title: Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus - one fatality and two full recoveries: a case report.
abstract: In spite of yearly vaccination, outbreaks of canine infectious respiratory disease are periodically seen amongst domestic dogs. These infections compromise host defense mechanisms, and, when combined with other stressful events, allow opportunistic pathogens like Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus to create serious disease. Early recognition and treatment are tremendously important for a successful outcome in these cases. A polyvalent vaccine was given to 22 racing dogs three days after a competition, followed by two days of rest, and then the dogs were returned to regular training. Coughing was noticed among the dogs four days after immunisation. Three days after this outbreak one of the dogs was unusually silent and was found dead the next morning. Simultaneously two other dogs developed haemorrhagic expectorate, depression and dyspnea and were brought in to the veterinary hospital. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated in pure culture from all three cases. They were treated and rehabilitated successfully, and won a sledge race three months later. This paper discusses the necropsy results, treatment regime, rehabilitation and the chronology of vaccination, stressful events and disease.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, PO Box 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. gry.jaeger@nvh.no.
authors.forename: Gry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Hege Kippenes
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Skogmo
authors.forename: Oyvor
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kolbjørnsen
authors.forename: Hans Jørgen Søiland
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bergsjø
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sørum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D018502:Streptococcus equi
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines
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