Parallel analysis of volatile fatty acids, indole, skatole, phenol, and trimethylamine from waste-related source environments.
An experimental technique based on sorbent tube-thermal desorption-gas chromatography (ST-TD-GC) was investigated for the simultaneous determination of a cluster of eight volatile odorants (propionic acid, n-butyric acid, i-valeric acid, n-valeric acid, trimethylamine, phenol, indole, and skatole) and a reference compound (benzene). Calibration was made by direct injection of a liquid working standard (L-WS) into a quartz tube packed with three bed sorbent (Tenax TA, Carbopack B, and Carbopack X). To assess the relative performance between different detector systems, a comparative analysis was made using both mass spectrometry (MS) and a flame ionization detector (FID) with the aid of a TD system. In the TD-GC-MS analysis, calibration results were evaluated in two different modes, namely total ion chromatogram (TIC) and extracted ion chromatogram (EIC). In both FID and MS, the elution order of investigated odorants complied with the retention time index (RTI) values for the polar column with a coefficient of determination (R(2)) at or above 0.99. As a means to validate our detection approach, environmental samples from a bathroom and manhole (vacuum samples) as well as cat stool and wastewater (headspace samples) were also collected. The ST-TD method tested for the concurrent analysis of diverse odorants allowed us to measure a list of offensive odorants from those samples.
Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 98 Gun-Ja Dong, Gwang-Jin Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
Md Mahmudur
MM
Rahman
Ki-Hyun
KH
Kim
D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008744:Methylamines / Q000032:analysis*; D009812:Odorants; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D012862:Skatole / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007211:Indoles; D008744:Methylamines; D019800:Phenol; D012862:Skatole; C023336:trimethylamine
Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Odorants; Response factor; Thermal desorber; Volatile fatty acids