title: Effects of n-3 PUFA on the CD4⁺ type 2 helper T-cell-mediated immune responses in Fat-1 mice.
abstract: METHODS
  It has been suggested that n-3 PUFA can be used as a preventive or therapeutic strategy to control allergic asthma. But little is known about the exact mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA modulates it. Here, the effects of elevated n-3 PUFA on ovalbumin (OVA) induced airway inflammation were investigated using Fat-1 transgenic mice that can convert n-6 PUFA to n-3 PUFA endogenously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, we tested whether Fat-1 expression modulates CD4⁺ T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro and found that the Fat-1 expression attenuated all of these CD4⁺ T-cell responses by suppression of T-cell receptor mediated signaling and cytokine-mediated phosphorylation of STATs. When the Fat-1 mice were sensitized and challenged with the OVA, they showed a significant decrease in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into airway, the production of Th2 cytokines, eotaxin, and mucin in the lung, and the concentration of OVA-specific IgE in the serum. Furthermore, the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into Th2 was also decreased in the spleen of Fat-1 mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that an elevated level of n-3 PUFA was effective in preventing allergic airway inflammation by modulating the activation and differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells in Fat-1 mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Kyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sang-Myeong
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000517:prevention & control; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000009:adverse effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D016207:Cytokines; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; C502406:fat1 protein, mouse; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: Asthma; Fat-1; Th2 cytokine; n-3 PUFA