Neuroprotective effect of ginseng against alteration of calcium binding proteins immunoreactivity in the mice hippocampus after radiofrequency exposure.
Calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) such as calbindin D28-k, parvalbumin, and calretinin are able to bind Ca(2+) with high affinity. Changes in Ca(2+) concentrations via CaBPs can disturb Ca(2+) homeostasis. Brain damage can be induced by the prolonged electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure with loss of interacellular Ca(2+) balance. The present study investigated the radioprotective effect of ginseng in regard to CaBPs immunoreactivity (IR) in the hippocampus through immunohistochemistry after one-month exposure at 1.6 SAR value by comparing sham control with exposed and ginseng-treated exposed groups separately. Loss of dendritic arborization was noted with the CaBPs in the Cornu Ammonis areas as well as a decrease of staining intensity of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus after exposure while no loss was observed in the ginseng-treated group. A significant difference in the relative mean density was noted between control and exposed groups but was nonsignificant in the ginseng-treated group. Decrease in CaBP IR with changes in the neuronal staining as observed in the exposed group would affect the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit by alteration of the Ca(2+) concentration which could be prevented by ginseng. Hence, ginseng could contribute as a radioprotective agent against EMF exposure, contributing to the maintenance of Ca(2+) homeostasis by preventing impairment of intracellular Ca(2+) levels in the hippocampus.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook Translational Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
Dhiraj
D
Maskey
Jin-Koo
JK
Lee
Hak Rim
HR
Kim
Hyung-Gun
HG
Kim
D000818:Animals; D064032:Calbindin 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D064026:Calbindins / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism
D064032:Calbindin 2; D064026:Calbindins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010320:Parvalbumins