title: Protective effects of interleukin-4 on tissue destruction and morphological changes of bovine nasal chondrocytes in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that some cytokines have protective effects on cartilage in joint diseases. In the current study, effects of IL-4 against morphological changes and tissue degradation induced by IL-1α on bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) explants were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh BNC samples were prepared from a slaughterhouse under sterile conditions. BNC explants culture was treated with both IL-lα (10 ng/ml) and IL-4 (50 ng/ml) at the same time for 28 days. The morphological characteristics of explants were assessed by using histology techniques and invert microscopy. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production was assessed within different days by using Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-lα induced prominent cartilage morphology degradation. The pro and active form of MMP-1 band substantially increased at day 21 of culture. In the presence of both IL-lα and IL-4, chondrocytes preserved their ordinary normal phenotype with intact extracellular matrix. In addition, a significant reduction in pro-MMP-1and inhibition of active MMP-1 was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, IL-4 could be regarded as a potential candidate in cartilage protecting against the degradation changes of IL-lα. It seems that the preservation effect of IL-4 is associated with significant reduction of MMP-1.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz, Iran. M_orazizadeh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yadegari
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orazizadeh
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashemitabar
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khodadadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002417:Cattle; D048430:Cell Shape; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D020011:Protective Agents; D011509:Proteoglycans; D015847:Interleukin-4; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1