title: Systematic review of non-transportation rates and outcomes for older people who have fallen after ambulance service call-out.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence regarding non-transported older people who have fallen in relation to non-transportation rates, outcomes and impact of alternate care pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases and reference lists of included studies (up to December 2011) were systematically searched. Studies were eligible if they included data on non-transportation rates, information on outcomes or alternate care pathways for older people who have fallen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies were included. Non-transportation rates following a fall ranged from 11% to 56%. Up to 49% of non-transported people who have fallen had unplanned health-care contact within 28 days of the initial incident. Attendance by specially trained paramedics and individualised multifactorial interventions significantly reduced adverse events including subsequent falls, emergency ambulance calls, emergency department attendance and hospital admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited but promising evidence shows that appropriate interventions can improve health outcomes of non-transported older people who have fallen. Further studies are needed to explore alternate care pathways and promote more efficient use of health services.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: A Stefanie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mikolaizak
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiedemann
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: Jacqueline C T
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Close
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000552:Ambulances; D019091:Critical Pathways; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D055502:Secondary Prevention
keywords: accidental falls; aged; emergency response; fall prevention; non-transportation