title: Identification and functional analysis of the peptidoglycan recognition protein LD gene in the mosquito, Armigeres subalbatus.
abstract: Peptidoglycan recognition proteins are important recognition proteins in many organisms ranging from echinoderms to humans. In an attempt to characterize all the PGRPs in the mosquito Armigeres subalbatus, two PGRP-LD isoforms, AsPGRP-LDa and AsPGRP-LDb, which are orthologs of the PGRP-LDs in several other insect species, were identified from this mosquito using homologous cloning. To date the functions of this PGRP gene have not yet been described in detail in other organisms with a known PGRP-LD gene. In the current study, we analyzed the sequences of these AsPGRP-LDs, their evolutionary relationships with their orthologs, their transcriptional expression in various developmental stages and different tissue samples, and their transcriptional responses to different bacterial stimuli. We then knocked down the expression of both AsPGRP-LDs by injection of double-stranded RNAs, and assessed the impact of AsPGRP-LD RNAi on mosquito survival after bacterial challenges and on the transcriptional expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States. Electronic address: Wangso@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Songjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Brenda T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Beerntsen
mesh_terms: D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D009033:Culicidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C118897:peptidoglycan recognition protein
keywords: Armigeres subalbatus; AsPGRP-LD; Immune response; Mosquito; Peptidoglycan recognition protein