title: Role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertension.
abstract: Based on mosaic theory, hypertension is a multifactorial disorder that develops because of genetic, environmental, anatomical, adaptive neural, endocrine, humoral, and hemodynamic factors. It has been recently proposed that oxidative stress may contribute to all of these factors and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of hypertension. Previous studies focusing on the role of vascular NADPH oxidases provided strong support of this concept. Although mitochondria represent one of the most significant sources of cellular ROS generation, the regulation of mitochondrial ROS generation in the cardiovascular system and its pathophysiological role in hypertension are much less understood. In this review, the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension and cross talk between angiotensin II signaling, pathways involved in mechanotransduction, NADPH oxidases, and mitochondria-derived ROS are considered. The possible benefits of therapeutic strategies that have the potential to attenuate mitochondrial oxidative stress for the prevention/treatment of hypertension are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Free Radicals in Medicine Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and.
authors.forename: Sergey I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Dikalov
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ungvari
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: antioxidant; hypertension; mitochondria; oxidative stress; superoxide
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