title: Salicylic acid alleviates adverse effects of heat stress on photosynthesis through changes in proline production and ethylene formation.
abstract: We investigated the potential of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress on photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv WH 711. Activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and net photosynthesis decreased in plants subjected to heat stress (40 °C for 6 h), but proline metabolism increased. SA treatment (0.5 mM) alleviated heat stress by increasing proline production through the increase in γ-glutamyl kinase (GK) and decrease in proline oxidase (PROX) activity, resulting in promotion of osmotic potential and water potential necessary for maintaining photosynthetic activity. Together with this, SA treatment restricted the ethylene formation in heat-stressed plants to optimal range by inhibiting activity of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS). This resulted in improved proline metabolism, N assimilation and photosynthesis. The results suggest that SA interacts with proline metabolism and ethylene formation to alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on photosynthesis in wheat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: M Iqbal R
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Noushina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masood
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Tasir S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Per
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Nafees A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005453:Fluorescence; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009995:Osmosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017851:Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism*; D011394:Proline Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014867:Water; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D011392:Proline; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011394:Proline Oxidase; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D017851:Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor); C020650:glutamate 5-kinase; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; D009584:Nitrogen; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: ethylene; heat stress; oxidative stress; photosynthesis; proline; salicylic acid
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