title: Dental sealants and composite restorations and longitudinal changes in immune function markers in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resins used in dental composites, derived from bisphenol-A (BPA), have been shown to alter immune cells. The objective of this study was to explore children's immune function changes in relation to resin composite treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted secondary data analysis of the New England Children's Amalgam Trial immune function substudy (N = 59). Immune function was measured pre-treatment and up to five times post-treatment through 5-year follow-up. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to estimate the association between three classes of resin composites (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-dimethacrylate [BisGMA]-based flowables used for preventive sealants; urethane dimethacrylate [UDMA]-based compomer restorations; bisGMA-based restorations) and changes in immune function markers measured annually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total white blood cell counts and responsiveness of T cells or neutrophils were not appreciably altered by composite treatment levels. Changes in B cell responsiveness were greater throughout follow-up among children with more bisGMA-based composite restorations, which opposed findings for amalgam treatment levels. Monocyte responsiveness changes were decreased at 6 months with greater treatment, but not over longer follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this analysis showed no overt immune function alterations associated with resin composites. Additional research regarding lymphocyte activation may be warranted given the consistency of results within these analyses and with a prior study showing increased B cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA, USA; Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Maserejian
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shrader
authors.forename: Olivia A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Felicia L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Trachtenberg
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soncini
authors.forename: Russ
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Shenker
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D003188:Composite Resins; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003188:Composite Resins; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants
references.citation: Allergy. 2006 Nov;61(11):1326-35
references.pmid: 17002710
references.citation: Life Sci. 2005 Oct 7;77(21):2643-55
references.pmid: 15961118
references.citation: Neurotoxicology. 2012 Oct;33(5):1291-7
references.pmid: 22906860
references.citation: Clin Lab Haematol. 1997 Mar;19(1):1-15
references.pmid: 9146941
references.citation: J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Nov;139(11):1496-505
references.pmid: 18978388
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2012 Aug;130(2):e328-38
references.pmid: 22802599
references.citation: J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Mar;137(3):353-62
references.pmid: 16570469
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43378
references.pmid: 22916252
references.citation: Immunology. 2004 Jul;112(3):489-95
references.pmid: 15196218
references.citation: J Asthma. 2010 Sep;47(7):822-9
references.pmid: 20707763
references.citation: J Am Dent Assoc. 1999 Feb;130(2):201-9
references.pmid: 10036843
references.citation: Dent Mater. 2004 Nov;20(9):839-45
references.pmid: 15451239
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):760-8
references.pmid: 20819896
references.citation: Clin Oral Investig. 1999 Sep;3(3):144-9
references.pmid: 10803126
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Apr;116(4):514-9
references.pmid: 18414636
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2005 May;26(14):1713-9
references.pmid: 15576145
references.citation: Acta Odontol Scand. 1999 Dec;57(6):316-22
references.pmid: 10777134
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Dec;119(12):1788-93
references.pmid: 21831745
references.citation: Dent Mater. 2011 Aug;27(8):723-47
references.pmid: 21664675
references.citation: J Appl Oral Sci. 2008 Jul-Aug;16(4):297-301
references.pmid: 19089264
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Nov;112(5):973-80
references.pmid: 14610491
references.citation: Public Health Rep. 2007 Sep-Oct;122(5):657-63
references.pmid: 17877313
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Jun 1;177(11):1263-70
references.pmid: 23558351
references.citation: Int J Mol Sci. 2009 Sep 04;10(9):3861-99
references.pmid: 19865523
references.citation: Pediatr Res. 2007 Jul;62(1):60-4
references.pmid: 17515845
references.citation: Environ Health. 2012 Oct 19;11:79
references.pmid: 23083070
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Jan 13;5(1):e8673
references.pmid: 20084273
references.citation: Circulation. 2012 Mar 27;125(12):1482-90
references.pmid: 22354940
references.citation: J Dent Res. 2006 Oct;85(10):870-7
references.pmid: 16998124
references.citation: J Am Dent Assoc. 1998 May;129(5):567-77
references.pmid: 9601169
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Apr;138(7):1271-6
references.pmid: 12711627
references.citation: Control Clin Trials. 2003 Dec;24(6):795-814
references.pmid: 14662283
references.citation: J Dent Biomech. 2010;2010:
references.pmid: 20948573
references.citation: Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Aug-Sep;24(2):199-224
references.pmid: 17683900
references.citation: JAMA. 2006 Apr 19;295(15):1775-83
references.pmid: 16622139
references.citation: J Dent Res. 2012 Nov;91(11):1019-25
references.pmid: 22972857
references.citation: Toxicology. 1997 Dec 31;124(3):211-24
references.pmid: 9482123
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Sep;118(9):1286-91
references.pmid: 20494855
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2010 Mar;31(8):2010-4
references.pmid: 20004467
references.citation: Arch Toxicol. 2011 Nov;85(11):1453-61
references.pmid: 20878393
references.citation: Toxicol Sci. 2004 Sep;81(1):139-47
references.pmid: 15166399
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Feb;97(2):E223-7
references.pmid: 22090277
references.citation: J Immunol. 2005 Feb 15;174(4):2228-34
references.pmid: 15699156
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2003 Jun 20;309(1-3):253-5
references.pmid: 12798108
references.citation: Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1992;14(3):539-53
references.pmid: 1517533
references.citation: JAMA. 2012 Sep 19;308(11):1113-21
references.pmid: 22990270
references.citation: MMWR Surveill Summ. 2005 Aug 26;54(3):1-43
references.pmid: 16121123