title: Effects of a tobacco control intervention for teachers in India: results of the Bihar school teachers study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed a school-based intervention designed to promote tobacco control among teachers in the Indian state of Bihar.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a cluster-randomized design to test the intervention, which comprised educational efforts, tobacco control policies, and cessation support and was tailored to the local social context. In 2009 to 2011, we randomly selected 72 schools from participating school districts and randomly assigned them in blocks (rural or urban) to intervention or delayed-intervention control conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after the intervention, the 30-day quit rate was 50% in the intervention and 15% in the control group (P = .001). At the 9-month postintervention survey, the adjusted 6-month quit rate was 19% in the intervention and 7% in the control group (P = .06). Among teachers employed for the entire academic year of the intervention, the adjusted 6-month abstinence rates were 20% and 5%, respectively, for the intervention and control groups (P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate the potent impact of an intervention that took advantage of social resources among teachers, who can serve as role models for tobacco control in their communities.
authors.affiliation: Glorian Sorensen, Eve Nagler, and Kasisomayajula Viswanath are with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Mangesh S. Pednekar and Prakash C. Gupta are with the Healis-Sekhsaria Institute of Public Health, Navi-Mumbai, India. Dhirendra N. Sinha is with the School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, Bihar, India. Anne M. Stoddard is with New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA. Mira B. Aghi is a consulting behavioral scientist, New Delhi, India. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Pratibha Pawar is with Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi-Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Glorian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Mangesh S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pednekar
authors.forename: Dhirendra N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stoddard
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagler
authors.forename: Mira B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Aghi
authors.forename: Harry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lando
authors.forename: Kasisomayajula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viswanath
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.forename: Prakash C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005178:Faculty; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012424:Rural Population; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014505:Urban Population
references.citation: Health Educ Behav. 2005 Jun;32(3):363-79
references.pmid: 15851544
references.citation: Nicotine Tob Res. 2012 Feb;14(2):123-30
references.pmid: 22180595
references.citation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(10):2551-4
references.pmid: 22320954
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 May 5;53(18):1718-28
references.pmid: 19406349
references.citation: Prev Med. 2005 Aug;41(2):424-32
references.pmid: 15917037
references.citation: J Oral Pathol Med. 1992 Nov;21(10):433-9
references.pmid: 1460581
references.citation: Health Educ Res. 2013 Apr;28(2):326-38
references.pmid: 23221589
references.citation: Bull World Health Organ. 1982;60(3):441-6
references.pmid: 6982778
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 1995 Mar;6(2):119-29
references.pmid: 7749051
references.citation: Prev Med. 2005 Aug;41(2):417-23
references.pmid: 15917036
references.citation: IARC Sci Publ. 1990;(103):149-56
references.pmid: 2279792
references.citation: J Public Health (Oxf). 2005 Jun;27(2):215-21
references.pmid: 15820994
references.citation: Lancet. 1986 May 31;1(8492):1235-9
references.pmid: 2872391
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2008 Mar 13;358(11):1137-47
references.pmid: 18272886
references.citation: Lancet. 1998 Oct 10;352(9135):1204
references.pmid: 9777851
references.citation: Lung India. 2012 Jul;29(3):217-20
references.pmid: 22919158
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1283-4
references.pmid: 21982085
references.citation: Health Educ Res. 2013 Feb;28(1):113-29
references.pmid: 22669010
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2004 May;29(3):441-63
references.pmid: 15050666
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Apr 23;377(9775):1438-47
references.pmid: 21474174
references.citation: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Jul;43(1):53-60
references.pmid: 22154037
references.citation: Prev Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;51(3-4):302-6
references.pmid: 20600258