title: Cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain: the servant of many masters.
abstract: Cytoplasmic dynein is the main retrograde motor in all eukaryotic cells. This complex comprises different subunits assembled on a cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1) dimer. Cytoplasmic dynein is particularly important for neurons because it carries essential signals and organelles from distal sites to the cell body. In the past decade, several mouse models have helped to dissect the numerous functions of DYNC1H1. Additionally, several DYNC1H1 mutations have recently been found in human patients that give rise to a broad spectrum of developmental and midlife-onset disorders. Here, we discuss the effects of mutations of mouse and human DYNC1H1 and how these studies are giving us new insight into the many critical roles DYNC1H1 plays in the nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Molecular NeuroPathobiology, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. Electronic address: giampietro.schiavo@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Giampietro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schiavo
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greensmith
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hafezparast
authors.forename: Elizabeth M C
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D055503:Protein Multimerization
chemical_list: D056445:Cytoplasmic Dyneins
keywords: Cramping 1; Legs at odd angles; Sprawling; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; axonal transport; motor neurons; neurodegeneration
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