title: Mechanism for synchronized motion between two humans in mutual tapping experiments: transition from alternative mode to synchronization mode.
abstract: We performed mutual tapping experiments between two humans to investigate the conditions required for synchronized motion. A transition from an alternative mode to a synchronization mode was discovered under the same conditions as when a subject changed from a reactive mode to an anticipation mode in single tapping experiments. The experimental results suggest that the cycle time for each tapping motion is tuned by a proportional control that is based on synchronization errors and cycle time errors. As the tapping frequency increases, a mathematical model based on feedback control in the sensory-motor closed loop predicts a discrete transition of the mode as the gain factors of the proportional control decrease. The conditions for synchronization are shown as a consequence of the coupled dynamics based on the next feedback loop in the sensory-motor system.
authors.affiliation: Cybernetics Group, School of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, P. O. Box 225, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013997:Time Factors