title: Bioequivalence study of two formulations of candesartan cilexetil tablet in healthy subjects under fasting conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was conducted to compare the bioavailability of two candesartan cilexetil 16 mg tablet formulations (test and reference formulations).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized, single- blind, two-period, cross-over study which included 24 healthy adult male and female subjects under fasting conditions. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined based on the concentrations of candesartan (CAS 139481-59-7), using ultra-pressure high-performance liquid chromatography with a tandem mass spectrometer detector. In each of the two study periods (separated by a washout period of 1 week), a single dose of test or reference product was administered. The pharmacokinetic parameters assessed were area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) from time 0 hours to 24 hours, AUC from time zero to infinity, the peak plasma concentration of the drug (Cmax), time to achieve the Cmax, and the elimination half-life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of the test drug/reference drug for candesartan were 100.92% (92.15%-110.52%) for the AUC from 0 hours to 24 hours, 100.24% (92.24%-108.95%) for the AUC from time zero to infinity, and 106.71% (93.20%-122.18%) for the Cmax. The differences between the test and reference product in the time to achieve Cmax values and elimination half-life values were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The 90% confidence intervals of the test/reference AUC ratio and Cmax ratio of candesartan were within the acceptance range for bioequivalence. There was no adverse event encountered during this bioequivalence study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the two candesartan tablet formulations (the test and reference product) were bioequivalent.
authors.affiliation: Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medical Group Indonesia, Kawasan Industri Jababeka II, Cikarang, Indonesia. raymond@dexa-medica.com
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Tjandrawinata
authors.forename: Effi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Setiawati
authors.forename: Danang Agung
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Yunaidi
authors.forename: Ronal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simanjuntak
authors.forename: Iwan Dwi
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Liana W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Susanto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013607:Tablets; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013607:Tablets; D013777:Tetrazoles; C077793:candesartan cilexetil
keywords: angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist; antihypertension; bioavailability; bioequivalence; candesartan; pharmacokinetics