title: Dependent and paranoid personality patterns in myotonic dystrophy type 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze frequency and type of personality pattern in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), to correlate these findings with clinical data, and to assess its possible influence on quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study comprised 62 patients with DM1. Following measures were used: Muscular Impairment Rating Scale, Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory I (MMCI), SF-36, and Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life (INQoL) questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of at least one pathological personality trait with score above 85 on MMCI was found in 47 (75.8%) patients. After clinical interview, 36 (58.1%) subjects had significant personality impairment. The most common personality trait in our cohort of patients was dependent found in 51.6% of patients, followed by paranoid (38.7%). Higher score on dependent personality scale correlated with lower education (rho = -0.251, P = 0.049). Dependent personality scores significantly differed between patients with physical and intellectual work (93.1 ± 8.9 vs 66.9 ± 31.7, P = 0.011). Paranoid score was higher in patients with lower education (rho = -0.293, P = 0.021), lower score on RSPM test (rho = -0.398, P = 0.004) and larger number of CTG repeats (rho = 0.254, P = 0.046). Presence of dependent personality was not in association with QoL scores (P > 0.05). On the other hand, patients with paranoid personality trait had worse QoL than those without it (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost 60% of our patients with DM1 had clinically significant personality impairment, with dependent and paranoid personality patterns being the most common. Paranoid personality may decrease QoL in these patients, which gives us new opportunities for symptomatic therapy in DM1.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peric
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sreckov
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Basta
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lavrnic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vujnic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marjanovic
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rakocevic Stojanovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009223:Myotonic Dystrophy / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D010260:Paranoid Personality Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory; dependent; myotonic dystrophy type 1; paranoid; personality pattern; quality of life