[Diagnosis and treatment of ketamine-associated cystitis: a report of 3 cases and literature review].
OBJECTIVE
To determine the diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of ketamine-associated cystitis.


METHODS
Clinical data from 3 patients with ketamine-associated cystitis were analyzed retrospectively and discussed in light of relevant literature.


RESULTS
In the 3 cases, 2 presented severe lower urinary tract symptoms, including frequency, urgency, dysuria, urge incontinence, and painful haematuria. Urinalysis and urine culture were negative. Imaging examination demonstrated thickening of the bladder wall and a small capacity. Inflammatory changes in the bladder mucosa were observed by cystoscopy and biopsies. After cessation of ketamine use, with the addition of steroids or hydrodistension, the symptoms in the 3 patients improved. The symptoms recurred in 2 patients, as 1 was exposed to ketamine again and 1 had severe bladder contraction after for 3 - 4 month follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Ketamine-associated cystitis is a new urinary system inflammatory damage. Its etiology and treatment methods are not clear. Early abstinence from ketamine use and early treatment are crucial for patients with ketamine-associated cystitis to avoid irreversible damage.
Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
Liang
L
Huang
Dongjie
D
Li
Zhengyan
Z
Tang
Guilin
G
Wang
Jian
J
Ding
Kuan
K
Luo
Ke
K
Huang
Jie
J
Zhou
Yonglin
Y
Li
D001706:Biopsy; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D016482:Urinalysis
D007649:Ketamine