title: In vivo and in vitro effects of secondary metabolites against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.
abstract: Brassica rapa is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable. The quality of B. rapa crops is highly affected by the disease caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds can confer resistance to Brassica crops against pests and diseases, but few works have been done to evaluate their role in Xcc resistance. The objectives of this work were: (1) to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial effect of gluconapin, its isothiocyanate and the methanolic extracts of B. rapa against the type 4 of Xcc, and (2) to test if there is induced resistance mediated by glucosinolates or phenolic compounds in two varieties of B. rapa. Gluconapin and its ITC varieties had an antibacterial effect on the development of Xanthomonas and this effect was strongly dependent on the concentration applied. Methanolic extracts from B. rapa, containing glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, inhibited the growth of these bacteria. Concentration of gluconapin is higher in resistant plants than in the susceptible ones and there is an induction of gluconapin, some flavonoids and sinapic acid 48 to 72 h after inoculation. Gluconapin plays a role in the constitutive resistance to Xcc, while gluconapin, some flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are induced by a Xcc infection but it is not clear if this induction confers resistance to this disease.
authors.affiliation: Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), P.O. Box 28, E-36080 Pontevedra, Spain. pvelasco@mbg.csic.es
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lema
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soengas
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cartea
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D060467:Disease Resistance; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C552436:3-butenyl glucosinolate; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005961:Glucosinolates; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Feb 13;50(4):690-5
references.pmid: 11829629
references.citation: Phytochem Anal. 2011 Mar-Apr;22(2):144-52
references.pmid: 21259374
references.citation: Plant J. 2006 Jun;46(5):758-67
references.pmid: 16709192
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Jun;106(6):2096-105
references.pmid: 19291239
references.citation: Phytopathology. 2011 May;101(5):523-34
references.pmid: 21219133
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2011 Jan;38(1):621-9
references.pmid: 20397055
references.citation: Food Chem. 2013 Apr 15;137(1-4):68-75
references.pmid: 23199992
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2001 Apr;125(4):1688-99
references.pmid: 11299350
references.citation: J Chromatogr A. 2009 Sep 18;1216(38):6611-9
references.pmid: 19683241
references.citation: J Chem Ecol. 2003 Jun;29(6):1403-15
references.pmid: 12918924
references.citation: Food Chem. 2012 Dec 15;135(4):2666-74
references.pmid: 22980856
references.citation: Phytopathology. 2001 May;91(5):492-9
references.pmid: 18943594
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 May;66(5):2185-91
references.pmid: 10788398
references.citation: Phytochemistry. 2001 Jan;56(1):5-51
references.pmid: 11198818
references.citation: Open Microbiol J. 2011;5:96-106
references.pmid: 21915230