title: Dimethyl sulfoxide induces oxidative stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a cryoprotectant for the preservation of cells, including yeast, and as a solvent for chemical compounds. We report that DMSO induces oxidative stress in the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae wt strain EG-103 and its mutants Δsod1, Δsod2, and Δsod1 Δsod2 were used. Yeast were subjected to the action of 1-14% DMSO for 1 h at 28 °C. DMSO induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of yeast growth, the effect being more pronounced for mutants devoid of SOD (especially Δsod1 Δsod2). Cell viability was compromised. DMSO-concentration-dependent activity loss of succinate dehydrogenase, a FeS enzyme sensitive to oxidative stress, was observed. DMSO enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species, estimated with dihydroethidine in a concentration-dependent manner, the effect being again more pronounced in mutants devoid of superoxide dismutases. The content of cellular glutathione was increased with increasing DMSO concentrations, which may represent a compensatory response. Membrane fluidity, estimated by fluorescence polarization of DPH, was decreased by DMSO. These results demonstrate that DMSO, although generally considered to be antioxidant, induces oxidative stress in yeast cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sadowska-Bartosz
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pączka
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mołoń
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartosz
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: DMSO; glutathione; reactive oxygen species; succinate dehydrogenase