title: Electrophysiologic consequences of flexible electrode insertions in gerbils with noise-induced hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Flexible electrode interaction with intracochlear structures in a noise-damaged region of the cochlea can lead to measureable electrophysiologic changes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  An emerging goal in cochlear implantation is preservation of residual hearing subsequently allowing for combined electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS). However, residual hearing is at least partially lost in most patients as a result of electrode insertion. A gerbil model was used to examine changes to acoustically evoked cochlear potentials during simulated cochlear implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gerbils were partially deafened by noise exposure to mimic residual hearing in human cochlear implant candidates. After 1 month, round window and intracochlear recordings during flexible electrode insertion were made in response to 1 kHz tone burst stimuli at 80 dB SPL. After the insertion, the cochleas were histologically examined for hair cell loss because of the noise exposure and trauma because of the electrode insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomic damage from the flexible electrode was not observable in most cases. However, insertions caused response declines that were, on average, greater than the controls, although some losses were similar to the controls. The CM was more sensitive than the CAP for detecting cochlear disturbance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because response reductions occurred in the absence of anatomic damage, disturbances in the fluid at the base appear to affect responses from the apex. The losses were less than in previous experiments where the basilar membrane was penetrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Baishakhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Oliver Franz
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Adunka
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Awan
authors.forename: John Maxwell
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006320:Hearing Tests; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery