title: Kolaviron prevents ethylene glycol monoethyl ether-induced testicular apoptosis via down-regulation of stress proteins, Fas/Fas-L and caspases expressions in rats.
abstract: This study investigated the protective role of kolaviron, a natural antioxidant biflavonoid isolated from the seed of Garcinia kola, in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE)-induced testicular dysfunction in male rats. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to EGEE (200 mg/kg) separately or in combination with either kolaviron (100 or 200 mg/kg) or vitamin E (50 mg/kg) for 14 days. Immunoblot analysis revealed that EGEE exposure alone significantly increased stress-inducible proteins levels. The increased protein expression of active caspases, Fas and Fas-L, was accompanied by nuclear factor kappa B downregulation and elevation of cytosolic cytochrome c level in EGEE-treated rats. In addition, the observation from immunofluorescence staining was consistent with the increased TUNEL-positive nuclei in the testes of EGEE-treated rats. Kolaviron and vitamin E significantly inhibited induction of stress proteins and germ cell apoptosis in EGEE-treated rats. Overall, kolaviron by virtue of its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties prevented EGEE-induced reproductive toxicity in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University , Pondicherry , India and.
authors.forename: Isaac A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adedara
authors.forename: Premendu P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: Ebenezer O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Farombi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029763:Garcinia kola / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C491898:Fas protein, rat; C505662:Faslg protein, rat; D005419:Flavonoids; D019014:fas Receptor; D020169:Caspases; C021296:2-ethoxyethanol; C045492:kolaviron