title: Racial/ethnic differences in inpatient mortality and use of institutional postacute care following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine racial/ethnic differences in inpatient mortality rates and the use of institutional postacute care following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of hospital discharges for SAH was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2005-2010. Discharges with a principal diagnosis of SAH were identified and abstracted using the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnostic code. Racial/ethnic groups were defined as white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and American Indian. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed comparing racial/ethnic groups with respect to the primary outcome of risk of in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome of likelihood of discharge to institutional care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 31,631 discharges were related to SAH. Race/ethnicity was a significant predictor of death (p = 0.003) and discharge to institutional care (p ≤ 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, compared with white patients, API patients were at higher risk of death (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13-1.59) and Hispanic patients were at lower risk of death (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97). The likelihood of discharge to institutional care was statistically similar between white, Hispanic, API, and Native American patients. Black patients were more likely to be discharged to institutional care compared with white patients (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14-1.40), but were similar to white patients in the risk of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant racial/ethnic differences are present in the risk of inpatient mortality and discharge to institutional care among patients with SAH in the US. Outcome is likely to be poor among API patients and best among Hispanic patients compared with other groups.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery.
authors.forename: Blessing N R
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Jaja
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saposnik
authors.forename: Rosane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nisenbaum
authors.forename: Benjamin W Y
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Tom A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: R Loch
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Macdonald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044382:Population Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology