title: Seminal vesicle biopsies: an useful staging procedure-exposure of seminal vesicle biopsies protocol and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although new MRI techniques have a high sensitivity but varying specificity with regard to diagnosing the seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) of prostate cancer, the low availability and high cost involved demands incorporating an inexpensive and accessible technique that might support adequate staging. Currently, uniformity does not exist with regard to the indication criteria of seminal vesicle biopsies (SVBs). Our objective is to analyse the protocol of SVBs at Morales Meseguer Hospital and conduct an exhaustive review of the literature in this field.
  
  
  METHODS
  SVBs were performed in patients who were amenable to a curative treatment and who showed at least one of the following indication criteria: prostate-specific antigen greater than or equal to 15 ng/ml, a prostate cancer nodule in the base of the prostate, or ultrasound abnormalities suggestive of vesicular involvement. SVBs were performed in 70 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These results revealed a rate of SVI of 15.7 and 25.58 % among all patients and patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, respectively. All biopsied patients who tested positive for the three indication criteria had T3b prostate cancer. Patients with a prostate cancer that altered the base of the prostate according to either digital rectal examination or ultrasound showed a T3b rate of 53.8 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SVBs should be considered a complementary procedure for prostate cancer staging because provide important information and it is easy, inexpensive and has few complications.
authors.affiliation: Morales Meseguer Hospital, Murcia, Spain, drraulmontoya@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montoya-Chinchilla
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosino-Sánchez
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Aparicio
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cano-García
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hidalgo-Agulló
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reina-Alcaina
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrillo-George
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Izquierdo-Morejón
authors.forename: Bernardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miñana-López
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
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