title: Premenopausal bone health: osteoporosis in premenopausal women.
abstract: This article will discuss the diagnosis of osteoporosis in premenopausal women and the evaluation and management of those with low-trauma fractures and/or low bone mineral density. As secondary causes (glucocorticoid excess, anorexia nervosa, premenopausal estrogen deficiency, and celiac disease) are commonly the underlying cause of osteoporosis in this population, treatment of the underlying condition should be the focus of management. Additional management options, generally reserved for those with major or multiple fractures and/or ongoing bone loss, will also be described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shane
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000209:etiology*; D017697:Premenopause
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents
references.citation: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005 Jun;(435):219-25
references.pmid: 15930942
references.citation: Int J Eat Disord. 2010 Apr;43(3):218-25
references.pmid: 19350651
references.citation: Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2009 Feb;1(1):27-34
references.pmid: 22870425
references.citation: Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Jun;26(6):958-61
references.pmid: 16941198
references.citation: JAMA. 1998 Sep 23-30;280(12):1067-73
references.pmid: 9757854
references.citation: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 Nov;62(11):1515-26
references.pmid: 20662044
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 30;339(5):292-9
references.pmid: 9682041
references.citation: Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2008 Mar;6(1):39-46
references.pmid: 18430399
references.citation: Lupus. 2005;14(7):517-20
references.pmid: 16130506
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2002 Jan 14;162(1):33-6
references.pmid: 11784217
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2009 Dec;20(12):2095-104
references.pmid: 19350340
references.citation: Br J Rheumatol. 1994 Mar;33(3):269-72
references.pmid: 8156291
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2003 Jul;14(6):507-14
references.pmid: 12730757
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jun;90(6):3179-85
references.pmid: 15784715
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1997 Aug 7;337(6):382-7
references.pmid: 9241127
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003 Apr;85(3):423-5
references.pmid: 12729122
references.citation: Injury. 2004 May;35(5):462-6
references.pmid: 15081322
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Apr;20(4):571-8
references.pmid: 15765175
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2005 May;16(5):526-33
references.pmid: 15300364
references.citation: J Bone Miner Metab. 2012 Sep;30(5):596-601
references.pmid: 22105654
references.citation: Endocr Pract. 2000 Jul-Aug;6(4):296-304
references.pmid: 11242606
references.citation: Teratology. 1999 Aug;60(2):68-73
references.pmid: 10440778
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 1997 Apr;60(4):327-31
references.pmid: 9075627
references.citation: Acta Orthop. 2005 Feb;76(1):2-13
references.pmid: 15788303
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD001297
references.pmid: 14583930
references.citation: Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005 Mar;7(1):46-52
references.pmid: 15760580
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 2000 Oct;67(4):277-85
references.pmid: 11000340
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2012 Jan;23(1):171-82
references.pmid: 21365462
references.citation: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008 Nov-Dec;26(6):986-91
references.pmid: 19210860
references.citation: Br J Sports Med. 2006 Jan;40(1):11-24
references.pmid: 16371485
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 1996 Jan;14(1):78-84
references.pmid: 8558225
references.citation: Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Aug;32(1):64-70
references.pmid: 12219322
references.citation: JAMA. 1992 Nov 4;268(17):2403-8
references.pmid: 1404797
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2002;13(4):337-41
references.pmid: 12030549
references.citation: Bone. 2009 Mar;44(3):428-30
references.pmid: 19059370
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jan;88(1):78-81
references.pmid: 12519833
references.citation: Bone. 1994 Sep-Oct;15(5):551-5
references.pmid: 7980966
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Aug;121(2):217-23
references.pmid: 8346538
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;89(8):3903-6
references.pmid: 15292325
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(7):1008-12
references.pmid: 16758139
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Jul;19(7):1092-8
references.pmid: 15176991
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 May;98(5):1971-81
references.pmid: 23543660
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):3095-105
references.pmid: 21832117
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;91(8):2931-7
references.pmid: 16735492
references.citation: Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2010 Sep;8(3):138-44
references.pmid: 20574788
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;91(6):2017-20
references.pmid: 16551739