title: Perception of soft mechanical stress in Arabidopsis leaves activates disease resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study we have shown that wounding of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves induces a strong and transient immunity to Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed within minutes after wounding and are required for wound-induced resistance to B. cinerea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, we have further explored ROS and resistance to B. cinerea in leaves of A. thaliana exposed to a soft form of mechanical stimulation without overt tissue damage. After gentle mechanical sweeping of leaf surfaces, a strong resistance to B. cinerea was observed. This was preceded by a rapid change in calcium concentration and a release of ROS, accompanied by changes in cuticle permeability, induction of the expression of genes typically associated with mechanical stress and release of biologically active diffusates from the surface. This reaction to soft mechanical stress (SMS) was fully independent of jasmonate (JA signaling). In addition, leaves exposed soft mechanical stress released a biologically active product capable of inducing resistance to B. cinerea in wild type control leaves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arabidopsis can detect and convert gentle forms of mechanical stimulation into a strong activation of defense against the virulent fungus B. cinerea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 10 chemin du Musée, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland. floriane.lharidon@unifr.ch.
authors.forename: Lehcen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benikhlef
authors.forename: Floriane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: L'Haridon
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abou-Mansour
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binda
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Métraux
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
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