title: Safety risk assessment for vertical concrete formwork activities in civil engineering construction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The construction sector has one of the worst occupational health and safety records in Europe. Of all construction tasks, formwork activities are associated with a high frequency of accidents and injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents an investigation of the activities and related safety risks present in vertical formwork for in-situ concrete construction in the civil engineering sector.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the methodology of staticized groups, twelve activities and ten safety risks were identified and validated by experts. Every safety risk identified in this manner was quantified for each activity using binary methodology according to the frequency and severity scales developed in prior research. A panel of experts was selected according to the relevant literature on staticized groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained show that the activities with the highest risk in vertical formwork tasks are: Plumbing and leveling of forms, cutting of material, handling materials with cranes, and climbing or descending ladders. The most dangerous health and safety risks detected were falls from height, cutting and overexertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research findings provide construction practitioners with further evidence of the hazardous activities associated with concrete formwork construction and a starting point for targeting worker health and safety programmes.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Arquillos
authors.affiliation: Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rubio-Romero
authors.affiliation: Complex Project Management, School of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
authors.forename: Alistair G F
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.affiliation: Construction Engineering Management, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gambatese
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D060389:Construction Industry; D006801:Humans; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000592:standards*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Occupational; expert panel; fall from height