title: Effect of Poly-L-Lysine coating on titanium osseointegration: from characterization to in vivo studies.
abstract: Dental implant prostheses cannot preclude a correct and stable implant osseointegration, which is still a challenge and greatly depends on biomaterial-cell interface. Titanium (Ti) coating using polyelectrolyte poly-L-lysine (PLL) may represent an interesting and simple approach, to provide a charged surface net able to improve cell adherence. However, in vitro and in vivo effects of Ti coated with PLL have been poorly investigated. The aims of the present study are (1) to obtain and characterize, chemically and physically, Ti disks coated with PLL (TiPLL); (2) to perform in vitro studies on osteoblast cell lines' cytocompatibility and functionality (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity, calcium deposition, proinflammatory interleukin 6 production); (3) to obtain in vivo evidence of osseointegration, using a sheep animal model. XPS, AFM, and contact-angle analyses demonstrated that the Ti disk was successfully covered with PLL, providing higher hydrophilicity to the Ti disk. No cellular toxicity, enhanced calcium deposition, and a decreased tendency toward interleukin-6 production were observed in the osteoblast seeded onto TiPLL. In vivo experiments showed cortical bone microhardness at 3 months significantly improved in the presence of the PLL coating. PLL coating on Ti implants seemed to safely enhance calcium deposition and implant early osseointegration in animals, suggesting promising evidence to optimize the surface properties of dental implants.
authors.affiliation: 1  Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy.|2  Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varoni
authors.affiliation: 2  Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canciani
authors.affiliation: 3  Ghimas SpA, Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.affiliation: 4  Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Teramo, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Varasano
authors.affiliation: 5  Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chevallier
authors.affiliation: 4  Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Teramo, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrizzi
authors.affiliation: 2  Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dellavia
authors.affiliation: 5  Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: 1  Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rimondini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D016348:Osseointegration; D011107:Polylysine; D012756:Sheep; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D011107:Polylysine; D014025:Titanium
keywords: calcium deposition; osseointegration; poly-levo-lysine coating; titanium implant