title: Health-related quality of life 12 months after severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective nationwide cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess health-related quality of life in individuals with severe traumatic brain injury at 12 months post-injury, applying the Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) instrument, and to study the relationship between injury-related factors, post-injury functioning and health-related quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is part of a prospective, Norwegian multicentre study of adults (≥ 16 years old) with severe traumatic brain injury, as defined by a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3-8 during the first 24 h post-injury. A total of 126 patients were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Socio-demographic data and injury severity variables were collected. Functioning at 3 and 12 months was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Rivermead Post-concussion Questionnaire (RPQ), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Hierarchical regression analysis was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean QOLIBRI score was 68.5 (standard deviation = 18.8). Predictors of the QOLIBRI in the final regression model were: employment status (p = 0.05), GOSE (p = 0.05), RPQ (p < 0.001) and HADS (p < 0.001). The adjusted R2 showed that the model explained 64.0% of the variance in the QOLIBRI score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptom pressure and global functioning in the sub-acute phase of traumatic brain injury and psychological distress in the post-acute phase are important for health-related quality of life at 12 months post-injury. These domains should be the focus in rehabilitation aiming to improve health-related quality of life in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulleval University Hospital, NO-0407 Oslo, Norway. h.l.soberg@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Helene L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Soberg
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Røe
authors.forename: Audny
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anke
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arango-Lasprilla
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skandsen
authors.forename: Unni
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sveen
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: von Steinbüchel
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andelic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult