title: Comparison of post-operative intravesical recurrence and oncological outcomes after open versus laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate intravesical recurrence and oncological outcomes after open or laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study comprised 122 patients diagnosed UUT-UC and subsequently nephroureterectomy was performed on. Several clinical and pathological parameters were emphasized for comparison of clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 122 patients with UUT-UC, 101 (82.8 %) and 21 (17.2 %) underwent open or laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (ONU or LNU), respectively. In univariable and multivariable Cox regression models, the surgical procedure exerted an impact neither on post-operative intravesical recurrence rate (p = 0.179 and 0.213, respectively) nor on cancer-specific mortality rate (p = 0.561 and 0.159, respectively). The 1-, 2- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of patients undergoing ONU or LNU were 92.1 versus 95.2 %, 87.1 versus 90.5 %, 79.2 versus 85.7 %, respectively, and the Kaplan–Meier plot illustrated that patients from two groups enjoyed an equivalent survival rate (p = 0.559). Moreover, we added that previous history of bladder tumor and pre-operative hydronephrosis was associated with intravesical recurrence, whereas three prognostic factors, including pathological tumor stage, grade, and lymphovascular invasion, showed possibility to be predictors of cancer-specific mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There existed no significant difference of intravesical recurrence and CSS between patients after ONU and LNU. Conclusively, laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy did not present superiority to open management for patients with UUT-UC.
authors.forename: Lujia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haowen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
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