title: Does the presence of thyroid antibodies affect the course and outcome of pregnancy in type 1 diabetic women?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of the presence of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (anti-TPO Abs) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) pregnant women relative to the course of pregnancy and, especially, with regard to metabolic control, thyroid function, maternal complications and neonatal outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective observational study of 91 DM1 women with singleton pregnancies, anti-TPO, anti-thyroglobulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free thyroxine index (T4/thyroid binding capacity) were measured in each trimester. At each visit, HbA1c, body mass index, and units of insulin per kilogram were recorded, as were complications and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one (27%) of the 78 women who met the inclusion criteria presented with positive anti-TPO Abs. There were no differences regarding glycemic control (HbA1c) or insulin dose. First-trimester TSH levels were significantly higher in the anti-TPO-positive group than in the anti-TPO-negative group. Finally, no differences were observed regarding diabetic or obstetric complications and neonatal outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One fourth of DM1 pregnant women presented with positive anti-TPO Abs. However, the presence of anti-TPO Abs does not seem to be related with worse metabolic control or adverse pregnancy outcome. Further investigation is needed; meanwhile, the effort for early treatment of thyroid dysfunction and strict metabolic control in all DM1 women should be continued.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sarantopoulou
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasileiou
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sarika
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Philippou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alevizaki
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antsaklis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anastasiou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology*; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D015415:Biomarkers; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; C056626:thyroid microsomal antibodies; C056658:TPO protein, human; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase