¹H NMR metabolomics analysis of the effect of dichloroacetate and allopurinol on breast cancers.
Metabolomics analysis was used to determine the effect of two well known, non-proprietary metabolic modulators, dichloroacetate and allopurinol on breast cancer cell lines. Dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor and allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase inhibitor, have been previously explored as chemotherapeutics showing potential in some cancer subtypes while at the same time leading to unexpected increase in proliferation in others. In this work, metabolic effects of these drugs, applied singly and in combination, were explored in three different breast cell lines including cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and normal control cell line, MCF-10A. The metabolic changes induced by these drugs were monitored by (1)H NMR metabolic profiling. Analyses were performed on complete spectral data as well as quantified metabolic data in intracellular fractions and extracellular media leading to the determination of the most significantly affected metabolites. The effect of dichloroacetate and allopurinol is the most apparent in the metabolic profile of extracellular media. In MCF-7 cells, dichloroacetate treatment is dominant with only a minor observed influence of allopurinol in combined treatment. In MDA-MB-231 cells, both allopurinol and DCA lead to a metabolic shift with the allopurinol change dominating the effect of combined treatment. Results show the power of metabolomics as a tool for fast molecular profiling of drug effects in cells. In summary, treatments of breast cancer cells with DCA and allopurinol result in larger changes in metabolites found in extracellular medium than intracellular pools.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, Canada. Electronic address: natalie.lefort@umoncton.ca.
Natalie
N
Lefort
Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada.
Amy
A
Brown
Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada. Electronic address: vlloyd@mta.ca.
Vett
V
Lloyd
Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, Canada. Electronic address: rodneyo@canceratl.ca.
Rodney
R
Ouellette
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada. Electronic address: mohamed.touaibia@umoncton.ca.
Mohamed
M
Touaibia
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, Canada; Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada. Electronic address: AdrianC@canceratl.ca.
Adrian S
AS
Culf
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada; Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Moncton, Canada. Electronic address: Miroslava.Cuperlovic-Culf@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.
Miroslava
M
Cuperlovic-Culf
D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000493:Allopurinol; D003999:Dichloroacetic Acid
Allopurinol; Cancer NMR metabolomics; Dichloroacetate; Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase Xanthine oxidase