title: Comparison of basilar and axial sesamoidean approaches for digital flexor tendon sheath synoviocentesis and injection in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define a method for the basilar sesamoidean approach (BSA) to the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) in horses and compare it with the axial sesamoidean approach (ASA) for DFTS synoviocentesis and injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 healthy adult mares without evidence of abnormalities related to the lower limbs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each horse had 1 forelimb and 1 hind limb assigned to each DFTS approach (basilar vs axial, relative to the proximal sesamoid bones) in a Latin square design. The order of horses and of limb injection for each horse was randomly selected. All procedures were performed in standing sedated horses. The number of attempts to place a needle in the DFTS, presence of synovial fluid in the needle hub, time for DFTS injection, and number of accurate injections of sterile contrast material into the DFTS (evaluated by means of radiography) were compared between methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time for injection was significantly shorter for the BSA, compared with the ASA. The median number of times the needle was redirected was also significantly less for the BSA. Odds of obtaining synovial fluid via the BSA were 5.7 times as great as for the ASA (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 278). Successful injection of contrast material into the DFTS did not differ significantly between the BSA (24/24 limbs) and ASA (23/24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BSA was a useful method for DFTS synoviocentesis in the forelimbs and hind limbs of standing sedated horses and was superior to the ASA in most aspects. This approach to the DFTS should be considered when DFTS injection or synovial fluid retrieval is desired, particularly in horses with minimal DFTS effusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rocconi
authors.forename: Sarah N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sampson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D005552:Forelimb; D006736:Horses; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013582:Synovial Fluid; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*