title: Sulphur-oxidizing and sulphate-reducing communities in Brazilian mangrove sediments.
abstract: Mangrove soils are anaerobic environments rich in sulphate and organic matter. Although the sulphur cycle is one of the major actors in this ecosystem, little is known regarding the sulphur bacteria communities in mangrove soils. We investigated the abundance, composition and diversity of sulphur-oxidizing (SOB) and sulphate-reducing (SRB) bacteria in sediments from three Brazilian mangrove communities: two contaminated, one with oil (OilMgv) and one with urban waste and sludge (AntMgv), and one pristine (PrsMgv). The community structures were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and clone libraries, using genes for the enzymes adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate reductase (aprA) and sulphite reductase (Dsr) (dsrB). The abundance for qPCR showed the ratio dsrB/aprA to be variable among mangroves and higher according to the gradient observed for oil contamination in the OilMgv. The PCR-DGGE patterns analysed by Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling revealed differences among the structures of the three mangrove communities. The clone libraries showed that Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were the most abundant groups associated with sulphur cycling in mangrove sediments. We conclude that the microbial SOB and SRB communities in mangrove soils are different in each mangrove forest and that such microbial communities could possibly be used as a proxy for contamination in mangrove forests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maryeimy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varon-Lopez
authors.forename: Armando Cavalcante Franco
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Cristiane Cipolla
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Fasanella
authors.forename: Ademir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durrer
authors.forename: Itamar Soares
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Eiko Eurya
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kuramae
authors.forename: Fernando Dini
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Andreote
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D017753:Ecosystem; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013431:Sulfates; D013455:Sulfur