title: Evaluation of the effect of carvacrol on the Escherichia coli 555 metabolome by using 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: Cultures of Escherichia coli 555 were grown at four levels of carvacrol (0-2 mM) and the E. coli endo-metabolome was extracted and measured by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The results show that glucose concentration is going up with concentration of carvacrol and so do formate until the highest concentration is reached, from which point it suddenly decreases. This is interpreted as if the bacteria are increasingly unable to further metabolize glucose and as if the bacteria increasingly shifts with higher levels of carvacrol toward sugar fermentation as carbon source, until the level of carvacrol reaches a level (2.00 mM), where the E. coli must give up. Additionally, the multivariate Principal Component Analysis suggests that the adaptation occurring at sub-lethal doses of carvacrol is different from that occurring at higher doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-Food Sciences & Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Picone
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laghi
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gardini
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lanciotti
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siroli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capozzi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081007:Cymenes; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; C073316:carvacrol; D005947:Glucose
keywords: (1)H-NMR; Carvacrol; Escherichia coli 555; Metabonomics; PCA