Neurotoxicity and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review.
Appropriate selection and measurement of lead biomarkers of exposure are critically important for health care management purposes, public health decision making, and primary prevention synthesis. Lead is one of the neurotoxicants that seems to be involved in the etiology of psychologies. Biomarkers are generally classified into three groups: biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility.The main body compartments that store lead are the blood, soft tissues, and bone; the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood, months for soft tissues, and years for bone. Within the brain, lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as brain damage, mental retardation, behavioral problems, nerve damage, and possibly Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsons disease, and schizophrenia. This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children and adults.
Kang-sheng
KS
Liu
Jia-hu
JH
Hao
Yu
Y
Zeng
Fan-chun
FC
Dai
Ping-qing
PQ
Gu
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
D015415:Biomarkers; D007854:Lead