title: Significance of CA19-9 in predicting the prognosis of urothelial carcinoma: a hospital based study from Nepal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was undertaken to establish any correlation of elevated levels of CA19-9 with tumor stage or grade of urothelial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between 1st July 2012 and 31st December 2012. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. CA19-9 was assayed with an ELISA reader for all cases and expressed in U/ml with 37U/ml taken as the cut-off upper value for normal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 20 cases enrolled, 15 were of urothelial carcinoma and the remaining 5 were controls. There was marked difference between the mean values of CA19-9 in cases 40.2±19.3U/ml of urothelial carcinoma and controls 7.98±7.34U/ml. The number of cases in Ta, TI, T2, T3, T4 stages of urothelial carcinoma were 2, 6, 3, 3, 1 respectively. The percentage rise in CA19-9 was less with low grade tumors (22.2%) when compared with high grade tumors (66.6%) (p value 0.001*). The percentage of rise in CA19-9 for muscle invasive tumors was very high when compared to superficial tumors. Similarly, the percentage of rise in CA19- 9 for metastatic disease was very high when compared to non-metastatic disease and it was found statistically significant (p value 0.001*).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum CA19-9 levels predicts the prognosis of urothelial carcinoma as it is almost invariably raised in tumors having metastatic spread.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal. dipendrakumar@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dipendra Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Ankush
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Satrudhan Pd
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Brijesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sathian
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009390:Nepal; D011379:Prognosis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen