title: Ultrasound-guided endoscopic biliary drainage: a useful drainage method for biliary decompression in patients with biliary obstructions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with fluoroscopy guidance is a well-established technique for providing biliary drainage in patients with biliary obstructions. However, fluoroscopic facilities may not always be available and fluoroscopy carries a risk of radiation exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively compared the procedure success rate and efficacy of ultrasound-guided endoscopic biliary drainage (UG-EBD) and fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic biliary drainage (FG-EBD) in patients with biliary obstructions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had received either UG-EBD or FG-EBD were included in the study. Main outcome measurements included the procedure success rate, procedure time, and clinical response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 125 patients who had undergone UG-EBD (n = 63) and FG-EBD (n = 62) were identified. The total procedure success rate was 93.7 % in the UG-EBD group and 96.8 % in the FG-EBD group without statistical difference. Also, no significant difference was found in the procedure success rate of lower or upper/middle obstructions of the common bile duct (CBD) between the 2 groups. The mean procedure time was not different between the 2 groups [UG-EBD group 24.54 (9.52) min vs. FG-EBD group 21.74 (8.77) min, p = 0.09]. There were no differences in the normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters and immediate complication between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) under US-guidance and under fluoroscopy guidance is equally effective and safe for patients with lower or upper/middle obstructions of the CBD. The UG-EBD technique is especially suitable for special patients, such as critically ill patients, pregnant woman, etc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China, jxr112233@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiang Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shao Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jian Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
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