title: Using an intervening sequence of Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA to identify poultry feces.
abstract: This study was designed to identify poultry feces-specific marker(s) within sequences of Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA for detecting poultry fecal pollution in water. Bioinformatics tools were used in the comparative analysis of 7,458 sequences of Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA, reportedly associated with various poultry (chicken and turkey) and animal species. One intervening sequence (IVS) within between the hypervariable region 1 and the conserved region 2, designated as IVS-p, was found to be unique to poultry feces. Based on this sequence, a PCR assay (PCR-p) was developed. The PCR-p produced an amplicon of 132 bp only in the test when fecal or wastewater samples from poultry were used, but not when using fecal or wastewater samples from other sources. The non-poultry sources included feces of beef or dairy cattle, dog, horse, human, domestic or wild geese, seagull, sheep, swine, and wild turkey. These data indicate that IVS-p may prove to be a useful genetic marker for the specific identification of poultry fecal pollution in environmental waterways. Furthermore, results of data mining and PCR assay indicate that the IVS-p may have a broad geographic distribution. This report represents initial evidence of the potential utility of ribosomal intervening sequences as genetic markers for tracking host sources of fecal pollution in waterways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, 904 Chestnut Street, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chuanren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guolu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Fecal source indicator; Host-specific PCR assay; Microbial source tracking; Water pollution