title: Neem derivatives are not effective as toxic bait for tephritid fruit flies.
abstract: Neem derivatives have been widely touted as replacements for pesticides. A feasible replacement of synthetic insecticides in the management of fruit flies could be to use neem products in baits. This study evaluated the bioactivity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) derivatives in bait for adults of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The estimated LCs50 values for A. fraterculus and C. capitata were 7,522 ppm (18.40 ppm of azadirachtin) and 1,368 ppm (3.35 ppm of azadirachtin), respectively, using an aqueous extract of neem seeds in bait after 10 d of experimentation. No significant differences in the mortality of A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults exposed to baits made from different extracts and neem oil were observed after 3 h or 2 or 6 d; differences among the treatments were observed only on the 10th day of the evaluation. We conclude that neem derivatives applied as a bait spray over citrus plants did not demonstrate a toxic effect on A. fraterculus and C. capitata. The reasons for the low efficacy of the neem bait on Tephritid fruit flies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Piaui State University, Fruit Fly Research Laboratory, CEP 64860-000 Uruçuí, PI, Brazil. silvamarcioalves@gmail.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: G C D
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bezerra-Silva
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vendramim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Forim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007300:Insect Control; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036701:Limonins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005989:Glycerides; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D036701:Limonins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; C002443:neem oil; C010329:azadirachtin