title: Tracking MPOWER in 14 countries: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2008-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Organization (WHO) MPOWER is a technical package of six tobacco control measures that assist countries in meeting their obligations of the WHO Framework Convention Tobacco Control and are proven to reduce tobacco use. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) systematically monitors adult tobacco use and tracks key tobacco control indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  GATS is a nationally representative household survey of adults aged 15 and older, using a standard and consistent protocol across countries; it includes information on the six WHO MPOWER measures. GATS Phase I was conducted from 2008-2010 in 14 high-burden low- and middle-income countries. We selected one key indicator from each of the six MPOWER measures and compared results across 14 countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current tobacco use prevalence rates ranged from 16.1% in Mexico to 43.3% in Bangladesh. We found that the highest rate of exposure to secondhand smoke in the workplace was in China (63.3%). We found the highest 'smoking quit attempt' rates in the past 12 months among cigarette smokers in Viet Nam (55.3%) and the lowest rate was in the Russian Federation (32.1%). In five of the 14 countries, more than one-half of current smokers in those 5 countries said they thought of quitting because of health warning labels on cigarette packages. The Philippines (74.3%) and the Russian Federation (68.0%) had the highest percentages of respondents noticing any cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Manufactured cigarette affordability ranged from 0.6% in Russia to 8.0% in India.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring tobacco use and tobacco control policy achievements is crucial to managing and implementing measures to reverse the epidemic. GATS provides internationally-comparable data that systematically monitors and tracks the progress of the other five MPOWER measures.
authors.affiliation: Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA Ysong2@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Luhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Krishna Mohan
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Palipudi
authors.affiliation: Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asma
authors.affiliation: Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Tobacco Control Initiatives, CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Talley
authors.affiliation: Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.affiliation: Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization (WHO), Brazzaville, Congo.
authors.forename: Nivo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramanandraibe
authors.affiliation: Regional Office for the Americas, WHO, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caixeta
authors.affiliation: Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, WHO, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fouad
authors.affiliation: Regional Office for Europe, WHO, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rula
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: South-East Asia Regional Office, WHO, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Dhirendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Western Pacific Regional Office, WHO, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rarick
authors.affiliation: Headquarters, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bettcher
authors.affiliation: Headquarters, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peruga
authors.affiliation: Headquarters, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deland
authors.affiliation: Headquarters, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Edouard Tursan
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: D'Espaignet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Centers for Disease Control; Global Adult Tobacco Survey; MPOWER; World Health Organization; policy; questionnaire; quitting rates; smoking; surveillance; tobacco; tobacco control; tobacco taxes