title: Spanking and Child Development: We Know Enough Now To Stop Hitting Our Children.
abstract: Spanking remains a common, if controversial, childrearing practice in the United States. In this article, I pair mounting research indicating that spanking is both ineffective and harmful with professional and human rights opinions disavowing the practice. I conclude that spanking is a form of violence against children that should no longer be a part of American childrearing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin.
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Gershoff
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