title: Iterative reconstruction of pulmonary MDCT angiography: effects on image quality, effective dose and estimated organ dose to the breast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the image characteristics, effective dose and estimated organ dose to the female breast in pulmonary MDCT angiography (MDCTA), reconstructed with either standard filtered back projection (FBP), or iterative reconstruction in image space (IRIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary MDCTA performed in 116 females (age 18 - 77 years; body mass index 15 - 48) was reconstructed with FBP (n=52) or IRIS (n=64). Scans were acquired on a 128-row MDCT system using automatic tube current modulation, 100 kV tube voltage, and a quality reference mAs value of 120 (FBP) and 80 (IRIS). Dose was calculated from CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) values utilising ImPACT software. Image noise was measured within the pulmonary artery. Qualitative visual assessment of the scans was performed (1=negligible noise, 5=noise obscuring diagnostic information).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average CTDIvol yielded 4.33 mGy for FBP and 3.54 mGy for IRIS, respectively (18.2% decrease). The average effective scan dose was 2.73±0.57 mSv (FBP) and 2.29±0.68 mSv (IRIS), respectively (16.1% decrease). The estimated average organ dose to the breast decreased from 5.1±1.1 mGy (FBP) to 4.2±1.2 mGy (IRIS, 17.6% decrease). No non-diagnostic scans (score 5) were encountered in either group. Significant improvement in image noise levels (P<0.01) and subjective image quality (P<0.02) were noted in IRIS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary MDCTA utilizing a 100 kV technique, automatic tube current modulation, and iterative image reconstruction offers robust results in routine conditions among an unselected female population, with breast doses being comparable to two-view digital mammography. Moreover, iterative reconstruction offers improvements in both image noise and visual perception of the scans, thus suggesting a potential for further dose reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zizka
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryska
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stepanovska
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Poulova
authors.forename: Ludovit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klzo
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grepl
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cermakova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D001940:Breast; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D055815:Young Adult