title: Tendon tissue engineering and its role on healing of the experimentally induced large tendon defect model in rabbits: a comprehensive in vivo study.
abstract: Healing of large tendon defects is challenging. We studied the role of collagen implant with or without polydioxanone (PDS) sheath on the healing of a large Achilles tendon defect model, in rabbits. Sixty rabbits were divided into three groups. A 2 cm gap was created in the left Achilles tendon of all rabbits. In the control lesions, no implant was used. The other two groups were reconstructed by collagen and collagen-PDS implants respectively. The animals were clinically examined at weekly intervals and their lesions were observed by ultrasonography. Blood samples were obtained from the animals and were assessed for hematological analysis and determination of serum PDGF level, at 60 days post injury (DPI). The animals were then euthanized and their lesions were assessed for gross and histopathology, scanning electron microscopy, biomechanical testing, dry matter and hydroxyproline content. Another 65 pilot animals were also studied grossly and histopathologically to define the host implant interaction and graft incorporation at serial time points. The treated animals gained significantly better clinical scoring compared to the controls. Treatment with collagen and collagen-PDS implants significantly increased the biomechanical properties of the lesions compared to the control tendons at 60DPI (P<0.05). The tissue engineered implants also reduced peritendinous adhesion, muscle fibrosis and atrophy, and increased ultrasonographical echogenicity and homogenicity, maturation and differentiation of the collagen fibrils and fibers, tissue alignment and volume of the regenerated tissue compared to those of the control lesions (P<0.05). The implants were gradually absorbed and substituted by the new tendon. Implantation of the bioimplants had a significant role in initiating tendon healing and the implants were biocompatible, biodegradable and safe for application in tendon reconstructive surgery. The results of the present study may be valuable in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meimandi-Parizi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oryan
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshiri
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D003094:Collagen; D006909:Hydroxyproline
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