title: Three-dimensional evaluation of volume change in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine using computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two-dimensional imaging is not adequate for evaluating ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of a novel computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional (3D) analysis method that we had devised to measure volume changes in OPLL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty OPLL patients (12 male and 8 female; mean age 63.6 years) who were being followed conservatively were examined twice with an interval of at least 1 year between the two scans. The mean interval was 22 (range 12-45) months. A 3D model was created with DICOM data from CT images, using the MIMICS(®) software to calculate the volume. The mean ossification volume was determined from two measurements. Since ossification size varies widely, evaluation of change in volume is generally affected by the original size. Therefore, the change in ossification volume between the first and second CT examinations was calculated as the annual rate of progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The type of OPLL was classified as continuous in 3 patients, segmented in 3, and mixed in 14. The mean ossification volume was 1,831.68 mm(3) at the first examination and 1,928.31 mm(3) at the second, showing a significant mean increase in ossification volume. The mean annual rate of lesion increase was 3.33% (range 0.08-7.79%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D method used allowed detailed OPLL classification and quantification of change in the ossified volume. Thus, this method appears to be very useful for quantitative evaluation of OPLL with only minimal measurement error.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan, t_izm13@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Atsuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Takui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017887:Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed