title: Forced genital cutting in North America: feminist theory and nursing considerations.
abstract: This article will examine forced nontherapeutic genital cutting (FNGC) through the lens of feminist theory and in relation to the concept of social justice in nursing. I will address the underlying assumptions of feminism and how they apply to the two currently legal forms of FNGC in North America: male infant circumcision and intersex infant/child genital cutting. Through a literature review and critical analysis of these practices, I will illustrate the challenges they present when considering the role of nurses in promoting social justice. If feminism asserts that bodily integrity, autonomy, and fundamental human rights are essential components of gender equality, it follows that these must be afforded to all genders without discrimination. Historically, there have been few feminists who have made this connection, yet a growing and diverse movement of people is challenging the frameworks in which we consider genital cutting in our society. Nurses are positioned well to be at the forefront of this cause and have a clear ethical duty to advocate for the elimination of all forms of FNGC.
authors.affiliation: Prospective 2014 Bachelor of Science in Nursing Graduate, University of Victoria, Canada.
authors.forename: Kira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Antinuk
mesh_terms: D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000941:ethics*; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000941:ethics*; D028781:Ethical Relativism; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005260:Female; D019513:Feminism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D016387:Women's Health / Q000941:ethics*; D014933:Women's Rights / Q000193:education*