title: Retinoid signaling in progenitors controls specification and regeneration of the urothelium.
abstract: The urothelium is a multilayered epithelium that serves as a barrier between the urinary tract and blood, preventing the exchange of water and toxic substances. It consists of superficial cells specialized for synthesis and transport of uroplakins that assemble into a tough apical plaque, one or more layers of intermediate cells, and keratin 5-expressing basal cells (K5-BCs), which are considered to be progenitors in the urothelium and other specialized epithelia. Fate mapping, however, reveals that intermediate cells rather than K5-BCs are progenitors in the adult regenerating urothelium, that P cells, a transient population, are progenitors in the embryo, and that retinoids are critical in P cells and intermediate cells, respectively, for their specification during development and regeneration. These observations have important implications for tissue engineering and repair and, ultimately, may lead to treatments that prevent loss of the urothelial barrier, a major cause of voiding dysfunction and bladder pain syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Devangini
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molotkov
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ekatherina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Batourina
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Hanbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiley
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Department of Pathology, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.affiliation: IGBMC, CNRS UMR7104/ INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Collège de France, B.P. 10142, ILLKIRCH Cedex, FRANCE.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical School, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Fengxia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical School, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical School, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Tung-Tien
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Informatics 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7024 Cincinnati, OH 45229.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aronow
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Urological Diseases Research Center, Enders Research Building, 300, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mauney
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical School, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rosalyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosselot
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Batavia
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Depts. of Urology, Genetics & Development and Pathology 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York NY, USA.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D053555:Keratin-5 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D060165:Uroplakins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D053555:Keratin-5; D060165:Uroplakins