title: Global transcriptome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in response to innate immune cells.
abstract: The potent phagocytic and microbicidal activities of neutrophils and macrophages are among the first lines of defense against bacterial infections. Yet Staphylococcus aureus is often resistant to innate immune defense mechanisms, especially when organized as a biofilm. To investigate how S. aureus biofilms respond to macrophages and neutrophils, gene expression patterns were profiled using Affymetrix microarrays. The addition of macrophages to S. aureus static biofilms led to a global suppression of the biofilm transcriptome with a wide variety of genes downregulated. Notably, genes involved in metabolism, cell wall synthesis/structure, and transcription/translation/replication were among the most highly downregulated, which was most dramatic at 1 h compared to 24 h following macrophage addition to biofilms. Unexpectedly, few genes were enhanced in biofilms after macrophage challenge. Unlike coculture with macrophages, coculture of S. aureus static biofilms with neutrophils did not greatly influence the biofilm transcriptome. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that S. aureus biofilms differentially modify their gene expression patterns depending on the leukocyte subset encountered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Scherr
authors.forename: Christelle M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angle
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dunman
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kielian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C095698:Agr protein, Staphylococcus aureus; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D037521:Virulence Factors
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2006 Mar;6(3):173-82
references.pmid: 16498448
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2003 Jun;48(6):1429-49
references.pmid: 12791129
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2012 Sep;33(26):5967-82
references.pmid: 22695065
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2004 Oct;72(10):5687-92
references.pmid: 15385467
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Aug;157(2):216-24
references.pmid: 19604261
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2007 Oct;219:88-102
references.pmid: 17850484
references.citation: Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1487
references.pmid: 11859186
references.citation: J Immunol. 2002 Sep 1;169(5):2727-35
references.pmid: 12193747
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Nov 1;41(21):7570-5
references.pmid: 18044543
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Jul;120(1):13-22
references.pmid: 17606031
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2011 May;89(5):675-83
references.pmid: 21169518
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2004 Apr;75(4):604-11
references.pmid: 14694182
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2010 Jan;87(1):93-106
references.pmid: 20052802
references.citation: Front Immunol. 2012 Jul 04;3:174
references.pmid: 22783254
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Jul;186(14):4665-84
references.pmid: 15231800
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42476
references.pmid: 22879997
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 2010 Jan;28(1):55-61
references.pmid: 19610092
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Feb 10;7(2):e1001287
references.pmid: 21347352
references.citation: J Immunol. 2011 Jun 1;186(11):6585-96
references.pmid: 21525381
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2001 Dec;183(24):7341-53
references.pmid: 11717293
references.citation: J Immunol. 2005 Sep 15;175(6):3907-19
references.pmid: 16148137
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2002 Feb;70(2):470-80
references.pmid: 11796572
references.citation: J Innate Immun. 2010;2(6):546-59
references.pmid: 20829608
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2007 May;45(5):1379-88
references.pmid: 17329452
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:693-733
references.pmid: 19302050
references.citation: Front Immunol. 2013 Jan 11;3:420
references.pmid: 23335924
references.citation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 May 08;2:62
references.pmid: 22919653
references.citation: Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1532-5
references.pmid: 15001782
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 24;109(4):1281-6
references.pmid: 22232686
references.citation: Immunity. 2011 May 27;34(5):637-50
references.pmid: 21616434
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005 Jul;18(3):521-40
references.pmid: 16020688
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2004 May;28(2):183-200
references.pmid: 15109784
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2008 Apr 25;4(4):e1000052
references.pmid: 18437240
references.citation: Future Microbiol. 2013 Jun;8(6):693-6
references.pmid: 23701324
references.citation: J Immunol. 2013 Mar 1;190(5):2159-68
references.pmid: 23365077
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2013 Jul;21(7):313-5
references.pmid: 23684152
references.citation: Nat Med. 2013 Mar;19(3):364-7
references.pmid: 23396209
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2006 Oct;188(19):6739-56
references.pmid: 16980476
references.citation: J Orthop Res. 2011 Oct;29(10):1621-6
references.pmid: 21445990
references.citation: Semin Immunopathol. 2012 Mar;34(2):237-59
references.pmid: 22080185
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Jan 1;180(1):500-9
references.pmid: 18097052
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Jun 25;7(6):423-4
references.pmid: 20542245
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2011 May;79(5):1927-35
references.pmid: 21402769
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1241:104-21
references.pmid: 22191529
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Apr;15(2):167-93
references.pmid: 11932229
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(11):e1003016
references.pmid: 23209405
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Nov;186(22):7549-55
references.pmid: 15516566
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2006 Aug;61(4):927-39
references.pmid: 16859493
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Apr 15;6(4):e18617
references.pmid: 21525981