title: Introduction to Distribution and Ecology of Sterile Conks of Inonotus obliquus.
abstract: Inonotus obliquus is a fungus that causes white heart rot on several broad-leaved species. This fungus forms typical charcoal-black, sterile conks (chaga) or cinder conks on infected stems of the birche (Betula spp). The dark brown pulp of the sterile conk is formed by a pure mycelial mass of fungus. Chaga are a folk remedy in Russia, reflecting the circumboreal distribution of I. obliquus in boreal forest ecosystems on Betula spp. and in meridional mountain forests on beech (Fagus spp.) in Russia, Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. Distribution at lower latitudes in Western and Southern Europe, Northern America, Asia, Japan, and Korea is rare. Infected trees grow for many years without several symptoms of decline. The infection can penetrate through stem injuries with exterior sterile conks developing later. In the Czech Republic, cinder conk is found on birches inhabiting peat bogs and in mountain areas with a colder and more humid climate, although it is widespread in other broad leaved species over the Czech Republic. The most common hosts are B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica, and F. sylvatica. Less frequent hosts include Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus cerris, Q. petraea, Q. robur, Q. delachampii, and Ulmus sp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Woong
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyeon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Kwang-Choon
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tae-Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kang-Hyeon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ka
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jankovsky
keywords: Betula spp.; Birch; Chaga; Cinder conk; Inonotus obliquus; Sterile conks