title: White matter microstructure correlates of mathematical giftedness and intelligence quotient.
abstract: Recent functional neuroimaging studies have shown differences in brain activation between mathematically gifted adolescents and controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mathematical giftedness, intelligent quotient (IQ), and the microstructure of white matter tracts in a sample composed of math-gifted adolescents and aged-matched controls. Math-gifted subjects were selected through a national program based on detecting enhanced visuospatial abilities and creative thinking. We used diffusion tensor imaging to assess white matter microstructure in neuroanatomical connectivity. The processing included voxel-wise and region of interest-based analyses of the fractional anisotropy (FA), a parameter which is purportedly related to white matter microstructure. In a whole-sample analysis, IQ showed a significant positive correlation with FA, mainly in the corpus callosum, supporting the idea that efficient information transfer between hemispheres is crucial for higher intellectual capabilities. In addition, math-gifted adolescents showed increased FA (adjusted for IQ) in white matter tracts connecting frontal lobes with basal ganglia and parietal regions. The enhanced anatomical connectivity observed in the forceps minor and splenium may underlie the greater fluid reasoning, visuospatial working memory, and creative capabilities of these children.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Navas-Sánchez
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alemán-Gómez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Guzmán-De-Villoria
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Olalla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002648:Child; D002672:Child, Gifted; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D066127:White Matter / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: DTI; IQ; adolescents; corpus callosum; fractional anisotropy; fronto-parietal; intelligence; mathematical giftedness; white matter
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