Antenatal Mental Health and Retinal Vascular Caliber in Pregnant Women.
OBJECTIVE
Depression, anxiety, and poor sleep are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between negative emotion and retinal microvascular changes among adults, yet no study has been done in pregnant women so far. This study aims to examine the association of antenatal mental health and retinal vascular caliber among Asian pregnant women.


METHODS
Nine hundred and fifty two Asian pregnant women aged 18 to 46 years were included in this study, who were recruited from two Singapore cohort studies, the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study and the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) study conducted from 2009 onwards. A total of 835 Asian pregnant women underwent retinal photography at 26 weeks follow up, of whom 800 had gradable photographs. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality were assessed with self-administered questionnaires.


RESULTS
In multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, ethnicity, household income, pregnancy outcome history, means of conception, hypertension history, diabetes history, cigarette smoking history, mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index, and spherical equivalent, each standard deviation (SD) increase in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (4.49 scores) and in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (2.90 scores) was associated with a 0.80 μm (P= 0.03) and a 1.22 μm (P= 0.01) widening in retinal arteriolar caliber, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates relationships of antenatal depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality with retinal arteriolar widening in pregnant women.


CONCLUSIONS
We speculate that this might possibly indicate an effect of antenatal depression and poor sleep on the microcirculation during pregnancy.
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Ling-Jun
LJ
Li
M Kamran
MK
Ikram
Leutscher
L
Broekman
Carol Yim-Lui
CY
Cheung
Helen
H
Chen
Joshua J
JJ
Gooley
Shu-E
SE
Soh
Peter
P
Gluckman
Kenneth
K
Kwek
Yap-Seng
YS
Chong
Michael
M
Meaney
Tien-Yin
TY
Wong
Seang-Mei
SM
Saw
antenatal depression; antenatal mental health; poor sleep quality; pregnancy; retinal vascular caliber