title: Occupational accidents in professional dancers with regard to different professional dance styles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The term "professional dance" comprises various dance styles. There are no studies which investigated work related traumatic injuries with regard to five different dance styles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define dance-style related differences of traumatic injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The basis for the evaluation were the occupational injuries of professional dancers of six theaters (n=1339; f: n=658, m: n=681) and one State Ballet School (n=612; f:n=421, m: n=191).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent of the dance style, the lower extremity (leg and hip) is the most frequently injured anatomical region (p< 0.001). The more dancers move away from the classical dance technique, the more traumatic head/neck injuries increase (p<0.001). Injury patterns and injured structures also show differences subject to dance styles (p< 0.001). In classical dance the most commonly sustained injuries are due to intrinsic factors with the significance of extrinsic factors increasing the more dancers diverge from defined classical dance techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results shown in the study clarify the enormous dance-style related differences in traumatic injuries sustained by dancers. These differences support the development of dance-style related injury prevention measures and suggest further investigations with the focus being placed on the influence of organizational structures (e.g. number of performances) as well as on the working environments.
authors.affiliation: Dance Medicine Department, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Eileen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wanke
authors.affiliation: Department Prevention, Unfallkasse Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmgard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mill
authors.affiliation: Department Prevention, Unfallkasse Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arendt
authors.affiliation: Department Nursing and Management, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences,Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wanke
authors.affiliation: Dance Medicine Department, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Dance Medicine Department, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Groneberg
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003615:Dancing / Q000293:injuries*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000150:complications; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Traumatic injuries; extrinsic/intrinsic factors; professional dance