Different modes of feedback and peak vertical ground reaction force during jump landing: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Excessive ground reaction force when landing from a jump may result in lower extremity injuries. It is important to better understand how feedback can influence ground reaction force (GRF) and potentially reduce injury risk.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of expert-provided (EP), self-analysis (SA), and combination EP and SA (combo) feedback on reducing peak vertical GRF during a jump-landing task.


METHODS
We searched the Web of Science database on July 1, 2011; using the search terms ground reaction force, landing biomechanics, and feedback elicited 731 initial hits.


METHODS
Of the 731 initial hits, our final analysis included 7 studies that incorporated 32 separate data comparisons.


METHODS
Standardized effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated between pretest and posttest scores for each feedback condition.


RESULTS
We found a homogeneous beneficial effect for combo feedback, indicating a reduction in GRF with no CIs crossing zero. We also found a homogeneous beneficial effect for EP feedback, but the CIs from 4 of the 10 data comparisons crossed zero. The SA feedback showed strong, definitive effects when the intervention included a videotape SA, with no CIs crossing zero.


CONCLUSIONS
Of the 7 studies reviewed, combo feedback seemed to produce the greatest decrease in peak vertical GRF during a jump-landing task.
Musculoskeletal Health and Movement Science Laboratory, University of Toledo, OH. Dr Pfile is now at College of Charleston, SC.
Hayley M
HM
Ericksen
Phillip A
PA
Gribble
Kate R
KR
Pfile
Brian G
BG
Pietrosimone
D054874:Athletic Performance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007719:Knee Joint; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D057566:Self Report; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology