title: Vulvo-vaginitis in prepubertal girls: new ways of administering old drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of local vs systemic antibiotic treatment in the management of recurrent vulvovaginitis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized treatment and follow-up of 90 cases of persistent vulvovaginitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Molise, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2009 and December 2012, 90 prepubertal girls (Tanner Stage I) aged 6-12 years, with recurrent discharge not responding to common hygienic measures and not suspected of being sexually abused, were treated, 45 patients with oral antibiotic treatment (group 1) and 45 patients with a local antibiotic treatment (group 2). Vaginal cultures were prepared before treatment and follow-ups were made after 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial pathogens were isolated in vaginal secretions of 84/90 (93%) girls. There were 6 girls receiving antibiotic treatment who had persistent discharge and repetitive isolations of Escherichia coli. Administration type was selected at random. Symptoms and signs were resolved in all girls, but we observed 1 recurrence (2.22%) in group 2 vs 6 recurrences (13.33%) in group 1 (P = .049). In group 1 we observed 3 cases (6.67%) of gastro-intestinal side effects vs no cases in group 2 (P = .079).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical medication based on netilmicin, associated with Benzalkonium-Chloride, showed a clinical and microbiological effectiveness in first-line treatment of bacterial vulvovaginitis in children, comparable to conventional drugs; so local treatment may be a good alternative to systemic treatment decreasing the use of oral antibiotics in young people and related risks of bacterial resistances.
authors.affiliation: University of Molise, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campobasso, Italy. Electronic address: edoardo.tartaglia@unimol.it.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tartaglia
authors.forename: Brunella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giugliano
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ucciferri
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannattasio
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Valentina Letizia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Iannaccone
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mastrantonio
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D020682:Cefixime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009428:Netilmicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012008:Recurrence; D014848:Vulvovaginitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009428:Netilmicin; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D017963:Azithromycin; D020682:Cefixime
keywords: Children; Vaginal discharge; Vulvovaginitis