title: Sources, factors, mechanisms and possible solutions to pollutants in marine ecosystems.
abstract: Algal toxins or red-tide toxins produced during algal blooms are naturally-derived toxic emerging contaminants (ECs) that may kill organisms, including humans, through contaminated fish or seafood. Other ECs produced either naturally or anthropogenically ultimately flow into marine waters. Pharmaceuticals are also an important pollution source, mostly due to overproduction and incorrect disposal. Ship breaking and recycle industries (SBRIs) can also release various pollutants and substantially deteriorate habitats and marine biodiversity. Overfishing is significantly increasing due to the global food crisis, caused by an increasing world population. Organic matter (OM) pollution and global warming (GW) are key factors that exacerbate these challenges (e.g. algal blooms), to which acidification in marine waters should be added as well. Sources, factors, mechanisms and possible remedial measures of these challenges to marine ecosystems are discussed, including their eventual impact on all forms of life including humans.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 46 Guanshui Road, Guiyang 550002, China. Electronic address: mostofa@vip.gyig.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Khan M G
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mostofa
authors.forename: Cong-Qiang
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vione
authors.forename: Kunshan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005398:Fisheries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005399:Fishes; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012767:Ships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Acidification; Algal blooms; Overfishing; Pharmaceuticals; Ship breaking