Inside the Melanoplinae: new molecular evidence for the evolutionary history of the Eurasian Podismini (Orthoptera: Acrididae).
The Podismini are melanopline grasshoppers with a Holarctic distribution and well represented in the Eurasian fauna. To investigate their controversial taxonomy and evolutionary history, we studied 86%, 78% and 33% respectively of the Eurasian, European and Asian Palaearctic genera (Otte, 1995; Eades et al., 2013). We reconstructed parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies using fragments of four genes (ITS1, 16S, 12S, CO2). We applied a Bayesian molecular clock to estimate the times of species divergence, and the event-based parsimony method to depict the biogeographic framework of the diversification. Our results suggest that the selected Eurasian Podismini constitute a monophyletic group inside the Melanoplinae, provided it includes the North American genus Phaulotettix. The clades proposed by the present study inside the Podismini do not fit the older morphological or cytological classifications, but are in agreement with more recent proposals. Furthermore, our results can be explained by a plausible biogeographic history in which the present geographical distribution of the Eurasian Podismini resulted from known changes, to the Cenozoic climate and vegetation, induced by major geological events including the genesis of high mountain chains (e.g., Himalayas, Altay, Alps) and large deserts (e.g., Gobi, Karakoum, Taklamakan), and the opening of marginal seas (e.g., Bering, Japanese and Yellow Seas).
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Département de systématique, évolution et biodiversité, UMR CNRS 7205, 57 Rue Cuvier, BP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire d'écologie alpine, UMR UJF CNRS 5553, 2233 Rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France; Queen Mary University, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom. Electronic address: icchintauan.marquier@gmail.com.
Ioana C
IC
Chintauan-Marquier
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Département de systématique, évolution et biodiversité, UMR CNRS 7205, 57 Rue Cuvier, BP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Christiane
C
Amédégnato
Queen Mary University, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
Richard A
RA
Nichols
Université Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire d'écologie alpine, UMR UJF CNRS 5553, 2233 Rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
François
F
Pompanon
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Département de systématique, évolution et biodiversité, UMR CNRS 7205, 57 Rue Cuvier, BP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Philippe
P
Grandcolas
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Département de systématique, évolution et biodiversité, UMR CNRS 7205, 57 Rue Cuvier, BP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Laure
L
Desutter-Grandcolas
D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000235:genetics*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
Acrididae; Combined phylogeny; Grasshopper; Melanoplinae; Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA; Podismini