title: A reduce and replace strategy for suppressing vector-borne diseases: insights from a deterministic model.
abstract: Genetic approaches for controlling disease vectors have aimed either to reduce wild-type populations or to replace wild-type populations with insects that cannot transmit pathogens. Here, we propose a Reduce and Replace (R&R) strategy in which released insects have both female-killing and anti-pathogen genes. We develop a mathematical model to numerically explore release strategies involving an R&R strain of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. We show that repeated R&R releases may lead to a temporary decrease in mosquito population density and, in the absence of fitness costs associated with the anti-pathogen gene, a long-term decrease in competent vector population density. We find that R&R releases more rapidly reduce the transient and long-term competent vector densities than female-killing releases alone. We show that releases including R&R females lead to greater reduction in competent vector density than male-only releases. The magnitude of reduction in total and competent vectors depends upon the release ratio, release duration, and whether females are included in releases. Even when the anti-pathogen allele has a fitness cost, R&R releases lead to greater reduction in competent vectors than female-killing releases during the release period; however, continued releases are needed to maintain low density of competent vectors long-term. We discuss the results of the model as motivation for more detailed studies of R&R strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Alun L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D005260:Female; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013997:Time Factors
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