title: Glyphosate applications on arable fields considerably coincide with migrating amphibians.
abstract: Glyphosate usage is increasing worldwide and the application schemes of this herbicide are currently changing. Amphibians migrating through arable fields may be harmed by Glyphosate applied to field crops. We investigated the population-based temporal coincidence of four amphibian species with Glyphosate from 2006 to 2008. Depending on a) age- and species-specific main migration periods, b) crop species, c) Glyphosate application mode for crops, and d) the presumed DT50 value (12 days or 47 days) of Glyphosate, we calculated up to 100% coincidence with Glyphosate. The amphibians regularly co-occur with pre-sowing/pre-emerging Glyphosate applications to maize in spring and with stubble management prior to crop sowing in late summer and autumn. Siccation treatment in summer coincides only with early pond-leaving juveniles. We suggest in-depth investigations of both acute and long-term effects of Glyphosate applications on amphibian populations not only focussed on exposure during aquatic periods but also terrestrial life stages.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscapes Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graef
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000502:physiology*; D025041:Animal Migration / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D005998:Glycine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate
references.citation: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004 Aug;47(2):234-9
references.pmid: 15386149
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2009 Nov;157(11):2903-27
references.pmid: 19500891
references.citation: Chem Res Toxicol. 2010 Oct 18;23(10):1586-95
references.pmid: 20695457
references.citation: Ecol Appl. 2007 Dec;17(8):2298-309
references.pmid: 18213970
references.citation: Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004 Jul;23(7):1737-42
references.pmid: 15230326
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Apr 13;404(6779):752-5
references.pmid: 10783886
references.citation: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Apr;78:128-33
references.pmid: 22137360
references.citation: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2005 Oct;75(4):662-9
references.pmid: 16400545
references.citation: Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Apr;64(4):319-25
references.pmid: 18273882
references.citation: Sci Rep. 2013;3:1135
references.pmid: 23350038
references.citation: Biol Lett. 2006 Mar 22;2(1):140-3
references.pmid: 17148348
references.citation: Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Nov;30(11):2465-72
references.pmid: 21898550