title: Peripheral gangrene: A rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a child.
abstract: METHODS
  Female, 12 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Antiphospholipid positive SLE Symptoms: Gangrene • Raynaud's phenomenon • autoamputation of the terminal phalanx of the second left hand finger
  
  
  METHODS
  Prednisolone • mycophenolate mofetil • captopril Clinical Procedure: Renal Biopsy • treatment of lupus nephritis • control of hypertension Specialty: Pediatric rheumatology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Unusual clinical course.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  SLE in children has many manifestations. In several studies on SLE in children, gangrene and Raynaud phenomenon have been described as a rare manifestation of SLE during its course in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the case of a 12-year-old girl referred to our center, presenting with peripheral gangrene plus Raynaud's phenomenon, who proved to have SLE. Our patient was treated with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil. She appeared to respond to this combination judging by the disappearance of the digital cyanosis, appearance of extremity pulses, and return of renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case highlights the importance of precise management and awareness of very rare manifestations of a common disease like SLE. Gangrene can be initial symptom of SLE in children. We recommend SLE evolution in all children with gangrene symptom.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ziaee
authors.forename: Mehrnoush Hassas
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yeganeh
authors.forename: Mohammad-Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moradinejad
keywords: Raynaud phenomenon; children; gangrene; systemic lupus erythematosus