title: Under multilevel selection: "when shall you be neither spiteful nor envious?".
abstract: In this paper, we study the egalitarianism-game in multilevel selection situation. The individuals form reproductive groups. In each group, an egalitarianism-game determines the number of juveniles of different phenotypes (spiteful, envious, neutral and donator). Before the juveniles form the next reproductive group, they have to survive either predators' attacks or a fight between two groups. We adopt the ESS definition of Maynard Smith to multilevel selection. Based on the "group size advantage" assumption (which claims that each juvenile's survival rate depends on the size of his own group, supposing that either the survival rate under predators' attacks is higher in larger groups, or in inter-group aggression usually the larger group wins) we found that when the survival probability has a massive effect on the average fitness, then "group fitness maximizing behavior" (in our case, either neutral or donator) has evolutionary advantage over "competitive behavior" (in our case, either spiteful or envious).
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Theoretical Biology and Ecology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, L. Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: garayj@caesar.elte.hu.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garay
authors.forename: Villő
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Csiszár
authors.forename: Tamás F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Móri
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D005716:Game Theory; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D011336:Probability; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: Donator; Envious; Evolutionary stability; Multilevel selection ESS; Spiteful