title: Micronutrient status of children receiving prolonged enteral nutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the micronutrient status of children receiving prolonged enteral nutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional single-center study included all 64 children (median age 6.8 years) receiving enteral nutrition providing >50% of daily energy intake for more than 6 months (median duration of enteral nutrition 43 months). The characteristics of the patients and mode of enteral nutrition were recorded. The concentrations of iron, zinc, copper, selenium and vitamins A, D, E and C were measured in plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve children (19%) had iron deficiency. A high 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was recorded in 20% of the children, but none had associated hypercalcemia. Fifty-two children (81%) had low zinc concentrations in both plasma and erythrocytes. Plasma zinc, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in children receiving fiber supplementation. Abnormal micronutrient concentrations were found more frequently in the children receiving fiber supplementation. No other predisposing factors were associated with micronutrient deficiencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term enteral nutrition can lead to micronutrient deficiencies in children, whose micronutrient concentrations may require regular checking. Fiber supplementation might reduce the bioavailability of zinc, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Jeanne de Flandre University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University Lille 2, Lille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottrand
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muyshont
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Couttenier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beghin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martigne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coopman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turck
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guimber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gottrand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D003300:Copper; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid