title: Self-serving episodic memory biases: findings in the repressive coping style.
abstract: Individuals with a repressive coping style self-report low anxiety, but show high defensiveness and high physiological arousal. Repressors have impoverished negative autobiographical memories and are better able to suppress memory for negatively valenced and self-related laboratory materials when asked to do so. Research on spontaneous forgetting of negative information in repressors suggests that they show significant forgetting of negative items, but only after a delay. Unknown is whether increased forgetting after a delay is potentiated by self-relevance. Here we asked in three experiments whether repressors would show reduced episodic memories for negative self-relevant information when tested immediately versus after a 2-day delay. We predicted that repressors would show an exaggerated reduction in recall of negative self-relevant memories after a delay, at least without anew priming of this information. We tested a total of 300 participants (experiment 1: N = 95, experiment 2: N = 106; experiment 3: N = 99) of four types: repressors, high-anxious (HA), low-anxious, and defensive HA individuals. Participants judged positive and negative adjectives with regard to self-descriptiveness, serving as incidental encoding. Surprise free-recall was conducted immediately after encoding (experiment 1), after a 2-day delay (experiment 2), or after a 2-day delay following priming via a lexical decision task (experiment 3). In experiment 1, repressors showed a bias against negative self-relevant words in immediate recall. Such a bias was neither observed in delayed recall without priming nor in delayed recall with priming. Thus, counter to our hypothesis, negative information that was initially judged as self-relevant was not forgotten at a higher rate after a delay in repressors. We suggest that repressors may reinterpret initially negative information in a more positive light after a delay, and therefore no longer experience the need to bias their recall after a delay.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada.
authors.forename: Lauren L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Alston
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratchmer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeznach
authors.forename: Nathan T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Patrick S R
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
keywords: delay; memory; repressive coping style; self-relevance; valence
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