title: HIV and HPV infections and ocular surface squamous neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The frequency of ocular surface squamous neoplasias (OSSNs) has been increasing in populations with a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). We aimed to quantify the association between HIV/AIDS and HPV infection and OSSN, through systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The articles providing data on the association between HIV/AIDS and/or HPV infection and OSSN were identified in MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE searched up to May 2013, and through backward citation tracking. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute summary relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity was quantified with the I(2) statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV/AIDS was strongly associated with an increased risk of OSSN (summary RR=8.06, 95% CI: 5.29-12.30, I(2)=56.0%, 12 studies). The summary RR estimate for the infection with mucosal HPV subtypes was 3.13 (95% CI: 1.72-5.71, I(2)=45.6%, 16 studies). Four studies addressed the association between both cutaneous and mucosal HPV subtypes and OSSN; the summary RR estimates were 3.52 (95% CI: 1.23-10.08, I(2)=21.8%) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.57-2.05, I(2)=0.0%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection increases the risk of OSSN by nearly eight-fold. Regarding HPV infection, only the cutaneous subtypes seem to be a risk factor.
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health of the University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carreira
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrilho
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lunet
mesh_terms: D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18; D006801:Humans; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
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