title: Evolution of ventricular tachycardia and its electrophysiological substrate early after myocardial infarction: an ovine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sudden arrhythmic death after myocardial infarction (MI) is most frequent in the first month. Early programmed ventricular stimulation (within 1 week) post-MI has been able to identify long-term ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurrence. We aimed to determine the timing of development and stabilization of VT circuits after MI and how the evolution of the underlying substrate differs with VT inducibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIs were induced in 36 sheep. The 21 survivors underwent serial electroanatomic mapping and programmed ventricular stimulation. Animals were classified as VTpos (inducible VT) or VTneg (noninducible VT) at day 8. Forty-three percent of MI survivors were VTpos on day 8 (9/21), and all remained inducible on day 100 with 1.5 (1.0-2.0) and 1.0 (1.0-2.0) morphologies per animal on days 8 and 100, respectively. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram matched in 15 of 19 VTs between days 8 and 100. The earliest presystolic ventricular activations during VT circuits were in similar locations at the 2 time points. The 12 VTneg animals remained noninducible on day 100. There was no difference in voltage or velocity substrate with time or inducibility. The area with fractionated signals increased with time and VT inducibility. VTpos animals had more linear regions of slowed conduction forming conducting channels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inducibility and earliest presystolic endocardial activation sites of VT as well as voltage and velocity substrate on day 8 predicted those on day 100 postinfarct, indicating early formation and stabilization of the arrhythmogenic substrate. VT inducibility was influenced by the distribution of conducting channels and increased complex fractionated signals.
authors.affiliation: Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Calvin H C
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Ee-May
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Kaimin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Juntang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pouliopoulos
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Stuart P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Pramesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kovoor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: arrhythmias, cardiac; myocardial infarction; tachycardia, ventricular