title: Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension and association with ethnicity in Nigeria: results from a national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-communicable diseases are now a global priority. We report on the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors, including ethnicity, in a nationally representative sample of Nigerian adults recruited to a survey of visual impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sample with probability proportional to size procedures was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of 13 591 subjects aged ≥ 40 years. Of these, 13 504 (99.4%) had a blood pressure measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hypertension was 44.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.5-46.3% ]. Increasing age, gender, urban residence and body mass index were independent risk factors (p < 0.001). The Kanuri ethnic group had the highest prevalence of hypertension (77.5%, 95% CI: 71.0-84.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria is a cause for concern and suggests that it is inevitable that the impact of hypertension-related ill health is imminent, with the accompanying financial and societal costs to families and the state of Nigeria.
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gudlavalleti V S
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Selvaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivasubramaniam
authors.forename: Clare E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Abdull M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.forename: Abdullahi U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Entekume
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors
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