title: Incidence of mutations in the PARK2, PINK1, PARK7 genes in Polish early-onset Parkinson disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex disease, comprising genetic and environmental factors. Despite the vast majority of sporadic cases, three genes, i.e. PARK2, PINK1 and PARK7 (DJ-1), have been identified as responsible for the autosomal recessive form of early-onset Parkinson disease (EO-PD). Identified changes of these genes are homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations. The frequency of PARK2, PINK1 and PARK7 mutations is still under debate, as is the significance and pathogenicity of the single heterozygous mutations/variants, which are also detected among PD patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of autosomal recessive genes PARK2, PINK1, PARK7 mutations in Polish EO-PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis of the PARK2, PINK1 and PARK7 genes was performed in a group of 150 Polish EO-PD patients (age of onset < 45 years). Mutation analysis was based on sequencing and gene dosage abnormality identification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mutations were identified only in the PARK2 and PINK1 genes with the frequency of 4.7% and 2.7% of subjects, respectively. In PARK2, point mutations and exons' rearrangements, and in PINK1 only missense mutations were detected. In both genes mutations were found as compound heterozygous/homozygous and single heterozygous. EO-PD patients' genotype-phenotype correlation revealed similarities of clinical features in mutation carriers and non-carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of the PARK2, PINK1, PARK7 mutations among Polish EO-PD patients seems to be low. The role of single heterozygous mutations remains a matter of debate and needs further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. dkoziorowski@esculap.pl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koziorowski
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoffman-Zacharska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sławek
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jamrozik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potulska-Chromik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roszmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tataj
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1; D011494:Protein Kinases; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase; C111567:parkin protein; C105131:PARK7 protein, human