title: Do methicillin resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) carrier patients influence MRSA infection more than MRSA-carrier medical officers and MRSA-carrier family?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine the rate of MRSA-carrier among patients, family members and health care providers, and the association between MRSA-carrier family members and health care providers on MRSA infection patient after orthopaedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  this is a cross-sectional analytical study. Samples were taken consecutively during December 2010 to December 2011, consisting of postoperative patients infected with MRSA, attending family members, and the medical officers with history of contact with the patient. Swab culture were taken from nasal and axilla of all subjects. The incidence of MRSA infection, and MRSA-carrier on the patient, family members and medical officers were presented descriptively, while their association with MRSA infection was statistically tested using Fischer exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  during the study period, there were 759 surgeries, with 4 (0.5%) patients were identified to have MRSA infection. Of these four cases, 48 subjects were enrolled. The rate of MRSA-carrier among patients, family and health care providers were 50%, 25% and 0% respectively. There were no significant association between MRSA and the rates of MRSA-carrier on the family member or health care providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the incidence of MRSA infection, MRSA-carrier patient, MRSA-carrier health care providers, and family member carrier were 0.5%, 50%, 0%, and 25% respectively. No significant association found between MRSA-carrier on the family member or health care providers and MRSA infection patient. There were no MRSA infection found on the health care provider.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ismail H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Dilogo
authors.forename: Abikara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.lastname: Phedy
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loho
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla / Q000382:microbiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D009726:Nurses; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D010820:Physicians; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology*