title: Evolutionary engineering and transcriptomic analysis of nickel-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Increased exposure to nickel compounds and alloys due to industrial development has resulted in nickel pollution and many pathological effects on human health. However, there is very limited information about nickel response, transport, and tolerance in eukaryotes. To investigate nickel resistance in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, evolutionary engineering by batch selection under gradually increasing nickel stress levels was performed. Nickel hyper-resistant mutants that could resist up to 5.3 mM NiCl2 , a lethal level for the reference strain, were selected. The mutants were also cross-resistant against iron, cobalt, zinc, and manganese stresses and accumulated more than twofold higher nickel than the reference strain. Global transcriptomic analysis revealed that 640 upregulated genes were related to iron homeostasis, stress response, and oxidative damage, implying that nickel resistance may share common mechanisms with iron and cobalt resistance, general stress response, and oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Technical University, Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Küçükgöze
authors.forename: Ceren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alkım
authors.forename: Ülkü
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: H İbrahim
authors.initials: Hİ
authors.lastname: Kısakesen
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gündüz
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Z Petek
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Çakar
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D009154:Mutation; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel
keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; evolutionary engineering; inverse metabolic engineering; nickel resistance; stress resistance; yeast DNA microarray analysis