SGA children: auxological and metabolic outcomes - the role of GH treatment.
The definition Small for Gestational Age (SGA) describes those newborns weighing and/or measuring in length <-2 SD than expected for their gestational age. These subjects are at higher risk of short stature, neonatal complications, alterations of glucose, lipid metabolism, body composition, bone metabolism and puberty, neurocognitive vulnerabilities and alterations of the GH-IGF-I axis. With regards to growth, in 85-90% of the cases children born SGA experience a period of catch up growth that allows them to achieve an adult stature within normal range. In a 10-15% of the cases, the catch up growth period does not take place and this entails short stature in adulthood. In the latter group, GH treatment may be considered to achieve adult height in the range of genetical target stature. With reference to glucose and lipid metabolism, young adults born SGA and particularly those with early catch up growth are at higher risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Subjects born SGA are in need of a correct diagnostic and eventually therapeutic approach.
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Pisa , Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Saggese
Margherita
M
Fanos
Francesca
F
Simi
D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D011627:Puberty / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D019382:Human Growth Hormone