Molecular prevalence of Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma evansi in dairy animals from Punjab, India, by duplex PCR: a step forward to the detection and management of concurrent latent infections.
Specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed on 411 (386 cattle and 25 buffaloes) blood samples of dairy animals from 9 districts of Punjab, India, for simultaneous detection of Babesia bigemina and Trypanosoma evansi. The results were compared and correlated with conventional Giemsa stained thin blood smear (GSTBS) examination and haematological alterations to know the clinical status and pathogenicity of infections. The Bg3/Bg4 and TR3/TR4 primers were used in duplex PCR for B. bigemina and T. evansi amplified products of 689 bp and 257 bp, respectively. The overall prevalence by duplex PCR was found to be 36.49, 2.43, and 3.41% for T. evansi, B. bigemina, and dual infection, respectively. A more significant difference was observed for dual infection status (P ≤ 0.005) as compared to T. evansi (P ≤ 0.05) and B. bigemina (P ≤ 0.01) among various districts under study. A very low prevalence of T. evansi (0.73%) and B. bigemina (0.48%) was seen by GSTBS. The highly sensitive, specific, and cost-effective duplex PCR was able to detect latent T. evansi and B. bigemina infection in cattle and buffaloes. Haematological evaluation revealed marked pathology in B. bigemina infected group and in dual infected group in contrast to that infected with T. evansi alone.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
Amrita
A
Sharma
Lachhman
L
Das Singla
Ashuma
A
Tuli
Paramjit
P
Kaur
Balwinder Kaur
BK
Batth
Mohammed
M
Javed
Prayag Dutt
PD
Juyal
D000818:Animals; D001403:Babesia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000469:parasitology*; D002417:Cattle; D017931:DNA Primers; D003612:Dairying; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D013045:Species Specificity; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
D017931:DNA Primers