title: Surgically treated symptomatic prolapsed lumbar and sacral intervertebral discs in females: a comparative study of incidence and causative factors and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are various postulated possible causes of surgically symptomatic prolapsed intervertebral discs in the lumbar and sacral regions. They may be acting singularly or collectively. Yet, these factors, which could vary in different environments, have not been satisfactorily confirmed. The intention of this study is to share the experience of the author in the occurrence, possible causative factors, and treatment of surgically symptomatic prolapsed lumbar and sacral intervertebral discs in females, and to compare this experience in Switzerland, Nigeria, and Jamaica using surgery records for a period of over 39 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of these cases were examined and analyzed with the intent of comparing the frequency of occurrence and possible causative factors of this lesion in some countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 60 locations in 51 patients in Basel (Caucasian population only), 4 locations in 1 patient in Imo and Ebonyi States (African population only), and none in Jamaica (mixed population). The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 71 years in Switzerland, and the only patient in Nigeria was 49 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed that surgically treated symptomatic prolapsed lumbar and sacral intervertebral discs in females occurred more in Basel, Switzerland, than in Imo and Ebonyi States of Nigeria and none occurred in Jamaica, West Indies. Racial differences, certain sporting/recreational activities, smoking, and type of profession could have contributed to the development of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Central Medicare, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M O N
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ibe
keywords: Females; possible causes; prolapsed discs
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