title: Integrated control of Penicillium digitatum by the predacious yeast Saccharomycopsis crataegensis and sodium bicarbonate on oranges.
abstract: Our investigation of integrated biological control (IBC) started with an assay testing activity of the predacious yeast Saccharomycopsis crataegensis UFMG-DC19.2 against Penicillium digitatum LCP 4354, a very aggressive fungus that causes postharvest decay in oranges. Under unfavourable environmental conditions, the yeast showed a high potential for control (39.9% disease severity reduction) of this fungus. This result was decisive for the next step, in which S. crataegensis was tested in association with sodium bicarbonate salt, a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) substance. The yeast was able to survive at different concentrations of the salt (1%, 2% and 5%), and continued to grow for a week at the wound site, remaining viable at high population for 14 days on the fruit surface. The yeast alone reduced the severity of decay by 41.7% and sodium bicarbonate alone reduced severity of decay by 19.8%, whereas the application of both led to a delay in the development of symptoms from 2 to 10 days. Ingredients of the formulations were not aggressive to fruits since no lesions were produced in control experiments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins , Palmas TO , Brasil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: J F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrêa
keywords: Penicillium; Saccharomycopsis; biological control; orange; postharvest disease
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