title: Secular trends in echocardiographic left ventricular mass in the community: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate secular trends in echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass (LVM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal community-based cohort study in Framingham, Massachussetts. LVM was calculated from routine echocardiography in 4320 participants (52% women) of the Framingham offspring cohort at examination cycles 4 (1987-1991), 5 (1991-1995), 6 (1995-1998) and 8 (2005-2008), totalling 13 971 person-observations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sex-specific trends in mean LVM (and its components, LV diastolic diameter (LVDD) and LV wall thickness (LVWT)), and LVM indexed to body surface area (BSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, age-adjusted LVM modestly increased from examination 4 to 8 (192 g to 198 g, p-trend=0.0005), whereas, in women it decreased from 147 g at examination 4 to 140 g at examination 8 (p-trend<0.0001). The trend for increasing LVM in men tracked with an increasing LVDD (p-trend=0.0002), whereas the decline in LVM in women was accompanied by a decrease in LVWT (p-trend<0.0001). Indexing LVM to BSA abolished the increasing trend in men (p-trend=0.49), whereas, the decreasing trend in women was maintained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our longitudinal analysis of a large community-based sample spanning two decades, we observed sex-related differences in trends in LVM, with a modest increase of LVM in men (likely attributable to increasing body size), but a decrease in women. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the basis for these sex-related differences.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, , Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Bernhard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kaess
authors.forename: Philimon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gona
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aragam
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kenchaiah
authors.forename: Emelia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics
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