title: β-Arrestins 1 and 2 are critical regulators of inflammation.
abstract: β-Arrestins 1 and 2 couple to seven trans-membrane receptors and regulate G protein-dependent signaling, receptor endocytosis and ubiquitylation. Recent studies have uncovered several unanticipated functions of β-arrestins, suggesting that the role of β-arrestins in cell signaling is much broader than originally thought. It is now recognized that β-arrestins can transduce receptor signaling independent of G proteins. The expression of β-arrestins is differentially regulated in immune cells and tissues in response to specific inflammatory stimuli, and β-arrestins are critical regulators of the inflammatory response. This review will focus on β-arrestins in immune cells and the impact of altered expression on the pathogenesis of specific inflammatory diseases. Understanding the role of β-arrestins in inflammation may lead to new strategies to treat inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA fanhong@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Hongkuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019390:Arrestins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: D019390:Arrestins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
keywords: G protein-coupled receptors; immune cells; inflammation; inflammatory diseases; β-Arrestins
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