title: Early detection of liver steatosis by magnetic resonance imaging in rats infused with glucose and intralipid solutions and correlation to insulin levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques allow noninvasive fat quantification. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of MR imaging (MRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS) and histological techniques to detect early-onset liver steatosis in three rat phenotypes assigned to an experimental glucolipotoxic model or a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the institutional committee for the protection of animals. Thirty-two rats (13 young Wistar, 6 old Wistar and 13 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats) fed a standard diet were assigned to a 72h intravenous infusion of glucose and Intralipid fat emulsion or a saline infusion. Plasma insulin levels were measured. Steatosis was quantified in ex vivo livers with gradient-recalled multi-echo MRI, MRS and histology as fat fractions (FF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant correlation was found between multi-echo MRI-FF and MRS-FF (r=0.81, p<0.01) and a weaker correlation was found between histology and MRS-FF (r=0.60, p<0.01). MRS and MRI accurately distinguished young Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki rats receiving the glucose+Intralipid infusion from those receiving the saline control whereas histology did not. Significant correlations were found between MRI or MRS and insulin plasma level (r=0.63, p<0.01; r=0.57, p<0.01), and between MRI or MRS and C-peptide concentration (r=0.54, p<0.01; r=0.44, p<0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multi-echo MRI and MRS may be more sensitive to measure early-onset liver steatosis than histology in an experimental glucolipotoxic rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3J4; Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1; Department of Radiology, Beaujon Hospital, Université Paris VII, 100 Bd du Général Leclerc, 92118 Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Gaspard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Assignies
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fontés
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Latour
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaboury
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: Bernard E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Van Beers
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soulez
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poitout
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012372:ROC Curve; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; FF; Fat fraction; GLU+IL; Glucose+Intralipid; Hepatic steatosis; IP; In-phase; Insulin; MR; MRI; MRS; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAFLD; NASH; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; OP; Opposed-phase; ROC; Receiver operating characteristic; SAL; Saline
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