title: Experiences, views, and support needs of family members of people with hypoglycemia unawareness: interview study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia unawareness (HU) affects ~25% of people with type 1 diabetes. People with HU are often reliant on family to detect hypoglycemia and treat severe episodes. We explored the impact of HU on family members' lives, their involvement in preventing and managing hypoglycemia, and their information and support needs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study employed an exploratory, qualitative design comprising in-depth interviews with 24 adult family members of persons with type 1 diabetes and HU. RESULTS Family members described restricting their lives so that they could help the person with HU detect and treat hypoglycemia. Some described being very physically afraid of their partner/relative when they had a hypoglycemic episode due to their aggressive and argumentative behavior and personality changes; this could also make treatment administration difficult. Family members also reported feeling anxious and worried about the safety of the person with HU, particularly when they were left unsupervised. These concerns were often precipitated by traumatic events, such as discovering the person with HU in a coma. Family members could neglect their own health and well-being to care for the person with HU and resentment could build up over time. Family members highlighted extensive, unmet needs for information and emotional support; however, some struggled to recognize and accept their own need for help. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a caregiver group currently "in the shadow of the patient" and in urgent need of information and emotional support. Raising awareness among health care professionals is essential, and developing proactive support for family should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Corresponding author: Julia Lawton, j.lawton@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rankin
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Helen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Zoysa
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amiel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001364:Awareness; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D063046:Patient Medication Knowledge; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents