title: Predictive factors for pediatric patients requiring massive blood transfusion during living donor liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to identify the preoperative risk factors that may predict the requirement of massive blood transfusion during pediatric living donor liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anesthesia charts of pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were grouped into 2 categories based on the amount of intraoperative blood transfusion. Group I (GI) consists of patients who received massive blood transfusion and Group II (GII) consists of patients who did not receive massive blood transfusion. The patients' characteristics and preoperative data were compared between groups with the Mann-Whitney U test. Predictive risk factors for massive blood transfusion were analyzed by binary regression. A p value of <0.05 was regarded as significant. Data are given as mean ±SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 198 pediatric patients were included in this study. Thirteen (6.5%) of the 198 pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation met the criteria of massive blood transfusion. The mean estimated blood volume of GI and GII was 724±322 and 1097±830 ml, respectively. The mean quantity of blood products given were 1018±591 and 187±220 ml for GI and GII, respectively. RBC was given to 67% of the patients, FFP was given to 18%, and only 1% received platelet transfusion. The patients who required massive blood transfusion were younger in age and had smaller body size, with prolonged INR (international normalized ratio) observed. INR, a measure of blood clotting time, was the only predictive factor that can impact intraoperative massive blood loss and subsequent blood transfusion. Each prolongation of 0.1 unit of INR elevates by 1.083-fold the risk of massive blood transfusion (95% C.I.=1.030-1.139, P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative INR was the only predictive risk factor for massive blood transfusion during pediatric living donor liver transplantation. Increasing the ratio of FFP transfusion in patients with prolonged INR before or during pediatric LDLT is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kwok-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chao-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shao-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsiao
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Sheng-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jawan
authors.forename: Chih-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors