Tyrosine hydroxylase: regulation by feedback inhibition and phosphorylation.
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. In response to short-term stimuli, TH activity is regulated by feedback inhibition by the catecholamines and relief of that inhibition by phosphorylation. This chapter examines the current understanding of these regulatory mechanisms and the roles that they play in different catecholaminergic cells. This chapter also examines hierarchical phosphorylation in TH and how it provides a mechanism for the differential regulation of the major human TH isoforms.
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: phil.dickson@newcastle.edu.au.
Phillip W
PW
Dickson
Gabrielle D
GD
Briggs
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*
D002395:Catecholamines; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
Feedback inhibition; Hierarchical; Human; Isoforms; Phosphorylation; Tyrosine hydroxylase