title: Advances in molecular and clinical subtyping of breast cancer and their implications for therapy.
abstract: The identification of the intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer has enhanced our understanding of tumor biology, informing therapeutic targets, and clinical trial design. This article reviews the intrinsic classification system and the clinically defined subtypes of breast cancer. We review the molecular drivers of each subtype and discuss implications for prognosis, clinical management, and future directions.
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cadoo
authors.forename: Tiffany A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Traina
authors.forename: Tari A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: Breast cancer; Endocrine therapy; HER2 positive; Intrinsic subtypes; Resistance; Triple negative