title: Birth-associated long-bone fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence and outcome of neonatal long-bone fractures at a tertiary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of all neonates with long-bone fractures delivered at Jordan University Hospital between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among a total of 34 519 live births, 8 neonates had a long-bone fracture (incidence 0.23/1000 live births); of these, 6 had a femur fracture (0.17/1000 live births) and 2 had a humerus fracture (0.05/1000 live births). The route of delivery was emergency cesarean delivery for 6 infants, elective cesarean delivery for 1 infant, and the vaginal route for 1 infant. The mean birth weight was 2723g. All neonates weighed more than 2200g and their gestational age was more than 35weeks, with the exception of 1 neonate born at 31weeks weighing 1500g. The mean time interval from birth to fracture diagnosis was 1.5days. All fractures healed with no residual deformity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency cesarean delivery carries a higher risk of long-bone fracture than vaginal delivery. Prematurity, malpresentation, abnormal lie, and multiple pregnancies may predispose to long-bone fractures. The prognosis of birth-associated long-bone fractures is good.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basha
authors.forename: Zouhair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amarin
authors.forename: Freih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abu-Hassan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005865:Gestational Age; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cesarean delivery; Femur fracture; Humerus fracture