title: Cystic fibrosis and pregnancy in the modern era: a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasingly, women with cystic fibrosis become pregnant. Outcomes of these women need further study particularly in the setting of improved survival in CF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study of pregnant CF women including 22 matched pairs with an average follow-up of 4.5 years. Nutritional outcomes, changes in lung function, and exacerbation rates were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Matched pairs were similar in age, sweat chloride, FEV1 and FVC % predicted, BMI, and diabetes status. Change in BMI, FEV1 and FVC % predicted at the end of pregnancy and at last follow-up were similar between groups. Moreover, rates of exacerbation before, during and after pregnancy were similar. On multivariable analysis pregnancy had no effect on change in lung function over the study period. Significant predictors of decline included higher pre-pregnancy lung function and pancreatic insufficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancy does not lead to immediate or medium-term adverse effects for CF patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Advanced Center for Lung and Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hoag
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Anas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadeh
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address: denis.hadjiliadis@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hadjiliadis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: Cystic fibrosis; Nutrition; Pregnancy