title: Personal and environmental characteristics associated with choice of active transport modes versus car use for different trip purposes of trips up to 7.5 kilometers in The Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This explorative study examines personal and neighbourhood characteristics associated with short-distance trips made by car, bicycle or walking in order to identify target groups for future interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from 'Mobility Research Netherlands (2004-2009; MON)', a dataset including information regarding trips made by household members (n = ±53,000 respondents annually). Using postal codes of household addresses, MON data were enriched with data on neighbourhood typologies. Multilevel logistic modelling was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) of active transport versus car use associated with four different trip purposes (shopping (reference), commuting, taking or bringing persons or sports). A total of 277,292 short distance trips made by 102,885 persons were included in analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to women shopping, women less often take active transport to sports clubs (OR = 0.88) and men less often take active transport for shopping (OR = 0.92), or for bringing or taking persons (OR = 0.76). Those aged 25-34 years (OR = 0.83) and 35-44 years (OR = 0.96) were more likely to use active transport for taking or bringing persons than persons belonging to the other age groups (relative to trips made for shopping by those 65 years or over). A higher use of active transport modes by persons with an university or college degree was found and particularly persons living in urban-centre neighbourhoods were likely to use active transport modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IN DEVELOPING POLICIES PROMOTING A MODE SHIFT SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE FOLLOWING GROUPS: a) men making short distance trips for taking or bringing persons, b) women making short distance trips to sport facilities, c) persons belonging to the age groups of 25-44 years of age, d) Persons with a primary school or lower general secondary education degree and persons with a high school or secondary school degree and e) persons living in rural or urban-green neighbourhoods.
authors.affiliation: VU University Amsterdam, Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wendel-Vos
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Kempen
authors.forename: Luc Int
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Panis
authors.forename: Jolanda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stipdonk
authors.forename: Menno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: den Hertog
authors.forename: Brigit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staatsen
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Wesemael
authors.forename: Jantine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schuit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001336:Automobiles; D001642:Bicycling; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009426:Netherlands; D012737:Sex Factors; D014186:Transportation; D014195:Travel; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Health Educ Res. 2008 Aug;23(4):697-708
references.pmid: 17947248
references.citation: Health Educ Res. 2003 Dec;18(6):649-63; discussion 664-77
references.pmid: 14654499
references.citation: Am J Prev Med. 2010 Aug;39(2):113-21
references.pmid: 20621258
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2001 Jan;52(1):1-10
references.pmid: 11144909
references.citation: Inj Prev. 2003 Sep;9(3):205-9
references.pmid: 12966006
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Aug;118(8):1109-16
references.pmid: 20587380
references.citation: BMJ. 2011 Aug 04;343:d4521
references.pmid: 21816732
references.citation: Aust N Z J Public Health. 2011 Feb;35(1):54-60
references.pmid: 21299701
references.citation: Prev Med. 2008 Jan;46(1):9-13
references.pmid: 17475317
references.citation: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010 Dec 10;7:89
references.pmid: 21143948
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jul 13;169(13):1216-23
references.pmid: 19597071
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2008 Jun 10;8:206
references.pmid: 18544169
references.citation: Ann Behav Med. 2003 Spring;25(2):80-91
references.pmid: 12704009
references.citation: Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13(4):412-21
references.pmid: 22817557
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2003 Sep;93(9):1478-83
references.pmid: 12948966
references.citation: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 May 29;8:52
references.pmid: 21619697
references.citation: Environ Int. 2011 May;37(4):766-77
references.pmid: 21419493