title: The Spanish linguistic validation of the ureteral stent symptom questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureteral Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ) is an intervention-specific health-related quality-of-life (HrQoL) measure. We describe development and validation of the Spanish version.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed established methods to develop the Spanish version of the original USSQ. After pilot testing, we conducted a formal validation study; 70 patients, undergoing placement of ureteral stents, successfully completed the Spanish USSQ as well as the EuroQoL-5D (male and female), the ICIQ male and female lower urinary tract symptoms questionnaires at weeks 1 and 4 after stent insertions, and at week 4 after their removal. In addition, 40 healthy people acted as a control group and completed the same questionnaires twice at 3-week intervals. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the Spanish USSQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After revision of the initial two drafts after translation, back translation, and pilot testing, a final draft was developed that underwent field testing. Psychometric analyses revealed satisfactory internal consistencies (Cronbach alpha coefficients: 0.73-0. 85) and test-retest reliability (Spearman correlation coefficient: >0.6) for the domains of urinary symptom, body pain, and general health. It demonstrated satisfactory discriminant validity (sensitivity to change, p<0.01), convergent validity (good correlations between the domains of the USSQ and existing validated questionnaires), and test-retest reliability (p<0.001). Analysis of the domains of the sexual matter (21.4%) and work performance (35.7%) were limited because of the small proportion of the study population for whom it was applicable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of our development and validation study demonstrate that the new Spanish version of the USSQ is a psychometrically valid intervention-specific measurer for use in the second most common language in the world. It is a reliable outcome measure that could be used for both clinical and research purposes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain .
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanguedolce
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Millán-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santillana-Altimira
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fantova-Alonso
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Martín
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Angerri-Feu
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lopez Martinez
authors.forename: Francis X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Keeley
authors.forename: Hrishi B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Villavicencio-Mávrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D015607:Stents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*