title: Neuro-orthopaedic conditions in spina bifida: natural course and their management and long-term outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of spina bifida is a complex issue with various systems of the body involved either directly or indirectly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deformities of the bone and joints (especially spine and lower limbs) play a significant role in causation of deficits in the child. Management of these deficits require a focused, specialised and multidisciplinary approach with orthopaedician, physiotherapist, intensivist and psychologist apart from neurosurgeon playing an important part. To manage these deformities, one needs to understand the pathophysiology of causation of these defects. The corrective surgical intervention ranges from a simple release of contracture to highly complex spinal instrumentations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We reviewed the literature and have shared our experience on this aspect of spina bifida.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India. rajkumar1959@gmail.com
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome