title: Breakdown of long-range temporal dependence in default mode and attention networks during deep sleep.
abstract: The integration of segregated brain functional modules is a prerequisite for conscious awareness during wakeful rest. Here, we test the hypothesis that temporal integration, measured as long-term memory in the history of neural activity, is another important quality underlying conscious awareness. For this aim, we study the temporal memory of blood oxygen level-dependent signals across the human nonrapid eye movement sleep cycle. Results reveal that this property gradually decreases from wakefulness to deep nonrapid eye movement sleep and that such decreases affect areas identified with default mode and attention networks. Although blood oxygen level-dependent spontaneous fluctuations exhibit nontrivial spatial organization, even during deep sleep, they also display a decreased temporal complexity in specific brain regions. Conversely, this result suggests that long-range temporal dependence might be an attribute of the spontaneous conscious mentation performed during wakeful rest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tagliazucchi
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: von Wegner
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morzelewski
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brodbeck
authors.forename: Kolja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahnke
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laufs
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: EEG–functional MRI; consciousness; long-range correlations; multi-modal; resting state