Does use of the recognition of stroke in the emergency room stroke assessment tool enhance stroke recognition by ambulance clinicians?
OBJECTIVE
U.K ambulance services assess patients with suspected stroke using the Face Arm Speech Test (FAST). The Recognition Of Stroke In the Emergency Room (ROSIER) tool has been shown superior to the FAST in identifying strokes in emergency departments but has not previously been tested in the ambulance setting. We investigated whether ROSIER use by ambulance clinicians can improve stroke recognition.


METHODS
Ambulance clinicians used the ROSIER in place of the FAST to assess patients with suspected stroke. As the ROSIER includes all FAST elements, we calculated a FAST score from the ROSIER to enable comparisons between the two tools. Ambulance clinicians' provisional stroke diagnoses using the ROSIER and calculated FAST were compared with stroke consultants' diagnosis. We used stepwise logistic regression to compare the contribution of individual ROSIER and FAST items and patient demographics to the prediction of consultants' diagnoses.


RESULTS
Sixty-four percent of strokes and 78% of nonstrokes identified by ambulance clinicians using the ROSIER were subsequently confirmed by a stroke consultant. There was no difference in the proportion of strokes correctly detected by the ROSIER or FAST with both displaying excellent levels of sensitivity. The ROSIER detected marginally more nonstroke cases than the FAST, but both demonstrated poor specificity. Facial weakness, arm weakness, seizure activity, age, and sex predicted consultants' diagnosis of stroke.


CONCLUSIONS
The ROSIER was not better than the FAST for prehospital recognition of stroke. A revised version of the FAST incorporating assessment of seizure activity may improve stroke identification and decision making by ambulance clinicians.
From the Clinical Audit and Research Unit, London Ambulance Service National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom (R.T.F., M.J.E.); School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (J.W.); College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom (I.T.R.); and Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (P.G.).
Rachael T
RT
Fothergill
Julia
J
Williams
Melanie J
MJ
Edwards
Ian T
IT
Russell
Patrick
P
Gompertz
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000552:Ambulances; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
ambulances; diagnosis; emergency medical services; sensitivity and specificity; stroke; triage