title: Skeletal myoblast transplantation on gene expression profiles of insulin signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to investigate the gene expression profiling of insulin signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the skeletal muscle of KK mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  KK mice were divided into the following groups: KK control group, basal medium (M199) only; KK fibroblast group, with human fibroblast transplantation; KK myoblast group, with human skeletal myoblast transplantation. C57BL mice received hSkM transplantation as a normal control. Cells were transplanted into mice hind limb skeletal muscle. All animals were treated with cyclosporine for 6 weeks only. The mice were sacrificed in a fasting state at 12 weeks after treatment. Hind limb skeletal muscle was harvested and used for study of gene expression profiling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  hSkMs survived extensively in mice skeletal muscle at 12 weeks after cell transplantation. Glucose tolerance test showed a significant decrease of blood glucose in the mice of KK myoblast group compared to the KK control and fibroblast groups. Transcriptional patterns of insulin signaling pathway showed alterations in KK myoblast as compared with KK control group (23 genes), KK fibroblast group (7 genes), and C57BL group (8 genes). Transcriptional patterns of mitochondrial biogenesis and function also had alterations in KK myoblast as compared with KK control group (27 genes), KK fibroblast group (9 genes), and C57BL group (6 genes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrated for the first time that hSKM transplantation resulted in a change of gene transcript in multiple genes involved in insulin signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Li-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Kok-Onn
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zi-Zheng
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D032448:Myoblasts, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; C558406:HbA(1c) protein, mouse
keywords: Gene array; Insulin signaling; Mitochondrion; Type 2 diabetes mellitus