title: Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from birds of prey in Portugal are genetically distinct from those isolated from water environments and gulls in Portugal, Spain and Sweden.
abstract: The influence of geographic distribution and type of habitat on the molecular epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli was investigated. Ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli from wastewater, urban water with faecal contamination and faeces of gulls, pigeons and birds of prey, from Portugal, Spain and Sweden were compared based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and quinolone resistance genetic determinants. Multi-locus sequence typing allowed the differentiation of E. coli lineages associated with birds of prey from those inhabiting gulls and waters. E. coli lineages of clinical relevance, such as the complex ST131, were detected in wastewater, streams and gulls in Portugal, Spain and Sweden. Quinolone resistance was due to gyrA and parC mutations, although distinct mutations were detected in birds of prey and in wastewater, streams and gulls isolates. These differences were correlated with specific MLST lineages, suggesting resistance inheritance. Among the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, only aac(6')-ib-cr and qnrS were detected in wastewater, streams and gulls isolates, but not in birds of prey. The horizontal transfer of the gene aac(6')-ib-cr could be inferred from its occurrence in different MLST lineages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vredenburg
authors.forename: Ana Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: Badrul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertilsson
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Narciso-da-Rocha
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonnedahl
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stedt
authors.forename: Paulo Martins
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Da Costa
authors.forename: Célia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Manaia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000662:veterinary; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D011174:Portugal; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D020304:Raptors / Q000382:microbiology*; D013030:Spain; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015363:Quinolones