title: [Activation of mTOR in maldeveloped balloon cells and dysmorphic neurons of type II focal cortical dysplasia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase was abnormally activated in maldeveloped balloon cells and dysmorphic neurons of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) with refractory epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 archival cases of FCD typeIIwith medically intractable epilepsy treated between 2008 and 2010 were retrieved. Perilesional brain tissue was used as control specimens (n = 8). The expression of phosphorylated p-AKT (Ser473), p-mTOR (Ser2448) and p-P70S6K (Thr389) was investigated by imunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of p-AKT (Ser473), p-mTOR (Ser2448) and p-P70S6K (Thr389) was found in meldeveloped balloon cells and dysmorphic neurons of FCD. A weak stain in a small amount of pyramid neurons was also found in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal activation of mTOR in maldeveloped balloon cells and dysmorphic neurons of FCD may be a key molecular mechanism underlying the histological changes and repeated seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuan-xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: De-zhi
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Zhong-xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xing-fu
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D065703:Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I; D064231:Nestin / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D064231:Nestin; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases