title: Trends in the antibiotic resistance patterns of enteric Fever isolates - a three year report from a tertiary care centre.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of multidrug resistant enteric fever is increasing alarmingly. This study was planned to determine the rate of isolation of Salmonella spp. and to compare the isolates for their epidemiological parameters and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted over a span of three years with a total of 8142, 8134, and 8114 blood culture samples processed for the years 2008, 2009, and 2010 respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol was determined using an agar dilution method. The MIC for ciprofloxacin was also confirmed by Epsilon-test (E -test) strips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 302 Salmonella spp. isolated, 257 were Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (85.1%) and 45 (14.9%) were S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A. The majority of the isolates recovered were from the pediatric age group (54.6%) and males (60.6%). Complete susceptibility was observed to chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin over the last two years (2009 and 2010), with an increase in resistance to nalidixic acid (100%) and ciprofloxacin (13.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, we found augmentation of resistance to nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolones and complete sensitivity to ceftriaxone along with reemergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity for Salmonella isolates. This report emphasises the necessity of continuous surveillance of antibiograms of enteric fever isolates in an area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030 India.
authors.forename: Varsha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaistha
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chander
keywords: Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; ceftriaxone; ciprofloxacin; enteric fever
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