title: Nanodiamond landmarks for subcellular multimodal optical and electron imaging.
abstract: There is a growing need for biolabels that can be used in both optical and electron microscopies, are non-cytotoxic, and do not photobleach. Such biolabels could enable targeted nanoscale imaging of sub-cellular structures, and help to establish correlations between conjugation-delivered biomolecules and function. Here we demonstrate a sub-cellular multi-modal imaging methodology that enables localization of inert particulate probes, consisting of nanodiamonds having fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy centers. These are functionalized to target specific structures, and are observable by both optical and electron microscopies. Nanodiamonds targeted to the nuclear pore complex are rapidly localized in electron-microscopy diffraction mode to enable "zooming-in" to regions of interest for detailed structural investigations. Optical microscopies reveal nanodiamonds for in-vitro tracking or uptake-confirmation. The approach is general, works down to the single nanodiamond level, and can leverage the unique capabilities of nanodiamonds, such as biocompatibility, sensitive magnetometry, and gene and drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering [2] California NanoSystems Institute [3] Western Institute of Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zurbuchen
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: Sirus A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kohan
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Louis-S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058612:Nanodiamonds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D058612:Nanodiamonds
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