Biocompatibility testing of single-walled carbon nanotubes on murine preosteoblasts: higher osteoblastic differentiation with BMP-9 than with BMP-2.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in orthopaedic applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties. However, the influence of CNTs on the behaviour of bone-forming cells and on the ability of these cells to respond to growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), remains poorly known. Therefore, in the present study, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) were synthesised using an induction thermal plasma process and purified using a multistep procedure. The impact of these purified SWCNTs on the Smad activation, cell proliferation and differentiation, with or without BMP-2 and BMP-9 (1.92 nM), was also studied using western blot, mitochondrial enzymatic activity, TUNEL, RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase activity analyses. Pre-treatment of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts with SWCNTs accelerated the Smad1/5/8 activation, induced by both BMP-2 and BMP-9, within 15 min. It also slightly affected their proliferation at 48 h without apoptosis. Interestingly, at 72 h, BMP-9 favoured the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts pretreated with SWCNTs to a larger extent than BMP-2 did. Therefore, the combination of BMP-9 with SWCNTs appears to be a promising avenue for bone applications.
Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
Yasaman
Y
Alinejad
Olivier
O
Drevelle
Alex
A
Daviau
Nathalie
N
Faucheux
Gervais
G
Soucy
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D055427:Growth Differentiation Factor 2; D055412:Growth Differentiation Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; C525887:GDF2 protein, human; D055427:Growth Differentiation Factor 2; D055412:Growth Differentiation Factors; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon