title: Histopathological correlations of islet amyloidosis with apolipoprotein E polymorphisms in type 2 diabetic Chinese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Islet amyloidosis and arteriosclerosis are histopathological hallmarks in type 2 diabetes. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a common component of amyloidosis. ApoE [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 allele is associated with arteriosclerosis and cerebral amyloidosis in Alzheimer disease. We examined the correlations of ApoE polymorphisms with islet amyloidosis in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA samples were obtained from 117 autopsy cases with type 2 diabetes and 209 nondiabetic cases. ApoE genotypes and amylin gene mutations were determined by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction analysis. Islet amyloidosis and arteriosclerosis were evaluated by staining of thioflavin T, amylin, ApoE, and amyloid P component.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the diabetic group, 33.3% in group [Latin Small Letter Open E]2 ([Latin Small Letter Open E]2[Latin Small Letter Open E]2, [Latin Small Letter Open E]2[Latin Small Letter Open E]3), 23.6% in group [Latin Small Letter Open E]3 ([Latin Small Letter Open E]3[Latin Small Letter Open E]3), and 62.5% in group [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 ([Latin Small Letter Open E]4[Latin Small Letter Open E]4, [Latin Small Letter Open E]3[Latin Small Letter Open E]4) had islet amyloidosis. After adjustment for confounders, group [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 had an odds ratio of 7.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-38.0; P = 0.023) in having islet amyloidosis compared to group [Latin Small Letter Open E]3. Diabetic cases with islet amyloidosis had more severe arteriosclerosis (P = 0.0111), arteriolar hyalinosis (P = 0.0369), and interstitial fibrosis (P = 0.0188) than those without amyloidosis. Immunoreactivity of both ApoE and amyloid P component was detected in islet amyloid deposits and arteriosclerotic lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In type 2 diabetes, islet amyloidosis and arteriosclerosis share common pathophysiological features with ApoE [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 as a probable linking factor.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Medicine and Therapeutics, and †Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, ‡Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, and §Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Hai-Lu
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Heung-Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Fernand M M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Peter C Y
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Juliana C N
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component