title: Interruptions in clinical nursing practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a descriptive study of interruptions in hospital nurses' work and discuss their consequences for nursing work.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Interruptions negatively affect procedures, work flow and patient safety. They disturb the emotional atmosphere, reflective processes and the interaction with patients. The constant rearranging of priorities forced by interruptions are a source of frustration to nurses and may lead to a feeling of being pressed for time that results in reduced job satisfaction and stress-related symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ethnographic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observation of five nurse's work over three weeks in January 2007 and qualitative interviewing of two nurses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses were interrupted primarily by brief question-answer exchanges between nurse colleagues. Grouped by task, interruptions during medicine preparation in the ward's drug storage room were the most frequent, while the patients were responsible for fewer interruptions than was any other group. Nurses regarded some interruptions as unavoidable, others as avoidable, while the perception of other professional groups as the primary instigators of interruptions was not corroborated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interruptions confront nurses with a dilemma between being accessible to others and remaining focused in order to 'see the big picture'. Nurses' professional 'groundedness' seems to determine their ability to retain a state of equilibrium in a field of unnecessary interruptions and to prevent interruptions from occurring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study contributes new knowledge to the discussion of issues concerning organisation, management, training and clinical work, including nurse's ability to 'see the big picture'. It further seeks to clarify conditions for nursing that take into account professional standards and values as well as mutual understanding between colleagues.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, Aalborg Hospital Science and Innovation Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brahe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008875:Middle Aged; D024802:Nurse's Role; D061214:Patient Safety; D016526:Workload
keywords: clinical nursing practice; ethnography; interruptions; patient safety; seeing the big picture