title: Practitioner attitudes to clozapine initiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It is recommended as third-line treatment for schizophrenia in national and local guidelines. Despite this, it is underutilised. This survey aimed to clarify barriers to prescribing and elucidate factors that may improve patient access to clozapine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was made available to all staff members at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 144 clinical staff completed the questionnaire. The majority (81%) of respondents were 'fairly' or 'very' familiar with clozapine prescribing guidelines. Barriers to prescribing most commonly stated as being 'very frequently' a problem were patient concerns about tolerability of clozapine or patient refusal to adhere to blood test monitoring. Staff members also felt medical complications frequently prevented clozapine prescription. Dedicated staff or day hospital placements devoted to clozapine initiation were identified as factors most likely to increase prescribing of clozapine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Professionals identified the dominant barriers to prescribing as being patient focussed - refusal of blood test monitoring or concerns about tolerability. Clinician fears about compliance or medical complications were also important. The development of out-patient services specifically tasked with initiating clozapine may help to increase the frequency of prescribing of clozapine earlier in treatment than is currently seen.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vergunst
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine
keywords: antipsychotic agents; physician's practice patterns; schizophrenia