title: A validation study to find highly correlated parameters with visual assessment for clinical evaluation of cosmetic anti-cellulite products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There has been growing interest in cellulite on parts of the body; however, no objective assessment has been specifically established. This study aims to demonstrate an optimized method by comparing the existing assessments of cellulite.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Test 1, for subjects of 20 healthy females who have cellulite, we measured volume and roughness of cellulite using fringe projection method, roughness using replica method, dermo-subcutaneous interface length and subcutaneous thickness using ultrasonography and skin temperature using infrared ray, elasticity and blood flow. In Test 2, we applied an anti-cellulite cosmetic to 28 subjects for 6 weeks and observed if they have any changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Test 1, the effective parameter that is the most correlated with visual assessment was volume of skin measured using fringe projection method (r = 0.780). Dermo-subcutaneous interface length (r = 0.355) and subcutaneous thickness (r = 0.502) measured using ultrasonography followed in order. In Test 2, after applying a tested product, the correlation coefficient of volume of skin, of dermo-subcutaneous interface length and of subcutaneous thickness are 0.409 (P = 0.000), 0.275 (P = 0.016) and 0.311 (P = 0.012) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that visual assessment, volume of skin (cavities), dermo-subcutaneous interface length and subcutaneous thickness are optimized methods for assessing an effect of cosmetics on cellulite.
authors.affiliation: Dermapro/Skin Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Ae
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Young Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Ja Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Ji Hwoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Jae Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D046169:Dermoscopy / Q000379:methods; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D063465:Skin Cream / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: 3D image analysis; anti-cellulite; cellulite; ultrasonography