title: [Evaluation of intrauterine death: importance of examination of fetal, placental and maternal factors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrauterine death is a multifactorial major complication during pregnancy. In this retrospective analysis the pathological anatomical findings of fetuses and placentas as well as maternal factors were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective screening of post-mortem examinations, corresponding placental examinations and clinical data on maternal status (1998-2008) was carried out. A classification of all findings was made with the ReCoDe system and induced abortions and cases with incomplete data were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84 pregnancies involving 87 fetuses (9 siblings) were evaluated. The median gestation age was 20 weeks (range 12-41). The evaluation based on the ReCoDe system revealed that intrauterine death was mainly associated with placental diseases (n = 63) and to a lesser extent with fetal malformations (n = 15) or maternal diseases (n = 4). Idiopathic cases were rare (n = 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental examination is important for explaining intrauterine death because in most cases an association with placental diseases can be found but fetal malformation and maternal diseases must be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Kaisenberg
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kreipe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hussein
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000473:pathology; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000473:pathology*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000473:pathology; D005333:Fetus / Q000473:pathology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Placenta. 2009 Aug;30(8):700-4
references.pmid: 19535137
references.citation: Placenta. 1987 Mar-Apr;8(2):153-65
references.pmid: 3615374
references.citation: Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2011 Mar-Apr;14(2):99-104
references.pmid: 20718631
references.citation: Am J Perinatol. 2007 Jan;24(1):61-4
references.pmid: 17195144
references.citation: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998 Aug;77(7):722-8
references.pmid: 9740519
references.citation: Fetal Diagn Ther. 2009;25(2):186-91
references.pmid: 19349700
references.citation: Prenat Diagn. 2011 Jan;31(1):38-45
references.pmid: 21210479
references.citation: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011 Jan;90(1):19-25
references.pmid: 21275911
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Oct;114(4):809-817
references.pmid: 19888039
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol Int. 2012;2012:684083
references.pmid: 22645615
references.citation: Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011 Feb;283(2):231-41
references.pmid: 20052483
references.citation: BMJ. 1995 Jan 21;310(6973):155-8
references.pmid: 7833753
references.citation: BMC Pediatr. 2011 Dec 22;11:120
references.pmid: 22192497
references.citation: Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1991 Jun;43(6):595-602
references.pmid: 1856519
references.citation: Med Hypotheses. 1995 Jul;45(1):73-5
references.pmid: 8524185
references.citation: Fetal Diagn Ther. 2011;29(2):148-54
references.pmid: 21079385
references.citation: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:293867
references.pmid: 22966214
references.citation: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(11):1202-12
references.pmid: 18951207
references.citation: BMJ. 2005 Nov 12;331(7525):1113-7
references.pmid: 16236774
references.citation: Am J Perinatol. 2012 Aug;29(7):551-6
references.pmid: 22495898
references.citation: Virchows Arch. 2011 Dec;459(6):565-72
references.pmid: 22038509
references.citation: Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2007 Dec;276(6):619-23
references.pmid: 17541617
references.citation: Placenta. 2006 Apr-May;27(4-5):468-74
references.pmid: 16009423
references.citation: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004 Apr 15;113(2):134-8
references.pmid: 15063948