title: Modulation of adult-born neurons in the inflamed hippocampus.
abstract: Throughout life new neurons are continuously added to the hippocampal circuitry involved with spatial learning and memory. These new cells originate from neural precursors in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, migrate into the granule cell layer, and integrate into neural networks encoding spatial and contextual information. This process can be influenced by several environmental and endogenous factors and is modified in different animal models of neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation, as defined by the presence of activated microglia, is a common key factor to the progression of neurological disorders. Analysis of the literature shows that microglial activation impacts not only the production, but also the migration and the recruitment of new neurons. The impact of microglia on adult-born neurons appears much more multifaceted than ever envisioned before, combining both supportive and detrimental effects that are dependent upon the activation phenotype and the factors being released. The development of strategies aimed to change microglia toward states that promote functional neurogenesis could therefore offer novel therapeutic opportunities against neurological disorders associated with cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on how production, distribution, and recruitment of new neurons into behaviorally relevant neural networks are modified in the inflamed hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA ; Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Belarbi
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosi
keywords: adult neurogenesis; chemokines; cytokines; inflammation; microglia
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2002 Jun;19(6):693-703
references.pmid: 12165131
references.citation: Neurobiol Aging. 1999 Nov-Dec;20(6):581-9
references.pmid: 10674423
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1999 Apr 19;406(4):449-60
references.pmid: 10205022
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Aug;11(8):901-7
references.pmid: 18622400
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 7;106(14):5919-24
references.pmid: 19321751
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2010 Jul 27;224(1-2):80-4
references.pmid: 20554025
references.citation: Exp Neurol. 2005 Nov;196(1):204-8
references.pmid: 16157335
references.citation: Nature. 2004 May 13;429(6988):184-7
references.pmid: 15107864
references.citation: FASEB J. 2006 Apr;20(6):714-6
references.pmid: 16473887
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 1;106(35):14978-83
references.pmid: 19706447
references.citation: Neuroimmunomodulation. 2010;17(3):200-1
references.pmid: 20134202
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2003 Jul 15;63(14):4021-7
references.pmid: 12874001
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Feb 13;385(6617):640-4
references.pmid: 9024663
references.citation: Neurobiol Dis. 2011 Aug;43(2):486-94
references.pmid: 21569847
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2003 Nov;18(10):2707-12
references.pmid: 14656319
references.citation: Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Jun;25 Suppl 1:S39-49
references.pmid: 21320587
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 Nov 9;31(45):16241-50
references.pmid: 22072675
references.citation: Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1456-8
references.pmid: 21778362
references.citation: Exp Neurol. 2005 Dec;196(2):290-7
references.pmid: 16153641
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2008 Jul;13(7):717-28
references.pmid: 17700577
references.citation: Neurobiol Dis. 2013 Jun;54:252-63
references.pmid: 23313314
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2007 Nov;10(11):1387-94
references.pmid: 17965659
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Jan 19;25(3):723-31
references.pmid: 15659610
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1998 Jan;152(1):307-17
references.pmid: 9422548
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 May 31;26(22):5888-93
references.pmid: 16738230
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2010 Dec 15;171(3):769-78
references.pmid: 20883747
references.citation: Epilepsia. 2008;49 Suppl 2:24-32
references.pmid: 18226169
references.citation: Exp Neurol. 2012 Jan;233(1):40-8
references.pmid: 21110971
references.citation: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2005 Jul;29(3):381-93
references.pmid: 15890528
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1997 May 15;17(10):3727-38
references.pmid: 9133393
references.citation: Cell. 2002 Aug 23;110(4):429-41
references.pmid: 12202033
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2014 Jul;24(7):1845-57
references.pmid: 23425888
references.citation: Synapse. 2010 Sep;64(9):721-8
references.pmid: 20336624
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1998 Oct 1;18(19):7768-78
references.pmid: 9742147
references.citation: J Immunol. 1996 Aug 1;157(3):1213-8
references.pmid: 8757628
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8514-9
references.pmid: 12824464
references.citation: Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Oct;33(10):1475-88
references.pmid: 21052928
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2009 May 29;210(1-2):3-12
references.pmid: 19269040
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 15;105(2):751-6
references.pmid: 18178625
references.citation: Arch Pharm Res. 2007 May;30(5):646-52
references.pmid: 17615686
references.citation: Virchows Arch. 2002 Oct;441(4):358-67
references.pmid: 12404061
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Nov 2;25(44):10074-86
references.pmid: 16267214
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Jan 15;22(2):486-92
references.pmid: 11784794
references.citation: Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Feb;26(2):292-300
references.pmid: 21983279
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1965 Jun;124(3):319-35
references.pmid: 5861717
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2012 Mar;22(3):544-54
references.pmid: 21192069
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2001 Apr;158(4):1345-54
references.pmid: 11290552
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 1;68(23):9763-70
references.pmid: 19047155
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1990;39(1):151-70
references.pmid: 2089275
references.citation: Glia. 2013 Jun;61(6):855-68
references.pmid: 23536230
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Apr 1;29(13):3974-80
references.pmid: 19339593
references.citation: Stroke. 2005 Dec;36(12):2718-24
references.pmid: 16282546
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Nov 22;26(47):12237-41
references.pmid: 17122048
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2007 Feb 20;500(6):1007-33
references.pmid: 17183554
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2000 Sep 8;291(1):17-20
references.pmid: 10962143
references.citation: Glia. 2008 May;56(7):791-800
references.pmid: 18338791
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Nov 19;28(47):12477-88
references.pmid: 19020040
references.citation: FASEB J. 2010 Aug;24(8):3093-102
references.pmid: 20371618
references.citation: Neurobiol Dis. 2004 Jul;16(2):321-34
references.pmid: 15193289
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 Jan;8(1):57-69
references.pmid: 17180163
references.citation: Exp Neurol. 2003 Jul;182(1):21-34
references.pmid: 12821374
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2007 May;25(10):2973-81
references.pmid: 17509085
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2006 Jan;59(1):81-91
references.pmid: 16261566
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2013 Feb 1;73(3):1201-10
references.pmid: 23243025
references.citation: Development. 2003 Jan;130(2):391-9
references.pmid: 12466205
references.citation: Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):841-5
references.pmid: 20966214
references.citation: Front Cell Neurosci. 2013 Apr 08;7:34
references.pmid: 23596391
references.citation: Stroke. 2001 Aug;32(8):1890-6
references.pmid: 11486122
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2011 Apr;91(2):461-553
references.pmid: 21527731
references.citation: Brain Res. 2012 Oct 24;1481:90-6
references.pmid: 22975132
references.citation: J Immunol. 2013 Aug 1;191(3):1063-72
references.pmid: 23817416
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2005 Jun 15;80(6):789-97
references.pmid: 15884015
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Mar 22;26(12):3182-91
references.pmid: 16554469
references.citation: Gene Ther. 2012 Jul;19(7):724-33
references.pmid: 21918553
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 May 24;54(4):559-66
references.pmid: 17521569
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2000;99(1):33-41
references.pmid: 10924950
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2001 Feb 15;63(4):313-9
references.pmid: 11170181
references.citation: Mol Neurobiol. 2009 Dec;40(3):195-215
references.pmid: 19714501
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2001 Jan;158(1):63-73
references.pmid: 11141480
references.citation: Cell. 2013 Jun 6;153(6):1219-1227
references.pmid: 23746839
references.citation: Mol Neurodegener. 2011 Dec 22;6:85
references.pmid: 22192775
references.citation: Brain Res. 2010 Sep 17;1352:35-42
references.pmid: 20647006
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1999 Feb 2;38(5):1402-14
references.pmid: 9931005
references.citation: Neurobiol Dis. 2010 Feb;37(2):267-74
references.pmid: 19909815
references.citation: J Neurotrauma. 2005 Sep;22(9):978-88
references.pmid: 16156713
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2012 Oct 24;32(43):15106-11
references.pmid: 23100431
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1991;42(1):201-14
references.pmid: 1713656
references.citation: Brain Behav Immun. 2013 Jan;27(1):22-32
references.pmid: 22985767
references.citation: Brain Res. 2008 Jun 12;1214:159-68
references.pmid: 18457819
references.citation: Exp Neurol. 2007 Mar;204(1):264-72
references.pmid: 17198703
references.citation: Exp Neurol. 2002 Feb;173(2):183-95
references.pmid: 11822882
references.citation: Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1760-5
references.pmid: 14615545
references.citation: Nat Med. 1998 Nov;4(11):1313-7
references.pmid: 9809557
references.citation: J Neuroinflammation. 2013 Jan 22;10:11
references.pmid: 23339567
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2004 Nov;165(5):1643-52
references.pmid: 15509534
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2004 Mar;55(3):381-9
references.pmid: 14991816
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2010 Nov 02;8(11):e1000527
references.pmid: 21072242
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1999 Jun;154(6):1673-84
references.pmid: 10362792
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Jun;8(6):752-8
references.pmid: 15895084
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2007 May 10;502(2):275-90
references.pmid: 17348003
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2001 Feb;136(3):313-20
references.pmid: 11243473
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2013 Mar;16(3):273-80
references.pmid: 23334579
references.citation: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;4(4):399-418
references.pmid: 19655259
references.citation: J Neuroinflammation. 2012 Jan 25;9:23
references.pmid: 22277195
references.citation: Radiat Res. 2004 Jul;162(1):39-47
references.pmid: 15222778
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Jul;6(7):405-10
references.pmid: 20531383
references.citation: Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):210-3
references.pmid: 19590004
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2007 Mar;10(3):355-62
references.pmid: 17277773
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 16;94(19):10409-14
references.pmid: 9294224
references.citation: Glia. 2009 Jun;57(8):835-49
references.pmid: 19053043
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2008 Mar;89(3):269-84
references.pmid: 17931913
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 1996 Jan;199(Pt 1):173-85
references.pmid: 8576689
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 Jun 1;20(11):3993-4001
references.pmid: 10818134
references.citation: Brain Behav Immun. 2012 Jan;26(1):18-23
references.pmid: 21787860
references.citation: Mol Cells. 2003 Oct 31;16(2):232-8
references.pmid: 14651266
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2001 Nov 1;66(3):317-26
references.pmid: 11746349
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Jan;23(1):83-93
references.pmid: 16420418
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Mar 7;27(10):2596-605
references.pmid: 17344397
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 11;100(23):13632-7
references.pmid: 14581618
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Feb 1;53(3):337-51
references.pmid: 17270732
references.citation: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2006 Jan;31(1):149-60
references.pmid: 16297637
references.citation: Radiat Res. 2008 Jun;169(6):626-32
references.pmid: 18494546
references.citation: Nat Med. 2002 Sep;8(9):955-62
references.pmid: 12161748
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Mar 09;6(3):e17689
references.pmid: 21408012
references.citation: Science. 2005 May 27;308(5726):1314-8
references.pmid: 15831717
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Sep 20;26(38):9703-12
references.pmid: 16988041
references.citation: Stroke. 2007 Jan;38(1):146-52
references.pmid: 17122429
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Mar 30;149(1):188-201
references.pmid: 22365813