title: Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels later in life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in later life, possibly reflecting an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Elevated CRP levels have been associated with hypertension in pregnancy and with CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 2463 women from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. Participants were categorized as nulliparous women (n = 219), women with a history of normotensive pregnancies (n = 1839), or women with a history of a hypertensive pregnancy (n = 405). Using multiple linear regression models, we compared mean CRP levels among the groups after adjusting for age, race, education, smoking, hypertension, personal history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke, diabetes, dyslipidemia, statins, hormone replacement therapy, and family history of CHD or stroke. As CRP levels may be influenced by BMI, the model was fit both with and without adjusting for BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in CRP levels between nulliparous women and those with a history of normotensive pregnancies, either with (P = 0.82) or without (P = 0.46) adjusting for BMI. In contrast, women with hypertensive pregnancies, compared with those with normotensive pregnancies, had higher CRP levels, both with (P = 0.009) and without (P < 0.001) adjusting for BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated CRP levels later in life, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and BMI. An elevated CRP may reflect an inflammatory state in women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy disorders who are at increased risk for CVD.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension bDivision of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota cUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi dDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan eDivision of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Kent R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mosley
authors.forename: Sharon L R
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kardia
authors.forename: Heather J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wiste
authors.forename: Iftikhar J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kullo
authors.forename: Vesna D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Garovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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