title: Prospective validation of the computed tomographic angiography spot sign score for intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in high mortality and morbidity for patients. Previous retrospective studies correlated the spot sign score (SSSc) with ICH expansion, mortality, and clinical outcome among ICH survivors. We performed a prospective study to validate the SSSc for the prediction of ICH expansion, mortality, and clinical outcome among survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively included consecutive patients with primary ICH presenting to a single institution for a 1.5-year period. All patients underwent baseline noncontrast computed tomography (CT) and multidetector CT angiography performed within 24 hours of admission and a follow-up noncontrast CT within 48 hours after the initial CT. The ICH volume was calculated on the noncontrast CT images using semiautomated software. The SSSc was calculated on the multidetector CT angiographic source images. We assessed in-hospital mortality and modified Rankin Scale at discharge and at 3 months among survivors. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of hematoma expansion, in-hospital mortality, and poor clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 131 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of the 131 patients, a spot sign was detected in 31 patients (24%). In a multivariate analysis, the SSSc predicted significant hematoma expansion (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-5.39; P≤0.0001), in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.11-7.94; P≤0.0001), and poor clinical outcome (odds ratio, 3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.42; P=0.004). In addition, the SSSc was an accurate grading scale for ICH expansion, modified Rankin Scale at discharge, and in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SSSc demonstrated a strong stepwise correlation with hematoma expansion and clinical outcome in patients with primary ICH.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (J.M.R., H.K., J.H., R.G.G.), Department of Emergency Medicine (J.G.), and Department of Neurology (H.B.B., J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L.); and Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN (J.D.-A.).
authors.forename: Javier M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: H Bart
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Josser E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Delgado Almandoz
authors.forename: Hillary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heit
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosand
authors.forename: R Gilberto
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000473:pathology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: CT angiography; intracerebral hemorrhage; mortality; spot sign; stroke
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