MicroRNAs and multiple sclerosis: from physiopathology toward therapy.
BACKGROUND
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging group of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for translational repression or degradation. They have roles in multiple facets of immunity, from regulation of cell development to activation and function in immune responses. Recent evidence underlines an involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases as well as multiple sclerosis (MS).


METHODS
In this review, the current knowledge of miRNA biogenesis, diverse roles of miRNAs in different cells that could be involved in the process of the disease, and their potential therapeutic applications are summarized. The authors searched MEDLINE and Science direct databases.


CONCLUSIONS
The miRNAs in central nervous system lesions and peripheral blood are potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic use. Also, miRNA mimics, small-molecule inhibitors of specific miRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides could be therapeutic weapons that facilitate us to combat the disease.
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology , Tehran , Iran.
Ameneh
A
Zare-Shahabadi
Yves
Y
Renaudineau
Nima
N
Rezaei
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D035683:MicroRNAs