title: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-positive primary effusion lymphoma tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice is inhibited by neomycin and neamine blocking angiogenin's nuclear translocation.
abstract: Angiogenin (ANG) is a 14-kDa multifunctional proangiogenic secreted protein whose expression level correlates with the aggressiveness of several tumors. We observed increased ANG expression and secretion in endothelial cells during de novo infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), in cells expressing only latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 (LANA-1) protein, and in KSHV latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) BCBL-1 and BC-3 cells. Inhibition of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) mediated ANG's nuclear translocation by neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic (not G418-neomicin), resulted in reduced KSHV latent gene expression, increased lytic gene expression, and increased cell death of KSHV(+) PEL and endothelial cells. ANG detection in significant levels in KS and PEL lesions highlights its importance in KSHV pathogenesis. To assess the in vivo antitumor activity of neomycin and neamine (a nontoxic derivative of neomycin), BCBL-1 cells were injected intraperitoneally into NOD/SCID mice. We observed significant extended survival of mice treated with neomycin or neamine. Markers of lymphoma establishment, such as increases in animal body weight, spleen size, tumor cell spleen infiltration, and ascites volume, were observed in nontreated animals and were significantly diminished by neomycin or neamine treatments. A significant decrease in LANA-1 expression, an increase in lytic gene expression, and an increase in cleaved caspase-3 were also observed in neomycin- or neamine-treated animal ascitic cells. These studies demonstrated that ANG played an essential role in KSHV latency maintenance and BCBL-1 cell survival in vivo, and targeting ANG function by neomycin/neamine to induce the apoptosis of cells latently infected with KSHV is an attractive therapeutic strategy against KSHV-associated malignancies.
authors.affiliation: H.M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bottero
authors.forename: Sathish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadagopan
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sujoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Mohanan Valiya
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Veettil
authors.forename: Bala
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chandran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001201:Ascites / Q000473:pathology; D001835:Body Weight; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005601:Framycetin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D054685:Lymphoma, Primary Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009355:Neomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005601:Framycetin; C488396:neamine; C046366:angiogenin; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; D009355:Neomycin