title: Quantification of typical antipsychotics in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring.
abstract: A selective and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of seven typical antipsychotic drugs (cis-chlorprothixene, flupentixol, haloperidol, levomepromazine, pipamperone, promazine and zuclopenthixol) in human plasma. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was used for complete separation of the compounds in less than 4.5min on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1mm×50mm; 1.7μm), with a gradient elution of ammonium formate buffer pH 4.0 and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 400μl/min. Detection was performed on a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS) equipped with an electrospray ionization interface. A simple protein precipitation procedure with acetonitrile was used for sample preparation. Thanks to the use of stable isotope-labeled internal standards for all analytes, internal standard-normalized matrix effects were in the range of 92-108%. The method was fully validated to cover large concentration ranges of 0.2-90ng/ml for haloperidol, 0.5-90ng/ml for flupentixol, 1-450ng/ml for levomepromazine, promazine and zuclopenthixol and 2-900ng/ml for cis-chlorprothixene and pipamperone. Trueness (89.1-114.8%), repeatability (1.8-9.9%), intermediate precision (1.9-16.3%) and accuracy profiles (<30%) were in accordance with the latest international recommendations. The method was successfully used in our laboratory for routine quantification of more than 500 patient plasma samples for therapeutic drug monitoring. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the studied drugs with a sample preparation based on protein precipitation.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Hospital of Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Julieta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gradinaru
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vullioud
authors.forename: Chin B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Eap
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ansermot
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007554:Isotopes; D011506:Proteins; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Antipsychotics; Method validation; Protein precipitation; Therapeutic drug monitoring; UHPLC-MS/MS