title: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity predicts decline in renal function and cardiovascular events in early stages of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the predictive capacity of the brachial-ankle aortic pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, for the decline in renal function and for cardiovascular events in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-one patients who underwent a comprehensive check-up were included and were divided into two groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR): patients with CKD categories G2, G3a and G3b (30 ≤ eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m(2), eGFR < 90 group; n=117) and those with eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (eGFR ≥ 90 group; n=124). The change in renal function, the eGFR change, was determined by the slope of eGFR against time. We analysed whether baPWV was associated with eGFR change or predicted cardiovascular events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  baPWV was independently associated with eGFR change in a multivariate analysis of the total patients (β=-0.011, p=0.011) and remained significantly associated with eGFR change in a subgroup analysis of the eGFR < 90 group (β=-0.015, p=0.035). baPWV was independently associated with cardiovascular events (odds ratio=1.002, p=0.048) in the eGFR < 90 group, but not in the eGFR ≥ 90 group. The receiver operative characteristic curve analysis showed that 1,568 cm/sec was the cut-off value of baPWV for predicting CV events in the eGFR < 90 group (area under curve=0.691, p=0.03) CONCLUSIONS: In patients with early stages of CKD, baPWV was independently associated with the decline in renal function and short-term cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; ; 2. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital;
authors.forename: Hye Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Dong Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sung Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Sil
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Hyeon Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sungjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Seok Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: arterial stiffness; cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; pulse wave velocity.
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