title: Indenopyride derivative RTI-4587-073(l): a candidate for male contraception in stallions.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether an indenopyridine derivative RTI-4587-073(l) was a good candidate for male contraception in horses. We hypothesized that a single administration of RTI-4587-073(l) causes significant suppression of testicular function in stallions without affecting sexual behavior. Three Miniature horse stallions received a single dose of 12.5 mg/kg RTI-4587-073(l) orally (group "treated"), whereas three other Miniature horse stallions received placebo only (group "control"). Semen was collected and evaluated from all stallions twice a week for three baseline weeks and 13 post-treatment weeks. Sexual behavior was video-recorded and analyzed. Testicular dimensions were measured using ultrasonography, and blood samples were drawn for endocrine evaluation once before treatment and once a week during the post-treatment period. Single administration of RTI-4587-073(l) caused severe oligoasthenozoospermia (low sperm number and low motility), shedding large numbers of immature germ cells in semen, and increased FSH concentrations in treated stallions. These effects were fully reversible within ∼71 days. However, libido and copulatory behavior remained unchanged throughout the entire experiment. We concluded that RTI-4587-073(l) was a promising candidate for male contraceptive in domestic stallions. Further research should be performed to test this compound for fertility control in wildlife and humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Electronic address: PozorM@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Malgorzata A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pozor
authors.forename: Margo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: Sue M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nollin
authors.forename: Janet F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Roser
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Runyon
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mats H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Troedsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007192:Indenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C435918:CDB 4022; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male; D007192:Indenes; D010880:Piperidines; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: FSH; Indenopyridine; Male contraception; Sexual behavior; Stallion semen; Wildlife