title: Polyorchidism presenting with inguinal hernia and hypospadias.
abstract: Polyorchidism is defined as the presence of more than two testes. Triorchidism is the most frequent presentation. This anomaly is extremely rare, and approximately a hundred cases were described in the literature. We report a case of triorchidism presenting with inguinal hernia and penoscrotal hypospadias in a three-year-old male and briefly discuss current management of polyorchidism. Management remains controversial especially if there is no associated abnormality identified. The absence of any concomitant disorder and if testicular tumour can be ruled out by sonography or magnetic resonance imaging, surgical exploration with biopsy could be unnecessary. On the contrary, surgical exploration has the advantage of allowing for fixation of the testes to prevent torsion and determination of testicular outflow tracts and estimating reproductive capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Kozlu, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tatlı
authors.forename: Kemal Varım
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Numanoglu