title: Direct cardiovascular effects of glucagon like peptide-1.
abstract: Current gold standard therapeutic strategies for T2DM target insulin resistance or β cell dysfunction as their core mechanisms of action. However, the use of traditional anti-diabetic drugs, in most cases, does not significantly reduce macrovascular morbidity and mortality. Among emerging anti-diabetic candidates, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapies carry special cardiovascular implications, exerting both direct as well as indirect effects. The direct cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 and its analogs remain the focus of this review.
authors.affiliation: Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Karachi, Pakistan. asfandyarsheikh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Asfandyar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh