title: Internal mouthpiece designs as a future perspective for enhanced aerosol deposition. Comparative results for aerosol chemotherapy and aerosol antibiotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In an effort to identify factors producing a finest mist from Jet-Nebulizers we designed 2 mouthpieces with 4 different internal designs and 1-3 compartments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten different drugs previous used with their "ideal" combination of jet-nebulizer, residual-cup and loading were used. For each drug the mass median aerodynamic diameter size had been established along with their "ideal" combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both mouthpiece, drug was the most important factor due the high F-values (Flarge=251.7, p<0.001 and Fsmall=60.1, p<0.001) produced. The design affected the droplet size but only for large mouthpiece (Flarge=5.99, p=0.001, Fsmall=1.72, p=0.178). Cross designs create the smallest droplets (2.271) so differing from the other designs whose mean droplets were greater and equal ranging between 2.39 and 2.447. The number of compartments in the two devices regarding the 10 drugs was found not statistically significant (p-values 0.768 and 0.532 respectively). Interaction effects between drugs and design were statistically significant for both devices (Flarge=8.87, p<0.001, Fsmall=5.33, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our experiment we conclude that further improvement of the drugs intended for aerosol production is needed. In addition, the mouthpiece design and size play an important role in further enhancing the fine mist production and therefore further experimentation is needed.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: pzarog@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petridis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritzoulis
authors.forename: Kaid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darwiche
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porpodis
authors.forename: Dionysios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spyratos
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hohenforst-Schmidt
authors.forename: Lonny
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yarmus
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods*; D005544:Forecasting
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations
keywords: Aerosol; Aztreonam (PubChem CID: 5742832); Carboplatin (PubChem CID: 10339178); Ciprofloxacin (PubChem CID: 2764); Cisplatin (PubChem CID: 84093); Designs; Docetaxel (PubChem CID: 148124); Doxorubicin (PubChem CID: 31703); Gemcitabine (PubChem CID: 60750); Gentamycin (PubChem CID: 3467); Mouthpiece; Paclitaxel (PubChem CID: 36314); Tobramycin (PubChem CID: 36294)