title: Foot disorders, foot posture, and foot function: the Framingham foot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foot disorders are common among older adults and may lead to outcomes such as falls and functional limitation. However, the associations of foot posture and foot function to specific foot disorders at the population level remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between specific foot disorders, foot posture, and foot function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were from the population-based Framingham Foot Study. Quintiles of the modified arch index and center of pressure excursion index from plantar pressure scans were used to create foot posture and function subgroups. Adjusted odds ratios of having each specific disorder were calculated for foot posture and function subgroups relative to a referent 3 quintiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pes planus foot posture was associated with increased odds of hammer toes and overlapping toes. Cavus foot posture was not associated with the foot disorders evaluated. Odds of having hallux valgus and overlapping toes were significantly increased in those with pronated foot function, while odds of hallux valgus and hallux rigidus were significantly decreased in those with supinated function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot posture and foot function were associated with the presence of specific foot disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hagedorn
authors.forename: Alyssa B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: Jody L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Riskowski
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hillstrom
authors.forename: Hylton B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Menz
authors.forename: Virginia A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Marian T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hannan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020859:Hallux Rigidus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D037801:Hammer Toe Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D004856:Postural Balance; D011312:Pressure
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