title: Cuticular drusen: stars in the sky.
abstract: Cuticular drusen is a specific clinical subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This subtype of AMD has an earlier age at onset, a stronger familial component, and genetic factors play a more prominent role in its development than in the general AMD population. In this review, we describe the clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of cuticular drusen, as well as systemic associations including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II. We discuss recent genetic and pathophysiological insights, and future therapeutic perspectives are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: C.Boon@ohk.umcn.nl.
authors.forename: Camiel J F
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Johannes P H
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van de Ven
authors.forename: Carel B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hoyng
authors.forename: Anneke I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: den Hollander
authors.forename: B Jeroen
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Klevering
mesh_terms: D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003165:Complement System Proteins
keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Complement system; Cuticular drusen; Drusen; Genetics