title: Establishment of a patient-derived Wilms' tumor xenograft model: a promising tool for individualized cancer therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lack of appropriate approaches that reliably predict response of Wilms' tumor (WT) to anticancer agents remains a major deficiency in clinical practice of individualized cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to establish a patient-derived tumor tissue (PDTT) xenograft model of WT for individualized chemotherapeutic regimen selection in accordance with the patient's tumor nature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor specimens of a primary WT were orthotopically implanted into three nude mice, and after 4 weeks xenografts were harvested for serial heterotopic transplantation in 20 nude mice that were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. In vitro and in vivo chemosensitivity to doxorubicin, actinomycin-D, and vincristine were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical examination with desmin, vimentin, myogenin, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were also applied to determine histological stability of the xenograft during serial transplantation compared with the original tumor tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The xenograft model was successfully established. Histopathologic characteristics of the xenograft tumors were similar to the patient's tumor. Early passage of the PDTT showed a similar chemosensitivity pattern to the original tumor tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDTT xenograft of WT provides an appropriate model for individualized cancer therapeutic regimen selection by means of its biological stability compared with original patient's tumor.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Children's Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mohseni
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Research Center, Iranian Cancer Institute, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amanpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Research Center, Iranian Cancer Institute, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhammadnejad
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Children's Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Research Center, Iranian Cancer Institute, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Ahad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammadnejad
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Children's Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Research Center, Iranian Cancer Institute, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haddadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Research Center, Iranian Cancer Institute, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasei
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Children's Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Islamic Republic of Iran. Electronic address: kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D057285:Precision Medicine; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
keywords: Chemosensitivity; Individualized cancer therapy; Patient-derived tumor tissue xenograft; Wilms' tumor