title: Detection of class 1 integron in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from nine hospitals in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antibiotic resistance genes inserted into class 1 and class 2 integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) isolates obtained from nine different cities in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A collection of 281 A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from nine diferent state hospitals in Turkey and were confirmed as A. baumannii by conventional biochemical, API testing and bla-OXA-51 specific PCR. The isolates were examined by PCR for existence of class 1 and 2 integron gene cassettes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  They were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the highest resistance rates were determined for piperacillin (90.03%), ciprofloxacin (87.54%), cefepime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (81.13%). The lowest resistance rates was for cefotaxime (3.55%). class I integrons were detected in 6.4% (18/281) of A. baumannii strains and no class 2 integron was detected. The gene cassettes of class 1 integrons AacC1-AAC(3)I-aadA1, AacC1-aadA1, AAC(3)-I, AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I -aadA1, TEM-1, AAC(3)-I-aadA1 - AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I, AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I -AAC(3)-I -aadA1, AAC(3)-I - aadA1, AAC(3)-I-AAC(3)-I, AAC(3)-I-aadA1- AAC(3)-I-aadA1, AAC(3)-I- AAC(3)-I- aadA1-AAC(3)-I-aadA1 were detected in eighteen strains. The aac genes family were most frequently found integrated into the class 1 integrons and it was followed by aadA genes and TEM-1 genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is an extensive study on the distribution of class 1 integron among A. baumannii in Turkey. In addition to these, two new alleles were observed. Their percentage rates of similarity to other cassettes are 95% aadA1 ( TKA18) and 89% aadA1 (ANKA3).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşegül Çopur
authors.initials: AÇ
authors.lastname: Çıçek
authors.forename: Azer Özad
authors.initials: AÖ
authors.lastname: Düzgün
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saral
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kayman
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Çızmecı
authors.forename: Pervin Özlem
authors.initials: PÖ
authors.lastname: Balcı
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dal
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fırat
authors.forename: İsmail
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.forename: Yasemin Ay
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Alıtntop
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Çalışkan
authors.forename: Yelda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazıcı
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandallı
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Class 1 integron; Gene cassette; Resistance