title: Selective accumulation of germ-line associated gene products in early development of the sea star and distinct differences from germ-line development in the sea urchin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Echinodermata is a diverse phylum, a sister group to chordates, and contains diverse organisms that may be useful to understand varied mechanisms of germ-line specification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested 23 genes in development of the sea star Patiria miniata that fall into five categories: (1) Conserved germ-line factors; (2) Genes involved in the inductive mechanism of germ-line specification; (3) Germ-line associated genes; (4) Molecules involved in left-right asymmetry; and (5) Genes involved in regulation and maintenance of the genome during early embryogenesis. Overall, our results support the contention that the posterior enterocoel is a source of the germ line in the sea star P. miniata.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The germ line in this organism appears to be specified late in embryogenesis, and in a pattern more consistent with inductive interactions amongst cells. This is distinct from the mechanism seen in sea urchins, a close relative of the sea star clad. We propose that P. miniata may serve as a valuable model to study inductive mechanisms of germ-cell specification and when compared with germ-line formation in the sea urchin S. purpuratus may reveal developmental transitions that occur in the evolution of inherited and inductive mechanisms of germ-line specification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fresques
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zazueta-Novoa
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wessel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013215:Starfish / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology
keywords: echinoderm; germ line; inductive germ-cell determination; posterior enterocoel
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