Spinal cord stimulation: Subjective pain intensity and presurgical correlates in chronic pain patients.
OBJECTIVE
This study determined the changes in pain intensity prior to and after permanent placement of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), as measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and, examined associations of presurgical characteristics to both pre- and post-SCS VAS scores.


METHODS
Demographic, disease, and psychological data were extracted from the medical charts of chronic pain patients (N = 58) being treated at a Hospital in IL, USA. Most patients were diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (51.9%) and low back pain (33.3%). The majority were White (72.5%), male (60%), married (72%), and temporary disabled or receiving worker's compensation (40%). Study objectives were tested with correlational and univariate analysis.


RESULTS
A significant reduction between pre (M = 6.87; SD = 1.38) and Post-(M = 4.11; SD = 1.54) SCS pain intensity scores was observed (p < .000). Pre-SCS pain intensity scores were associated with medical diagnosis (p < .01), marital status (p < .05), and catastrophizing (p < .05). Post-SCS pain intensity scores were associated with body mass index (p < .05), medical diagnosis (p < .05), employment status (p < .05), bodily concern (p < .05), marital status (p < .05), and race (p < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Results strengthen support for the short-term effectiveness of SCS and demonstrate the differential associations of presurgical factors on pain intensity.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Psychology, California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, San Diego, CA, USA lsumner@alliant.edu.
Lekeisha A
LA
Sumner
Northshore Integrative Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Kenneth
K
Lofland
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000523:psychology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation; chronic pain; pain intensity; pre-surgical assessment; psycho-social