title: Suppression of Transglutaminase-2 is Involved in Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Glucosamine in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Skin Inflammation.
abstract: Glucosamine (GS) is well known for the treatment of inflam-mation. However, the mechanism and efficacy of GS for skin inflammation are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanism of GS in the mouse 12-O-tetradecanoyl 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema model. TPA-induced ear edema was evoked in ICR or transglutaminase 2 (Tgase-2) (-/-) mice. GS was administered orally (10-100 mg/kg) or topically (0.5-2.0 w/v %) prior to TPA treatment. Orally administered GS at 10 mg/kg showed a 76 or 57% reduction in ear weight or myeloperoxidase, respectively, and a decreased expression of cyclooxy-genase-2 (COX-2), NF-κB and Tgase-2 in TPA-induced ear edema by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Role of Tgase-2 in TPA ear edema is examined using Tgase-2 (-/-) mice and TPA did not induce COX-2 expression in ear of Tgase-2 (-/-) mice. These observations suggested that Tgase-2 is involved in TPA-induced COX-2 expression in the inflamed ear of mice and anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine is mediated through suppression of Tgase-2 in TPA ear edema.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 410-820, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hye Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: June Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: You Lee
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Changsun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo Youl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2; Glucosamine; NF-κB; TPA-induced ear edema; Tgase-2 (-/-) mice; Transglutaminase-2