title: Effects of Ti, PMMA, UHMWPE, and Co-Cr wear particles on differentiation and functions of bone marrow stromal cells.
abstract: This study investigates the roles of orthopedic biomaterial particles [Ti-alloy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), Co-Cr alloy] on the differentiation and functions of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Cells were isolated from femurs of BALB/c mice and cultured in complete osteoblast-induction medium in presence of micron-sized biomaterial particles at various doses. 3-(4,5)-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay were performed for cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Differentiation and function of osteoblasts were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, RANKL, OSX, and Runx2 expressions. Murine interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in culture media were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Challenge with low doses of Ti, UHMWPE, or Co-Cr particles markedly promoted the bone marrow cell proliferation while high dose of Co-Cr significantly inhibited cell growth (p < 0.05). Cells challenged with low dose of PMMA or UHMWPE particles (0.63 mg/mL) exhibited strong ALP activity, whereas Ti and Co-Cr groups showed minimal effects (p < 0.05). UHMWPE and Ti particles also promoted higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Real-time polymerase chain reaction data suggested that cells treated with low dose (0.5 mg/mL) particles resulted in distinctly diminished RANKL expression compared to those exposed to high concentrated (3 mg/mL) particles. In conclusion, various types of wear debris particles behaved differently in the differentiation, maturation, and functions of osteogenic cells; and the particulate debris-interacted BMSCs may play an important role in the pathogenesis and process of the debris-associated aseptic prosthetic loosening.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Institute, Via Christi Wichita Hospitals, Wichita, Kansas; Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas.
authors.forename: Yunpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Tanghong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wooley
authors.forename: Shang-You
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D011095:Polyethylenes; D053245:RANK Ligand; C111601:ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene; D015675:Osteocalcin; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: aseptic loosening; bone marrow stromal cells; gene expression; osteoblast; wear debris
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