title: Estimated percentages and characteristics of men who have sex with men and use injection drugs--United States, 1999-2011.
abstract: Male-to-male sex and illicit injection drug use are important transmission routes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of all new HIV infections in 2010, 80% were among men, of which 78% were among men who have sex with men (MSM), 6% among male injection drug users (IDU), and 4% among men who have sex with men and inject drugs (MSM/IDU). MSM/IDU might have different prevention needs from men who are either MSM or IDU, but not both. A combination of effective, scalable, and evidence-based approaches that address male-to-male sex and injection drug use behaviors might reduce HIV infections among MSM/IDU. To refine calculations of disease rates attributed to MSM and IDU by accounting for MSM/IDU, CDC used data from 1999-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate the percentage and number of MSM/IDU in the general population. To further describe demographic similarities and differences of MSM/IDU identified by different surveillance systems, CDC also compared data from four HIV surveillance systems: the 2008 and 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS), the 2011 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), and the 2007-2009 Medical Monitoring Project (MMP). Of males aged ≥ 18 years, MSM/IDU comprised an estimated 0.35% in NHANES, 7%-20% in NHBS, an estimated 4%-8% in NHSS, and 9% in MMP. Across surveillance systems, MSM/IDU accounted for 4%-12% of MSM and 11%-39% of male IDU. Risk reduction programs and interventions targeted toward male IDU populations might be more effective if they also incorporate messages about male-to-male sex.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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