title: Seminal plasma did not influence the presence of transforming growth factor-β1, interleukine-10 and interleukin-6 in porcine follicles shortly after insemination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of seminal plasma on the presence of the cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in ovarian follicles and follicular fluid were studied shortly after insemination in gilts.Ovaries from gilts were sampled 5-6 h after insemination with either seminal plasma (SP), fresh semen in extender (Beltsville thawing solution, BTS), spermatozoa in extender (Spz), or only BTS (control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling of TGF-β1, IL-10 and IL-6 was evident in the ovarian oocytes and granulosa cells independent of stage of follicular development (antral follicles). Theca interna cells were labeled to a high degree in mature follicles. No consistent differences between treatment groups could be observed for any of the cytokines.In follicular fluid, high concentrations of TGF-β1 were found while the levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were low. There were no differences between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a presence of the cytokines TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-10 in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells, as well as in the fluid of mature follicles suggesting a role of these cytokines in intra-ovarian cell communication. However, treatment (SP, fresh semen in BTS, spermatozoa in BTS or BTS) did not influence the IHC-labeling pattern or the levels of these cytokines in follicular fluid shortly after insemination.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden. Anne-Marie.Dalin@slu.se.
authors.forename: Jiwakanon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jatesada
authors.forename: Persson
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elisabeth
authors.forename: Dalin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anne-Marie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016753:Interleukin-10
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