Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human gastric epithelial cells in vitro.
Manufacturing or using nanomaterials may result in exposure of workers to nanoparticles. Potential routes of exposure include skin, lung and gastrointestinal tract. The lack of health-based standards for nanomaterials combined with their increasing use in many different workplaces and products emphasize the need for a reliable temporary risk assessment tool. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore the effects of different doses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human gastric epithelial cells in vitro. We analyzed proliferation by MTT assay, apoptosis by Tunel, migration by injury assay, oxidative stress by determining GSH/GSSG ratio and DNA damage by Comet assay on nanoparticle-treated AGS human gastric epithelial cell line in comparison to controls. We show and discuss the tumor-like phenotypes of nanoparticles-exposed AGS cells in vitro, as increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Our results demonstrate for the first time that nanoparticles induce tumor-like phenotypes in human gastric epithelial cells.
INSA National Institute of Health, Department of Health Promotion, Porto, Portugal; CECA Centre for the Study of Animal Science, ICETA, Porto University, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: monicabotelho@hotmail.com.
Monica Catarina
MC
Botelho
ISPUP Institute of Public Health-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Carla
C
Costa
INSA National Institute of Health, Department of Health Promotion, Porto, Portugal.
Susana
S
Silva
INSA National Institute of Health, Department of Health Promotion, Porto, Portugal.
Solange
S
Costa
Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India; Institute of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad University, Gujarat, India.
Alok
A
Dhawan
CECA Centre for the Study of Animal Science, ICETA, Porto University, Porto, Portugal; UTAD Department of Pathology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Paula A
PA
Oliveira
INSA National Institute of Health, Department of Health Promotion, Porto, Portugal.
João P
JP
Teixeira
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
Apoptosis; Gastric epithelial cells; Genotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Proliferation; TiO(2) nanoparticles