Tendon-to-bone healing using an injectable calcium phosphate cement combined with bone xenograft/BMP composite.
Injectable calcium phosphate cement (ICPC) has been applied to enhance the tendon-to-bone healing. However, its slow degradation delays the osteointegration of grafted tendon in bone tunnels. We therefore constructed a synthetic biomaterial of ICPC combined with recombined bone xenograft granules (RBX). In this study, the first stage study demonstrated that the ICPCB contained 3 mg BMPs (ICPCB-3) obtained a porous structure. More importantly, the values of ICPCB-3 were highest in cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, expression of osteogenic genes, and newly ectopic bone-forming area (P < 0.05). Then, ICPCB-3 was used in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model. Ninety skeletal mature rabbits underwent bilateral ACL reconstructions and were assigned to 3 groups: control group, ICPC alone group, and ICPCB-3 group. Animals were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The results showed compared with ICPC, ICPCB-3 composite markedly accelerated tendon-to-bone healing. In addition, little remnants were observed in ICPCB-3 group. Moreover, the maximum loads to failure of ICPCB-3 group was significantly higher than ICPC group at 24 weeks (P < 0.01). We conclude that the ICPCB composite, with a porous structure and better osteointegration effect, has direct clinical instruction to arthroscopic techniques of the ACL reconstruction.
Department of Human Movement Studies, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710068, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: panweimin@163.com.
Pan
P
Weimin
Li
L
Dan
Wei
W
Yiyong
Hu
H
Yunyu
Zhou
Z
Li
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008297:Male; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; Calcium phosphate cement; Recombined xenograft bone; Tendon-to-bone healing