title: Emerging patterns of somatic mutations in cancer.
abstract: Recent advances in technological tools for massively parallel, high-throughput sequencing of DNA have enabled the comprehensive characterization of somatic mutations in a large number of tumour samples. In this Review, we describe recent cancer genomic studies that have assembled emerging views of the landscapes of somatic mutations through deep-sequencing analyses of the coding exomes and whole genomes in various cancer types. We discuss the comparative genomics of different cancers, including mutation rates and spectra, as well as the roles of environmental insults that influence these processes. We highlight the developing statistical approaches that are used to identify significantly mutated genes, and discuss the emerging biological and clinical insights from such analyses, as well as the future challenges of translating these genomic data into clinical impacts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: P Andrew
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Futreal
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D059645:Mutation Rate; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
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