title: Impaired-driving prevalence among US high school students: associations with substance use and risky driving behaviors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the prevalence of impaired driving among US high school students and associations with substance use and risky driving behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed driving while alcohol or drug impaired (DWI) and riding with alcohol- or drug-impaired drivers (RWI) in a nationally representative sample of 11th-grade US high school students (n = 2431). We examined associations with drinking and binge drinking, illicit drug use, risky driving, and demographic factors using multivariate sequential logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen percent of 11th-grade students reported DWI at least 1 of the past 30 days, and 24% reported RWI at least once in the past year. Risky driving was positively associated with DWI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; P < .001) and RWI (OR = 1.09; P < .05), controlling for binge drinking (DWI: OR = 3.17; P < .01; RWI: OR = 6.12; P < .001) and illicit drug use (DWI: OR = 5.91; P < .001; RWI: OR = 2.29; P = .05). DWI was higher for adolescents who drove after midnight (OR = 15.7), drove while sleepy or drowsy (OR = 8.6), read text messages (OR = 11.8), sent text messages (OR = 5.0), and made cell phone calls (OR = 3.2) while driving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest the need for comprehensive approaches to the prevention of DWI, RWI, and other risky driving behavior.
authors.affiliation: Kaigang Li and Bruce G. Simons-Morton are with the Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. Ralph Hingson is with the Epidemiology and Prevention Research Division, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda.
authors.forename: Kaigang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Simons-Morton
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hingson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 Nov;68(6):834-42
references.pmid: 17960301
references.citation: Subst Use Misuse. 2003 Jun;38(7):835-63
references.pmid: 12801145
references.citation: MMWR Surveill Summ. 2012 Jun 8;61(4):1-162
references.pmid: 22673000
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2007 Sep;41(3):283-93
references.pmid: 17707299
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995 Apr;118(3):233-49
references.pmid: 7617815
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Jul;33(7):1208-19
references.pmid: 19389192
references.citation: Am Psychol. 2000 May;55(5):469-80
references.pmid: 10842426
references.citation: Behav Res Methods. 2008 Aug;40(3):879-91
references.pmid: 18697684
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2011 Apr;36(4):381-8
references.pmid: 21216535
references.citation: Forensic Sci Int. 2003 Jul 8;134(2-3):154-62
references.pmid: 12850411
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2008 May;121(5):e1391-403
references.pmid: 18450882
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2011 Dec;101(12):2362-7
references.pmid: 22021319
references.citation: Prev Sci. 2004 Sep;5(3):207-12
references.pmid: 15470940
references.citation: Int J Public Health. 2009 Sep;54 Suppl 2:199-208
references.pmid: 19618110
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2006 Sep;38(5):907-12
references.pmid: 16620739
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1996 Nov;57(6):659-69
references.pmid: 8913998
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2013 Jul;53(1):21-6
references.pmid: 23375825
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2011 Jul;43(4):1371-7
references.pmid: 21545868
references.citation: J Safety Res. 2006;37(1):9-15
references.pmid: 16469334
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Jan;63(1):24-33
references.pmid: 11925055
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2013 Feb;131(2):249-57
references.pmid: 23359580
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1999 May;89(5):678-84
references.pmid: 10224978
references.citation: Traffic Inj Prev. 2004 Sep;5(3):175-84
references.pmid: 15276918
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2011 Jan;43(1):58-65
references.pmid: 21094297
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 2007 Nov;43(6):1531-1543
references.pmid: 18020830
references.citation: J Forensic Sci. 2007 Sep;52(5):1214-8
references.pmid: 17680796
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2005 Jul;37(1):37-43
references.pmid: 15963905
references.citation: Traffic Inj Prev. 2004 Sep;5(3):208-19
references.pmid: 15276921
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2010 May;125(5):1078-87
references.pmid: 20385640
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Jan;40(1):376-86
references.pmid: 18215571
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Aug;27(8):1299-304
references.pmid: 12966325
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2004 Mar;36(2):239-48
references.pmid: 14642878
references.citation: J Sch Health. 1996 Sep;66(7):254-60
references.pmid: 8884665
references.citation: MMWR Surveill Summ. 2010 Jun 4;59(5):1-142
references.pmid: 20520591
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):576-85
references.pmid: 18329409
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2010 Jun;100(6):1101-6
references.pmid: 20395588
references.citation: J Trauma. 2009 Sep;67(3):498-502
references.pmid: 19741390
references.citation: Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Jun 30;151(1):11-7
references.pmid: 15935937
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Mar;65(2):213-6
references.pmid: 15151352
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2011 Apr;36(4):354-61
references.pmid: 21215529
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Oct 7;60(39):1351-6
references.pmid: 21976118
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Jan;65(1):84-94
references.pmid: 15000507
references.citation: Inj Prev. 2002 Sep;8 Suppl 2:ii24-30; discussion ii30-1
references.pmid: 12221027
references.citation: Accid Anal Prev. 2005 Nov;37(6):973-82
references.pmid: 15921652