title: Articular cartilage degeneration in the contralateral non-surgical temporomandibular joint in mice with a unilateral partial discectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to characterize the contralateral non-surgical temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in mice that had an opposing osteoarthrosis(OA)-like joint induced by unilateral partial discectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  TMJs on one side in mice were subjected to partial discectomy. Both surgical and contralateral non-surgical TMJs were collected at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-surgery for histological examination. The morphology of the articular cartilage of the condyle was evaluated using a scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A progression of articular cartilage degeneration was seen in the TMJs following unilateral partial discectomy, including increased proteoglycan staining in the extracellular matrix at 4 weeks, the appearance of chondrocyte clusters at 8 weeks, reduced proteoglycan staining and fibrillation at 12 weeks and the loss of articular cartilage at 16 weeks. In the contralateral non-surgical TMJs, increased proteoglycan staining occurred in the articular cartilage of the condyle at 8 weeks and continued to age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result indicated that OA-like changes in one TMJ by partial discectomy could initiate early-onset articular cartilage degeneration in the contralateral non-surgical TMJ in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Servais
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polur
authors.forename: Yefu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000601:surgery*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans
keywords: articular cartilage; contralateral; discectomy; mouse; temporomandibular
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