title: The performance of children prenatally exposed to HIV on the A-not-B task in Kilifi, Kenya: a preliminary study.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate early executive functioning in young children from 6-35 months of age. The study involved 319 randomly selected children from the community, 17 HIV exposed but uninfected children and 31 HIV infected ARV-naive children. A variation of the A-not-B task was used. While there were no group differences in total correct, perseverative errors, nor maximum error run, a significant percentage of children were unable to complete the task as a consequence of the children becoming overtly distressed or refusing to continue. In a multivariate analysis we observed that the significant predictors of non-completion were HIV exposure (both infected and exposed) and being under 24 months of age. These patterns of results indicate that future work with a broader array of tasks need to look at the association of HIV and EF tasks and potential contribution of factors such as emotion regulation, persistence and motivation on performance on EF tasks.
authors.affiliation: Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast/KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya. a.abubakarali@uvt.nl
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holding
authors.forename: Anneloes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Baar
authors.forename: Charles R J C
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Fons J R
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Van de Vijver
authors.forename: Kimberly Andrews
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Espy
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007630:Kenya; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects