title: Apical extrusion of debris using self-adjusting file, reciprocating single-file, and 2 rotary instrumentation systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the weight of debris extruded apically from teeth using different in vitro preparation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals and similar lengths were instrumented using ProTaper F2 (25, .08; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), the Self-Adjusting File (1.5-mm diameter; Re-Dent Nova, Ra'anana, Israel), Revo-S SU (25, .06; MicroMega, Besancon, France), or Reciproc (R25; VDW GmbH, Munich Germany). Debris extruded during instrumentation were collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed to obtain the final weight of the Eppendorf tubes when the extruded debris were included. Three consecutive weights were obtained for each tube.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P = .218). The ProTaper group produced the highest mean extrusion value. The Reciproc produced less debris compared with all the other instruments (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All instrumentation techniques were associated with extruded debris.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey. Electronic address: sibel_tazegul@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koçak
authors.forename: Mustafa Murat
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Koçak
authors.forename: Baran Can
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sağlam
authors.forename: Sevinç Aktemur
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Türker
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sağsen
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Er
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011312:Pressure; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012399:Rotation; D016369:Smear Layer / Q000473:pathology*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology*; D019415:Torque; D014732:Vibration
keywords: Apical extrusion; Reciproc; Self-Adjusting File; rotary files