title: Ameliorative effect of Sida cordifolia in rotenone induced oxidative stress model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Present study focused on the evaluation of aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia (AESC), and its different fractions; hexane (HFSC), chloroform (CFSC) and aqueous (AFSC), against rotenone induced biochemical, neurochemical, histopathological and behavioral alterations in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). An estimation of the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) along with superoxide anion generation (SAG) in different brain regions (cortex, midbrain and cerebellum) was carried out to assess biochemical changes. Behavioral evaluation tests (catalepsy, rearing behavior and posture instability) and neurochemical estimations (norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin level) along with histopathological evaluations of different brain regions were also performed. The varying doses (50, 100, 250mg/kg; p.o.) of different test treatments (AESC, HFSC, CFSC and AFSC) were co-administered along with rotenone (2mg/kg; s.c.), for a period of 35 days to rats of various groups and compared with rotenone per se (negative control) and l-deprenyl (positive control; 10mg/kg; p.o.) treated groups for the above mentioned parameters. The increase in catalepsy and posture instability along with decrease in rearing behavior observed due to rotenone treatment was significantly attenuated by co-treatment with varying doses of AESC and AFSC. Results of the histopathological studies of different brain regions of rats showed eosinophilic lesions in the mid brain region due to rotenone treatment. The eosinophilic lesions were significantly attenuated in co-treated groups of AESC-100mg/kg and AFSC-100mg/kg. Rotenone induced oxidative damage, revealed by increased level of TBARS, SAG and decreased level of GSH and CAT in mid brain region of rats, was attenuated by the co-treatment of AESC and AFSC. The rotenone induced decrease of dopamine level in the midbrain region of rats was also attenuated by co-treatment of AESC-100mg/kg and AFSC-100mg/kg. The maximum effect in all the above activities was observed in AFSC (100mg/kg) treated group, which was comparable to l-deprenyl treated group. The HFSC and CFSC co-treatment failed to show significant attenuation of rotenone induced damage. These results indicate the possible therapeutic potential of most polar fraction of AESC i.e. AFSC in PD by virtue of its antioxidative actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Navneet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Asmita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajbhiye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002375:Catalepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012402:Rotenone / Q000633:toxicity*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D012402:Rotenone
keywords: 5-HT; AESC; AFSC; CAT; CFSC; DA; Dopamine; GSH; HFSC; Histopathological evaluation; Lipid peroxidation; NE; PD; Parkinson's disease; ROS; Rotenone; SAG; Sida cordifolia; TBARS; aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia; aqueous fraction of extract; catalase; chloroform soluble fraction of extract; dopamine; glutathione; hexane soluble fraction of extract; norepinephrine; reactive oxygen species; serotonin; superoxide anion generation; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances