title: Therapeutic effect and tolerability of gelatin sponge particle-mediated chemoembolization for colorectal liver metastases: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The majority (approximately 60%) of patients with CRC will eventually develop liver metastases, which remain the most common cause of mortality in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and tolerability of gelatin sponge particle (GSP)-mediated chemoembolization in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases after systemic chemotherapy failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-center retrospective study of 15 patients with colorectal liver metastases, who underwent GSP-mediated chemoembolization with 50 mg of lobaplatin during the period December 2009 to December 2010 in the Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University. Clinical data were retrieved, and the therapeutic effect and tolerability of the treatment were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 15 patients with colorectal liver metastases completed the GSP-mediated chemoembolization. The therapeutic effect and tolerability were evaluated 3 months after the initial procedure. The tumor lesions in all patients showed various levels of necrosis and shrinkage. According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), one patient achieved complete response (CR), eleven patients achieved partial response (PR), and three patients achieved stable disease (SD). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GSP-mediated chemoembolization is well tolerated and has a good short-term response rate (80%) in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases after systemic chemotherapy failure. Collectively, further study of the long-term effect of GSP-mediated chemoembolization in colorectal liver metastasis in a large cohort is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian 116001, China. zhangyuewei1001@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuewei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guangsheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shunxiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015503:Surgical Sponges
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D006490:Hemostatics; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; C066228:lobaplatin
references.citation: Hepatogastroenterology. 2008 Nov-Dec;55(88):2077-82
references.pmid: 19260480
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2010 Jul;30(7):3045-9
references.pmid: 20683053
references.citation: Rofo. 2002 Jun;174(6):675-83
references.pmid: 12063595
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan 21;16(3):398-402
references.pmid: 20082490
references.citation: Eur J Radiol. 2006 Sep;59(3):407-12
references.pmid: 16621394
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(6B):3835-42
references.pmid: 19192637
references.citation: J Surg Oncol. 2010 Dec 15;102(8):988-95
references.pmid: 21166003
references.citation: Eur Radiol. 2007 Apr;17(4):1025-34
references.pmid: 16944163
references.citation: In Vivo. 2007 Nov-Dec;21(6):1085-91
references.pmid: 18210761
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;8(1):74-8
references.pmid: 11833075
references.citation: J Oncol. 2009;2009:539795
references.pmid: 19888427
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2009 Jul;20(7):1236-41
references.pmid: 19233901
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 Jan;63(1):11-30
references.pmid: 23335087
references.citation: Abdom Imaging. 2011 Dec;36(6):661-70
references.pmid: 21681492
references.citation: Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2007 Jan;34(1):59-64
references.pmid: 17220671
references.citation: Ann Surg. 2005 May;241(5):715-22, discussion 722-4
references.pmid: 15849507
references.citation: Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;21(6):1031-48
references.pmid: 18070702
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Aug 14;14(30):4834-7
references.pmid: 18720550
references.citation: Dig Surg. 2007;24(2):108-14
references.pmid: 17446704
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2010 Apr 27;102(9):1313-8
references.pmid: 20424612
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2007 Dec;14(12):3481-91
references.pmid: 17805933
references.citation: Radiology. 2009 Jan;250(1):281-9
references.pmid: 19092099
references.citation: Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009 Apr;24(4):419-25
references.pmid: 19096855
references.citation: J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Jan;10(1):86-94
references.pmid: 16368496
references.citation: J Gastrointest Surg. 2007 Aug;11(8):1057-77
references.pmid: 17530336
references.citation: Eur J Radiol. 2009 Sep;71(3):519-26
references.pmid: 18617345
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2006 Sep;42(14):2212-21
references.pmid: 16904315
references.citation: World J Surg Oncol. 2009 Nov 03;7:80
references.pmid: 19886993
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2006 Sep-Oct;26(5B):3793-5
references.pmid: 17094403
references.citation: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2010 May-Jun;34(3):348-53
references.pmid: 20498534