title: Nicotinamide-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes increase insulin production in pancreatic beta cells via MIF pathway.
abstract: Recent data in the literature support the role of nicotinamide (NA) as a pharmacologic agent that stimulates pancreatic beta-cells to produce insulin in vitro. There are data showing that carbon nanotubes may be useful in initiating and maintaining cellular metabolic responses. This study shows that administration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with nicotinamide (NA-MWCNTs) leads to significant insulin production compared with individual administration of NA, MWCNTs, and a control solution. Treatment of 1.4E7 cells for 30 minutes with NA-MWCNTs at concentrations ranging from 1 mg/L to 20 mg/L resulted in significantly increased insulin release (0.18 ± 0.026 ng/mL for 1 mg/L, 0.21 ± 0.024 ng/mL for 5 mg/L, and 0.27 ± 0.028 ng/mL for 20 mg/L). Thus, compared with cells treated with NA only (0.1 ± 0.01 ng/mL for 1 mg/L, 0.12 ± 0.017 ng/mL for 5 mg/L, and 0.17 ± 0.01 ng/mL for 20 mg/L) we observed a significant positive effect on insulin release in cells treated with NA-MWCNTs. The results were confirmed using flow cytometry, epifluorescence microscopy combined with immunochemistry staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. In addition, using immunofluorescence microscopy techniques, we were able to demonstrate that MWCNTs enhance insulin production via the macrophage migration inhibitory factor pathway. The application and potential of NA combined with MWCNTs as an antidiabetic agent may represent the beginning of a new chapter in the nanomediated treatment of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilie
authors.forename: Razvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ilie
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mocan
authors.forename: Flaviu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tabaran
authors.forename: Cornel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iancu
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mocan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D053769:Nanocapsules; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D009536:Niacinamide; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human
keywords: NA; carbon nanotubes; diabetes mellitus; insulin; insulin-producing cells; macrophage migration inhibitory factor
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