title: Increased food allergy and vitamin D: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To elucidate whether maternal vitamin D supplementation during lactation improves infantile eczema and other subsequent allergic disorders, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers (n = 164) of infants with facial eczema at 1 month check-up were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D3 supplements (n = 82; 800 IU/day) or placebo (n = 82) for 6 weeks from May 2009 to January 2011. The primary outcome was infantile eczema quantified on Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index at 3 month check-up, and the secondary outcomes were atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and wheeze diagnosed by doctors up to 2 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in SCORAD at 3 month check-up between the two groups. Doctor-diagnosed food allergy was significantly more common up to age 2 years in the vitamin D group (10/39, 25.7%) than in the placebo group (3/40, 7.5%; risk ratio (RR), 3.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-11.77; P = 0.030). Moreover, at least one secondary outcome was also significantly more common in the vitamin D group (17/39, 43.6%) than in the placebo group (7/40, 17.5%; RR, 2.49; 95%CI: 1.16-5.34; P = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D supplementation may not decrease the severity of infantile eczema at 3 months of age, but may rather increase the risk of later food allergy up to 2 years of age. Because a large number of subjects was lost to follow up, further study is needed to confirm the findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Epidemiology.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Norizoe
authors.forename: Naoe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tachimoto
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mezawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urashima
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: food allergy; infantile eczema; prevention; randomized controlled trial; vitamin D