Atypical femoral fractures: a review of the literature.
Bisphosphonates are the most commonly used drugs worldwide for treating osteoporosis. Atypical femoral fractures most commonly are associated with prolonged bisphosphonate use. They also may occur with denosumab use or in patients without a history of using these drugs. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism of action of bisphosphonate and the definition, incidence, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and prevention of atypical femoral fractures.
Metabolic Bone Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA, desaip@hss.edu.
Pingal A
PA
Desai
Parth A
PA
Vyas
Joseph M
JM
Lane
D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019468:Disease Management; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D028761:Withholding Treatment
D004164:Diphosphonates; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium