title: Quality of life among hazardous and harmful drinkers: EQ-5D over a 1-year follow-up period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of the EQ-5D to discriminate between levels of alcohol risk in a large sample of hazardous and harmful drinkers, and to explore the relationship between transitions between alcohol risk levels and changes in EQ-5D up to 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a web-based randomised controlled trial evaluating a novel intervention for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. EQ-5D scores were compared among groups of drinkers at baseline (low/medium/high risk according to self-reported past week alcohol consumption), and changes in EQ-5D scores were estimated as a function of changes in alcohol consumption level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline EQ-5D scores were dominated by problems with anxiety/depression, which increased with alcohol risk level, whilst high-risk drinkers also experienced more problems with physical HRQoL dimensions. However, the tool demonstrated a considerable ceiling effect. At follow-up, despite considerable reductions in alcohol consumption across the sample, significant changes in aggregated EQ-5D index scores were only observed for high-risk drinkers at baseline who reduced their drinking, with small improvements (0.04-0.06) compared to those who did not reduce.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the three-option EQ-5D may not be an optimal primary end point for measuring clinical and cost-effectiveness in randomised controlled trials of interventions among hazardous and harmful alcohol users, although further testing of the sensitivity of the tool in these populations is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK, holly.essex@york.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Holly N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Essex
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Zarnie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khadjesari
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCambridge
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parrott
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godfrey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
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