title: Laser-written photonic crystal optofluidics for electrochromatography and spectroscopy on a chip.
abstract: Femtosecond laser processes were optimized for nonlinear interactions with various optical materials to develop a novel biophotonic lab-on-a-chip device that integrates laser-formed waveguides (WGs), microfluidic channels and photonic crystals (PCs). Such integration seeks the unique demonstration of dual PC functionalities: (1) efficient chromatographic separation and filtration of analytes through a porous PC embedded inside a microfluidic channel and (2) optofluidic spectroscopy through embedded WGs that probe PC stopband shifts as varying analyte concentrations flow and separate. The building blocks together with their integration were demonstrated, providing embedded porous PCs through which electrochromatography drove an accelerated mobile phase of analyte and an optical stopband was probed via integrated buried WGs. Together, these laboratory results underpin the promise of simultaneous chromatographic and spectroscopic capabilities in a single PC optofluidic device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Moez
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Nicole S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Zacharia
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Herman
keywords: (130.3120) Integrated optics devices; (140.3390) Laser materials processing; (160.5298) Photonic crystals; (190.4180) Multiphoton processes; (280.4788) Optical sensing and sensors; (280.5715) Refractivity profiles; (320.2250) Femtosecond phenomena