title: Blood pressure and mortality in U.S. veterans with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ideal blood pressure (BP) to decrease mortality rates in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of BP (defined as the combination of systolic BP [SBP] and diastolic BP [DBP] at the individual level) with death in patients with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Historical cohort between 2005 and 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  All U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  651 749 U.S. veterans with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  All possible combinations of SBP and DBP were examined in 96 categories from lowest (<80/<40 mm Hg) to highest (>210/>120 mm Hg), in 10-mm Hg increments. Associations with all-cause mortality were examined in time-dependent Cox models with adjustment for relevant confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with SBP of 130 to 159 mm Hg combined with DBP of 70 to 89 mm Hg had the lowest adjusted mortality rates, and those in whom both SBP and DBP were concomitantly very high or very low had the highest mortality rates. Patients with moderately elevated SBP combined with DBP no less than 70 mm Hg had consistently lower mortality rates than did patients with ideal SBP combined with DBP less than 70 mm Hg. Results were consistent in subgroups of patients with normal and elevated urinary microalbumin-creatinine ratios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mostly male patients, inability to establish causality, and large number of patients missing proteinuria measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal BP in patients with CKD seems to be 130 to 159/70 to 89 mm Hg. It may not be advantageous to achieve ideal SBP at the expense of lower-than-ideal DBP in adults with CKD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
authors.forename: Csaba P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kovesdy
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bleyer
authors.forename: Miklos Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.forename: Jennie Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: L Darryl
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Quarles
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalantar-Zadeh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
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