title: Anticancer and immunostimulatory role of encapsulated tumor antigen containing cobalt oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prospect of using surface modified cobalt oxide(CoO) nanoparticles as carriers of cancerantigens to human macrophages. N-Phosnomethyliminodiacetic acid (PMIDA) was used for surface modification to overcome the toxic effect of CoO nanoparticles. Here, the phosphonate group of the PMIDA acts as a surface-anchoring agent and the remaining -COOH groups bind nonspecifically with tumor associated antigens. This modification allows the conjugation of human oral carcinoma (KB) cell lysate (CL) as an antigen with PMIDA coated CoO nanoparticles (CL-PMIDA-CoO). Particle characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy studies. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy was used to investigate conjugation of the protein with nanoparticles. Protein encapsulation was confirmed by protein gel electrophoresis. Active uptake of antigen-conjugated nanoparticles by macrophages was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The antitumor activity of the nanocomplex pulsed macrophages was investigated on a human oral carcinoma cell line (KB) in vitro. The modified nanocomplexes upregulate IFN-γ and TNF-α and induce an anticancer immune response by activating macrophages. The use of TNF-α inhibitor confirmed the ability of the CL-PMIDA-CoO nanocomplex to stimulate TNF-α mediated immunostimulation. CL-PMIDA-CoO nanoparticles efficiently increased the CD4(+) population. Thus, our findings provide insight into the use of PMIDA coated CoO nanoparticles as antigen delivery vehicles.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: Totan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Sabyasachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Satyajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Panchanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramanik
authors.forename: Somenath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007098:Imino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007098:Imino Acids; D010087:Oxides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003035:Cobalt; C060728:cobalt oxide; C008109:iminodiacetic acid
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