title: In vitro infection of pupae with Israeli acute paralysis virus suggests disturbance of transcriptional homeostasis in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
abstract: The ongoing decline of honey bee health worldwide is a serious economic and ecological concern. One major contributor to the decline are pathogens, including several honey bee viruses. However, information is limited on the biology of bee viruses and molecular interactions with their hosts. An experimental protocol to test these systems was developed, using injections of Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) into honey bee pupae reared ex-situ under laboratory conditions. The infected pupae developed pronounced but variable patterns of disease. Symptoms varied from complete cessation of development with no visual evidence of disease to rapid darkening of a part or the entire body. Considerable differences in IAPV titer dynamics were observed, suggesting significant variation in resistance to IAPV among and possibly within honey bee colonies. Thus, selective breeding for virus resistance should be possible. Gene expression analyses of three separate experiments suggest IAPV disruption of transcriptional homeostasis of several fundamental cellular functions, including an up-regulation of the ribosomal biogenesis pathway. These results provide first insights into the mechanisms of IAPV pathogenicity. They mirror a transcriptional survey of honey bees afflicted with Colony Collapse Disorder and thus support the hypothesis that viruses play a critical role in declining honey bee health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Humberto F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Boncristiani
authors.forename: Jay D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pettis
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Dawn L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simone-Finstrom
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tarpy
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rueppell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D056631:Colony Collapse; D056629:Dicistroviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D011679:Pupa / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology
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