title: Apoptosis of non-parasitised red blood cells in Plasmodium yoelii malaria.
abstract: Recently, while studying erythrocytic apoptosis during Plasmodium yoelii infection, we observed an increase in the levels of non-parasitised red blood cell (nRBC) apoptosis, which could be related to malarial anaemia. Therefore, in the present study, we attempted to investigate whether nRBC apoptosis is associated with the peripheral RBC count, parasite load or immune response. To this end, BALB/c mice were infected with P. yoelii 17XL and nRBC apoptosis, number of peripheral RBCs, parasitaemia and plasmatic levels of cytokines, nitric oxide and anti-RBC antibodies were evaluated at the early and late stages of anaemia. The apoptosis of nRBCs increased at the late stage and was associated with parasitaemia, but not with the intensity of the immune response. The increased percentage of nRBC apoptosis that was observed when anaemia was accentuated was not related to a reduction in peripheral RBCs. We conclude that nRBC apoptosis in P. yoelii malaria appears to be induced in response to a high parasite load. Further studies on malaria models in which acute anaemia develops during low parasitaemia are needed to identify the potential pathogenic role of nRBC apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo Renato Rivas
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Totino
authors.forename: Raquel Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: Ana Cecilia Amado Xavier de
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Dalma Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Banic
authors.forename: Cláudio Tadeu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Daniel-Ribeiro
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Ferreira-da-Cruz
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D059208:Parasite Load; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000097:blood; D010967:Plasmodium yoelii; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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