title: Exploring the impact of skin tone on family dynamics and race-related outcomes.
abstract: Racism has historically been a primary source of discrimination against African Americans, but there has been little research on the role that skin tone plays in explaining experiences with racism. Similarly, colorism within African American families and the ways in which skin tone influences family processes is an understudied area of research. Using data from a longitudinal sample of African American families (n = 767), we assessed whether skin tone impacted experiences with discrimination or was related to differences in quality of parenting and racial socialization within families. Findings indicated no link between skin tone and racial discrimination, which suggests that lightness or darkness of skin does not either protect African Americans from or exacerbate the experiences of discrimination. On the other hand, families displayed preferential treatment toward offspring based on skin tone, and these differences varied by gender of child. Specifically, darker skin sons received higher quality parenting and more racial socialization promoting mistrust compared to their counterparts with lighter skin. Lighter skin daughters received higher quality parenting compared with those with darker skin. In addition, gender of child moderated the association between primary caregiver skin tone and racial socialization promoting mistrust. These results suggest that colorism remains a salient issue within African American families. Implications for future research, prevention, and intervention are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Antoinette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Landor
authors.forename: Leslie Gordon
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Gene H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: Chalandra M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Frederick X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Granberg
authors.forename: Janet N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Melby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000208:ethnology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations / Q000208:ethnology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D063505:Racism / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000502:physiology*; D012951:Socialization
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