Educational objectives for international medical electives: a literature review.
OBJECTIVE
Although most medical schools and residency programs offer international medical electives (IMEs), little guidance on the educational objectives for these rotations exists; thus, the authors reviewed the literature to compile and categorize a comprehensive set of educational objectives for IMEs.


METHODS
In February and July 2012, the authors searched SciVerse Scopus online, which includes the Embase and MEDLINE databases, using specified terms. From the articles that met their inclusion criteria, they extracted the educational objectives of IMEs and sorted them into preelective, intraelective, and postelective objectives.


RESULTS
The authors identified and reviewed 255 articles, 11 (4%) of which described 22 educational objectives. Among those 22 objectives, 5 (23%), 15 (68%), and 2 (9%) were, respectively, preelective, intraelective, and postelective objectives. Among preelective objectives, only cultural awareness appeared in more than 2 articles (3/11; 27%). Among intraelective objectives, the most commonly defined were enhancing clinical skills and understanding different health care systems (9/11; 82%). Learning to manage diseases rarely seen at home and increasing cultural awareness appeared in nearly half (5/11; 45%) of all articles. Among postelective objectives, reflecting on experiences through a written project was most common (9/11; 82%).


CONCLUSIONS
The authors identified 22 educational objectives for IMEs in the published literature, some of which were consistent across institutions. These consistencies, in conjunction with future research, can be used as a framework on which institutions can build their own IME curricula, ultimately helping to ensure that their medical trainees have a meaningful learning experience while abroad.
Dr. Cherniak is a family medicine resident, Scarborough Hospital, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Drain is instructor of medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Brewer is professor of medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
William A
WA
Cherniak
Paul K
PK
Drain
Timothy F
TF
Brewer
D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003469:Culture; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D014943:Global Health / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D009937:Organizational Objectives