title: Alterations in the gut microbiota associated with HIV-1 infection.
abstract: Understanding gut microbiota alterations associated with HIV infection and factors that drive these alterations may help explain gut-linked diseases prevalent with HIV. 16S rRNA sequencing of feces from HIV-infected individuals revealed that HIV infection is associated with highly characteristic gut community changes, and antiretroviral therapy does not consistently restore the microbiota to an HIV-negative state. Despite the chronic gut inflammation characteristic of HIV infection, the associated microbiota showed limited similarity with other inflammatory states and instead showed increased, rather than decreased, diversity. Meta-analysis revealed that the microbiota of HIV-infected individuals in the U.S. was most similar to a Prevotella-rich community composition typically observed in healthy individuals in agrarian cultures of Malawi and Venezuela and related to that of U.S. individuals with carbohydrate-rich, protein- and fat-poor diets. By evaluating innate and adaptive immune responses to lysates from bacteria that differ with HIV, we explore the functional drivers of these compositional differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lozupone
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Sonia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Linderman
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gebert
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fontenot
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development; D058448:Biota; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D064806:Dysbiosis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
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