title: Changes in serum inflammatory markers are associated with changes in apolipoprotein A1 but not B after the initiation of dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the changes in lipoproteins over time and how inflammation is associated with lipoprotein concentrations among patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. One possible explanation for the association of low LDL cholesterol concentration and adverse outcomes is that inflammation reduces selected apolipoprotein concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were collected from a subsample of patients enrolled into the Comprehensive Dialysis Study every 3 months for up to 1 year. We examined the relation between temporal patterns in levels of inflammatory markers and changes in apolipoproteins (apo) A1 and B and the apo B/A1 ratio using linear mixed effects modeling and adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 266 participants from 56 dialysis facilities. The mean age was 62 years, 45% were women and 26% were black. Apo A1 was lower among patients with higher Quetelet's (body mass) index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Apo B was lower among older patients, patients with higher serum creatinine and patients with lower BMI. Over the course of a year, apo A1 changed inversely with serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and α1 acid glycoprotein (α1AG), while apo B did not. Changes in α1AG were more strongly associated with changes in apolipoprotein concentrations than were changes in CRP; increases in α1AG were associated with decreases in apo A1 and increases in the apo B/A1 ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in inflammatory markers were associated with changes in apo A1, but not apo B over 1 year, suggesting that reductions in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with inflammation, either of which could mediate cardiovascular risk, but not supporting a hypothesis linking increased risk of low levels of apo B containing lipoproteins to the risk associated with inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kaysen
authors.forename: Lorien S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Dalrymple
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chertow
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kornak
authors.forename: Kirsten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: CRP; HDL; apolipoprotein A1; apolipoprotein B; α1 acid glycoprotein