title: Feedback inhibition of starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves mediated by trehalose 6-phosphate.
abstract: Many plants accumulate substantial starch reserves in their leaves during the day and remobilize them at night to provide carbon and energy for maintenance and growth. In this paper, we explore the role of a sugar-signaling metabolite, trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P), in regulating the accumulation and turnover of transitory starch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Ethanol-induced overexpression of trehalose-phosphate synthase during the day increased Tre6P levels up to 11-fold. There was a transient increase in the rate of starch accumulation in the middle of the day, but this was not linked to reductive activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. A 2- to 3-fold increase in Tre6P during the night led to significant inhibition of starch degradation. Maltose and maltotriose did not accumulate, suggesting that Tre6P affects an early step in the pathway of starch degradation in the chloroplasts. Starch granules isolated from induced plants had a higher orthophosphate content than granules from noninduced control plants, consistent either with disruption of the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle that is essential for efficient starch breakdown or with inhibition of starch hydrolysis by β-amylase. Nonaqueous fractionation of leaves showed that Tre6P is predominantly located in the cytosol, with estimated in vivo Tre6P concentrations of 4 to 7 µm in the cytosol, 0.2 to 0.5 µm in the chloroplasts, and 0.05 µm in the vacuole. It is proposed that Tre6P is a component in a signaling pathway that mediates the feedback regulation of starch breakdown by sucrose, potentially linking starch turnover to demand for sucrose by growing sink organs at night.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Marina Camara Mattos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hejazi
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fettke
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steup
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feil
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arrivault
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vosloh
authors.forename: Carlos María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ivakov
authors.forename: Umesh Prasad
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piques
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stitt
authors.forename: John Edward
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lunn
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008320:Maltose / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014199:Trehalose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D014312:Trisaccharides; D000431:Ethanol; C082722:trehalose-6-phosphate; C008317:maltotriose; D008320:Maltose; D013213:Starch; D014199:Trehalose; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C023180:trehalose-6-phosphate synthase
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