title: Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthodontic relapse can be defined as the tendency for teeth to return to their pre-treatment position, and this occurs especially in lower front teeth (lower canines and lower incisors). Retention, to maintain the position of corrected teeth, has become one of the most important phases of orthodontic treatment. However, 10 years after the completion of orthodontic treatment, only 30% to 50% of orthodontic patients effectively retain the satisfactory alignment initially obtained. After 20 years, satisfactory alignment reduces to 10%. When relapse occurs, simple effective strategies are required to effectively manage the problem. The periodontal, physiological or psychological conditions may be different from those before orthodontic treatment, so re-treatment methods may also need to be different.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of interventions used to manage relapse of the lower front teeth after first fixed orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 9 November 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 10), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 9 November 2012), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 9 November 2012). There were no restrictions regarding language or date of publication. A thorough handsearch was done in relation to the following journals: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (1970 to 9 November 2012), Angle Orthodontist (1978 to 9 November 2012), European Journal of Orthodontics (1979 to 9 November 2012), Journal of Orthodontics (1978 to 9 November 2012), Chinese Journal of Stomatology (1953 to 9 November 2012), West China Journal of Stomatology (1983 to 9 November 2012), Chinese Journal of Dental Materials and Devices (1992 to 9 November 2012) and Chinese Journal of Orthodontics (1994 to 9 November 2012).
  
  
  METHODS
  We would have included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which compared any of the following: fixed options (including labial braces, lingual braces and fixed lingual wire), removable options (including Hawley's retainer with active components such as Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner and any other modifications on the Hawley's retainer to correct the lower front teeth, and invisible removable aligners such as Invisalign and Clearstep) and no active treatment for the management of relapsed lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment. We excluded RCTs of participants with craniofacial deformities/syndromes or serious skeletal deformities who received prior surgical/surgical orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two review authors, independently and in duplicate, assessed the results of the searches to identify studies for inclusion. The Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines were to be followed for data synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not identify any RCTs which met the inclusion criteria for this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review has revealed that there was no evidence from RCTs to show that one intervention was superior to another to manage the relapse of the alignment of lower front teeth using any method or index, aesthetic assessment by participants and practitioners, treatment time, patient's discomfort, quality of life, cost-benefit considerations, stability of the correction, and side effects including pain, gingivitis, enamel decalcification and root resorption. There is an urgent need for RCTs in this area to identify the most effective and safe method for managing the relapse of alignment of the lower front teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041.
authors.forename: Yongchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Taixiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koshy
authors.forename: Zongdao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D003481:Cuspid; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D012008:Recurrence