Application of electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction for determination of phthalate esters and bisphenol A in blood and seawater samples.
The electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction (EE-SPME) method was developed for the determination of endocrine disruptor compounds such as phthalate esters and bisphenol A in human blood and seawater samples. After EE-SPME, samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this approach, commercial SPME fiber was used in direct-immersion mode with an applied potential to extract di-ethyl phthalate, di-butyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and bisphenol A. The applied potential facilitates and enhances the extraction efficiency of the target analytes. Various experimental conditions influencing performance of the EE-SPME such as extraction time, applied potential and ionic strength were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, EE-SPME was more efficient than a conventional SPME approach. Very good linearity was observed for all analytes in a range between 1 and 100 µg L(-1) with correlation of determination (R(2)) between 0.963 and 0.996. The limits of a detection based signal-to-noise of 3 were from 0.004 to 0.15 µg L(-1). The reproducibility of EE-SPME was evaluated and the relative standard deviations were between 1.0% and 5.0% (n=9). The proposed method was applied to human blood samples stored in transfusion bags and seawater. Results showed that the proposed EE-SPME was simple and suitable for trace level analysis.
Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Amayreh
A
Mousa
Chanbasha
C
Basheer
Abdul Rahman
AR
Al-Arfaj
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004560:Electricity; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004952:Esters; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents; D013997:Time Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004952:Esters; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012997:Solvents; C032279:phthalic acid; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
Bisphenol A; Electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction; Endocrine disruptor chemical; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Phthalate esters