title: Value of indocyanine green videoangiography in deciding the completeness of cerebrovascular surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, microscope-integrated near infrared indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) has been widely used in cerebrovascular surgery because it provides real-time high resolution images. In our study, we evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative ICG-VA during cerebrovascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2011 and April 2012, 188 patients with cerebrovascular disease were surgically treated in our institution. We used ICG-VA in that operations with half of recommended dose (0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg). Postoperative digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography angiography was used to confirm anatomical results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative ICG-VA demonstrated fully occluded aneurysm sack, no neck remnant, and without vessel compromise in 119 cases (93.7%) of 127 aneurysms. Eight clipping (6.3%) of 127 operations were identified as an incomplete aneurysm occlusion or compromising vessel after ICG-VA. In 41 (97.6%) of 42 patients after carotid endarterectomy, the results were the same as that of postoperative angiography with good patency. One case (5.9%) of 17 bypass surgeries was identified as a nonfunctioning anastomosis after ICG-VA, which could be revised successfully. In the two patients of arteriovenous malformation, ICG-VA was useful for find the superficial nature of the feeding arteries and draining veins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG-VA is simple and provides real-time information of the patency of vessels including very small perforators within the field of the microscope and has a lower rate of adverse reactions. However, ICG-VA is not a perfect method, and so a combination of monitoring tools assures the quality of cerebrovascular surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Sung-Pil
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Bo-Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jae-Hyoo
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Sun
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cerebrovascular surgery; Complete obliteration of aneurysm; Indocyanine green videoangiography; Intraoperative angiography; Patency of graft