Extracellular metalloproteinases in neural crest development and craniofacial morphogenesis.
The neural crest (NC) is a population of migratory stem/progenitor cells that is found in early vertebrate embryos. NC cells are induced during gastrulation, and later migrate to multiple destinations and contribute to many types of cells and tissues, such as craniofacial structures, cardiac tissues, pigment cells and the peripheral nervous system. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that many extracellular metalloproteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), and ADAMs with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs), play important roles in various stages of NC development. Interference with metalloproteinase functions often causes defects in craniofacial structures, as well as in other cells and tissues that are contributed by NC cells, in humans and other vertebrates. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field concerning the roles of these three families of metalloproteinases in NC development and related tissue morphogenesis, with a special emphasis on craniofacial morphogenesis.
Department of Biology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV , USA.
Laura
L
Christian
Harinath
H
Bahudhanapati
Shuo
S
Wei
D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071096:ADAMTS Proteins; D000071119:ADAMTS9 Protein; D000818:Animals; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006257:Head / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000071096:ADAMTS Proteins; D000071119:ADAMTS9 Protein; C479569:Adamts20 protein, mouse; C545434:Adamts9 protein, mouse; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases