title: Involvement of opioid and monoaminergic pain pathways in Aegle marmelos induced analgesia in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study analgesic activity and to evaluate the involvement of opioid and monoamines in the antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analgesic activity of methanol extract (ME) of A. marmelos alone (75,150 and 300 mg/kg orally) and in combination with morphine or venlafaxine (subanalgesic) were studied using tail flick test and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The effect of pre-treatment with opioid antagonist naltrexone 1mg/kg was also studied on antinociception induced due to ME.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ME produced a dose-dependent significant antinociceptive activity in the tail flick test and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. (P<0.05) Administration of subanalgesic dose of ME with morphine or venlafaxine also resulted in significant (P<0.05) antinociceptive activity in both the pain models. Pre-treatment with naltrexone inhibited analgesic activity induced by ME alone and combination with morphine or venlafaxine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A.marmelos in induced antinociception is mediated through both opioid and monoaminergic pain pathways, suggest its possible use in chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Gajara Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Saroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kushwah
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kothari
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D045471:Aegle; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009271:Naltrexone; D009020:Morphine; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Aegle marmelos; analgesia; monoamines; opioid; tail flick latency