title: Identification of a urine metabolomic signature in patients with advanced-stage chronic kidney disease.
abstract: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and frequently progresses to end-stage renal disease. There is an urgent demand to discover novel markers of disease that allow monitoring disease progression and, eventually, response to treatment. To identify such markers, and as a proof of principle, we determined if a metabolite signature corresponding to CKD can be found in urine. In the discovery stage, we analyzed the urine metabolome by NMR of 15 patients with CKD and compared that with the metabolome of 15 healthy individuals and found a classification pattern clearly indicative of CKD. A validation cohort of urine samples from an additional 16 patients with CKD and 15 controls was then analyzed by (Selected Reaction Monitoring) liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and indicated that a group of seven urinary metabolites differed between CKD and non-CKD urine samples. This profile consisted of 5-oxoproline, glutamate, guanidoacetate, α-phenylacetylglutamine, taurine, citrate, and trimethylamine N-oxide. Thus, we identified a panel of urine metabolites differentially present in urine that may help identify and monitor patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Posada-Ayala
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zubiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Aroa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanz-Maroto
authors.affiliation: CAI-RMN, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molero
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Calero
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM/IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de la Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Laborde
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Barderas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM/IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vivanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Llamas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers