title: Hydrostatic pressure activates ATP-sensitive K+ channels in lung epithelium by ATP release through pannexin and connexin hemichannels.
abstract: Lungs of air-breathing vertebrates are constantly exposed to mechanical forces and therefore are suitable for investigation of mechanotransduction processes in nonexcitable cells and tissues. Freshly dissected Xenopus laevis lungs were used for transepithelial short-circuit current (ISC) recordings and were exposed to increased hydrostatic pressure (HP; 5 cm fluid column, modified Ussing chamber). I(SC) values obtained under HP (I(5cm)) were normalized to values before HP (I(0cm)) application (I(5cm)/I(0cm)). Under control conditions, HP decreased I(SC) (I(5cm)/I(0cm)=0.84; n=68; P<0.0001). This effect was reversible and repeatable ≥30 times. Preincubation with ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)) inhibitors (HMR1098 and glibenclamide) prevented the decrease in I(SC) (I(5cm)/I(0cm): HMR1098=1.19, P<0.0001; glibenclamide=1.11, P<0.0001). Similar effects were observed with hemichannel inhibitors (I(5cm)/I(0cm): meclofenamic acid=1.09, P<0.0001; probenecid=1.0, P<0.0001). The HP effect was accompanied by release of ATP (P<0.05), determined by luciferin-luciferase luminescence in perfusion solution from the luminal side of an Ussing chamber. ATP release was abrogated by both meclofenamic acid and probenecid. RT-PCR experiments revealed the expression of pannexin and connexin hemichannels and KATP subunit transcripts in X. laevis lung. These data show an activation of KATP in pulmonary epithelial cells in response to HP that is induced by ATP release through mechanosensitive pannexin and connexin hemichannels. These findings represent a novel mechanism of mechanotransduction in nonexcitable cells.
authors.affiliation: 2Institute of Animal Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 26, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. martin.fronius@bio.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Benno A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Grzesik
authors.forename: Wolfgang G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Clauss
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fronius
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017630:Connexins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D054086:KATP Channels; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: Ussing chamber; Xenopus laevis; mechanotransduction; stretch; transepithelial ion transport