title: Alleviating CTAC and Flu combined pollution damage in Chlorella vulgaris by exogenous nitric oxide.
abstract: This study investigates the effect of sodium nitroprussiate (SNP), an exogenous NO-donor, on the joint toxicity of binary mixtures of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and fluoranthene (Flu) (CTAC/Flu), which are representatives for surfactants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) respectively, in a unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The results showed that the addition of low SNP (20μM) alleviated the CTAC/Flu combined pollution damage in C. vulgaris. Supplement of low SNP significantly increased the algae biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) as compared to CTAC/Flu treatment alone. SNP also reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS), as compared with CTAC/Flu treated alone. On the contrary, the above phenomena were reversed when high concentration of SNP (100μM) was added. Our study indicated that the damage of the joint action of surfactants and PAHs on hydrobios can be alleviated through protecting against oxidant substances and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes with an exogenous supply of NO in certain concentration range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China. Electronic address: xdliqi@163.com.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhijie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D008725:Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008725:Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds; D005449:Fluorenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C525618:cethyltrimethylammonium chloride; D002734:Chlorophyll; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C007738:fluoranthene; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010544:Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Algae; Antioxidant enzymes; Exogenous nitric oxide; Joint toxicity