title: Evaluation of the role of opium addiction in acute myocardial infarction as a risk factor.
abstract: Background : More than half of myocardial infracted (MI) patients have no conventional risk factors. Regarding the belief that opium addiction has a protective effect on heart diseases, addiction prevalence has unfortunately increased in recent years. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of opium addiction on patients with acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study was performed on 118 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to CCU ward (case group), and 118 patients with no history of MI to other wards (control group) of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, Iran. Opium addiction conventional risk factors were evaluated for both groups, and the data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression model was used to adjust the conventional risk factor effects. Moreover, demographic variables as well as the extent of MI (extensive or non-extensive), and infarction type (ST-elevated or non-ST elevated) also were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven patients in MI and 6 subjects in control group had a history of opium consumption (p<0.0001, OR=24.5). Blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and smoking showed a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05), whereas, no significant difference was observed for diabetes and family history. The results of adjusted model report a significant effect of opium consumption with the development of MI (OR=26.3). No significant difference was found in terms of infarction type and the extent between the addicts and non addicts in MI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that opium addiction is a strong risk factor for myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khosoosi Niaki
authors.forename: Mahdizadeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farshidi
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadpour
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Salehi Omran
keywords: Conventional risk factor; Ischemic heart diseases; Myocardial infarction; Opium addiction