title: Effect of exercise on food consumption and appetite sensations in subjects with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate appetite sensations following 60-min moderate intensity exercise and to predict energy intake in adults with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual analogue scales measured appetite sensations before and after a fixed test meal. Fasting appetite sensations, 1h post-prandial area under the curve (AUC) and the satiety quotient predicted energy intake. Two measures of energy intake were recorded: (1) following an ad libitum test lunch and (2) a 3-day self-report dietary record. Appetite sensations were assessed in a control condition (rest, C) and when two exercise sessions were performed: one associated with a free (F) blood glucose decrease and one with limited blood glucose decreases i.e. maintained (M) above 4 mmol/l by dextrose infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16 generally well-controlled (HbA1c: 7.0 ± 0.6%) subjects (12 with type 1 diabetes, 4 with type 2 diabetes) ate 1020 ± 519, 1170 ± 282 and 1020 ± 304 kcal (NS between conditions nor diabetes type) during the buffet meal following the C, F and M conditions, respectively. Exercise induced a mean blood glucose decrease of 3.7 ± 0.6 and 3.1 ± 0.6 mmol/l for the F and M conditions, respectively. The greater the blood glucose decrease, the greater the appetite sensations of hunger and prospective food consumption measured fasting and before the test meal (all p<0.05) in the whole group. One-hour post-prandial AUC for hunger and desire to eat represented the strongest predictors of ad libitum test lunch energy intake (p<0.05), especially in type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that appetite sensations are predictors of spontaneous energy intake in both diabetes type. Moderate intensity exercise for 60 min induced a positive effect by lowering blood glucose which was associated with appetite sensations. These results support the glucostatic theory of food intake control which protects against exercised-induced blood glucose declines.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Unit, Université Laval Medical Center, CRCHUL, Room TR-27, 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec City, Qc G1V 4G2, Canada; Endocrinology and Genomics, Université Laval Medical Center, Québec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: John Weisnagel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012527:Satiation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Appetite; Diabetes; Exercise; Visual analogue scales