title: Team-based learning for psychiatry residents: a mixed methods study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Team-based learning (TBL) is an effective teaching method for medical students. It improves knowledge acquisition and has benefits regarding learner engagement and teamwork skills. In medical education it is predominately used with undergraduates but has potential benefits for training clinicians. The aims of this study were to examine the impact of TBL in a sample of psychiatrists in terms of classroom engagement, attitudes towards teamwork, learner views and experiences of TBL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four psychiatry residents participated in an Addictions Psychiatry TBL module. Mixed-methods were used for evaluation. Self-rated measures of classroom engagement (Classroom Engagement Survey, CES) were compared with conventional lectures, and attitudes regarding the value of teams (Value of Teams Scale, VTS) were compared before and after the module. Independent t-tests were used to compare 'lecture' CES scores with TBL CES scores and pre and post scores for the VTS. Feedback questionnaires were completed. Interviews were conducted with a subset of residents and transcripts analysed using thematic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight residents completed post-course measures (response rate 63.6%). Seven participants volunteered for qualitative interviews-one from each team. There was a significant difference in the mean CES score lectures compared to TBL (p < 0.001) but no difference was found in mean VTS score pre and post for either subscale (p = 0.519; p = 0.809). All items on the feedback questionnaire were positively rated except two regarding session preparation. The qualitative analysis generated seven themes under four domains: 'Learning in teams', 'Impact on the individual learner', 'Relationship with the teacher' and 'Efficiency and effectiveness of the learning process'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group of residents, TBL significantly improved learner-rated classroom engagement and seemed to promote interactivity between learners. TBL was generally well-received, although required learners to prepare for class which was difficult for some. TBL did not change these clinicians' views about teamwork.
authors.affiliation: Liaison Psychiatry, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Guys Hospital, Weston Street, London SE1 9RT, UK. isabel.mcmullen@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McMullen
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cartledge
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iversen
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D006113:United Kingdom
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