title: Medication safety and knowledge-based functions: a stepwise approach against information overload.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to improve medication safety in an emergency department (ED) by enhancing the integration and presentation of safety information for drug therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on an evaluation of safety of drug therapy issues in the ED and a review of computer-assisted intervention technologies we redesigned an electronic case sheet and implemented computer-assisted interventions into the routine work flow. We devised a four step system of alerts, and facilitated access to different levels of drug information. System use was analyzed over a period of 6 months. In addition, physicians answered a survey based on the technology acceptance model TAM2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new application was implemented in an informal manner to avoid work flow disruption. Log files demonstrated that step I, 'valid indication' was utilized for 3% of the recorded drugs and step II 'tooltip for well-known drug risks' for 48% of the drugs. In the questionnaire, the computer-assisted interventions were rated better than previous paper based measures (checklists, posters) with regard to usefulness, support of work and information quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A stepwise assisting intervention received positive user acceptance. Some intervention steps have been seldom used, others quite often. We think that we were able to avoid over-alerting and work flow intrusion in a critical ED environment.
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. andrius.patapovas@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Andrius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patapovas
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dormann
authors.forename: Brita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sedlmayr
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonst
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfistermeister
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plank-Kiegele
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogler
authors.forename: Renke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Criegee-Rieck
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Prokosch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bürkle
mesh_terms: D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D051188:Knowledge Bases; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: computerized; decision support systems; electronic prescribing; medical records system; medication safety; medication therapy management; technology acceptance model