The quality of antimalarial medicines in eastern Thailand: a case study along the Thai-Cambodian border.
This study examined the prevalence, availability, and use of antimalarial medicines (AMLs) along the Thai-Cambodian border. The study was divided into two parts: the first looked at the quality of AMLs available in six Thai provinces and the second obtained information about the availability and use of AMLs. A randomized sampling methodology was used to select locations and collect samples, which were screened using Global Pharma Health Fund (GPHF) Minilabs. A subset of samples was sent to quality control laboratories for verification testing. For the second part of the study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with members of randomly selected households and the staff of health facilities in villages with the highest malaria incidence to find out where they acquired their AMLs and which were used most frequently. The results of quality testing showed an overall failure rate of 1% (7 of 709 samples) for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API); however, the API failure rate varied from 0.0% to 2.2% by location and the overall failure rates of samples by province varied from 0.0% to 3.4%. A total of 97.9% (n = 272) of respondents had taken AMLS. The most commonly used medicines were primaquine (30% of respondents), chloroquine (15.8%), artesunate+mefloquine (12%), and quinine (10%). Most respondents (97.9%) had received medications from public hospitals or malaria clinics.
United States Pharmacopeia, Promoting the Quality of Medicines Program, Maryland 20852, USA. sxp@usp.org
Souly
S
Phanouvong
Yanga
Y
Dijiba
Saowanit
S
Vijaykadga
Christopher
C
Raymond
Laura
L
Krech
Patrick
P
Lukulay
Wichai
W
Satimai
Orapin
O
Tanunkat
Sanya
S
Sook-Kam
D000962:Antimalarials / Q000592:standards* / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006282:Health Personnel; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017149:Private Sector; D017150:Public Sector; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000592:standards*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
D000962:Antimalarials