title: Induced vertical disparity effects on local and global stereopsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although significant amounts of vertical misalignment could have a noticeable effect on visual performance, there is no conclusive evidence about the effect of very small amount of vertical disparity on stereopsis and binocular vision. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of induced vertical disparity on local and global stereopsis at near.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety participants wearing best-corrected refraction had local and global stereopsis tested with 0.5 and 1.0 prism diopter (Δ) vertical prism in front of their dominant and non-dominant eye in turn. This was compared to local and global stereopsis in the same subjects without vertical prism. Data were analyzed in SPSS.17 software using the independent samples T and the repeated measures ANOVA tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induced vertical disparity decreases local and global stereopsis. This reduction is greater when vertical disparity is induced in front of the non-dominant eye and affects global more than local stereopsis. Repeated measures ANOVA showed differences in the mean stereopsis between the different measured states for local and global values. Local stereopsis thresholds were reduced by 10 s of arc or less on average with 1.0Δ of induced vertical prism in front of either eye. However, global stereopsis thresholds were reduced by over 100 s of arc by the same 1.0Δ of induced vertical prism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induced vertical disparity affects global stereopsis thresholds by an order of magnitude (or a factor of 10) more than local stereopsis. Hence, using a test that measures global stereopsis such as the TNO is more sensitive to vertical misalignment than a test such as the Stereofly that measures local stereopsis.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran .
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Momeni-Moghaddam
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eperjesi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kundart
authors.forename: Hamideh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sabbaghi
mesh_terms: D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015357:Vision Disparity; D014787:Vision Tests; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult