title: Episodic migraine and obesity and the influence of age, race, and sex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the episodic migraine (EM)-obesity association and the influence of age, race, and sex on this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the EM-obesity association and the influence of age, race, and sex in 3,862 adult participants of both black and white race interviewed in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. EM diagnostic criteria were based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Body mass index was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg/m(2)), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)), or obese (≥30 kg/m(2)). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EM were estimated using logistic regression. Models were stratified by age (<50/≥50 years), race (white/black), and sex (male/female).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 188 participants fulfilled criteria for EM. In all participants, the adjusted odds of EM were 81% greater in individuals who were obese compared with those of normal weight (OR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.27-2.57; p = 0.001), with a significant trend of increasing odds of EM with increasing obesity status from normal weight to overweight to obese (p = 0.001). In addition, stratified analyses demonstrated that the odds of EM were greater in obese as compared with normal-weight individuals who were 1) younger than 50 years of age (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.20-2.89; p for trend = 0.008), 2) white (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.41-3.01; p for trend ≤0.001), or 3) female (OR 1.95; 95% CI: 1.38-2.76; p for trend ≤0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The odds of EM are increased in those with obesity, with the strongest relationships among those younger than 50 years, white individuals, and women.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (B.L.P., J.R.R., R.F.G.) and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences (J.A.H.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology (A.L.R.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology (M.A.W.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch (K.R.M., J.-P.H.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Brown Alpert Medical School (D.S.B.), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior/The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI; and Intramural Research Program (A.B.Z.), National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, NIH, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: B Lee
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Peterlin
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Haythornthwaite
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Merikangas
authors.forename: Rebecca F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.forename: Dale S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zonderman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
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