title: Worldwide isotope ratios of the Fukushima release and early-phase external dose reconstruction.
abstract: Measurements of radionuclides (RNs) in air made worldwide following the Fukushima accident are quantitatively compared with air and soil measurements made in Japan. Isotopic ratios RN:(137)Cs of (131)I, (132)Te, (134,136)Cs, are correlated with distance from release. It is shown, for the first time, that both within Japan and globally, ratios RN:(137)Cs in air were relatively constant for primarily particle associated radionuclides ((134,136)Cs; (132)Te) but that (131)I shows much lower local (<80 km) isotope ratios in soils relative to (137)Cs. Derived isotope ratios are used to reconstruct external dose rate during the early phase post-accident. Model "blind" tests show more than 95% of predictions within a factor of two of measurements from 15 sites to the north, northwest and west of the power station. It is demonstrated that generic isotope ratios provide a sound basis for reconstruction of early-phase external dose rates in these most contaminated areas.
authors.affiliation: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth. PO1 3QL, UK.
authors.forename: Kittisak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaisan
authors.forename: Jim T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bossew
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: Gennady V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Laptev
mesh_terms: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D062406:Fukushima Nuclear Accident; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Sep;111:13-7
references.pmid: 22119330
references.citation: Health Phys. 2012 Jun;102(6):680-6
references.pmid: 22549322
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2011 Nov;102(11):1032-8
references.pmid: 21719167
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2012;2:507
references.pmid: 22792439
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1979 Jun;236(6):E667-77
references.pmid: 443421
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:61-5
references.pmid: 22257694
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Sep;111:33-7
references.pmid: 22071363
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:131-7
references.pmid: 22381471
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:146-51
references.pmid: 22336568
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2011 Oct 15;409(22):4885-8
references.pmid: 21906779
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Dec 6;108(49):19526-9
references.pmid: 22084070
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Jul;109:13-8
references.pmid: 22541992
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Sep 15;45(18):7670-7
references.pmid: 21809844
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:66-70
references.pmid: 22498792
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Sep;111:18-27
references.pmid: 22137554
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:35-40
references.pmid: 22236558
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:22-34
references.pmid: 22227180
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2011;1:87
references.pmid: 22355606
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:152-6
references.pmid: 22503401
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Dec;114:15-21
references.pmid: 22137556
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Sep;111:59-64
references.pmid: 22029969
references.citation: Health Phys. 2002 Feb;82(2):141-56
references.pmid: 11797890
references.citation: J Environ Radioact. 2012 Oct;112:165-70
references.pmid: 22348994
references.citation: Radiat Environ Biophys. 1997 Feb;36(1):31-7
references.pmid: 9128896