title: Aminoacylation of tRNA 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl by phosphoseryl- and pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases.
abstract: Class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) attach amino acids to the 2'- and 3'-OH of the tRNA terminal adenosine, respectively. One exception is phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS), which belongs to Class II but attaches phenylalanine to the 2'-OH. Here we show that two Class II AARSs, O-phosphoseryl- (SepRS) and pyrrolysyl-tRNA (PylRS) synthetases, aminoacylate the 2'- and 3'-OH, respectively. Structure-based-phylogenetic analysis reveals that SepRS is more closely related to PheRS than PylRS, suggesting that the idiosyncratic feature of 2'-OH acylation evolved after the split between PheRS and PylRS. Our work completes the understanding of tRNA aminoacylation positions for the 22 natural AARSs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Englert
authors.forename: Sarath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hohn
authors.forename: Jiqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Söll
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049148:Aminoacylation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010652:Phenylalanine-tRNA Ligase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; D010652:Phenylalanine-tRNA Ligase
keywords: Amino acid; Protein synthesis; tRNA esterification
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