title: Direct determination of the NaF/AlF3 molar ratio by Raman spectroscopy in NaF-AlF3-CaF2 melts at 1000 °C.
abstract: For the last 40 years, Raman spectroscopy has been very useful in investigating the structure of corrosive molten salts, such as the cryolite-based melts widely used as electrolyte in the Hall-Heroult process. Even if this process remains the most economically efficient for metallic aluminum electro-production, it suffers from a high energy loss, which is dependent on the melt composition. Therefore, controlling the chemical composition of the electrolyte is essential. The present paper proposes to apply Raman spectroscopy for the direct determination of the NaF-AlF3 molar ratio in NaF-AlF3-CaF2-based melts. Despite the experimental difficulties, a calibration curve based on equilibria taking place in the melt has been developed and the procedure has been successfully compared to industrial samples of known compositions. The possible exportation of the laboratory scale procedure to an industrial environment application for the control of the Hall-Heroult process is finally discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege , Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malherbe
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gilbert