title: SDF7, a group of Scoparia dulcis Linn. derived flavonoid compounds, stimulates glucose uptake and regulates adipocytokines in 3T3-F442a adipocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipocytes are major tissues involved in glucose uptake second to skeletal muscle and act as the main adipocytokines mediator that regulates glucose uptake mechanism and cellular differentiation. The objective of this study were to examine the effect of the SDF7, which is a fraction consists of four flavonoid compounds (quercetin: p-coumaric acid: luteolin: apigenin=8: 26: 1: 3) from Scoparia dulcis Linn., on stimulating the downstream components of insulin signalling and the adipocytokines expression on different cellular fractions of 3T3-F442a adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphology and lipid accumulation of differentiated 3T3-F442a adipocytes by 100 nM insulin treated with different concentrations of SDF7 and rosiglitazone were examined followed by the evaluation of glucose uptake activity expressions of insulin signalling downstream components (IRS-1, PI3-kinase, PKB, PKC, TC10 and GLUT4) from four cellular fractions (plasma membrane, cytosol, high density microsome and low density microsome). Next, the expression level of adipocytokines (TNF-α, adiponectin and leptin) and immunoblotting of treated 3T3-F442 adipocytes was determined at 30 min and 480 min. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation of 3T3-F442a adipocytes membrane was also determined. Lastly, mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ of 3T3-F442a adipocytes were induced and compared with basal concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that SDF7 was able to induce adipocytes differentiation with great extends of morphological changes, lipid synthesis and lipid stimulation in vitro. SDF7 stimulation of glucose transport on 3T3-F442a adipocytes are found to be dose independent, time-dependent and plasma membrane GLUT4 expression-dependent. Moreover, SDF7 are observed to be able to suppress TNF-α and leptin expressions that were mediated by 3T3-F442a adipocytes, while stimulated adiponectin secretion on the cells. There was a significant expression (p<0.01) of protein kinase C and small G protein TC10 on 3T3-F442a adipocytes upon treatment with SDF7 as compared to the control. SDF7 was also found to be effective in stimulating adiponectin and PPAR-γ mRNA upregulation at 50 µg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDF7 exhibited good lipogenesis, adiponectinesis and glucose uptake stimulatory properties on 3T3-F442a adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Joo Ee
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Beh
authors.forename: Li Teng
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Jalifah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Latip
authors.forename: Mohd Paud
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Noorjahan Baru Mohamed
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Alitheen
authors.forename: Zainah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Muhajir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D036721:Scoparia; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D005419:Flavonoids; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005947:Glucose
keywords: 3T3-F442a; Adipocytes; Adipocytokines; Anti diabetic; Glucose uptake; Scoparia dulcis