title: Metalloid compounds as drugs.
abstract: The six elements commonly known as metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Metalloid containing compounds have been used as antiprotozoal drugs. Boron-based drugs, the benzoxaboroles have been exploited as potential treatments for neglected tropical diseases. Arsenic has been used as a medicinal agent and arsphenamine was the main drug used to treat syphilis. Arsenic trioxide has been approved for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Pentavalent antimonials have been the recommended drug for visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Tellurium (IV) compounds may have important roles in thiol redox biological activity in the human body, and ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-O, O'-)tellurate (AS101) may be a promising agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Organosilicon compounds have been shown to be effective in vitro multidrug-resistance reverting agents.
authors.affiliation: PCTE Institute of Pharmacy, near Baddowal Cantt, Ludhiana-142 021, India.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sekhon
keywords: Antimony; Arsenic; Boron; Germanium; Metalloid; Silicon
references.citation: Ther Deliv. 2011 Jun;2(6):793-806
references.pmid: 22822509
references.citation: J Chem Educ. 1977 Nov;54(11):662-5
references.pmid: 925101
references.citation: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008 Aug;29(8):881-90
references.pmid: 18664320
references.citation: Cancer Treat Rev. 2007 Oct;33(6):542-64
references.pmid: 17624680
references.citation: J Appl Toxicol. 2010 Jan;30(1):34-41
references.pmid: 19757410
references.citation: Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2012 Jan 28;2:11-9
references.pmid: 24533267
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2009 Jul 23;52(14):4192-9
references.pmid: 19537716
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2008 Feb 28;51(4):1068-72
references.pmid: 18247547
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2009 Apr 23;52(8):2603-12
references.pmid: 19317451
references.citation: EMBO Rep. 2009 Feb;10(2):125-8
references.pmid: 19182828
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2010 Apr;30(4):1157-62
references.pmid: 20530422
references.citation: Semin Cancer Biol. 2012 Feb;22(1):60-9
references.pmid: 22202556
references.citation: Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011 Dec;24(6):586-92
references.pmid: 22001943
references.citation: Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2007;1(3):186-92
references.pmid: 19076032
references.citation: Small. 2010 Sep 20;6(18):1952-67
references.pmid: 20690133
references.citation: Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2011 Sep;8(3):269-76
references.pmid: 21291408
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2006 Jul 27;49(15):4447-50
references.pmid: 16854048
references.citation: Leukemia. 2007 Apr;21(4):838-42
references.pmid: 17268529
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2005 Jan 28;44(6):941-4
references.pmid: 15624113
references.citation: Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1759-61
references.pmid: 17588934
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(6):e1674
references.pmid: 22724029
references.citation: FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1870-83
references.pmid: 17314138
references.citation: Korean J Parasitol. 2009 Sep;47(3):213-8
references.pmid: 19724693
references.citation: An Acad Bras Cienc. 2009 Sep;81(3):393-407
references.pmid: 19722011
references.citation: Mini Rev Med Chem. 2011 Oct;11(12):1031-8
references.pmid: 21861808
references.citation: J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2007 Jun;27(6):453-62
references.pmid: 17572009
references.citation: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;61(3):443-51
references.pmid: 17464509
references.citation: Met Based Drugs. 2008;2008:260146
references.pmid: 18431449
references.citation: Mol Biol Int. 2011;2011:571242
references.pmid: 22091408
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2011 May 1;17(9):2734-43
references.pmid: 21364033
references.citation: J Inorg Biochem. 2008 Apr;102(4):656-65
references.pmid: 18061680
references.citation: Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009 May;6(5):485-98
references.pmid: 19413456
references.citation: Helv Chim Acta. 1971;54(6):1709-13
references.pmid: 5131791
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Jun;5(6):e1151
references.pmid: 21738803
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Dec;1010:659-66
references.pmid: 15033807
references.citation: Chem Soc Rev. 2011 Aug;40(8):4279-85
references.pmid: 21298158
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2004 Mar-Apr;24(2B):865-71
references.pmid: 15161039
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1996 Jun;60(6):1036-7
references.pmid: 8695905
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Jan 1;82(1):e67-75
references.pmid: 21300462
references.citation: Org Lett. 2011 Apr 1;13(7):1787-9
references.pmid: 21381688
references.citation: Blood. 2011 Jun 16;117(24):6425-37
references.pmid: 21422471
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2008 Jan;33(1):20-6
references.pmid: 18068370
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2011 Jul 14;54(13):4365-77
references.pmid: 21634429
references.citation: J Hematol Oncol. 2010 Aug 26;3:28
references.pmid: 20796291
references.citation: Future Med Chem. 2011 Aug;3(10):1259-78
references.pmid: 21859301
references.citation: J Inflamm (Lond). 2010 Jan 20;7(1):3
references.pmid: 20205748
references.citation: Acc Chem Res. 2007 Apr;40(4):267-74
references.pmid: 17330963
references.citation: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;679:v-vi
references.pmid: 20666219
references.citation: In Vivo. 2006 Jan-Feb;20(1):137-40
references.pmid: 16433042
references.citation: Invest New Drugs. 1983;1(3):225-34
references.pmid: 6678870
references.citation: Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Dec;7(12):4267-77
references.pmid: 21318007
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 2010 Feb;148(4):569-81
references.pmid: 19958357
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2010 Dec 23;53(24):8619-26
references.pmid: 21077681
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24820
references.pmid: 21969862
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Aug;13(8B):1653-1665
references.pmid: 19602035
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Sep;5(9):e1308
references.pmid: 21909447
references.citation: Chem Soc Rev. 2011 Feb;40(2):596-607
references.pmid: 21049136
references.citation: Leukemia. 2002 Apr;16(4):433-43
references.pmid: 11960320
references.citation: Int J Radiat Biol. 2009 Mar;85(3):214-26
references.pmid: 19296338
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2011 Dec;31(12):4169-78
references.pmid: 22199276
references.citation: Mini Rev Med Chem. 2006 Oct;6(10):1169-77
references.pmid: 17073717
references.citation: Future Med Chem. 2009 Oct;1(7):1275-88
references.pmid: 21426103
references.citation: Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1983;17(1):37-43
references.pmid: 6346476