title: The relationship between pregnancy intention and change in perinatal cigarette smoking: an analysis of PRAMS data.
abstract: This study examined the relationship between pregnancy intention and change in perinatal cigarette smoking from a large national sample of women in the United States, the 2004-2008 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). The study sample consisted of 49,510 female smokers. Smoking rates and quantities were captured prior to pregnancy, the last 3 months of pregnancy, and postpartum. Changes in smoking were compared between pregnancies classified as intended, mistimed, and unwanted. Regardless of pregnancy intention status, most behavior change happened before the final 3 months of pregnancy. Overall, most women were able to quit or reduce smoking. However women with unwanted pregnancies had 0.86 times the adjusted odds of quitting/reducing cigarette smoking compared to women with intended or mistimed pregnancies (95% CI: 0.78, 0.95). Findings suggest early smoking cessation interventions lead to greater change in smoking, regardless of pregnancy intention, although change is more difficult for women with unwanted pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mchisol1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Margaret S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chisolm
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mishka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D049168:Pregnancy, Unplanned; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiology; Family planning; Pregnancy; Smoking