title: Encoding style and its relationships with schizotypal traits and impulsivity during adolescence.
abstract: This study intends to explore how individual differences in encoding style (i.e. how encoding is implicitly affected by pre-existing schemata, so called an internal style, versus by cues from the outside world, so called an external style) are associated with schizotypal traits and impulsivity expression during adolescence. Moreover, we aim to provide first evidence reliability for the encoding style questionnaire with an adolescent sample. 101 French-speaking community adolescents (Mage=16.06, S.D.age=2.01; 57 girls; primarily Caucasian) participated in a cross-sectional study. The whole sample filled out a battery of self-report questionnaires. Our data supports a positive association between a predominant internal encoding style, the level of positive and disorganized schizotypal traits, and a higher degree of urgency and sensation seeking impulsivity components. On the one hand, these results have clinical implications in the sense that a low level in implicit processing, namely encoding style, is involved in positive and disorganized schizotypal traits as well as in impulsivity. Schizotypal traits and impulsivity are two sets of traits that put youth at risk for the development of severe psychopathological states in adulthood. On the other hand, this research enables an increased understanding of encoding style by providing the first reliable assessment tool for French-speaking adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland. Electronic address: deborah.badoud@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Badoud
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Billieux
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van der Linden
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eliez
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debbané
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D014175:Translating
keywords: Interpretive schema; Perseverance; Premeditation; Psychosis-proneness; Self-report; Sensation seeking; Urgency