Vitellogenin as biomarker for estrogenicity in flounder Platichthys flesus in the field and exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol via food and water in the laboratory.
The ability of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) to elevate vitellogenin levels were investigated in male flounder Platichthys flesus and vitellogenin concentrations in flounders from the Danish coastal environment were determined. Male flounders were exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) via food or water. Average vitellogenin concentrations in the control fish ranged between 25 and 100 ng mL(-)(1). Exposure to 5.1, 8.1 and 16.8 ng EE2 L(-)(1) in water and 500 and 5000 ng EE2 kg(-)(1) body weight (bw) every second day in the food increased the plasma vitellogenin concentration in a concentration and time dependent manner, whereas exposure to 2.7 ng EE2 L(-)(1) in water for 21 d and 5 and 50 ng EE2 kg(-)(1) bw for 12 days in the food did not. EE2 could be detected in liver and testes (but not in muscle) after exposure to 8.1 and 16.8 ng EE2 L(-)(1) in the water and 5000 ng EE2 kg(-)(1) bw in the food; the highest concentration was 6 ng g(-)(1) wet weight in liver. The majority of the male flounders collected from nine coastal Danish sites from 1999 to 2004 had vitellogenin concentrations below 100 ng mL(-)(1), and only at two sites moderate estrogenic inputs were indicated.
Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
Louise Leonharder
LL
Madsen
Bodil
B
Korsgaard
Knud Ladegaard
KL
Pedersen
Lisette Bachmann
LB
Bjerregaard
Thomas
T
Aagaard
Poul
P
Bjerregaard
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003718:Denmark; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005432:Flounder / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
D015415:Biomarkers; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol
17α-Ethinylestradiol; Accumulation; Dietary exposure; Estrogenic effect; Flounder; Platichthys flesus; Vitellogenin