title: Activation of anaerobic metabolism in Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) experimentally infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Metastrongylidae) by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: The activity of lactate dehydrogenase and the concentrations of glucose in the hemolymph and of glycogen in the digestive gland and cephalopedal mass of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis were evaluated. Additionally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the hemolymph concentrations of some carboxylic acids (oxalic, piruvic, lactic and succinic). After one, two and three weeks of infection, the snails were dissected to collect the hemolymph and separate the tissues. A significant reduction of the levels of glucose in the hemolymph was observed as of the first week of infection in relation to the control group. The lactate dehydrogenase activity of the infected group was significantly higher than the average of the control group. This increase was accompanied by a reduction of the levels of piruvic acid and an increase in the levels of lactic acid in the hemolymph of the parasited snails, confirming the acceleration of the anaerobic metabolism, necessary for the host to obtain energy and maintain its redox balance. In parallel, there was a decrease in the glycogen content of the storage tissues, with that reduction being significantly greater in the cephalopedal mass than the digestive gland, demonstrating that in this interaction system, the mobilization of glycogen was not sufficient to maintain and reestablish the normal glycemia of the infected snails.
authors.affiliation: Área de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, UFRuralRJ, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRuralRJ, Brazil. Electronic address: vinnytunholi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Vinícius Menezes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Tunholi-Alves
authors.forename: Victor Menezes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Tunholi
authors.forename: Rosane N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Luiza D'Oliveira
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sant'Ana
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos-Amaral
authors.forename: Ana Paula Martins
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Juberlan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Silvana Carvalho
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Thiengo
authors.forename: Jairo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D017185:Angiostrongylus cantonensis / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions
keywords: Carbohydrates; Host–parasite relationship; Larval nematodes