title: Percutaneous management of lower limb ischemia after the use of vascular closure devices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower extremity ischemia after the use of vascular closure devices (VCDs) after transfemoral percutaneous coronary and peripheral interventions is an infrequent though relevant clinical entity. We aimed to assess immediate and midterm outcomes of a systematic endovascular approach for the treatment of VCD-related lower limb ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2006 and 2008, all the patients who developed lower limb ischemia after the use of a VCD in a high volume French institution were systematically managed percutaneously and constituted the study population. Clinical characteristics, immediate, and midterm outcomes are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2944 consecutive patients undergoing VCD placement after femoral access, 18 (3 men and 15 women) had VCD-related lower limb ischemia and were all managed percutaneously. Median age was 66.5 years. Devices were Angio-Seal (St Jude Medical) in 12 cases, StarClose (Abbott Vascular Devices) in 3 cases, and Perclose (Abbott Vascular Devices) in 3 cases. Limb ischemia occurred with a median delay of 2 days after device placement. Index procedures were coronary interventions in 14 cases and peripheral in 4 cases. The occlusion site was successfully crossed in all cases. Twelve patients were treated with balloon angioplasty and 6 with stent implantation. Angiographic success was obtained in all cases. After a median 32-month follow-up, only 2 patients initially treated using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty needed reintervention consisting of a balloon angioplasty in 1 case and stent implantation in the second case. At final follow-up, all the patients were asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular treatment for VCD-related limb ischemia is a feasible and effective approach resulting in excellent immediate and midterm outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, Clinique Rhône Durance, Avignon, France. Electronic address: sofienerek@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Sofiene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rekik
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bayet
authors.forename: François Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meille
authors.forename: Jean Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Quatre
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sainsous
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents