title: Improved brilliant blue G staining of the internal limiting membrane with sharp cut filters of a novel viewing filter system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed a new artificial image enhancement system aimed at intraoperative visibility improvement as a clinical prototype. We examined each optical characteristic and change in intraoperative visibility using brilliant blue G (BBG) staining with various sharp cut filters (SCFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective and observational study. The system was composed of several filters attached to the operating microscope. Six eyes from 6 patients who presented with macular hole and underwent surgery using this system were studied. As a clinical examination, the intraoperative visibility of BBG staining intensities was compared for 4 kinds of SCFs during vitrectomy. Quantitative evaluation was calculated using the International Commission on Illumination 1976 (L*, a*, b*) color space (CIELAB) method. Furthermore, we evaluated each optical characteristic of 4 types of SCFs using extracted porcine eyes and a spectroradiometer as a clinical simulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Suitable filter selection was possible for this system. The observed color tone and spectral irradiance changes with SCF insertion changed dynamically. In macular hole cases, the color intensities between BBG-stained and nonstained areas were improved using SCF-455 and SCF-520, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05) by CIELAB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The system improved BBG staining intensity with the use of selective SCFs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enaida
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hachisuka
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadonosono
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue