title: Sustained broad-spectrum antibacterial effects of nanoliposomes loaded with silver nanoparticles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emergence of microbial resistance to antibiotics warrants the search for effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used as antimicrobial agents. AgNPs encapsulated in nanolipososmes have been developed as effective antimicrobial agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanoliposomes (<50 nm) were prepared using a modified reverse-phase evaporation method, and spherical, dextrose-capped AgNPs were synthesized. The prepared liposome AgNPs (LAgNPs) were characterized, and tested for their antibacterial effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The size of LAgNPs is 25-80 nm. The release of AgNPs from nanoliposomes was sustained over 10 h. Complete growth inhibition of Eschericia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was achieved using 180, 200, 160 and 120 µM, respectively, of LAgNPs. LAgNPs exhibited sustained broad-spectrum antibacterial effects compared with free AgNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoliposomes loaded with AgNPs are potentially effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. This new formula, which can be further fortified by encapsulation of additional established antibacterial agents, may be effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and also promote wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Novel Diagnostics & Therapeutics, YJ-Science & Technology Research Center, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE #1184, PO Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
authors.forename: Kamel A M
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.forename: Hassan M E
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Azzazy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050997:Nanomedicine; D010316:Particle Size; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D012834:Silver
keywords: antibacterial effect; broad spectrum; liposome; silver nanoparticle; sustained release