title: Changes in phosphocreatine concentration of skeletal muscle during high-intensity intermittent exercise in children and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to test the hypotheses that a greater oxidative capacity in children results in a lower phosphocreatine (PCr) depletion, a faster PCr resynthesis and a lower muscle acidification during high-intensity intermittent exercise compared to adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen children (9.4 ± 0.5 years) and 16 adults (26.1 ± 0.3 years) completed a protocol consisting of a dynamic plantar flexion (10 bouts of 30-s exercise at 25 % of one repetition maximum separated by 20-s recovery), followed by 10 min of passive recovery. Changes of PCr, ATP, inorganic phosphate, and phosphomonoesters were measured by means of (31)Phosphorous-magnetic resonance spectroscopy during and post-exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average PCr (percentage of [PCr] at initial rest (%[PCr]i)) at the end of the exercise (adults 17 ± 12 %[PCr]i, children 38 ± 17 %[PCr]i, P < 0.01) and recovery periods (adults 37 ± 14 %[PCr]i, children 57 ± 17 %[PCr]i, P < 0.01) was significantly lower in adults compared to children, induced by a stronger PCr decrease during the first exercise interval (adults -73 ± 10 %[PCr]i, children -55 ± 15 %[PCr]i, P < 0.01). End-exercise pH was significantly higher in children compared to adults (children 6.90 + 0.20, -0.14; adults 6.67 + 0.23, -0.15, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our results we suggest relatively higher rates of oxidative ATP formation in children's muscle for covering the ATP demand of high-intensity intermittent exercise compared to adults, enabling children to begin each exercise interval with significantly higher PCr concentrations and leading to an overall lower muscle acidification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus Nord Haus Nr. 10, 44780, Bochum, Germany, jennifer.kappenstein@rub.de.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kappenstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrauti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Runkel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Fernandez
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zange
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate