title: The tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes.
abstract: Tigers and their close relatives (Panthera) are some of the world's most endangered species. Here we report the de novo assembly of an Amur tiger whole-genome sequence as well as the genomic sequences of a white Bengal tiger, African lion, white African lion and snow leopard. Through comparative genetic analyses of these genomes, we find genetic signatures that may reflect molecular adaptations consistent with the big cats' hypercarnivorous diet and muscle strength. We report a snow leopard-specific genetic determinant in EGLN1 (Met39>Lys39), which is likely to be associated with adaptation to high altitude. We also detect a TYR260G>A mutation likely responsible for the white lion coat colour. Tiger and cat genomes show similar repeat composition and an appreciably conserved synteny. Genomic data from the five big cats provide an invaluable resource for resolving easily identifiable phenotypes evident in very close, but distinct, species.
authors.affiliation: Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Haolong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jiaohui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Soowhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sukhun
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authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Hak-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sungwoong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jho
authors.forename: Sangsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Uk
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shu-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Warren E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Koepfli
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Küntzel
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marker
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Bertola
authors.forename: Tae Hyung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sunghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Priyvrat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gadhvi
authors.forename: Pengwei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yingqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yadan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shengkai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.forename: Xiuhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jilin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sanyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Linfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiaju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Junyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chul Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwanjong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Jong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Junsu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Chang-Bae
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sangtae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Damdin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bayarlkhagva
authors.forename: Woon Kee
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Paek
authors.forename: Seong-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhak
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D008045:Lions / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D046009:Panthera / Q000235:genetics*; D011156:Population Density; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics; D046010:Tigers / Q000235:genetics*
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