title: Graphene-based in-plane micro-supercapacitors with high power and energy densities.
abstract: Micro-supercapacitors are important on-chip micro-power sources for miniaturized electronic devices. Although the performance of micro-supercapacitors has been significantly advanced by fabricating nanostructured materials, developing thin-film manufacture technologies and device architectures, their power or energy densities remain far from those of electrolytic capacitors or lithium thin-film batteries. Here we demonstrate graphene-based in-plane interdigital micro-supercapacitors on arbitrary substrates. The resulting micro-supercapacitors deliver an area capacitance of 80.7 μF cm⁻² and a stack capacitance of 17.9 F cm⁻³. Further, they show a power density of 495 W cm⁻³ that is higher than electrolytic capacitors, and an energy density of 2.5 mWh cm⁻³ that is comparable to lithium thin-film batteries, in association with superior cycling stability. Such microdevices allow for operations at ultrahigh rate up to 1,000 V s⁻¹, three orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional supercapacitors. Micro-supercapacitors with an in-plane geometry have great promise for numerous miniaturized or flexible electronic applications.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Zhong-Shuai
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.forename: Xinliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müllen
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2012;2:247
references.pmid: 22355759
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2012 Mar 04;11(4):306-10
references.pmid: 22388172
references.citation: Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1637-9
references.pmid: 20929845
references.citation: Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):651-2
references.pmid: 18669852
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2011 Apr 13;11(4):1423-7
references.pmid: 21381713
references.citation: Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1326-30
references.pmid: 22422977
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2011 Jul 31;6(8):496-500
references.pmid: 21804554
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2009 Aug;4(8):505-9
references.pmid: 19662012
references.citation: Chem Soc Rev. 2009 Jan;38(1):226-52
references.pmid: 19088976
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2005 May;4(5):366-77
references.pmid: 15867920
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2011 Apr;6(4):232-6
references.pmid: 21336267
references.citation: Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1760-3
references.pmid: 16917025
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2008 Nov;7(11):845-54
references.pmid: 18956000
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2010 Dec 8;10(12):4863-8
references.pmid: 21058713
references.citation: Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 9;23(42):4828-50
references.pmid: 21953940
references.citation: Adv Mater. 2012 Sep 25;24(37):5130-5
references.pmid: 22807002
references.citation: Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1537-41
references.pmid: 21566159
references.citation: Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):480-3
references.pmid: 20413497
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2010 Sep;5(9):651-4
references.pmid: 20711179
references.citation: Adv Mater. 2010 Feb 23;22(8):E28-62
references.pmid: 20217798