title: Pretreatment of spent mushroom substrate for enhancing the conversion of fermentable sugar.
abstract: To develop a cost-effective biopesticide, spent mushroom substrate (SMS) extract was studied as a potential carbon source for cultivating Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Several pretreatments were compared to determine the optimal method for degrading cellulose to produce reducing sugars, including dilute sulfuric acid (0.5-2.0% v/v, 50-121°C, 1h), sodium hydroxide (0.5-2% w/v, 50-121°C, 1h), calcium hydroxide (0.2-4% w/v, 50-121°C, 1h), and hot water (50-121°C, 1h). Pretreatment was followed by standard enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Results showed that the highest cellulose degradation was obtained using 2% dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment at 121°C for 1h, resulting in a high yield of reducing sugar (284.24 g/kg SMS). Sporulation was also highest using the same pretreatment. Use of SMS is not only an alternative way to commercialize Bt-based biopesticide, but also a potential solution for the environmental pollution associated with accumulation of the spent substrate of the mushroom industry.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Songqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yanjiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Zhimao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Siqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gelbič
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shuangquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000383:Agriculture; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000187:drug effects; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D009005:Monosaccharides; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014866:Waste Products; D014867:Water; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C033158:sulfuric acid; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; High performance liquid chromatography; Pretreatment; Spent mushroom substrate; Yield of reducing sugars