title: Oxidized extracellular DNA as a stress signal that may modify response to anticancer therapy.
abstract: An increase in the levels of oxidation is a universal feature of genomic DNA of irradiated or aged or even malignant cells. In case of apoptotic death of stressed cells, oxidized DNA can be released in circulation (cfDNA). According to the results of the studies performed in vitro by our group and other researchers, the oxidized cfDNA serves as a biomarker for a stress and a stress signal that is transmitted from the "stressed" area i.e. irradiated cells or cells with deficient anti-oxidant defenses to distant (bystander) cells. In recipient cells, oxidized DNA stimulates biosynthesis of ROS that is followed up by an increase in the number of single strand and double strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs), and activation of DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway. Effects of oxidized DNA are considered similar to that of irradiation. It seems that downstream effects of irradiation, in part, depend on the release of oxidized DNA fragments that mediate the effects in distant cells. The responses of normal and tumor cell to oxidized DNA may differ. It seems that tumor cells are more sensitive to oxidized DNA-dependent DNA damage, while developing pronounced adaptive response. This may suggest that in chemotherapy or irradiation-treated human body, the release of oxidized DNA from dying cancer cells may give a boost to remaining malignant cells by augmenting their survival and stress resistance. Further studies of the effects of oxidized DNA in both in vitro and in vivo systems are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glebova
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veiko
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kostyuk
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Izhevskaya
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of System Biology, MSN3E1, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. Electronic address: abaranov@gmu.edu.
authors.forename: Ancha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baranova
mesh_terms: D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004247:DNA
keywords: Bystander effect; Chemotherapy; Extracellular DNA; Oxidized DNA; Stress signaling