title: Antimicrobial dressing efficacy against mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on porcine skin explants.
abstract: An ex vivo porcine skin explant biofilm model that preserves key properties of biofilm attached to skin at different levels of maturity (0-3 days) was used to assess the efficacy of commercially available antimicrobial dressings and topical treatments. Assays were also performed on the subpopulation of antibiotic tolerant biofilm generated by 24 hours of pre-treatment with gentamicin (120× minimal inhibitory concentration) prior to agent exposure. Five types of antimicrobial agents (iodine, silver, polyhexamethylene biguanide, honey and ethanol) and four types of moisture dressings (cotton gauze, sodium carboxymethylcellulose fibre, calcium alginate fibre and cadexomer beads) were assessed. Time-release silver gel and cadexomer iodine dressings were the most effective in reducing mature biofilm [between 5 and 7 logarithmic (log) of 7-log total], whereas all other dressing formulations reduced biofilm between 0·3 and 2 log in 24 or 72 hours with a single exposure. Similar results were found after 24-hour exposure to silver release dressings using an in vivo pig burn wound model, demonstrating correlation between the ex vivo and in vivo models. Results of this study indicate that commonly used microbicidal wound dressings vary widely in their ability to kill mature biofilm and the efficacy is influenced by time of exposure, number of applications, moisture level and agent formulation (sustained release).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wound Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.|Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Priscilla L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wound Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Qingping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Edith M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wound Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Azeke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wound Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Afifa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.affiliation: Institute of Wound Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001458:Bandages; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D023421:Models, Animal; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Biofilm; Cadexomer iodine; In vitro model; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Wound dressing
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Aug;46(8):2717-22
references.pmid: 18508940
references.citation: J Hosp Infect. 2010 Nov;76(3):191-9
references.pmid: 20619933
references.citation: J Ind Microbiol. 1995 Sep;15(3):162-8
references.pmid: 8519473
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2005 Sep;57(6):1545-56
references.pmid: 16135223
references.citation: Wound Repair Regen. 2008 Jan-Feb;16(1):37-44
references.pmid: 18086294
references.citation: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Oct;28(10):1199-208
references.pmid: 19513768
references.citation: Carbohydr Res. 2008 Mar 17;343(4):651-9
references.pmid: 18194804
references.citation: Wound Repair Regen. 2008 Jan-Feb;16(1):23-9
references.pmid: 18211576
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010 Sep 02;10:47
references.pmid: 20813024
references.citation: FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010 Aug;59(3):324-36
references.pmid: 20602635
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2005 Mar-Apr;4(2):232-7
references.pmid: 15822898
references.citation: Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1318-22
references.pmid: 10334980
references.citation: Wound Repair Regen. 2008 Jan-Feb;16(1):2-10
references.pmid: 18211573
references.citation: Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2004 Dec;3(4):201-8
references.pmid: 15866816
references.citation: Arch Dermatol. 1986 Oct;122(10):1133-8
references.pmid: 3767400
references.citation: Ostomy Wound Manage. 2008 Jun;Suppl:2-13; quiz 14-5
references.pmid: 18980069
references.citation: Wound Repair Regen. 2003 Mar;11 Suppl 1:S1-28
references.pmid: 12654015
references.citation: J Wound Care. 2006 Oct;15(9):417-8; author reply 418
references.pmid: 17044359
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2002 Nov;70(11):6339-45
references.pmid: 12379713
references.citation: Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006 Jan;52(1):34-41
references.pmid: 16464989
references.citation: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004 May;64(4):515-24
references.pmid: 14727089
references.citation: Arch Dermatol. 1984 Jan;120(1):58-62
references.pmid: 6691716
references.citation: Int Wound J. 2007 Jun;4(2):124-37
references.pmid: 17651228
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 May;23(5):766-73
references.pmid: 6870223
references.citation: Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006 Aug;52(8):26-58
references.pmid: 16896238
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2005 Jul;54(Pt 7):667-676
references.pmid: 15947432
references.citation: Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2000 Oct;2(5):391-398
references.pmid: 11095883
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Feb;2(2):114-22
references.pmid: 12563302
references.citation: Wound Repair Regen. 2013 Sep-Oct;21(5):704-14
references.pmid: 23927831
references.citation: J Hosp Infect. 1991 Feb;17(2):83-94
references.pmid: 1674265
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2009 Apr;58(Pt 4):442-450
references.pmid: 19273639
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Dec;47(12):4084-9
references.pmid: 19812273
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1994 Oct;176(19):6023-9
references.pmid: 7928963
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 May 7;73:57-70
references.pmid: 14000328