title: Cerium oxide nanoparticles: applications and prospects in nanomedicine.
abstract: Promising results have been obtained using cerium (Ce) oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) as antioxidants in biological systems. CNPs have unique regenerative properties owing to their low reduction potential and the coexistence of both Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) on their surfaces. Defects in the crystal lattice due to the presence of Ce(3+) play an important role in tuning the redox activity of CNPs. The surface Ce(3+):Ce(4+) ratio is influenced by the microenvironment. Therefore, the microenvironment and synthesis method adopted also plays an important role in determining the biological activity and toxicity of CNPs. The presence of a mixed valance state plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. CNPs are found to be effective against pathologies associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. CNPs are well tolerated in both in vitro and in vivo biological models, which makes CNPs well suited for applications in nanobiology and regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Processing Analysis Center, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dowding
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Klump
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: McGinnis
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Self
authors.forename: Sudipta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seal
mesh_terms: D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D044968:Regenerative Medicine
chemical_list: D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide