title: Characterization of HOX gene expression in canine mammary tumour cell lines from spontaneous tumours.
abstract: Spatial/temporal controls of development are regulated by the homeotic (HOX) gene complex and require integration with oncogenes and tumour suppressors regulating cell cycle exit. Spontaneously derived neoplastic canine mammary carcinoma cell models were investigated to determine if HOX expression profiles were associated with neoplasia as HOX genes promote neoplastic potential in human cancers. Comparative assessment of human and canine breast cancer expression profiles revealed remarkable similarity for all four paralogous HOX gene clusters and several unlinked HOX genes. Five canine HOX genes were overexpressed with expression profiles consistent with oncogene-like character (HOXA1, HOXA13, HOXD4, HOXD9 and SIX1) and three HOX genes with underexpressed profiles (HOXA11, HOXC8 and HOXC9) were also identified as was an apparent nonsense mutation in HOXC6. This data, as well as a comparative analysis of similar data from human breast cancers suggested expression of selected HOX genes in canine mammary carcinoma could be contributing to the neoplastic phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.|AURIC-Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DeInnocentes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.|Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.|AURIC-Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lutful Kabir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.|AURIC-Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curtis Bird
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: HOX genes; canine mammary cancer; cell models; comparative oncology; oncogene; tumour suppressor