title: Differential sensitivity of bat cells to infection by enveloped RNA viruses: coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, filoviruses, and influenza viruses.
abstract: Bats (Chiroptera) host major human pathogenic viruses including corona-, paramyxo, rhabdo- and filoviruses. We analyzed six different cell lines from either Yinpterochiroptera (including African flying foxes and a rhinolophid bat) or Yangochiroptera (genera Carollia and Tadarida) for susceptibility to infection by different enveloped RNA viruses. None of the cells were sensitive to infection by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine coronavirus, or to infection mediated by the Spike (S) protein of SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) incorporated into pseudotypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The resistance to infection was overcome if cells were transfected to express the respective cellular receptor, porcine aminopeptidase N for TGEV or angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 for SARS-CoV. VSV pseudotypes containing the S proteins of two bat SARS-related CoV (Bg08 and Rp3) were unable to infect any of the six tested bat cell lines. By contrast, viral pseudotypes containing the surface protein GP of Marburg virus from the family Filoviridae infected all six cell lines though at different efficiency. Notably, all cells were sensitive to infection by two paramyxoviruses (Sendai virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus) and three influenza viruses from different subtypes. These results indicate that bat cells are more resistant to infection by coronaviruses than to infection by paramyxoviruses, filoviruses and influenza viruses. Furthermore, these results show a receptor-dependent restriction of the infection of bat cells by CoV. The implications for the isolation of coronaviruses from bats are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Marcel Alexander
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Jan Felix
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glende
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erdt
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gützkow
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Losemann
authors.forename: Tabea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Binger
authors.forename: Hongkui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwegmann-Weßels
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drosten
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herrler
mesh_terms: D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D016563:Filoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D018098:Paramyxovirinae / Q000502:physiology*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D014357:Trypsin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins
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