title: A novel estrogen-regulated avian apolipoprotein.
abstract: In search for yet uncharacterized proteins involved in lipid metabolism of the chicken, we have isolated a hitherto unknown protein from the serum lipoprotein fraction with a buoyant density of ≤1.063 g/ml. Data obtained by protein microsequencing and molecular cloning of cDNA defined a 537 bp cDNA encoding a precursor molecule of 178 residues. As determined by SDS-PAGE, the major circulating form of the protein, which we designate apolipoprotein-VLDL-IV (Apo-IV), has an apparent Mr of approximately 17 kDa. Northern Blot analysis of different tissues of laying hens revealed Apo-IV expression mainly in the liver and small intestine, compatible with an involvement of the protein in lipoprotein metabolism. To further investigate the biology of Apo-IV, we raised an antibody against a GST-Apo-IV fusion protein, which allowed the detection of the 17-kDa protein in rooster plasma, whereas in laying hens it was detectable only in the isolated ≤1.063 g/ml density lipoprotein fraction. Interestingly, estrogen treatment of roosters caused a reduction of Apo-IV in the liver and in the circulation to levels similar to those in mature hens. Furthermore, the antibody crossreacted with a 17-kDa protein in quail plasma, indicating conservation of Apo-IV in avian species. In search for mammalian counterparts of Apo-IV, alignment of the sequence of the novel chicken protein with those of different mammalian apolipoproteins revealed stretches with limited similarity to regions of ApoC-IV and possibly with ApoE from various mammalian species. These data suggest that Apo-IV is a newly identified avian apolipoprotein.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Keppel St., London WC1E 7 HT, UK.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nikolay
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Plieschnig
authors.forename: Desiree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subik
authors.forename: Jeannine D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010058:Oviposition
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol
keywords: Apolipoprotein; Chicken; Estrogen; Yolk
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