title: Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, isolated from Sargassum muticum, inhibits CpG-induced inflammatory response by attenuating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
abstract: Sargassum muticum (S. muticum) is a brown edible alga and widely distributed in Korea. This report was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of apo-9'-fucoxanthinone (APO-9') isolated from S. muticum on pro-inflammatory cytokine production. S. muticum extract (SME) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs). APO-9' pre-treatment in the CpG DNA-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production with IC50 values ranging from 5.31 to 13.79. It exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and on activator protein (AP)-1 reporter activity. APO-9' pre-treatment exhibited significant inhibition of CpG DNA-induced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, these data suggest that SME and APO-9' have a significant anti-inflammatory property and warrant further studies concerning the potentials of SME and APO-9' for medicinal use.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Doobyeong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.forename: Sung Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sohyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Heon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Eun-Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hee-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jin-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Nam Ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Young-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000187:drug effects; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044647:Sargassum / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases