Secondary metabolites isolated from Castilleja rubra exert anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB inactivation on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.
8-Epiloganin (1), mussaenoside (2), and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (3) have been isolated from Castilleja rubra, and the anti-inflammatory properties of these metabolites in a cell culture system were investigated. Compounds 1-3 suppressed not only the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, but also the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Compounds 1-3 also inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS, namely, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. The underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of compounds 1-3 was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.
Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea.
Dong-Sung
DS
Lee
Samell
S
Keo
Wonmin
W
Ko
Kyoung-Su
KS
Kim
Elena
E
Ivanova
Joung Han
JH
Yim
Youn-Chul
YC
Kim
Hyuncheol
H
Oh
D027901:Acanthaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts