Development and feasibility of yoga therapy module for out-patients with depression in India.
BACKGROUND
Evidence suggests that certain yoga practices are useful in the management of depression. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study that deals with the formulation of a yoga module for the particular clinical features of depression.


OBJECTIVE
The main aim of our study was to develop a comprehensive yoga therapy module targeting specific clinical features of depression.


METHODS
Specific yoga practices were matched for clinical features of depression based on a thorough literature review. A yoga program was developed, which consisted of Sukṣmavyayāma, (loosening exercises), äsanas (postures), relaxation techniques, Prāṇāyāma (breathing exercises) and chanting meditation to be taught in a 2 week period.


METHODS
A structured questionnaire was developed for validation from nine experienced yoga professionals. The final version of yoga therapy module was pilot-tested on seven patients (five females) with depression recruited from outpatient service of National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore.


RESULTS
The final yoga therapy module had those practices that received a score of three or more (moderately/very much/extremely useful) from all responders. Six out of nine (>65%) experts suggested Sūkśmavyāyāma should be included. Five out of nine experts opined that training with 10 sessions (over 2 weeks) is rather short. All experts opined that the module is easy to teach, learn and practice. At the pilot stage, the five patients who completed the module reported more than 80% satisfaction about the yoga practices and how the yoga was taught. Severity of depression substantially reduced at both 1 and 3 months follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
The developed comprehensive yoga therapy module was validated by experts in the field and was found to be feasible and useful in patients with depression.
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
G H
GH
Naveen
M G
MG
Rao
V
V
Vishal
J
J
Thirthalli
S
S
Varambally
B N
BN
Gangadhar
Antidepressant; depression; module; out-patients; yoga