title: Standardization of skin cleansing in vivo: part II. Validation of a newly developed Automated Cleansing Device (ACiD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin cleansers for occupational use are manufactured for different types and degrees of soiling without common, legally binding requirements for product testing. This leads to different, manufacturer-specific test methods and a lack of comparable information on skin cleansing products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to validate a newly developed standardized automated cleansing device (ACiD) for in vivo evaluation of industrial skin cleansers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two ACiD were tested regarding the intra- and inter-device specific reproducibility of test results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin cleansing process carried out by the three independent washing modules which constitute an ACiD-unit and two separate ACiD-units led to highly comparable results. There was no significant difference between the washing modules or between the two separate ACiD-units detected. Only different parameter settings resulted in significantly different detergency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra- and inter-device specific test results of an in vivo model of skin cleansing using the automated cleansing device (ACiD) were reproducible. The long-term aim is a standardized classification of occupational skin cleansing products comparing their skin cleansing effectiveness in relation to their skin irritancy. This might then provide the basis for a rational specific product selection by consumers and may be used as a tool for future product development by manufacturers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Sonsmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gediga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schliemann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seyfarth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elsner
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Diepgen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kutz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D003902:Detergents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D003902:Detergents
keywords: cosmetic directive; methodological standards; occupational skin cleansers; reproducibility; skin cleansing