title: Eye-head coordination abnormalities in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eye-movement abnormalities in schizophrenia are a well-established phenomenon that has been observed in many studies. In such studies, visual targets are usually presented in the center of the visual field, and the subject's head remains fixed. However, in every-day life, targets may also appear in the periphery. This study is among the first to investigate eye and head movements in schizophrenia by presenting targets in the periphery of the visual field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two different visual recognition tasks, color recognition and Landolt orientation tasks, were presented at the periphery (at a visual angle of 55° from the center of the field of view). Each subject viewed 96 trials, and all eye and head movements were simultaneously recorded using video-based oculography and magnetic motion tracking of the head. Data from 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 controls were considered. The patients had similar saccadic latencies in both tasks, whereas controls had shorter saccadic latencies in the Landolt task. Patients performed more head movements, and had increased eye-head offsets during combined eye-head shifts than controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with schizophrenia may not be able to adapt to the two different tasks to the same extent as controls, as seen by the former's task-specific saccadic latency pattern. This can be interpreted as a specific oculomotoric attentional dysfunction and may support the hypothesis that schizophrenia patients have difficulties determining the relevance of stimuli. Patients may also show an uneconomic over-performance of head-movements, which is possibly caused by alterations in frontal executive function that impair the inhibition of head shifts. In addition, a model was created explaining 93% of the variance of the response times as a function of eye and head amplitude, which was only observed in the controls, indicating abnormal eye-head coordination in patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Othmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Würmle
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: René M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Müri
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altorfer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014794:Visual Fields
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