The alternative oxidases: simple oxidoreductase proteins with complex functions.
The alternative oxidases are membrane-bound monotopic terminal electron transport proteins found in all plants and in some agrochemically important fungi and parasites including Trypansoma brucei, which is the causative agent of trypanosomiasis. They are integral membrane proteins and reduce oxygen to water in a four electron process. The recent elucidation of the crystal structure of the trypanosomal alternative oxidase at 2.85 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) has revealed salient structural features necessary for its function. In the present review we compare the primary and secondary ligation spheres of the alternative oxidases with other di-iron carboxylate proteins and propose a mechanism for the reduction of oxygen to water.
*Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K.
Luke
L
Young
Tomoo
T
Shiba
Shigeharu
S
Harada
Kiyoshi
K
Kita
Mary S
MS
Albury
Anthony L
AL
Moore
D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000235:genetics; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004579:Electron Transport; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000201:enzymology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D000099188:Alternative Oxidase
D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D010100:Oxygen; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D000099188:Alternative Oxidase; C432586:ubiquinol oxidase