title: Amelioration of acidic soil increases the toxicity of the weak base carbendazim to the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
abstract: Ameliorating acidic soils is a common practice and may affect the bioavailability of an ionizable organic pollutant to organisms. The toxicity of the weak base carbendazim to the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was studied in an acidic soil (pH-H₂O, 4.6) and in the ameliorated soil (pH-H₂O, 7.5). The results indicated that the median lethal concentration of carbendazim for E. fetida decreased from 21.8 mg/kg in acidic soil to 7.35 mg/kg in the ameliorated soil. To understand why the amelioration increased carbendazim toxicity to the earthworm, the authors measured the carbendazim concentrations in the soil porewater. The authors found increased carbendazim concentrations in porewater, resulting in increased toxicity of carbendazim to earthworms. The increased pore concentrations result from decreased adsorption because of the effects of pH and calcium ions.
authors.forename: Kailin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shaoyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xiangying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002219:Carbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C006698:carbendazim; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide