title: Inhibitory role of the spinal galanin system in the control of micturition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of intrathecal galanin on the micturition reflex in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous cystometrograms (0.04 mL/min infusion rate) were performed in female Sprague-Dawley rats (225-248 g) under urethane anesthesia. After stable micturition cycles were established, galanin was administered intrathecally to evaluate changes in bladder activity. Then, to examine the involvement of opioid systems in the galanin effects, galanin was administered intrathecally when the first bladder contraction was observed after intrathecal administration of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrathecal administration of galanin (1-10 μg) increased intercontraction intervals in a dose-dependent fashion. Intrathecal administration of galanin (1-10 μg) also increased pressure threshold in a dose-dependent fashion. These inhibitory effects of galanin (10 μg) were partially antagonized by intrathecal administration of naloxone (10 μg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that in urethane-anesthetized rats, galanin delays the onset of micturition through activation of the opioid mechanism, suggesting the inhibitory role of galanin system in the control of the micturition reflex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hikita
authors.forename: Kuniyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D019004:Galanin
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