title: Seroprevalence of antibodies against highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus among poultry workers in Bangladesh, 2009.
abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2009 to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) [HPAI H5N1] virus antibodies among poultry workers at farms and live bird markets with confirmed/suspected poultry outbreaks during 2009 in Bangladesh. We tested sera by microneutralization assay using A/Bangladesh/207095/2008 (H5N1; clade 2.2.2) virus with confirmation by horse red blood cell hemagglutination inhibition and H5-specific Western blot assays. We enrolled 212 workers from 87 farms and 210 workers from three live bird markets. One hundred and two farm workers (48%) culled poultry. One hundred and ninety-three farm workers (91%) and 178 market workers (85%) reported direct contact with poultry that died during a laboratory confirmed HPAI H5N1 poultry farm outbreak or market poultry die-offs from suspected HPAI H5N1. Despite exposure to sick poultry, no farm or market poultry workers were seropositive for HPAI H5N1 virus antibodies (95% confidence interval 0-1%).
authors.affiliation: Center for Communicable Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Sharifa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasreen
authors.forename: Salah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uddin Khan
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azziz-Baumgartner
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Vic
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Veguilla
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mahmudur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: A S M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alamgir
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sturm-Ramirez
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Luby
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Uyeki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D062306:Geography, Medical; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral
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