title: Understanding the visual skills and strategies of train drivers in the urban rail environment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the growth of information in the urban rail environment, there is a need to better understand the ergonomics profile underpinning the visual behaviours in train drivers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the tasks and activities of urban/metropolitan passenger train drivers in order to better understand the nature of the visual demands in their task activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 34 passenger train drivers in four different Australian states. The research approach used a novel participative ergonomics methodology that fused interviews and observations with generative tools. Data analysis was conducted thematically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results suggested participants did not so much drive their trains, as manage the intensity of visually demanding work held in their environment. The density of this information and the opacity of the task, invoked an ergonomics profile more closely aligned with diagnostic and error detection than actual train regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paper discusses the relative proportion of strategies corresponding with specific tasks, the visual-perceptual load in substantive activities, and the requisite visual skills behoving navigation in the urban rail environment. These findings provide the basis for developing measures of complexity to further specify the visual demands in passenger train driving.
authors.affiliation: Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia Cooperative Research Centre for Rail Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Anjum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naweed
authors.affiliation: Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia Cooperative Research Centre for Rail Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002947:Cities; D003463:Cues; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011890:Railroads; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014785:Vision, Ocular; D014796:Visual Perception; D016526:Workload
keywords: Train driving; ergonomics profiling; knowledge elicitation; perceptual load; rail navigation