Incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in patients undergoing minimally invasive valve surgery.
OBJECTIVE
Minimally invasive valve surgery has been associated with increased cerebrovascular complications. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in patients undergoing minimally invasive valve surgery.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed all the minimally invasive valve surgery performed at our institution from January 2009 to June 2012. The operative times, lengths of stay, postoperative complications, and mortality were analyzed.


RESULTS
A total of 1501 consecutive patients were identified. The mean age was 73 ± 13 years, and 808 patients (54%) were male. Of the 1501 patients, 206 (13.7%) had a history of a cerebrovascular accident, and 225 (15%) had undergone previous heart surgery. The procedures performed were 617 isolated aortic valve replacements (41.1%), 658 isolated mitral valve operations (43.8%), 6 tricuspid valve repairs (0.4%), 216 double valve surgery (14.4%), and 4 triple valve surgery (0.3%). Femoral cannulation was used in 1359 patients (90.5%) and central cannulation in 142 (9.5%). In 1392 patients (92.7%), the aorta was clamped, and in 109 (7.3%), the surgery was performed with the heart fibrillating. The median aortic crossclamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 86 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 70-107) minutes and 116 minutes (IQR, 96-143), respectively. The median intensive care unit length of stay was 47 hours (IQR, 29-74), and the median postoperative hospital length of stay was 7 days (IQR, 5-10). A total of 23 cerebrovascular accidents (1.53%) and 38 deaths (2.53%) had occurred at 30 days postoperatively.


CONCLUSIONS
Minimally invasive valve surgery was associated with an acceptable stroke rate, regardless of the cannulation technique.
Division of Cardiac Surgery, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Fla.
Angelo
A
LaPietra
Echocardiography Laboratory, Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Fla. Electronic address: osantana@msmc.com.
Orlando
O
Santana
Echocardiography Laboratory, Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Fla.
Christos G
CG
Mihos
Division of Cardiac Surgery, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Fla.
Steven
S
DeBeer
Department of Anesthesia, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Fla.
Gerald P
GP
Rosen
Echocardiography Laboratory, Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Fla.
Gervasio A
GA
Lamas
Division of Cardiac Surgery, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Fla.
Joseph
J
Lamelas
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D061646:Operative Time; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome