title: Using the virtual action planning-supermarket for evaluating executive functions in people with stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objectives are (1) to establish construct validity by comparing task performance with the Virtual Action Planning-Supermarket (VAP-S) by patients with stroke to healthy matched control subjects, (2) to establish concurrent validity by exploring relationships between VAP-S performance and Executive Functions (EFs) and ecological validity by exploring relationships between VAP-S performance and the Observed Tasks of Daily Living-Revised (OTDL-R), a measure of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and (3) to determine which measures predict IADL performance in patients with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research group included 24 men and women, aged 44-65 years, poststroke and the control group included 24 matched healthy people. The VAP-S and the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) were administered to evaluate EF. The stroke patients were tested with the OTDL-R.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between groups were found for 2 outcome measures of the VAP-S. In the research group, significant (P ≤ .05) moderate correlations were found between the VAP-S number of purchases and the BADS key search subtest (r = .48) and between the VAP-S number of correct actions and both the BADS action program (r = .47) and key search (r = .52) subtests. An exploratory stepwise multiple regression showed that the VAP-S number of correct actions and the profile score of the BADS were able to predict 56.2% of OTDL-R performance for the clients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VAP-S showed adequate validity and an ability to predict IADL performance, providing support for its use in cognitive stroke rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: naomij@research.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Josman
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Rehabilitation department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kizony
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Rehabilitation department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Patrice L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Handicaps et Innovations Technologiques (HIT), Laboratoire des Arts et Métiers ParisTech d'Angers (LAMPA), Arts et Metiers ParisTech Angers-Laval, Ramat Gan, France.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klinger
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Functional virtual environment; Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; executive functions; stroke