title: A comparative study of two different techniques for complete bilateral cleft lip repair using two-dimensional photographic analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of two techniques to repair complete bilateral cleft lip by using indirect two-dimensional photographic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eight bilateral cleft patients were included in this study, 54 patients operated on with the Millard technique and 54 patients operated on with the Afroze technique. Each group of patients was further separated into two subgroups containing symmetrical and asymmetrical cleft lips. All patients were photographed preoperatively and 4 years postoperatively in frontal and submentovertical views in a reproducible way. Eight measurements were performed on the photographs. From these measurements, seven ratios were calculated to compare the two techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The outcomes of the interobserver and intraobserver measurements were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. There was a statistically significant reliability in the intraobserver and interobserver ratios. Analysis of the ratios was performed using the independent samples t test (5 percent level of significance). The authors found that the Afroze technique was better than the Millard technique in six of the seven parameters for symmetrical clefts and in four of the seven parameters for asymmetrical clefts; however, there was no statistically significant difference seen between the two techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Afroze technique seems to have good clinical outcomes on bilateral cleft lip patients, but more research and long-term follow-up are needed to determine the full outcome of the technique in various parameters.
authors.affiliation: Saidabad, Hyderabad, India; Cologne, Germany; New Orleans, La.; Bournemouth, United Kingdom; and Nijmegen, The Netherlands From the G.S.R. Hospital, Institute of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery; the Department of Plastic Surgery, Clinic Cologne Merheim, University Witten-Herdecke; the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry; Nuffield Hospital; and Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center.
authors.forename: Srinivas Gosla
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Rajgopal R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Max J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zinser
authors.forename: Likith V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: Stefaan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bergé
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D015588:Observer Variation; D010781:Photography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome