title: Rapid tuning of auditory "what" and "where" pathways by training.
abstract: Behavioral improvement within the first hour of training is commonly explained as procedural learning (i.e., strategy changes resulting from task familiarization). However, it may additionally reflect a rapid adjustment of the perceptual and/or attentional system in a goal-directed task. In support of this latter hypothesis, we show feature-specific gains in performance for groups of participants briefly trained to use either a spectral or spatial difference between 2 vowels presented simultaneously during a vowel identification task. In both groups, the neuromagnetic activity measured during the vowel identification task following training revealed source activity in auditory cortices, prefrontal, inferior parietal, and motor areas. More importantly, the contrast between the 2 groups revealed a striking double dissociation in which listeners trained on spectral or spatial cues showed higher source activity in ventral ("what") and dorsal ("where") brain areas, respectively. These feature-specific effects indicate that brief training can implicitly bias top-down processing to a trained acoustic cue and induce a rapid recalibration of the ventral and dorsal auditory streams during speech segregation and identification.
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1 Department of Psychology, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Arnott
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and.
authors.forename: Xihong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Speech and Hearing Research Center, Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8V 2S4.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alain
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: MEG; attention; hearing; plasticity; speech
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