title: [Management experience of acute renal failure induced by unilateral ureteral calculi obstruction].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the causes and treatment options of acute renal failure induced by unilateral ureteral calculi obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 12 cases of acute renal failure induced by unilateral ureteral calculi obstruction between August 2008 and July 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 5 males and 7 females with an average age of 65.7 years. Their clinical data and treatment options were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Seven cases showed right side ureteral calculus with hydronephrosis while another 5 presented left side ureteral calculus with hydronephrosis. Serum creatinine was higher than 310 µmol/L in 12 cases. Anuria appeared in 4 cases for 1-7 days while oliguria in 8 cases for 2-10 days. High fever was present in 11 cases, the highest of whom was 40 °C. White blood cell count increased in 10 cases (>10×10(9)/L) and decreased in 2 cases (<4 × 10(9)/L).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The therapeutic options included insertion of double J stent for internal drainage (n = 1), percutaneous nephrostomy for external drainage (n = 10) and open operation (n = 1). Traditional treatments were performed to manage ureteral calculus in the above 11 cases with drainage. All cases had improved renal function after comprehensive treatment of anti-infection, antishock, rinsing stones and relieving obstruction. All 12 cases were treated successfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral ureteral calculus may impair contralateral renal function and cause acute renal failure due to the absorption of toxin at obstructive side. The keys of management are eliminating toxin and relieving obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fu-qing
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Bo-hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Li-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Hong-zhou
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Dan-bo
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Chao-jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*