title: Endoscopic resection for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can be treated by mini-invasive endoscopic resection when localized in the superficial layers of the bowel wall and their size is <20 mm. Endoscopic diagnosis of NETs is usually incidental or suspected after clinical, laboratory or imaging findings. Endoscopic mucosal resection is the most commonly used technique for NET removal, endoscopic submucosal dissection is indicated in selected cases, while papillectomy is feasible for ampullary lesions. Histopathologic assessment of the resection margin (circumferential and deep) is important for staging. Incidence of endoscopic mucosal resection-/endoscopic submucosal dissection-related complications for removal of GI NETs are similar to those reported for other GI lesions. Endoscopic follow-up is based on histopathologic characteristics of the resected NETs and its site. NETs >20 mm in size, with penetration of the muscle layer and/or serosa are at high risk for metastases and surgical approach is recommended when feasible.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Gemelli University Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boškoski
authors.forename: Anche
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volkanovska
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tringali
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bove
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Familiari
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costamagna
mesh_terms: D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden