title: Characterization of Insecticidal Genes of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Isolated from Arid Environments.
abstract: This study aimed at characterizing the insecticidal genes of eight Bacillus thuringiensis isolates that were recovered from the local environment of western Saudi Arabia. The screening for the presence of lepidopteran-specific cry1A family and vip3A genes, dipteran-specific cry4 family and coleopteran-specific cry3A, vip1A and vip2A genes, was carried out by PCR. All eight isolates produced PCR products that confirmed the presence of cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry4A, cry4B genes, but not cry3A, vip1A and vip2A genes. However, three isolates only were found to carry vip3A genes as revealed by PCR. The observation of cry1 and cry4 genes suggests that these eight isolates may have dual activity against Lepidoptera and Diptera species, while three isolates possessed vip3 genes in addition to cry1 and cry4 which suggests that these three isolates have toxic crystals and vegetative proteins. The results of this study are interesting in the sense that they may help developing new strategies for controlling insects of economic and medical importance in Saudi Arabia, using B. thuringiensis strains that naturally exist in the local environment instead of the current control strategies that are based solely on chemical insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7388, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hussein H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Abulreesh
authors.forename: Gamal E H
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Abdulrahman S A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Assaeedi
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; PCR; cry Genes; vip Genes