title: Autograft, allograft and bone substitutes in reconstructive orthopedic surgery.
abstract: Reconstruction of bone defects is a challenge for all orthopedic surgeons worldwide; to overcome this problem there are different options: the use of autografts, allografts and bone substitutes (BSs) to enhance and accelerate bone repair. Autografts have excellent biological properties but are associated with morbidity of the donor site and are restricted in volume. Allografts are available in adequate quantity but concerns still remain about the risk of infections, moreover they do not have osteogenetic properties. Bone substitutes have different indications and are very attractive for orthopedic surgeons. The present paper briefly reviews the advantages and disadvantages of autografts, allografts and BSs for bone reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy, chgenio@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiarello
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadossi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capra
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calamelli
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shehu
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064591:Allografts; D064592:Autografts; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D016348:Osseointegration; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes