title: [Population characteristics and impact on heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure of passive smoking].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the basic characteristics of passive smoking population, and the impact of passive smoking on heart rate variability, heart rate and blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six passive smokers [mean age: (52.4 ± 7.6) years] were recruited from patients and their relatives who visited cardiovascular outpatient department and excluded structural heart disease between June 2010 and June 2012, 80 normal subjects who were not exposed to smoking served as controls. Questionnaire survey, 24 hours ambulatory electrocardiogram examination and blood pressure measurement were performed in all recruited subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Non-marriage rate [18.60% (16/86) vs. 3.75% (3/80), P < 0.01] was significantly higher while education level were significantly lower in passive smoking group than in control group. Passive smokers were more likely service industry workers [29.07% (25/86) vs. 15.00% (12/80), P < 0.05] and had longer daily working time [(7.56 ± 1.24) h vs. (6.02 ± 0.96) h, P < 0.01], and were less likely to be professional technology industry employers [20.93% (18/86) vs. 36.25% (29/80), P < 0.05] and managers [13.95% (12/86) vs. 38.75% (31/80), P < 0.01] compared to controls. The main place of passive smoking was workplace (67.44%, 58/86), entertainment venues (63.95%,55/86), restaurants (48.84%, 42/86). (2) Standard of the normal sinus RR intervals (SDNN), the normal consecutive sinus RR interval difference between the root-mean-square (rMSSD) and adjacent the difference between the RR interval>50 ms the number of share the percentage (PNN50) were significantly lower in passive smoking group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Every 5 min average of the standard deviation of sinus RR cycle (SDNN index) and 24 h every 5 min sinus RR interval mean standard deviation (SDANN) were similar between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). Ultra-low-frequency power (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and LF/HF were significantly lower in passive smoking group than in the control group (all P < 0.01). (3) Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in passive smoking group than in control group (all P < 0.05) while systolic blood pressure was similar between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Marriage status, education level, profession and daily working time are independent determinants for passive smoking. Passive smoking mainly occurred in the workplace, entertainment venues and restaurants. Passive smoking is linked with reduced heart rate variability, increased 24 h average heart rate and diastolic blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. zhaojing1115@126.com
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Da-yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Rong-jing
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiao-jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue-bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ji-hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wen-ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cui-lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuan-yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Luo-sha
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ying-jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Zhen-wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing-han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shao-hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Rui-yun
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhuang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution