title: Economics of malaria prevention in US travelers to West Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pretravel health consultations help international travelers manage travel-related illness risks through education, vaccination, and medication. This study evaluated costs and benefits of that portion of the health consultation associated with malaria prevention provided to US travelers bound for West Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The estimated change in disease risk and associated costs and benefits resulting from traveler adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis were calculated from 2 perspectives: the healthcare payer's and the traveler's. We used data from the Global TravEpiNet network of US travel clinics that collect de-identified pretravel data for international travelers. Disease risk and chemoprophylaxis effectiveness were estimated from published medical reports. Direct medical costs were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and published literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 1029 records from January 2009 to January 2011. Assuming full adherence to chemoprophylaxis regimens, consultations saved healthcare payers a per-traveler average of $14 (9-day trip) to $372 (30-day trip). For travelers, consultations resulted in a range of net cost of $20 (9-day trip) to a net savings of $32 (30-day trip). Differences were mostly driven by risk of malaria in the destination country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our model suggests that healthcare payers save money for short- and longer-term trips, and that travelers save money for longer trips when travelers adhere to malaria recommendations and prophylactic regimens in West Africa. This is a potential incentive to healthcare payers to offer consistent pretravel preventive care to travelers. This financial benefit complements the medical benefit of reducing the risk of malaria.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Global Migration and Quarantine.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Margaret S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Nomana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jentes
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arguin
authors.forename: Sowmya R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: LaRocque
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sotir
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunette
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Meltzer
mesh_terms: D000354:Africa, Western; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials
keywords: benefits; costs; malaria prevention; pretravel health consultation