title: Changes of total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status of aqueous humor in diabetes patients and correlations with diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure changes of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of aqueous humor (AH) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients, and to determine if there were any differences in TOS and TAC of AH in diabetic patients without retinopathy compared with non-diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three eyes of 103 patients who were enrolled for cataract surgery were included in this study. Patients were grouped according to presence of diabetes and stage of DR. Prior to cataract surgery, 0.1mL to 0.2mL of AH was aspirated and analyzed for TAC and TOS level using a colorimetric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TOS levels were highest among proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients and lowest in patients with only cataracts. Results were statistically significant between all groups (P<0.05). Whereas result between diabetic without retinopathy patients and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients was not statistically significant (P=0.757). TAC levels were highest in patients with only cataract and lowest among PDR patients and results were statistically significant between all groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aqueous humor TAC levels are low in diabetic patients and reduced further in DR patients, TOS levels are increased in diabetic patients and this is exacerbated in DR patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi Mustafa Kemal State Hospital, Ankara 06900, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emrullah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beyazyıldız
authors.forename: Ali Bülent
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cankaya
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ergan
authors.forename: Mustafa Alparslan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Anayol
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozdamar
authors.forename: Sevilay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sezer
authors.forename: Mehmet Hakan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tırhış
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yılmazbaş
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oztürk
keywords: aqueous humor; diabetic retinopathy; total antioxidant capacity; total oxidant status