title: Biofortified cassava with pro-vitamin A is sensory and culturally acceptable for consumption by primary school children in Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biofortification of cassava with pro-vitamin A can potentially reduce vitamin A deficiency in low-income countries. However, little is known about consumer acceptance of this deep yellow variety of cassava compared to the commonly available white varieties. We aimed to determine the sensory and cultural acceptability of the consumption of pro-vitamin A rich cassava in order to identify key factors predicting the intention to consume pro-vitamin A rich cassava by families with school-aged children in Eastern Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensory acceptability was measured by replicated discrimination tests and paired preference tests among 30 children (7-12 yr) and 30 caretakers (18-45 yr) in three primary schools. Cultural acceptability was assessed with a questionnaire based on the combined model of The Theory of Planned Behavior and The Health Belief Model in one primary school among 140 caretakers of children aged 6 to 12 years. Correlations and multivariate analyses were used to determine associations between summed scores for model constructs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caretakers and children perceived a significant difference in taste between white and pro-vitamin A rich cassava. Both preferred pro-vitamin A rich cassava over white cassava because of its soft texture, sweet taste and attractive color. Knowledge about pro-vitamin A rich cassava and it's relation to health ('Knowledge' ((β = 0.29, P = <.01)) was a strong predictor of 'Health behavior identity'. Worries related to bitter taste and color ('Perceived barriers 1' (β = -0.21, P = .02)), the belief of the caretaker about having control to prepare cassava ('Control beliefs' (β = 0.18, P = .02)) and activities like information sessions about pro-vitamin A rich cassava and recommendations from health workers ('Cues to action'(β = 0.51, P = <.01)) were the best predictors of intention to consume pro-vitamin A rich cassava.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pro-vitamin A rich cassava is well accepted by school children in our study population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elise F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Talsma
authors.forename: Alida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melse-Boonstra
authors.forename: Brenda P H
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: de Kok
authors.forename: Gloria N K
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Mbera
authors.forename: Alice M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: Inge D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Brouwer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003469:Culture; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D002365:Manihot / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012574:Schools; D012677:Sensation; D013334:Students; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A
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