title: A randomized trial to increase acceptance of childhood vaccines by vaccine-hesitant parents: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A cluster randomized trial was performed to evaluate an educational intervention to improve parental attitudes and vaccine uptake in vaccine-hesitant parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two primary care sites were randomized to provide families with either usual care or an intervention (video and written information) for vaccine-hesitant parents. Eligible parents included those presenting for their child's 2-week well-child visit with performance on the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey suggesting vaccine hesitancy (score ≥25). Enrollees completed PACV surveys at the 2-month well-child visit and vaccination status at 12 weeks of age was assessed. The primary outcome was the difference in PACV scores obtained at enrollment and 2 months between the 2 groups. The proportion of on-time vaccination was also compared at 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 454 parents were approached, and 369 (81.3%) participated; 132 had PACV scores of ≥25 and were enrolled, 67 in the control group (mean PACV score 37) and 55 in the intervention group (mean PACV score 40). Two-month PACV surveys were completed by 108 (∼90%) of enrollees. Parents in the intervention group had a significant decrease in PACV score at 2 months compared to control (median difference 6.7, P = .049); this remained significant after adjustment for baseline PACV score, race/ethnicity, and income (P = .044). There was no difference in the on-time receipt of vaccines between groups at 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A brief educational intervention for vaccine-hesitant parents was associated with a modest but significant increase in measured parental attitudes toward vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn. Electronic address: elizabeth.williams@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: S Elizabeth
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Offit
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014611:Vaccination / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: immunization; parental attitude; parental belief; vaccine