title: Development of a ruthenium(II) complex-based luminescent probe for hypochlorous acid in living cells.
abstract: A novel Ru(II) complex, [Ru(bpy)2(DNPS-bpy)](PF6)2 (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine, DNPS-bpy: 4-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)methylene-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine), has been designed and synthesized as a highly sensitive and selective luminescence probe for the recognition and detection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in living cells by exploiting a "signaling moiety-recognition linker-quencher" sandwich approach. The complex possesses large stokes shift (170 nm), long emission wavelength (626 nm), and low cytotoxicity. Owing to the effective photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from Ru(II) center to the electron acceptor, 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP), the red-emission of bipyridine-Ru(II) complex was completely withheld. In aqueous media, HOCl can trigger an oxidation reaction to cleave the DNP moiety from the Ru(II) complex, which results in the formation of a highly luminescent bipyridine-Ru(II) complex derivative, [Ru(bpy)2(COOH-bpy)](PF6)2 (COOH-bpy: 4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl-4-carboxylic acid), accompanied by a 190-fold luminescence enhancement. Cell imaging experimental results demonstrated that [Ru(bpy)2(DNPS-bpy)](PF6)2 is membrane permeable, and can be applied for capturing and visualizing the exogenous/endogenous HOCl molecules in living cell samples. The development of this Ru(II) complex probe not only provides a useful tool for monitoring HOCl in living systems, but also strengthens the application of transition metal complex-based luminescent probes for bioimaging.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, Liaoning116012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Run
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Jingli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D012428:Ruthenium