title: Radioimmunotherapy of Cryptococcus neoformans spares bystander mammalian cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, we showed that radioimmunotherapy (RIT) for cryptococcal infections using radioactively labeled antibodies recognizing the cryptococcal capsule reduced fungal burden and prolonged survival of mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. Here, we investigate the effects of RIT on bystander mammalian cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heat-killed C. neoformans bound to anticapsular antibodies, unlabeled or labeled with the β-emitter rhenium-188 (16.9-h half-life) or the α-emitter bismuth-213 (46-min half-life), was incubated with macrophage-like J774.16 cells or epithelial-like Chinese hamster ovary cells. Lactate dehydrogenase activity, crystal violet uptake, reduction of tetrazolium dye (2,3)-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfenyl)-(2H)-terazolium-5-carboxanilide and nitric oxide production were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The J774.16 and Chinese hamster ovary cells maintained membrane integrity, viability and metabolic activity following exposure to radiolabeled C. neoformans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RIT of C. neoformans is a selective therapy with minimal effects on host cells and these results are consistent with observations that RIT-treated mice with cryptococcal infection lacked RIT-related pathological changes in lungs and brain tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 1695A Eastchester Road, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Zewei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruchertseifer
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casadevall
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dadachova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005840:Gentian Violet
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