Nitro-fatty acids: novel anti-inflammatory lipid mediators.
Nitro-fatty acids are formed and detected in human plasma, cell membranes, and tissue, modulating metabolic as well as inflammatory signaling pathways. Here we discuss the mechanisms of nitro-fatty acid formation as well as their key chemical and biochemical properties. The electrophilic properties of nitro-fatty acids to activate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways are discussed in detail. A critical issue is the influence of nitroarachidonic acid on prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases, redirecting arachidonic acid metabolism and signaling. We also analyze in vivo data supporting nitro-fatty acids as promising pharmacological tools to prevent inflammatory diseases.
Department of Biochemistry and Center for Radical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases