title: Registration of Magnetic Resonance Image Series for Knee Articular Cartilage Analysis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although conventional radiography is used to assess osteoarthritis in a clinical setting, it has limitations, including an inability to stage early cartilage degeneration. There is a growing interest in using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to identify degenerative changes in articular cartilage, including the large multicentered study, the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). There is a demand for suitable image registration and segmentation software to complete this analysis. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the open source software, ImageK, that registers 3 T MRI T2 mapping and double echo steady state (DESS) knee MRI sequences acquired in the OAI protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A C++ library, the insight toolkit, was used to develop open source software to register DESS and T2 mapping image MRI sequences using Mattes's Multimodality Mutual information metric.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Registration was assessed using three separate methods. A checkerboard layout demonstrated acceptable visual alignment. Fiducial markers placed in cadaveric knees measured a registration error of 0.85 voxels. Measuring the local variation in Mattes's Mutual Information metric in the local area of the registered solution showed precision within 1 pixel. In this group, the registered solution required a transform of 56 voxels in translation and 1 degree of rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The software we have developed, ImageK, provides free, open source image analysis software that registers DESS and T2 mapping sequences of knee articular cartilage within 1 voxel accuracy. This image registration software facilitates quantitative MRI analyses of knee articular cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Urish
authors.forename: Ashley A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Durkin
authors.forename: Constance R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Chu
keywords: DESS; MRI; T2; cartilage; registration