title: Environmental photochemistry of fluoroquinolones in soil and in aqueous soil suspensions under solar light.
abstract: The photodegradation fate of widely used fluoroquinolone (FQ) drugs has been studied both at the water-soil interface and in soil at actual concentrations (500 ng g(-1)) under natural solar light. Both human and veterinary drugs have been examined, namely ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, marbofloxacin and moxifloxacin. After spiking and irradiation, samples were submitted to microwave-assisted extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). FQs degradation was faster in aqueous soil suspension than in neat soil (but lower than in "clean" water). A number of byproducts were identified by HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after a post-extraction cleanup based on a molecularly imprinted polymer phase, for a more accurate detection. The distribution in the suspension was intermediate between those observed in soils and in aqueous solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy, michela.sturini@unipv.it.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sturini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Speltini
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maraschi
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pretali
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Profumo
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fasani
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albini
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D064704:Levofloxacin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D010782:Photolysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013472:Sunlight; D013535:Suspensions; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013535:Suspensions; D014867:Water; C068581:danofloxacin; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; C080260:marbofloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin
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