title: Detection of the B"-GWGR variant in the southernmost region of Brazil: unveiling the complexity of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype B epidemic.
abstract: Typical human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype B (HIV-1B) sequences present a GPGR signature at the tip of the variable region 3 (V3) loop; however, unusual motifs harbouring a GWGR signature have also been isolated. Although epidemiological studies have detected this variant in approximately 17-50% of the total infections in Brazil, the prevalence of B"-GWGR in the southernmost region of Brazil is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the C2-V3 molecular diversity of the HIV-1B epidemic in southernmost Brazil. HIV-1 seropositive patients were ana-lysed at two distinct time points in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS98 and RS08) and at one time point in the state of Santa Catarina (SC08). Phylogenetic analysis classified 46 individuals in the RS98 group as HIV-1B and their molecular signatures were as follows: 26% B"-GWGR, 54% B-GPGR and 20% other motifs. In the RS08 group, HIV-1B was present in 32 samples: 22% B"-GWGR, 59% B-GPGR and 19% other motifs. In the SC08 group, 32 HIV-1B samples were found: 28% B"-GWGR, 59% B-GPGR and 13% other motifs. No association could be established between the HIV-1B V3 signatures and exposure categories in the HIV-1B epidemic in RS. However, B-GPGR seemed to be related to heterosexual individuals in the SC08 group. Our results suggest that the established B"-GWGR epidemics in both cities have similar patterns, which is likely due to their geographical proximity and cultural relationship.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde,, Porto AlegreRS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Dennis Maletich
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.forename: Rúbia Marília de
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Thaysse Cristina Neiva Ferreira
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Monick Lindenmeyer
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gräf
authors.forename: Aguinaldo Roberto
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Sabrina Esteves de Matos
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D055030:Drug Users / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020010:Heterosexuality; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
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