title: Evolution of bicycle helmet use and its determinants in France: 2000-2010.
abstract: This paper aims to analyse helmet use in France, as a voluntary behaviour rather than a legal requirement, promoted by public awareness campaigns. It aims to investigate the determinants of helmet wearing and to explore its evolution from 2000 to 2010. The analysis relies on data from a series of general population surveys called "Health Barometers": 2000 (n=13,163), 2005 (n=25,651) and 2010 (n=8573). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with helmet use and time trends. Nearly half of the 15-75 year olds surveyed reported that they rode a bicycle, and among these cyclists, 22.0% reported that they wore a helmet on their last ride. Further analysis by gender reveals that twice as many men than women wore helmets. Over the last decade, helmet use among cyclists has clearly increased, from 7.3% in 2000 to 22.0% in 2010, whereas the influence of social and economic factors, such as unemployment and wage disparities, appears to have decreased. Several determinants of bicycle helmet use were highlighted. To improve the effectiveness of further public information campaigns on helmet use, the key target groups should include women, under 25 year olds and people living in urban areas. Promoting the wearing of helmets among families should also be enhanced, given the higher rate of helmet use by parents as well as children.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Prevention and Health Education (Inpes), 42, Boulevard de la Libération, 93203 Saint-Denis, France. Electronic address: jean-baptiste.richard@inpes.sante.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thélot
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bicycle helmet use; General population survey; Non-legislative interventions; Risk factors