title: Identification of novel markers for mouse CD4(+) T follicular helper cells.
abstract: CD4(+) T follicular helper (TFH) cells are central for generation of long-term B-cell immunity. A defining phenotypic attribute of TFH cells is the expression of the chemokine R CXCR5, and TFH cells are typically identified by co-expression of CXCR5 together with other markers such as PD-1, ICOS, and Bcl-6. Herein, we report high-level expression of the nutrient transporter folate R 4 (FR4) on TFH cells in acute viral infection. Distinct from the expression profile of conventional TFH markers, FR4 was highly expressed by naive CD4(+) T cells, was downregulated after activation and subsequently re-expressed on TFH cells. Furthermore, FR4 expression was maintained, albeit at lower levels, on memory TFH cells. Comparative gene expression profiling of FR4(hi) versus FR4(lo) Ag-specific CD4(+) effector T cells revealed a molecular signature consistent with TFH and TH1 subsets, respectively. Interestingly, genes involved in the purine metabolic pathway, including the ecto-enzyme CD73, were enriched in TFH cells compared with TH1 cells, and phenotypic analysis confirmed expression of CD73 on TFH cells. As there is now considerable interest in developing vaccines that would induce optimal TFH cell responses, the identification of two novel cell surface markers should be useful in characterization and identification of TFH cells following vaccination and infection.
authors.affiliation: Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Smita S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Latner
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zilliox
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCausland
authors.forename: Rama S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Akondy
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penaloza-Macmaster
authors.forename: Jeffrey Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ata-Ur-Rasheed
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Rama R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Amara
authors.forename: Rafi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051560:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C490010:Bcl6 protein, mouse; C513179:CXCR5 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C556694:Icos protein, mouse; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D051560:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C543634:folate receptor 4, mouse; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase
keywords: B cells; CD4+ T cells; CD73; Folate R 4; Viral infection
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