title: Validation of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire for Spanish patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) is a short, easy to complete, disease-specific questionnaire to assess intermittent claudication. A Spanish version of the WIQ for Hispanic Americans has recently been validated in Texas, but it needs to be validated for European Spanish people.
  
  
  METHODS
  After translation and cultural adaptation of the WIQ, 920 patients with intermittent claudication (ankle brachial index < 0.9) completed two questionnaires (Spanish version of the WIQ and European Quality of Life 5 Dimension [EQ-5D]). The validity of the WIQ was determined by correlating WIQ and EQ-5D. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three domains of the WIQ were moderately correlated with the EQ-5D health outcome (r = 0.54 to 0.60; p < 0.001). Test-retest reliabilities ranged from ICC = 0.89 to 0.91 and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) was high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the WIQ for European Spanish patients was valid and reproducible, suggesting that it could be used in Spanish patients with intermittent claudication.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de Salamanca and IBSAL, Salamaca, Spain. lozano@usal.es
authors.forename: Francisco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: González-Porras
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lobos
authors.forename: Alix
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Areitio-Aurtena
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D016138:Walking