title: Lack of evidence for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and mouse mammary tumor-like virus involvement in the genesis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Mexico City, the incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the highest in the world; epidemiologic evidence suggests that infectious agents could be involved in the genesis of this disease. Early transmitted oncogenic retroviruses infecting lymphocytes are important candidates.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR-based assays were used to screen viral genomic sequences of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, type 1 (HTLV1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like virus (MMTV-LV) in leukemic cells from 67 pediatric patients with ALL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viral genomic sequences were not detected in any sample by neither standard nor nested PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the methodologic strictness and high statistical power of the study, these results suggest that HTLV1 and MMTV-LV are not involved in the genesis of childhood ALL in Mexican children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first work exploring the direct participation of HTLV1 and MMTV-LV retroviruses in childhood ALL development.
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Units of Medical Research in Clinical Epidemiology and Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social Security; Medicine Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico; and Mexican Inter-institutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukaemia (MIGICCL), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morales-Sánchez
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernáldez-Ríos
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Vilma Carolina
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Bekker-Méndez
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fajardo-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Diego Flores-Chapa
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flores-Lujano
authors.forename: Elva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Hernández
authors.forename: José Gabriel
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Peñaloza-González
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Carmen Rodríguez-Zepeda
authors.forename: José Refugio
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Torres-Nava
authors.forename: Martha Margarita
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Velázquez-Aviña
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amador-Sánchez
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Ibarra
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reyes-Zepeda
authors.forename: Rosa Martha
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Elizondo
authors.forename: Ezequiel M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Pananá
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mejía-Aranguré
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000821:virology*