title: Effect of long acting insulin supplementation on diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats.
abstract: This study was designed to check whether insulin supplementation is crucial for inducing diabetic nephropathy (DNP) in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The urinary biochemical parameters such as albumin, creatinine and urea nitrogen were monitored every two weeks. The histological changes in the kidney were observed at the end of both fifth and seventh month. Immunohistochemical analyses of VEGF, ERK-1 and NF-kappaB expression were performed to demonstrate mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis, which are the defining histological features of nephropathy. A significant change in the urinary biochemistry was observed in diabetic animals at the end of four months, but the aforementioned quantitative changes were delayed in diabetic animals treated with insulin. At the end of seven months, the diabetic animals showed prominent histological changes such as glomerular basement membrane thickening, nodular glomerulosclerosis and mesangial expansion. However, these changes were not observed in diabetic animals treated with insulin even at the end of the study. From the results, it can be concluded that there is no need of insulin supplementation for inducing DNP, when the animals are induced with an optimal dose of 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin.
authors.affiliation: Renal Research Lab, Center for Bio Medical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, India.
authors.forename: Shiju Thomas
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Rajesh Nachiappa
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.forename: Pragasam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D016328:NF-kappa B; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D013311:Streptozocin; D003404:Creatinine; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3