title: Early cow's milk consumption among Brazilian children: results of a national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to assess the intake, frequency, and type of milk consumed by Brazilian children younger than 60 months of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  this was a cross-sectional study, which used secondary data from the National Demographic and Health Survey of 2006-2007. Data from 4,817 children under the age of 60 months were used. All analyses were performed with expanded samples. The dietetic survey assessed the previous day's consumption, and estimates were made through univariate analysis, presented as a percentage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  on the day prior to the survey, breast milk was consumed by 91% of the children younger than six months of age, by 61.5% of the children aged 6 to 12 months, and by 34.8% of the children aged 13 to 24 months. Among the children who had received other types of milk, cow's milk was consumed by 62.4% of the children younger than six months, by 74.6% of the children aged 6 to 12 months, and by approximately 80% of the children older than 12 months. Infant formulas were consumed by 23% of the children younger than six months of age, by 9.8% of the children aged 6 to 12 months, and by less than 1% of the older children. Soy milk consumption varied from 14.6% to 20% among the investigated ages. Non-breast milk consumption before the age of six months was more frequent in children living in the Northeastern and Southern regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the results of the present study demonstrated that most children received cow's milk prematurely as a substitute for breast milk, highlighting the importance of the development of public policies to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding in all regions of Brazil, aiming at reversing the observed scenario.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: giselebortolini@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gisele Ane
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bortolini
authors.forename: Márcia Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vitolo
authors.forename: Muriel Bauermann
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gubert
authors.forename: Leonor Maria Pacheco
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D008895:Milk, Human; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Breast milk substitutes; Consumo de alimentos; Food consumption; Infant nutrition; Nutrição do lactente; Public health; Saúde pública; Substitutos do leite humano