title: Benchmarking local healthcare-associated infections: available benchmarks and interpretation challenges.
abstract: Growing numbers of healthcare facilities are routinely collecting standardized data on healthcare-associated infection (HAI), which can be used not only to track internal performance but also to compare local data to national and international benchmarks. Benchmarking overall (crude) HAI surveillance metrics without accounting or adjusting for potential confounders can result in misleading conclusions. Methods commonly used to provide risk-adjusted metrics include multivariate logistic regression analysis, stratification, indirect standardization, and restrictions. The characteristics of recognized benchmarks worldwide, including the advantages and limitations are described. The choice of the right benchmark for the data from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states is challenging. The chosen benchmark should have similar data collection and presentation methods. Additionally, differences in surveillance environments including regulations should be taken into consideration when considering such a benchmark. The GCC center for infection control took some steps to unify HAI surveillance systems in the region. GCC hospitals still need to overcome legislative and logistic difficulties in sharing data to create their own benchmark. The availability of a regional GCC benchmark may better enable health care workers and researchers to obtain more accurate and realistic comparisons.
authors.affiliation: Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States and WHO Collaborating Center for Infection Prevention & Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Aiman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Saed
authors.forename: Hanan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Balkhy
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking / Q000379:methods*; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D019371:Topography, Medical
keywords: Benchmarking; Comparison; Healthcare-associated infections; Surveillance