title: Sphingomyelinase activity of Trichomonas vaginalis extract and subfractions.
abstract: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common acute sexually transmitted curable diseases, and it is disseminated worldwide generating more than 170 million cases annually. Trichomonas vaginalis is the parasite that causes trichomoniasis and has the ability to destroy cell monolayers of the vaginal mucosa in vitro. Sphingomyelinases (SMase) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine. Ceramide appears to be a second messenger lipid in programmed apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Sphingomyelinase is probably a major source of ceramide in cells. Signal transduction mediated by ceramide leads cells to produce cytokine induced apoptosis during several inflammatory responses. SMase are also relevant toxins in several microorganisms. The main objective of this research is to identify SMase activity of T. vaginalis in the total extract (TE), P30, and S30 subfractions from brooked trophozoites. It was found that these fractions of T. vaginalis have SMase activity, which comes principally from P30 subfraction and was mainly type C. Enzymatic activity of SMase increased linearly with time and is pH dependent with two peaks by pH 5.5 and pH 7.5. The addition of manganese to the reaction mixture increased the SMase activity by 1.97.
authors.affiliation: División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correo No. 4, 2 de abril 501 Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, NL, Mexico ; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 4500 Pte, 66238 San Pedro Garza García, NL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González-Salazar
authors.forename: Jesús N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Garza-González
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Luna
authors.forename: Benito David
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mata-Cárdenas
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carranza-Rosales
authors.forename: Jorge Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Castro-Garza
authors.forename: Magda Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hernández-García
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas-Villarreal
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002518:Ceramides / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000737:chemistry; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase
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