title: Effects of sleep deprivation during pregnancy on the reproductive capability of the offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of sleep deprivation during pregnancy on the reproductive capability of the offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a sleep loss model or control home-cage group (male and females rats) to evaluate sexual behavior and hormonal profile in males and females F1 offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  First experiment: Pregnant females were exposed to sleep restriction (SR) protocol and the F1 generation was evaluated. Second experiment: male rats were submitted to SR or paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) protocol and the F1 generation was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female rats were subjected to sleep restriction (SR) for 21 days or paradoxal sleep-deprived (PSD) for 96 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexual behavior and hormonal levels during the adult phase were analyzed in F1 offspring of female and male rats submitted to sleep loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  F1 male offspring of SR females had lower motivation for sex and reduced progesterone concentrations. In contrast, F1 female offspring displayed significantly enhanced proceptivity compared with control offspring. F1 female offspring also demonstrated hypersexuality by mounting the males in the absence of any significant hormonal alterations. F1 male offspring of SR or paradoxically sleep-deprived (PSD) males presented a decline in the sexual response, accompanied by a reduction in testosterone concentrations. Proceptivity was significantly increased among F1 female offspring of PSD and SR males compared with control offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SR in progenitors may alter sexual behavior of the F1 offspring in adulthood. These findings reveal far-reaching consequences of sleep deprivation, and suggest that parental sleep influences the reproductive capability of subsequent generations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo.
authors.forename: Tathiana A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Alvarenga
authors.forename: Marina F P
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazaro-Costa
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012098:Reproduction; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones
keywords: Sleep deprivation; hormones; offspring; pregnancy; rats; sexual behavior