title: Association of adipokines with obesity in children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and is associated with a higher risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders. Several adipokines including resistin, visfatin, leptin and adiponectin are synthesized and secreted by adipocytes, which play an important role in obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 subjects (60 controls and 30 obese) between the ages of 5 and 18 years were selected. Serum visfatin, TNF-α, resistin, insulin and adiponectin were measured using ELISA and insulin resistance was calculated by the Homeostasis Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ± standard deviation Homeostasis Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance, serum TNF-α and visfatin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects (3.99 ± 0.94, 12.99 ± 3.42, 10.89 ± 2.72, respectively) compared with the control group (1.60 ± 0.34, 7.22 ± 2.22 and 4.97 ± 1.57, respectively). Mean ± standard deviation serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese children (5.95 ± 1.02) compared with controls (9.07 ± 1.25). Binary logistic regression shows that adiponectin and visfatin are associated with obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating levels of adipokines vary in obesity and adiponectin and visfatin are associated with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, 4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi 75600, Pakistan. aneelajaleel@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Anila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaleel
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aheed
authors.forename: Shahila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaleel
authors.forename: Rehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuberi
authors.forename: Sheheryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shoukat
authors.forename: Haris
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashim
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase