title: Antinociceptive activity of cyclopeptide alkaloids isolated from Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew (Rhamnaceae).
abstract: The current study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive profile of five cyclopeptide alkaloids isolated from Ziziphus oxyphylla, including Oxyphylline-B 1, Oxyphylline C 2 Oxyphylline-D 3, Nummularin-C 4, and Nummularin-R 5. The effect was studied in acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced flinching behavior tests, at 2.5 and 5mg/kg i.p. In the post-acetic acid induced writhing test, the compounds significantly ameliorated abdominal constrictions in a dose dependent manner, with compounds 1 and 5 showing 80.98% and 77.87% protection, respectively. When challenged in the formalin induced test, pretreatment of compounds significantly attenuated painful sensation in both phases. Moreover, compounds 1 and 5 were more effective with 45.32% and 75.32% for 1 and 36.77% and 71.10% protection for 5, in the 1st and 2nd phases respectively. The peripheral analgesia was strongly augmented by the central effects of these compounds. The current finding strongly supports the ethnomedicinal use of this valuable medicinal plant in various painful conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Waqar Ahmad
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kaleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Havelain Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mughal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qayum
authors.affiliation: Gandhara College of Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Haroon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aliberti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Italy. Electronic address: defeo@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Feo
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D019342:Acetic Acid; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000700:Analgesics; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005557:Formaldehyde; D013806:Theophylline; C008749:etofylline; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Antinociceptive activity; Cyclopeptide alkaloids; Ziziphus oxyphylla