title: A toxic cyanobacterial bloom in an urban coastal lake, Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil.
abstract: Reports of cyanobacterial blooms developing worldwide have considerably increased, and, in most cases, the predominant toxins are microcystins. The present study reports a cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Violão, Torres, Rio Grande do Sul State, in January 2005. Samples collected on January 13, 2005, were submitted to taxonomical, toxicological, and chemical studies. The taxonomical analysis showed many different species of cyanobacteria, and that Microcystis protocystis and Sphaerocavum cf. brasiliense were dominant. Besides these, Microcystis panniformis, Anabaena oumiana, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and Anabaenopsis elenkinii f. circularis were also present. The toxicity of the bloom was confirmed through intraperitoneal tests in mice, and chemical analyses of bloom extracts showed that the major substance was anabaenopeptin F, followed by anabaenopeptin B, microcystin-LR, and microcystin-RR.
authors.affiliation: Seção de Ficologia, Instituto de Botânica , São Paulo, SP , Brasil.
authors.forename: Luciana Retz
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pipole
authors.forename: Vera Regina
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Haywood Dail
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Laughinghouse Iv
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Célia Leite
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sant' Anna
keywords: Cyanobacteria; Microcystis protocystis; anabaenopeptins; blooms; microcystins
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