title: Correlates of light and moderate-to-vigorous objectively measured physical activity in four-year-old children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Correlates of physical activity (PA) are hypothesized to be context and behaviour specific, but there is limited evidence of this in young children. The aim of the current study is to investigate associations between personal, social and environmental factors and objectively measured light and moderate-to-vigorous PA (LPA and MVPA, respectively) in four-year-old children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data were used from the Southampton Women's Survey, a UK population-based longitudinal study. Four-year old children (n = 487, 47.0% male) had valid PA data assessed using accelerometry (Actiheart) and exposure data collected with a validated maternal questionnaire (including data on child personality, family demographics, maternal behaviour, rules and restrictions, and perceived local environment). Linear regression modelling was used to analyse associations with LPA and MVPA separately, interactions with sex were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPA minutes were greater in children whose mothers reported more PA (vs. inactive: regression coefficient±standard error: 6.70±2.94 minutes), and without other children in the neighbourhood to play with (-6.33±2.44). MVPA minutes were greater in children with older siblings (vs. none: 5.81±2.80) and those whose mothers used active transport for short trips (vs. inactive: 6.24±2.95). Children accumulated more MVPA in spring (vs. winter: 9.50±4.03) and, in boys only, less MVPA with availability of other children in the neighbourhood (-3.98±1.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young children's LPA and MVPA have differing associations with a number of social and environmental variables. Interventions targeting PA promotion in young children outside of formal care settings should consider including intensity specific factors.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Esther M F
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Sluijs
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McMinn
authors.forename: Hazel M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Inskip
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D009035:Mothers; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
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