title: Reduced anterior cingulate gray matter volume and thickness in subjects with deficit schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with deficit schizophrenia (D-SZ) differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects such as risk factors, neurobiological correlates, treatment response and clinical outcome. It has been debated if brain morphology could differentiate D-SZ from ND-SZ. Anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) region regulates cognitive and emotional processing and past studies reported structural changes in this region in patients with SZ.
  
  
  METHODS
  1.5-T 3D MRI scans were obtained from 18 D-SZ patients, 30 ND-SZ patients and 82 healthy controls (HCs). We used FreeSurfer-initalized labeled cortical distance mapping (FSLCDM) to measure ACG gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and area of the gray/white interface. Furthermore, cortical thickness was compared among the 3 groups using the pooled labeled cortical distance mapping (LCDM) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACG cortex of the D-SZ group was thinner than the ND-SZ group. Pooled LCDM demonstrated that the ACG cortex was bilaterally thinner in both the ND-SZ group and the D-SZ group compared with the control group. The right ACG gray matter volume was significantly reduced in D-SZ patients as compared with healthy controls (p=0.005 CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that qualitative, categorical differences in neuroanatomy may distinguish between deficit and non-deficit subtypes of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wentz
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schretlen
authors.forename: Elvan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ceyhan
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Barta
authors.forename: J Tilak
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ratnanather
authors.forename: Nicola G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Cascella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D057565:Apathy; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: Anterior cingulate cortex; Cortical thickness; Deficit schizophrenia; Schizophrenia
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