title: Biotechnological approaches for field applications of chitooligosaccharides (COS) to induce innate immunity in plants.
abstract: Plants have evolved mechanisms to recognize a wide range of pathogen-derived molecules and to express induced resistance against pathogen attack. Exploitation of induced resistance, by application of novel bioactive elicitors, is an attractive alternative for crop protection. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) elicitors, released during plant fungal interactions, induce plant defenses upon recognition. Detailed analyses of structure/function relationships of bioactive chitosans as well as recent progress towards understanding the mechanism of COS sensing in plants through the identification and characterization of their cognate receptors have generated fresh impetus for approaches that would induce innate immunity in plants. These progresses combined with the application of chitin/chitosan/COS in disease management are reviewed here. In considering the field application of COS, however, efficient and large-scale production of desired COS is a challenging task. The available methods, including chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis and chemical or biotechnological synthesis to produce COS, are also reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India and.
authors.forename: Subha Narayan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Jogi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madhuprakash
authors.forename: P V S R N
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.forename: Pallinti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Purushotham
authors.forename: Katta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suma
authors.forename: Kaur
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manjeet
authors.forename: Samudrala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rambabu
authors.forename: Nour Eddine El
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Gueddari
authors.forename: Bruno M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Moerschbacher
authors.forename: Appa Rao
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Podile
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; C493484:oligochitosan; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitooligosaccharides; PAMPs; crop protection; induced resistance; transglycosylation