title: Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted from W-CDMA-like mobile phones on sleep in humans.
abstract: In this study, we investigated subjective and objective effects of mobile phones using a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA)-like system on human sleep. Subjects were 19 volunteers. Real or sham electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures for 3 h were performed before their usual sleep time on 3 consecutive days. They were exposed to real EMF on the second or third experimental day in a double-blind design. Sleepiness and sleep insufficiency were evaluated the next morning. Polysomnograms were recorded for analyses of the sleep variables and power spectra of electroencephalograms (EEG). No significant differences were observed between the two conditions in subjective feelings. Sleep parameters including sleep stage percentages and EEG power spectra did not differ significantly between real and sham exposures. We conclude that continuous wave EMF exposure for 3 h from a W-CDMA-like system has no detectable effects on human sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Setsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakatani-Enomoto
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furubayashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ushiyama
authors.forename: Stefan Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Groiss
authors.forename: Kazumune
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueshima
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sokejima
authors.forename: Ally Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Simba
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: So-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: electroencephalogram (EEG); human sleep; power spectrum; radio frequency exposure; sleep parameter