Upregulation of ANGPTL4 messenger RNA and protein in severely calcified carotid plaques.
BACKGROUND
In carotid atherosclerotic lesions, calcified plaques are thought to be stable and to evoke very few symptoms. However, the molecular activity in calcified plaques and their clinical significance have not been fully clarified yet.


METHODS
Carotid plaques from 18 endarterectomy patients were classified into high- and low-calcified plaques on the basis of Agatston calcium score. Twelve plaques were investigated for the alteration of gene expression by microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 6 other plaques underwent protein assessment to elucidate the difference in molecular biological activity between the groups.


RESULTS
Microarray analysis demonstrated 93 angiogenesis or growth factor-related transcripts that are reliably expressed (175 probe sets). Among them, angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) expression was significantly elevated, whereas fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) expression was significantly suppressed. Quantitative messenger RNA analysis was performed with real-time PCR. Augmented or decreased protein expression of each gene was confirmed by Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry.


CONCLUSIONS
In high-calcified plaques, ANGPTL4 might be upregulated for antiangiogenic modulating function together with the downregulation of FGFR2, contributing to the stability of the plaques.
Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Medical informatics and Integrative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address: katano@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.
Hiroyuki
H
Katano
Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
Kazuo
K
Yamada
D000368:Aged; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000235:genetics*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
C474772:ANGPTL4 protein, human; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2
ANGPTL4; Carotid plaque; FGFR2; angiogenesis; calcification; microarray analysis