title: Predictors for changes in various developmental outcomes of children with cerebral palsy--a longitudinal study.
abstract: We aimed to identify predictors for the changes of various developmental outcomes in preschool children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants were 78 children (49 boys, 29 girls) with CP (mean age: 3 years, 8 months; SD: 1 year, 7 months; range: 1 year to 5 years, 6 months). We examined eight potential predictors: age, sex, CP subtype, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, selective motor control, Modified Ashworth Scale, and the spinal alignment (SA) and range of motion subscales of the Spinal Alignment and Range of Motion Measure (SAROMM). Developmental outcomes for cognition, language, self-help, and social and motor functions were measured at baseline and a 6-month follow-up with the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers. Regression model showed GMFCS level was a negative predictor for change of language (adjusted r(2)=0.30, p<.001), motor function (adjusted r(2)=0.26, p<.001), social function (adjusted r(2)=0.07, p=0.014), and self-help (adjusted r(2)=0.26, p<.001). Age was a negative predictor for change of cognition (adjusted r(2)=0.21, p<.001) and language functions (adjusted r(2)=0.26, p<.001). SAROMM-SA was a negative predictor for cognitive change (adjusted r(2)=0.30, p<.001). The GMFCS levels and age are robust negative predictors for change of most developmental domains in these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hung-Chih
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chia-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kai-Hua
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mei-Yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Liaw
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: Cerebral palsy; Children; Developmental outcomes; Predictors