title: Isolation and characterization of novel phorate-degrading bacterial species from agricultural soil.
abstract: Based upon 16S rDNA sequence homology, 15 phorate-degrading bacteria isolated from sugarcane field soils by selective enrichment were identified to be different species of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Brevibacterium, and Staphylococcus. Relative phorate degradation in a mineral salt medium containing phorate (50 μg ml(-1)) as sole carbon source established that all the bacterial species could actively degrade more than 97 % phorate during 21 days. Three of these species viz. Bacillus aerophilus strain IMBL 4.1, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans strain IMBL 2.1, and Pseudomonas fulva strain IMBL 5.1 were found to be most active phorate metabolizers, degrading more than 96 % phorate during 2 days and 100 % phorate during 13 days. Qualitative analysis of phorate residues by gas liquid chromatography revealed complete metabolization of phorate without detectable accumulation of any known phorate metabolites. Phorate degradation by these bacterial species did not follow the first-order kinetics except the P. fulva strain IMBL 5.1 with half-life period (t1/2) ranging between 0.40 and 5.47 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India. jariyal_monu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Monu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jariyal
authors.affiliation: Insect Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
authors.forename: Kousik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Insect Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.affiliation: Insect Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
authors.forename: Geetika
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banta
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
authors.forename: Balwinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D010702:Phorate / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010702:Phorate
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