title: Lower limb body composition is associated to knee passive extension torque-angle response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People vary in flexibility regarding maximum joint angle, resistance to stretch and mechanical responses during stretching exercises. Body composition (BC) has been been mentioned as one of the factors for flexibility differences. The aim of this study was to determine how body composition and anthropometric measures of the lower limb is associated with passive knee extension (PKE) torque-angle (T-A) response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five male subjects with poor flexibility performed a maximal PKE repetition (velocity of 2°/s; 90 seconds in the static phase). Knee passive T-A, vastus medialis and semitendinosous electromyographic activity were recorded during the protocol. Viscoelastic stress relaxation (VSR) amplitude, knee passive stiffness (KPS), lower limb body composition assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometry measures were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thigh skeletal muscle and bone mass, as well as thigh perimeter, showed a moderated correlation with passive torque (r = 0.45; r = 0.6; r = 0.59, respectively), joint angle (r = 0.46; r = 0.5; r = 0.5), and VSR (r = 0.46; r = 0.49; r = 0.5). Thigh skeletal muscle was also correlated with KPS (r = 0.42). All these correlations were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive knee extension T-A was found to be moderately correlated with lower limb BC. In particular, thigh perimeter and skeletal muscle mass were associated with knee passive stiffness and viscoelastic stress relaxation. More research is needed to understand what influences joint maximum angle, resistance to stretch and mechanical response to stretching.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: Analiza M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mil-Homens
authors.forename: Ana Isabel
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Carita
keywords: Anthropometry; Body composition; Flexibility; Passive stiffness; Viscoelastic stress relaxation
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