title: S. cerevisiae chromosomes biorient via gradual resolution of syntely between S phase and anaphase.
abstract: Following DNA replication, eukaryotic cells must biorient all sister chromatids prior to cohesion cleavage at anaphase. In animal cells, sister chromatids gradually biorient during prometaphase, but current models of mitosis in S. cerevisiae assume that biorientation is established shortly after S phase. This assumption is based on the observation of a bilobed distribution of yeast kinetochores early in mitosis and suggests fundamental differences between yeast mitosis and mitosis in animal cells. By applying super-resolution imaging methods, we show that yeast and animal cells share the key property of gradual and stochastic chromosome biorientation. The characteristic bilobed distribution of yeast kinetochores, hitherto considered synonymous for biorientation, arises from kinetochores in mixed attachment states to microtubules, the length of which discriminates bioriented from syntelic attachments. Our results offer a revised view of mitotic progression in S. cerevisiae that augments the relevance of mechanistic information obtained in this powerful genetic system for mammalian mitosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Jonas F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Pei-Hsin
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Khuloud
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaqaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sorger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: gaudenz_danuser@hms.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Gaudenz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Danuser
mesh_terms: D000705:Anaphase; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D016196:S Phase; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008941:Spindle Apparatus
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D064127:Aurora Kinases; C576961:IPL1 protein, S cerevisiae; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases