Effects of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro.
The standard procedure for the osteogenic differentiation of multipotent stem cells is treatment of a confluent monolayer with a cocktail of dexamethasone (Dex), ascorbic acid (Asc) and β-glycerophosphate (β-Gly). This review describes the effects of these substances on intracellular signaling cascades that lead to osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stroma-derived stem cells. We conclude that Dex induces Runx2 expression by FHL2/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation and that Dex enhances Runx2 activity by upregulation of TAZ and MKP1. Asc leads to the increased secretion of collagen type I (Col1), which in turn leads to increased Col1/α2β1 integrin-mediated intracellular signaling. The phosphate from β-Gly serves as a source for the phosphate in hydroxylapatite and in addition influences intracellular signaling molecules. In this context we give special attention to the differences between dystrophic and bone-specific mineralization.
Fabian
F
Langenbach
Jörg
J
Handschel
D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D005994:Glycerophosphates; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid