title: Validity and suitability of the Bayley-III Low Motor/Vision version: a comparative study among young children with and without motor and/or visual impairments.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the validity of the Bayley-III Low Motor/Vision version, and its suitability for children with motor and/or visual impairment(s). This version contains accommodated items, that is, adaptations to minimize impairment bias, without altering what the test measures. We hypothesized that the accommodations would not affect the item scores of children without impairment, and that children with impairment(s) would benefit from the accommodations. We tested 41 children without impairment and 63 children with impairment with both the standard Bayley-III and the Low Motor/Vision versions, in randomly counterbalanced order. The test administrators filled in an evaluation form. Results showed that the accommodations did not affect the test scores of children without impairment and did improve the test scores of children with impairment on the Cognition scale, while no improvement was found for the other scales. The test administrators indicated that the vast majority of the children with impairment had been able to show their abilities on the test and that the accommodations were beneficial in 29 out of these 52 cases. For some children, the accommodated instrument appeared to be unsuitable because the impairment was too severe. The conclusion is that the accommodations improve the validity of the Bayley-III when used with children with mild to moderate motor and/or visual impairment, especially with regard to the Cognition scale.
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712TJ Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Linda.Visser@rug.nl.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Selma A J
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ruiter
authors.forename: Bieuwe F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Van der Meulen
authors.forename: Wied A J J M
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ruijssenaars
authors.forename: Marieke E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Timmerman
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Accommodations; Developmental assessment; Motor impairment; Visual impairment; Young children