title: Thermal analysis of bulk filled composite resin polymerization using various light curing modes according to the curing depth and approximation to the cavity wall.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymerization temperature of a bulk filled composite resin light-activated with various light curing modes using infrared thermography according to the curing depth and approximation to the cavity wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Composite resin (AeliteFlo, Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) was inserted into a Class II cavity prepared in the Teflon blocks and was cured with a LED light curing unit (Dr's Light, GoodDoctors Co., Seoul, Korea) using various light curing modes for 20 s. Polymerization temperature was measured with an infrared thermographic camera (Thermovision 900 SW/TE, Agema Infra-red Systems AB, Danderyd, Sweden) for 40 s at measurement spots adjacent to the cavity wall and in the middle of the cavity from the surface to a 4 mm depth. Data were analyzed according to the light curing modes with one-way ANOVA, and according to curing depth and approximation to the cavity wall with two-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peak polymerization temperature of the composite resin was not affected by the light curing modes. According to the curing depth, the peak polymerization temperature at the depth of 1 mm to 3 mm was significantly higher than that at the depth of 4 mm, and on the surface. The peak polymerization temperature of the spots in the middle of the cavity was higher than that measured in spots adjacent to the cavity wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the photopolymerization of the composite resin, the temperature was higher in the middle of the cavity compared to the outer surface or at the internal walls of the prepared cavity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kyu-Jeong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bin-Na
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Won-Mann
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: In-Nam
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D006358:Hot Temperature; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D058105:Polymerization / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins
references.citation: J Dent. 1995 Oct;23(5):267-71
references.pmid: 7560372
references.citation: J Dent. 1997 May-Jul;25(3-4):321-30
references.pmid: 9175364
references.citation: J Dent. 1997 Nov;25(6):435-40
references.pmid: 9604575
references.citation: Eur J Oral Sci. 2004 Feb;112(1):84-8
references.pmid: 14871198
references.citation: J Appl Oral Sci. 2008 Jul-Aug;16(4):266-70
references.pmid: 19089258
references.citation: J Appl Oral Sci. 2007 Apr;15(2):105-9
references.pmid: 19089111
references.citation: Dent Mater. 1985 Dec;1(6):231-4
references.pmid: 3868632
references.citation: J Dent. 2004 Nov;32(8):643-51
references.pmid: 15476959
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2003 May;24(10):1809-20
references.pmid: 12593963
references.citation: J Esthet Dent. 1999;11(4):197-205
references.pmid: 10825876
references.citation: J Oral Rehabil. 1998 Dec;25(12):908-13
references.pmid: 9888225
references.citation: Eur J Oral Sci. 2002 Dec;110(6):471-9
references.pmid: 12507222
references.citation: Am J Dent. 2001 Oct;14(5):295-6
references.pmid: 11803993
references.citation: J Dent. 2005 Aug;33(7):593-602
references.pmid: 16005799
references.citation: Dent Mater. 1999 Jul;15(4):275-81
references.pmid: 10551096
references.citation: J Dent. 2007 Mar;35(3):238-45
references.pmid: 17030395
references.citation: Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1999 Feb;20(2 Suppl):4-12; quiz 13-4
references.pmid: 11908411
references.citation: Lasers Surg Med. 2000;26(4):386-97
references.pmid: 10805944
references.citation: J Appl Oral Sci. 2007 Feb;15(1):49-54
references.pmid: 19089100
references.citation: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1991 Apr;38(4):319-25
references.pmid: 1855791
references.citation: J Oral Rehabil. 2001 Jun;28(6):586-91
references.pmid: 11422686
references.citation: J Appl Oral Sci. 2011 Aug;19(4):403-12
references.pmid: 21710093
references.citation: Am J Dent. 1999 Jun;12(3):107-12
references.pmid: 10649930
references.citation: Oper Dent. 2001 May-Jun;26(3):260-6
references.pmid: 11357568
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965 Apr;19:515-30
references.pmid: 14263662
references.citation: J Oral Rehabil. 1992 Jan;19(1):49-64
references.pmid: 1533871
references.citation: Braz Oral Res. 2006 Apr-Jun;20(2):137-42
references.pmid: 16878207
references.citation: Dent Mater J. 2008 Jul;27(4):581-9
references.pmid: 18833773
references.citation: J Dent. 2003 Mar;31(3):189-96
references.pmid: 12726703