Soft-tissue profile changes following early Le Fort III distraction in growing children with syndromic craniosynostosis.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to characterize soft-tissue profile changes following Le Fort III (midface) distraction in growing patients with syndromic craniosynostosis.


METHODS
The cohort consisted of 20 syndromic patients who underwent Le Fort III osteotomy with midface advancement using a rigid external distraction device. The mean age at surgery was 5.7 years (range, 3 to 12.5 years). Lateral cephalograms were obtained preoperatively (time 1), after distraction device removal (time 2), and 1 year after distraction (time 3). Ten skeletal hard-tissue and 11 soft-tissue profile landmarks were identified and digitized at time points 1, 2, and 3. The x and y displacement of each landmark was studied to determine the ratios for soft- to hard-tissue change.


RESULTS
The horizontal ratio of soft- to hard-tissue change for nasal dorsum to orbitale was 0.73:1 and the soft-tissue tip of nose to the anterior nasal spine was 0.86:1. The horizontal ratio of soft-tissue A point to hard-tissue A point was 0.88:1. The horizontal ratio of the upper lip position to the labial surface of maxillary incisor was 0.88:1. The ratio for nasal tip elevation to the anterior nasal spine advancement was 0.27:1.


CONCLUSIONS
The result of this study supported the hypothesis that there exists a linear relationship between soft- and hard-tissue changes in the horizontal direction for the midface landmarks following Le Fort III distraction. However, there was a nonlinear relationship between soft- and hard-tissue changes in the vertical direction.


METHODS
Therapeutic, IV.
New York, N.Y.; and Boston, Mass. From the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, and Brigham and Women's Hospital.
Pradip R
PR
Shetye
Edward J
EJ
Caterson
Barry H
BH
Grayson
Joseph G
JG
McCarthy
D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009666:Nose / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome