title: A novel technique for VMAT QA with EPID in cine mode on a Varian TrueBeam linac.
abstract: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a relatively new treatment modality for dynamic photon radiation therapy. Pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) is necessary and many efforts have been made to apply electronic portal imaging device (EPID)-based IMRT QA methods to VMAT. It is important to verify the gantry rotation speed during delivery as this is a new variable that is also modulated in VMAT. In this paper, we present a new technique to perform VMAT QA using an EPID. The method utilizes EPID cine mode and was tested on Varian TrueBeam in research mode. The cine images were acquired during delivery and converted to dose matrices after profile correction and dose calibration. A sub-arc corresponding to each cine image was extracted from the original plan and its portal image prediction was calculated. Several analyses were performed including 3D γ analysis (2D images + gantry angle axis), 2D γ analysis, and other statistical analyses. The method was applied to 21 VMAT photon plans of 3 photon energies. The accuracy of the cine image information was investigated. Furthermore, this method's sensitivity to machine delivery errors was studied. The pass rate (92.8 ± 1.4%) for 3D γ analysis was comparable to those from Delta(4) system (99.9 ± 0.1%) under similar criteria (3%, 3 mm, 5% threshold and 2° angle to agreement) at 6 MV. The recorded gantry angle and start/stop MUs were found to have sufficient accuracy for clinical QA. Machine delivery errors can be detected through combined analyses of 3D γ, gantry angle, and percentage dose difference. In summary, we have developed and validated a QA technique that can simultaneously verify the gantry angle and delivered MLC fluence for VMAT treatment.This technique is efficient and its accuracy is comparable to other QA methods.
authors.affiliation: Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Justus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Fugen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fang-fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Qiuwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D019300:Medical Errors; D011786:Quality Control; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000295:instrumentation*