title: A(2A) adenosine receptors and Parkinson's disease severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the last decade, increasing evidence suggests a key role of adenosine in Parkinson's disease (PD) and A2A adenosine receptors (A2A ARs) as an important pharmacological target in PD. An overexpression of A2A ARs has been found in putamen and in peripheral blood cells of PD patients. The primary aim of this study was to verify whether the alterations in A2A ARs in lymphocytes of PD subjects correlate with disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of PD patients was enrolled. A clinical examination and a face-to-face interview were carried out. A2A ARs were investigated to verify the affinity and receptor density in lymphocyte membranes. The data were compared with those found in healthy controls. Moreover, the correlation between A2A AR density and affinity and clinical variables was evaluated in PD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In human lymphocyte membranes from PD patients, an increase in A2A AR density and a decrease in A2A AR affinity were found if compared with healthy subjects. A statistically significant correlation between the A2A AR density or affinity and specific clinical parameters as motor and cognitive impairment was detected. Patients with higher A2A AR density and lower affinity were more likely to exhibit motor complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parkinson's disease patients show an A2A AR upregulation in lymphocyte membranes if compared with healthy subjects. The correlation found between A2A AR density or affinity and clinical parameters highlights the central role of A2A AR modulation in the pharmacological treatment for PD and could suggest the putative role of A2A AR as a candidate biomarker of PD severity.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Casetta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vincenzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bencivelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corciulo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Granieri
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borea
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varani
mesh_terms: D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014227:Triazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014230:Triazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014316:Tritium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; C097270:ZM 241385; D014316:Tritium
keywords: A2A adenosine receptor; Parkinson's disease; disease progression; motor complications