title: FRET-based biofriendly apo-GO(x)-modified gold nanoprobe for specific and sensitive glucose sensing and cellular imaging.
abstract: In this paper, we have developed a biofriendly and high sensitive apo-GOx (inactive form of glucose oxidase)-modified gold nanoprobe for quantitative analysis of glucose and imaging of glucose consumption in living cells. This detection system is based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between apo-GOx modified AuNPs (Au nanoparticles) and dextran-FITC (dextran labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate). Once glucose is present, quenched fluorescence of FITC recovers due to the higher affinity of apo-GOx for glucose over dextran. The nanoprobe shows excellent selectivity toward glucose over other monosaccharides and most biological species present in living cells. A detection limit as low as 5 nM demonstrates the high sensitivity of the nanoprobe. Introduction of apo-GOx, instead of GOx, can avoid the consumption of O2 and production of H2O2 during the interaction with glucose, which may exert effects on normal physiological events in living cells and even lead to cellular damage. Due to the low toxicity of this detection system and reliable cellular uptake ability of AuNPs, imaging of intracellular glucose consumption was successfully realized in cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lifei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Ruirui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001051:Apoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001051:Apoenzymes; D006046:Gold; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose