title: Solitary fibrous tumors of the kidneys: presentation, evaluation, and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are spindle cell neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, and very rare with only 46 cases reported worldwide to date. It is crucial to differentiate this tumor from other tumors of the kidney, so as to avoid unnecessary treatment. Therefore, our objective was to review reports of renal SFTs, their clinical presentations, imaging methods, and surgical management, updated to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed articles published in the USA, Europe, and Asia from 1996 to date using PubMed, Medscape, Medline, and several major journals. We report on areas of controversy and well-established guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 58 articles which confirmed, with a high level of evidence-based medicine, that the male-to-female ratio is equal and their most common presentation is an incidental finding on a radiological study, in which it is difficult to differentiate them from renal cell carcinoma. Nephrectomy is the gold standard treatment, with almost no recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In symptomatic patients, complete surgical resection of renal SFTs may provide a very good outcome, with almost no recurrence.
authors.affiliation: American University of Beirut, Division of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nazih
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khater
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khauli
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahait
authors.forename: Jad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Degheili
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khalifeh
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D054364:Solitary Fibrous Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome