title: Effects of vermilion height on lip esthetics in Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of vermilion height on the assessment of lip attractiveness by Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vermilion heights were modified by increasing or decreasing the vermilion height in 1.0-mm increments from -3.0 mm to 3.0 mm with reference to an average vermilion height. Participants ranged from 15 to 29 years of age and comprised 29 Japanese and 25 Korean orthodontists and 96 Japanese and 72 Korean orthodontic patients. They all rated the attractiveness of seven images with altered vermilion height using a visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across the participant groups, there were significant differences in the median esthetic scores for the seven vermilion height levels tested. The Japanese and Korean raters assigned the highest scores to the average vermilion height and assigned the lowest scores to the +3-mm increased vermilion height. The ranges of vermilion height preferred by orthodontists were found to be within the ranges preferred by orthodontic patients when evaluating the preferences in lip esthetics by country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the -1-mm to +1-mm range for the average vermilion height is considered attractive for lips for both Japanese and Korean people.
authors.affiliation: a  Lecturer, Section of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ioi
authors.forename: Sangwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Seong-Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Byung
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo-Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D009970:Orthodontics; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D056910:Republic of Korea; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
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