title: Noncalcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque and immune activation in HIV-infected women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about coronary plaque in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty HIV-infected and 30 non-HIV-infected women without symptoms or history of cardiovascular disease were recruited to assess coronary plaque with coronary computed tomographic angiography and immune activation. Data from 102 HIV-infected men and 41 non-HIV-infected male controls were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-infected women demonstrated significantly higher percentages of segments with noncalcified plaque (mean ± SD, 74% ± 28% vs 23% ± 39% compared to female control subjects; median [interquartile range], 75% [63%-100%] vs 0% [0%-56%]; P = .007) and more segments with noncalcified plaque (mean ± SD, 0.92 ± 1.48 vs 0.40 ± 1.44; median [interquartile range], 0 [0-2] vs 0 [0-0]; P = .04). Immune activation parameters, including soluble CD163 (sCD163; P = .006), CXCL10 (P = .002), and percentages of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes (P = .008), were higher in HIV-infected women than in female control subjects, but no differences were seen in general inflammatory markers. Among HIV-infected women with noncalcified coronary plaque, sCD163 levels were significantly higher than in HIV-infected women without noncalcified plaque (P = .04). In multivariate modeling for sCD163 levels among male and female subjects, significant effects of HIV (P < .0001), age (P = .002), and sex (P = .0002) were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young, asymptomatic, HIV-infected women, demonstrate increased noncalcified coronary plaque and increased immune activation, particularly monocyte activation. Independent effects of sex, HIV status, and aging on immune activation may contribute to cardiovascular disease in this population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00455793.
authors.affiliation: Program in Nutritional Metabolism.
authors.forename: Kathleen V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Fitch
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivasa
authors.forename: Suhny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbara
authors.forename: Tricia H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Burdo
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Peace
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eneh
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Grinspoon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: HIV; age; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; immune activation; non-calcified coronary plaque
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