title: Social and immigration factors in intimate partner violence among Ecuadorians, Moroccans and Romanians living in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women occurs in all countries, all cultures and at every level of society; however, some populations may be at greater risk than others. The aim of this study was to explore IPV prevalence among Ecuadorian, Moroccan and Romanian immigrant women living in Spain and its possible association with their personal, family, social support and immigration status characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 1607 adult immigrant women residing in Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia (2011). Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated, with current IPV being the outcome. Different women's personal (demographic), family, social support and immigration status characteristics were considered as explicative and control variables. All analyses were separated by women's country of origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current IPV prevalence was 15.57% in Ecuadorians, 10.91% in Moroccans and 8.58% in Romanians. Some common IPV factors were found, such as being separated and/or divorced. In Romanians, IPV was also associated with lack of social support [AOR 5.96 (1.39-25.62)] and low religious involvement [AOR 2.17 (1.06-4.43)]. The likelihood of current IPV was lower among women without children or other dependents in this subgroup [AOR 0.29 (0.093-0.92)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IPV prevalence rates obtained for Moroccan, Romanian and Ecuadorian women residing in Spain were similar. Whereas the likelihood of IPV appeared to be relatively evenly distributed among Moroccan and Ecuadorian women, it was higher among Romanian women in socially vulnerable situations related to family responsibilities and the lack of support networks. The importance of intervention in the process of separation and divorce was common to all women.
authors.affiliation: 1 Public Health Research Group, Alicante University, Spain2 Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History Science department, Alicante University, Spain3 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain carmen.vives@ua.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vives-Cases
authors.affiliation: 1 Public Health Research Group, Alicante University, Spain2 Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History Science department, Alicante University, Spain4 Statistics, Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Miguel Hernández University, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torrubiano-Domínguez
authors.affiliation: 1 Public Health Research Group, Alicante University, Spain2 Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History Science department, Alicante University, Spain3 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gil-González
authors.affiliation: 5 Interuniversity Institute of Social Development and Peace. Alicante University, Spain6 Department of Sociology II, Alicante University, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: La Parra
authors.affiliation: 1 Public Health Research Group, Alicante University, Spain7 Faculty of Dentistry, Antioquia University, Colombia.
authors.forename: Andrés A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Agudelo-Suárez
authors.affiliation: 1 Public Health Research Group, Alicante University, Spain2 Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History Science department, Alicante University, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davó
authors.affiliation: 8 Social Work and Social Services Department, Alicante University, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pérez-Belda
authors.affiliation: 5 Interuniversity Institute of Social Development and Peace. Alicante University, Spain8 Social Work and Social Services Department, Alicante University, Spain.
authors.forename: Ma Asunción
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Román
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004484:Ecuador / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco / Q000208:ethnology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011584:Psychology; D012383:Romania / Q000208:ethnology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult