title: Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 modulate TLRs mediated signaling to induce immunity by chicken BMDCs.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play a critical role to activate immune response. They may be targeted for immunomodulation by microbes, including probiotics. In this study, chicken bone marrow dendrite cells (chi-BMDCs) were stimulated with lipopolysachride (LPS), Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb), Bacillus subtilis B10 (Bs), co-culture of Sb + Bs and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a control group (Ctr) at 3, 6, and 12 h intervals. Results revealed that treatment groups modulated the phenotype and biological functions of chi-BMDCs. Scan electron microscopy showed attachment of probiotics on the surface of chi-BMDCs. Additionally transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed efficiently engulfing and degradation of probiotics. Gene expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 up-regulated in stimulated groups. Furthermore, toll-like receptors TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and chicken specific TLR15 expressions were improved and downstream associated factors MyD88, TRAF6, TAB1, and NFκ-B mRNA levels increased in all treatment groups as compared to control. Surprisingly, NFκ-B response was noted significant higher in LPS treatment among all groups. Moreover, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-4, TGF-β, and IL-10 production levels were found higher, and lower concentration of INF-γ and IL-8 were observed in Sb, Bs, and Sb + Bs treatment groups. In contrast, LPS groups showed prominent increase in IL-12, INF-γ, and IL-8 concentration levels as compared to control group. Altogether, these results emphasize a potentially important role of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 in modulating immunological functions of chi-BMDCs by targeting specific toll like receptors (TLRs) and associated factors. The role of probiotics on chi-BMDCs functionality in a non-mammalian species have been presented for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Sciences, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Imran Rashid
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Rajput
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Ya Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Mao Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Dong Yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Wei Fen
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012440:Saccharomyces; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: DCs; IMMUNITY; PROBIOTICS; SIGNALING; TLRs