title: Sheep colon acellular matrix: Immunohistologic, biomechanical, scanning electron microscopic evaluation and collagen quantification.
abstract: Colon decellularization provides three-dimensional biologic scaffold without any cell elements with preservation of extracellular matrix in order to enable autologous cell seeding for tissue augmentation without any immunological response. This study was performed to investigate the safety and feasibility of sheep colon decellularization as a first step of colon tissue engineering. The process of sheep colon decellularization was done in four stages which included scaffold preparation, histologic examination and microscopic investigations to reveal the remaining cellular deposits, biomechanical evaluation and collagen quantification studies by measurement of hydroxyproline content of normal and decellularized sheep colon. Decellularized colon scaffold revealed complete cell removal under a light microscope while 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, di-hydrochloride (DAPI) staining confirmed no deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) residues. Decellularized colon displayed preserved ultrastructure, comparable biophysical properties (resistance to unidirectional stretch forces) and higher hydroxyproline content. The results of biomechanical tests proved that the decellularized matrix did not bear any unexpected damages or structural changes which would make it unable to tolerate in vivo forces and stretches. The microscopic images captured after staining the tissue with Picro-sirius red also showed that the collagen in extracellular matrix is well preserved; this was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. This implies that the scaffold prepared by this method is suitable for tissue augmentation or transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, 62 Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1419733151, Iran. Electronic address: kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, 62 Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1419733151, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masoumi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, 62 Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1419733151, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, 62 Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1419733151, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Borjian
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, 62 Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1419733151, Iran.
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, 62 Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 1419733151, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mohseni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012756:Sheep; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D004247:DNA; D006909:Hydroxyproline
keywords: Colon; Decellularization; Extracellular matrix (ECM); Sheep; Tissue engineering