title: Pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose/microfibrillated cellulose composite scaffolds for tissue engineering.
abstract: Highly porous three-dimensional scaffolds made of biopolymers are of great interest in tissue engineering applications. A novel scaffold composed of pectin, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were synthesised using lyophilisation technique. The optimised scaffold with 0.1% MFC, C(0.1%), showed highest compression modulus (~3.987 MPa) and glass transition temperature (~103 °C). The pore size for the control scaffold, C(0%), was in the range of 30-300 μm while it was significantly reduced to 10-250 μm in case of C(0.1%). Using micro computed tomography, the porosity of C(0.1%) was estimated to be 88%. C(0.1%) showed excellent thermal stability and lower degradation rate compared to C(0%). The prepared samples were also characterised using XRD and FTIR. C(0.1%) showed controlled water uptake ability and in vitro degradation in PBS. It exhibited highest cell viability on NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line. These results suggest that these biocompatible composite scaffolds can be used for tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne, BP 92116, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France. neethuninan85@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Neethu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ninan
authors.forename: Muthunarayanan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muthiah
authors.forename: In-Kyu
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elain
authors.forename: Sabu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Grohens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D016062:Porosity; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose
keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose; Lyophilisation; Microfibrillated cellulose; Pectin; Porosity; Scaffold