A historical perspective on expiratory muscle aids and their impact on home care.
Mechanically assisted coughing is the combination of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation to the airways in conjunction with an exsufflation-timed abdominal thrust. It has permitted in-home long-term survival of respirator-dependent users of continuous noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilatory support in the United States since shortly after it became available in 1952. By contrast, the first European patients to benefit from continuous noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilatory support were not described until institutionalized continuous noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilatory support users with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were described in Belgium in 2006, 2 yrs after mechanically assisted coughing was approved for sale by the European Union. Domiciliary management with continuous noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilatory support and mechanically assisted coughing has subsequently been described in Europe. This work describes the historical development of mechanically assisted coughing in the framework of aiding the respiratory muscles to prevent respiratory failure and avoid invasive airway intubation. Some current mechanical in-exsufflators include oscillation as a surrogate for physiologic mucociliary transport along with their assisted coughing function. Noninvasive management prolongs life while promoting cost containment and preserving quality-of-life for patients with respiratory muscle impairment.
From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (JRB, SEB); and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of S. João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (MG).
John Robert
JR
Bach
Shannon Emma
SE
Barrow
Miguel
M
Goncalves
D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D003371:Cough; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007040:Hypoventilation / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007327:Insufflation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*