title: [Visceral leishmaniasis in two children after vacation in Southern Europe].
abstract: Pancytopenia, fever and splenomegaly are frequent causes for referrals to paediatric haematology departments, on the suspicion of acute leukaemia. We report two cases of Danish children with the tropical disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL) contracted on short vacations in Southern Europe. One of the patients developed secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH). Both children were successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B. In Denmark, VL is a rare but important differential diagnosis to acute leukaemia and HLH, and should be ruled out after journeys to endemic areas, including Southern Europe.
authors.affiliation: BørneUngeKlinikken, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø. fcastberg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Filip Christian
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Castberg
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Bodil Laub
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lausen
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B