title: Veterans Health Administration vocational services for Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom Veterans with mental health conditions.
abstract: High rates of mental health conditions and unemployment are significant problems facing Veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF). We examined two national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) databases from fiscal years 2008-2009: a larger database (n = 75,607) of OIF/OEF Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder, or traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a smaller subset (n = 1,010) of those Veterans whose employment was tracked during their participation in VHA vocational services. Only 8.4% of Veterans in the larger database accessed any vocational services and retention was low, with most Veterans attending one or two appointments. Veterans with TBI and with more mental health conditions overall were more likely to access vocational services. Only 2.2% of Veterans received evidence-based supported employment. However, supported employment was effective, with 51% of those Veterans receiving it obtaining competitive work. Effect sizes quantifying the effect of supported employment provision on competitive work attainment, number of jobs, job tenure, and retention in vocational services were large. Given the high success rate of supported employment for these Veterans, additional supported employment specialists for this population would be expected to improve work outcomes for post-9/11 Veterans who want assistance returning to work.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr (116A), San Diego, CA 92161. elizabeth.twamley@va.gov.
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Twamley
authors.forename: Dewleen G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Sonya B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: James O E
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Pittman
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lohr
authors.forename: Sandra G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014478:Unemployment; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult