title: Effect of citric acid on the acidification of artificial pepsin solution for metacercariae isolation from fish.
abstract: Artificial digestive solution based on pepsin is essential for collecting metacercariae from fish. To promote the enzymatic reactivity of pepsin, the pH of the solution has to be adjusted to pH 1.0-2.0. Hydrochloride (HCl) is usually used for this purpose, but the use of HCl raises safety concerns. The aim of this work was to address the usefulness of citric acid as an alternative for HCl for the acidification of pepsin solution, and to examine its potential to damage metacercariae during in vitro digestion as compared with HCl. Changes in pH after adding 1-9% of citric acid (m/v) to pepsin solution were compared to a 1% HCl (v/v) addition. Digestion of fish muscle was evaluated by measuring released protein concentrations by spectrophotometry. In addition, survival rates of metacercariae in pepsin solution were determined at different citric acid concentrations and were compared that of with 1% HCl. The present study shows that addition of citric acid reduced the pH of pepsin solutions to the required level. Addition of more than 5% of citric acid resulted in the effective digestion of fish muscle over 3h in vitro, and 5% citric acid was less lethal to metacercariae than 1% HCl in pepsin solution. Pepsin solution containing 5% citric acid had digestive capacity superior to pepsin solution containing 1% HCl after 3h incubation with released protein concentrations of 12.0 ng/ml for 5% citric acid and 9.6 ng/ml for 1% HCl. Accordingly, the present study suggests that the addition of 5% citric acid to pepsin solution is a good alternative to 1% HCl in infection studies because citric acid is a stable at room temperature and has a good safety profile. In addition, we suggest that the use of citric acid enables the preparation of commercial digestive solutions for the detection of microorganisms in fish and other vertebrate muscle tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.forename: Young-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hyang Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Ki Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seong-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jong-Yil
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D006578:Heterophyidae / Q000502:physiology*; D058488:Metacercariae / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D036441:Osmeriformes; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019343:Citric Acid; D010434:Pepsin A
keywords: Artificial digestive solution; Citric acid; Fish; HCl; Metacercariae; Pepsin