title: A BK (Slo1) channel journey from molecule to physiology.
abstract: Calcium and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels are key actors in cell physiology, both in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and tissues. Through negative feedback between intracellular Ca (2+) and membrane voltage, BK channels provide a damping mechanism for excitatory signals. Molecular modulation of these channels by alternative splicing, auxiliary subunits and post-translational modifications showed that these channels are subjected to many mechanisms that add diversity to the BK channel α subunit gene. This complexity of interactions modulates BK channel gating, modifying the energetic barrier of voltage sensor domain activation and channel opening. Regions for voltage as well as Ca (2+) sensitivity have been identified, and the crystal structure generated by the 2 RCK domains contained in the C-terminal of the channel has been described. The linkage of these channels to many intracellular metabolites and pathways, as well as their modulation by extracellular natural agents, has been found to be relevant in many physiological processes. This review includes the hallmarks of BK channel biophysics and its physiological impact on specific cells and tissues, highlighting its relationship with auxiliary subunit expression.
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile; Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Gustavo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología Vascular (GINFIV); Universidad Nacional de la Plata; La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enrique
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile; Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Carrasquel-Ursulaez
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología Vascular (GINFIV); Universidad Nacional de la Plata; La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Milesi
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neely
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Canales Iónicos; Departamento de Biofísica; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latorre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004194:Disease; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D002118:Calcium
keywords: BK channels; Slo1; auxiliary subunits; diseases; intracellular Ca2+; smooth muscle; voltage sensor
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