Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, vascular pathology, endothelial function and endothelial cells and circulating microparticles.
Accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk are frequently reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. In this article the authors attempt a review of the current understanding of the relationship between vascular risk and OSA syndrome based on large cohort studies that related the disease to several cardiovascular risk factors and vascular pathologies. We also discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms that may be involved in this relationship, starting with endothelial dysfunction and its mediators. These include an increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as several disorders of coagulation and lipid metabolism. Moreover, circulating microparticles from activated leukocytes (CD62L_MPs) are higher in patients with OSA and there is a positive correlation between circulating levels of CD62L_MPs and nocturnal hypoxemia severity. Finally, circulating level of endothelial microparticles and circulating endothelial cells seem to be increased in patients with OSA. Also, endothelial progenitor cells are reduced and plasma levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor are increased.
Unidad Clinico Experimental de Riesgo Vascular (UCAMI-UCERV), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS) SAS, CEIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Electronic address: stiefel@cica.es.
Pablo
P
Stiefel
Maria Angeles
MA
Sánchez-Armengol
José
J
Villar
Antonio
A
Vallejo-Vaz
Rafael
R
Moreno-Luna
Francisco
F
Capote
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism; D015897:Comorbidity; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Endothelial cells; Endothelial dysfunction; Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; Progenitor endothelial cells; Vascular risk