title: A review of optical imaging and therapy using nanosized graphene and graphene oxide.
abstract: Nanosized graphene and graphene oxide (GO) are photoluminescent due to the presence of bandgaps and edges/defects. The excellent photostability of these nanomaterials makes them superior to molecular dyes for biological imaging. They can also produce intensive heat under laser irradiation, enabling them to serve as photothermal agents for cancer treatment. In this work, recent studies on the photoluminescence of these materials, their applications for biological imaging and photothermal cancer therapy are reviewed. Properties of laser, particularly the temporal property (continuous wave or pulsed), affect its interaction with materials. Therefore, the photoluminescence and photothermal effects, as well as their applications under both single (one)-photon (continuous wave laser) and two-photon (pulsed laser) excitation were summarized and analyzed. Synergistic therapy which combines chemotherapy and photothermal therapy using these materials is also reviewed. Finally, critical issues and challenges for further research and in medical applications of these materials are analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
authors.forename: Jing-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xun-Gai
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Chemotherapy; Fluorescence; Laser ablation; Nanoparticle