title: Chandipura virus induces neuronal death through Fas-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
abstract: Chandipura virus (CHPV; genus Vesiculovirus, family Rhabdoviridae) is an emerging tropical pathogen with a case fatality rate of 55 to 75% that predominantly affects children in the age group of 2 to 16 years. Although it has been established as a neurotropic virus causing encephalitis, the molecular pathology leading to neuronal death is unknown. The present study elucidates for the first time the mechanism of cell death in neurons after CHPV infection that answers the basic cause of CHPV-mediated neurodegeneration. Through various cell death assays in vitro and in vivo, a relationship between viral replication within neuron and neuronal apoptosis has been established. We report that expression of CHPV phosphoprotein increases up to 6 h postinfection and diminishes thereafter in neuronal cell lines, signifying the replicative phase of CHPV. Various analyses conducted during the investigation established that CHPV-infected neurons are undergoing apoptosis through an extrinsic pathway mediated through the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) following activation of caspase-8 and -3 and prominent cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Knocking down the expression of caspase-3, the final executioner of apoptosis, in a neuronal cell line by endoribonuclease-prepared small interfering RNA (siRNA) validated its pivotal role in CHPV-mediated neurodegeneration by showing reduction in apoptosis after CHPV infection.
authors.affiliation: National Brain Research Center, Manesar, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Sourish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Kallol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; C412837:P protein, Chandipura virus; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D019014:fas Receptor; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8
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