title: The use of combined heart rate response and accelerometry to assess the level and predictors of physical activity in tuberculosis patients in Tanzania.
abstract: We assessed the role of tuberculosis (TB) disease and HIV infection on the level of physical activity. A combined heart rate and movement sensor was used to assess habitual physical activity in TB patients and non-TB controls. The association between sputum-negative TB, sputum-positive TB, HIV and physical activity estimates were assessed in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Sputum-positive [eB 0·43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·29-0·64] and sputum-negative (eB 0·67, 95% CI 0·47-0·94) TB as well as HIV infection (eB 0·59, 95% CI 0·46-0·75) were associated with reduced activity compared to controls. Anaemia accounted for a substantial part of the effects of HIV, while elevated AGP primarily mediated the TB effect. The level of physical activity is highly influenced by TB and HIV, and mainly mediated through anaemia of infection and associated with elevated acute phase response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faurholt-Jepsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faurholt-Jepsen
authors.affiliation: Muhimbili Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Range
authors.affiliation: Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Tanzania.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Praygod
authors.affiliation: Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Tanzania.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeremiah
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Aabye
authors.affiliation: Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Tanzania.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Changalucha
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krarup
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friis
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009043:Motor Activity; D013636:Tanzania; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*