Chlorobenzenes, lindane and dieldrin induce apoptotic alterations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (in vitro study).
In this study, we have assessed apoptotic effect of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, lindane and dieldrin on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We observed an increase in ROS formation and a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential in the cells incubated with low concentrations of all compounds studied, in particular lindane and dieldrin. ROS formation and changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential may have influenced caspase-3 activation, a crucial enzyme in the apoptotic process. Moreover, chlorobenzenes, and in particular lindane and dieldrin changed cells' membrane permeability and induced phosphatidylserine translocation, which confirmed that they are capable of inducing apoptosis in human lymphocytes. Apoptotic changes in human lymphocytes provoked by biologically relevant concentrations of these substances suggest that they may disturb function of immunological system especially among people occupationally exposed to their action.
Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-236 Łódź, Poland. Electronic address: michalow@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
Jaromir
J
Michałowicz
Katarzyna
K
Mokra
Karolina
K
Rosiak
Paulina
P
Sicińska
Bożena
B
Bukowska
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004026:Dieldrin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D005609:Free Radicals; D007306:Insecticides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D053148:Caspase 3; D004026:Dieldrin
1,2,4-TCB; 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene; 1,2-DCB; 1,2-dichlorobenzene; 3,3′-dimethyl-α-naphtoxa-carbocyanine iodide; Apoptosis; Caspase-3 activity; Chlorobenzenes; Dieldrin; HCB; JC-9; Lindane; Mitochondrial transmembrane potential; YO-PRO-1; hexachlorobenzene; lindane; quinolinium 4-[(3-methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolylidene)methyl]-1-[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-diiodide; γ-hexachlorocyclohexane