title: The establishment of computed tomography diagnostic reference levels in Portugal.
abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of Portuguese computed tomography (CT) examinations, identify protocol application and establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). CT departments (n=211) were surveyed nationally (June 2011-January 2012) and CT protocol information and dose data were collected, as were retrospective age-categorised paediatric CT data from three national paediatric centres. The proposed national CT DRLs (CTDIvol) for adults were 75, 18, 14, 18, 17, 36, 22, 27 and 16 mGy for head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, cervical, dorsal, lumbar and joints, respectively. The levels for paediatric head and chest examinations were as follows: 48 and 2 mGy (newborns), 50 and 6 mGy (5 y olds), 70 and 6 mGy (10 y olds) and 72 and 7 mGy (15 y olds). A limited number of current paediatric protocols aligned to recommended international age categorisations. Portuguese DRLs were generally higher than European recommendations, suggesting potential for optimisation. The need for greater standardisation of age-categorised paediatric protocols was identified.
authors.affiliation: College of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Graciano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paulo
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: McEntee
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rainford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D012015:Reference Standards; D012306:Risk; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*