title: Image fusion during vascular and nonvascular image-guided procedures.
abstract: Image fusion may be useful in any procedure where previous imaging such as positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) defines information that is referenced to the procedural imaging, to the needle or catheter, or to an ultrasound transducer. Fusion of prior and intraoperative imaging provides real-time feedback on tumor location or margin, metabolic activity, device location, or vessel location. Multimodality image fusion in interventional radiology was initially introduced for biopsies and ablations, especially for lesions only seen on arterial phase CT, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography/CT but has more recently been applied to other vascular and nonvascular procedures. Two different types of platforms are commonly used for image fusion and navigation: (1) electromagnetic tracking and (2) cone-beam CT. Both technologies would be reviewed as well as their strengths and weaknesses, indications, when to use one vs the other, tips and guidance to streamline use, and early evidence defining clinical benefits of these rapidly evolving, commercially available and emerging techniques.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health, Radiology and imaging Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892-1074, USA. abijaoudehn@cc.nih.gov
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abi-Jaoudeh
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobeiter
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bradford J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Fusion; cone-beam CT navigation; electromagnetic tracking; navigation