title: Neuro-ophthalmic deficits after head trauma.
abstract: Head trauma can injure the afferent and/or efferent visual systems, resulting in neuro-ophthalmic deficits. When assessing afferent pathway injuries, a stepwise approach to evaluating visual acuity, pupils, color perception, and visual fields is critical. Traumatic optic neuropathy is of especial importance and its management must be tailored on a case-by-case basis. Efferent pathway injuries should be assessed with attention to abnormalities of ocular alignment and motility, which may occur as isolated deficits or as part of a recognizable syndrome. Concussion or diffuse axonal injuries may also affect ophthalmologic function. Here, we review the extant literature describing the assessment and acute treatment of traumatic neuro-ophthalmic deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Van Stavern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000473:pathology*
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