title: Muslim communities learning about second-hand smoke (MCLASS): study protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the UK, 40% of Bangladeshi and 29% of Pakistani men smoke cigarettes regularly compared to the national average of 24%. As a consequence, second-hand smoking is also widespread in their households which is a serious health hazard to non-smokers, especially children. Smoking restrictions in households can help reduce exposure to second-hand smoking. This is a pilot trial of 'Smoke Free Homes', an educational programme which has been adapted for use by Muslim faith leaders, in an attempt to find an innovative solution to encourage Pakistani- and Bangladeshi-origin communities to implement smoking restrictions in their homes. The primary objectives for this pilot trial are to establish the feasibility of conducting such an evaluation and provide information to inform the design of a future definitive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of 'Smoke Free Homes', with an embedded preliminary health economic evaluation and a qualitative analysis. The trial will be carried out in around 14 Islamic religious settings. Equal randomisation will be employed to allocate each cluster to a trial arm. The intervention group will be offered the Smoke Free Homes package (Smoke Free Homes: a resource for Muslim religious teachers), trained in its use, and will subsequently implement the package in their religious settings. The remaining clusters will not be offered the package until the completion of the study and will form the control group. At each cluster, we aim to recruit around 50 households with at least one adult resident who smokes tobacco and at least one child or a non-smoking adult. Households will complete a household survey and a non-smoking individual will provide a saliva sample which will be tested for cotinine. All participant outcomes will be measured before and after the intervention period in both arms of the trial. In addition, a purposive sample of participants and religious leaders/teachers will take part in interviews and focus groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot study will inform the protocol for a definitive trial.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN03035510.
authors.affiliation: York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, England. hannah.ainsworth@york.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Faraz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fairhurst
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Ghazala
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parrott
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torgerson
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siddiqi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D054626:Consumer Health Information; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004739:England; D005191:Family Characteristics / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D010174:Pamphlets; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
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