title: Structure, adsorption to host, and infection mechanism of virulent lactococcal phage p2.
abstract: Lactococcal siphophages from the 936 and P335 groups infect the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis using receptor binding proteins (RBPs) attached to their baseplate, a large multiprotein complex at the distal part of the tail. We have previously reported the crystal and electron microscopy (EM) structures of the baseplates of phages p2 (936 group) and TP901-1 (P335 group) as well as the full EM structure of the TP901-1 virion. Here, we report the complete EM structure of siphophage p2, including its capsid, connector complex, tail, and baseplate. Furthermore, we show that the p2 tail is characterized by the presence of protruding decorations, which are related to adhesins and are likely contributed by the major tail protein C-terminal domains. This feature is reminiscent of the tail of Escherichia coli phage λ and Bacillus subtilis phage SPP1 and might point to a common mechanism for establishing initial interactions with their bacterial hosts. Comparative analyses showed that the architecture of the phage p2 baseplate differs largely from that of lactococcal phage TP901-1. We quantified the interaction of its RBP with the saccharidic receptor and determined that specificity is due to lower k(off) values of the RBP/saccharidic dissociation. Taken together, these results suggest that the infection of L. lactis strains by phage p2 is a multistep process that involves reversible attachment, followed by baseplate activation, specific attachment of the RBPs to the saccharidic receptor, and DNA ejection.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bebeacua
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farenc
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Chapot-Chartier
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sadovskaya
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Heel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veesler
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moineau
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cambillau
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D017901:Bacteriophage P2 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018441:Biofilms; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000502:physiology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D014771:Virion / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D009844:Oligosaccharides
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