title: Comparison of thermoregulatory devices used during anesthesia of C57BL/6 mice and correlations between body temperature and physiologic parameters.
abstract: General anesthesia affects several body systems, including thermoregulation. Decreased body temperature during anesthesia has potential negative effects, including delayed recovery to consciousness. Thermoregulatory support devices are used to maintain temperature in anesthetized rodents. We analyzed 2 novel thermoregulatory devices, thermogenic gel packs and reflective foils, to compare their effectiveness in maintaining temperatures with that of a standard circulating-warm-water blanket (CWWB) in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were grouped randomly: control (no thermal support), reflective foil, gel pack, gel pack plus reflective foil, CWWB on medium setting, CWWB on high setting, and CWWB on high setting plus reflective foil. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane for 30 min, and temperature and heart and respiratory rates were monitored. Results indicated that the temperatures of mice with reflective foil only (start temperature, 36.2 ± 0.38 °C; end temperature, 28.8 ± 0.78 °C) did not differ significantly from those of control mice; however, the inclusion of foil heightened thermogenic properties when combined with other devices. Thermogenic gel packs and CWWB on high setting, both with and without reflective foil, caused significant temperature increases (that is, 1.6 °C to 4.4 °C) in mice. CWWB on medium setting (blanket temperature, 37.5 °C) maintained mice at temperatures within 1 °C of the 36.1 °C baseline. Strong correlations existed between temperature, heart and respiratory rates, and recovery time to consciousness. This information provides guidance regarding the use of thermoregulatory devices in anesthetized rodents and demonstrates the effect of maintaining a consistent core temperature on physiologic parameters.
authors.affiliation: University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Caro
authors.forename: F Claire
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hankenson
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Marx
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D005782:Gels; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D007530:Isoflurane; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011897:Random Allocation; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D007530:Isoflurane
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