Intra-subspecies sequence variability of the MACPPE12 gene in Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis.
The PE (Pro-Glu) and PPE (Pro-Pro-Glu) multigene families are unique to mycobacteria, and are highly expanded in the pathogenic members of this genus. We determined the intra-subspecies genetic variability of the MACPPE12 gene, which is a specific PPE gene in Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH), using 334 MAH isolates obtained from different isolation sources (222 human isolates, 145 Japanese and 77 Korean; 37 bathroom isolates; and 75 pig isolates). In total, 31 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which consisted of 16 synonymous SNPs and 15 nonsynonymous SNPs, were determined through comparison with the MACPPE12 gene sequence of MAH strain 104 as a reference. As the result, the 334 MAH isolates were classified into 19 and 13 different sequevars at the nucleic acid level (NA types) and amino acid level (AA types), respectively. Among the 13 AA types, only one type, the AA02 type, presented various NA types (7 different types) with synonymous SNPs, whereas all other AA types had a one-to-one correspondence with the NA types. This finding suggests that AA02 is a longer discernible lineage than the other AA types. Therefore, AA02 was classified as an ancestral type of the MACPPE12 gene, whereas the other AA types were classified as modern types. The ubiquitous presence of AA02 in all of the isolation sources and all different sequevars classified by the hsp65 genotype further supports this classification. In contrast to the ancestral type, the modern types showed remarkable differences in distribution between human isolates and pig isolates, and between Japanese isolates and Korean isolates. Divergence of the MACPPE12 gene may thus be a good indicator to characterize MAH strains in certain areas and/or hosts.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6 Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0046, Japan. Electronic address: tomotada_iwamoto@office.city.kobe.lg.jp.
Tomotada
T
Iwamoto
Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6 Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0046, Japan.
Kentaro
K
Arikawa
Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
Chie
C
Nakajima
Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6 Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0046, Japan.
Noriko
N
Nakanishi
Toneyama Institute for Tuberculosis Research, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 560-8552, Japan.
Yukiko
Y
Nishiuchi
Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, 1180 Nagasone-cho, Sakai, Osaka 591-8555, Japan.
Shiomi
S
Yoshida
Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
Aki
A
Tamaru
School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 583 Midorimachi Bunkodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
Yutaka
Y
Tamura
Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan.
Yoshihiko
Y
Hoshino
Research and Development, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, 482, Mansu-ri, Kangwoi-myun, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-954, South Korea.
Heekyung
H
Yoo
Research and Development, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, 482, Mansu-ri, Kangwoi-myun, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-954, South Korea.
Young Kil
YK
Park
Yoshijima Hospital, 2-33, Yoshijima-higashi 3 chome, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0822, Japan.
Hajime
H
Saito
Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
Yasuhiko
Y
Suzuki
D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*
Genetic diversity; Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis; PE/PPE gene family; SNPs; Variable numbers of tandem repeats