title: Fully-customized lingual appliances: how lingual orthodontics became a viable treatment option.
abstract: Despite being available for over 30 years, it is perhaps only over the past decade or so that lingual therapy has entered into the mainstream and become a viable treatment option. This paper outlines the problems encountered with traditional lingual techniques and describes how fully-customized lingual appliances have been designed to overcome many of the issues that had risked confining lingual orthodontics to the margins of clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Total Orthodontics Ltd, Kent, UK. richardortho@mac.com
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Biomechanics; CAD/CAM; fully-customized; lingual