title: Combination of extracts from Aristolochia cymbifera with streptomycin as a potential antibacterial drug.
abstract: The appearance of new antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a societal problem that requires the development of new alternative treatments. Therefore, this work evaluated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic (EHI), dichloromethanic (EDI) and hexanic (EHE) extracts from Aristolochia cymbifera stems and the combination of these extracts with an antimicrobial drug to develop a new antibacterial therapy. The EDI, EHE and EHI extracts were obtained by maceration using three different solvents. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these extracts were determined using the microdilution test to determine the antibacterial potential of these extracts and their combination with streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri. The extract dose leading to the cytotoxicity of 50% of the cells (CC50) was evaluated using mammalian cells MA104 and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. The extracts had a MIC under 500 mg/L and a CC50 lower than 50 mg/L. The antibiotic/extract proportion influenced the antibacterial activity of the mixtures, and the proportion that optimized the antibacterial activity of streptomycin was a mixture that contained 75 percent of extract. This composition included less than 6.5 mg/L of extract and 2.5 mg/L of streptomycin and has potential as a new antibacterial therapy.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET-DPCFC), Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais Brazil.
authors.forename: Willer F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Samyra G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cecílio
authors.forename: Cintia Lb
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Jaqueline Ms
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Antonio H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tótola
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Magalhaes
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Aristolochia cymbifera; Cytotoxicity; Drug discovery; Natural products; Synergism
references.citation: Gut Pathog. 2012 Oct 03;4(1):11
references.pmid: 23034184
references.citation: Biom J. 2005 Jun;47(3):299-308
references.pmid: 16053254
references.citation: Nat Prod Rep. 2000 Jun;17(3):215-34
references.pmid: 10888010
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2012 Dec;168(8):2285-96
references.pmid: 23070715
references.citation: J Proteomics. 2013 Apr 26;82:141-54
references.pmid: 23459212
references.citation: Pain. 2002 Jul;98(1-2):163-8
references.pmid: 12098628
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 2000 Mar;88(3):504-11
references.pmid: 10747231
references.citation: J Emerg Med. 2013 Jun;44(6):e397-412
references.pmid: 23466022
references.citation: Phytother Res. 2005 Jun;19(6):519-25
references.pmid: 16114081
references.citation: Am J Med. 2006 Jun;119(6 Suppl 1):S3-10; discussion S62-70
references.pmid: 16735149
references.citation: J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:618081
references.pmid: 21941436
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 2010 Jul;24(1):141-53
references.pmid: 20514455
references.citation: Arch Oral Biol. 2008 Jun;53(6):545-52
references.pmid: 18243157
references.citation: Nat Prod Rep. 2004 Oct;21(5):594-624
references.pmid: 15459757
references.citation: J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Jan;23(1):85-7
references.pmid: 23314372
references.citation: Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2009 Jan;10(1):106-21
references.pmid: 19149593
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Mar;17(3):408-12
references.pmid: 11865085
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1987 Sep;56(3):279-85
references.pmid: 3663476
references.citation: Molecules. 2011 Nov 18;16(11):9611-9
references.pmid: 22101836
references.citation: J Appl Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;70(4):279-90
references.pmid: 2055789
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Aug 22;100(1-2):80-4
references.pmid: 15964727
references.citation: AAPS J. 2006 Apr 14;8(2):E239-53
references.pmid: 16796374
references.citation: Planta Med. 2010 Sep;76(13):1454-6
references.pmid: 20301059
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2000 Jun 8;342(23):1686-92
references.pmid: 10841870
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004 Feb;28(1):43-58
references.pmid: 14975529
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(4):664-76
references.pmid: 12969278
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Aug;42(8):3626-34
references.pmid: 15297508
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Jul;60(3):873-80
references.pmid: 4875806