Metabolomics pilot study to identify volatile organic compound markers of childhood asthma in exhaled breath.
BACKGROUND
In-community non-invasive identification of asthma-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath presents opportunities to characterize phenotypes, and monitor disease state and therapies. The feasibility of breath sampling with children and the preliminary identification of childhood asthma markers were studied.


METHODS
End-tidal exhaled breath was sampled (2.5 dm³) from 11 children with asthma and 12 healthy children with an adaptive breath sampler. VOCs were collected onto a Tenax®/Carbotrap hydrophobic adsorbent trap, and analyzed by GC-MS. Classification was by retention-index and mass spectra in a 'breath matrix' followed by multivariate analysis.


RESULTS
A panel of eight candidate markers (1-(methylsulfanyl)propane, ethylbenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene, 2-octenal, octadecyne, 1-isopropyl-3-methylbenzene and 1,7-dimethylnaphtalene) were found to differentiate between the asthmatic and healthy children in the test cohort with complete separation by 2D principal components analysis (2D PCA). Furthermore, the breath sampling protocol was found to be acceptable to children and young people.


CONCLUSIONS
This method was found to be acceptable for children, and healthy and asthmatic individuals were distinguished on the basis of eight VOCs at elevated levels in the breath of asthmatic children.
Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation (Child Health), University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, LE1 9HN, UK.
Florian
F
Gahleitner
Cristina
C
Guallar-Hoyas
Caroline S
CS
Beardsmore
Hitesh C
HC
Pandya
Cl Paul
CP
Thomas
D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests; D002648:Child; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds