A more generalizable method to evaluate the association between commonly reported health risks and health care expenditures among employers of all sizes.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between health risks and health care expenditures for employers of all sizes, generalizing to all employees, even those who did not complete a health risk assessment (HRA).


METHODS
Health risk assessments were obtained from 169,693 insured employees and spouses. Total health care expenditures were measured before HRA completion. Propensity score weighting, adjusting for HRA nonresponse, and multivariate regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between health risks and health care expenditures.


RESULTS
These at-risk categories were significantly associated with increased health care expenditures: elevated blood pressure, body weight and cholesterol, medication/drug use for relaxation, physical inactivity, and stress.


CONCLUSIONS
The large sample size, the use of data from small firms, and generalizability made this study unique. Targeted programs that promote management of health risks could result in health care cost savings for employers of all sizes.
From OptumHealth (Drs White and Ozminkowski and Mr Hartley), Golden Valley, Minn; OptumInsight (Drs Musich and Hawkins), Ann Arbor, MI.
John
J
White
Stephen K
SK
Hartley
Shirley
S
Musich
Kevin
K
Hawkins
Ronald J
RJ
Ozminkowski
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017049:Employer Health Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057216:Propensity Score; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult