Bacterial pyruvate production from alginate, a promising carbon source from marine brown macroalgae.
Marine brown macroalgae is a promising source of material for biorefining, and alginate is one of the major components of brown algae. Despite the huge potential availability of alginate, no system has been reported for the production of valuable compounds other than ethanol from alginate, hindering its further utilization. Here we report that a bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. strain A1, produces pyruvate from alginate and secretes it into the medium. High aeration and deletion of the gene for d-lactate dehydrogenase are critical for the production of high concentrations of pyruvate. Pyruvate concentration and productivity were at their maxima (4.56 g/l and 95.0 mg/l/h, respectively) in the presence of 5% (w/v) initial alginate, whereas pyruvate produced per alginate consumed and % of theoretical yield (0.19 g/g and 18.6%, respectively) were at their maxima at 4% (w/v) initial alginate. Concentration of pyruvate decreased after it reached its maximum after cultivations for 2 or 3 days at 145 strokes per minute. Our study is the first report to demonstrate the production of other valuable compounds than ethanol from alginate, a promising marine macroalgae carbon source.
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food and Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. Electronic address: kawais@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Shigeyuki
S
Kawai
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food and Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Kazuto
K
Ohashi
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food and Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Shiori
S
Yoshida
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food and Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Mari
M
Fujii
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food and Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Shinichi
S
Mikami
Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Holdings, Inc., 16-2 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4295, Japan.
Nobuyuki
N
Sato
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food and Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
Kousaku
K
Murata
D000464:Alginates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D055442:Metabolome; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D002244:Carbon; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010100:Oxygen
Alginate; Macroalgae; Marine biomass; Pyruvate; Sphingomonas sp.