title: Microstructure and bioaccessibility of different carotenoid species as affected by high pressure homogenisation: a case study on differently coloured tomatoes.
abstract: The effect of high pressure homogenisation (HPH) on structure (Bostwick consistency, particle size distribution and microstructure) and carotenoid in vitro bioaccessibility of different tomato pulps was investigated. HPH decreased tomato particle size due to matrix disruption and increased product consistency, probably due to the formation of a fibre network. Homogenisation also resulted in a decrease of in vitro bioaccessibility of lycopene, ζ-carotene, and lutein. Such decrease was attributed to the structuring effect of HPH. An inverse relation between tomato consistency and carotenoid in vitro bioaccessibility was found. This dependency was affected by carotenoid species and its localisation within the matrix. It could be observed that one matrix (e.g. (homogenised) red tomato pulp) can contain carotenoids with a very low bioaccessibility (lycopene) as well as carotenoids with a very high bioaccessibility (lutein), indicating that carotenoid bioaccessibility is not solely dependent on the matrix.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panozzo
authors.forename: Lien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Loey
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manzocco
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nicoli
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D005511:Food Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: High pressure homogenisation; In vitro bioaccessibility; Lutein; Lycopene; Tomato pulp; ζ-Carotene