title: Evaluation of mandibular volume using cone-beam computed tomography and correlation with cephalometric values.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between maxillofacial morphology and mandibular bone volume in patients with skeletal malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 118 adult Japanese (58 males and 60 females). Skeletal malocclusion was classified, based on cephalometric analysis, into skeletal Classes I (-1° ≤ ANB < 4°), II (ANB ≥ 4°), and III (ANB < -1°). Using cone-beam computed tomography and three-dimensional image analysis software, the dental crowns and mandible were separated, with only the mandible extracted. This was then reconstructed as a three-dimensional model, from which the mandibular volume was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in mandibular volume was noted among skeletal Classes I, II, and III, nor was there any significant correlation between mandibular volume and the ANB, SNB, or mandibular plane angles. There was occasional and limited correlation between mandible volume and gonial angle and certain cephalometric distance parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that proper understanding of the three-dimensional maxillofacial morphology requires not only cephalometric radiographic tracings but also high-resolution analysis of the mandibular area, width, and volume.
authors.affiliation: a  Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koshu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Tetsutaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Shugo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D012737:Sex Factors; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology