Hautriwaic acid as one of the hepatoprotective constituent of Dodonaea viscosa.
It is widely known that hepatitis and its complications such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma are one of the major health problems of the world especially since no specific treatment is available. In the present study we investigated the hepatoprotective potential of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Dodonaea viscosa and its ethyl acetate, aqueous, butanol and n-hexane fractions against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced hepatoxicity in rats. Hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in serum enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) that occur after CCl₄ injury, and by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The methanolic extract reduced the serum enzyme level (ALT, AST, and ALP) down to control levels despite CCl₄ treatment. It also reduced the CCl₄-induced damaged area to 0% as assessed by histopathology. The CD68+ macrophages were also reduced in number around the central vein area by the methanolic extract. These hepatoprotective effects were better than the positive control silymarin. Similar hepatoprotective activities were found with the ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the methanolic extract. The butanol and n-hexane fractions showed elevated levels of ALT, AST and ALP as compared to the positive control silymarin. Histopathology showed ∼30% damage to the liver cells with the butanol and n-hexane fractions which still showed some protective activity compared to the CCl₄ treated control. HPLC fingerprinting suggested that hautriwaic acid present in the methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions may be responsible for this hepatoprotective activity of Dodonaea viscosa which was confirmed by in vivo experiments.
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Hamid
H
Ali
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. Electronic address: drnurulkabir@gmail.com.
Nurul
N
Kabir
HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Akhtar
A
Muhammad
HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Mohammad Raza
MR
Shah
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Syed Ghulam
SG
Musharraf
HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Naveed
N
Iqbal
HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Said
S
Nadeem
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D004224:Diterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C573597:hautriwaic acid
ALP; ALT; AST; CCl(4); Carbon tetrachloride; Dodonaea viscosa; EtOAc; H(2)O; Hautriwaic acid; Hepatoprotective; In vivo; Liver injury; MeOH; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aqueous; aspartate transaminase; carbon tetrachloride; ethyl acetate; methanolic extract