title: Differential impact of tobacco control policies on youth sub-populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of tobacco control interventions in reducing tobacco use among youth overall, there have been very few studies that examine the potential differential impact of tobacco control policies on various youth subgroups, defined by socio-economic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and gender.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between state-level cigarette prices and smoke-free air laws and youth smoking prevalence and intensity for various youth sub-populations in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2010 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that real cigarette prices are strong determinants of youth smoking. Blacks, females, Hispanics, and low-SES subpopulations are found to have a larger price response with respect to smoking prevalence than the full sample. Smoke-free air laws are found to have a negative effect on smoking prevalence for the full sample and for the male, white, and high-SES sub-populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research concludes that higher cigarette prices will reduce smoking prevalence rates of Blacks, Hispanics, females, and low-SES subpopulations faster than the overall youth population and other youth sub-populations. Moreover, this research concludes that smoke-free air laws will reduce smoking prevalence for the overall youth population with the largest reductions in high SES and male subpopulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 601 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. tauras@uic.edu
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tauras
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chaloupka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015995:Prevalence; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012923:Social Class; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000191:economics*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
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