title: Enzymatically synthesized glycogen reduces lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese rats.
abstract: Based on a recent study indicating that enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) possesses a dietary, fiber-like action, we hypothesized that ESG can reduce the risk of obesity. In this study, the antiobesity effects of ESG were investigated in a model of diet-induced obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and fed a normal or high-fat diet, with or without 20% ESG, for 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake, lipid deposition in the white adipose tissues and liver, fecal lipid excretion, and plasma lipid profiles were measured. At week 3, the body fat mass was measured using an x-ray computed tomography system, which showed that ESG significantly suppressed the high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation. Similar results were observed in the weight of the adipose tissue after the experiment. Moreover, ESG significantly suppressed the lipid accumulation in the liver but increased fecal lipid excretion. The plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and nonesterified fatty acid were lowered after a high-fat diet, whereas the total bile acid concentration was increased by ESG. However, the hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of enzymes related to lipid metabolism were not affected by ESG. Conversely, the mRNA levels of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were up-regulated by ESG in the muscle. These results suggest that the combined effects of increased fecal lipid excretion, increased mRNA levels of enzymes that oxidize fatty acids in the muscle, and increased total bile acid concentration in the plasma mediate the inhibitory effect of ESG on lipid accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Ezaki Glico Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: furuyashiki-takashi@glico.co.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuyashiki
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamisoyama
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuriki
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashida
mesh_terms: D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006003:Glycogen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; D006003:Glycogen; D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain
keywords: ACC; ACO; Adipose tissue; Bile acid; CHL; CPT; CT; ESG; FAS; Glycogen; HF; LCAD; Liver; MCAD; Muscle; NEFA; Obesity; PL; PPAR; Rat; SCFAs; TBA; TG; UCP; VLCAD; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; acyl-CoA oxidase; cDNA; carnitine palmitoyltransferase; cholesterol; complementary DNA; computed tomography; enzymatically synthesized glycogen; fatty acid synthase; high fat; long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; mRNA; medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; messenger RNA; nonesterified fatty acid; peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor; phospholipid; short-chain fatty acids; total bile acids; triacylglycerol; uncoupling protein; very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase