Kinematic property of target motion conditions gaze behavior and eye-hand synergy during manual tracking.
This study investigated how frequency demand and motion feedback influenced composite ocular movements and eye-hand synergy during manual tracking. Fourteen volunteers conducted slow and fast force-tracking in which targets were displayed in either line-mode or wave-mode to guide manual tracking with target movement of direct position or velocity nature. The results showed that eye-hand synergy was a selective response of spatiotemporal coupling conditional on target rate and feedback mode. Slow and line-mode tracking exhibited stronger eye-hand coupling than fast and wave-mode tracking. Both eye movement and manual action led the target signal during fast-tracking, while the latency of ocular navigation during slow-tracking depended on the feedback mode. Slow-tracking resulted in more saccadic responses and larger pursuit gains than fast-tracking. Line-mode tracking led to larger pursuit gains but fewer and shorter gaze fixations than wave-mode tracking. During slow-tracking, incidences of saccade and gaze fixation fluctuated across a target cycle, peaking at velocity maximum and the maximal curvature of target displacement, respectively. For line-mode tracking, the incidence of smooth pursuit was phase-dependent, peaking at velocity maximum as well. Manual behavior of slow or line-mode tracking was better predicted by composite eye movements than that of fast or wave-mode tracking. In conclusion, manual tracking relied on versatile visual strategies to perceive target movements of different kinematic properties, which suggested a flexible coordinative control for the ocular and manual sensorimotor systems.
Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Chien-Ting
CT
Huang
Ing-Shiou
IS
Hwang
D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D056228:Feedback, Sensory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012438:Saccades; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
2323; 2330; 2340; Feedback mode; Frequency demand; Visual strategy; Visuomotor tracking