title: Impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal cancers: current state-of-the science.
abstract: Growing evidence from epidemiologic and preclinical studies suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is also evidence indicating the absence of this benefit. The exact mechanism of NSAIDs' action on GI tumors is not known. Although some studies have suggested inhibition of carcinogenesis by NSAIDs through suppression effect on inflammation-associated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, other studies have suggested COX-2-independent mechanisms. Herein, we summarize the current state of-the-science regarding NSAID benefit for patients with GI cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: md.ibrahim.halil.sahin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Halil
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Manal M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Garrett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human
keywords: COX-2; Gastrointestinal cancers; NSAIDs