title: Celecoxib as a pre-emptive analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery; a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pre-emptive analgesia not only controls pain but also may result in the reduction of opioid consumption and related side effects following orthopedic surgeries. The purpose of the present study was to examine the therapeutic effects of celecoxib in reducing pain following the arthroscopic knee surgeries: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and partial meniscectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, celecoxib 400 mg and identical placebo were administered, 2 h prior to operation, to 130 patient candidates for undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery of either isolated meniscectomy or ACL reconstruction. Pain intensity, 24 h opioid consumption and the related side effects were measured at 6 and 24 h post operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients in both groups were similar with regards to demographic characteristics such as age, gender and body mass index. The results of the study indicated that the pain intensity and opioid consumption were lower in both subgroups (meniscectomy and ACL-R) in celecoxib group at 6 and 24 h post operation (P < 0.0001). The side effects of analgesics such as nausea and vomiting, sedation, and dizziness were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that celecoxib as a pre-emptive analgesia agent is effective in decreasing acute postoperative pain and 24 h opioid consumption in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardani-Kivi
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi Mobarakeh
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haghighi
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naderi-Nabi
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sedighi-Nejad
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashemi-Motlagh
authors.forename: Khashayar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saheb-Ekhtiari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D001182:Arthroscopy; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000601:surgery*; D059408:Pain Management; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib