title: Proteomic analysis in Daphnia magna exposed to As(III), As(V) and Cd heavy metals and their binary mixtures for screening potential biomarkers.
abstract: In this study, the effects of three widespread heavy metals, As(III), As(V) and Cd, and their binary mixtures on the proteomic profile in D. magna were examined to screen novel protein biomarkers using the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method (2DE). Ten 20d daphnia were exposed to the LC20 concentrations for each of a total of 8 treatments, including the control, As(III), As(V), Cd, [As(III)+As(V)], [As(III)+Cd], [As(V)+Cd], and [As(III), As(V), Cd], for 24h before protein isolation. Three replicates were performed for each treatment. These protein samples were employed for 2DE experiments with a pH gradient gel strip from pH 3 to pH 10. The protein spots were detected by a silver staining process and their intensities were analyzed by Progenesis software to discover the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in response to each heavy metal. A total of 117 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in daphnia responding to the 8 treatments and mapped onto a 2D proteome map, which provides some information of the molecular weight (MW) and pI value for each protein. All of these DEPs are considered as potential candidates for protein biomarkers in D. magna for detecting heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem. Comparing the proteomic results among these treatments suggested that exposing D. magna to binary mixtures of heavy metals may result in some complex interactive molecular responses within them, rather than just the simple sum of the proteomic profiles of the individual chemicals, (As(III), As(V), and Cd).
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Duckjin-dong, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Thai-Hoang
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Eun-Suk
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Nam-Hui
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sung-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yon Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jin Rae
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yang-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jiho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D020543:Proteome; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Binary mixture; Biomarkers; Daphnia magna; Heavy metals; Proteomic