title: Chromium nicotinate has no effect on insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and lipid profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of chromium nicotinate supplementation on insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and lipid profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind clinical trial, 56 overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomized into 3 groups: placebo (NC0), 50 μg (NC50), and 200 μg (NC200) of chromium as chromium nicotinate. Chromium status, sensitivity to insulin, glycemic control, and lipid profile were assessed at the beginning of the study and 45 days and 90 days after.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the beginning, most subjects showed low concentrations of serum chromium (71.88%), regular levels of urinary chromium (80.65%), and insulin resistance (73.80%). The serum chromium concentrations did not differ among the groups over time (p = 0.2549). The changes in serum chromium and urine concentrations did not relate to changes in fasting glucose (p > 0.05). At 90 days of intervention, there was no significant difference between groups in fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL); there was increase in homeostasis model assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β; p = 0.0349) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL; p = 0.0425) in the NC0 group and a reduction of triglycerides in the NC0 (p = 0.0177) and NC50 (p = 0.0336) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation at 50 and 200 μg of chromium as chromium nicotinate did not promote glycemic control, increase insulin sensitivity, or change the lipid profile of subjects with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: a Graduate Program in Health Sciences.
authors.forename: Marília Mendonça
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Ana Clara
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Martins Silva Carvalho
authors.forename: Maria Sebastiana
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002857:Chromium; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C102874:chromium nicotinic acid complex