title: Ammonia-annealed TiO2 as a negative electrode material in li-ion batteries: N doping or oxygen deficiency?
abstract: Improving the chemical diffusion of Li ions in anatase TiO2 is essential to enhance its rate capability as a negative electrode for Li-ion batteries. Ammonia annealing has been used to improve the rate capability of Li4 Ti5 O12 . Similarly, ammonia annealing improves the Li-ion storage performance of anatase TiO2 in terms of the stability upon cycling and the C-rate capability. In order to distinguish whether N doping or oxygen deficiencies, both introduced upon ammonia annealing, are more relevant for the observed improvement, a systematic electrochemical study was performed. The results suggest that the creation of oxygen vacancies upon ammonia annealing is the main reason for the improvement of the stability and C-rate capability.
authors.affiliation: Analytische Chemie - Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany), Fax: (+49) 2343214683. edgar.ventosa@rub.de.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ventosa
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klink
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: La Mantia
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muhler
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schuhmann
keywords: high C rate; lithium-ion battery; nitrogen dopant; oxygen deficiency; titanium dioxide