title: Combined effects of fluoride and cadmium on liver and kidney function in male rats.
abstract: It has been shown that cadmium and fluoride may both have adverse effects on liver and kidney functions, but most studies focus on a single agent. In this study, we observed the effects of cadmium and fluoride on liver and kidney functions using a rat model. Total of 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups, one control group and three exposure groups that were given cadmium (50 mg/L) and fluoride (100 mg/L) alone or in combination via drinking water. At the 12th week, urine, blood, and kidney tissues were collected. Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase (ALT), urinary β2-microglobulin, and albumin were determined. Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and kidney homogenates were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. There was a significant increase in serum ALT and urinary β2-microglobulin of rats in exposure groups compared with control. Serum ALT and urinary β2-microglobulin of rats exposed to cadmium and fluoride in combination was significantly higher than those treated with cadmium alone and fluoride alone. SOD declined significantly and MDA increased in combination group compared with control and those treated with cadmium and fluoride alone. Cadmium and fluoride co-exposure increase the liver and kidney damage compared with that exposed to cadmium or fluoride alone.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
authors.forename: Junmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jingjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Meixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xinyou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005459:Fluorides