title: Determination of patulin in apple and derived products by UHPLC-MS/MS. Study of matrix effects with atmospheric pressure ionisation sources.
abstract: Sensitive and reliable analytical methodology has been developed for the measurement of patulin in regulated foodstuffs by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with triple quadrupole analyser. Solid samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, while liquid samples were directly injected into the chromatographic system after dilution and filtration without any clean-up step. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 4min. Electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) sources were evaluated, in order to assess matrix effects. The use of ESI source caused strong signal suppression in samples; however, matrix effect was negligible using APCI, allowing quantification with calibration standards prepared in solvent. The method was validated in four different apple matrices (juice, fruit, puree and compote) at two concentrations at the low μgkg(-1) level. Average recoveries (n=5) ranged from 71% to 108%, with RSDs lower than 14%.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beltrán
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.forename: Juan Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010365:Patulin / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010365:Patulin
keywords: APCI; ESI; Mycotoxins; Patulin; Tandem MS; UHPLC