title: Antiinflammatory effects of Viola tricolor gel in a model of sunburn in rats and the gel stability study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Viola tricolor, popularly known as heartsease has been empirically used in several skin disorders, including burns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was investigate the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect of a gel containing extract of Viola tricolor flowers on thermal burn induced by UVB irradiation and to perform gel stability study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect were evaluated by static and dynamic mechanical allodynia model, paw edema, and neutrophilic cell infiltration. Metabolites compounds were quantified by HPLC. The gel stability study was performed analyzing organoleptical aspects, besides pH, viscosity, and quantification of rutin by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the results were evidenced changes in threshold in statical and dynamic mechanical allodynia (I(max)=100 ± 10% and 49 ± 10%, respectively), paw edema (I(max)=61 ± 6%), and myeloperoxidase activity (I(max)=89 ± 5%). Such effects may be attributed, in part, to rutin, salicylic and chlorogenic acids, and others compounds found in this species. No important changes were detected in the stability study, in all aspects analyzed in temperature below 25 °C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Viola tricolor gel has an antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect in the ultraviolet-B-induced burn, since maintain the temperature below 25 °C.
authors.affiliation: Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piana
authors.forename: Mariane Arnoldi
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: Thiele Faccim
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: de Brum
authors.forename: Cássia Regina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Aline Augusti
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.forename: Sara Marchesan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadra
authors.forename: Carin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmeister
authors.forename: Mateus Fortes
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rossato
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tonello
authors.forename: Luciane Varini
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Laporta
authors.forename: Robson Borba
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Bianca Vargas
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Belke
authors.forename: Roberta da Silva
authors.initials: Rda S
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Margareth Linde
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004355:Drug Stability; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D035264:Flowers; D005782:Gels; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013471:Sunburn / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D032413:Viola
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005782:Gels; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antiinflammatory; Antinociceptive; Gel stability; Viola tricolor; Violaceae