Incubation periods of viral gastroenteritis: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Accurate knowledge of incubation period is important to investigate and to control infectious diseases and their transmission, however statements of incubation period in the literature are often uncited, inconsistent, and/or not evidence based.


METHODS
In a systematic review of the literature on five enteric viruses of public health importance, we found 256 articles with incubation period estimates, including 33 with data for pooled analysis.


RESULTS
We fit a log-normal distribution to pooled data and found the median incubation period to be 4.5 days (95% CI 3.9-5.2 days) for astrovirus, 1.2 days (95% CI 1.1-1.2 days) for norovirus genogroups I and II, 1.7 days (95% CI 1.5-1.8 days) for sapovirus, and 2.0 days (95% CI 1.4-2.4 days) for rotavirus.


CONCLUSIONS
Our estimates combine published data and provide sufficient quantitative detail to allow for these estimates to be used in a wide range of clinical and modeling applications. This can translate into improved prevention and control efforts in settings with transmission or the risk of transmission.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. jlessler@jhsph.edu.
Rachel M
RM
Lee
Justin
J
Lessler
Rose A
RA
Lee
Kara E
KE
Rudolph
Nicholas G
NG
Reich
Trish M
TM
Perl
Derek A T
DA
Cummings
D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*