title: Severe degeneration of the medial collateral ligament in hallux valgus: a histopathologic study in 12 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the degree and location of degenerative changes of the medial collateral ligament of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, using the lateral collateral ligament as a control, in patients undergoing hallux valgus correction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A strip of medial and lateral collateral ligaments were biopsied from 12 consecutive patients (age 45 ± 4.8 years) with symptomatic hallux valgus. A blinded analysis of histopathology was performed by an experienced pathologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medial collateral ligament was significantly more degenerated compared to the lateral collateral ligament (x(2) = 23.41, DF = 2, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in degeneration between different parts of each ligament.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found generalized severe degeneration in the medial collateral ligament without proximal-distal predilection. This information may have implications in the management of medial soft tissue repair in hallux valgus correction. The Authors received no financial support for this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Ittipol
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prasitdumrong
authors.forename: Chamnanni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rungprai
authors.forename: Nitit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reeboonlarb
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poonpracha
authors.forename: Phinit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phisitkul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Hallux Valgus; collateral ligament; degeneration
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