title: Plant uptake and phytotoxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L).
abstract: The plant uptake and phytotoxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) seedlings were investigated. Results showed that ryegrass could take up BDE-209 from the contaminated soils and most of the BDE-209 in plants is located in roots, indicating that BDE-209 has low root-to-shoot translocation. Except for about 35% inhibition of root growth and about 30% decrease of the chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents of leaves, no visual toxicity symptoms were observed in seedlings grown even at a high concentration of 100 mg kg(-1). BDE-209 exposure significantly induced the generation of the superoxide radical (O2˙(-)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in ryegrass leaves. With the increase of BDE-209 concentration, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly changed, and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) was also significantly reduced. Results suggested that BDE-209 exposure could cause oxidative stress and damage, which may play an important role in the phytotoxicity of BDE-209 in ryegrass seedlings.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China. xchxie@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xianchuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yingang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Dongyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D002681:China; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008129:Lolium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether