title: The evaluation of prevalence of fibromyalgia in patients with chronic urticaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathophysiology of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is not fully understood; however, it has been hypothesized that a subset of people with CIU may have an autoimmune disease and that peripheral cutaneous nerve fibers may be involved in CIU. Similarly, it has been postulated that fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is an autoimmune disorder and may be associated with alterations of peripheral cutaneous nerve fibers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine whether the frequency of FMS is higher in patients with CIU.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 patients with CIU and 67 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included. Urticaria activity score (UAS), fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), tender point number, and visual analogue scale (VAS) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of FMS was similar between the groups (9.7% vs. 4.5%, p=0.32). However, symptom duration of FMS was significantly longer, and tender point number and FIQ were significantly higher in patients with CIU than in controls. In addition, patients with CIU had significantly higher VAS scores. UAS was significantly correlated with presence of FMS, symptom duration of FMS, tender point number, and FIQ and VAS scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that UAS was an independent predictor of presence of FMS (b=0.34, p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequency of FMS was slightly, but not significantly, higher in patients with CIU than in controls. However, symptom duration of FMS, tender point number, and FIQ and VAS scores were significantly higher in patients with CIU, and UAS reflecting severity of the disease was significantly and independently associated with presence of FMS.
authors.affiliation: Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yener
authors.forename: Ijlal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erturan
authors.forename: Ali Murat
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ceyhan
authors.forename: Esra Erkol
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.forename: Oya Oylum
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Kazanoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012372:ROC Curve; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014581:Urticaria / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
references.citation: Scand J Rheumatol. 1997;26(4):308-13
references.pmid: 9310112
references.citation: Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008 Sep-Oct;29(5):433-8
references.pmid: 18926050
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Feb;33(2):160-72
references.pmid: 2306288
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2006 Apr;33(4):827-8
references.pmid: 16583491
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Apr;105(4):664-72
references.pmid: 10756214
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989 Jul;84(1):66-71
references.pmid: 2754146
references.citation: Br J Dermatol. 1969 Aug;81(8):588-97
references.pmid: 5801331
references.citation: Rheumatol Int. 2000 Dec;20(1):9-12
references.pmid: 11149662
references.citation: Exp Dermatol. 1998 Apr-Jun;7(2-3):81-96
references.pmid: 9583747
references.citation: Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Mar;27(3):407-11
references.pmid: 18323007
references.citation: J Rheumatol Suppl. 2005 Aug;75:1-5
references.pmid: 16078355
references.citation: Br J Dermatol. 1986 May;114(5):583-90
references.pmid: 3718848
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Apr;99(4):461-5
references.pmid: 9111489
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2003 Jan;30(1):146-50
references.pmid: 12508404
references.citation: Acta Derm Venereol. 2009;89(4):389-92
references.pmid: 19688152
references.citation: Allergy. 2006 Mar;61(3):316-20
references.pmid: 16436140
references.citation: Allergy. 2006 Mar;61(3):321-31
references.pmid: 16436141
references.citation: Arch Dermatol. 2003 Nov;139(11):1479-88
references.pmid: 14623709
references.citation: Med Hypotheses. 2007;69(1):141-4
references.pmid: 17215086
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Sep;114(3):465-74; quiz 475
references.pmid: 15356542
references.citation: Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Oct;5(5):419-24
references.pmid: 16131917