title: Weight loss and resting energy expenditure in male patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer cachexia is associated with impaired nutritional status and systemic inflammation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and resting energy expenditure (REE) changes in patients with newly detected esophageal cancer, and the influence of weight loss on REE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients and 30 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled, and patients were further divided into weight-stable (WS) and weight-loss (WL) subgroups. Body composition, measured REE (mREE), and the ratio of mREE to predicted REE (pREE) by Harris-Benedict formula were assessed. Blood levels of hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer patients had lower body mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat mass, but higher mREE and percentage of mREE/pREE compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). WS (n = 32) and WL patients (n = 24) had similar BMI and body composition indices, but the latter had obviously higher mREE, mREE per kilogram body weight (mREE/BW), percentage of mREE/pREE, hs-CRP and IL-6 levels, and lower albumin and prealbumin levels. Percentage of weight loss was positively correlated with REE/BW, hs-CRP, and IL-6 level (r = 0.238, P = 0.044; r = 0.446, P = 0.01; r = 0.196, P = 0.047, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired nutrition status, elevated energy expenditure, and higher inflammation status tend to be apparent in weight-losing patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer, which suggested that early recognition of body weight change and routine nutritional risk screening followed by adequate nutrition intervention should be applied in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cuihua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qingya
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002100:Cachexia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Body composition Interleukin-6; Esophageal cancer; Nutritional risk; Resting energy expenditure; Weight loss