title: Prevalence and perceived preventability of self-reported adverse drug events--a population-based survey of 7099 adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adverse drug events (ADEs) are common and often preventable among inpatients, but self-reported ADEs have not been investigated in a representative sample of the general public. The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month prevalence of self-reported ADEs among the adult general public, and the perceived preventability of 2 ADE categories: adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and sub-therapeutic effects (STEs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, a postal survey was sent in October 2010 to a random sample of 13 931 Swedish residents aged ≥ 18 years. Self-reported ADEs experienced during the past month included ADRs, STEs, drug dependence, drug intoxications and morbidity due to drug-related untreated indication. ADEs could be associated with prescription, non-prescription or herbal drugs. The respondents estimated whether ADRs and STEs could have been prevented. ADE prevalences in age groups (18-44, 45-64, or ≥65 years) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 7099 respondents (response rate 51.0%), ADEs were reported by 19.4% (95% confidence interval, 18.5-20.3%), and the prevalence did not differ by age group (p>0.05). The prevalences of self-reported ADRs, STEs, and morbidities due to drug-related untreated indications were 7.8% (7.2-8.4%), 7.6% (7.0-8.2%) and 8.1% (7.5-8.7%), respectively. The prevalence of self-reported drug dependence was 2.2% (1.9-2.6%), and drug intoxications 0.2% (0.1-0.3%). The respondents considered 19.2% (14.8-23.6%) of ADRs and STEs preventable. Although reported drugs varied between ADE categories, most ADEs were attributable to commonly dispensed drugs. Drugs reported for all and preventable events were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-fifth of the adult general public across age groups reported ADEs during the past month, indicating a need for prevention strategies beyond hospitalised patients. For this, the underlying causes of ADEs should increasingly be investigated. The high burden of ADEs and preventable ADEs from widely used drugs across care settings supports redesigning a safer healthcare system to adequately tackle the problem.
authors.affiliation: Nordic School of Public Health NHV, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katja Marja
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hakkarainen
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andersson Sundell
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hägg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010465:Perception; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
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