title: Recanalization of acute intracranial artery occlusion using temporary endovascular bypass technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to present our preliminary experience of the temporary endovascular bypass (TEB) technique using an Enterprise stent for recanalization of acute intracranial artery (IA) occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients treated by TEB were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 2009 to May 2010. All the procedures consist of temporary partial deployment and subsequent retrieval of Enterprise stent, supplemented by intra-arterial infusion of urokinase (UK) and/or tirofiban. According to the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) classification, recanalization was evaluated with initial and postprocedural angiography. Safety was evaluated related to the procedure and clinical outcomes were assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at discharge and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients (median NIHSS 12.8, mean age 61.6 years, male: female = 8:3) with acute IA occlusion were treated with TEB. All the patients presented with TICI 0, and the occluded vessel was the middle cerebral artery (n=7), the basilar artery (n=1), and the distal ICA occlusion (n = 3). IV infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was done in 4 patients and mechanical thrombolysis with intra-arterial UK was performed in 9. Recanalization was achieved in 73% (8 patients; TICI ≥ 2). There were no procedure-related complications except for two asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhages. Improvement (≥ 4 points on the NIHSS) and good outcome (mRS ≤2) after 90 days was shown in six patients (55%). One patient died 6 days after procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEB may be a valuable treatment option in acute thromboembolic IA occlusion without stent implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Kyung-Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwon Duk
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Soo Mee
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hong Gee
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Byung Moon
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Recanalization; Retrievable stent; Stroke; Temporary endovascular bypass
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