title: Computer-aided parachute guiding system for closed reduction of diaphyseal fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Closed reduction is of great benefit for fracture healing. However, achieving this without sacrificing the reduction accuracy and exposing the surgeon and patient to excessive radiation is difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel parachute guiding system (ParaEx System) was developed for closed reduction of fractures based on computed tomography data. The system included two counter guides with stainless tubular markers that could be attached to the unilateral external fixator. Comminuted tibial diaphyseal fracture models were used to validate the ParaEx System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean errors (and standard deviations) of residual rotational and translational deformity were 0.67° ± 0.45°, 0.92° ± 1.00°, and 0.64° ± 0.50° in rotation and 1.30 ± 1.10 mm, 1.13 ± 0.70 mm, and 0.94 ± 0.92 mm in translation about the X, Y, and Z axes of the local coordinate axes, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ParaEx System was useful for accurate closed reduction of fractures at low cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Dajiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamoto
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murase
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: bone fracture; computer-assisted orthopedic surgery; external fixator