title: History of dating violence and the association with late adolescent health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present investigation expands upon prior studies by examining the relationship between health in late adolescence and the experience of physical/sexual and non-physical dating violence victimization, including dating violence types that are relevant to today's adolescents (e.g., harassment via email and text messaging). We examined the relationship between physical/sexual and non-physical dating violence victimization from age 13 to 19 and health in late adolescence/early adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 585 subjects (ages 18 to 21; mean age, 19.8, SD = 1.0) recruited from The Ohio State University who completed an online survey to assess: 1) current health (depression, disordered eating, binge drinking, smoking, and frequent sexual behavior); and 2) dating violence victimization from age 13 to 19 (retrospectively assessed using eight questions covering physical, sexual, and non-physical abuse, including technology-related abuse involving stalking/harassment via text messaging and email). Multivariable models compared health indicators in never-exposed subjects to those exposed to physical/sexual or non-physical dating violence only. The multivariable models were adjusted for age and other non-dating abuse victimization (bullying; punched, kicked, choked by a parent/guardian; touched in a sexual place, forced to touch someone sexually).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted analyses, compared to non-exposed females, females with physical/sexual dating violence victimization were at increased risk of smoking (prevalence ratio = 3.95); depressive symptoms (down/hopeless, PR = 2.00; lost interest, PR = 1.79); eating disorders (using diet aids, PR = 1.98; fasting, PR = 4.71; vomiting to lose weight, PR = 4.33); and frequent sexual behavior (5+ intercourse and oral sex partners, PR = 2.49, PR = 2.02; having anal sex, PR = 2.82). Compared to non-exposed females, females with non-physical dating violence only were at increased risk of smoking (PR = 3.61), depressive symptoms (down/hopeless, PR = 1.41; lost interest, PR = 1.36), eating disorders (fasting, PR = 3.37; vomiting, PR = 2.66), having 5+ intercourse partners (PR = 2.20), and having anal sex (PR = 2.18). For males, no health differences were observed for those experiencing physical/sexual dating violence compared to those who did not. Compared to non-exposed males, males with non-physical dating violence only were at increased risk of smoking (PR = 3.91) and disordered eating (fasting, using diet aids, vomiting, PR = 2.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For females, more pronounced adverse health was observed for those exposed to physical/sexual versus non-physical dating violence. For both females and males, non-physical dating violence victimization contributed to poor health.
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Family Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. bonomi@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bonomi
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Julianna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: Frederick P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Rivara
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buettner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003380:Courtship; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009820:Ohio; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
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