title: Association between pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections disease and tumor necrosis factor-α gene-308 g/a, -850 c/t polymorphisms in 4-12-year-old children in Adana/Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) is a newly defined disease in neuropsychiatry and occurs with an autoimmune mechanism after Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) infection. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), encoded by TNF-α gene has an important role in the apoptotic mechanisms of autoimmune diseases. Recently, TNF-α polymorphisms and autoimmune/psychiatric disorders have been reported to be related. In this regard, we focused on to investigate a possible relation between the TNF-α gene promoter region-308 G/A and - 850 C/T polymorphisms and PANDAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, ages of PANDAS patient and control groups were ranging from 4 years to 12-year-old. Patient group includes childhood onset PANDAS patients (n = 42) and control group includes healthy children (n = 58). Diagnoses have been carried out according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV) criteria with Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime (KSAD-S-PL) and Children Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Moreover, PANDAS criteria established by the American National Psychiatry Institute have been employed for diagnoses. For identifying polymorphisms; Polymerase Chain Reaction, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Polyacrylamid Gel Electrophoresis were used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For -308 polymorphism, 37 of 42 PANDAS patients' results and for -850 C/T polymorphism, 38 of 42 PANDAS patients' results were obtained. According to our statistical analysis there is a positive relationship between PANDAS patients for -308 G/A polymorphism but not for -850 C/T polymorphism. There is no positive relationship between -308 G/A polymorphism and antistrep-tolysin O (ASO) titers and no relationship between -850 C/T polymorphism and ASO titers. We found, however, positive relationship between genders of patients (boys) and the disease. According to our results, we propose that the AA polymorphism of -308 G/A polymorphism can be used as a molecular indicator for PANDAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Balcali Hospital, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: H Umit
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Luleyap
authors.forename: Dilge
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Onatoglu
authors.forename: M Bertan
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Davut
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alptekin
authors.forename: Aysegul Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Tahiroglu
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetiner
authors.forename: Ayfer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pazarbasi
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comertpay
keywords: Autoimmune; pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal; polymorphism; streptococcus; tumor necrosis factor-α gene
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