title: Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay in the ten spotted live-bearer fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), as bioassay for agrochemical-induced genotoxicity.
abstract: The ability of two 48 percent chlorpyrifos-based insecticides (Lorsban* 48E® and CPF Zamba®), two 50 percent pirimicarb-based insecticides (Aficida® and Patton Flow®), and two 48 percent glyphosate-based herbicides (Panzer® and Credit®) to induce DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) exposed under laboratory conditions was evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. In those fish exposed to Lorsban* 48E®, CPF Zamba®, Aficida®, Patton Flow®, Credit®, and Panzer®, a significant increase of the genetic damage was observed for all formulations regardless of the harvesting time. This genotoxic effect was achieved by an enhancement of Type II-IV comets and a concomitant decrease of Type 0-I comets over control values. A regression analysis revealed that the damage varied as a negative function of the exposure time in those Lorsban* 48E®- and Aficida®-treated fish. On the other hand, a positive correlation between damage increase and exposure time was achieved after Patton Flow® and Credit® treatment. Finally, no correlation was observed between increase in the genetic damage and exposure time after treatment with CPF Zamba® or Panzer®. These results highlight that all agrochemicals inflict primary genotoxic damage at the DNA level at sublethal concentrations, regardless of the exposure time of the aquatic organisms under study, at least within a period of 96 h of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vera-Candioti
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soloneski
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Larramendy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002219:Carbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011036:Poecilia / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000097797:Glyphosate; C011994:pirimicarb
keywords: Agrochemical commercial formulations; Chlorpyrifos; Comet assay; Glyphosate; Pirimicarb; Poeciliidae