title: Vacuolar transport of abscisic acid glucosyl ester is mediated by ATP-binding cassette and proton-antiport mechanisms in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key plant hormone involved in diverse physiological and developmental processes, including abiotic stress responses and the regulation of stomatal aperture and seed germination. Abscisic acid glucosyl ester (ABA-GE) is a hydrolyzable ABA conjugate that accumulates in the vacuole and presumably also in the endoplasmic reticulum. Deconjugation of ABA-GE by the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolar β-glucosidases allows the rapid formation of free ABA in response to abiotic stress conditions such as dehydration and salt stress. ABA-GE further contributes to the maintenance of ABA homeostasis, as it is the major ABA catabolite exported from the cytosol. In this work, we identified that the import of ABA-GE into vacuoles isolated from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mesophyll cells is mediated by two distinct membrane transport mechanisms: proton gradient-driven and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Both systems have similar Km values of approximately 1 mm. According to our estimations, this low affinity appears nevertheless to be sufficient for the continuous vacuolar sequestration of ABA-GE produced in the cytosol. We further demonstrate that two tested multispecific vacuolar ABCC-type ABC transporters from Arabidopsis exhibit ABA-GE transport activity when expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which also supports the involvement of ABC transporters in ABA-GE uptake. Our findings suggest that the vacuolar ABA-GE uptake is not mediated by specific, but rather by several, possibly multispecific, transporters that are involved in the general vacuolar sequestration of conjugated metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burla
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfrunder
authors.forename: Réka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Rita Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Youngsook
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinoia
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017136:Ion Transport; D058503:Mesophyll Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011522:Protons; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000589124:ABCC1 protein, Arabidopsis; C000589125:ABCC2 protein, Arabidopsis; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D017920:Antiporters; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005960:Glucosides; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011522:Protons; D000040:Abscisic Acid
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