title: Familial aggregation of primary open angle glaucoma in Shanghai, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify familial aggregation of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in first-degree relatives in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective case-control study. First-degree relatives of 113 POAG patients and 119 normal controls underwent a standardized ophthalmic examination. Each participant was diagnosed as normal, glaucoma suspect or glaucoma. The prevalence of glaucoma and glaucoma suspect in each group was calculated, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for family history were estimated using the Generalized Estimating Equations model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 531 first-degree relatives in the case group, 67 (12.62%) were identified to have POAG, a rate eight times higher than that of the control group (8 of 526, 1.52%). In family units, the prevalence OR value of glaucoma was 8.77 (95% CI: 3.73-20.62). The effect of family history on parents, siblings, and offspring of probands was statistically significant, with OR values of 6.92 (95% CI: 1.90-25.18), 11.29 (95% CI: 3.63-35.11), and 11.35 (95% CI: 1.69-76.21), respectively. In the case of glaucoma suspect, a significant effect was found for both family units (OR 5.60; 95% CI: 1.15-27.21) and offspring (10.83 OR; 95% CI: 1.34-87.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Shanghai, relatives of glaucoma patients have a strongly increased risk of glaucoma, and priorities for glaucoma screening should target this population. The study demonstrates that familial aggregation of POAG transcends racial and cultural boundaries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiangmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xinghuai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010375:Pedigree
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