title: Surgery with postoperative radiotherapy for pN2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Factors that affected prognosis were T stage and extracapsular spread in patients that underwent primary surgery with postoperative radiotherapy for pN2 head and neck carcinoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine treatment outcomes and define prognostic factors for pN2 head and neck carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 209 patients underwent surgery with postoperative radiotherapy between 1994 and 2011. Primary tumor sites were the oropharynx (n = 70), hypopharynx (n = 48), larynx (n = 47), and oral cavity (n = 44). There were 21, 83, 60, and 45 patients with stage T1 to T4 cancers, respectively. The N stages were 20 N2a, 129 N2b, and 60 N2c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recurrence rate was 40% (83/209) over a mean observation period of 39 months. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) rates in our cohort were 44%, 60%, and 56%, respectively. The presence of advanced T stage or extracapsular spread had a significant adverse effect on 5-year DFS, DSS, and OS rates according to Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the significant association between 5-year DSS rate and advanced T stage (hazard ratio (HR), 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-3.82; p = 0.005) and extracapsular spread (HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.24-4.21; p = 0.008).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Kwang-Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jun-Ook
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: In-Chul
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Chung-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Min-Sik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult