title: Mineral-enriched deep-sea water inhibits the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cell lines.
abstract: Recently, the scientific community has begun to establish the health benefits of deep-sea water (DSW) due to its enrichment in nutrients and minerals. In this study, we investigated the effects of deep-sea water (DSW) on the metastatic potential of two human breast cancer cell lines exhibiting highly different phenotypes. MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit invasive/metastatic tumor features with rapid migration ability and high endogenous expression of TGF-β and Wnt5a. DSW treatment significantly inhibits their migratory ability in a wound-healing assay. This inhibitory effect of DSW appears to be mediated through TGF-β and Wnt5a signaling, resulting in attenuated expression of CD44. We further investigated the preventive effect of DSW on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced invasive/metastatic tumor features in non-invasive MCF-7 cells. Similar to the inhibitory effects shown in MDA-MB-231 cells, we observed that DSW treatment resulted in the inhibition of TPA-induced migration and MMP-9 activity with a concomitant decrease in mRNA levels of MMP-9, TGF-β, Wnt5a and Wnt3a. Taken together, our data show that DSW has inhibitory effects on breast cancer invasion/metastasis, suggesting that DSW has some promise in improving cancer survival by preventing tumor metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Do-Hyung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu-Shik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002465:Cell Movement; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D008900:Mineral Waters; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C085389:WNT5A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9