Chemical compositions, phytotoxicity, and biological activities of Acorus calamus essential oils from Nepal.
Four essential oils from the leaf (P23) and rhizomes (P19, P22, P24) of Acorus calamus L., collected from various parts of Nepal, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. From a total of 61 peaks, 57 compounds were identified among the four essential oils accounting for 94.3%, 96.2%, 97.6%, and 94.1% of the oils, respectively. All of the essential oils were dominated by (Z)-asarone (78.1%-86.9%). The essential oils also contained (E)-asarone (1.9%-9.9%) and small amounts of gamma-asarone (2.0-2.3%), (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (1.5-2.0%), and linalool (0.2-4.3%). Allelopathic testing of the rhizome oil showed inhibition of seed germination of Lactuca sativa and Lolium perenne with IC50 values of 450 and 737 microg/mL, respectively. The rhizome essential oil demonstrated stronger seedling growth inhibition of L. perenne than of L. sativa, however. The rhizome oil also showed notable brine shrimp lethality (LC50 = 9.48 microg/mL), cytotoxic activity (92.2% kill on MCF-7 cells at 100 microg/mL), and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 19.5 microg/mL).
Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA.
Prabodh
P
Satyal
Prajwal
P
Paudel
Ambika
A
Poudel
Noura S
NS
Dosoky
Debra M
DM
Moriarity
Bernhard
B
Vogler
William N
WN
Setzer
D029023:Acorus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001156:Artemia; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009390:Nepal; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D006540:Herbicides; D009822:Oils, Volatile