title: Predictors of urinary bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite concentrations in Mexican children.
abstract: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates is prevalent among children and adolescents, but little is known regarding important sources of exposure at these sensitive life stages. In this study, we measured urinary concentrations of BPA and nine phthalate metabolites in 108 Mexican children aged 8-13 years. Associations of age, time of day, and questionnaire items on external environment, water use, and food container use with specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations were assessed, as were questionnaire items concerning the use of 17 personal care products in the past 48-h. As a secondary aim, third trimester urinary concentrations were measured in 99 mothers of these children, and the relationship between specific gravity-corrected urinary concentrations at these two time points was explored. After adjusting for potential confounding by other personal care product use in the past 48-h, there were statistically significant (p<0.05) positive associations in boys for cologne/perfume use and monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and in girls for colored cosmetics use and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), MEHHP, MEOHP, and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), conditioner use and MEP, deodorant use and MEP, and other hair products use and MBP. There was a statistically significant positive trend for the number of personal care products used in the past 48-h and log-MEP in girls. However, there were no statistically significant associations between the analytes and the other questionnaire items and there were no strong correlations between the analytes measured during the third trimester and at 8-13 years of age. We demonstrated that personal care product use is associated with exposure to multiple phthalates in children. Due to rapid development, children may be susceptible to impacts from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals; thus, reduced or delayed use of certain personal care products among children may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Meeker
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gerry G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoral
authors.forename: Martha Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Téllez-Rojo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000652:urine*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D003358:Cosmetics; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: BBZP; BPA; Biomarker; Bisphenol A; CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Children; DBP; DEHP; DEP; DIBP; DOP; ELEMENT; Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants; FDA; FSRA; Food and Drug Administration; GM; ID–LC–MS/MS; LOQ; MBP; MBZP; MCPP; MECPP; MEHHP; MEHP; MEOHP; MEP; MIBP; NHANES; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Personal care products; Phthalates; SG; Urine; bisphenol A; butylbenzyl phthalate; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; di-isobutyl-phthalate; di-n-butyl phthalate; di-n-octyl phthalate; diethyl phthalate; forward stepwise regression analysis; geometric mean; isotope dilution–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; limit of quantitation; mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate; mono-isobutyl phthalate; mono-n-butyl phthalate; monobenzyl phthalate; monoethyl phthalate; specific gravity
references.citation: J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2009 Apr;12(4):225-49
references.pmid: 20183522
references.citation: Environ Res. 2009 Jul;109(5):629-33
references.pmid: 19426969
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Oct;166(10):952-8
references.pmid: 23367522
references.citation: Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Aug-Sep;24(2):131-8
references.pmid: 17768031
references.citation: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Jul;22(4):376-85
references.pmid: 22354176
references.citation: Ann Occup Hyg. 2009 Jan;53(1):1-17
references.pmid: 18948546
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Oct;117(10):1587-92
references.pmid: 20019910
references.citation: Environ Res. 2012 Jan;112:186-93
references.pmid: 22222007
references.citation: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Mar;19(3):336-42
references.pmid: 18841168
references.citation: Environ Health. 2008 Jun 03;7:27
references.pmid: 18522739
references.citation: Environ Int. 2013 Jun;56:10-8
references.pmid: 23542682
references.citation: Environ Health. 2011 May 16;10:40
references.pmid: 21575223
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Feb;116(2):173-8
references.pmid: 18288314
references.citation: Neurotoxicology. 2009 Jul;30(4):522-8
references.pmid: 19375452
references.citation: J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Dec;67(23-24):1901-14
references.pmid: 15513891
references.citation: J Pediatr. 2009 Oct;155(4):500-4
references.pmid: 19555962
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121(2):e260-8
references.pmid: 18245401
references.citation: Environ Int. 2013 Feb;52:81-6
references.pmid: 21794921
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Oct;118(10):1458-64
references.pmid: 20621847
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Apr;116(4):467-73
references.pmid: 18414628
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jan;116(1):39-44
references.pmid: 18197297
references.citation: J Occup Environ Med. 2008 Jun;50(6):705-11
references.pmid: 18545098
references.citation: J Dent Hyg. 2010 Summer;84(3):145-50
references.pmid: 20579427
references.citation: Curr Opin Pediatr. 2011 Apr;23(2):233-9
references.pmid: 21293273
references.citation: Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Aug-Sep;24(2):139-77
references.pmid: 17825522
references.citation: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2013 Mar;23(2):197-206
references.pmid: 23168567
references.citation: Environ Health. 2011 Nov 03;10:94
references.pmid: 22050967
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Apr;118(4):565-71
references.pmid: 20106747
references.citation: Environ Res. 2011 Apr;111(3):329-36
references.pmid: 21315328
references.citation: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2010 Nov;20(7):625-33
references.pmid: 20354564
references.citation: Environ Int. 2009 Feb;35(2):353-7
references.pmid: 18824263
references.citation: Neurotoxicology. 2008 Mar;29(2):278-85
references.pmid: 18261800
references.citation: Environ Health. 2012 Apr 02;11:20
references.pmid: 22472083
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Jul;118(7):1039-46
references.pmid: 20308033
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Dec;117(12):1945-52
references.pmid: 20049216
references.citation: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Sep;22(5):468-75
references.pmid: 22760436
references.citation: Environ Health. 2010 Oct 18;9:62
references.pmid: 20955576
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Nov;114(11):1730-5
references.pmid: 17107860
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Apr 2;47(7):3439-47
references.pmid: 23469879
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Nov;113(11):1530-5
references.pmid: 16263507
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Jan;119(1):131-7
references.pmid: 21205581
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Nov 15;66(10):958-63
references.pmid: 19748073
references.citation: Environ Res. 2008 Oct;108(2):177-84
references.pmid: 18949837
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Nov;111(14):1719-22
references.pmid: 14594621
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Nov;111(14):1783-5
references.pmid: 14594632
references.citation: Pediatrics. 1997 Nov;100(5):856-62
references.pmid: 9346987
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2004 May;113(5):e429-34
references.pmid: 15121985
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Apr;117(4):639-44
references.pmid: 19440505
references.citation: Environ Res. 2008 Feb;106(2):257-69
references.pmid: 17976571
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2009 Dec;124(6):e1213-20
references.pmid: 19948620
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Jul;118(7):1027-32
references.pmid: 20194078
references.citation: Int J Androl. 2012 Jun;35(3):216-26
references.pmid: 22428786
references.citation: Occup Environ Med. 2005 Nov;62(11):806-18
references.pmid: 16234408
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Jan;115(1):116-21
references.pmid: 17366830
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Sep;117(9):1368-72
references.pmid: 19750099
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Jan;121(1):138-44
references.pmid: 23052180
references.citation: Environ Int. 2011 Jul;37(5):867-71
references.pmid: 21429583
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Feb;114(2):270-6
references.pmid: 16451866
references.citation: JAMA. 2012 Sep 19;308(11):1113-21
references.pmid: 22990270
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep;113(9):1222-5
references.pmid: 16140631
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007 Dec 1;860(1):106-12
references.pmid: 17997365