title: Factors influencing bone mineral density in ARV-naive patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate factors which influence bone mineral density in ARV-naive patients in Sanglah Hospital, Bali.
  
  
  METHODS
  a cross-sectional BMD measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) in 73 ARV-naive HIV-infected patients in out patient clinic of Sanglah Hospital, consecutively, from January to June 2012. Inclusion criteria are ARV-naive HIV-infected patients age 13-50 year old. The relationship among factors influence BMD, CD4 level, HIV RNA, HIV stage (WHO) analysed with Anova and Spearman's correlation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  this study involved 49 males and 24 females. Mean age was 33.08±8.29. Mean CD4 was 144.71±143.40 cell/mmc with the lowest CD4 is 1. Mean viral load (VL) was 272.330±282.990 copies/ml, the lowest VL 400 copies/ml, and the highest 750 000 copies/ml. Low BMD found in 32/73 (43.8%). Osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 26/73 (35.6%) and 6/73 (8.2%). 13 (40.6%) of the low BMD cases occurred on the age group 21-30 year. Significant correlation found between low BMD with HIV stage (r=0.337; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  patients with higher HIV stage have higher risk of low BMD in ARV-naive patient. Further study is needed to evaluate correlation of low BMD with its risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masyeni
authors.forename: Susila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Utama
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Somia
authors.forename: Raka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Widiana
authors.forename: Tuti P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Merati
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015519:Bone Density; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral