Feeling lonely versus being alone: loneliness and social support among recently bereaved persons.
OBJECTIVE
Despite increases in social support following widowhood, loneliness is among the most frequently reported challenges of bereavement. This analysis explores the dynamic relationship between social support and loneliness among recently bereaved older adults.


METHODS
Using longitudinal data from "Living After Loss" (n = 328), latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate changes in loneliness and social support during the first year and a half of bereavement among older adults aged 50+.


RESULTS
Both loneliness and social support declined over the first year and a half of bereavement. Greater social support was associated with lower levels of loneliness overall, but the receipt of social support did not modify one's expression of loneliness over time. Loneliness was more highly correlated with support from friends than family. Together, social support from both friends and family accounted for 36% of the total variance in loneliness.


CONCLUSIONS
There is conceptual and empirical overlap between the concepts of loneliness and social support, but results suggest that loneliness following widowhood cannot be remedied by interventions aimed only at increasing social support. Social support, especially that from friends, appears to be most effective if it is readily accessible and allows the newly bereaved an opportunity to express him/herself.
Correspondence should be addressed to Rebecca L. Utz, Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Room No. 301, 380 S 1530 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0250. E-mail: rebecca.utz@utah.edu.
Rebecca L
RL
Utz
Kristin L
KL
Swenson
Michael
M
Caserta
Dale
D
Lund
Brian
B
deVries
D000368:Aged; D001601:Bereavement; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012944:Social Support; D013997:Time Factors; D017805:Widowhood / Q000523:psychology*
Bereavement; Loneliness; Social support; Widowhood.