title: The ultrastructure of shelled and unshelled cashew nuts.
abstract: Cashew nuts have many attributes, including sensory, nutritional and health appeal, which contribute to their worldwide acceptance. We demonstrate details of the microstructure of shelled and unshelled cashew kernels with regard to pericarp and cotyledon organization. This study also provides evidence of the colonization of these kernels by filamentous fungi. Nuts were examined by scanning electron and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Staining with acridine orange was performed. A tight lignified palisade layer adjacent to the exocarp surface explains the hardness of the shell's pericarp. The mesocarp contains large secretory cavities that confer a spongy property to this tissue. Papillose cells, which are responsible for secreting CNSL (cashew nutshell liquid), were observed to cover the inner wall of these cavities. Lipid components are readily released from the parenchyma and appear as oil droplets. The outer surface of the shelled samples exhibited a dense Aspergillus infestation.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 - Planalto do Pici, 60.511-110 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: celli.muniz@embrapa.br.
authors.forename: Celli R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: Francisco C O
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Arlete Aparecida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Maria I F
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Guedes
mesh_terms: D031021:Anacardium / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009754:Nuts / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*
keywords: Cashew kernel; Confocal scanning laser microscopy; Lipid body; Scanning electron microscopy