title: The subventricular zone is able to respond to a demyelinating lesion after localized radiation.
abstract: Radiation is a common tool in the treatment of brain tumors that induces neurological deficits as a side effect. Some of these deficits appear to be related to the impact of radiation on the neurogenic niches, producing a drastic decrease in the proliferative capacity of these regions. In the adult mammalian brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles is the main neurogenic niche. Neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) within the SVZ play an important role in brain repair following injuries. However, the irradiated NSCs' ability to respond to damage has not been previously elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of localized radiation on the SVZ ability to respond to a lysolecithin-induced demyelination of the striatum. We demonstrated that the proliferation rate of the irradiated SVZ was increased after brain damage and that residual NSCs were reactivated. The irradiated SVZ had an expansion of doublecortin positive cells that appeared to migrate from the lateral ventricles toward the demyelinated striatum, where newly generated oligodendrocytes were found. In addition, in the absence of demyelinating damage, remaining cells in the irradiated SVZ appeared to repopulate the neurogenic niche a year post-radiation. These findings support the hypothesis that NSCs are radioresistant and can respond to a brain injury, recovering the neurogenic niche. A more complete understanding of the effects that localized radiation has on the SVZ may lead to improvement of the current protocols used in the radiotherapy of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Capilla-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Cazares
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bonsu
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Perez
authors.forename: Pragathi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Achanta
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jose Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Verdugo
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Hinojosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*
keywords: Brain Damage; Demyelinating diseases; Lysolecithin; Neural stem cells; Oligodendrogenesis; Radiation; Subventricular zone
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