Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia/osteoporosis in Turkish HIV/AIDS patients.
BACKGROUND
Recent studies showed a high frequency of low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients and no reports have been issued in Turkey. Our aim was to evaluate BMD and risk factors for osteopenia/osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients that attended an outpatient clinic in Istanbul, Turkey.


METHODS
In order to determine the prevalence of BMD, 126 HIV-infected patients had been studied with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The association between BMD and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), habits, 25(OH)vitamin D, HIV RNA, CD4 lymphocyte nadir, using and duration of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) were investigated by using multivariate analysis.


RESULTS
Median age was 40.1 years (range, 20-70); 84% were male; 35.7% patients had AIDS, 63.5% were treated with HAART. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 53.9% and 23.8%, respectively. Mean plasma HIV RNA was 5.2 (SD 1.0) log10 copies/mL and CD4 lymphocyte nadir was 313.8 (SD 226.2)/mm(3). Factors associated with bone loss were high viral load (p=0.034), using (p=0.033) and duration of HAART (p=0.008). No correlation had been seen between sex and osteopenia/osteoporosis (p=0.794). However, males showed higher rates of osteoporosis than females (p=0.042).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results show a very high prevalence of bone mass reduction in Turkish HIV-infected patients. This study supports the importance of both HIV and antiretroviral therapy in low BMD.
Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ozlemaa@gmail.com.
Ozlem Altuntas
OA
Aydın
Hayat Kumbasar
HK
Karaosmanoglu
Rıdvan
R
Karahasanoglu
Meryem
M
Tahmaz
Ozcan
O
Nazlıcan
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
D014807:Vitamin D
HIV/AIDS; Osteopenia/osteoporosis; Prevalence; Risk factors