Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection.
Treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is an important component of TB control programs in both high- and low-prevalence countries. Clinical trials of treatment of latent TB conducted over several decades have demonstrated that preventive treatment can reduce the risk of developing active TB up to 90%. Although 9 months of daily, self-administered isoniazid has been the most widely used and recommended regimen for the treatment of latent infection, other regimens such as 3 months of daily isoniazid and rifampin, or 4 months of daily rifampin alone have also been recommended and used. Most recently, a 12-dose regimen of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine has been shown to be noninferior to 9 months of daily isoniazid in a large and well conducted clinical trial. Adoption of such a regimen on a large scale could have significant implications for TB elimination efforts.
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Madhavi J
MJ
Parekh
Neil W
NW
Schluger
D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin; C018421:rifapentine
Tuberculosis; infection; isoniazid; latent; rifampin; rifapentine