title: Tolerogenic CX3CR1+ B cells suppress food allergy-induced intestinal inflammation in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  B lymphocytes are an important cell population of the immune regulation; their role in the regulation of food allergy has not been fully understood yet.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the role of a subpopulation of tolerogenic B cells (TolBC) in the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and in the suppression of food allergy-induced intestinal inflammation in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intestinal mucosa-derived CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ TolBCs were characterized by flow cytometry; a mouse model of intestinal T helper (Th)2 inflammation was established to assess the immune regulatory role of this subpopulation of TolBCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A subpopulation of CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ B cells was detected in the mouse intestinal mucosa. The cells also expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and carried integrin alpha v beta 6 (αvβ6). Exposure to recombinant αvβ6 and anti-IgM antibody induced naive B cells to differentiate into the TGF-β-producing TolBCs. Coculturing this subpopulation of TolBCs with Th0 cells generated CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs. Adoptive transfer with the TolBCs markedly suppressed the food allergy-induced intestinal Th2 pattern inflammation in mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD5+ CD19+ CX3CR1+ TolBCs are capable of inducing Tregs in the intestine and suppress food allergy-related Th2 pattern inflammation in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004751:Enteritis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C471885:Cx3cr1 protein, mouse; D016023:Integrins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C073878:integrin alphavbeta6
keywords: Th2 response; food allergy; intestine; regulatory T cell; tolerogenic B cell