title: Test-retest repeatability of strength capacity, aerobic power and pericranial tenderness of neck and shoulder muscles in children - relevant for tension-type headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frequent or chronic tension-type headache in children is a prevalent and debilitating condition for the child, often leading to medication overuse. To explore the relationship between physical factors and tension-type headache in children, the quality of repeated measures was examined. The aim of the present study was to determine the test-retest repeatability of parameters determining isometric neck and shoulder strength and stability, aerobic power, and pericranial tenderness in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy children, 9 to 18 years of age, participated in test-retest procedures within a 1-week interval. A computerized padded force transducer was used for testing. The tests included the isometric maximal voluntary contraction and force steadiness of neck flexion and extension, and the isometric maximal voluntary contraction and rate of force of the dominant shoulder. Pericranial tenderness was recorded by means of standardized manual palpation, and a submaximal cycle ergometer test predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The measurements were evaluated in steps, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); changes in the mean between the two test occasions; the levels of agreement, visualized in Bland-Altman Plots; and by quantifying the variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed an acceptable test-retest repeatability of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (ICC 0.90-0.97). The force steadiness measurements revealed a trend of systematic changes in the direction of neck flexion and need further examination in both healthy and ill children. The rate of force development, Total Tenderness Score, and prediction of VO2 max showed repeatability, with ICC 0.80-0.87.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurements of strength capacity, aerobic power, and tenderness provide acceptable repeatability, suitable for research in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Scania, Sweden ; Children's Headache Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark ; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark ; Department of Physiotherapy, Medical Department, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Birte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tornøe
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Jørgen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Skotte
authors.forename: Rigmor
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Gunvor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gard
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hallström
keywords: cardiovascular fitness; intratester reliability; muscle strength
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