title: Novel hepatitis B virus strain developing due to recombination between genotypes H and B strains isolated from a Japanese patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Japan, genotypes B and C are the predominant genotypes isolated from patients with chronic hepatitis B, while genotype A predominates in patients with acute hepatitis B. Globalization, however, appears to have changed the distribution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes. Thus, the viral characteristics of HBV genotypes other than genotypes A, B and C were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Screening of genotypes was performed by enzyme immunoassay and/or polymerase chain reaction INVADER method in 222 patients with HBV. The full-length nucleotide sequences of unusual strains were compared to those in the database, followed by construction of a phylogenetic tree.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unusual HBV strains were isolated from two patients: a 27-year-old Japanese bisexual man with acute hepatitis B with HIV co-infection and a 52-year-old Japanese man with chronic hepatitis B. The former strain was classified as genotype H, showing an overall identity of 99.8% to the Thailand strain (EU498228), while the nucleotide sequence of the latter strain showed similarity to the genotype B strains isolated in Malaysia (JQ027316) and Indonesia (JQ429079) between DR2 and DR1 in the X region, with identities of 96.9%. However, this strain was classified as genotype H by full-length sequence analysis, and the sequence between nt2023 and nt2262 showed no similarity to that in any previously reported strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBV strains showing recombination between genotype B and H strains were found even in chronic hepatitis patients in Japan. Globalization may yield HBV strains of possible novel genotypes containing novel nucleotide sequences in the precore/core region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyamacho, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kouyama
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naiki
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inao
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mochida
keywords: genotype; globalization; hepatitis B virus; nucleotide sequence; recombination