title: Ankle osteoarthritis: etiology, diagnostics, and classification.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is defined as the syndrome of joint pain and dysfunction caused by substantial joint degeneration. In general, OA is the most common joint disease and is one of the most frequent and symptomatic health problems for middle-aged and older people: OA disables more than 10% of people who are older than 60 years. This article reviews the etiology of ankle OA, and describes the onset and development of posttraumatic ankle OA, the most common form of OA in the tibiotalar joint. Various methods of clinical and radiographic assessment are described in detail.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Osteoarthritis Research Center Basel, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland. alexej.barg@usb.ch
authors.forename: Alexej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barg
authors.forename: Geert I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Pagenstert
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hügle
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gloyer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiewiorski
authors.forename: Heath B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Henninger
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valderrabano
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Ankle osteoarthritis; Classification of ankle osteoarthritis; Diagnostics of ankle osteoarthritis; Etiology of ankle osteoarthritis; Posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis