title: Iodine nutrition in elementary state schools of Queretaro, Mexico: correlations between urinary iodine concentration with global nutrition status and social gap index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate median urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and to correlate it with global nutrition indicators and social gap index (SGI) in 50 elementary state schools from 10 municipalities in the State of Queretaro, Mexico.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,544 students were enrolled and an above of requirements of iodine intake was found (median UIC of 297 µg/L). Iodine status was found as deficient, adequate, more than adequate and excessive in 2, 4, 19 and 25 schools, respectively. Seventy seven percent of table salt samples showed adequate iodine content (20-40 ppm), while 9.6% of the samples had low iodine content (< 15 ppm). Medians of UIC per school were positively correlated with medians of body mass index (BMI) by using the standard deviation score (SDS) (r = 0.47; p < 0.005), height SDS (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and overweight and obesity prevalence (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). Medians of UIC per school were negatively correlated with stunting prevalence (r = -0.39; p = 005) and social gap index (r = -0.36; p < 0.05). Best multiple regression models showed that BMI SDS and height were significantly related with UIC (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is coexistence between the two extremes of iodine intake (insufficient and excessive). To our knowledge, the observed positive correlation between UIC and overweight and obesity has not been described before, and could be explained by the availability and consumption of snack food rich in energy and iodized salt.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Solís
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Solís-S
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: García-Gaytán
authors.forename: Vanessa A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Reyes-Mendoza
authors.forename: Ludivina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robles-Osorio
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villarreal-Ríos
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leal-García
authors.forename: Hebert Luis
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hernández-Montiel
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine