title: Determination of platinum surface contamination in veterinary and human oncology centres using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the surface contamination with platinum-containing antineoplastic drugs in veterinary and human oncology centres. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure platinum levels in surface samples. In veterinary and human oncology centres, 46.3 and 68.9% of the sampled surfaces demonstrated platinum contamination, respectively. Highest platinum levels were found in the preparation rooms (44.6 pg cm(-2)) in veterinary centres, while maximal levels in human centres were found in oncology patient-only toilets (725 pg cm(-2)). Transference of platinum by workers outside areas where antineoplastic drugs were handled was observed in veterinary and human oncology centres. In conclusion, only low levels of platinum contamination attributable to carboplatin were found in the sampled veterinary oncology centres. However, dispersion of platinum outside areas where antineoplastic drugs were handled was detected in veterinary and human oncology centres. Consequently, not only personnel, but also others may be exposed to platinum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E E M
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre "De Ottenhorst", Terneuzen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schellens
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beijnen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D009426:Netherlands; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010984:Platinum / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010984:Platinum; D016190:Carboplatin
keywords: chemotherapy; comparative oncology; oncology; small animal; small animal internal medicine