title: Serum adiponectin and cardiometabolic risk in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adipose tissue is considered not only a storable energy source, but mainly an endocrine organ that secretes several cytokines. Adiponectin, a novel protein similar to collagen, has been found to be an adipocyte-specific cytokine and a promising cardiovascular risk marker.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between serum adiponectin levels and the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), as well as the correlations between adiponectin and metabolic, inflammatory, and myocardial biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 114 patients with ACS and a mean 1.13-year follow-up to measure clinical outcomes. Clinical characteristics and biomarkers were compared according to adiponectin quartiles. Cox proportional hazard regression models with Firth's penalization were applied to assess the independent association between adiponectin and the subsequent risk for both primary (composite of cardiovascular death/non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI)/non-fatal stroke) and co-primary outcomes (composite of cardiovascular death/non-fatal AMI/non-fatal stroke/rehospitalization requiring revascularization).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant direct correlations between adiponectin and age, HDL-cholesterol, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and significant inverse correlations between adiponectin and waist circumference, body weight, body mass index, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index, triglycerides, and insulin. Adiponectin was associated with higher risk for primary and co-primary outcomes (adjusted HR 1.08 and 1.07/increment of 1000; p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ACS patients, serum adiponectin was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. In addition to the anthropometric and metabolic correlations, there was a significant direct correlation between adiponectin and BNP.
authors.forename: Gustavo Bernardes de Figueiredo
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: João Ítalo Dias
authors.initials: JÍ
authors.lastname: França
authors.forename: Leopoldo Soares
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Piegas
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides
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