title: Oral adverse reactions due to cinnamon-flavoured chewing gums consumption.
abstract: Cinnamon-flavoured products (toothpaste, chewing gum, food, candy and mouthwash) can cause oral adverse reactions; among these, the most common is contact stomatitis (cinnamon contact stomatitis, CCS). Signs and symptoms of contact allergic reactions affecting the oral mucosa can mimic other common oral disorders, making diagnosis difficult. As CCS may be more prevalent than believed and its clinical features can frequently determine misdiagnosis, we reviewed case reports and case series of oral adverse reactions due to cinnamon-containing chewing gums, emphasizing clinical aspects, diagnostic and management procedures. We also proposed an algorithm to perform a diagnosis of CCS as in the previous published literature the diagnostic approach was not based on a harmonized and shared evidence-based procedure. Moreover, as patients can refer to different specialists as dentists, dermatologists and allergists, a multidisciplinary approach is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'G. Martino', Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calapai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miroddi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mannucci
authors.forename: Pl
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minciullo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangemi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002638:Chewing Gum; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D005421:Flavoring Agents
keywords: chewing-gum; cinnamon; hypersensitivity; oral adverse reaction; patch test; stomatitis