Seroprevalence and demographic determinants of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 infections among first-time blood donors--United States, 2000-2009.
BACKGROUND
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 are prevalent at low levels among US blood donors, but recent data on their prevalence is lacking. METHODS. Data on all first-time blood donors in a large network of US blood centers were examined during 2000-2009. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 antibodies were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with confirmation by immunofluorescence or recombinant immunoblot. Prevalence rates were calculated, and odds ratios were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.


RESULTS
Among 2 047 740 first-time donors, 104 were seropositive for HTLV-1 (prevalence, 5.1 cases/per 100 000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-6.1), and 300 were seropositive for HTLV-2 (prevalence, 14.7 cases/per 100 000; 95% CI, 13.0-16.3). The prevalence was lower than reported in the 1990s but stable from 2000 to 2009. HTLV-1 seropositivity was associated with female sex, older age, and black and Asian race/ethnicity. HTLV-2 seropositivity was associated with female sex, older age, nonwhite race/ethnicity, lower educational level, and residence in the western and southwestern United States.


CONCLUSIONS
The HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 prevalences among US blood donors has declined since the early 1990s. A higher prevalence of HTLV-2 in the west and southwest may be attributed to endemic foci among Amerindians.
Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Yun Brenda
YB
Chang
Zhanna
Z
Kaidarova
Daniel
D
Hindes
Marjorie
M
Bravo
Nancy
N
Kiely
Hany
H
Kamel
Denise
D
Dubay
Barbara
B
Hoose
Edward L
EL
Murphy
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015491:HTLV-II Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015367:Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral
HTLV-1; HTLV-2; Human T-lymphotropic virus; United States; blood donors; demographic determinants; prevalence