title: Variation among Spanish teaching hospitals in ductal carcinoma in situ treatment: results of a national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate current management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast in Spanish teaching hospitals and to evaluate prognostic factors for recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  To allow follow-up of 5 years or more, cases diagnosed and treated during 2004 were considered, in order to evaluate the recurrence and death rates due to the disease. Data were reported corresponding to 473 cases, which represents 9.8% of all diagnosed breast carcinomas in the 23 participating centers. Only 425 could be ultimately evaluated, corresponding to approximately 27% of all incident in situ breast carcinoma cases in Spain during 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About two-thirds of patients were surgically treated by lumpectomy, and one-third by mastectomy. A strikingly high number of patients had their axillary lymph nodes studied, by means of either sentinel node biopsy (21.9%) or lymphadenectomy (19.3%). Five-year global survival was 99.5%, and disease-free survival 96.9%. The only factor significantly associated with tumor recurrence was tumor microinvasion (p=0.05). In a second, restricted model stratified by microinvasion, the only factor emerging as significantly associated with a better outcome was having received hormonal therapy (p=0.03), but only in the group of pure in situ carcinomas, without microinvasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prospective randomized trials are mandatory to achieve an agreement about the best treatment for DCIS. As long as the current discrepancy exists, we should probably err on the conservative side, and not subject our patients to unnecessary therapeutic aggressiveness.
authors.affiliation: Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: ignaciozapardiel@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zapardiel
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xercavins
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000601:surgery; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011379:Prognosis; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Breast cancer; In situ carcinoma; Microinvasion