title: Three-dimensional printing physiology laboratory technology.
abstract: Since its inception in 19th-century Germany, the physiology laboratory has been a complex and expensive research enterprise involving experts in various fields of science and engineering. Physiology research has been critically dependent on cutting-edge technological support of mechanical, electrical, optical, and more recently computer engineers. Evolution of modern experimental equipment is constrained by lack of direct communication between the physiological community and industry producing this equipment. Fortunately, recent advances in open source technologies, including three-dimensional printing, open source hardware and software, present an exciting opportunity to bring the design and development of research instrumentation to the end user, i.e., life scientists. Here we provide an overview on how to develop customized, cost-effective experimental equipment for physiology laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sulkin
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widder
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Holzem
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gloschat
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gutbrod
authors.forename: Igor R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Efimov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007753:Laboratories; D010827:Physiology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011327:Printing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: 3-D printing; heart physiology; open source manufacturing; optical mapping
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