title: Urine microRNAs as potential noninvasive biomarkers in urologic cancers.
abstract: Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. The ability of miRNAs to inhibit translation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors implies that they may be involved in carcinogenesis. Our review focuses on the potential of urinary miRNAs to serve as biomarkers of urologic cancers. We discuss in detail the recent knowledge about the origin of urinary miRNAs, their stability, quality control, and their utility as a potential new class of biomarkers in urologic cancer. Finally, we summarize the studies focusing on detection and characterization of urinary miRNAs as potential biomarkers in bladder, prostate, and kidney cancers.
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mlcochova
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hezova
authors.affiliation: Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Urologic Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanik
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: on.slaby@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Slaby
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Biomarker; Bladder cancer; Diagnosis; MicroRNA; Prostate cancer; Renal cell carcinoma; Urologic cancer; Urothelial cancer