title: Hydrogenosomes in the diplomonad Spironucleus salmonicida.
abstract: Acquisition of the mitochondrion is a key event in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, but diversification of the organelle has occurred during eukaryotic evolution. One example of such mitochondria-related organelles (MROs) are hydrogenosomes, which produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation with hydrogen as a byproduct. The diplomonad parasite Giardia intestinalis harbours mitosomes, another type of MRO. Here we identify MROs in the salmon parasite Spironucleus salmonicida with similar protein import and Fe-S cluster assembly machineries as in Giardia mitosomes. We find that hydrogen production is prevalent in the diplomonad genus Spironucleus, and that S. salmonicida MROs contain enzymes characteristic of hydrogenosomes. Evolutionary analyses of known hydrogenosomal components indicate their presence in the diplomonad ancestor, and subsequent loss in Giardia. Our results suggest that hydrogenosomes are metabolic adaptations predating the split between parabasalids and diplomonads, which is deeper than the split between animals and fungi in the eukaryotic tree.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden [2].
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jerlström-Hultqvist
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Einarsson
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hjort
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinhauf
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hultenby
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergquist
authors.forename: Jan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Staffan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Svärd
mesh_terms: D016828:Diplomonadida / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006864:Hydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D040901:Proteomics; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011773:Pyruvates; D006859:Hydrogen; D006864:Hydrogenase
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