title: Perioperative respiratory adverse events in children with active upper respiratory tract infection who received general anesthesia through an orotracheal tube and inhalation agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active upper respiratory tract infection (URI), orotracheal intubation and use of inhalation anesthetics are known risk factors for perioperative respiratory adverse events (RAE). This study investigated the risk factors of perioperative RAE in children with these risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 159 children who underwent general anesthesia with an orotracheal tube and inhalation were reviewed. These patients also had at least one of the following URI symptoms on the day of surgery: clear or green nasal secretion, dry or moist cough, nasal congestion, or fever. RAE such as laryngospasm, bronchospasm, oxygen desaturation and sustained cough were collected before induction, during intubation, during extubation, after extubation and in the postanesthesia care unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five patients had RAE. The patients with RAE were younger than those without RAE. There were more passive smokers and a greater number of intubation attempts in patients with RAE than in those without RAE. The type of surgery and type of inhalation agents were not different between patients with and without RAE. Passive smoking was the only independent risk factor for RAE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with an active URI using orotracheal tube and inhalation anesthetics, passive smoking is an important risk factor for RAE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ran
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Bon-Nyeo
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Koo
keywords: Child; Perioperative period; Respiratory system; Upper respiratory tract infection
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