title: Synaptic and extrasynaptic transmission of kidney-related neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
abstract: The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a critical component of the sympathetic nervous system regulating homeostatic functions including arterial blood pressure. Using the transsynaptic retrograde viral tracer PRV-152, we identified kidney-related neurons in the RVLM. We found that PRV-152-labeled RVLM neurons displayed an unusually large persistent, tonic current to both glutamate, via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors, and to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), via GABAA receptors, in the absence of large-scale phasic neurotransmission with whole cell patch-clamp recordings. A cocktail of potent NMDA and AMPA/kainate ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists AP-5 (50 μM) and CNQX (10 μM) revealed a two-component somatic tonic excitatory current with an overall amplitude of 42.6 ± 13.4 pA. Moreover, application of the GABAA receptor blockers gabazine (15 μM) and bicuculline (30 μM) revealed a robust somatic tonic inhibitory current with an average amplitude of 196.3 ± 39.3 pA. These findings suggest that the tonic current plays a role in determining the resting membrane potential, input resistance, and firing rate of RVLM neurons. The magnitude of the tonic inhibitory current demonstrates that GABAergic inhibition plays a critical role in regulation of kidney-related RVLM neurons. Our results indicate that the GABAergic tonic current may determine the basal tone of firing activity in kidney-related RVLM neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Derbenev
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D053444:Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
keywords: excitatory postsynaptic current; inhibitory postsynaptic currents; patch clamp; rostral ventrolateral medulla; tonic current
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