title: Effect of impulse control disorders on disability and quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients.
abstract: Impulse control and related disorders (ICRD) are not uncommon in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ICRD on quality of life (QoL) and disability in PD. From two movement disorder clinics in Sydney, Australia, 100 consecutive patients with PD were included in the trial. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Mini Mental State Examination and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 were used to measure disease severity, cognition and disease-specific QoL. The diagnosis of ICRD was based on face-to-face structured clinical interviews by three psychiatrists with experience in ICRD using the Expanded Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Related/Spectrum Disorders. ICRD were present in 15% of our patient population, and had a negative impact on QoL and Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scores. After adjusting for the presence of major depressive disorders and PD duration, the effect on emotional wellbeing remained statistically significant (p<0.004). Disease duration also correlated with worse QoL and ADL scores. Major depression disorders reduced QoL but not ADL. Patients with ICRD tended to suffer more from depression than those without ICRD. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, major depressive disorders, PD duration, total levodopa equivalent daily dose, use of dopamine agonists, or UPDRS motor score between patients with and without ICDR.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Nepean Clinical School, NSW, Australia; Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Phu
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Zheyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Nepean Clinical School, NSW, Australia; Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Vlasios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brakoulias
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahant
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Victor S C
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory De
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Nepean Clinical School, NSW, Australia; Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Starcevic
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Nepean Clinical School, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Electronic address: martin.krause@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Activity of daily living; Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; Impulse control and related disorders; Quality of life