title: Steeper increases in body mass index during childhood correlate with blood pressure elevation in adolescence: a long-term follow-up study in a Japanese community.
abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between long-term changes in body mass index (BMI) during childhood and adolescent blood-pressure levels in a general Japanese population. We used health report data from 900 Japanese children between 1983 and 2007. After adjusting for baseline BMI and other confounding factors multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between changes in BMI (ΔBMI) over a 6-year period (6-12 years) and blood pressure once children reached ages 14 or 15. Sub-group analyses were also performed to ascertain the relationship between ΔBMI and blood pressure at 9th grade for children who had been in the bottom BMI tertile at 1st grade. Endpoint blood-pressure levels in boys (systolic and diastolic) and girls (systolic) from the group whose BMIs increased the most were significantly higher than those from the group whose BMIs increased the least (P<0.05, analysis of variance). After adjustment for baseline BMI and school-entrance year, the former group showed higher blood pressure at the endpoint than the latter (P<0.05, multiple regression analysis). Further adjustment for baseline blood pressure also showed similar results in a combined-sex analysis (n=592). Higher ΔBMI was associated with higher SBP9 even in children whose BMI was in the lowest tertile at baseline after adjustment for sex and school-entrance year (P=0.02, multiple regression analysis). Steeper BMI increases during primary school lead to adolescent increases in blood pressure even if baseline BMI is low. Growth during childhood should be carefully managed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Care, Saku Central Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Care, Saku Central Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saku Central Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushiku
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Care, Saku Central Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maejima
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Care, Saku Central Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology