title: New facets of antibody deficiencies.
abstract: Antibody deficiencies are the most prevalent forms of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Several disease-causing mutations have been identified to date, but still, the genetic background of most patients remains elusive. During the last 2 years, next generation sequencing has revealed the genetic basis for a number of these disorders. Having as a reference the latest International Union of Immunological Societies classification on PIDs, we present 9 novel genetic defects/mechanisms that are associated with antibody deficiency, affecting either early or late B-cell development. The role of dysregulated autophagy in antibody deficiency is highlighted. The latest advance in this field provides new insights to our understanding of the regulation of antibody production in human B cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liadaki
authors.forename: Jinqiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hammarström
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan-Hammarström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001343:Autophagy; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens