Lung cancer risk among hairdressers: a pooled analysis of case-control studies conducted between 1985 and 2010.
Increased lung cancer risks among hairdressers were observed in large registry-based cohort studies from Scandinavia, but these studies could not adjust for smoking. Our objective was to evaluate the lung cancer risk among hairdressers while adjusting for smoking and other confounders in a pooled database of 16 case-control studies conducted in Europe, Canada, China, and New Zealand between 1985 and 2010 (the Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies on the Joint Effects of Occupational Carcinogens in the Development of Lung Cancer). Lifetime occupational and smoking information was collected through interviews with 19,369 cases of lung cancer and 23,674 matched population or hospital controls. Overall, 170 cases and 167 controls had ever worked as hairdresser or barber. The odds ratios for lung cancer in women were 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 2.35) without adjustment for smoking and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.68) with adjustment for smoking; however, women employed before 1954 also experienced an increased lung cancer risk after adjustment for smoking (odds ratio = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.09, 6.47). The odds ratios in male hairdressers/barbers were generally not elevated, except for an increased odds ratio for adenocarcinoma in long-term barbers (odds ratio = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.77). Our results suggest that the increased lung cancer risks among hairdressers are due to their smoking behavior; single elevated risk estimates should be interpreted with caution and need replication in other studies.
Ann C
AC
Olsson
Yiwen
Y
Xu
Joachim
J
Schüz
Jelle
J
Vlaanderen
Hans
H
Kromhout
Roel
R
Vermeulen
Susan
S
Peters
Isabelle
I
Stücker
Florence
F
Guida
Irene
I
Brüske
Heinz-Erich
HE
Wichmann
Dario
D
Consonni
Maria Teresa
MT
Landi
Neil
N
Caporaso
Lap Ah
LA
Tse
Ignatius Tak-sun
IT
Yu
Jack
J
Siemiatycki
Lesley
L
Richardson
Dario
D
Mirabelli
Lorenzo
L
Richiardi
Lorenzo
L
Simonato
Per
P
Gustavsson
Nils
N
Plato
Karl-Heinz
KH
Jöckel
Wolfgang
W
Ahrens
Hermann
H
Pohlabeln
Adonina
A
Tardón
David
D
Zaridze
Michael W
MW
Marcus
Andrea
A
't Mannetje
Neil
N
Pearce
John
J
McLaughlin
Paul
P
Demers
Neonila
N
Szeszenia-Dabrowska
Jolanta
J
Lissowska
Peter
P
Rudnai
Eleonora
E
Fabianova
Rodica Stanescu
RS
Dumitru
Vladimir
V
Bencko
Lenka
L
Foretova
Vladimir
V
Janout
Paolo
P
Boffetta
Cristina
C
Fortes
Bas
B
Bueno-de-Mesquita
Benjamin
B
Kendzia
Thomas
T
Behrens
Beate
B
Pesch
Thomas
T
Brüning
Kurt
K
Straif
D001461:Barbering / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors
case-control studies; hair bleaching agents; hair color; lung neoplasms; occupational exposure