title: Immunohistochemical vascular factor expression in canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma.
abstract: Human inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) and canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) are considered the most malignant types of breast cancer. IMC has similar characteristics to IBC; hence, IMC has been suggested as a model to study the human disease. To compare the angiogenic and angioinvasive features of IMC with non-IMC, 3 canine mammary tumor xenograft models in female SCID mice were developed: IMC, comedocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of both primary canine tumors and xenografts using cellular markers pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin and vascular factors (VEGF-A, VEGF-D, VEGFR-3, and COX-2) was performed. Tumor cell proliferation index was measured by the Ki-67 marker. The xenograft models reproduced histological features found in the primary canine tumor and preserved the original immunophenotype. IMC xenografts showed a high invasive character with tumor emboli in the dermis, edema, and occasional observations of ulceration. In addition, compared with osteosarcoma and comedocarcinoma, the IMC model showed the highest vascular factor expression associated with a high proliferation index. Likewise, IMC xenografts showed higher COX-2 expression associated with VEGF-D and VEGFR-3, as well as a higher presence of dermal lymphatic tumor emboli, suggesting COX-2 participation in IMC lymphangiogenesis. These results provide additional evidence to consider vascular factors, their receptors, and COX-2 as therapeutic targets for IBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain laura_mond@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A González
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dunner
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Illera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D064593:Heterografts / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C021266:vascular factor; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: COX-2; SCID mice; canine mammary tumor; immunohistochemistry; inflammatory breast cancer; vascular factors; xenograft