title: Study of the gene expression and microRNA expression profiles of malignant rhabdoid tumors originated in the brain (AT/RT) and in the kidney (RTK).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) can occur in a variety of anatomical sites. The most frequent locations are the brain, where they are named atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT), and the kidney, where they are named rhabdoid tumors of the kidney (RTK). MRTs at all sites are recognized as the same entity due to their similar morphology, aggressive behavior, and a common genetic abnormality, an inactivating mutation of the SMARCB1/INI-1/hSNF5/BAF47 gene. We aim to investigate potential molecular differences between AT/RT and RTK.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression (GE) profiles of 10 RTK, 13 AT/RT, and 2 human MRT cell lines (G401-RTK and MON-AT/RT). Illumina V2 MicroRNA Chips (Illumina, Inc., CA, USA) were used for miRNA analysis, and Illumina HT-12 whole genome expression arrays were used for GE analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of p values from GE showed a significant difference between RTK and AT/RT, with 20 % of the genes having p values ≤0.05 and the principal component analysis of the GE data showed separation between RTK and AT/RT. However, the miRNA expression failed to identify the different tumor groups. Among the 122 genes significantly differentially expressed between AT/RT and RTK, we found both genes related to brain development (i.e., FABP7, 22-fold increase in AT/RT) and genes related to kidney development (i.e., TCF21, sixfold increase in RTK).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our results, we hypothesized that although MRT are indeed the same tumor, independent of the site of origin, the GE differences reflect the influence of microenvironment over tumor development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box # 28, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Alex T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Grupenmacher
authors.forename: Abby L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Bonaldo
authors.forename: Chiang-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: Tadanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Simone T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sredni
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018335:Rhabdoid Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D014015:Tissue Banks
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs