title: [Translational uroradio-oncology].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent developments and innovations in modern radiation oncology enable radiation oncologists to deliver a biologically, physically and technically stratified individualized treatment. In urological oncology, radiotherapy can be offered as a valid treatment alternative for a number of tumors, such as prostate cancer or urothelial cancer/bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  By improving the precision of radiotherapy, significant improvement in tumor control can be achieved, coupled with a reduction of the risk of treatment-related side effects. Techniques such as high precision radiotherapy and combinations of radiation and modern imaging, such as image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and adaptive radiotherapy (ART), make daily individually tailored treatment possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the future the biological characteristics of tumors and of normal tissue as well as molecular markers can be used for treatment stratification.
authors.affiliation: RadioOnkologie und Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland, Stephanie.Combs@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Combs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Debus
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy*
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Sep 1;87(1):81-7
references.pmid: 23414766
references.citation: Radiat Oncol. 2010 Jun 30;5:61
references.pmid: 20591160
references.citation: Strahlentherapie. 1950;82(4):487-502
references.pmid: 14787768
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Mar 15;73(4):1270-5
references.pmid: 19251099
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003 Aug 1;56(5):1218-24
references.pmid: 12873664
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jul 1;71(3):813-20
references.pmid: 18207664
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Apr 1;79(5):1310-7
references.pmid: 20493642
references.citation: JAMA. 2010 Mar 17;303(11):1046-53
references.pmid: 20233822
references.citation: Strahlenther Onkol. 2011 May;187(5):306-10
references.pmid: 21533758
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Jul 15;80(4):1205-13
references.pmid: 21489709
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Mar 15;61(4):1258-66
references.pmid: 15752908
references.citation: Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2006;122(1-4):475-7
references.pmid: 17164283
references.citation: Med Phys. 2007 Dec;34(12):4768-71
references.pmid: 18196804
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2007 Sep 21;52(18):5655-65
references.pmid: 17804887
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Mar 15;64(4):1255-64
references.pmid: 16504763
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Jul 15;68(4):1072-80
references.pmid: 17467193
references.citation: Radiother Oncol. 2007 Jun;83(3):304-10
references.pmid: 17517444
references.citation: Radiother Oncol. 2003 Feb;66(2):197-202
references.pmid: 12648792
references.citation: Med Phys. 2010 Feb;37(2):449-60
references.pmid: 20229853
references.citation: Int J Radiat Biol. 2009 May;85(5):391-402
references.pmid: 19382020
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Aug 1;74(5):1455-60
references.pmid: 19231102
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Jul 15;83(4):1169-78
references.pmid: 22704703
references.citation: Int J Radiat Biol. 2009 Feb;85(2):126-37
references.pmid: 19280465
references.citation: Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Apr;6(2):139-46
references.pmid: 17375977
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 2008 May 7;53(9):2253-65
references.pmid: 18401063
references.citation: Strahlenther Onkol. 2007 Dec;183 Spec No 2:29-31
references.pmid: 18167005
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Aug 1;68(5):1529-36
references.pmid: 17544595
references.citation: J Radiat Res. 2013 Jul;54 Suppl 1:i61-8
references.pmid: 23824129
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Mar 1;28(7):1106-11
references.pmid: 20124169
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jul 1;71(3):866-72
references.pmid: 18430521
references.citation: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012 May 29;9(7):374-5
references.pmid: 22641360
references.citation: Radiat Oncol. 2007 Jul 03;2:24
references.pmid: 17608919
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jan 1;70(1):67-74
references.pmid: 17765406
references.citation: Radiother Oncol. 2000 Jun;55(3):241-9
references.pmid: 10869739
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002 Jun 1;53(2):261-8
references.pmid: 12023128
references.citation: Radiother Oncol. 2011 Apr;99(1):37-43
references.pmid: 21458092