title: Pectus excavatum in children with laryngomalacia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital laryngeal anomaly and is associated with several disorders including gastric reflux, sleep apnea, hypotonia and failure to thrive. Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common chest wall deformity affecting 1-300/1000 individuals. Though many authors presume a relationship between PE and laryngomalacia, there is no published data to establish this association.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that patients referred to our pediatric otolaryngology clinic for evaluation of laryngomalacia exhibit higher rates of PE than the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of prospectively enrolled children who presented with laryngomalacia (January 2008-June 2012) to a tertiary care, hospital based, pediatric otolaryngology practice. Each chart was examined for a concurrent diagnosis of pectus deformity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 137 laryngomalacia patients, 9 (6.6%) had documented PE. This represents a significantly increased rate of PE when compared to children without laryngomalacia (p = 0.001). Four of the 9 children with PE underwent supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia, a significantly greater proportion than the 9/128 of the children with isolated laryngomalacia who underwent supraglottoplasty (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests an association between laryngomalacia and PE. Pediatric otolaryngologists should be cognizant of this relationship, though further studies are needed to elucidate the nature of this association.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, United States. Electronic address: elischaerer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schaerer
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virbalas
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siegal
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gonik
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bent
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D055092:Laryngomalacia / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
keywords: Laryngomalacia; Pectus excavatum; Pediatric otolaryngology