title: The sodium/iodide symporter: state of the art of its molecular characterization.
abstract: The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS or SLC5A5) is an intrinsic membrane protein implicated in iodide uptake into thyroid follicular cells. It plays a crucial role in iodine metabolism and thyroid regulation and its function is widely exploited in the diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant thyroid diseases. A great effort is currently being made to develop a NIS-based gene therapy also allowing the radiotreatment of nonthyroidal tumors. NIS is also expressed in other tissues, such as salivary gland, stomach and mammary gland during lactation, where its physiological role remains unclear. The molecular identity of the thyroid iodide transporter was elucidated approximately fifteen years ago. It belongs to the superfamily of sodium/solute symporters, SSS (and to the human transporter family, SLC5), and is composed of 13 transmembrane helices and 643 amino acid residues in humans. Knowledge concerning NIS structure/function relationship has been obtained by taking advantage of the high resolution structure of one member of the SSS family, the Vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vSGLT), and from studies of gene mutations leading to congenital iodine transport defects (ITD). This review will summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular characterization of NIS.
authors.affiliation: SBTN, bât 170, centre de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze CEDEX, France; Laboratoire TIRO, Faculté de médecine, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice CEDEX, France; CAL, TIRO, F-06107 Nice, France. Electronic address: elisabeth.darrouzet@cea.fr.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Darrouzet
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindenthal
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marcellin
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pellequer
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pourcher
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007454:Iodides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017136:Ion Transport; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein; D027981:Symporters / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007454:Iodides; D012964:Sodium; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
keywords: Membrane protein; NIS; SLC5A5; Sodium/iodide symporter; Structure/function relationship; Thyroid