title: Two cases of pseudohermaphroditism in loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta.
abstract: Two juvenile (curved carapace lengths: 28 and 30 cm) loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta with precocious male external characteristics were admitted to the ARCA del Mar rescue area at the Oceanogràfic Aquarium in Valencia, Spain, in 2009 and 2010. Routine internal laparoscopic examination and subsequent histopathology confirmed the presence of apparently healthy internal female gonads in both animals. Extensive tissue biopsy and hormone induction assays were consistent with female sex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pseudohermaphroditism in loggerhead sea turtles based on sexual external characteristics and internal laparoscopic examination. Our findings suggest that the practice of using external phenotypical characteristics as the basis for gender identification in sea turtles should be reevaluated. Future research should focus on detecting more animals with sexual defects and their possible effects on the sea turtle population.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic), 46013 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Párraga
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio-Guerri
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melero
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vizcaíno
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D010053:Ovary / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014426:Turtles