title: A guide for measurement of circulating metabolic hormones in rodents: Pitfalls during the pre-analytical phase.
abstract: Researchers analyse hormones to draw conclusions from changes in hormone concentrations observed under specific physiological conditions and to elucidate mechanisms underlying their biological variability. It is, however, frequently overlooked that also circumstances occurring after collection of biological samples can significantly affect the hormone concentrations measured, owing to analytical and pre-analytical variability. Whereas the awareness for such potential confounders is increasing in human laboratory medicine, there is sometimes limited consensus about the control of these factors in rodent studies. In this guide, we demonstrate how such factors can affect reliability and consequent interpretation of the data from immunoassay measurements of circulating metabolic hormones in rodent studies. We also compare the knowledge about such factors in rodent studies to recent recommendations established for biomarker studies in humans and give specific practical recommendations for the control of pre-analytical conditions in metabolic studies in rodents.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bielohuby
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popp
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bidlingmaier
keywords: Hormone measurement; Immunoassay; Mouse; Pre-analytical variability; Rat; Sample processing
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2011 Dec;152(12):4764-76
references.pmid: 21971154
references.citation: Horm Res. 2005;64 Suppl 2:1-5
references.pmid: 16286762
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2008;428:35-42
references.pmid: 18287766
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011 Jul;49(7):1113-26
references.pmid: 21517699
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012 Feb 03;50(5):771-89
references.pmid: 22628324
references.citation: Alzheimers Dement. 2012 Jan;8(1):65-73
references.pmid: 22047631
references.citation: Vet J. 2004 May;167(3):294-301
references.pmid: 15080879
references.citation: Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1996 Dec;34(12):983-99
references.pmid: 8986407
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2007 Feb;53(2):358-9
references.pmid: 17259248
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Nov;289(5):E823-8
references.pmid: 15956051
references.citation: Ann Clin Biochem. 1994 Nov;31 ( Pt 6):561-5
references.pmid: 7880075
references.citation: Clin Biochem Rev. 2008 Aug;29 Suppl 1:S11-5
references.pmid: 18852848
references.citation: Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2011;21(1):79-85
references.pmid: 22141211
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1960 Jan;66:59-72
references.pmid: 13848642
references.citation: Clin Lab. 2012;58(1-2):67-74
references.pmid: 22372347
references.citation: Clin Biochem. 2003 Mar;36(2):109-12
references.pmid: 12633759
references.citation: Public Health. 2012 Mar;126(3):214-216
references.pmid: 22325670
references.citation: Clin Biochem. 2001 Mar;34(2):107-12
references.pmid: 11311219
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010 Jul;48(7):1009-14
references.pmid: 20441481
references.citation: Transplantation. 2005 Mar 27;79(6):745-6
references.pmid: 15785393
references.citation: Lab Anim. 2001 Apr;35(2):147-52
references.pmid: 11315163
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1990 Dec 31;135(1-2):95-9
references.pmid: 2125621
references.citation: J Dairy Sci. 2005 Sep;88(9):3139-44
references.pmid: 16107403
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(5):662-8
references.pmid: 16681442
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 1983 Sep;57(3):683-91
references.pmid: 6355041
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2351-8
references.pmid: 20194708
references.citation: Arch Int Physiol Biochim. 1980 May;88(2):99-105
references.pmid: 6159845
references.citation: Clin Biochem. 2005 Jun;38(6):572-5
references.pmid: 15885238
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1980-7
references.pmid: 18349056
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(3):311-6
references.pmid: 16519604
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2008 Jan;54(1):6-7
references.pmid: 18160723
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2002 May;48(5):691-8
references.pmid: 11978595
references.citation: Lab Anim. 2006 Jul;40(3):261-74
references.pmid: 16803643
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Sep;15(9):1578-81
references.pmid: 16985015
references.citation: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2008 Oct;7(10):2061-6
references.pmid: 18676364
references.citation: Lab Anim. 2009 Jan;43(1):65-71
references.pmid: 19001062
references.citation: J Biomol NMR. 2011 Apr;49(3-4):231-43
references.pmid: 21380509
references.citation: Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2007 Oct;5 Suppl 1:555-69
references.pmid: 18167466
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2009 May;55(5):867-77
references.pmid: 19264850
references.citation: Biometals. 2010 Dec;23(6):1113-21
references.pmid: 20589414
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(12):1491-4
references.pmid: 17163828
references.citation: Scand J Caring Sci. 2010 Sep;24(3):581-91
references.pmid: 21050248
references.citation: Clin Biochem. 2007 Nov;40(16-17):1332-5
references.pmid: 17888897
references.citation: Res Vet Sci. 2009 Feb;86(1):111-4
references.pmid: 18572209
references.citation: Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Aug;23(4):479-86
references.pmid: 19748065
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2009 Jan;8(1):113-7
references.pmid: 19072545
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Jun;404(1):37-40
references.pmid: 19306857
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(6):750-9
references.pmid: 16729864
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2010 Apr 19;99(5):592-8
references.pmid: 20152845
references.citation: Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2006 Oct;17(7):513-9
references.pmid: 16988544
references.citation: J Intraven Nurs. 1999 May-Jun;22(3):137-42
references.pmid: 10640077
references.citation: Lab Anim. 2010 Jan;44(1):25-9
references.pmid: 19535392
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(6):849-54
references.pmid: 18601609
references.citation: Clin Lab. 2007;53(3-4):211-5
references.pmid: 17447659
references.citation: Clin Biochem. 2010 Jan;43(1-2):4-25
references.pmid: 19822139
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2009 Mar;150(3):1353-60
references.pmid: 18948397
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2009 Apr;402(1-2):203-5
references.pmid: 19263530
references.citation: Transplantation. 2005 Mar 27;79(6):744
references.pmid: 15785392
references.citation: Obes Res. 2005 Jan;13(1):11-20
references.pmid: 15761159
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2009 Nov;150(11):5113-8
references.pmid: 19819958
references.citation: J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30(2):323-36
references.pmid: 22426018
references.citation: Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Dec;33(6):766-71
references.pmid: 22105595
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Apr;294(4):E752-60
references.pmid: 18270302
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Jun 11;412(13-14):1191-4
references.pmid: 21414305