title: Nullifying tumor efflux by prolonged endolysosome vesicles: development of low dose anticancer-carbon nanotube drug.
abstract: As the majority of side effects of current chemotherapies stems from toxicity due to excessive dosing of anticancer drugs, minimizing the amount of drug while maximizing drug efficacy is essential to increase the life-quality of chemotherapy patients. This study demonstrated that the intracellular delivery of amide linked doxorubicin on carbon nanotube can nullify the efflux of cancer cells by achieving prolonged endolysosome delivery and can induce burst release of doxorubicin in an acidic hydrolase environment and, ultimately, can reduce the amount of anticancer drug by 10-fold compared to conventional effective drug dose. The clearance of accumulated carbon nanotubes in the liver was observed after 4 weeks, and analysis of liver toxicity markers showed no significant changes in GOT and GPT levels and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines across both short- and long-term periods.
authors.affiliation: School of Nano & Advanced Materials Science, Bio-Nano-Information Tech. R/D Center and RIGET, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jungil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Wan Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Chang-Joon
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Kwon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Dongwoo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001692:Biological Transport; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D004317:Doxorubicin