Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel group 4 thermophilic member of the phylum Acidobacteria from geothermal soils.
An aerobic, thermophilic, moderately acidophilic non-spore-forming bacterium, strain K22(T), was isolated from geothermally heated soil at Mount Ngauruhoe, New Zealand. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, K22(T) was shown to belong to subdivision 4 of the phylum Acidobacteria and to be most closely related to 'Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum' (86 %) and Blastocatella fastidiosa (86 %). Cells stained Gram-negative and were catalase and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids detected were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C19 : 0 and iso-C21 : 0 when standard lipid extraction protocols were employed. Analysis of the total cell lipid acid hydrolysate also detected membrane-spanning and ether lipids, which made up approximately 40 % of the total membrane composition. These lipids included dicarboxylic (iso-diabolic) acid and the glyceryl ether of alkyl analogues of iso-C15 : 0 and iso-diabolic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.6 mol% and the primary respiratory quinone was MK-8. Strain K22(T) grew at 50-69 °C with an optimum temperature of 65 °C and at pH 4.1-7.8 with an optimum growth pH of 6.5. NaCl tolerance was up to 1 % (w/v). Cells displayed a chemoheterotrophic and obligately aerobic metabolism. Cells grew on nutrient broth, alginate, arabinose, Casamino acids, glucose, lactate, formate, mannose, sodium alginate, peptone, sucrose, tryptone, xanthan, xylan, xylose and yeast extract. Nitrogen sources included nitrate, ammonium, urea, yeast extract and Casamino acids, but not dinitrogen gas. The distinct phylogenetic position and the phenotypic characteristics separate strain K22(T) from all other members of the class Acidobacteria and indicate that it represents a novel species and genus, for which the name Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is K22(T) ( = DSM 25857(T) = ICMP 18710(T)).
GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
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MA
Crowe
GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
J F
JF
Power
Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave., Boston MA 02115, USA.
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XC
Morgan
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
P F
PF
Dunfield
Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
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K
Lagutin
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
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WIC
Rijpstra
Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
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M
Vyssotski
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
J S
JS
Sinninghe Damste
GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
K M
KM
Houghton
Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
J L J
JLJ
Ryan
GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
M B
MB
Stott
D061271:Acidobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009520:New Zealand; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C024223:vitamin MK 8