title: Inter-rater reliability of the Active Straight-Leg Raise and One-Leg Standing tests in non-pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the inter-rater reliability of the Active Straight-Leg Raise and One-Leg Standing tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one women who were either not pregnant or at least 9 months post-partum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects completed a questionnaire and standardized pain and disability assessments. The Active Straight-Leg Raise and One-Leg Standing tests were assessed by 3 independent, blinded examiners. Inter-rater reliability was determined, and relationships with assessments were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the Active Straight-Leg Raise test, the kappa coefficient was 0.87, sensitivity 71%, and specificity 91%. Relationships with various pain and disability assessments were demonstrated, including the Functional Pelvic Pain Scale (r = 0.77) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (r = 0.70). For the One-Leg Standing test, kappa coefficients were -0.02 and 0.14 for the left and right sides, respectively, and thus no further analyses were performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women with a spectrum of low-back and pelvic pain, the Active Straight-Leg Raise test had good inter-rater reliability, whereas the One-Leg Standing test did not. Further studies are required regarding the validity of the Active Straight-Leg Raise test.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, T2N 2T9 Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Evan H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Noorshina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Virani
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gerry
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: M Sarah
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dukelow
authors.forename: Pamela M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results