The statistical-mechanics of chromosome conformation capture.
Since Jacob and Monod's characterization of the role of DNA elements in gene control, it has been recognized that the linear organization of genome structure is important for the regulation of gene transcription and hence the manifestation of phenotypes. Similarly, it has long been hypothesized that the spatial organization (in three dimensions evolving through time), as part of the epigenome, makes a significant contribution to the genotype-phenotype transition. Proximity ligation assays commonly known as chromosome conformation capture (3C) and 3C based methodologies (e.g., GCC, HiC and ChIA-Pet) are increasingly being incorporated into empirical studies to investigate the role that three-dimensional genome structure plays in the regulation of phenotype. The apparent simplicity of these methodologies-crosslink chromatin, digest, dilute, ligate, detect interactions-belies the complexity of the data and the considerations that should be taken into account to ensure the generation and accurate interpretation of reliable data. Here we discuss the probabilistic nature of these methodologies and how this contributes to their endogenous limitations.
Liggins Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland, New Zealand; Mathematics and Statistics; University of Otago; Dunedin, New Zealand; Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences; Massey University; Auckland, New Zealand; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum; Biophysics of Macromolecules; Heidelberg, Germany.
Justin M
JM
O'Sullivan
Michael D
MD
Hendy
Tatyana
T
Pichugina
Graeme C
GC
Wake
Jörg
J
Langowski
D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008968:Molecular Conformation
chromosome conformation capture; chromosome organization; genome organization; proximity ligation