title: Ospemifene 12-month safety and efficacy in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of 12-month safety of ospemifene 60 mg/day for treatment of postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, women 40-80 years with VVA and an intact uterus were randomized 6 : 1 to ospemifene 60 mg/day or placebo. The primary objective was 12-month safety, particularly endometrial; 12-week efficacy was assessed. Safety assessments included endometrial histology and thickness, and breast and gynecological examinations. Efficacy evaluations included changes from baseline to week 12 in percentage of superficial and parabasal cells and vaginal pH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 426 randomized subjects, 81.9% (n = 349) completed the study with adverse events the most common reason for discontinuation (ospemifene 9.5%; placebo 3.9%). Most (88%) treatment-emergent adverse events with ospemifene were considered mild or moderate. Three cases (1.0%) of active proliferation were observed in the ospemifene group. For one, active proliferation was seen at end of study week 52, and diagnosed as simple hyperplasia without atypia on follow-up biopsy 3 months after the last dose. This subsequently resolved with progestogen treatment and dilatation and curettage. In six subjects (five ospemifene (1.4%), one placebo (1.6%)) endometrial polyps were found (histopathology); however, only one (ospemifene) was confirmed as a true polyp during additional expert review. Endometrial histology showed no evidence of carcinoma. Statistically significant improvements were seen for all primary and secondary efficacy measures and were sustained through week 52 with ospemifene vs. placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this 52-week study confirm the tolerance and efficacy of oral ospemifene previously reported in short- and long-term studies.
authors.affiliation: * New York University School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Koninckx
authors.forename: V H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Portman
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ylikorkala
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy / Q000188:drug therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014844:Vulva / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen; C119141:Ospemifene