Variation of types of alcoholism: review and subtypes identified in Han Chinese.
Alcoholism, as it has been hypothesized, is caused by a highly heterogeneous genetic load. Since 1960, many reports have used the bio-psycho-social approach to subtype alcoholism; however, no subtypes have been genetically validated. We reviewed and compared the major single-gene, multiple-gene, and gene-to-gene interaction studies on alcoholism published during the past quarter-century, including many recent studies that have made contributions to the subtyping of alcoholism. Four subtypes of alcoholism have been reported: [1] pure alcoholism, [2] anxiety/depression alcoholism, [3] antisocial alcoholism, and [4] mixed alcoholism. Most of the important studies focused on three genes: DRD2, MAOA, and ALDH2. Therefore, our review focuses on these three genes.
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
Sheng-Yu
SY
Lee
Shiou-Lan
SL
Chen
Yun-Hsuan
YH
Chang
Ru-Band
RB
Lu
D000437:Alcoholism / Q000145:classification / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics
C581293:DRD2 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; C579458:monoamine oxidase A, human
3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; ALC; ALDH2; ANX/DEP ALC; ASPD; Alcoholism; Antisocial ALC; Antisocial non-ALC; DOPAC; DOPAL; DRD2; Genes; HA; MAOA; MTHFR; Mixed ALC; NS; Pure ALC; alcoholism; aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; antisocial alcoholism; antisocial non-alcoholism; antisocial personality disorder; anxiety/depression alcoholism; dopamine D2 receptor; harm avoidance; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; mixed alcoholism; monoamine oxidase A; novelty seeking; pure alcoholism