title: Direct and bystander radiation effects: a biophysical model and clinical perspectives.
abstract: In planning treatment for each new patient, radiation oncologists pay attention to the aspects that they control. Thus their attention is usually focused on volume and dose. The dilemma for the physician is how to protract the treatment in a way that maximizes control of the tumor and minimizes normal tissue injury. The initial radiation-induced damage to DNA may be a biological indicator of the quantity of energy transferred to the DNA. However, until now the biophysical models proposed cannot explain either the early or the late adverse effects of radiation, and a more general theory appears to be required. The bystander component of tumor cell death after radiotherapy measured in many experimental works highlights the importance of confirming these observations in a clinical situation.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrín, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, CP 35010, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro Carlos
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Conocimiento 2, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús Joaquín
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: López-Peñalver
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Conocimiento 2, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Virgínea de Araújo
authors.initials: Vde A
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Conocimiento 2, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, Avda. Conocimiento 4, 18016 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Conocimiento 2, 18016 Granada, Spain; Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Dr. Olóriz s/n, 18012 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: jmrdar@ugr.es.
authors.forename: José Mariano
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Almodóvar
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000528:radiation effects*; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000528:radiation effects; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D011836:Radiation Tolerance
keywords: Bystander effect; DNA damage; Ionizing radiation; Radiotherapy; Side-effects