title: Myopia and glaucoma in the South Korean population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between myopia and glaucoma, visual field defects, optic disc structural damage, and IOP in a population with a high prevalence of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were included from 13,433 participants in the 2008 to 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional study. Spherical equivalent was used to define refractive status as emmetropia (-0.99 to 0.99 diopters [D]), mild myopia (-1.00 to -2.99 D), moderate myopia (-3.00 to -5.99 D), severe myopia (<-6 D), and hyperopia (≥+1.00D). Glaucoma was defined by International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those with emmetropia, the odds of a glaucoma diagnosis were higher with moderate myopia (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.1) and severe myopia (OR 4.6, CI 2.3-9.4). Visual field defects were increased for mild myopia (OR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.5) and severe myopia (OR 20.9, CI 6.3-68.6). Optic disc structural damage was increased for moderate myopia (OR 1.8, CI 1.2-2.5) and severe myopia (OR 2.3, CI 1.5-3.7). Mean IOP was higher for mild myopia (14.4 mm Hg, CI 14.2-14.5 mm Hg), moderate myopia (14.7 mm Hg, CI 14.4-15.0 mm Hg), and severe myopia (14.7 mm Hg, CI 14.3-15.2 mmHg) compared with those with emmetropia (14.0 mm Hg, CI 13.9-14.1 mm Hg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In South Koreans, more severe myopia was associated with greater odds of glaucoma as defined by ISGEO criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chon
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Shan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
keywords: epidemiology; glaucoma; intraocular pressure; myopia; refractive error