title: In vivo Technique for Cellular Calcium Waves Documentation: A Light Microscopy Method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We are introducing a novel in vivo technique to document cellular calcium deposits, which reflect a snapshot of the effect of calcium wave propagation. This technique however is not advocated enough to replace the accuracy and resolution of the confocal laser technique. Light microscopy equipment, calcium chelators and a histological calcium staining kit are essential.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to introduce the use of standard light microscopy to display in vivo ionic cellular calcium deposits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxalic Acid (OA) (100 millimol) was the calcium chelator used in the study. This substance was injected into the dog right atrial tissue in vivo in an area of 1 cm(2). Samples were fixed and stained by the calcium specific von Kossa protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histological slides demarcated the intracellular calcium as black dots. Heterogeneity of calcium deposits mimicked images of both, the calcium sparks and calcium waves theories. This light microscopy technique could expand the number of experimental studies in the function of cellular calcium physiology.
authors.affiliation: Independent, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Abraham A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Embi
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menes
keywords: Calcium chelation; Calcium waves; Cell membranes; Cellular gap junction; In vivo chelation; Intercellular calcium propagation; Light microscopy method; Von Kossa
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