title: The standardized herbal formula, PM014, ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PM014 on cigarette smoke induced lung disease in the murine animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 2 weeks to induce COPD-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to cigarette smoke exposure, the treatment group was administered PM014 via an oral injection. To investigate the effects of PM014, we assessed PM014 functions in vivo, including immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and histopathological changes in the lung. The efficacy of PM014 was compared with that of the recently developed anti-COPD drug, roflumilast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PM014 substantially inhibited immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) into the airway. In addition, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased in the BAL fluid of PM014-treated mice compared to cigarette smoke stimulated mice. These changes were more prominent than roflumilast treated mice. The expression of PAS-positive cells in the bronchial layer was also significantly reduced in both PM014 and roflumilast treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that PM014 exerts strong therapeutic effects against CS induced, COPD-like lung inflammation. Therefore, this herbal medicine may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation in general, as well as a specific agent for COPD treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea. hbae@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kyoung-Keun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Haam
authors.forename: Soojin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Youngeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Ryel
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Geunhyeog
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Miran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moochang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Minkyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sungki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hyunsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D012906:Smoke; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha