title: Intraoperative hypothermia during primary surgical cytoreduction for advanced ovarian cancer: risk factors and associations with postoperative morbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and potential morbidity associated with intraoperative hypothermia (IH) during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and perioperative data were collected for all patients with stage IIIC-IV ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinoma who underwent primary CRS at our institution from 2001 to 2010. Only patients with carcinomatosis and/or bulky upper abdominal disease and residual disease of <1cm were included. Intraoperative hypothermia was defined as temperature of <36.0 degrees Celsius (°C). Associations with 21 perioperative factors, 12 systems-based complications, and specific complications including but not limited to venous thromboembolism and surgical site infection were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred ninety-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. An intraoperative temperature <36°C was noted in 72.1% of patients, and a temperature <36°C at the time of abdominal closure was noted in 45.5%. Intraoperative vasopressors (P=0.02), epidural anesthesia (P=0.01), transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (P<0.05), and blood loss (P=0.01) were associated with IH. There was no association between IH and postoperative complications in general (P=0.48) or specifically grade 3-5 complications (P=0.34). Univariate analysis did show an association between hematologic complications and IH; however, this did not persist on multivariate analysis (P=0.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients who underwent optimal primary CRS for advanced ovarian cancer, IH alone was not associated with the development of postoperative complications. Postoperative morbidity in these patients is multifactorial and further investigation into modifiable risk factors is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Kara C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Mario M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leitao
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Ginger J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Nadeem R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Abu-Rustum
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: Dennis S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001831:Body Temperature; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Advanced ovarian cancer; Complications; Hypothermia