title: Interactions between social/ behavioral factors and ADRB2 genotypes may be associated with health at advanced ages in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Existing literature indicates that ADRB2 gene is associated with health and longevity, but none of previous studies investigated associations of carrying the ADRB2 minor alleles and interactions between ADRB2 genotypes and social/behavioral factors(GxE) with health outcomes at advanced ages. This study intends to fill in this research gap.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an exploratory analysis, using longitudinal survey phenotype/genotype data from 877 oldest-old aged 90+. To estimate association of GxE interactions with health outcome, adjusted for the potential correlation between genotypes and social/behavioral factors and various other potentially confounding factors, we develop and test an innovative three-step procedure which combines logistic regression and structural equation methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interaction between regular exercise and carrying rs1042718 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with good cognitive function; interaction between regular exercise and carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with self-reported good health; and interaction between social-leisure activities and carrying rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with self-reported good health. Carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor alleles is significantly and negatively associated with negative emotion, but the ADRB2 SNPs are not significantly associated with cognitive function and self-reported health. Our structural equation analysis found that, adjusted for the confounding effects of correlation of the ADRB2 SNPs with negative emotion, interaction between negative emotion and carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and negatively associated with cognitive function. The positive association of regular exercise and social-leisure activities with cognitive function and self-reported health, and negative association of negative emotion with cognitive function, were much stronger among carriers of rs1042718 or rs1042719 alleles, compared to the non-carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate significant positive associations of interactions between social/behavioral factors and the ADRB2 genotypes with health outcomes of cognitive function and self-reported health, and negative associations of carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor alleles with negative emotion, at advanced ages in China. Our findings are exploratory rather than causal conclusions. This study implies that near-future health promotion programs considering individuals' genetic profiles, with appropriate protection of privacy/confidentiality, would yield increased benefits and reduced costs to the programs and their participants.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Geriatrics Division of School of Medicine, Duke University, Box 3003 Durham, NC 27710, USA. zengyi68@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Lingguo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qihua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Qiushi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Huashuai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fengyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hauser
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012919:Social Behavior
chemical_list: C553443:ADRB2 protein, human; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2
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