title: Cellular retinol binding protein 1 could be a tumor suppressor gene in cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cervical Cancer (CC) is one of the most important health problems in women. It frequently presents genetic changes at chromosome region 3q21. This region contains the Cellular Retinol Binding Protein 1 gene (CRBP1) which has been implicated as an important element in the development of other types of cancer. The main goal of the present work was to determine the molecular alterations of CRBP1 and its relationship to CC.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the molecular alterations of CRBP1 gene in CC; twenty-six CC and twenty-six healthy cervix samples were evaluated for: 1) Copy number gain by real-time PCR analysis, 2) expression levels by an immunohistochemistry assay on tissue microarray, and 3) the methylation status of the CRBP1 promoter region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in CRBP1 copy number was observed in 10 out of the 26 CC samples analyzed, while healthy cervices samples showed no changes in the copy number. In addition, there was a lack of expression of the CRBP1 gene in an important number of the CC samples (17/26), and the CRBP1 gene promoter was methylated in 15/26 of the CC samples. Interestingly, there was a significant association between the lack of expression of the CRBP1 gene and its methylation status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicates that, both activating and inactivating changes in the CRBP1 gene could be significant events in the development and progression of CC, and the lack of expression of the CRBP1 protein could be related with to the development of CC. We believe that there is enough evidence to consider to CRBP1 gene as a tumor suppressor gene for CC.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de Oncología CMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720 ; Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados IPN, México ; Actual address: AV, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Milpa Alta, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Méx.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arreola
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valdivia
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Serna
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Hernández
authors.forename: Lucero
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marrero-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meraz
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salcedo
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C518456:RBP1 protein, human; D054840:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular
keywords: CRBP1; Cervical cancer; copy number; expression; suppressor gene
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