title: Detection of Clostridium sordellii strains expressing hemorrhagic toxin (TcsH) and implications for diagnostics and regulation of veterinary vaccines.
abstract: Clostridium sordellii is a Gram positive anaerobic bacterium that causes multiple disease syndromes in both humans and animals. As with many clostridial pathogens, toxins contribute to the virulence of C. sordellii. Two large toxins have been identified: a lethal toxin (TcsL) and a hemorrhagic toxin (TcsH) which are similar in structure and function to Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) and toxin A (TcdA), respectively. While TcdA, TcdB, and TcsL have been extensively studied, relatively little is known about TcsH. This study elucidated the TcsH gene sequence using whole genome sequencing, compared the genotype with toxin expression of 52 C. sordellii strains, and examined the role of TcsH in batch release potency tests required for veterinary vaccines licensed in the United States and other testing utilizing WHO standard antitoxin. Data from this study will assist in future research to clarify the TcsH contribution to the pathogenesis of C. sordellii infections and may aid in the development of improved vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Center for Veterinary Biologics, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Electronic address: teri.l.thiele@aphis.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Teri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: Tod P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Stuber
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000276:immunology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000592:standards; D047989:Paraclostridium sordellii / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000992:Antitoxins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004768:Enterotoxins; C072293:hemorrhagic toxin HT, Clostridium sordellii; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile
keywords: Clostridium sordellii; Hemorrhagic toxin; TcsH