title: Dietary composition and its associations with insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in youth.
abstract: The objectives of the present study were to examine the associations between macronutrient intake and insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion (ISct), taking into consideration moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fitness and sedentary behaviour. Caucasian youth (n 630) aged 8-10 years at recruitment, with at least one obese biological parent, were studied (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth cohort). IS was measured using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance and Matsuda IS index. ISct was measured using HOMA2%-β, the ratio of the AUC of insulin:glucose over the first 30 min (AUC I/G(t= 30 min)) of the oral glucose tolerance test and AUC I/G(t= 120 min) over 2 h. Fitness was measured using VO₂(peak), percentage of fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 7 d MVPA using accelerometry; screen time (ST) by average daily hours of self-reported television, video game or computer use. Dietary composition was measured using three non-consecutive dietary recalls. Non-parametric smoothing splines were used to model non-linear associations; all models were adjusted for age, sex, season, pubertal stage, MVPA, fitness, ST and adiposity. The percentage of total daily energy from dietary protein, fat, saturated fat and carbohydrate and the consumption of dietary vitamin D, sugar-sweetened beverages, fibre and portions of fruits and vegetables were taken into consideration. No dietary component was associated with any measure of IS after adjusting for MVPA, fitness, ST and adiposity. For every 1% increase in daily protein intake (%), AUC I/G(t= 30 min) decreased by 1·1% (P= 0·033). Otherwise, dietary composition was not associated with ISct. While long-term excess of energy intake has been shown to lead to overweight and obesity, dietary macronutrient composition is not independently correlated with IS or ISct in youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.affiliation: School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gray-Donald
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology; D010290:Parents; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011792:Quebec
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin