Baseline impulsive choice predicts the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on impulsivity in rats.
Impulsive choice, a form of impulsivity, is associated with tobacco smoking in humans. Trait impulsivity may be a vulnerability factor for smoking, or smoking may lead to impulsive behaviors. We investigated the effects of 14-day nicotine exposure (6.32mg/kg/day base, subcutaneous minipumps) and spontaneous nicotine withdrawal on impulsive choice in low impulsive (LI) and high impulsive (HI) rats. Impulsive choice was measured in the delayed reward task in which rats choose between a small immediate reward and a large delayed reward. HI and LI rats were selected from the highest and lowest quartiles of the group before exposure to nicotine. In non-selected rats, nicotine or nicotine withdrawal had no effect on impulsive choice. In LI rats, chronic nicotine exposure decreased preference for the large reward with larger effects at longer delays, indicating increased impulsive choice. Impulsive choices for the smaller immediate rewards continued to increase during nicotine withdrawal in LI rats. In HI rats, nicotine exposure and nicotine withdrawal had no effect on impulsive choice, although there was a tendency for decreased preference for the large reward at short delays. These results indicate that nicotine- and nicotine withdrawal-induced increases in impulsive choice depend on trait impulsivity with more pronounced increases in impulsive choice in LI compared to HI subjects. Increased impulsivity during nicotine exposure may strengthen the addictive properties of nicotine and contribute to compulsive nicotine use.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
Hakan
H
Kayir
Svetlana
S
Semenova
Athina
A
Markou
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications*
D009538:Nicotine
ANOVA; AUC; Delay discounting; Delayed reward; HI; High and low impulsive rats; ITI; LI; Wistar rats; analysis of variance; area under the curve; h; high impulsive; hour(s); intertrial interval; low impulsive; min; minute(s); s; second(s)