title: Optical biomarkers for breast cancer derived from dynamic diffuse optical tomography.
abstract: Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a noninvasive, nonionizing imaging modality that uses near-infrared light to visualize optically relevant chromophores. A recently developed dynamic DOT imaging system enables the study of hemodynamic effects in the breast during a breath-hold. Dynamic DOT imaging was performed in a total of 21 subjects (age 54±10  years) including 3 healthy subjects and 18 subjects with benign (n=8) and malignant (n=14) masses. Three-dimensional time-series images of the percentage change in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations ([HbO2] and [Hb]) from baseline are obtained over the course of a breath-hold. At a time point of 15 s following the end of the breath-hold, [Hb] in healthy breasts has returned to near-baseline values (1.6%±0.5%), while tumor-bearing breasts have increased levels of [Hb] (6.8%±3.6%, p<0.01). Further, healthy subjects have a higher correlation between the breasts over the course of the breath-hold as compared with the subjects with breast cancer (healthy: 0.96±0.02; benign: 0.89±0.02; malignant: 0.78±0.23, p<0.05). Therefore this study shows that dynamic features extracted from DOT measurements can differentiate healthy and diseased breast tissues. These features provide a physiologic method for identifying breast cancer without the need for ionizing radiation.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027.
authors.forename: Molly L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Flexman
authors.forename: Hyun K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gunther
authors.forename: Emerson A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Desperito
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalinsky
authors.forename: Dawn L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hershman
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hielscher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000503:physiopathology; D062485:Breath Holding; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin