title: Feasibility of using a compact elliptical device to increase energy expenditure during sedentary activities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a compact elliptical device to increase energy expenditure during sedentary activities. A secondary aim was to evaluate if two accelerometers attached to the elliptical device could provide reliable and valid assessments of participants' frequency and duration of elliptical device use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physically inactive adults (n=32, age range=25-65) were recruited through local advertisements and selected using stratified random sampling based on sex, body mass index (BMI), and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indirect calorimetry was used to assess participants' energy expenditure while seated and while using the elliptical device at a self-selected intensity level. Participants also self-reported their interest in using the elliptical device during sedentary activities. Two Actigraph GT3X accelerometers were attached to the elliptical device to record time-use patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants expended a median of 179.1 kilocalories per hour while using the elliptical device (range=108.2-269.0), or a median of 87.9 more kilocalories (range=19.7-178.6) than they would expend per hour of sedentary sitting. Participants reported high interest in using the elliptical device during TV watching and computer work, but relatively low interest in using the device during office meetings. Women reported greater interest in using the elliptical device than men. The two accelerometers recorded identical time-use patterns on the elliptical device and demonstrated concurrent validity with time-stamped computer records.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compact elliptical devices could increase energy expenditure during sedentary activities, and may provide proximal environmental cues for increasing energy expenditure across multiple life domains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States. Electronic address: lrovniak@hmc.psu.edu.
authors.forename: Liza S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Rovniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: LeAnn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Denlinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duveneck
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sciamanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, United States.
authors.forename: Andris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freivalds
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Chester A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002151:Calorimetry; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Environment and public health; Environment design; Exercise; Obesity; Physical activity; Sedentary lifestyle
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