title: Fluid intake history and counseling in pediatric outpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if (a) during well visits physicians are discussing 6 common fluids and (b) if there is any association between fluid discussion and patient age, gender, or body mass index.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective chart review of 500 pediatric well visits. We analyzed the relationships between history and/or counseling on fluid intake and patient age, gender, and body mass index percentile using logistic regression and likelihood ratio chi-square testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caffeinated beverages were discussed more with overweight/obese patients compared with normal weight patients. Juice, caffeinated, and carbonated beverages were all discussed more with obese patients compared with overweight patients. Water, carbonated, and caffeinated beverages were discussed more with older patients, and milk with younger patients. Juice was discussed more with female patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatricians discuss high-calorie fluids more frequently with obese children but not more frequently with overweight children, which may be an optimal time to prevent obesity.
authors.affiliation: 1Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sharif
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004219:District of Columbia; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: counseling; history; obesity; prevention