title: Psychometric properties of the 8-item Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8) in a Swedish chronic pain cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain has good empirical support. Pain acceptance is most often assessed with the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Recently a shorter 8-item version, the CPAQ-8, was developed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To further validate the CPAQ-8 in a Swedish context and to test its sensitivity to treatment effects, an as-yet unknown property of the instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 891 patients completed the CPAQ, along with scales for anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) and quality of life (Short Form-36). Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the factor structure. Convergent validity was tested with Pearson's correlations. Changes over time were evaluated with paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The confirmatory factor analyses showed that the CPAQ 2-factor model had a better fit compared with the 1-factor model, both for the 8- and 20-item versions. All CPAQ-8 scales demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha ≥ 0.80). They also correlated significantly with related constructs, supporting convergent validity. The CPAQ-8 explained a large share of the total variance in CPAQ-20 and was also able to track rehabilitation changes (large effect size, d = 0.89).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPAQ-8 demonstrated good psychometric properties and sensitivity to rehabilitation changes. Further research that considers other cultural contexts may lead enhance the applications of this instrument.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences and Physiology Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. graciela.rovner@neuro.gu.se.
authors.forename: Graciela S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rovner
authors.forename: Kristofer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arestedt
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerdle
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Börsbo
authors.forename: Lance M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McCracken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden