title: Differential impact of the first and second wave of a stress response on subsequent fear conditioning in healthy men.
abstract: Stress is a process of multiple neuroendocrine changes over time. We examined effects of the first-wave and second-wave stress response on acquisition and immediate extinction of differential fear conditioning, assessed by skin conductance responses. In Experiment 1, we placed acquisition either close to the (second-wave) salivary cortisol peak, induced by a psychosocial stressor (experimental group, EG), or after non-stressful pretreatment (control group, CG). Contrary to predictions, groups did not differ in differential responding. In the EG only, mean differential responding was negatively correlated with cortisol increases. In Experiment 2, we placed conditioning near the first-wave stress response, induced by a cold pressor test (CPT), or after a warm-water condition (CG). CPT-stress increased extinction resistance. Moreover, acquisition performance after CPT was positively correlated with first-wave blood pressure increases. Data suggest that mediators of the first-wave stress response enhance fear maintenance whereas second-wave cortisol responsivity to stress might attenuate fear learning.
authors.affiliation: University of Osnabrück, Institute of Psychology, Experimental Psychology II and Biological Psychology, Seminarstrasse 20, D-49074 Osnabrück, Germany. Electronic address: mantov@uni-osnabrueck.de.
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Antov
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wölk
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stockhorst
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Acquisition; Cold pressor test; Cortisol; Fear conditioning; Humans; Immediate extinction; Noradrenaline; Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); Stress