[Breast reconstruction after skin-sparing mastectomy or nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer].
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility, oncological safety, and aesthetic result of skin-spring mastectomy (SSM) or nipple-spring mastectomy (NSM) in breast reconstruction of implant (permanent gel or expander) for breast cancer patients who were not fit for the breast conserving surgery (BCS).


METHODS
Between October 2005 and July 2011, 89 women with breast caner underwent SSM or NSM, with an average age of 42.4 years (range, 19-55 years) and an average disease duration of 5.7 months (range, 1-24 months). The pathological examination revealed invasive ductal carcinoma in 55 cases, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 15 cases, invasive ductal carcinoma + DCIS in 8 cases, DCIS with infiltration in 10 cases, and occult breast cancer in 1 case. According to tumor staging criterion of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), 15 cases were rated as stage 0, 51 cases as stage I, 22 cases as stage II, and 1 case as unclear. Finally, 33 patients underwent SSM and 56 patients underwent NSM according to the location and diameter of tumor and the infiltration of tumor to nipple. Secondary breast reconstruction was performed with permanent gel replacement after axillary lymph node dissection in 9 patients with positive sentinel lymph node and 1 patient with occult breast cancer; immediate breast reconstruction was performed with permanent gel in the other patients. All the patients received the chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline.


RESULTS
Complications occurred in 5 patients undergoing breast reconstruction of permanent gel after NSM, including 1 case of haemorrhage, 2 cases of infection, and 2 cases of local skin necrosis. Primary healing of incision was obtained in the others. No nipple necrosis was observed in patients undergoing NSM. All the patients were followed up 14-88 months (median, 40 months). At 10 months after operation, the aesthetic results were excellent in 40 cases, good in 33 cases, fair in 14 cases, and poor in 2 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 82%. No recurrence or metastasis was found during follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
The SSM or NSM is feasible and oncological safe for patients who are not fit for BCS, with satisfactory aesthetic result.
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
Jie
J
Chen
Qing
Q
Lü
Xiaodong
X
Wang
Hongjiang
H
Li
Yujuan
Y
Chen
Xiaoqin
X
Yang
Helin
H
Zeng
D000328:Adult; D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult