title: Barriers and facilitators to learning and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in neighborhoods with low bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation prevalence and high rates of cardiac arrest in Columbus, OH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Residents who live in neighborhoods that are primarily black, Latino, or poor are more likely to have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, less likely to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and less likely to survive. No prior studies have been conducted to understand the contributing factors that may decrease the likelihood of residents learning and performing CPR in these neighborhoods. The goal of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to learning and performing CPR in 3 low-income, high-risk, and predominantly black neighborhoods in Columbus, OH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Community-Based Participatory Research approaches were used to develop and conduct 6 focus groups in conjunction with community partners in 3 target high-risk neighborhoods in Columbus, OH, in January to February 2011. Snowball and purposeful sampling, done by community liaisons, was used to recruit participants. Three reviewers analyzed the data in an iterative process to identify recurrent and unifying themes. Three major barriers to learning CPR were identified and included financial, informational, and motivational factors. Four major barriers were identified for performing CPR and included fear of legal consequences, emotional issues, knowledge, and situational concerns. Participants suggested that family/self-preservation, emotional, and economic factors may serve as potential facilitators in increasing the provision of bystander CPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The financial cost of CPR training, lack of information, and the fear of risking one's own life must be addressed when designing a community-based CPR educational program. Using data from the community can facilitate improved design and implementation of CPR programs.
authors.affiliation: American Heart Association, Dallas, TX;
authors.forename: Comilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasson
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Haukoos
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Colbert
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayre
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heisler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D002568:Certification; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007182:Income; D007858:Learning; D016365:Liability, Legal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011203:Poverty; D012042:Registries; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; death, sudden; heart arrest
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