title: Peyronie's disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peyronie's disease (PD) is a progressive fibrotic disorder of the penis that is characterized by formation of collagen plaques on the tunica albuginea of the penis that may result in penile deformity, pain (typically early in the disease course), and often occurs in conjunction with erectile dysfunction. This review's purpose is to raise awareness of PD among primary care physicians, who are likely to provide the initial diagnosis and information to patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed was searched for articles related to epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of PD. Reference lists of relevant articles were also examined for further pertinent research. Following the goals of this review, references were selected based on their appropriateness for a primary care audience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The symptoms of PD may physically limit intercourse and impose a severe physical and psychological burden. The course of PD includes an early 'inflammatory' phase that may last 1-18 months and a subsequent 'stable' phase. In the early phase, patients may experience penile pain as the tunical plaque develops. During the stable phase, the plaque becomes more organized, penile curvature stabilizes, and the pain usually subsides. Currently, there are no US Food and Drug Administration approved therapies that have shown significant efficacy for PD. Nonsurgical treatment options are often used to manage PD with variable success. Most studies of nonsurgical management of PD are small, poorly controlled, and include patients in variable disease stages. Surgical treatment of PD is reserved for stable patients with erectile dysfunction and penile deformity that impairs sexual function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PD is frequently undiagnosed. Even when PD is correctly identified, choice of treatment is problematic, based on the limited currently available clinical data demonstrating clinical benefits associated with treatment. Newer medications in clinical testing seem to offer some potential benefit for men with PD, though further research is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Miriam Hospital Men's Health Center, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University , Providence, RI , USA.
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: Allen D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Seftel
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003075:Coitus; D003094:Collagen; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D010411:Penile Induration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D003094:Collagen