title: Monitoring multiple components in vinegar fermentation using Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: In this study, the utility of Raman spectroscopy (RS) with chemometric methods for quantification of multiple components in the fermentation process was investigated. Vinegar, the product of a two stage fermentation, was used as a model and glucose and fructose consumption, ethanol production and consumption and acetic acid production were followed using RS and the partial least squares (PLS) method. Calibration of the PLS method was performed using model solutions. The prediction capability of the method was then investigated with both model and real samples. HPLC was used as a reference method. The results from comparing RS-PLS and HPLC with each other showed good correlations were obtained between predicted and actual sample values for glucose (R(2)=0.973), fructose (R(2)=0.988), ethanol (R(2)=0.996) and acetic acid (R(2)=0.983). In conclusion, a combination of RS with chemometric methods can be applied to monitor multiple components of the fermentation process from start to finish with a single measurement in a short time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Reyhan Selin
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Esra Acar
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Soykut
authors.forename: Ismail Hakki
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Boyaci
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topcu
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005632:Fructose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005632:Fructose; D000431:Ethanol; D005947:Glucose; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Chemometric method; Quantitative analyses of multiple components; Raman spectroscopy; Vinegar