title: Histological evaluation of bone formation adjacent to dental implants with a novel apical chamber design: preliminary data in the rabbit model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wound healing events after implant placement will vary according to the extent of the necrotic zone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to evaluate bone healing around titanium implants with a novel apical chamber design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium implants grade 4 were turned with different apex design. Control implants had a self tapping design with centric cutting grooves. Test implants exhibited eccentric cutting grooves interconnected by a hollow chamber. A total of 60 implants were installed in the femur/tibia of 10 rabbits for histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 week, immature bone formation started at the cortical level of the test implants associated to scalloped contours indicative of bone resorption. Control implants failed to show new bone formation, and the space within the threads was filled mainly by red blood cells and surgical debris. Bone contact values showed no difference after 1 week, and significant higher values for test implants showed likewise after 4 weeks compared with control implants in the tibia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experimental study verifies the beneficial effect of bone formation in the chamber at the apical part of the fixture coupled to a faster bone healing to implants placed in dense bone.
authors.affiliation: Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meirelles
authors.affiliation: Brånemark Osseointegration Center, Göteborg, Sweden.|P-I Brånemark Institute, Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: Per-Ingvar
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Brånemark
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Department of Materials Science & Technology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albrektsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Changyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics/Dental Material Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D014025:Titanium; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium
keywords: bone formation; bone-implant interface; implant design; osseointegration