title: Interfacial ultramorphology evaluation of resin luting cements to dentin: a correlative scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis.
abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the dentin-resin cements interfacial ultramorphologies using two different methods: scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Four commercial products were evaluated: two conventional cementing system (RelyX ARC/Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose Plus, 3M ESPE and Clearfil Esthetic Cement/DC Bond, Kuraray) and two self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE and Clearfil SA Cement, Kuraray). Prepolymerized resin disks (Sinfony, 3M ESPE) were cemented on oclusal dentin surfaces of 24 third human molars, simulating the indirect restorations. After 24 h, teeth were sectioned into 0.9-mm thick slabs and processed for microscopy analyses (SEM or TEM/ n = 3). Qualitative characterization of dentin-resin cement interface was performed. Hybrid layer formation with long and dense resin tags was observed only for RelyX ARC cementing system. Clearfil Esthetic Cement/DC Bond system revealed few and short resin tags formation, whereas no hybridization and resin tags were detected for self-adhesive resin cements. Some interfacial regions exhibited that the self-adhesive resin cements were not bonded to dentin, presenting bubbles or voids at the interfaces. In conclusion, TEM and SEM bonding interface analyses showed ultramorphological variations among resin cements, which are directly related to dental bonding strategies used for each resin cement tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaiane Rodrigues
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.forename: Paulo Moreira
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vermelho
authors.forename: Carolina Bosso
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008964:Molar, Third; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C581302:Clearfil SA; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C483701:Rely X Unicem; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; C530542:clearfil esthetic cement; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: SEM; TEM; adhesion; indirect restoration; self-adhesive resin cement