title: Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite an increasing interest in the relationships among multiple symptoms and quality of life (QOL), little known about the association between anxiety, depression, and pain and both disease-specific and generic QOL in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study of 100 COPD patients, disease-specific QOL was measured by St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and generic QOL by the QOL scale. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and pain was assessed with a numeric rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 patients, 31 % reported clinically meaningful anxiety, 13 % depression, and 45 % reported the presence of pain. Younger patients (p = 0.02) and those with higher anxiety scores (p = 0.02) reported worse disease-specific QOL. Patients with lower physical function (p = 0.04) and those with higher depression scores (p < 0.001) reported worse generic QOL. Age, comorbidity, physical function, anxiety, depression, and pain explained 19.2 and 49.6 % of the variance in disease-specific and generic QOL scores, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this study suggest that the relationships between patient characteristics and common symptoms and QOL differ when disease-specific and generic measures of QOL are evaluated. Additional research is warranted to confirm these findings in COPD patients. Clinicians need to evaluate these common symptoms when planning and implementing symptoms management interventions to improve COPD patients' QOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway, signe.bentsen@hsh.no.
authors.forename: Signe Berit
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bentsen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rustøen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires