title: A novel multilayered multidisk oral tablet for chronotherapeutic drug delivery.
abstract: A Multilayered Multidisk Tablet (MLMDT) comprising two drug-loaded disks enveloped by three drug-free barrier layers was developed for use in chronotherapeutic disorders, employing two model drugs, theophylline and diltiazem HCl. The MLMDT was designed to achieve two pulses of drug release separated by a lag phase. The polymer disk comprised hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and ethylcellulose (EC) granulated using an aqueous dispersion of EC. The polymeric barrier layers constituted a combination of pectin/Avicel (PBL) (1st barrier layer) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) (HBL1 and HBL2) as the 2nd and 3rd barrier layers, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate was incorporated into the diltiazem-containing formulation for delayed drug release. Erosion and swelling studies confirmed the manner in which the drug was released with theophylline formulations exhibiting a maximum swelling of 97% and diltiazem containing formulations with a maximum swelling of 119%. FTIR spectra displayed no interactions between drugs and polymers. Molecular mechanics simulations were undertaken to predict the possible orientation of the polymer morphologies most likely affecting the MLMDT performance. The MLMDT provided two pulses of drug release, separated by a lag phase, and additionally it displayed desirable friability, hardness, and uniformity of mass indicating a stable formulation that may be a desirable candidate for chronotherapeutic drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Zaheeda
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Yahya E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Choonara
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: du Toit
authors.forename: Valence M K
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ndesendo
authors.forename: Viness
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055870:Drug Chronotherapy; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007700:Kinetics; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013607:Tablets / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers; D013607:Tablets; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose; C002283:hydroxyethylcellulose; D008747:Methylcellulose; D004110:Diltiazem; C021296:2-ethoxyethanol
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