Smoking cessation interventions for ethnic minority groups--a systematic review of adapted interventions.
OBJECTIVE
Existing smoking cessation interventions tend to be under utilized by ethnic minority groups. We sought to identify smoking cessation interventions that have been adapted to meet the needs of African-, Chinese- and South Asian-origin populations, to increase understanding of the approaches used to promote behavior change, to assess their acceptability to the target populations, and to evaluate their effectiveness.


METHODS
Two reviewers independently searched for, identified, critically appraised and extracted data from studies identified from 11 databases (January 1950-April 2013). Study quality was assessed using validated instruments (EPHPP and STROBE). Adaptations were independently coded using an established typology, and findings descriptively summarized and thematically synthesized.


RESULTS
23 studies described interventions adapted for African-Americans, and five for Chinese-origin populations. No intervention adapted for South-Asian populations was identified. Six studies directly compared a culturally adapted versus a non-adapted intervention. Adapted interventions were more acceptable to ethnic minority groups, but this did not translate into improvements in smoking cessation outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Given the evidence of greater acceptability of adapted interventions, it may be ethically preferable to use these. There is, however, no clear evidence of the effectiveness of adapted interventions in promoting smoking cessation in ethnic minority groups.
Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Jing Jing
JJ
Liu
Cecile
C
Wabnitz
Emma
E
Davidson
Raj S
RS
Bhopal
Martin
M
White
Mark R D
MR
Johnson
Gina
G
Netto
Aziz
A
Sheikh
D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods
Ethnic groups; Health education; Smoking; Smoking cessation