title: Pilot perception and confidence of location during a simulated helicopter navigation task.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper aims to provide insights into human perception, navigation performance, and confidence in helicopter overland navigation. Helicopter overland navigation is a challenging mission area because it is a complex cognitive task, and failing to recognize when the aircraft is off-course can lead to operational failures and mishaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  A human-in-the-loop experiment to investigate pilot perception during simulated overland navigation by analyzing actual navigation trajectory, pilots' perceived location, and corresponding confidence levels was designed. There were 15 military officers with prior overland navigation experience who completed 4 simulated low-level navigation routes, 2 of which entailed auto-navigation. This route was paused roughly every 30 s for the subject to mark their perceived location on the map and their confidence level using a customized program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis shows that there is no correlation between perceived and actual location of the aircraft, nor between confidence level and actual location. There is, however, some evidence that there is a correlation (rho = -0.60 to approximately 0.65) between perceived location and intended route of flight, suggesting that there is a bias toward believing one is on the intended flight route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If aviation personnel can proactively identify the circumstances in which usual misperceptions occur in navigation, they may reduce mission failure and accident rate. Fleet squadrons and instructional commands can benefit from this study to improve operations that require low-level flight while also improving crew resource management.
authors.affiliation: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA. yangjh@kookmin.ac.kr
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Cowden
authors.forename: Quinn
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Harrison
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000401:Aircraft; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004215:Distance Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D011361:Professional Competence; D012984:Software; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology