title: Chaperone machines for protein folding, unfolding and disaggregation.
abstract: Molecular chaperones are diverse families of multidomain proteins that have evolved to assist nascent proteins to reach their native fold, protect subunits from heat shock during the assembly of complexes, prevent protein aggregation or mediate targeted unfolding and disassembly. Their increased expression in response to stress is a key factor in the health of the cell and longevity of an organism. Unlike enzymes with their precise and finely tuned active sites, chaperones are heavy-duty molecular machines that operate on a wide range of substrates. The structural basis of their mechanism of action is being unravelled (in particular for the heat shock proteins HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 and HSP100) and typically involves massive displacements of 20-30 kDa domains over distances of 20-50 Å and rotations of up to 100°.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crystallography, Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College London, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saibil
mesh_terms: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D058767:Protein Unfolding; D011786:Quality Control
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones
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