Oxytocin differentially modulates compromise and competitive approach but not withdrawal to antagonists from own vs. rivaling other groups.
In humans, oxytocin promotes cognitive and motivational tendencies that benefit the groups on which humans depend for their survival and prosperity. Here we examined decision making in an incentivized two-player poker game with either an in-group or out-group antagonist. Sixty nine healthy males received 24 IU oxytocin or matching placebo, and played four rounds of a simplified poker game. On each round they received either low or high value cards to create differences in competitive strength, and then responded to a bet placed by their (simulated) (in-group or out-group) antagonist. Under placebo, participants withdrew and competed depending on their own (low vs. high) competitive strength, regardless of their antagonist's group membership. Under oxytocin, however, participants settled more and competed less with an in-group as compared to an out-group antagonist; withdrawal was unaffected by group membership. We conclude that oxytocin sensitizes humans to the group membership of their interaction partner, rendering them relatively more benevolent and less competitive towards those seen as belonging to their own group. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin and Social Behav.
Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.s.tenvelden@uva.nl.
Femke S
FS
Ten Velden
Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.baas@uva.nl.
Matthijs
M
Baas
Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel. Electronic address: sshalvi@bgu.exchange.il.
Shaul
S
Shalvi
Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.e.kret@uva.nl.
Mariska E
ME
Kret
Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.k.w.dedreu@uva.nl.
Carsten K W
CK
De Dreu
D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D010121:Oxytocin
Conflict; Cooperation; Hormones; Human groups; Social preferences