title: Effects of a westernized diet on the reflexes and physical maturation of male rat offspring during the perinatal period.
abstract: This study evaluates the effects of a westernized diet during the perinatal period on the maternal performance and growth and development of rat offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed with either a control (C) diet, with casein as the protein source or a westernized (W) diet, during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were divided, eight per group, into the same diet groups as their dams. During lactation, the body weight (day 1, W = 6.85 ± 0.62 g, C = 5.81 ± 0.49, p < 0.05; day 21, W = 55.42 ± 3.78, C = 47.75 ± 3.45, p < 0.001) and somatic growth (body length day 1, W = 53.24 ± 2.16, C = 50.641 ± 1.79, p < 0.05; day 21, W = 124.8, C = 119.903 ± 3.71, p < 0.001) in the male offspring showed significant differences among the groups. The physical appearance and reflex maturation showed differences between day 1 and day 3. With the westernized diet, during the perinatal period, no alterations in maternal weight gain, gestation or performance were observed; however, changes in the coefficients of feed efficiency and energy during lactation were noted. Besides, blood glucose was found to be elevated at the end of lactation (C = 3.67 ± 0.35 mmol/l, W = 5.2 0 ± 0.49 mmol/l). At 21 days, the male pups from the dams on the westernized diet were 15 % heavier, and the maturation of the neural reflexes and physical characteristics were found to occur earlier. Therefore, the consumption of a westernized diet during the perinatal period was independent of maternal energy intake, and influenced the growth and development of offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Rua Professor Morais Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taisy Cinthia
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ferro Cavalcante
authors.forename: Jennyffer Mayara
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lima da Silva
authors.forename: Amanda Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: da Marcelino da Silva
authors.forename: Gisélia Santana
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: Laércio Marques
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: da Luz Neto
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopes de Souza
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manhães de Castro
authors.forename: Karla Mônica
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001724:Birth Weight; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012022:Reflex, Acoustic; D013216:Reflex, Startle; D015430:Weight Gain
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