title: Anal carcinoma: impact of TN category of disease on survival, disease relapse, and colostomy failure in US Gastrointestinal Intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase 3 trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The long-term update of US GI Intergroup RTOG 98-11 anal cancer trial found that concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) with fluorouracil (5-FU) plus mitomycin had a significant impact on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with induction plus concurrent 5-FU plus cisplatin. The intent of the current analysis was to determine the impact of tumor node (TN) category of disease on survival (DFS and OS), colostomy failure (CF), and relapse (local-regional failure [LRF] and distant metastases [DM]) in this patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  DFS and OS were estimated univariately by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and 6 TN categories were compared by the log-rank test (T2N0, T3N0, T4N0, T2N1-3, T3N1-3, and T4N1-3). Time to relapse and colostomy were estimated by the cumulative incidence method, and TN categories were compared using Gray's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 682 patients, 620 were analyzable for outcomes by TN category. All endpoints showed statistically significant differences among the TN categories of disease (OS, P<.0001; DFS, P<.0001; LRF, P<.0001; DM, P=.0011; CF, P=.01). Patients with the poorest OS, DFS, and LRF outcomes were those with T3-4N-positive (+) disease. CF was lowest for T2N0 and T2N+ (11%, 11%, respectively) and worst for the T4N0, T3N+, and T4N+ categories (26%, 27%, 24%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TN category of disease has a statistically significant impact on OS, DFS, LRF, DM, and CF in patients treated with CCRT and provides excellent prognostic information for outcomes in patients with anal carcinoma. Significant challenges remain for patients with T4N0 and T3-4N+ categories of disease with regard to survival, relapse, and CF and lesser challenges for T2-3N0/T2N+ categories.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Scottsdale, Arizona. Electronic address: gunderson.leonard@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Leonard L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gunderson
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moughan
authors.forename: Jaffer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Al B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: Tyvin A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Willett
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003125:Colostomy; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil
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