title: Particle-size-dependent cytokine responses and cell damage induced by silica particles and macrophages-derived mediators in endothelial cell.
abstract: Epidemiological evidence reports silica dust exposure has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, endothelial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of two sizes silica particles and the soluble mediators released by macrophages treated with the same particles for 24 h. Expression and release of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) were measured by using ELISA. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay and LDH release. We show that both ways induced increases in cell toxicity and cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. For smaller particles, the soluble mediators are more capable of increasing cytokines compared with the effect of particles directly. For larger particles, evaluating results of these two ways are similar. Either way, smaller particles make the increasing action of cell toxicity and cytokines more remarkable. Our results indicate both silica particle and macrophage-derived mediators can induce endothelial cell injury and inflammation and demonstrate the potential importance of the particle sizes in this effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiuqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yuewei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004391:Dust; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004391:Dust; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C022616:thiazolyl blue
keywords: Cell damage; Cytokine; Endothelial cells; Macrophage; Silica particles; Soluble mediators