title: Defense mechanisms of the respiratory system and aerosol production systems.
abstract: Aerosolized therapies have been used in everyday clinical practice for decades. Experimentation with different delivery systems have led to the creation of aerosolized insulin, antibiotics, gene therapy and chemotherapy. Several of these therapies are already clinically available while others are being investigated in active clinical trials. The main factors affecting the efficiency and safety of the aerosolized therapies are the production of the aerosol, distribution/deposition of the aerosol throughout the lung parenchyma, respiratory defense mechanisms and tissue/pharmaceutical molecule interactions. Current methods of aerosol production and distribution will be presented along with an overview of the respiratory defense mechanisms. In addition, methods of aerosol evaluation in conjunction with a future perspective of the potential development of aerosol therapies will be presented.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.forename: Kaid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darwiche
authors.forename: Lonny
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yarmus
authors.forename: Dionysios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spyratos
authors.forename: Nevena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Secen
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hohenforst-Schmidt
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gschwendtner
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. ppneumon@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007328:Insulin