title: Influence of growing conditions on metabolite profile of Ammi visnaga umbels with special reference to bioactive furanochromones and pyranocoumarins.
abstract: The medicinal plant Ammi visnaga is a valuable source of furanochromones and pyranocoumarins used as vasodilator agents. Its ability to germinate under unfavourable growth conditions, such as saline soil and hypoxia characterizing clay soils and marshes ecosystems, prompted us to qualitatively characterize secondary metabolites in umbels of A. visnaga plants grown under different conditions (in field, hydroponically controlled, and contrasted by salinity and/or hypoxia) by HPLC-ESI/IT/MS(n) analysis. Subsequently, the quantitative analysis of the bioactive compounds, above all furanochromones and pyranocoumarins, was carried out by HPLC-ESI/QqQ/MS/MS. The results show the influence of growing conditions on the quali-quantitative profile of A. visnaga secondary metabolites and evidence that hydroponic culture leads to increased level of A. visnaga active principles. Furthermore, two furanochromones never reported before were identified and characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis.
authors.affiliation: University of El-Manar II, Faculty of Sciences, Unity of Research of Vegetal Ecology, Campus Academia, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hela Kallel
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Sellami
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masullo
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smiti
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piacente
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pizza
mesh_terms: D031165:Ammi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002867:Chromones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004777:Environment; D005663:Furans / Q000378:metabolism; D018527:Hydroponics; D056626:Inflorescence / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D039681:Pyranocoumarins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054712:Salinity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D005663:Furans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D039681:Pyranocoumarins; C477662:furanochromone; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Ammi visnaga umbels; Furanochromones and pyranocoumarins; HPLC–ESI/IT/MS(n); HPLC–ESI/QqQ/MS/MS; Hydroponic culture; Hypoxia; Salinity