Next generation biomarkers for brain injury.
In perinatal medicine, there is an emerging interest on the potential usefulness of non-invasive brain biochemical monitoring in infants at risk for brain injury. To date, several biomarkers such as neuro-proteins, calcium binding proteins, oxidative stress markers, vasoactive agents, inflammatory mediators, have been investigated. Results showed that hypoxia insult, under different conditions, triggers a biochemical pathophysiological cascade of events leading to brain damage. In this setting, increased biomarkers concentrations in different biological fluids have been found to correlate with the occurrence of brain damage at short-long term both in preterm and term fetuses/newborns. However, before inclusion of any biomarker in guidelines, USA and European institutions have recently stated a panel of criteria that have to be fulfilled. Therefore, the present review offers an overview of the main biomarkers currently studied in perinatal medicine and their progresses according to institutions' criteria.
Department of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, C. Arrigo Children's Hospital , Alessandria , Italy .
Laura D
LD
Serpero
Valentina
V
Bellissima
Micaela
M
Colivicchi
Miriam
M
Sabatini
Alessandro
A
Frigiola
Alberto
A
Ricotti
Valeria
V
Ghiglione
Maria C
MC
Strozzi
Giovanni
G
Li Volti
Fabio
F
Galvano
Diego
D
Gazzolo
D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000032:analysis; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000032:analysis
D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase