title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical profile in anaplastic gangliogliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anaplastic ganglioglioma (AG) is the high-grade counterpart of ganglioglioma, a rare mixed tumor composed of neuronal/ganglion and glial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the histopathology and immunohistochemistry in 7 cases of AG and correlate them with the clinical and radiological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our AG patients correspond to 2.5% of the central nervous system tumor patients evaluated in our institution. The mean age at presentation was 25.7 years, with a male predominance. The most common clinical presentation was generalized tonic-clonic seizures (3/7 cases), in correlation with frequent cortical/subcortical location (6/7 cases). Histopathologically, all our cases showed high-grade features in glial (glial fibrillary acid protein-positive) and neuron-ganglion cells (synaptophysin, PGP-9.5, neurofilament, NSE and CD56-positive), as well as moderate cellularity, frequent mitotic figures and a Ki-67 labeling index >5%. All our patients had poor survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that a typical histopathological and immunohistochemical profile is constant and can be useful in early diagnosis of these aggressive neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropathology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Alfredo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Romero-Rojas
authors.forename: Julio A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Diaz-Perez
authors.forename: Sandra I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Chinchilla-Olaya
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lozano-Castillo
authors.forename: Ligia I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Restrepo-Escobar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D018303:Ganglioglioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anaplastic ganglioglioma; Estudio observacional; Ganglioglioma; Ganglioglioma anaplásico; Histopathology; Histopatología; Immunohistochemistry; Inmunohistoquímica; Neurocirugía; Neuroradiology; Neurorradiología; Neurosurgery; Observational study