title: Detection of leachables and cytotoxicity after exposure to methacrylate- and epoxy-based root canal sealers in vitro.
abstract: Root canal sealing materials may have toxic potential in vitro depending on the cell line, cytotoxicity assay, material chemistry, and degree of polymer curing. The aims of the present study were to detect leaching components from epoxy- or methacrylate-based root canal sealers and to investigate the degree of cytotoxicity after exposure to extracts from these materials. Qualitative determination of substances released from the materials was performed by gas- and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Submandibular salivary gland acinar cell death (apoptosis/necrosis) was determined using a fluorescence staining/microscopy technique. The major leachable monomer from the epoxy-based material was bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), whereas leachables from the methacrylate-based materials were mainly triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). Exposure to diluted extracts of cured methacrylate-based materials caused a postexposure time-dependent increase in cell death. This effect was not demonstrated as a result of exposure to undiluted extract of cured epoxy-based material. Extracts of all fresh materials induced apoptosis significantly, but at lower dilutions of the epoxy- than the methacrylate-based materials. The degree of leaching, determined from the relative chromatogram peak heights of eluates from the methacrylate-based sealer materials, corresponded with the degree of cell death induced by extracts of these materials.
authors.affiliation: NIOM-Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway; Department of Dental and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lodienė
authors.forename: Hilde M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kopperud
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ørstavik
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bruzell
mesh_terms: D061354:Acinar Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials
keywords: cytotoxicity; epoxy polymer; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; methacrylate polymer; root canal sealers