title: Very-low-frequency and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields associated with electric shuttle bus wireless charging.
abstract: Tests conducted to date at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) indicate that wireless charging of the Chattanooga Area Regional Transportation Authority's (CARTA) downtown shuttle bus, currently operating with off-board battery charging technology, offers significant improvements in performance and cost. The system operates at a frequency of 20 kHz and a peak power of 60 kW. Because the system's wireless charging is expected to occur during a nominal 3-min charging period with passengers on-board, the magnetic and electric fields associated with charging were characterised at UTC's Advanced Vehicle Test Facility and compared with established human exposure limits. The two most prominent exposure limits are those published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Both organisations include limits for groups who are trained (workers in specific industries) to be aware of electromagnetic environments and their potential hazards, as well as a lower set of limits for the general public, who are assumed to lack such awareness. None of the magnetic or electric fields measured either within or outside the bus during charging exceeded either the ICNIRP or the IEEE exposure limits for the general public.
authors.affiliation: Richard Tell Associates, Inc, 1872 E. Hawthorne Avenue, Colville, WA 99114, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tell
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kavet
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halliwell
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004560:Electricity; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012984:Software; D013714:Tennessee; D014186:Transportation