title: Effect of tomato industrial processing on phenolic profile and antiplatelet activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (e.g., tomatoes) has been shown to be beneficial in terms of reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The industrial processing of tomatoes into tomato-based products includes several thermal treatments. Very little is known on the effect of tomato industrial processing on antiaggregatory activity and phenolic profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was assessed the effect of tomato and by-products extracts on platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6 and arachidonic acid. These in vitro antithrombotic properties were further supported in an in vivo model of thrombosis. A set of antiplatelet compounds has been selected for HPLC analysis in the different extracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some natural compounds such as chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids were identified by HPLC in tomatoes and its products may inhibit platelet activation. Red tomatoes, tomato products (sauce, ketchup and juice) and by-products extracts inhibited platelet aggregation induced adenosine 5'-diphosphate, collagen, thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 and arachidonic acid, but to a different extent. Also, pomace extract presents antithrombotic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Processed tomatoes may have a higher content of health-benefiting compounds than fresh ones. Pomace even presents the best antiplatelet activity. Finally, tomato products may be used as a functional ingredient adding antiplatelet activities to processed foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile. ipalomo@utalca.cl.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Forero-Doria
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maricán
authors.forename: Leonardo S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palomo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005511:Food Handling; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C004999:ferulic acid; C040048:caffeic acid
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