title: The efficacy of the self-adjusting file and ProTaper for removal of calcium hydroxide from root canals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Self-Adjusting File (SAF) and ProTaper for removing calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] from root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six human mandibular incisors were instrumented with the ProTaper system up to instrument F2 and filled with a Ca(OH)2-based dressing. After 7 days, specimens were distributed in two groups (n=15) according to the method of Ca(OH)2 removal. Group I (SAF) was irrigated with 5 mL of NaOCl and SAF was used for 30 seconds under constant irrigation with 5 mL of NaOCl using the Vatea irrigation device, followed by irrigation with 3 mL of EDTA and 5 mL of NaOCl. Group II (ProTaper) was irrigated with 5 mL of NaOCl, the F2 instrument was used for 30 seconds, followed by irrigation with 5 mL of NaOCl, 3 mL of EDTA, and 5 mL of NaOCl. In 3 teeth Ca(OH)2 was not removed (positive control) and in 3 teeth canals were not filled with Ca(OH)2 (negative control). Teeth were sectioned and prepared for the scanning electron microscopy. The amounts of residual Ca(OH)2 were evaluated in the middle and apical thirds using a 5-score system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the techniques completely removed the Ca(OH)2 dressing. No difference was observed between SAF and ProTaper in removing Ca(OH)2 in the middle (P=0.11) and the apical (P=0.23) thirds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SAF system showed similar efficacy to rotary instrument for removal of Ca(OH)2 from mandibular incisor root canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, AraraquaraSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.forename: Alessandra Camila
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ruy
authors.forename: Arturo Javier
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aranda-Garcia
authors.forename: Idomeo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonetti-Filho
authors.forename: Juliane Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
authors.forename: Renato Toledo
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Leonardo
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
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