title: Status epilepticus induces vasogenic edema via tumor necrosis factor-α/ endothelin-1-mediated two different pathways.
abstract: Status epilepticus (SE) induces vasogenic edema in the piriform cortex with disruptions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the mechanisms of vasogenic edema formation following SE are still unknown. Here we investigated the endothelin B (ETB) receptor-mediated pathway of SE-induced vasogenic edema. Following SE, the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated endothelin-1 (ET-1) release and expression in neurons and endothelial cells. In addition, TNF-α-induced ET-1 increased BBB permeability via ETB receptor-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in endothelial cells. ETB receptor activation also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase production in astrocytes. These findings suggest that SE results in BBB dysfunctions via endothelial-astroglial interactions through the TNF-α-ET-1-eNOS/NADPH oxidase pathway, and that these ETB receptor-mediated interactions may be an effective therapeutic strategy for vasogenic edema in various neurological diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do, Republic of Korea ; Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hea Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Tae-Cheon
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
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