title: Dairy consumption, type 2 diabetes, and changes in cardiometabolic traits: a prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older Chinese in Beijing and Shanghai.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate associations of dairy consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes and changes of cardiometabolic traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 2005, 2,091 middle-aged and older Chinese men and women were recruited and followed for 6 years. Baseline dairy consumption was assessed by a 74-item food frequency questionnaire. Erythrocyte fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ion detector. Cardiometabolic traits were measured at both baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS Only 1,202 (57.5%) participants reported any dairy consumption, with a median intake of 0.89 (interquartile range 0.19-1.03) serving/day. Compared with nonconsumers, the relative risks (RRs) of type 2 diabetes among those having 0.5-1 serving/day and >1 serving/day were 0.70 (95% CI 0.55-0.88) and 0.65 (0.49-0.85), respectively, after multivariate adjustment (Ptrend < 0.001), which were attenuated by further adjusting for changes in glucose during follow-up (Ptrend = 0.07). Total dairy consumption was associated with favorable changes in glucose, waist circumference, BMI, diastolic blood pressure (all Ptrend < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (Ptrend = 0.05) after multivariate adjustment, including baseline values of dependent variables. Erythrocyte trans-18:1 isomers were significantly correlated with total dairy consumption (rs = 0.37, Ptrend < 0.001), and these dairy food biomarkers were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. The RR of type 2 diabetes comparing extreme quartiles of trans-18:1 isomers was 0.82 (0.65-1.04, Ptrend = 0.02), which was attenuated after adjustment for dairy consumption (Ptrend = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Dairy consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes and favorable changes of cardiometabolic traits in Chinese.
authors.affiliation: Corresponding author: Xu Lin, xlin@sibs.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Danxia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xingwang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Huaixing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qianlu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose