Interlimb coordination during forward walking is largely preserved in backward walking in children with cerebral palsy.
OBJECTIVE
Limb kinematics in backward walking (BW) are essentially those of forward walking (FW) in reverse. It has been argued that subcortical mechanisms could underlie both walking modes.


METHODS
Therefore, we tested whether participants with supraspinal/cortical deficits (i.e. cerebral palsy) show the kinematic reversal from FW to BW. 3D gait analysis was performed in 15 children with diplegia and 11 children with hemiplegia to record elevation angles of upper arm, lower arm, upper leg, lower leg, and foot, and were compared to those of 23 control subjects. Coordination patterns were compared between FW and BW, and elevation angle traces of BW were reversed in time (revBW) and correlated to FW traces.


RESULTS
The interlimb coordination pattern during BW was largely preserved for all groups. The kinematic reversal of the limbs was also present in children with cerebral palsy (represented by high correlation coefficients between FW and revBW kinematics).


CONCLUSIONS
The neural control mechanism of FW leading to BW, is preserved in persons with cortical deficits (as in cerebral palsy).


CONCLUSIONS
The current results support previous evidence suggesting that interlimb locomotor coordination depends mostly on the coupling between spinal pattern generators, coordinated by brainstem mechanisms, rather than primarily on cortical structures.
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium. Electronic address: pieter.meyns@gmail.com.
Pieter
P
Meyns
Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, CERM, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Guy
G
Molenaers
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, CERM, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Kaat
K
Desloovere
Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Research, Development and Education, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Jacques
J
Duysens
D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
Backward; Central pattern generator; Cerebral palsy; Coordination; Forward; Gait