title: Soluble IL-2 receptor and beta-2 microglobulin as possible serologic markers of neurologic disease in HTLV-1 infection.
abstract: The human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of a variety of neurologic diseases, including HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) and overactive bladder. Investigation of immune markers such as soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) has shown some promising results in distinguishing patients with neurologic disease from those with carrier status. The objective of the present study was to determine if plasma levels of sIL-2R and B2M are markers of neurologic disease in individuals infected with HTLV-1. The present study was divided into two parts. A cross-sectional study and a nested case control study. In the cross-sectional study, HAM/TSP patients had higher plasma levels of B2M and sIL-2R than patients with overactive bladder and HTLV-1 carriers (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). For the nested case control study, the sIL-2 receptor test was able to distinguish patients with HAM/TSP from patients in the combined group of carriers and patients with overactive bladder with a sensitivity of 75.8% and false positive rate of 25.4%. Plasma levels of these markers did not change with the development of HAM/TSP and overactive bladder in HTLV-1 carrier patients. The present study has shown the importance of sIL-2 receptor in helping identifying HAM/TSP. However, the levels of these makers did not change significantly with the development of neurologic disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toledo-Cornell
authors.forename: Silvane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orge
authors.forename: Marshall J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glesby
authors.forename: Edgar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin
keywords: HAM/TSP; HTLV-1; beta-2 microglobulin; neurologic disease; sIL-2R
references.citation: Lancet. 1986 May 3;1(8488):1031-2
references.pmid: 2871307
references.citation: J Clin Virol. 2011 May;51(1):54-8
references.pmid: 21388871
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998 Sep;9(9):1723-35
references.pmid: 9727382
references.citation: Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2012 Apr;70(4):252-6
references.pmid: 22510736
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Oct;70(10):2863-5
references.pmid: 4517941
references.citation: J Virol Methods. 2002 Apr;102(1-2):37-51
references.pmid: 11879691
references.citation: Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21(2):167-78
references.pmid: 11857671
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2012 Apr;84(4):664-71
references.pmid: 22337307
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006 Oct;22(10):931-5
references.pmid: 17067261
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2012 Aug;139(3):230-9
references.pmid: 21872339
references.citation: Immunology. 2003 Oct;110(2):163-9
references.pmid: 14511229
references.citation: Neurology. 2009 Sep 8;73(10):781-9
references.pmid: 19738173
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2011 Jul;83(7):1269-74
references.pmid: 21567429
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Feb 1;124(3):614-21
references.pmid: 18989900
references.citation: AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2003 Apr;17(4):147-53
references.pmid: 12737638
references.citation: J Neurol Sci. 2005 Oct 15;237(1-2):53-9
references.pmid: 15972218
references.citation: Lancet. 1985 Aug 24;2(8452):407-10
references.pmid: 2863442
references.citation: Urology. 2007 May;69(5):813-8
references.pmid: 17482910
references.citation: J Clin Virol. 2012 Mar;53(3):251-5
references.pmid: 22237002
references.citation: J Immunol. 1988 Oct 15;141(8):2612-8
references.pmid: 3262665
references.citation: Rev Neurol (Paris). 2012 Mar;168(3):257-69
references.pmid: 22405461
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 18;322(3):166-72
references.pmid: 1967191
references.citation: Retrovirology. 2011 Oct 12;8:81
references.pmid: 21992623
references.citation: Blood. 2011 Sep 8;118(10):2809-20
references.pmid: 21719603
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):3848-53
references.pmid: 10097126
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):2031-5
references.pmid: 6979048