title: Genome-wide analysis of small RNAs reveals eight fiber elongation-related and 257 novel microRNAs in elongating cotton fiber cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and other types of small regulatory RNAs play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in plants. Cotton is one of the most economically important crops, but little is known about the roles of miRNAs during cotton fiber elongation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we combined high-throughput sequencing with computational analysis to identify small RNAs (sRNAs) related to cotton fiber elongation in Gossypium hirsutum L. (G. hirsutum). The sequence analysis confirmed the expression of 79 known miRNA families in elongating fiber cells and identified 257 novel miRNAs, primarily derived from corresponding specific loci in the Gossypium raimondii Ulbr. (G. raimondii) genome. Furthermore, a comparison of the miRNAomes revealed that 46 miRNA families were differentially expressed throughout the elongation period. Importantly, the predicted and experimentally validated targets of eight miRNAs were associated with fiber elongation, with obvious functional relationships with calcium and auxin signal transduction, fatty acid metabolism, anthocyanin synthesis and the xylem tissue differentiation. Moreover, one tasiRNA was also identified, and its target, ARF4, was experimentally validated in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study not only facilitated the discovery of 257 novel low-abundance miRNAs in elongating cotton fiber cells but also revealed a potential regulatory network of nine sRNAs important for fiber elongation. The identification and characterization of miRNAs in elongating cotton fiber cells might promote the further study of fiber miRNA regulation mechanisms and provide insight into the importance of miRNAs in cotton.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. liujy@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Zhengming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mingjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yidi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D015723:Gene Library; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D003368:Gossypium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D005810:Multigene Family; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D018749:RNA, Plant
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