title: Conferring the ability to utilize inorganic polyphosphate on ATP-specific NAD kinase.
abstract: NAD kinase (NADK) is a crucial enzyme for production of NADP⁺. ATP-specific NADK prefers ATP to inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)] as a phosphoryl donor, whereas poly(P)/ATP-NADK utilizes both ATP and poly(P), and is employed in industrial mass production of NADP⁺. Poly(P)/ATP-NADKs are distributed throughout Gram-positive bacteria and Archaea, whereas ATP-specific NADKs are found in Gram-negative α- and γ-proteobacteria and eukaryotes. In this study, we succeeded in conferring the ability to utilize poly(P) on γ-proteobacterial ATP-specific NADKs through a single amino-acid substitution; the substituted amino-acid residue is therefore important in determining the phosphoryl-donor specificity of γ-proteobacterial NADKs. We also demonstrate that a poly(P)/ATP-NADK created through this method is suitable for the poly(P)-dependent mass production of NADP⁺. Moreover, based on our results, we provide insight into the evolution of bacterial NADKs, in particular, how NADKs evolved from poly(P)/ATP-NADKs into ATP-specific NADKs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food and Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Kousaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D009154:Mutation; D009249:NADP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011122:Polyphosphates; D009249:NADP; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C021844:NAD kinase
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