title: Efficacy of aqueous garlic extract on growth, aflatoxin B1 production, and cyto-morphological aberrations of Aspergillus flavus, causing human ophthalmic infection: topical treatment of A. flavus keratitis.
abstract: By using agar well diffusion assay, antifungal activity of aqueous extract prepared from Egyptian garlic (Allium sativum L.) was evaluated in vitro against two strains of Aspergillus flavus (OC1 and OC10) causing human ocular infection. The recorded minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for growth inhibition of both strains was 3.60 mg/ml. Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) was used in successive in vivo tests as an attempt to cure rabbit's fungal keratitis caused by A. flavus OC1. Findings showed that diluted preparation of AGE was effective topical antifungal agent and succeeded to cure severe A. flavus keratitis in a time course less than 10 days without any observable side effects. Microscopic examination showed that AGE induced deleterious cyto-morphological aberrations in A. flavus target cells. AGE applied to Czapek's broth via contact method was more effective on growth, spores and aflatoxin B1 production than AGE applied to the same broth at the same concentration via fumigation method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ismaiel
authors.forename: Gamal H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Rabie
authors.forename: Saied E M
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kenawey
authors.forename: Marwa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aal
keywords: Aflatoxin B1; Antifungal; Aspergillus flavus; Garlic; Keratitis; Microscopic examination
references.citation: Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1985;23(1):1-73
references.pmid: 3905263
references.citation: Indian J Ophthalmol. 2003 Dec;51(4):315-21
references.pmid: 14750619
references.citation: Mycoses. 2009 May;52(3):206-22
references.pmid: 19207851
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Mar;53(3):615-7
references.pmid: 3555334
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Jul;155(7):796-9
references.pmid: 11434846
references.citation: Cornea. 2003 Mar;22(2):138-41
references.pmid: 12605049
references.citation: Plant Dis. 1997 Nov;81(11):1241-1246
references.pmid: 30861727
references.citation: Arzneimittelforschung. 1999 Jun;49(6):544-7
references.pmid: 10417874
references.citation: World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 1993 May;9(3):303-7
references.pmid: 24420031
references.citation: Doc Ophthalmol. 1992;79(3):269-76
references.pmid: 1600844
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 May;66(5):2269-73
references.pmid: 10788416
references.citation: Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2004 May;34(3):669-91
references.pmid: 15110978
references.citation: Arch Microbiol. 1982 Dec 11;133(3):236-8
references.pmid: 6820625
references.citation: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Nov;43(5 Pt 1):829-32
references.pmid: 11050588
references.citation: Curr Microbiol. 2011 May;62(5):1602-9
references.pmid: 21350802