title: Tongue motion patterns in post-glossectomy and typical speakers: a principal components analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the authors examined changes in tongue motion caused by glossectomy surgery. A speech task that involved subtle changes in tongue-tip positioning (the motion from /i/ to /s/) was measured. The hypothesis was that patients would have limited motion on the tumor (resected) side and would compensate with greater motion on the nontumor side in order to elevate the tongue tip and blade for /s/.
  
  
  METHODS
  Velocity fields were extracted from tagged magnetic resonance images in the left, middle, and right tongue of 3 patients and 10 controls. Principal components (PCs) analysis quantified motion differences and distinguished between the subject groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCs 1 and 2 represented variance in (a) size and independence of the tongue tip, and (b) direction of motion of the tip, body, or both. Patients and controls were correctly separated by a small number of PCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motion of the tumor slice was different between patients and controls, but the nontumor side of the patients' tongues did not show excessive or adaptive motion. Both groups contained apical and laminal /s/ users, and 1 patient created apical /s/ in a highly unusual manner.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langguth
authors.forename: Jonghye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Hegang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Prince
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005927:Glossectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
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