title: Long-term neurobiological consequences of early postnatal hCMV-infection in former preterms: a functional MRI study.
abstract: Early postnatal infection with human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) may contribute to an adverse cognitive outcome in early preterm-born children (PT). We here set out to explore whether long-term neurobiological consequences of such an infection are detectable using fMRI in children and adolescents who were born very preterm and who either did (PThCMV+ ) or did not (PT(hCMV-)) suffer from an early postnatal hCMV-infection, when compared with typically developing healthy control (HC) subjects. Overall, data from 71 children and adolescents could be included, 34 PT (of which 15 were PT(hCMV+) and 19 were PT(hCMV-)) and 37 HC. Using a recently established "dual use" fMRI task, we investigated language and visuospatial functions. There were significant activation differences in the left hippocampus (PT > HC and PT(hCMV+) > HC), and in the right anterior cingulate cortex (PT(hCMV-) > PT(hCMV+)) when performing the language task. Surprisingly, only a small region in the occipital cortex showed a significant activation difference (HC > PT(HCMV-)) when performing the visuospatial task. Targeted analyses revealed differences in gray matter volume, but not density, in several brain regions. Our results suggest that long-term neurobiological consequences of an early postnatal hCMV infection are detectable even in older children and adolescents formerly born very preterm, compatible with a higher effort when performing a cognitive task. This suggests that measures to prevent such an infection are warranted. Furthermore, an interrelation of brain structure and function was detected that may constitute a severe confound when using fMRI to compare structurally differing groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Experimental Pediatric Neuroimaging, Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorn
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lidzba
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bevot
authors.forename: Rangmar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goelz
authors.forename: Till-Karsten
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009929:Organ Size; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: brain damage; early preterm birth; functional MRI; human cytomegalovirus; postnatal hCMV infection
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