title: The effect of FokI vitamin D receptor polymorphism on bone mineral density in Jordanian perimenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is a polygenic, multifactorial disease that is characterized by demineralization of bone, and thus presented with decreasing bone mineral mass. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in the 3'-end region (as determined by the enzymes BsmI and ApaI) have been inconsistently associated with bone mineral mass. Another important VDR start codon polymorphism (as determined by the enzyme FokI) has been found to be related to adult bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-and post-menopausal American women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the prevalence of the FokI VDR gene polymorphism in Jordanian perimenopausal women and study its relationship with bone mineral density.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was isolated from 90 controls (Mean age = 50.41 ± 1.29 y), and 120 patients with symptomatic vertebral fractures (Mean age = 49.14 ± 3.19 y). Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of FokI was performed on DNA samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was analyzed using SPSS v19 and Microsoft Excel 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that in controls, the FF (-0.70 ± 0.51) genotype is associated with high lumbar spine BMD Z-score as compared to Ff (-1.25 ± 0.26) and ff (-1.66 ± 0.47) genotypes (P = 0.0095). In patients, the ff genotype was associated with lower lumbar spine BMD in T-score (-2.31 ± 0.17) and Z-score (-1.56 ± 0.09) genotypes (P = 0.031). No significant association was seen in the femoral neck BMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FokI polymorphism may be associated with low BMD in our studied population; however, further studies including other polymorphisms and large sample number are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Raed M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kanan
keywords: Jordan; dbSNP rs10735810; osteoporosis; vitamin D receptor
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Jan;21(1):151-62
references.pmid: 16355284
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3614-20
references.pmid: 12915644
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Dec;11(12):1841-9
references.pmid: 8970884
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1995 Sep;10(9):1283-8
references.pmid: 7502697
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr;64(4):383-91
references.pmid: 20145667
references.citation: Bone. 2006 Nov;39(5):1136-1143
references.pmid: 16814623
references.citation: Bone. 2009 Dec;45(6):1091-7
references.pmid: 19647104
references.citation: Eur J Intern Med. 2003 Jul;14(4):232-236
references.pmid: 12919838
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 10;337(2):77-82
references.pmid: 9211676
references.citation: Nature. 1994 Jan 20;367(6460):284-7
references.pmid: 8161378
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1995 Jun;10(6):978-84
references.pmid: 7572323
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1987 Sep;80(3):706-10
references.pmid: 3624485
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 Jan;59(1):10-5
references.pmid: 14718481
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Jan;13(1):31-5
references.pmid: 9443787
references.citation: Bone. 1996 Mar;18(3):249-52
references.pmid: 8703580
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 1992 Aug 15;117(4):286-91
references.pmid: 1637023
references.citation: Bone. 1998 Oct;23(4):367-71
references.pmid: 9763149
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Feb;42(2):285-90
references.pmid: 10025922
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Jul;12(7):1043-8
references.pmid: 9200003
references.citation: Physiol Res. 2002;51(5):501-9
references.pmid: 12470203
references.citation: J Hum Genet. 2000;45(5):280-3
references.pmid: 11043509
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1996 Dec;11(12):1850-5
references.pmid: 8970885
references.citation: Nat Genet. 1996 Oct;14(2):203-5
references.pmid: 8841196
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Jun;12(6):915-21
references.pmid: 9169350
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 1999;9(1):55-64
references.pmid: 10367030
references.citation: Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2009 Oct;13(5):603-9
references.pmid: 19814616
references.citation: Endocr Rev. 2010 Oct;31(5):629-62
references.pmid: 20431112
references.citation: Eur J Endocrinol. 1995 Sep;133(3):265-71
references.pmid: 7581940
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Mar;13(3):363-70
references.pmid: 9525336
references.citation: Clin Genet. 1999 Sep;56(3):221-4
references.pmid: 10563482
references.citation: J Recept Res. 1991;11(1-4):699-716
references.pmid: 1653354
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000 Jul;53(1):93-8
references.pmid: 10931085
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2012 Jun;39(6):6723-30
references.pmid: 22311020
references.citation: BMC Med Genet. 2001;2:2
references.pmid: 11231880
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2011 Feb;22(2):463-75
references.pmid: 20431993
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Jun;13(6):925-30
references.pmid: 9626623