title: Role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in autogenous bone grafts to the mandible using guided bone regeneration and a deproteinized bovine bone material.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in autogenous bone grafts to the mandible based on immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a well-established sheep model autogenous bone grafts were harvested form the iliac bone. A combination of a Collagen Membrane (CM) and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Material (DBBM) was used to cover the bone graft (Experiment 2). This modification was compared with simple onlay bone grafts (Experiment 1). Immunohistochemically, the expression of specific stable degradation products of oxidative and nitrosative stress was compared between the two experimental groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific markers for oxidative and nitrosative stress showed statistically significant differences in expression in the different experimental groups. The influence of oxidative and nitrosative stress on osteoblasts (OB), osteoclasts (OC), and osteocytes (OCy) was analysed. Experiment 2 showed increased expression of markers in OB and decreased expression in OC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking the result of this study and reports from the literature into consideration grafts in Experiment 2 showed less resorption and atrophy, higher activity of OB and inhibition of OC, and less expression of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) as markers of oxidative stress within the graft. These data illustrate the improved remodelling processes in grafts using CM and DBBM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: Alexander C. Kuebler, M.D., D.M.D., Ph.D.), University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany. Electronic address: steffen.koerdt@web.de.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koerdt
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: Alexander C. Kuebler, M.D., D.M.D., Ph.D.), University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siebers
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine (Head: Wilhelm Bloch, M.D., Ph.D.), German Sport University, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, D-50933 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.affiliation: Medicine & Aesthetics (Head: Christoph Pautke, M.D., D.M.D., Ph.D.; Bettina Hohlweg-Majert, M.D., D.M.D., Ph.D.), Clinic for Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Lenbachplatz 2a, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ristow
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: Alexander C. Kuebler, M.D., D.M.D., Ph.D.), University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kuebler
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: Alexander C. Kuebler, M.D., D.M.D., Ph.D.), University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reuther
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D015538:Nitrosation; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000032:analysis; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D003094:Collagen; D015237:Dinoprost; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
keywords: Bone graft; Bone substitutes; GBR; Oxidative stress