title: Changes in Heligmosomoides polygyrus glycoprotein pattern by saponins impact the BALB/c mice immune response.
abstract: Saponins of marigold (Calendula officinalis), in particular derivatives of 3-O-monoglucuronide of oleanolic acid, are able to reduce infectivity of Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice. The purpose of this study was to understand the immune activation provoked by third-stage larvae exposed to marigold glucuronides. We also examined the pattern of glycosylation of larval antigens which appeared to be crucial for induction of cytokine production in BALB/c mice; higher concentrations of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF-α were observed in serum or intestine one week post infection. Three weeks later, in the chronic phase of infection, cells in culture were able to produce IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17. Restimulation of cells with H. polygyrus antigen resulted in reduced production of IL-6, and TNF-α. The pattern of cytokine production co-existed with reduced expression of terminal glucose, α-linked mannose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, β-galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine and α-fucose in several protein bands. Galactose, as a new terminal carbohydrate residue appeared in 20-24kDa protein bands. The number of immunogenic epitopes in parasitic antigens was reduced; only three protein bands of 56, 26 and 12kDa were recognized by IgG1. These studies provide a model system to find the glycosylated molecules expressed on nematodes that improve establishment and survival and characterize cytokine production in mice infected with larvae exposed to saponin. Identification of these molecules is the first step in the recognition of key antigenic epitopes able to induce protective or tolerogenic immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: m.doligalska@biol.uw.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doligalska
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joźwicka
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laskowska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donskow-Łysoniewska
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pączkowski
authors.forename: Wirginia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Janiszowska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009351:Nematospiroides dubius / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D031686:Tagetes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D020719:Glucuronides; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007106:Immune Sera; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D009828:Oleanolic Acid
keywords: Calendula officinalis; Glycoproteins immunology; Heligmosomoides polygyrus; Immune induction; Saponins