Operator Training and TEMS Support: A Survey of Unit Leaders in Northern and Central California.
BACKGROUND
Members of Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams routinely work in high-risk tactical situations. Awareness of the benefit of Tactical Emergency Medical Support (TEMS) is increasing but not uniformly emphasized.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize the current regional state of tactical medicine and identify potential barriers to more widespread implementation.


METHODS
A multiple-choice survey was administered to SWAT team leaders of 22 regional agencies in northern and central California. Questions focused on individual officer self-aid and buddy care training, the use and content of individual first aid kits (IFAKs), and the operational inclusion of a dedicated TEMS provider.


RESULTS
Respondents included city police (54%), local county sheriff (36%), state law enforcement (5%), and federal law enforcement (5%). RESULTS showed that 100% of respondents thought it was ?Very Important? for SWAT officers to understand the basics of self-aid and buddy care and to carry an IFAK, while only 71% of respondents indicated that team members actually carried an IFAK. In addition, 67% indicated that tourniquets were part of the IFAK, and 91% of surveyed team leaders thought it was ?Very Important? for teams to have a trained medic available onsite at callouts or high-risk warrant searches. Also, 59% of teams used an organic TEMS element.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of SWAT team leaders recognize the benefit of basic Operator medical training and the importance of a TEMS program. Despite near 100% endorsement by unit-level leadership, a significant proportion of teams are lacking one of the key components including Operator IFAKs and/or tourniquets. Tactical team leaders, administrators, and providers should continue to promote adequate Operator training and equipment as well as formal TEMS support.
Jason B
JB
Young
Joseph M
JM
Galante
Matthew J
MJ
Sena
D002140:California; D004630:Emergencies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement; D016495:Police; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires