title: Lysyl oxidase secreted by tumour endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis and metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Molecules that are highly expressed in tumour endothelial cells (TECs) may be candidates for specifically targeting TECs. Using DNA microarray analysis, we found that the lysyl oxidase (LOX) gene was upregulated in TECs compared with its expression in normal endothelial cells (NECs). LOX is an enzyme that enhances invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. However, there are no reports on the function of LOX in isolated TECs.
  
  
  METHODS
  TECs and NECs were isolated to investigate LOX function in TECs. LOX inhibition of in vivo tumour growth was also assessed using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  LOX expression was higher in TECs than in NECs. LOX knockdown inhibited cell migration and tube formation by TECs, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (Tyr 397). Immunostaining showed high LOX expression in human tumour vessels in vivo. Tumour angiogenesis and micrometastasis were inhibited by BAPN in an in vivo tumour model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LOX may be a TEC marker and a possible therapeutic target for novel antiangiogenic therapy.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan [2] Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujie
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shindoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000201:enzymology; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase
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