title: Procarbazine and antidepressants: a retrospective review of the risk of serotonin toxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Procarbazine is an anticancer agent that also inhibits monoamine oxidase, an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of various catecholamines, including serotonin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of lymphoma patients who were treated with both procarbazine and an antidepressant, as well as procarbazine alone, was performed to determine if signs and symptoms of serotonin toxicity were present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 65 patients received procarbazine between 2004 and 2010 and were eligible to be included in the study. Twenty-six of these patients received an antidepressant in combination with procarbazine, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being the most common type of antidepressant. No patients in the study were diagnosed with serotonin toxicity, nor did any meet Hunter's diagnostic criteria for serotonin toxicity. Diarrhea, tremor, and shivering were the symptoms from Sternbach's criteria that were further analyzed, with diarrhea occurring 8.54% of the time, tremor occurring 5.53% of the time, and shivering occurring 2.51% of the time in patients who received an antidepressant with their procarbazine. Despite these symptoms, the diagnosis of serotonin toxicity according to Sternbach's criteria was determined to be unlikely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small sample of patients treated with procarbazine plus an antidepressant (most typically SSRIs), there were no reports of serotonin toxicity, nor did any patients demonstrate symptoms consistent with serotonin toxicity. The authors urge clinicians to ensure depression is adequately managed in cancer patients who are undergoing procarbazine therapy, starting with typical first-line antidepressant agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Shawna L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Jolene R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bostwick
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012701:Serotonin / Q000633:toxicity*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011344:Procarbazine; D012701:Serotonin; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: antidepressant; cancer; depression; oncology; procarbazine; serotonin toxicity