History of simulation in medicine: from Resusci Annie to the Ann Myers Medical Center.
Medical and surgical graduate medical education has historically used a halstedian approach of "see one, do one, teach one." Increased public demand for safety, quality, and accountability in the setting of regulated resident work hours and limited resources is driving the development of innovative educational tools. The use of simulation in nonmedical, medical, and neurosurgical disciplines is reviewed in this article. Simulation has been validated as an educational tool in nonmedical fields such as aviation and the military. Across most medical and surgical subspecialties, simulation is recognized as a valuable tool that will shape the next era of medical education, postgraduate training, and maintenance of certification.
*Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Harminder
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Singh
Maziyar
M
Kalani
Stefany
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Acosta-Torres
Tarek Y
TY
El Ahmadieh
Joshua
J
Loya
Aruna
A
Ganju
D002568:Certification; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008348:Manikins; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D016544:Patient Simulation; D014584:User-Computer Interface