title: Clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumonia and sepsis: multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pneumonia is the primary source of sepsis and is significantly associated with mortality. However, only a few studies focus on its clinical characteristics and outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 500 intensive care unit patients who met severe sepsis or septic shock criteria, dividing them into two distinct groups (43%, sepsis with pneumonia; 41%, sepsis with an infection other than pneumonia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate differences between the groups were observed. The group of sepsis with pneumonia had a higher 28-day in-hospital mortality (41% vs. 30%; P=0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of pneumonia associated significantly with mortality (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.11-2.78) along with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.50-11.74), serum lactate ≥ 3.5 mmol/L (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.20-3.08), and SOFA score ≥ 12 (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.52-3.82). Survival analysis revealed for both groups that the patients with PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio <170 and lactate ≥ 3.5 mmol/L had a worse prognosis than the patients with PF ratio ≥ 170 and lactate ≥ 3.5 mmol/L or PF ratio <170 and lactate <3.5 mmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients admitted with sepsis, the pneumonia infection independently predicts 28-day in-hospital mortality. Combining the levels of serum lactate and PF ratio could be a useful approach in predicting mortality of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea - Kim W.-Y. 1, Lee Y.-J. 2, Yeon Lim S. 3, Ok Koh S. 4, Choi W.-I. 5, Chan Kim S. 6, Rak Chon G. 7, Hyeong Kim J. 8, Yeol Kim J. 9, Lim J. 10, Kook Rhee C. 6, Park S. 11, Cheol Kim H. 12, Hwa Lee J. 13, Hyun Lee J. 14, Park J. 15, Koh Y. 1, Young Suh G. 3, S.-B. Hong S.-B. 1.
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeon Lim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ok Koh
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chan Kim
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rak Chon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyeong Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yeol Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kook Rhee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheol Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwa Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyun Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Young Suh
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis