Inverse relationship between vitamin D status and insulin resistance and the risk of impaired fasting glucose in Korean children and adolescents: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2009-2010.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether low vitamin D status was related to insulin resistance (IR) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Korean adolescents, after adjusting for total body fat mass (FM).


METHODS
A cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNAHNES) 2009-2010.


METHODS
In total, 1466 participants (769 males) aged 10-19 years were assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, for FM by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and for IR by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) after an 8 h fast.


RESULTS
Age-, sex-, season- and physical-activity-adjusted regression models showed that serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly related to markers of adiposity (P = 0.016 for FM (g), P = 0.023 for FM (%) and P = 0.035 for fat mass index). When the participants were stratified into three 25(OH)D categories (<37.5 nmol/l (n 553), 37.5 to < 50 nmol/l (n 543) and ≥ 50 nmol/l (n 370)), significantly decreasing trends were observed for fasting insulin (all P < 0.001), HOMA-IR (all P < 0.001) and the odds ratios for IFG (all P for trend < 0.05) from the lowest to the highest 25(OH)D category, after adjustments for age, sex, physical activity and all markers of adiposity. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of participants in the lowest serum 25(OH)D category having IFG was 2.96-3.15 compared with those in the highest 25(OH)D category (all P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
There was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D status and IR and the risk of IFG, independent of adiposity, in Korean adolescents.
1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-769, Republic of Korea.
Seung Joon
SJ
Chung
1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-769, Republic of Korea.
Young Ah
YA
Lee
2 Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyunsook
H
Hong
1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-769, Republic of Korea.
Min Jae
MJ
Kang
3 Health and Exercise Science, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyun Jin
HJ
Kwon
1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-769, Republic of Korea.
Choong Ho
CH
Shin
1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-769, Republic of Korea.
Sei Won
SW
Yang
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014807:Vitamin D