title: Randomly detected genetically modified (GM) maize (Zea mays L.) near a transport route revealed a fragile 45S rDNA phenotype.
abstract: Monitoring of genetically modified (GM) crops has been emphasized to prevent their potential effects on the environment and human health. Monitoring of the inadvertent dispersal of transgenic maize in several fields and transport routes in Korea was carried out by qualitative multiplex PCR, and molecular analyses were conducted to identify the events of the collected GM maize. Cytogenetic investigations through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the GM maize were performed to check for possible changes in the 45S rDNA cluster because this cluster was reported to be sensitive to replication and transcription stress. Three GM maize kernels were collected from a transport route near Incheon port, Korea, and each was found to contain NK603, stacked MON863 x NK603, and stacked NK603 x MON810 inserts, respectively. Cytogenetic analysis of the GM maize containing the stacked NK603 x MON810 insert revealed two normal compact 5S rDNA signals, but the 45S rDNA showed a fragile phenotype, demonstrating a "beads-on-a-string" fragmentation pattern, which seems to be a consequence of genetic modification. Implications of the 45S rDNA cluster fragility in GM maize are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biotechnology Institute, Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nomar Espinosa
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Waminal
authors.forename: Ki Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Sun-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyun Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D023061:Gene Order; D042822:Genomic Instability; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D056910:Republic of Korea; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
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