title: Effective DQE (eDQE) for monoscopic and stereoscopic chest radiography imaging systems with the incorporation of anatomical noise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stereoscopic chest biplane correlation imaging (stereo∕BCI) has been proposed as an alternative modality to single view chest x-ray (CXR). The metrics effective modulation transfer function (eMTF), effective normalized noise power spectrum (eNNPS), and effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) have been proposed as clinically relevant metrics for assessing clinical system performance taking into consideration the magnification and scatter effects. This study compared the metrics eMTF, eNNPS, eDQE, and detectability index for stereo∕BCI and single view CXR under isodose conditions at two magnifications for two anthropomorphic phantoms of differing sizes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements for the eMTF were taken for two phantom sizes with an opaque edge test device using established techniques. The eNNPS was measured at two isodose conditions for two phantoms using established techniques. The scatter was measured for two phantoms using an established beam stop method. All measurements were also taken at two different magnifications with two phantoms. A geometrical phantom was used for comparison with prior results for CXR although the results for an anatomy free phantom are not expected to vary for BCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stereo∕BCI resulted in improved metrics compared to single view CXR. Results indicated that magnification can potentially improve the detection performance primarily due to the air gap which reduced scatter by ∼20%. For both phantoms, at isodose, eDQE(0) for stereo∕BCI was ∼100 times higher than that for CXR. Magnification at isodose improved eDQE(0) by ∼10 times for stereo∕BCI. Increasing the dose did not improve eDQE. The detectability index for stereo∕BCI was ∼100 times better than single view CXR for all conditions. The detectability index was also not improved with increased dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that stereo∕BCI with magnification may improve detectability of subtle lung nodules compared to single view CXR. Results were improved with magnification for the smaller phantom but not for the larger phantom. The effective DQE and the detectability index did not improve with increasing dose.
authors.affiliation: Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA. boyces@nc.rr.com
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: Kingshuk Roy
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013909:Thorax / Q000033:anatomy & histology*