title: Cultural relevance of the quality-of-life tools for people with kidney failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many tools are used to examine the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with kidney disease, but little is known about how culturally relevant they are and why one should utilise one tool over another. As part of a larger study on the QOL of dialysis patients in United Arab Emirates, the cultural relevance of two tools (SF-36 and the QOL Index) was examined. This paper suggests a model to establish cultural relevance of QOL tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive comparative survey design using a mixed method design was used in 2007 to study the QOL of 161 patients on dialysis and 350 people from the community. The cultural relevance of each tool was assessed by (i) examining missed questions, (ii) asking respondents about the cultural relevance of each tool, (iii) asking respondents what questions could be added or deleted to make the tools more culturally relevant and (iv) asking respondents to identify the factors that might contribute to their QOL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of respondents, 94.7% from the dialysis sample and 90.4% from the community sample considered both tools culturally relevant. The QOL Index tool had more missing data. Many of the themes generated from the analysis of the qualitative data were addressed by the subscales of both tools. Themes not addressed by either tool were concerned with values, safety and country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultural adaptation of QOL tools needs to follow well-established guidelines. The target population should be involved in establishing the cultural relevance of QOL tools.
authors.affiliation: Office of Academic Affairs, Dhahran Healthcare Center, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdelbasit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D014479:United Arab Emirates
keywords: Culture; Dialysis; Quality of life; SF-36