Peptide-based anticancer vaccines: The making and unmaking of a T-cell graveyard.
Poorly biodegradable, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA)-based anticancer vaccines primed CD8+T cells that did not localize to the tumor site but to the persisting, antigen-rich vaccination site, which became a T-cell graveyard. Short-lived, water-based formulations and the provision of immunostimulatory molecules overcame this issue, resulting in tumor suppression. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings for the development of therapeutic anticancer vaccines.
Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA.
Yared
Y
Hailemichael
Willem W
WW
Overwijk
T-cell deletion; T-cell dysfunction; T-cell trafficking; antigen persistence; immunotherapy; sequestration; vaccine depot