title: Environmental monitoring of pesticide residues from farms at a neighbouring primary and pre-school in the Western Cape in South Africa.
abstract: Concerns about pesticide drift from neighbouring vineyards affecting children attending school on a farm adjacent to an urban suburb of Cape Town, Western Cape in South Africa were investigated. The study involved a before-after design, measuring levels of environmental exposure before and during pesticide application activities on the neighbouring farms. Samples were collected in air, dust and grass cuttings at the preschool and primary school located on the farms during September-December in 2010 and tested for pesticides using multi-pesticide methods. Eleven different pesticides were detected in the various samples. Six of these chemicals (endosulfan, dimethomorph, penconazole, cyprodinil, boscalid and bromopropylate) were on the spraying schedules of the two farms neighbouring the schools and the timing and location of detection were generally consistent with farm application. Three pesticides detected (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, permethrin) are agents commonly used in household applications and one (pyriproxifen) is used in pet treatment agents. Kresoxim-methyl, the other pesticide detected, is likely to come from drift from other farms in the area. The concentration of pesticides was all lower than 0.1 μg/m(3) in air and 0.1 μg/kg in dust and grass apart from permethrin and cypermethrin. The findings confirm the presence of drift onto the school premises and concentrations found in this study were generally low in comparison to that detected in other studies. Regular monitoring to track the effectiveness of containment and mitigation measures that reduce drift is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dalvie
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sosan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Africa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cairncross
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010783:Photometry; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D012574:Schools; D012621:Seasons; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Exposure; Pesticides; School children; Spray drift