title: Investigation of central pain processing in postoperative shoulder pain and disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measures of central pain processing like conditioned pain modulation and suprathreshold heat pain response (SHPR) have been described to assess different components of central pain modulatory mechanisms. Central pain processing potentially plays a role in the development of postsurgical pain, however, the role of conditioned pain modulation and SHPR in explaining postoperative clinical pain and disability is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight patients with clinical shoulder pain were included in this study. Patients were examined before shoulder surgery, at 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome measures were pain intensity and upper extremity disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed that the change score (baseline- 3 mo) of fifth pain rating of SHPR accounted for a significant amount of variance in 6-month postsurgical clinical pain intensity and disability after age, sex, preoperative pain intensity, and relevant psychological factors were considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that baseline measures of central pain processing were not predictive of 6-month postoperative pain outcome. Instead, the 3-month change in SHPR might be a relevant factor in the transition to an elevated 6-month postoperative pain and disability outcomes. In patients with shoulder pain, the 3-month change in a measure of central pain processing might be a relevant factor in the transition to elevated 6-month postoperative pain and disability scores.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sycamore Center for Wellness & Applied Medicine, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN Departments of §Physical Therapy ∥Biostatistics ¶Orthopedics and Rehabilitation †College of Dentistry, University of Florida ‡North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fillingim
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Steven Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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