title: Molecular epidemiology of selected sexually transmitted infections.
abstract: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) are established pathogens for human genital tract. However, the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Ureaplasma parvum (UP) in genital pathology is poorly unerstood. A prospective study to investigate the prevalence of above infections was performed on a cohort of 1,718 consecutive patients attending a Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinic. A previously published in-house real-time PCR assay, for the detection of CT DNA in genital swabs, was modified for this study. Two amplification reactions detected the DNAs of TV, NG, MG, CT, UU and UP in genital swabs from 4 (0.2%), 11 (0.6%), 17 (1%), 129 (8%), 282 (16%) and 636 (37%) patients, respectively. 594 (70%) of 848 women and 333 (38%) of 870 men were infected with at least one type of microorganism. Among 594 infected females, 485 (82%) had a single infection, 97 (16%) had a double infection, and 12 (2%) had a triple infection. Of the 333 infected men, 304 (91%) had a single infection, 27 (8%) had a double infection, and 2 (1%) had a triple infection. The prevalence of infection in both genders decreased with increasing age. The prevalence proportion of UP was significantly higher in women (54%) compared with men (18%). The high prevalence of UU and UP suggests that these bacteria are commensals of genital tract.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology & Public Health Laboratory, Box 236, Addenbrooke's Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sonnex
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Carne
keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis; Mycoplasma genitalium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; PCR; Trichomonas vaginalis; Ureaplasma parvum; Ureaplasma urealyticu; epidemiology
references.citation: J Mol Diagn. 2006 Nov;8(5):574-81
references.pmid: 17065426
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005 Oct;18(4):757-89
references.pmid: 16223956
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Apr 02;12:82
references.pmid: 22471518
references.citation: Microbes Infect. 2006 Jan;8(1):16-26
references.pmid: 16289001
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Feb;42(2):683-92
references.pmid: 14766837
references.citation: Euro Surveill. 2011 May 26;16(21):
references.pmid: 21632019
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jan;44(1):206-13
references.pmid: 16390971
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Nov 15;51(10):1160-6
references.pmid: 20942656
references.citation: Sex Transm Infect. 2006 Feb;82(1):37-40
references.pmid: 16461600
references.citation: MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002 Oct 18;51(RR-15):1-38; quiz CE1-4
references.pmid: 12418541
references.citation: Euro Surveill. 2012 Mar 01;17(9):
references.pmid: 22401562
references.citation: AIDS. 1993 Jan;7(1):95-102
references.pmid: 8442924
references.citation: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;13(3):145-50
references.pmid: 16126499
references.citation: Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Apr;24(4):273-7
references.pmid: 23970658
references.citation: Mol Cell Probes. 2005 Aug;19(4):255-60
references.pmid: 16005182
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jul;60(Pt 7):1010-1016
references.pmid: 21415210
references.citation: J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31(3):237-41
references.pmid: 21417648
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jul;60(Pt 7):881-888
references.pmid: 21415209