Antioxidant, anti-adipocyte differentiation, antitumor activity and anthelmintic activities against Anisakis simplex and Hymenolepis nana of yakuchinone A from Alpinia oxyphylla.
BACKGROUND
Alpinia oxyphylla is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. Yakuchinone A is a major constituent of A. oxyphylla and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and gastric protective activities.


METHODS
Antioxidant and antitumor characteristics of yakuchinone A in skin cancer cells as well as novel mechanisms for the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, cestocidal activities against Hymenolepis nana adults, and nematocidal activities against Anisakis simplex larvae are investigated.


RESULTS
Yakuchinone A presents the ability of the removal of DPPH·and ABTS+ free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Yakuchinone A suppresses intracellular lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells and the expressions of leptin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Yakuchinone A induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in skin cancer cells. The inhibition of cell growth by yakuchinone A is more significant for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) cells than for melanoma (A375 and B16) and noncancerous (HaCaT and BNLCL2) cells. Treatment BCC cells with yakuchinone A shows down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax, and an increase in cleavage poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This suggests that yakuchinone A induces BCC cells apoptosis through the Bcl-2-mediated signaling pathway. The anthelmintic activities of yakuchinone A for A. simplex are better than for H. nana.


CONCLUSIONS
In this work, yakuchinone A exhibits antioxidative properties, anti-adipocyte differentiation, antitumor activity, and anthelmintic activities against A. simplex and H. nana.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. oleon24@yahoo.com.tw.
Rong-Jyh
RJ
Lin
Chuan-Min
CM
Yen
Tzung-Han
TH
Chou
Feng-Yu
FY
Chiang
Guey-Horng
GH
Wang
Ya-Ping
YP
Tseng
Lin
L
Wang
Ting-Wei
TW
Huang
Hui-Chuan
HC
Wang
Leong-Perng
LP
Chan
Hsiou-Yu
HY
Ding
Chia-Hua
CH
Liang
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017163:Anisakis / Q000187:drug effects; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D048189:Hymenolepis nana / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D000871:Anthelmintics; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006139:Guaiacol; C042566:yakuchinone-A