title: Ergonomic procedure for heel sticks and shots in Kangaroo Care (skin-to-skin) position.
abstract: Kangaroo Care (KC) has been recommended as a pain-reducing strategy in neonates; however, KC has not been widely used to minimize procedural pain caused in part by nurses'/phlebotomists' discomfort when positioning themselves and the infant for blood drawing and injections. Therefore, an ergonomically designed setup incorporating the use of KC was introduced into clinical practice to facilitate blood draws and injections. The step-by-step procedure used for heel sticks and injections is presented in this manuscript. After implementing the ergonomic step-by-step protocol, complaints of discomfort by nurses and phlebotomists ceased, and an additional benefit was that infant pain responses were significantly reduced.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Road, Unit 2026, Storrs, CT 06269-2026, USA. xiaomei.cong@uconn.edu
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ludington-Hoe
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaffetti
mesh_terms: D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000451:nursing*; D007267:Injections / Q000451:nursing*; D060127:Kangaroo-Mother Care Method / Q000379:methods; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing