title: Processing of S-cone signals in the inner plexiform layer of the mammalian retina.
abstract: Color information is encoded by two parallel pathways in the mammalian retina. One pathway compares signals from long- and middle-wavelength sensitive cones and generates red-green opponency. The other compares signals from short- and middle-/long-wavelength sensitive cones and generates blue-green (yellow) opponency. Whereas both pathways operate in trichromatic primates (including humans), the fundamental, phylogenetically ancient color mechanism shared among most mammals is blue-green opponency. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how signals from short-wavelength sensitive cones are processed in the primate and nonprimate mammalian retina, with a focus on the inner plexiform layer where bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cell processes interact to facilitate the generation of blue-green opponency.
authors.affiliation: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kiyoharu J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Miyagishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grünert
authors.affiliation: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D055253:Color Vision / Q000502:physiology*; D055358:Cone Opsins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D011323:Primates; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000502:physiology; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D055358:Cone Opsins
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