title: Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl acids in plasma samples of pregnant women in Hokkaido, Japan, 2003-2011.
abstract: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent organic pollutants that are used in a wide range of consumer products. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that prenatal exposure to toxic levels of PFAAs in the environment may adversely affect fetal growth and humoral immune response in infants and children. Here we have characterized levels of prenatal exposure to PFAA between 2003 and 2011 in Hokkaido, Japan, by measuring PFAA concentrations in plasma samples from pregnant women. The study population comprised 150 women who enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Hokkaido. Eleven PFAAs were measured in maternal plasma samples using simultaneous analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. At the end of the study, in 2011, age- and parity-adjusted mean concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were 1.35ng/mL, 1.26ng/mL, 0.66ng/mL, 1.29ng/mL, 0.25ng/mL, 0.33ng/mL, 0.28ng/mL, and 3.86ng/mL, respectively. Whereas PFOS and PFOA concentrations declined 8.4%/y and 3.1%/y, respectively, PFNA and PFDA levels increased 4.7%/y and 2.4%/y, respectively, between 2003 and 2011. PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA were detected in the vast majority of maternal samples, but no significant temporal trend was apparent. Future studies must involve a larger population of pregnant women and their children to determine the effects of prenatal exposure to PFAA on health outcomes in infants and children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kashino
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tamiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeno
authors.forename: Yoichi M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000097:blood; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D007850:Lauric Acids; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C586085:perfluoroundecanoic acid; C036567:perfluorodecanoic acid; C471071:perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; C101816:perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; C522391:perfluorododecanoic acid
keywords: BEH; CI; GM; Human maternal plasma; MDL; PFAAs; PFCAs; PFDA; PFDoDA; PFHpA; PFHxA; PFHxS; PFNA; PFOA; PFOS; PFSAs; PFTeDA; PFTrDA; PFUnDA; Perfluorodecanoic acid; Perfluorononanoic acid; Perfluorooctane sulfonate; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Temporal trend; UPLC-MS/MS; confidence interval; ethylene-bridged hybrid; geometric mean; method detection limit; perfluorinated carboxylic acids; perfluoroalkane sulfonates; perfluoroalkyl acids; perfluorodecanoic acid; perfluorododecanoic acid; perfluoroheptanoic acid; perfluorohexane sulfonate; perfluorohexanoic acid; perfluorononanoic acid; perfluorooctane sulfonate; perfluorooctanoic acid; perfluorotetradecanoic acid; perfluorotridecanoic acid; perfluoroundecanoic acid; ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry