title: Five recent expert recommendations on the treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity: toward an emerging consensus--a stepped care approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various organizations published five sets of expert recommendations recently: 2007 Healthcare Organizations' Four Stage Model; 2006 Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines; 2008 The Endocrine Society Recommendations; 2009 Seven Step Model; and 2010 US Preventive Task Force Recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the recommendations' approaches and conclusions pertaining to four treatments (self-help groups, outpatient cognitive-behavior therapy [CBT], immersion CBT, and surgery).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the expert committees supported using intensive dietary, physical activity, and cognitive-behavioral counseling; two of the five groups discouraged reliance on educational interventions alone, and two of the groups explicitly promoted a stepped-care approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greatest benefits may accrue by encouraging healthcare providers and parents to view medical management and education as foundations to change, but to pursue increasingly intensive viable options until overweight and obese children make clinically significant progress toward improved health and happiness.
authors.affiliation: 1 Wellspring, A Member of CRC Health Group , Cupertino, CA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kirschenbaum
authors.forename: Kristen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gierut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D012657:Self-Help Groups