Genotoxicity of intraperitoneal injection of lipoamphiphile CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in rats.
The main objective of the present in vivo rat study was to determine the genotoxicity of lipoamphiphile-coated CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs), in several organs (brain, liver, kidneys, lungs and testicles). The second objective was to establish the correlations between the QDs genotoxic activity and the oxidative stress, the production of a proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α), a stress-induced chaperone protein, the phosphorylated heat shock protein 70 (pHsp70), and an increase in the caspase-3 apoptosis factor. Four QDs doses were injected into the peritoneal cavity (5, 5×10(-1), 5×10(-2) and 5×10(-3)μg/kg). DNA lesions in the different organs were measured by the comet assay, and chromosome abnormalities were evaluated by the micronucleus assay on blood reticulocytes (MNRET). Twenty-four hours after the QDs injection, genotoxic effects were observed in the brain and liver and, only for the highest QDs concentration, in testicles. No genotoxic effect was seen in the kidney and lung. The MNRET test revealed a dose-response induction of micronuclei. In parallel, we did neither reveal oxidative stress nor significant variations of TNF-α, pHsp70, and caspase-3. In conclusion, the QDs exerted significant genotoxic effects in the brain and liver, even in the absence of any associated oxidative stress and inflammatory processes.
UMR MD2 (Dysoxia-Hyperactivity), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Mutagenèse et Toxicologie Environnementales, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.
Mélanie
M
Aye
Carole
C
Di Giorgio
Mourad
M
Mekaouche
Jean-Guillaume
JG
Steinberg
Christelle
C
Brerro-Saby
Philippe
P
Barthélémy
Michel
M
De Méo
Yves
Y
Jammes
D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000633:toxicity*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C058667:cadmium selenide; C031238:zinc sulfide
1,2-di-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/N-[5′-(2′,3′-di-oleoyl)uridine]-N’,N’,N’trimethylammoniumtosylate; Cd; CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots; DNA; DOPC/DOTAU; ELISA; Hsp; MNRET; QD; RAA; S; Se; TBARS; TCA; TNF-α; TOPO; Trioctyl Phosphine Oxide; Zn; cadmium; cytokine; deoxy ribonucleic acid; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; genotoxicity; micronucleus assay on blood reticulocytes; oxidative stress; pHsp70; phosphorylated heat shock protein 70; quantum dot; reduced ascorbic acid; selenium; sulphur; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; trichloroacetic acid; tumor necrosis factor alpha; zinc