title: Dairy in adulthood: from foods to nutrient interactions on bone and skeletal muscle health.
abstract: The risk of fragility fractures exponentially increases with aging. Reduced mass and strength of both bone in osteoporosis and skeletal muscle in sarcopenia play a key role in the age-related incidence of fragility fractures. Undernutrition is often observed in the elderly, particularly in those subjects experiencing osteoporotic fractures, more likely as a cause than a consequence. Calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi), vitamin D, and protein are nutrients that impact bone and skeletal muscle integrity. Deficiency in the supply of these nutrients increases with aging. Dairy foods are rich in Ca, Pi, and proteins and in many countries are fortified with vitamin D. Dairy foods are important souces of these nutrients and go a long way to meeting the recommendations, which increase with aging. This review emphaszes the interactions between these 4 nutrients, which, along with physical activity, act through cellular and physiological pathways favoring the maintenance of both bone and skeletal muscle structure and function.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Bone Disease , University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , SWITZERLAND.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonjour
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraenzlin
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levasseur
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whiting
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients; D010710:Phosphates; D014807:Vitamin D; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
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