title: Evolutionary history of chordate PAX genes: dynamics of change in a complex gene family.
abstract: Paired box (PAX) genes are transcription factors that play important roles in embryonic development. Although the PAX gene family occurs in animals only, it is widely distributed. Among the vertebrates, its 9 genes appear to be the product of complete duplication of an original set of 4 genes, followed by an additional partial duplication. Although some studies of PAX genes have been conducted, no comprehensive survey of these genes across the entire taxonomic unit has yet been attempted. In this study, we conducted a detailed comparison of PAX sequences from 188 chordates, which revealed restricted variation. The absence of PAX4 and PAX8 among some species of reptiles and birds was notable; however, all 9 genes were present in all 74 mammalian genomes investigated. A search for signatures of selection indicated that all genes are subject to purifying selection, with a possible constraint relaxation in PAX4, PAX7, and PAX8. This result indicates asymmetric evolution of PAX family genes, which can be associated with the emergence of adaptive novelties in the chordate evolutionary trajectory.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Rodrigues
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Paixão-Côrtes
authors.forename: Francisco Mauro
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.forename: Maria Cátira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bortolini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D043344:Chordata / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D026801:Synteny
chemical_list: D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors
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