title: Lost in translation: endoplasmic reticulum stress and the decline of β-cell health in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Emerging data illustrate a pivotal role for activation of β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in diabetes pathophysiology. The purpose of this review is to appraise the evidence for β-cell ER stress in human type 1 and 2 diabetes, review the molecular signalling pathways involved in the unfolded protein response and ER stress signalling, and to provide data from polyribosome profiling to illustrate the impact of ER stress on the mRNA translation response. Finally, we will discuss existing and novel therapeutic strategies that target β-cell ER stress and discuss their use in rodent and human type 1 and 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. cevansmo@iu.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evans-Molina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mirmira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: ER stress; diabetes; islet; mRNA translation; polyribosome