Current opinions on non-invasive ventilation as a treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
OBJECTIVE
This review examines the current reports, the evidence and the issues surrounding the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in both the acute and domiciliary setting.


RESULTS
With the increasing use of NIV, more recent studies have focused on investigating the outcomes of our current practice. Although overall morbidity and mortality outcomes in the acute setting have improved, patients who initially stabilize but then deteriorate during an acute exacerbation of COPD have a poor prognosis. The focus must be on phenotyping this high-risk group to investigate other potential rescue treatments, including extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal. Indeed, phenotyping appears to favour the obese COPD patient, which may have a protective role in reducing the risk of NIV failure and recurrent hospital admissions. Randomized controlled trial evidence to support the use of NIV in a domiciliary setting as a treatment for COPD is awaited, and until the data from a number of ongoing clinical trials are available, the wide variation in global practice will continue. Increased understanding of patient ventilator asynchrony has improved domiciliary NIV set up, which is expected to enhance the tolerability of NIV, promoting patient adherence.


CONCLUSIONS
NIV is the established standard of care to treat acute hypercapnic exacerbations of COPD postoptimal medical management. NIV as a long-term treatment for COPD remains controversial based on the evidence from the published randomized controlled trials. With increasing experience of NIV therapy, patient outcomes are improving; however, further work is still required to better characterize and target the patients who will most benefit from NIV.
aLane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK bGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre cDivision of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
Michelle
M
Ramsay
Nicholas
N
Hart
D000208:Acute Disease; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000379:methods; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome