title: Impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment on expression of HIV-1 coreceptors and ligand levels in peripheral blood from HIV-1 infected patients in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coreceptors are important for HIV-1 entry into target cells and disease progression. The impact of HIV-1 and highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) on coreceptor expression has been little studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 and C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 on CD4+ and CD8 + T cells was compared in HIV-1-infected individuals who had/had not received HAART, and in healthy controls. Relationships between coreceptors and their chemokine ligands were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 23 controls and 88 HIV-1-infected individuals, 35 of whom were HAART naïve. Percentages of CCR5 and CXCR4+ CD8 + T cells were higher, and CXCR4+ CD4 + T cells were lower, in patients than in controls. Patients receiving HAART showed a higher percentage of CCR5 expression on CD4 + T cells compared with HAART-naïve patients. HIV-infected individuals had significantly increased levels of peripheral ligands for coreceptors, compared with controls; levels were significantly higher in those receiving HAART compared with the HAART-naïve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1 infection increases coreceptor expression on T cells; HAART increases CCR5 expression further and decreases CXCR4 expression, reversing the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4, which was significant for CD4 + T.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Jiajie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xuanwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Changzhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chaojun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D053586:Virus Internalization / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C584933:CCR5 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4
keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; CCR5; CXCR4; HIV-1; chemokine; coreceptors; highly active antiretroviral treatment