title: Inter and intra-rater reliability of mobile device goniometer in measuring lumbar flexion range of motion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of range of motion (ROM) is integral part of assessment of musculoskeletal system. This is required in health fitness and pathological conditions; also it is used as an objective outcome measure. Several methods are described to check spinal flexion range of motion. Different methods for measuring spine ranges have their advantages and disadvantages. Hence, a new device was introduced in this study using the method of dual inclinometer to measure lumbar spine flexion range of motion (ROM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine Intra and Inter-rater reliability of mobile device goniometer in measuring lumbar flexion range of motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  iPod mobile device with goniometer software was used. The part being measure i.e the back of the subject was suitably exposed. Subject was standing with feet shoulder width apart. Spinous process of second sacral vertebra S2 and T12 were located, these were used as the reference points and readings were taken. Three readings were taken for each: inter-rater reliability as well as the intra-rater reliability. Sufficient rest was given between each flexion movement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-rater reliability using ICC was r=0.920 and inter-rater r=0.812 at CI 95%. Validity r=0.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mobile device goniometer has high intra-rater reliability. The inter-rater reliability was moderate. This device can be used to assess range of motion of spine flexion, representing uni-planar movement.
authors.affiliation: Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Nilima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bedekar
authors.affiliation: Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Mayuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suryawanshi
authors.affiliation: Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rairikar
authors.affiliation: Consultant Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Parag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sancheti
authors.affiliation: Consultant Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shyam
mesh_terms: D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001415:Back / Q000502:physiology; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D055539:MP3-Player; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012984:Software / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Reliability; iTune goniometer; mobile device; range of motion