title: SAS1B protein [ovastacin] shows temporal and spatial restriction to oocytes in several eutherian orders and initiates translation at the primary to secondary follicle transition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sperm Acrosomal SLLP1 Binding (SAS1B) protein (ovastacin) is an oolemmal binding partner for the intra-acrosomal sperm protein SLLP1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical localization revealed that SAS1B translation is restricted among adult tissues to the ovary and oocytes, SAS1B appearing first in follicles at the primary-secondary transition. Quiescent oocytes within primordial follicles and primary follicles did not stain for SAS1B. Examination of neonatal rat ovaries revealed SAS1B expression first as faint signals in postnatal day 3 oocytes, with SAS1B protein staining intensifying with oocyte growth. Irrespective of animal age or estrus stage, SAS1B was seen only in oocytes of follicles that initiated a second granulosa cell layer. The precise temporal and spatial onset of SAS1B expression was conserved in adult ovaries in seven eutherian species, including nonhuman primates. Immunoelectron micrographs localized SAS1B within cortical granules in MII oocytes. A population of SAS1B localized on the oolemma predominantly in the microvillar region anti-podal to the nucleus in ovulated MII rat oocytes and on the oolemma in macaque GV oocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The restricted expression of SAS1B protein in growing oocytes, absence in the ovarian reserve, and localization on the oolemma suggest this zinc metalloprotease deserves consideration as a candidate target for reversible female contraceptive strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research in Contraceptive and Reproductive Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Eusebio S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Callie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hlavin
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macnamara
authors.forename: Khadijat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishola-Gbenla
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doerwaldt
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: Austin K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: Aalok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khole
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chertihin
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Curnow
authors.forename: Sandford H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Arabinda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: Jagathpala
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flickinger
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Herr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006224:Cricetinae; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008322:Mammals / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009865:Oocytes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D045726:Metalloproteases; C487826:ASTL protein, human
keywords: Astacin/ASTL/ovastacin/SAS1B; animal contraception; fertilization; oocyte biomarkers; oocyte membrane proteins; oostatin; reversible contraceptive
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