title: Applications in environmental risk assessment of leucocyte apoptosis, necrosis and respiratory burst analysis on the European bullhead, Cottus sp.
abstract: The use of a biochemical multi-biomarker approach proved insufficient to obtain clear information about ecosystem health. The fish immune system is considered as an attractive non-specific marker for environmental biomonitoring which has direct implications in individual fitness and population growth. Thus, the present work proposes the use of fish immunomarkers together with more common biochemical biomarkers in sampling conditions optimized to reduce biomarker variability and increase parameter robustness. European bullheads (Cottus sp.) from 11 stations in the Artois-Picardie watershed (France) were sampled. In the multiple discriminant analysis, the sites were highly correlated with apoptosis, respiratory burst, GST and EROD activities. Moreover, the use together of biochemical and immune markers increased the percentage of fish correctly classed at each site and enhanced site separation. This study argues in favor of the utilization of apoptosis, necrosis and respiratory burst for the determination of environmental risk assessment in addition to the set of biochemical biomarkers commonly used in fish.
authors.affiliation: Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4689 Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, Moulin de la Housse, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, B.P. 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. Electronic address: Anne.Bado-Nilles@ineris.fr.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bado-Nilles
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porcher
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Palluel
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geffard
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gagnaire
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Betoulle
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005602:France; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009336:Necrosis; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Apoptosis; Environmental risk assessment; Necrosis; Respiratory burst