title: Identification of public areas with potential toxocariasis transmission risk using geographical information systems.
abstract: Geographic information system (GIS) or Health geography is a geographical identification of the spatial variation of contagion disease and zoonosis risk in certain conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comparing the variation of environmental contamination of Toxocara spp. sands of lawns and public areas through the Geographic Information System.
  
  
  METHODS
  Were investigated 98% of Parana recreational urban areas such as, schools, public parks and squares filled with sand and/or lawn. Samples were analyzed using zinc sulphate solution centrifuge-flotation, density 1.420, and water sedimentation. Maps were developed by ESRI Arc GIS 9.2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total 77/98 (78,6%) of public spaces shown Toxocara spp. eggs presence. No significant difference was observed (p = 0,9999) between eggs prevalence in sand 44/56 (78,6%), and lawn 33/42 (78,6%), at school (p = 0,6898) and squares (p = 0,0616). Egg contamination prevailed in periphery areas in the sand 20/27 (74%) and lawn 18/21 (86%). However, no significant difference was observed between sand and lawn contamination from schools and parks to central and peripheral areas. Although schools 62/66 (93,9%) presented a higher number of enclosed spaces, did not provide a lower frequency of pollution (p = 0,3327).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GIS observed a scattered pattern of zoonosis among schools and public squares sand and lawns, with predominance of contamination in the peripheral areas with presence of dogs/cats.
authors.affiliation: College Ingá - Uningá, 87070-000, Brazil. ariella_86@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ariella A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Marchioro
authors.forename: Cristiane M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Colli
authors.forename: Érika C
authors.initials: ÉC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiyo
authors.forename: Salete
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattia
authors.forename: Wesley Ferreira
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Falavigna-Guilherme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014119:Toxocara / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014120:Toxocariasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission