title: Management and outcome of primary spinal ependymomas: a single center experience from Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment of spinal ependymomas requires careful consideration of the relative risks of neurological worsening from surgery. Our aim was to determine the risk factors of neurological deterioration after surgery for spinal ependymomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 20-year study included 17 patients (seven men and 10 women; 44.65±13.62 years) with histologically confirmed spinal ependymomas. The basic features were reviewed and the functional status was assessed by using the modified McCormick classification. We subdivided the patient population into two groups according to whether neurological deterioration occurred after primary tumor resection (N=5) or not (N=12), and compared their clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average duration of presenting symptoms in the 17 patients was 23.53±21.45 months. Three (17.6%) patients underwent subtotal or partial resection and 14 (82.4%) patients underwent gross total resection. The incidence of neurological deterioration after primary resection of spinal ependymomas was 29.4%. There were five (100%) and two (16.7%) male patients in the neurological-deterioration and no-deterioration groups, respectively (p=0.003). The duration of presenting symptoms was 24 months or over in all the patients with neurological deterioration and five of the 12 patients with improved or stabilized function (p=0.044).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk associated with surgical resection of spinal ependymomas should not be overlooked because of the significant incidence of neurological deterioration. The male gender and long-standing symptom (≥24 months) are risk factors of postoperative neurological worsening. Early diagnosis and surgery are therefore critical for successful treatment of spinal ependymomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: newlupin2001@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jui-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018450:Disease Progression; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Complication; Neurological function; Outcome; Spinal ependymoma