title: Preliminary validation of the Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) and clinical blood pressure among patients with hypertension.
abstract: This study establishes preliminary validation of a measure that assesses hypertension self-care activities with clinical blood pressure (BP). The Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) was administered to patients with hypertension to assess levels of self-care. Patients (n=154) were predominantly female (68.6%) and black (79.2%). Greater adherence to self-care was associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP for 5 of the 6 self-care behaviors. Medication adherence was correlated with systolic BP (r=-0.19, P<.05) and weight management adherence was correlated with diastolic BP (r=-0.22, P<.05) after controlling for other covariates. Increased adherence to recommended dietary practices was strongly correlated with higher systolic (r=0.29, P<.05) and diastolic BP (r=0.32, P<.05). The H-SCALE was acceptable for use in clinical settings, and adherence to self-care was generally aligned with lower BP. Assessment of hypertension self-care is important when working with individuals to control their BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren-Findlow
authors.forename: Debra W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Basalik
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dulin
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tapp
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
references.citation: Hypertension. 2008 Jun;51(6):1420-5; discussion 1425
references.pmid: 18474829
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2000 Feb 28;160(4):481-90
references.pmid: 10695688
references.citation: Ann Epidemiol. 2012 Jun;22(6):417-25
references.pmid: 22626000
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2007 Jun;25(6):1105-87
references.pmid: 17563527
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD007185
references.pmid: 20091622
references.citation: Am J Manag Care. 2010 Aug;16(8):568-76
references.pmid: 20712390
references.citation: Hypertension. 2012 Aug;60(2):303-9
references.pmid: 22733464
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;(8):CD006742
references.pmid: 22895954
references.citation: Am J Med. 2007 Jan;120(1):26-32
references.pmid: 17208076
references.citation: JAMA. 2011 May 4;305(17):1777-85
references.pmid: 21540421
references.citation: Circulation. 2011 Feb 1;123(4):e18-e209
references.pmid: 21160056
references.citation: JAMA. 2011 Nov 23;306(20):2229-38
references.pmid: 22110105
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 May 4;56(17):420-3
references.pmid: 17476204
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2011 Jul 11;171(13):1183-91
references.pmid: 21747015
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 1997 Jan;50(1):105-16
references.pmid: 9048695
references.citation: Ann Med. 2012 Jun;44 Suppl 1:S119-26
references.pmid: 22713140
references.citation: Prev Chronic Dis. 2013;10:120088
references.pmid: 23306077
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2011 Sep 26;171(17):1552-8
references.pmid: 21949163
references.citation: Circulation. 2012 May 29;125(21):2595-602
references.pmid: 22547667
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Sep;23(9):1297-302
references.pmid: 18465175
references.citation: J Manag Care Pharm. 2006 Apr;12(3):239-45
references.pmid: 16623608
references.citation: Hypertension. 2003 Nov;42(5):878-84
references.pmid: 12975389
references.citation: Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1206-52
references.pmid: 14656957
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008 Feb 08;8:4
references.pmid: 18261219
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Feb 4;60(4):103-8
references.pmid: 21293325
references.citation: J Natl Med Assoc. 2011 Jun;103(6):503-12
references.pmid: 21830634
references.citation: J Food Sci. 2012 Sep;77(9):S307-13
references.pmid: 22957915
references.citation: JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Jan 14;173(1):54-61
references.pmid: 23229831
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2011 Sep 26;171(17):1558-9
references.pmid: 21949164
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 08;(3):CD001841
references.pmid: 19588327
references.citation: Hypertension. 2009 Mar;53(3):442-5
references.pmid: 19153264
references.citation: BMJ. 2012 Jul 09;345:e3953
references.pmid: 22777025
references.citation: Am J Hypertens. 2007 Mar;20(3):225-32
references.pmid: 17324731
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2008 Dec 15;102(12):1677-80
references.pmid: 19064023
references.citation: Obes Rev. 2012 Jun;13(6):509-17
references.pmid: 22212682