title: Attenuation of Cyclosporine-Induced Sperm Impairment and Embryotoxicity by Crataegus monogyna Fruit Aqueous Extract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclosporine (Cs), a cyclic undecapeptide with potent immuno suppressive activity, causes several adverse effects including reproductive toxicity. This study aims to examine the ability of Crataegus monogyna aqueous fruit extract as an antioxidant to protect against Cs-induced reproductive toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each. Rats in two groups received 40 mg/kg/day Cs for 45 days by oral gavage. In addition, one of the two groups received Crataegus monogyna aqueous extract at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day orally four hours after Cs administration. The remaining two groups consisted of a vehicle treated control (Cont) group and a Crataegus monogyna control (Cr) group. Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SPSS software package for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cs treatment caused a signiifcant decrease in sperm count and viability with an increase in DNA damage and protamine deifciency of the sperm cells. We observed signiifcant decreases in fertilization rate and embryonic development, in addition to an increased rate of embryo arrest in Cs-treated rats. Crataegus monogyna co-administration attenuated all Cs-induced negative changes in the above-mentioned parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation with Crataegus monogyna a queous fruit extract could be useful against reproductive toxicity during Cs treatment in a rat model.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zahra
authors.forename: Najafi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gholamreza
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farokhi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shalizar Jalali
keywords: Crataegus monogyna; Cyclosporine; In Vitro Fertilization; Sperm
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