title: An ENU mutagenesis screen identifies novel and  known genes involved in epigenetic processes in  the mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have used a sensitized ENU mutagenesis screen to produce mouse lines that carry mutations in genes required for epigenetic regulation. We call these lines Modifiers of murine metastable epialleles (Mommes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report a basic molecular and phenotypic characterization for twenty of the Momme mouse lines, and in each case we also identify the causative mutation. Three of the lines carry a mutation in a novel epigenetic modifier, Rearranged L-myc fusion (Rlf), and one gene, Rap-interacting factor 1 (Rif1), has not previously been reported to be involved in transcriptional regulation in mammals. Many of the other lines are novel alleles of known epigenetic regulators. For two genes, Rlf and Widely-interspaced zinc finger (Wiz), we describe the first mouse mutants. All of the Momme mutants show some degree of homozygous embryonic lethality, emphasizing the importance of epigenetic processes. The penetrance of lethality is incomplete in a number of cases. Similarly ,abnormalities in phenotype seen in the heterozygous individuals of some lines occur with incomplete penetrance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent advances in sequencing enhance the power of sensitized mutagenesis screens to identify the function of previously uncharacterized factors and to discover additional functions for previously characterized proteins. The observation of incomplete penetrance of phenotypes in these inbred mutant mice, at various stages of development, is of interest. Overall, the Momme collection of mouse mutants provides a valuable resource for researchers across many disciplines.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daxinger
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Harten
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oey
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Epp
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Isbel
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Whitelaw
authors.forename: Anwyn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Apedaile
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorolla
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Vandhana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bharti
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Alyson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashe
authors.forename: Zhenyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: Marnie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Blewitt
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jeddeloh
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whitelaw
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009153:Mutagens; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C490805:Rgl2 protein, mouse; C492748:Rif1 protein, mouse; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C119196:Wiz protein, mouse; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea
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