title: Factors associated with development of complications after endoscopic foreign body removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent endoscopic foreign body removal and the risk factors of complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 415 patients treated from January 2000 to August 2011 for suspected foreign bodies were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, endoscopic findings, clinical outcomes, and risk factors of complications were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foreign bodies were detected endoscopically in 315 patients. Fish bone fragment (36.9%) and coins (15.3%) were the most common type of foreign bodies in adults and children, respectively. Complications associated with endoscopic procedure occurred in 26 patients (8.3%); 20 of the patients were treated conservatively and the other six patients underwent surgical treatment. Perforation (14%) was the most common complication. By univariate and multivariate analysis, the risk factors associated with complication after endoscopic foreign body removal were long duration from ingestion to endoscopy ( P = 0.009) and existence of initial mucosal injury ( P = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most foreign bodies were successfully removed by endoscopy without complication, but long duration from ingestion to endoscopy and mucosal injury were risk factors of complications of endoscopic foreign body removal. Patients with these risk factors could require more careful treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyeong-Ok
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Si-Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung-Ik
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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