Transport of nutrients and contaminants from ocean to island by emperor penguins from Amanda Bay, East Antarctic.
Penguins play important roles in the biogeochemical cycle between Antarctic Ocean and land ecosystems. The roles of emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri, however, are usually ignored because emperor penguin breeds in fast sea ice. In this study, we collected two sediment profiles (EPI and PI) from the N island near a large emperor penguin colony at Amanda Bay, East Antarctic and performed stable isotope and element analyses. The organic C/N ratios and carbon and nitrogen isotopes suggested an autochthonous source of organic materials for the sediments of EPI (C/N = 10.21 ± 0.28, n = 17; δ(13)C = -13.48 ± 0.50‰, δ(15)N = 8.35 ± 0.55‰, n = 4) and an allochthonous source of marine-derived organic materials for the sediments of PI (C/N = 6.15 ± 0.08, δ(13)C = -26.85 ± 0.11‰, δ(15)N = 21.21 ± 2.02‰, n = 20). The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), selenium (Se), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) in PI sediments were much higher than those in EPI, the concentration of copper (Cu) in PI was a little lower, and the concentration of element lead (Pb) showed no difference. As measured by the geoaccumulation indexes, Zn, TP, Hg and Se were from moderately to very strongly enriched in PI, relative to local mother rock, due to the guano input from juvenile emperor penguins. Because of its high trophic level and transfer efficiency, emperor penguin can transport a large amount of nutrients and contaminants from ocean to land even with a relatively small population, and its roles in the biogeochemical cycle between ocean and terrestrial environment should not be ignored.
Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Tao
T
Huang
Liguang
L
Sun
Yuhong
Y
Wang
Zhuding
Z
Chu
Xianyan
X
Qin
Lianjiao
L
Yang
D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005843:Geography; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D062312:Islands; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D046429:Spheniscidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010758:Phosphorus; D008628:Mercury; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
Bio-transfer; Emperor penguin; Nutrients and contaminants; Ornithogenic sediments; Stable isotope analysis