title: Effects of light intensity and nitrogen starvation on glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and carotenoid composition in Dunaliella tertiolecta culture.
abstract: Time-course variation of lipid and carotenoid production under high light (300 μE/m²s) and nitrogen starvation conditions was determined in a Dunaliella tertiolecta strain. Nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) chip based direct infusion was used for lipid analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a photodiode array (PDA) or atmospheric chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) was used for carotenoid analysis. A total of 29 lipids and 7 carotenoids were detected. Alterations to diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species were significant observations under stress conditions. Their role in relation to the regulation of photosynthesis under stress condition is discussed in this study. The total carotenoid content was decreased under stress conditions, while ã-carotene was increased under nitrate-deficient cultivation. The highest productivity of carotenoid was attained under high light and nitrate sufficiency (HLNS) condition, which result from the highest level of biomass under HLNS. When stress was induced at stationary phase, the substantial changes to the lipid composition occurred, and the higher carotenoid content and productivity were exhibited. This is the first report to investigate the variation of lipids, including glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and carotenoid in D. tertiolecta in response to stress conditions using lipidomics tools.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Hyeon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Seok-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seong-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Byung-Kwan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hookeun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Choul-Gyun
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyung-Kyoon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000172:deficiency*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D006017:Glycolipids; D002338:Carotenoids; D009584:Nitrogen
references.citation: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 May;400(5):1339-46
references.pmid: 21380750
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Jul;107(1):14-35
references.pmid: 19245408
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1957 May;226(1):497-509
references.pmid: 13428781
references.citation: Prog Lipid Res. 2007 Sep;46(5):225-43
references.pmid: 17599463
references.citation: J Chromatogr A. 2012 Jun 29;1244:139-47
references.pmid: 22608776
references.citation: Mass Spectrom Rev. 2003 Sep-Oct;22(5):332-64
references.pmid: 12949918
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009 Sep 15;877(26):2836-46
references.pmid: 19233743
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2012 May;111:276-81
references.pmid: 22353211
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2011 Jun 23;585(12):1985-91
references.pmid: 21575636
references.citation: J Plant Res. 2004 Dec;117(6):495-505
references.pmid: 15538651
references.citation: Plant J. 2008 May;54(4):621-39
references.pmid: 18476868
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Sep 15;671(1-2):169-95
references.pmid: 8520691
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39463
references.pmid: 22745761
references.citation: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Jul 1;106(4):638-48
references.pmid: 20229508
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jan;102(2):1649-55
references.pmid: 20947341
references.citation: Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2001;15(24):2393-8
references.pmid: 11746908
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2010 Oct;37(7):3427-30
references.pmid: 19943116
references.citation: J Microbiol Methods. 2012 Jan;88(1):28-34
references.pmid: 22036764
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2002;53:247-73
references.pmid: 12221975
references.citation: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Dec;404(10):3145-54
references.pmid: 23052878
references.citation: J Biosci. 2012 Sep;37(4):635-45
references.pmid: 22922189
references.citation: Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2011 Jan 01;16:619-43
references.pmid: 21196193