title: A longitudinal study of memory advantages in bilinguals.
abstract: Typically, studies of cognitive advantages in bilinguals have been conducted previously by using executive and inhibitory tasks (e.g. Simon task) and applying cross-sectional designs. This study longitudinally investigated bilingual advantages on episodic memory recall, verbal letter and categorical fluency during the trajectory of life. Monolingual and bilingual participants (n=178) between 35-70 years at baseline were drawn from the Betula Prospective Cohort Study of aging, memory, and health. Results showed that bilinguals outperformed monolinguals at the first testing session and across time both in episodic memory recall and in letter fluency. No interaction with age was found indicating that the rate of change across ages was similar for bilinguals and monolinguals. As predicted and in line with studies applying cross-sectional designs, no advantages associated with bilingualism were found in the categorical fluency task. The results are discussed in the light of successful aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jessica K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ljungberg
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrés
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Josefsson
authors.forename: Lars-Göran
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
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