title: Oxidative DNA damage caused by inflammation may link to stress-induced non-targeted effects.
abstract: A spectrum of radiation-induced non-targeted effects has been reported during the last two decades since Nagasawa and Little first described a phenomenon in cultured cells that was later called the "bystander effect". These non-targeted effects include radiotherapy-related abscopal effects, where changes in organs or tissues occur distant from the irradiated region. The spectrum of non-targeted effects continue to broaden over time and now embrace many types of exogenous and endogenous stressors that induce a systemic genotoxic response including a widely studied tumor microenvironment. Here we discuss processes and factors leading to DNA damage induction in non-targeted cells and tissues and highlight similarities in the regulation of systemic effects caused by different stressors.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: carl.sprung@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Carl N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Sprung
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Alesia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ivashkevich
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Christophe E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Redon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgakilas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000276:immunology*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Abscopal effects; Bystander effect; DNA damage; Ionizing radiation; Non-targeted effects; Radiation induced bystander effects
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