Isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-infected and -uninfected children (0 - 14 years).
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) prevents tuberculosis (TB) in immunocompetent children &lt;5 years of age after exposure to an infectious TB source case. Routine IPT has been advocated in all HIV-infected children without TB, but has been controversial. Antiretroviral therapy markedly reduces the risk for TB in HIV-infected children, especially when started early in infancy. In HIV-infected children, as in HIV- uninfected children, we recommend post-exposure IPT after each TB exposure episode; but in HIV-infected children, this should be given irrespective of age or antiretroviral therapy. However, evidence for routine IPT without known exposure to TB in HIV-infected children is not convincing and is therefore not recommended.
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. hss@sun.ac.za.
Hendrik S
HS
Schaaf
Mark F
MF
Cotton
Gerald P G
GP
Boon
Prakash M
PM
Jeena
D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid