title: Cytotoxic effects of Eryngium kotschyi and Eryngium maritimum on Hep2, HepG2, Vero and U138 MG cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eryngium maritimum L. and the endemic Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. of the Apiaceae family are used for antiinflammatory, antivenom, antinociceptive and diuretic purposes in folk medicine in Turkey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts belonging to Eryngium L. genus on various cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxic activites of the lyophilized aqueous aereal and root parts of the plant extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (Hep2), human glioma (U138-MG) and African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cell lines at 8.33-266.62 µg/ml concentrations were analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) cell viability assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were found <100 µg/ml in most cases varying around 16.33-125.66 µg/ml. IC50 values for E. kostchyi and E. maritimum root parts on Hep2 cells (32.86 and 30.25 µg/ml, respectively), E. kotschyi aereal, E. maritimum aereal and root parts on HepG2 cells (31.75, 32.42 and 35.01 µg/ml, respectively) by MTT assay were found to be close to the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommendations (IC50 < 30 µg/ml) to define the antivity aganist cancer cells. The lowest IC50 values according to the LDH method were observed in Hep2 cells and the highest in U138-MG cells. Root parts were found to be more toxic than aereal parts for both plants in both methods in general.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both plant extracts exerted cytotoxic activity aganist Hep2 and HepG2 cells, with low IC50 values defining their promising anticancer property according to NCI; however, further analysis are needed to confirm their activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Begüm
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yurdakök
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baydan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D031049:Eryngium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003470:Culture Media; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase