title: Microbleeds in ischemic stroke are associated with lower serum adiponectin and higher soluble E-selectin levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are the important indicators of cerebral small vessel disease. However, it is still unclear whether endothelial dysfunction is involved in CMBs. In this study, we performed a prospective study to investigate the correlation between sE-selectin (soluble E-selectin) or adiponectin and the prevalence of CMBs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 133 consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke for this study. Finally, 126 patients were analyzed. The number and presence of CMBs were detected and evaluated on susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging within two weeks after symptom onset. We assessed the serum levels of adiponectin and sE-selectin for patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CMBs were detected in 63 subjects (50%) within 126 patients and more prevalent in mixed brain regions (55.6%). In binary logistic regression analysis, each 1SD-increase in adiponectin level was significantly conversely associated with the prevalence of CMBs after adjusting for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.36-0.84); but sE-selectin was significantly positively associated with the prevalence of CMBs (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.15). Furthermore, partial correlation analyses showed that sE-selectin remained significantly associated with and correlated conversely to adiponectin (r = -0.452, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelial injury may play a role in the pathogenesis of CMBs, and serum levels of adiponectin and sE-selectin were closely related to CMBs. Adiponectin might be protective for the prevalence of CMBs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 21002, China; Department of Neurology, First Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Putian 351100, China.
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wusheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yongkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lulu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Zuowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Qiankun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Dezhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Minmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; C546936:SELE protein, human
keywords: Adiponectin; Cerebral microbleeds; Endothelial dysfunction; Ischemic stroke; Marker; sE-selectin