 18.2) and -3.5±5.1 (-25.1 to 11.1) to low sodium, 9.1±8.4 (-13.3 to 33.1) and 4.0±5.4 (-16.0 to 20.7) to high sodium, and -4.6±5.8 (-31.8 to 11.6) and -1.9±4.3 (-16.9 to 14.2) to potassium supplementation, respectively (all P < 0.0001 for comparison with each former phase). The mean maximum systolic and diastolic BP responses to the CPT were 16.5±10.5 (-15.3 to 63.3) and 7.6±6.1 (-8.7 to 39.3), respectively (all P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that there are large variations in BP responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions and to the CPT among individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jichun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Fanghong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Dongshuang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Renping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chung-Shiuan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwander
authors.forename: Dabeeru C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012423:Rural Health; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
keywords: blood pressure; cold pressor test; dietary potassium; hypertension; salt sensitivity; sodium.