title: Development of low cost medium for ethanol production from syngas by Clostridium ragsdalei.
abstract: The development of a low cost medium for ethanol production is critical for process feasibility. Ten media were formulated for Clostridium ragsdalei by reduction, elimination and replacement of expensive nutrients. Cost analysis and effects of medium components on growth and product formation were investigated. Fermentations were performed in 250 mL bottles using syngas (20% CO, 15% CO2, 5% H2 and 60% N2). The standard medium M1 cost is $9.83/L, of which 93% is attributed to morpholinoethane sulfonic acid (MES) buffer. Statistical analysis of the results showed that MES removal did not affect cell growth and ethanol production (P>0.05). Based on cells' elemental composition, a minimal mineral concentration medium M7 was formulated, which provided 29% higher ethanol yield from CO at 3% of the cost compared to medium M1. Ethanol yield from CO in the completely defined medium M9 was 36% higher than while at 5% the cost of medium M1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Electronic address: hasan.atiyeh@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: Hasan K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Atiyeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Huhnke
mesh_terms: D003013:Clostridium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003470:Culture Media / Q000191:economics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005740:Gases
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005740:Gases; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Clostridium ragsdalei; Defined medium; Ethanol; Medium development; Syngas fermentation