title: Biodegradability enhancement and detoxification of cork processing wastewater molecular size fractions by ozone.
abstract: Cork boiling wastewater pollutants were fractionated by sequential use of four ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions were obtained: four retentates (>100, 50-100, 20-50 and 10-20 kDa) and one permeate (<10 kDa); which were used to study the correlation of molecular size with biodegradability and toxicity before and after ozonation. The results show that molecular size is correlated with organic load and restrains biodegradability. The fraction with >100 kDa corresponds to 56% of the organic load and the one with <10 kDa only 8%. The biodegradability of fractions increased 182% with fractions molecular size reduction from >100 to <10 kDa and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was from 3436 to 386 mg L(-1). For biodegradability enhancement the best outcome of ozonation was obtained with compounds having molecular size >20 kDa and range from 5% up to 175% for applied ozone doses to COD ratios between 0.15 and 0.38.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit of Textile and Paper Materials, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: diana_cmsantos@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Diana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit of Textile and Paper Materials, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: mlas@ubi.pt.
authors.forename: Lúcia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: ajca@ubi.pt.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit of Textile and Paper Materials, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: rmss@ubi.pt.
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Unit of Textile and Paper Materials, R. Marques de Avila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address: arlindo@ubi.pt.
authors.forename: Arlindo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D029963:Quercus; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Biodegradability; Cork boiling wastewater; Fractionation; Ozone; Toxicity