title: Folate receptor α associated with triple-negative breast cancer and poor prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Folate receptor α (FRA) has been shown to be selectively expressed in several types of human cancer, including breast cancer. Currently, several FRA target therapies are under intensive study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression pattern of FRA in a large cohort of patients with breast cancer and analyze its relationship with different clinicopathologic features, with expression of several key biomarkers, and with clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred forty-seven cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma diagnosed between 1997 and 2008 at the University of Rochester Medical Center were identified and reviewed, and 25 blocks of tissue microassays were constructed. The association between expression of FRA and clinicopathologic features; expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, and Ki-67; and clinical outcome of these tumors were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of FRA was significantly associated with tumors with high histologic grade, higher nodal stages, ER/PR negativity, and high proliferative activity (Ki-67 ≥ 15%), and was independent of HER2/neu overexpression. In all, 74% of ER/PR-negative and 80% of triple-negative breast cancers expressed FRA. The expression of FRA was significantly associated with a worse disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that a significant subgroup of ER/PR-negative and triple-negative breast cancers express FRA, and its expression is associated with worse clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (Drs Zhang, Chen, Wei, and Bu); RTI Health Solution, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Dr Wang); Biocare, Inc, Concord, California (Drs Tacha and Bremer); the Departments of Surgical Oncology (Drs Li and Skinner) and Pathology (Drs Hicks and Tang), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; the Department of Pathology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China (Dr Xiao); and the Department of Pathology, Japan-China Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (Dr Da).
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Tacha
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ryan E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Huijiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Da
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D058975:Folate Receptor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D058975:Folate Receptor 1; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C548696:FOLR1 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human