title: Development and psychometric testing of the online Adolescent Diabetes Needs Assessment Tool (ADNAT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on the development and psychometric testing of the Adolescent Diabetes Needs Assessment Tool.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The UK has the fifth largest paediatric diabetes population in the world, but one of the poorest levels of diabetes control, highlighting the need for intervention development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed methods following recommendations for questionnaire design and validation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 171 young people (12-18 years) participated between 2008- 2011. Methods included item selection using secondary framework analysis, item review, pre-testing, piloting and online transfer. Statistical tests assessed reliability using item-total correlations, interitem consistency and test-retest reliability; and validity using blood glucose (HbA1c) levels and the Self-Management of type 1 Diabetes in Adolescence questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Adolescent Diabetes Needs Assessment Tool consists of 117 questions divided between six domains of educational and psychosocial support needs. It combines reflective questioning with needs assessment to raise self-awareness to support adolescent decision-making in relation to diabetes self-care. Thirty-six of the questions provide self-care and psychosocial health assessment scores. Face and content validity of the scoring items were all positively evaluated in terms of appropriateness and readability and tests for validity found significant correlations with Self-Management of type 1 Diabetes in Adolescence and weak correlation with HbA1c , which compared favourably with Self-Management of type 1 Diabetes in Adolescence, the only comparable (USA) tool. Item response analysis validated the use of simple additive scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Adolescent Diabetes Needs Assessment Tool combines reflective learning with needs assessment to support patient-centred clinical consultations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Well-being, University of Chester, UK; Research and Development Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Titman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sara Louise
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Rebekah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lwin
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents
keywords: instrument development; needs assessment; nursing; tailored education; technology; type 1 diabetes; young people