title: Long-term clinical effect of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontal treatment: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: Mechanical removal of microbial biofilm dental plaque from tooth surfaces is important for treatment of periodontal diseases. However, the effectiveness of conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) is affected by the local conditions and residual bacteria which may affect the healing process. We performed a randomized clinical trial to test our hypothesis that adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus SRP has significant effect compared with SRP alone, which can last for 1 year. The study included 136 sites in 16 patients with previously untreated chronic periodontitis, at least one premolar and one molar in every quadrant (minimum, four teeth/quadrant) and at least one tooth with attachment loss of ≥4 mm in every quadrant. In all patients, two randomly assigned quadrants were treated with SRP and the other two were treated with SRP + aPDT. The clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months. There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline. PPD and BOP showed significant reduction, and CAL showed significant gain from baseline for all three time points in both groups. In addition, there were significantly greater reduction and gain for SRP + aPDT than for SRP at all three time points. No adverse effects of aPDT were observed. These data demonstrate significant improvement in all evaluated clinical parameters for at least 1 year and suggest that aPDT as an adjunctive therapy to SRP represents a promising therapeutic concept for persistent periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, International Medical University (IMU), No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, haideralwaeli@imu.edu.my.
authors.forename: Haider A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alwaeli
authors.forename: Susan N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Al-Khateeb
authors.forename: Amani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Sadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
references.citation: Lasers Med Sci. 2012 Sep;27(5):979-86
references.pmid: 22105837
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Aug;36(8):661-6
references.pmid: 19563331
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2005 Nov;76(11):2015-27
references.pmid: 16274324
references.citation: Braz Oral Res. 2013 Jan-Feb;27(1):55-60
references.pmid: 23306627
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2013 May;40(5):514-26
references.pmid: 23557433
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2004 Oct;75(10):1343-9
references.pmid: 15562911
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2002 May;29 Suppl 2:6-16
references.pmid: 12010523
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2005 Jul;76(7):1100-5
references.pmid: 16018752
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2008 Sep;79(9):1638-44
references.pmid: 18771363
references.citation: Lasers Med Sci. 2012 Jul;27(4):687-93
references.pmid: 21687979
references.citation: Head Face Med. 2012 Apr 05;8:12
references.pmid: 22480188
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Sep;38(9):820-7
references.pmid: 21736599
references.citation: Oral Health Prev Dent. 2004;2(2):89-94
references.pmid: 15646941
references.citation: Clin Oral Investig. 2010 Dec;14(6):637-44
references.pmid: 19823880
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2007 Jun;78(6):965-73
references.pmid: 17539707
references.citation: Lasers Surg Med. 2002;30(1):60-6
references.pmid: 11857606
references.citation: Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Sep;24(5):681-8
references.pmid: 18465191
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Oct;35(10):877-84
references.pmid: 18713259
references.citation: J Clin Dent. 2007;18(2):34-8
references.pmid: 17508621
references.citation: Photochem Photobiol. 2000 Nov;72(5):676-80
references.pmid: 11107854
references.citation: Lasers Med Sci. 2013 Jan;28(1):317-24
references.pmid: 22814896