title: Human papillomavirus genome variants.
abstract: Amongst the human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the genus Alphapapillomavirus contains HPV types that are uniquely pathogenic. They can be classified into species and types based on genetic distances between viral genomes. Current circulating infectious HPVs constitute a set of viral genomes that have evolved with the rapid expansion of the human population. Viral variants were initially identified through restriction enzyme polymorphisms and more recently through sequence determination of viral fragments. Using partial sequence information, the history of variants, and the association of HPV variants with disease will be discussed with the main focus on the recent utilization of full genome sequence information for variant analyses. The use of multiple sequence alignments of complete viral genomes and phylogenetic analyses have begun to define variant lineages and sublineages using empirically defined differences of 1.0-10.0% and 0.5-1.0%, respectively. These studies provide the basis to define the genetics of HPV pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx 10461, NY, USA. Electronic address: robert.burk@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.forename: Ariana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harari
authors.forename: Zigui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001483:Base Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: C574671:L1 protein, human papillomavirus type 52; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral
keywords: Alphapapillomaviruses; HPV; HPV evolution; HPV variant lineages; Human papillomavirus variants