title: Sudden onset hearing loss--causes, investigations and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sudden onset hearing loss (SOHL) has a number of causes, ranging from the simple and reversible to the profound and permanent. The sequelae of a sudden loss of hearing can be significant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article seeks to address the various aetiologies of SOHL, how they can be diagnosed at the earliest opportunity, and outlines the methods of investigation and management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SOHL causes great concern for the patient. It is when there is a 30 dB or greater hearing loss over less than 72 hours. History and examination, with discerning use of investigations, can identify whether the hearing loss is of conductive or sensorineural origin; and those individuals who have a potentially reversible hearing loss that can be addressed quickly and in an appropriate fashion. However, in the majority of cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), no cause is identified and it is considered idiopathic SSNHL. In these patients, high dose oral prednisolone may improve hearing outcome, particularly if started early.
authors.affiliation: MBChB (Hons), is senior house officer in otolaryngology, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foden
authors.forename: Nishchay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D003639:Hearing Loss, Sudden / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids