Chronic antidepressant treatments resulted in altered expression of genes involved in inflammation in the rat hypothalamus.
To gain insight into the possible immune targets of antidepressant, we evaluated the expression of several inflammatory mediators in the hypothalamus of rats chronically (28 days) treated with the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (5mg/kg, i.p.) or the tricyclic compound imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.). We focused our attention on the hypothalamus as it plays a key role in determining many of the somatic symptoms experienced by depressed patients. This brain region, critical also for expression of motivated behaviours, participates in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and in stress response as well as coordinates physiological functions such as sleep and food intake that have been found altered in a high percentage of depressed patients. Notably, hypothalamus is a key structure for brain cytokine expression and function as it integrates signals from the neuro, immune, endocrine systems. By means of quantitative Real Time PCR experiments we demonstrated that a chronic treatment with either fluoxetine or imipramine resulted in a reduction of IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNAs and increased IL-4 mRNA expression in the rat hypothalamus. Moreover, we demonstrated that hypothalamic expression of members of IL-18 system was differentially affected by chronic antidepressant treatments. Chronically administered fluoxetine decreased IL-8 and CX3CL1 hypothalamic expression, while a chronic treatment with imipramine decreased p11 mRNA. Our data suggest that a shift in the balance of the inflammation toward an anti-inflammatory state in the hypothalamus may represent a common mechanism of action of both the chronic treatments with fluoxetine and imipramine.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Silvia
S
Alboni
Cristina
C
Benatti
Claudia
C
Montanari
Fabio
F
Tascedda
Nicoletta
N
Brunello
D000818:Animals; D017306:Annexin A2 / Q000235:genetics; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D000099248:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10
D017306:Annexin A2; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053724:Receptors, Interleukin-18; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000099248:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10
Antidepressant; Cytokine; Gene expression; Hypothalamus; Inflammation