title: Food consumption and nutritional and biochemical status of 0·5-12-year-old Indonesian children: the SEANUTS study.
abstract: Indonesia is currently facing the double burden of malnutrition. While undernutrition is still a major public health problem, the prevalence of overnutrition is increasing. The objective of the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) was to provide up-to-date data on nutritional status, food consumption and biochemical parameters related to nutrition for children aged 0·5-12 years. The SEANUTS study in Indonesia was conducted in a nationwide representative sample of 7·211 children using multistage cluster sampling based on probability proportional to size, stratified for geographical location, in forty-eight out of 440 districts/cities. The results show that the growth (weight for age, height for age, weight for height and BMI for age) of Indonesian pre-school- and school-aged children is below the WHO standards. The older the children, the more the deviation from the WHO standard curves. Underweight was more prevalent in rural areas (28·9 v. 19·2%) and overweight/obesity was observed to be more widespread in urban areas (5·6 v. 3·2%). The prevalence varied with age groups and sexes. The overall prevalence of stunting was 25·2 and 39·2% in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was nearly 55% in children aged 0·5-1·9 years and ranged from 10·6 to 15·5% in children aged 2-12 years. Fe deficiency was observed in 4·1-8·8% of the children. The percentage of children with dietary intakes of energy, protein, and vitamins A and C below the Indonesian RDA was high and differed across urban and rural areas and age groups.
authors.affiliation: SEANUTS Indonesian Team/Persatuan Ahli Gizi Indonesia, Jalan Hang Jebat III/F3, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sandjaja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sandjaja
authors.forename: Basuki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budiman
authors.forename: Heryudarini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harahap
authors.forename: Fitrah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ernawati
authors.forename: Moesijanti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soekatri
authors.forename: Yekti
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Widodo
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sumedi
authors.forename: Effendi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rustan
authors.forename: Gustina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sofia
authors.forename: Sainstiani N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Syarief
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khouw
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000379:methods; D009752:Nutritional Status; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012424:Rural Population; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D014944:World Health Organization