title: Field evaluation of some bait additives against Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) (Rodentia: Hystricidae).
abstract: This research study evaluated the effect of different additives on the bait consumption by Indian crested porcupine, a serious forest and agricultural pest, under field conditions. Different additives (saccharin, common salt, bone meal, fish meal, peanut butter, egg yolk, egg shell powder, yeast powder, mineral oil and coconut oil) at 2 and 5% each were tested for their relative preference, using groundnut-maize (1:1) as basic bait. All the additives were tested under a no-choice test pattern. For control tests, no additive was mixed with the basic bait. Saccharin at 5% concentration significantly enhanced the consumption of bait over the basic bait, while 2% saccharin supplemented bait resulted in a non-significant bait consumption. All other additives did not enhance the consumption of the bait material; rather, these worked as repellents. However, the repellency was lowest with the common salt, followed by egg yolk, egg shell powder, bone meal, peanut butter, mineral oil, fish meal and yeast powder, while coconut remained the most repellent compound. The present study suggested that groundnut-maize (1:1) supplemented with 5% saccharin was the preferred bait combination, and can be used with different rodenticides for the management of Indian crested porcupine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Wildlife Management, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.forename: Iftikhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Afsar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mian
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Abdul Aziz
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology*; D009754:Nuts; D010154:Pakistan; D046328:Porcupines / Q000502:physiology*; D012375:Rodent Control / Q000379:methods*; D012378:Rodenticides; D012439:Saccharin; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D012378:Rodenticides; D012439:Saccharin
keywords: Hystrix indica; Indian crested porcupine; additives; baits; evaluation