title: Fast direct estimation of the blood input function and myocardial time activity curve from dynamic SPECT projections via reduction in spatial and temporal dimensions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reconstruction of parametric images from dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data acquired with slow rotating cameras is a challenge because the estimation of the time-activity curves (TACs) may involve fitting data to an inconsistent underdetermined system of equations. This work presents a novel algorithm for the estimation of the blood input function and myocardial TAC with high accuracy and high efficiency directly from these projections.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the proposed dynamic reconstruction method, the information from the segmentation of functional regions from the static reconstructed image was used as a prior to construct a sparse matrix, through which the spatial distribution of the radioactive tracer was represented. Then the temporal distribution of the radioactive tracer was modeled by nonuniform B-spline basis functions which were determined according to a new selection rule. With reduction in both the spatial and temporal dimensions of the reconstructed image, the blood input function and myocardial TAC were estimated using the 4D maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm. The method was validated using data from both digital phantom simulations and an experimental rat study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the conventional dynamic SPECT reconstruction method without the reduction in spatial dimensions, the proposed method provides more accurate TACs with less computation time in both phantom simulation studies and a rat experimental study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method is promising in both providing more accurate time-activity curves and reducing the computation time, which makes it practical for small animal studies using clinical systems with slow rotating cameras.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China and Rui Jin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zan
authors.forename: Rostyslav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boutchko
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kewei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Grant T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Gullberg
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D000818:Animals; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine