title: Evaluation of cytotoxicity, biophysics and biomechanics of cells treated with functionalized hybrid nanomaterials.
abstract: Hybrids consisting of carboxylated, single-walled carbon nanotube (c-SWNT)-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-DNA-poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) are synthesized via sequential functionalization to mimic the theragnostic (therapy and diagnosis) system. Carboxylation of SWNT has minimized the metal impurities with plenty of -COOH groups to produce hybrid (c-SWNT-AgNPs). The hybrid is further wrapped with DNA (hybrid-DNA) and encapsulated with PVA as hybrid composite (HC). Materials were tested against human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), mouse fibroblasts cells (NIH3T3) and human bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5). The composition-sensitive physico-chemical interactions, biophysics and biomechanics of materials-treated cells are evaluated. The cell viability was improved for HC, hybrid-PVA and c-SWNT when compared with SWNT and hybrid. SWNT and hybrid showed cell viability less than 60% at high dose (40 µg ml(-1)) and hybrid-PVA and HC retained 80% or more cell viability. The treatment of hybrid nanomaterials considerably changed cell morphology and intercellular interaction with respect to the composition of materials. Peculiarly, PVA-coated hybrid was found to minimize the growth of invadopodia of A549 cells, which is responsible for the proliferation of cancer cells. Surface roughness of cells increased after treatment with hybrid, where cytoplasmic regions specifically showed higher roughness. Nanoindentation results suggest that changes in biomechanics occurred owing to possible internalization of the hybrid. The changes in force spectra of treated cells indicated a possible greater interaction between the cells and hybrid with distinct stiffness and demonstrated the surface adherence and internalization of hybrid on or inside the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahangno, Daejon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subbiah
authors.forename: Subramaniyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramasundaram
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hyojin
authors.forename: Dongkyung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Kwideok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Nae-Eung
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyusik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Kyoung Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012834:Silver; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D004247:DNA
keywords: atomic force microscopy–force spectroscopy; biomechanics; biophysics; cellular interaction; cytotoxicity; functionalization