title: In vitro exposure of Ostrya carpinifolia and Carpinus betulus pollen to atmospheric levels of CO, O3 and SO 2.
abstract: Ostrya spp. and Carpinus spp. pollen was in vitro exposed to three atmospheric pollutants: CO, O3 and SO2. Two levels of each pollutant were used, and the first level corresponds to a concentration about the atmospheric hour-limit value acceptable for human health protection in Europe and the second level to about the triple of the first level. Experiments were done under artificial solar light with temperature and relative humidity controlled. The viability of the exposed pollen samples showed a significant decrease. Also, the germination percentage showed a significant decrease in both exposed pollens, and the effect was most pronounced for SO2, followed by O3 and CO. A general decreasing trend in the total soluble protein content of the exposed pollen samples when compared with the control was observed, but it was only statistically significant for the Ostrya spp pollen. The results showed marked effects were observed on the Ostrya spp. and Carpinus spp. pollen when exposed to air pollutant levels that can be considered safe for human health protection.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.|Departamento de Biologia e Grupo do Ambiente do Centro de Geologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Lázaro G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cuinica
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia e Grupo do Ambiente do Centro de Geologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ilda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal. jcsilva@fc.up.pt.
authors.forename: Joaquim C G Esteves
authors.initials: JCGE
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis*; D029401:Betulaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011058:Pollen; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
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