title: Relationship between Stroop performance and resting state functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed for developing therapeutic interventions. Measures of attentional control in Stroop-type tasks discriminate healthy aging from early stage AD and predict future development of AD in cognitively normal individuals. Disruption in resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) has been reported in AD and in healthy controls at risk for AD. We explored the relationship among Stroop performance, rs-fcMRI, and CSF Aβ₄₂ levels in cognitively normal older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized Stroop task (along with standard neuropsychological measures), rs-fcMRI, and CSF were obtained in 237 cognitively normal older adults. We compared the relationship between Stroop performance, including measures from reaction distributional analyses, and composite scores from four resting state networks (RSNs; default mode [DMN], salience [SAL], dorsal attention [DAN], and sensory-motor [SMN]), and the modulatory influence of CSF Aβ₄₂ levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A larger Stroop effect in errors was associated with reduced rs-fcMRI within the DMN and SAL. Reaction time (RT) distributional analyses indicated the slow tail of the RT distribution was related to reduced rs-fcMRI functional connectivity within the SAL. Standard psychometric measures were not related to RSN composite scores. A relationship between Stroop performance and DMN (but not SAL) functional connectivity was stronger in CSF Aβ₄₂-positive individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A link exists between RSN composite scores and specific attentional performance measures. Both measures may be sensitive biomarkers for AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Duchek
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|Department of Psychology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Balota
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Jewell B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|Department of Radiology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Abraham Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology at Kent State University, Kent, OH.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Tammie L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Benzinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Holtzman
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|The Hope Center at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|The Hope Center at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO.|Department of Bioengineering at Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MOA.
authors.forename: Beau M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ances
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D057190:Stroop Test
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers
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