Thai community pharmacist involvement in weight management in primary care to improve patient's outcomes.
BACKGROUND
The community pharmacist has significant potential to assist in providing health advice aimed at the improvement outcomes pertaining to weight management, however, up to now, evidence regarding its effectiveness has been inconclusive. In Thailand, community pharmacy involvement in weight management is a novel idea and therefore needs an evaluation of its effectiveness.


OBJECTIVE
To examine essential outcomes, comparing the pharmacist's interventions with a routine weight management service provided at a primary care unit (PCU).


METHODS
Maha Sarakham province, Thailand.


METHODS
A randomized controlled trial was designed involving sixty-six obese patients randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. Participants in the control group received group counselling from the PCU staff as usual, while those participants in the experimental group received one-on-one advice from a community pharmacist along with the weight loss handbook for self-study. Both groups were followed up and clinical outcomes were monitored four times at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 16. Eating behaviours and knowledge about overweight and obesity were measured twice, at weeks 0 and 16.


METHODS
Clinical outcomes included weight, waist circumference, body mass index, measured by standard medical devices. Eating behaviours were measured by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) questionnaire. Knowledge was measured by a questionnaire focusing on the subjects' level of understanding regarding overweight and obesity issues.


RESULTS
Neither group showed improvement in clinical outcomes. The TPB average sum score significantly increased from baseline in the experimental group in terms of intention to perform healthy dieting behaviour, subjective norm, behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. (P < 0.05) In the control group, scores increased significantly from the baseline only for behavioural beliefs. (P < 0.05) Moreover, the knowledge score in experimental group increased significantly from 6.42 ± 1.94 to 8.75 ± 0.68 (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Thai community pharmacists can help to improve both eating behaviour and knowledge about weight and obesity among obese patients. However, since the effect on clinical outcomes is unclear, a long-term study is still needed.
Clinical Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, MahaSarakham, 44150, Thailand, wiraphol.p@msu.ac.th.
Wiraphol
W
Phimarn
Pattharapol
P
Pianchana
Parichart
P
Limpikanchakovit
Kanchanok
K
Suranart
Suthanekarn
S
Supapanichsakul
Apiwat
A
Narkgoen
Kritsanee
K
Saramunee
D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000628:therapy*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss