title: Nocturia Quality-of-Life questionnaire is a useful tool to predict nocturia and a risk of falling in Japanese outpatients: a cross-sectional survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the Japanese version of the Nocturia Quality-of-Life questionnaire for prediction of night-time voiding and risk of falling.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was carried out from October 2008 to June 2009 in outpatients at 15 general hospitals and 80 general clinics in Tochigi, Japan, using the Nocturia Quality-of-Life questionnaire, overactive bladder symptom score and self-administered questionnaires on night-time symptoms (awakening, number of voids, incontinence and falling).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey was completed by 2494 participants (1154 men, 1208 women; mean age 63.2 ± 15.1 years). Overactive bladder was diagnosed in 625 participants (25.1%) according to the Japanese overactive bladder guideline using overactive bladder symptom score. Awakening during sleep was reported by 80.1% of the participants, and 70.4% awakened to go to the toilet. The mean Nocturia Quality-of-Life score was 86.8 ± 16.9. The Nocturia Quality-of-Life score was lower in patients with overactive bladder, benign prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The Nocturia Quality-of-Life score was significantly decreased in patients with night-time symptoms (P < 0.001). Nocturia Quality-of-Life scores and those for subdomains were correlated with overactive bladder symptom score. Nocturia Quality-of-Life ≤90 had 63.1% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity in indicating night-time voiding more than twice, and Nocturia Quality-of-Life questionnaire ≤80 had 70.2% sensitivity and 79.5% specificity in indicating the probability of falling at least once. Logistic analysis showed that 10-year increase in age and overactive bladder in all participants were significant risk factors for Nocturia Quality-of-Life ≤90.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Nocturia Quality-of-Life questionnaire represents a useful tool to predict nocturia and risk of falling in Japanese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Neurology, Continence Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuse
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamai
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010045:Outpatients; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Nocturia Quality-of-Life questionnaire; falling; nocturia; overactive bladder; overactive bladder symptom score