title: Single point incremental forming of a facial implant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The investigation draws from the fundamentals of the mechanical behaviour of titanium grade 2 to the design and fabrication of facial implants by means of single point incremental forming.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide knowledge on the capabilities and limitations of a new manufacturing technology to fabricate low-cost, patient-specific medical implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rapid fabrication of a simplified model of a facial implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circle grid analysis and its graphical representation in the fracture forming limit diagram combined with finite element modelling are utilized to identify the failure limits and to assist the overall design of the facial implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fabrication of facial implants without and with failure by cracking due to excessive thinning of the sheet from where the implant is to be cut.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of the major operative parameters that influence fabrication of sound facial implants by means of single point incremental forming.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduce the gap between production engineers and the medical community by presenting a state-of-the-art manufacturing technology to produce low-cost, patient-specific medical implants.
authors.affiliation: INEGI, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: INEGI, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montanari
authors.affiliation: FEUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal pmartins@ist.utl.pt.
authors.forename: Paulo Af
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004548:Elasticity; D005145:Face; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D011474:Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: Facial implant; fabrication; single point incremental forming; titanium