title: Effect of thrombosis-related gene polymorphisms upon oral cancer: a regression analysis.
abstract: It is well-known that there is an interplay between hemostasis, thrombosis and cancer. Functional DNA polymorphisms in genes encoding factors related to thrombosis have been associated with increased risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study investigated the possible combinatory effect of 10 such polymorphisms as primary risk predictors for OSCC in a European population. Two groups including 160 patients with OSCC and 168 healthy controls of Greek and German origin were studied. The patient and control groups were comparable regarding ethnicity, age and gender. For all studied individuals, 10 genotypes of functional polymorphisms were investigated: 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, coagulation factor V (F5) Leiden, coagulation factor II (F2, also known as prothrombin) G20210A, coagulation factor XII (F12) C46T, coagulation factor XIII A1 subunit (F13A1) Val34Leu, serpine1 (SERPINE1, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) 4G/5G, protein Z (PROZ) -A13G, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D, angiotensinogen (AGT) Met325Thr, and carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2, also known as thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor) C1040T. Multivariate logistic regression models were used in order to evaluate the relation and contribution of homozygous and heterozygous variant polymorphisms upon overall, early and advanced stages of OSCC. Five out of the studied polymorphisms, influencing the expression of SERPINE1 and ACE genes, as well as the activity of CPB2, F12 and F13 proteins, were recognized as significant predictive factors for OSCC. The 'mode of inheritance' regression model, in particular, revealed the low expression I allele of ACE to be a primary predictor in overall, early and advanced stages of oral cancer. Comparing the present findings with previous knowledge, possible interactions of these factors and their relation to the risk for OSCC development are discussed.
authors.affiliation: D.D.S., Ph.D., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Rimini 1, Athens 12461, Greece. lvairakt@med.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vylliotis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yapijakis
authors.forename: Emeka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nkenke
authors.forename: Themistoklis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nisyrios
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Avgoustidis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamopoulou
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ragos
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: Nikolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koronellos
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vairaktaris
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Oral cancer; SNPs; angiotensin-converting enzyme; angiotensinogen; coagulation factors; regression analysis; serpine1