A comprehensive review of the retroperitoneal anatomy, neoplasms, and pattern of disease spread.
A clear understanding of the normal anatomy and pattern of disease spread is important in evaluating many retroperitoneal disorders. Primary retroperitoneal tumors are uncommon, accounting for 0.1%-0.2% of all malignancies in the body; 80%-90% of all primary retroperitoneal tumors are malignant. The primary retroperitoneal neoplasms can be divided into solid or cystic masses. The solid neoplasms can be classified according to their tissue of origin into 3 main categories: mesodermal tumors, neurogenic tumors, and extragonadal germ cell tumors. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play a vital role in the localization, characterization, evaluation of the extent of local invasion, assessment of metastases, and determination of treatment response for these tumors. The diagnosis of a primary retroperitoneal malignancy is often challenging owing to overlap of imaging findings. A definitive diagnosis can be established only at histopathologic analysis. However, knowledge of the important tumor characteristics, growth pattern, and vascularity can assist in narrowing the differential diagnosis.
Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: sfosman@uw.edu.
Sherif
S
Osman
Bruce E
BE
Lehnert
Saeed
S
Elojeimy
Irene
I
Cruite
Lorenzo
L
Mannelli
Puneet
P
Bhargava
Mariam
M
Moshiri
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018199:Mixed Tumor, Mesodermal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden