title: Lengthening the short nose in Asians: key maneuvers and surgical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using objective anthropometric measurement, this study reports the outcome of surgical correction of short-nose deformities in Asian patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience in lengthening the short nose in Asians and report the surgical results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective review, we study the cases of 36 patients who underwent surgical correction of short-nose deformity. The effect of nasal lengthening was analyzed using anthropometric measurement, including nasion to tip-defining point (N-TDP), nasal tip projection (NTP), nasofrontal angle (NFA), and columellar-facial angle (CFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical correction of short-nose deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The preoperative and postoperative N-TDP, NTP, NFA, and CFA and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 29.8 months. The cause of the short nose was congenital in 18 cases and secondary to previous rhinoplasty in 18 cases. Septal tissue, conchal cartilage, costal cartilage, and conchal composite tissue were used as graft materials. The key procedures for lengthening included septal extension graft reinforced with extended spreader, dorsal onlay, and tip grafts. The N-TDP increased by 11.2%, and CFA decreased from 122.6° to 111.1°. The NFA changed from 148.9° to 148.5°. The NTP ratio, measured using the Goode method, decreased from 0.53 to 0.50. The increase of N-TDP was greater in patients undergoing the costal cartilage grafting procedure than in those who received septal or conchal cartilage. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results, and there were no serious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Asians, the key maneuvers for lengthening were septal extension graft reinforced with extended spreader and dorsal onlay graft. Rib cartilage provided superior lengthening effect compared with other cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dennis Cristobal S
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mangoba
authors.forename: Sue Jean
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: Dae Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong-Ryul
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000208:ethnology / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010781:Photography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome