title: Cyanovanadate(III) complexes as novel additives for efficient generation of volatile cadmium species in complex samples prior to determinations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
abstract: A new method has been described for generation of volatile species of Cd using vanadium(III) cyanide complex. Aqueous solutions of 0.04 mol L(-1) vanadium chloride (VCl3) and 0.12 mol L(-1) potassium cyanide (KCN) were reacted on-line yielding a suspension of vanadium hydroxide, V(OH)3. This suspension was dissolved along the stream of sample solution in dilute HCl to form heptacyanovanadate(III) complex, [V(CN)7]4-. Volatile Cd species were generated by reacting the stream of sample solution and cyanovanadate(III) complex with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Feasibility of off-line and on-online approaches was investigated for quantitative determinations. Better precision and daily stability were achieved with on-line settings. Optimum signals were obtained from sample solutions within a range of 3 to 5% v/v HCl. A concentration of 2% m/v NaBH4 was adequate to achieve an enhancement of 20-fold in the presence of cyanovanadate(III) complex. The limits of detection were 5.0 and 4.5 ng L(-1) for 110Cd and 111Cd isotopes, respectively. Precision (%RSD) was better than 4.7% for six replicate measurements. The interferences of Cu(II) and Ni(II) were marginal (<10%) at 1.0 µg mL(-1). Depressive effects from Bi, Se and Sn were not significant below 0.1 µg mL(-1). The method was validated by determination of Cd using ICP-MS in certified reference materials of Nearshore seawater (CASS-4), Bone ash (SRM 1400), Dogfish liver (DOLT-4) and Mussel tissue (SRM 2976).
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Zikri
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: LaKeysha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D001894:Borohydrides / Q000737:chemistry; D002104:Cadmium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002138:Calibration; D003486:Cyanides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004284:Dogfish / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007554:Isotopes; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012015:Reference Standards; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D017968:Vanadium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D001894:Borohydrides; D003486:Cyanides; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007554:Isotopes; D017968:Vanadium Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; C025364:sodium borohydride