title: The process of spoken word recognition in the face of signal degradation.
abstract: Though much is known about how words are recognized, little research has focused on how a degraded signal affects the fine-grained temporal aspects of real-time word recognition. The perception of degraded speech was examined in two populations with the goal of describing the time course of word recognition and lexical competition. Thirty-three postlingually deafened cochlear implant (CI) users and 57 normal hearing (NH) adults (16 in a CI-simulation condition) participated in a visual world paradigm eye-tracking task in which their fixations to a set of phonologically related items were monitored as they heard one item being named. Each degraded-speech group was compared with a set of age-matched NH participants listening to unfiltered speech. CI users and the simulation group showed a delay in activation relative to the NH listeners, and there is weak evidence that the CI users showed differences in the degree of peak and late competitor activation. In general, though, the degraded-speech groups behaved statistically similarly with respect to activation levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farris-Trimble
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cigrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Delta Center, University of Iowa.
authors.forename: J Bruce
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tomblin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010700:Phonetics; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 1980 Oct;28(4):267-83
references.pmid: 7465310
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 Oct;102(4):2403-11
references.pmid: 9348698
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1977 May;61(5):1337-51
references.pmid: 881487
references.citation: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1995 Sep;166:275-7
references.pmid: 7668667
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1998 Dec;104(6):3586-96
references.pmid: 9857517
references.citation: Ear Hear. 1999 Aug;20(4):332-44
references.pmid: 10466569
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2004 Aug;116(2):1081-91
references.pmid: 15376674
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 1998 Apr;60(3):484-90
references.pmid: 9599997
references.citation: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997 Oct;40(5):1201-15
references.pmid: 9328890
references.citation: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003 Apr;46(2):390-404
references.pmid: 14700380
references.citation: J Mem Lang. 2007 Nov;57(4):483-501
references.pmid: 18071581
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2001 May;109(5 Pt 1):2135-45
references.pmid: 11386565
references.citation: ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1997 Jan-Feb;59(1):23-35
references.pmid: 9104746
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Oct;106(4 Pt 1):2097-103
references.pmid: 10530032
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Gen. 2005 May;134(2):222-41
references.pmid: 15869347
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2003 Jul;114(1):446-54
references.pmid: 12880055
references.citation: Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1632-4
references.pmid: 7777863
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2001 Aug;110(2):1150-63
references.pmid: 11519582
references.citation: J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2005 Jun;6(2):180-9
references.pmid: 15952053
references.citation: Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):947-9
references.pmid: 7233191
references.citation: Ear Hear. 1997 Apr;18(2):89-99
references.pmid: 9099558
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 May;30(3):687-96
references.pmid: 15099136
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Apr;20(4):592-612
references.pmid: 18052783
references.citation: Nature. 1973 Aug 24;244(5417):522-3
references.pmid: 4621131
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Jul;112(1):285-96
references.pmid: 12141354
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 Mar;30(2):498-513
references.pmid: 14979820
references.citation: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 May;136(5):757-62
references.pmid: 17478211
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1988 Jul;84(1):101-14
references.pmid: 3411038
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Jan;123(1):450-61
references.pmid: 18177173
references.citation: Cogn Psychol. 1986 Jan;18(1):1-86
references.pmid: 3753912
references.citation: Appl Psycholinguist. 2014 Mar;35(2):333-370
references.pmid: 24729642
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 2001 Jan;121(2):262-5
references.pmid: 11349792
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Mar 7;416(6876):87-90
references.pmid: 11882898
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1993 Jan;93(1):499-509
references.pmid: 8423265
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1980 Aug;68(2):537-44
references.pmid: 7419810
references.citation: Ear Hear. 1997 Apr;18(2):147-55
references.pmid: 9099564
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Dec;106(6):3629-36
references.pmid: 10615701
references.citation: Cognition. 1999 Dec 17;73(3):247-64
references.pmid: 10585516
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Oct;112(4):1664-74
references.pmid: 12398471
references.citation: Psychol Rev. 2008 Apr;115(2):357-95
references.pmid: 18426294
references.citation: Ear Hear. 1999 Jun;20(3):228-37
references.pmid: 10386849
references.citation: Ear Hear. 1998 Feb;19(1):1-36
references.pmid: 9504270
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 1984 Nov;36(5):417-27
references.pmid: 6533566
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Mar;127(3):1624-35
references.pmid: 20329861
references.citation: Audiol Neurootol. 2001 Nov-Dec;6(6):381-93
references.pmid: 11847465
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1998 Nov;104(5):2570-7
references.pmid: 9821336
references.citation: Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Dec;15(6):1064-71
references.pmid: 19001568
references.citation: Cognition. 1999 Jun 22;71(2):109-47
references.pmid: 10444906
references.citation: Cognition. 1989 Jun;32(1):25-64
references.pmid: 2752705
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2008 Apr;34(2):460-74
references.pmid: 18377182
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Jun;30(3):657-63
references.pmid: 11430800
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 May;91(5):2961-78
references.pmid: 1629489
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 19;102(29):10393-8
references.pmid: 15985550
references.citation: Cognition. 2002 Dec;86(2):B33-42
references.pmid: 12435537
references.citation: Cogn Psychol. 2001 Jun;42(4):317-67
references.pmid: 11368527
references.citation: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2013 Aug;56(4):1328-45
references.pmid: 23926331
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2003 Feb;113(2):961-8
references.pmid: 12597189
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Aug;35(4):1245-53
references.pmid: 19653762
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2004 Apr;115(4):1729-35
references.pmid: 15101651
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011 Feb;37(1):283-95
references.pmid: 21077718
references.citation: Ear Hear. 2003 Oct;24(5):457-60
references.pmid: 14534415
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996 Dec;22(6):1376-92
references.pmid: 8953227
references.citation: Cognition. 1980 Mar;8(1):1-71
references.pmid: 7363578
references.citation: J Mem Lang. 2009 Jan;60(1):65-91
references.pmid: 20046217
references.citation: Science. 1995 Oct 13;270(5234):303-4
references.pmid: 7569981
references.citation: Cognition. 1987 Mar;25(1-2):71-102
references.pmid: 3581730
references.citation: Psychon Bull Rev. 2011 Feb;18(1):141-9
references.pmid: 21327343
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 2000 Apr;62(3):615-25
references.pmid: 10909252
references.citation: Hear Res. 1999 Jun;132(1-2):34-42
references.pmid: 10392545
references.citation: Cognition. 2006 Jul;100(3):B32-42
references.pmid: 16288732
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1990 Jun;87(6):2592-605
references.pmid: 2373794
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1997 Jul;102(1):508-22
references.pmid: 9228814
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Jan;97(1):593-608
references.pmid: 7860836
references.citation: Cogn Psychol. 2010 Feb;60(1):1-39
references.pmid: 19836014