Self-vision testing and intervention seeking behavior among school children: a pilot study.
OBJECTIVE
Refractive error is the most common cause of visual impairment among school children. Worldwide, school vision testing is one major area of thrust to address vision screening among school children, and is carried out by a diverse group of professionals and non-professionals, with variable success rates. In a pilot study we aimed to determine how efficiently and reliably students could self-examine their vision and how many actually seek intervention for refraction and eventually wear glasses.


METHODS
The pilot study was done in 25 schools in a rural area of northern India. The methodology of self-assisted vision examination (SAVE) was directly demonstrated to school children. School children self-examined their visual acuity, and sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated after secondary screening by professionals. Students requiring refraction were given referral slips. Frequency of uptake of glasses for those referred for refractive services was assessed in a follow-up visit.


RESULTS
A total of 7411 students in 6th to 12th standard were enrolled in the pilot study. Sensitivity and specificity of the SAVE strategy were 96.22% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.52-97.43%) and 90.23% (95% CI 87.79-92.23%), respectively. The positive predictive value was 90.83% (95% CI 88.55-92.71%) and negative predictive value was 95.95% (95% CI 94.13-97.24%). At the time of follow-up 66% of students had undergone refraction and 81% of these were wearing glasses.


CONCLUSIONS
SAVE provides a simple, acceptable and valid alternate strategy for school vision screening. However, factors influencing procurement of glasses and their use will require further study.
Radhaswamy Eye Hospital , Barwala, Hisar, Haryana , India and.
Parveen
P
Rewri
Mukesh
M
Kakkar
Dharamvir
D
Raghav
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005139:Eyeglasses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult