title: Genetic studies of myelomeningocele.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myelomeningocele is one of the major congenital malformations involving the central nervous system. It is caused by a disruption of the neural tube closure, which is completed at 3-4 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidisciplinary approach is necessary to treat and support this malformation which is a huge burden to the patient, family, and the society. This is a characteristic anomaly that it is known that taking folic acid during the periconceptional period, it is possible to reduce the risk of having a neural tube defect (NTD). Although folate fortification had dramatically reduced the incidence, it was not possible to diminish the risk. To date, many studies have been conducted focusing on candidate genes related to folate and glucose metabolism. We will describe a brief review of genetic etiology of candidate genes of metabolic pathways of folate and glucose, animal models of NTDs, and finally recent studies of microRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. shimoji@juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoji
authors.forename: Takaoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tange
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D005492:Folic Acid; D005947:Glucose