title: Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical resection in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originating in the caudate lobe is challenging because of its deep location in the liver and possibly worse prognosis. We evaluated the overall survival of patients with solitary caudate small HCC who underwent laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study on patients who underwent laparoscopic RFA (RFA) for solitary small HCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven (27) patients underwent laparoscopic caudate lobe RFA for solitary small HCC. The average tumor size was 2.8 cm. The overall survival rates were 96.3%, 88.9%, 74.1%, 74.1% and 62.9% at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years respectively. The disease-free survival after RFA was 92.6%, 52.9%, 44.4%, 33.3% and 33.3% at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years respectively. Most common postoperative complication was pleural effusion (7/27, 25.9%), and followed by transient hemoglobinuria (2/27, 7.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic RFA for caudate lobe small HCC is a safe and feasible procedure without perioperative mortality. Through a systematic review of other therapeutic options on caudate HCC, its overall outcome is comparable to that of surgical resection.
authors.affiliation: Institute & Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogbonna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C097353:AFP protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins
keywords: Caudate lobe; Disease-free survival; Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Laparoscope; Radiofrequency ablation; Survival