title: Oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients treated with long-acting haloperidol decanoate.
abstract: In this study the role of oxidative stress in schizophrenia was investigated by evaluating the relationship of oxidative stress markers with neurochemistry, psychopathology, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and concentrations of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, nitrite, nitrate, glutathione, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and serotonin were measured in 52 outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia treated with haloperidol decanoate. Psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale, global assessment of functioning, abnormal involuntary movement scale, Simpson Angus scale, and Barnes akathisia rating scale. Haloperidol dose was positively correlated with plasma protein carbonyls. Longer duration of illness was associated with decreased levels of glutathione peroxidase. Increased activity of superoxide dismutase was associated with increased levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione, and decreased concentration of malondialdehyde, indicating joint action of various antioxidative systems. Increased levels of nitrite and noradrenaline were associated with decreased level of malondialdehyde. Akathisia was greater in patients with decreased catalase activity, indicating involvement of impaired antioxidant defense in developing extrapyramidal symptoms. These results confirm the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and severity of extrapyramidal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bošković
authors.forename: Iztok
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grabnar
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terzič
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kores Plesničar
authors.forename: Tomaž
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vovk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011599:Psychopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C033563:haloperidol decanoate; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D006220:Haloperidol
keywords: Extrapyramidal symptoms; Haloperidol decanoate; Neurotransmitters; Oxidative stress; Psychopathology of schizophrenia