title: Measuring response in the gastrointestinal tract in systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is the most common internal complication. This review discusses the outcome measures to capture GIT involvement in clinical care and trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient-reported outcome measures have been validated (UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium GIT 2.0 and NIH PROMIS scales) in SSc-GIT. Multiple objective measures are available to assess mucosal involvement and motility in GIT. However, these need to be validated in SSc for trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GIT is a common cause of morbidity and has negative impact on quality of life in SSc. Recommendations are given for trial design and evaluation of GIT involvement in SSc.
authors.affiliation: aUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan bCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California cUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gladue
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chey
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frech
mesh_terms: D003938:Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
references.citation: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010 Mar-Apr;28(2 Suppl 58):S42-6
references.pmid: 20576213
references.citation: Dis Esophagus. 2012 Aug;25(6):477-83
references.pmid: 21966890
references.citation: Eur Respir J. 2006 Jan;27(1):136-42
references.pmid: 16387946
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11;365(6):527-36
references.pmid: 21830967
references.citation: Digestion. 2008;78(2-3):144-51
references.pmid: 19033686
references.citation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Mar 15;23(6):691-712
references.pmid: 16556171
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2011 Jan 6;364(1):22-32
references.pmid: 21208106
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011 Feb;50(2):330-4
references.pmid: 20884655
references.citation: Reumatol Clin. 2012 May-Jun;8(3):135-40
references.pmid: 22197834
references.citation: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11:S98-111
references.pmid: 22588774
references.citation: Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007 Jul;23(4):416-21
references.pmid: 17545779
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Sep;107(9):1354-60
references.pmid: 22777339
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Oct;51(10):1747-56
references.pmid: 22850183
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Jun;48 Suppl 3:iii36-9
references.pmid: 19487222
references.citation: Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Feb;43(2):146-53; discussion 153-4
references.pmid: 10696886
references.citation: Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 May;24(5):456-63, e215-6
references.pmid: 22284754
references.citation: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1996 Nov;8(6):569-75
references.pmid: 9018461
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2005 May;32(5):832-40
references.pmid: 15868618
references.citation: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2012 Nov;121(11):738-45
references.pmid: 23193907
references.citation: Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012 Feb;14(1):22-9
references.pmid: 22105546
references.citation: J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2011 Dec;55(6):551-5
references.pmid: 22141601
references.citation: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008 Jan 31;6:12
references.pmid: 18237386
references.citation: Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013 Jul;29(4):431-6
references.pmid: 23549342
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jan;96(1):52-7
references.pmid: 11197287
references.citation: Cancer Imaging. 2012 Sep 28;12:324-35
references.pmid: 23023063
references.citation: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011 Mar-Apr;29(2 Suppl 65):S22-5
references.pmid: 21586214
references.citation: Eur J Surg Suppl. 1998;(583):41-9
references.pmid: 10027672
references.citation: J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Apr;29(2):144-51
references.pmid: 20679150
references.citation: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008 Apr 30;6:31
references.pmid: 18447946
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Sep 15;61(9):1257-63
references.pmid: 19714600
references.citation: Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 May;68(5):710-4
references.pmid: 18762475
references.citation: J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 Oct;18(4):365-72
references.pmid: 23105996
references.citation: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11:S486-90
references.pmid: 22588770
references.citation: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011 Mar-Apr;29(2 Suppl 65):S15-21
references.pmid: 21586213
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2004 May;13(4):833-44
references.pmid: 15129893
references.citation: Harefuah. 2010 Feb;149(2):83-6, 125
references.pmid: 20549923
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Aug;68(2):255-66
references.pmid: 18513722
references.citation: Jpn J Radiol. 2012 Aug;30(7):541-52
references.pmid: 22744438
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2005 Dec;19(12):1618-21
references.pmid: 16211436
references.citation: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987 Jan-Feb;11(1):8-13
references.pmid: 3820522
references.citation: Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012 Nov-Dec;55(3):724-8
references.pmid: 22483588
references.citation: Z Gastroenterol. 2012 Jul;50(7):661-9
references.pmid: 22760677
references.citation: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Jan;42(1):16-21
references.pmid: 16385248
references.citation: Digestion. 2013;87(2):91-9
references.pmid: 23306733
references.citation: Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Jul;51(7):1010-4
references.pmid: 18437494
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2011 Sep;38(9):1920-4
references.pmid: 21724699
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2003 Sep;12(6):699-708
references.pmid: 14516179
references.citation: Gastrointest Radiol. 1984;9(3):253-61
references.pmid: 6468863
references.citation: Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011 Jul;50(7):1280-7
references.pmid: 21324979
references.citation: Nurs Times. 2004 May 4-10;100(18):61
references.pmid: 15151011
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2011 Sep;38(9):1925-30
references.pmid: 21724704
references.citation: Intern Med J. 2012 Mar;42(3):323-9
references.pmid: 22432985
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1994 Aug;94(2):761-70
references.pmid: 8040331
references.citation: Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;31(5):666-71
references.pmid: 22417677
references.citation: Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Jan;43(1):9-16; discussion 16-7
references.pmid: 10813117
references.citation: Radiol Clin North Am. 2013 Jan;51(1):177-87
references.pmid: 23182515
references.citation: Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2012 Oct;14(5):443-6
references.pmid: 22943582
references.citation: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013 Mar-Apr;31(2 Suppl 76):57-63
references.pmid: 23910611
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 1992 Feb;1(1):73-5
references.pmid: 1301117
references.citation: Clin Nutr. 2013 Feb;32(1):130-5
references.pmid: 22770637
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2004 Jan;126(1 Suppl 1):S106-13
references.pmid: 14978646