title: Toxic mechanisms of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol on progesterone production in R2C rat leydig cells.
abstract: 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a well-known food processing contaminant that has been shown to impede the male reproductive function. However, its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In this study, the effects of 3-MCPD on progesterone production were investigated using R2C Leydig cells. 3-MCPD caused concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability at the IC25, IC50, and IC75 levels of 1.027, 1.802, and 3.160 mM, respectively. Single cell gel/comet assay and atomic force microscopy assay showed that 3-MCPD significantly induced early apoptosis. In addition, 3-MCPD significantly reduced progesterone production by reducing the expression of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in R2C cells. The change in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression was highly consistent with progesterone production. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential and cAMP significantly decreased.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jianxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Weibin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Feiyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Qihao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Yadong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin; D005990:Glycerol