title: Recovery from AKI following multiple wasp stings: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the outcomes of AKI following multiple wasp stings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one patients (mean age ± SD, 45.5 ± 14.7 years; 55 men and 26 women; mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 16.85 ± 2.78) with AKI following multiple wasp stings between 1997 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Data on their demographic characteristics, initial modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT), urine output, serum creatinine, bilirubin, myoglobin, and other variables were collected. Renal outcomes included complete recovery of kidney function, CKD, and death. Subgroup analysis was performed according to initial modality of RRT in the first 48 hours, including continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), and CVVH plus plasma exchange (PE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 75 patients available for follow-up, 7 (9.3%) died, and 8 (10.7%, all in the IHD group) developed CKD. The average RRT time was 18.2 ± 8.4 days, and the average kidney function recovery time was 36.0 (29.0, 41.0) days. Subgroup analysis showed no difference in the mortality rates between the CVVH, CVVH + PE, and IHD groups (8.0%, 7.1%, and 11.1%, respectively; P>0.99). The recovery time for kidney function was significantly shorter in the CVVH and CVVH + PE groups than in the IHD group (31.9 ± 8.5 days, 28.6 ± 9.4 days, and 41.6 ± 8.1 days, respectively; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a large case series report on the outcomes of patients with AKI following multiple wasp stings. Most patients survived with complete recovery of their kidney function. Despite the lack of difference in mortality rates, the patients who began RRT with CVVH and CVVH + PE experienced a better and more rapid recovery of kidney function than those initiated with IHD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and , †Division of Emergency, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Baihai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010951:Plasma Exchange; D020127:Recovery of Function; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014863:Wasps