title: Graner's procedure in Kienböck disease: a series of four cases with 25years of follow-up.
abstract: Advanced stages of Kienböck's disease are treated by several techniques, one of which is Graner's procedure, nearly abandoned nowadays. The results of long-term follow-up of a series of four cases Graner's procedure are presented. Four patients were reviewed with a follow-up of 25years. There were two women and two men mean aged 37years at the time of surgery. Two of them were manual workers. Graner's procedure was the first surgery in three cases and secondary to failure of radius shortening in one case of Stage IIIa. Three patients underwent bone healing and the fourth benefited secondarily from radiocarpal arthrodesis. At maximal follow-up, the mean DASH score was 36.6 and pain assessed by visual analogic scale was 3.25 out of 10; the range of movement was half of the opposite side; the wrist strength was 80.9% of the opposite side. In the three consolidated cases, a spontaneous remodeling of the radiocarpal articular surfaces was noted. Graner's procedure is logical as it aims at creating a new radiocarpal articulation, either by the fusion of the lunate with the capitate (Graner I) or by replacing the lunate with the head of the capitate (Graner II and III). However, this old procedure should no longer be one of the surgical procedures for Kienböck disease due to its drawbacks: necrosis or non-union of the head of the capitate, necessity to perform a wrist fusion in the long-term and side effects of bone graft harvesting.
  
  
  METHODS
  II. Retrospective study.
authors.affiliation: Department of hand surgery, Strasbourg university hospitals, 10, avenue Baumann, 67403 Illkirch cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Facca
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gondrand
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lequint
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nonnenmacher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liverneaux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Arthrose; Graner; Kienböck; Osteoarthritis; Osteonecrosis; Ostéonécrose