Short communication: Herd-level reproductive performance and its relationship with lameness and leg injuries in freestall dairy herds in the northeastern United States.
The objectives of this study were to describe herd-level reproductive outcomes and their associations with the prevalence of lameness, hock injuries and knee injuries in freestall dairy herds in the northeastern United States. Five reproductive outcomes (calving to conception interval, CCI; calving interval, CI; conception risk at the first artificial insemination, CR1; insemination rate, IR; and pregnancy rate, PR) were measured from Dairy Comp 305 (Valley Agricultural Software, Tulare, CA) for a 12-mo period for all multiparous cows in each of the 53 herds assessed. The prevalence of lameness, hock injuries, and knee injuries was assessed in 1 high-producing group. The means (± standard deviation) for the 5 reproductive outcomes were as follows: CCI = 128 ± 10 d, CI = 404 ± 10 d, CR1 = 36 ± 5%, IR = 60 ± 7%, and PR = 20 ± 3%. The average prevalence of clinical lameness, hock injuries, and knee injuries were 45 ± 20%, 58 ± 31%, and 16 ± 15%, respectively. Univariable associations between the reproductive outcomes and the prevalence of lameness and leg injuries were tested and significant predictors were submitted to a model that controlled for the confounding effects of herd size, 305-d mature equivalent milk production of the high-producing group, and use of deep bedding. A higher prevalence of lameness was associated with poorer reproductive performance, although the relationships were weak: herds with a higher prevalence of lameness had longer average CCI (slope estimate = 0.16 ± 0.07; R(2)= 0.09) and CI (slope estimate = 0.14 ± 0.07; R(2) = 0.07). These results indicate that management to reduce lameness may improve reproductive performance.
Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Chapinal
Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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von Keyserlingk
Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Cerri
Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO 63304.
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Ito
Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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LeBlanc
Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Electronic address: dan.weary@ubc.ca.
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Weary
D000818:Animals; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003612:Dairying; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D007774:Lactation; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries; D009511:New England; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013643:Tarsus, Animal / Q000293:injuries
cow comfort; fertility; gait; skin lesion