title: Long-term improvements in oral communication skills and quality of peer relations in children with cochlear implants: parental testimony.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few research studies have examined longitudinal improvements in oral communication skills and quality of peer relationships of children with implants. Moreover, although the emerging literature suggests that improvement in social functioning follows improvement in oral communication, it is still unknown what factors enhance or impede the relations between these constructs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on parent interviews, the current study examined the long-term improvements in speech and oral language skills and relationships with hearing peers in 19 implanted children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results demonstrate that on average, children continue to improve in oral communication skills and quality of peer relationships even years after implantation, especially those with initial poorer skills. While oral communication ability and quality of peer relationships are strongly associated at each time point, gains in these two variables are associated only for some of the children. Other factors, including self-confidence and peer acceptance, seem to moderate this relationship. Qualitative data are presented to illustrate these relations among variables and to assist in theory building.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results highlight the need for more specific examination of various developmental periods in combination with the progress of oral communication and peer relationships among children with implants.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Research & Evaluation Services, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bat-Chava
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Imperatore
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000523:psychology; D003142:Communication; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008282:Mainstreaming, Education; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010379:Peer Group; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013060:Speech
keywords: cochlear implant; communication; deaf; inclusion; mainstream school; social relationships