title: Synthesis and characterization of new derivatives of alginic acid and evaluation of their iron(III)-crosslinked beads as potential controlled release matrices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The excellent gelling and safety profiles of alginic acid combined, however, with drawbacks of its ionotropically crosslinked beads (i.e. their quick release of loaded drugs) prompted us to chemically modify alginic acid.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Alginic acid was chemically conjugated with four amines of varying hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties (i.e. tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-, allyl-, benzyl- or pentyl-amines) in an attempt to enhance the drug release profiles from respective metal crosslinked beads.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemical conjugation procedures were performed using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coupling agent and the resulting new derivatives were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These modified polymers were used to prepare iron (III)-crosslinked beads loaded with folic acid as model drug, which were tested in vitro to assess their folic acid release profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interestingly, the resulting beads accessed enteric release kinetics, with tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-amide alginic conjugate producing most pronounced enteric profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest the possibility of achieving controlled drug release from alginate-based beads via facile chemical modification of alginic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy .
authors.forename: Samer R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Abulateefeh
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khanfar
authors.forename: Ramia Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Al Bakain
authors.forename: Mutasem O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Taha
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / Q000737:chemistry; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000588:Amines; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006397:Hematinics; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005492:Folic Acid; D007501:Iron