title: Risk factors for pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, few reports have focused on evaluating intra- and post-operative independent risk factors for pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with CPB. This study aimed to evaluate peri-operative independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications through investigating and analyzing 2056 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2005 to December 2012, the relevant pre-, intra-, and post-operative data of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB in the department of cardiovascular surgery of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University in Shanghai were investigated and retrospectively analyzed. The independent risk factors for pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with CPB were obtained through descriptive analysis and then logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and forty-three adult patients suffered from pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with CPB, with an incidence of 6.96%. Through descriptive analysis and then logistic regression, independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications were as follows: older age (>65 years) (OR=3.31, 95%CI 1.71-7.13), preoperative congestive heart failure (OR=2.95, 95%CI 1.41-5.84), preoperative arterial oxygenation (PaO2) (OR=0.67, 95%CI 0.33-0.85), duration of CPB (OR=3.15, 95%CI 1.55-6.21), intra-operative phrenic nerve injury (OR=4.59, 95%CI 2.52-9.24), and postoperative acute kidney injury (OR=3.21, 95%CI 1.91-6.67). Postoperative pulmonary complication was not a risk factor for hospital death (OR=2.10, 95%CI 0.89-4.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A variety of peri-operative factors increased the incidence of pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R.China. 389 Xincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yunqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Xisheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jianzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Pulmonary complication; Risk factor.
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