[Diabetes type 2--criteria concerning the recognition and prevention, as well as therapeutic targets in the light of research results and guidelines formulated by the American Diabetes Association in 2012].
The article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the detection of pre-diabetic condition and type 2 diabetes, as well as therapeutic purposes. ADA guidelines published in January 2012, in line with the earlier experts' findings allow the detection of diabetes on the basis of HbA1C (> or = 6.5%) marking. Moreover, there are still applicable criteria that impose the following methods of blood glucose level monitoring: fasted, and 2 hours after a 75 gram of oral glucose intake. Screening for diabetes type 2 is indicated especially in obese patients and patients with arterial hypertension. This includes also those, in whom a prediabetic condition is found, and who would benefit most from their lifestyle modification, or from pharmacological diabetes prevention with the use of metformin. The results of clinical trials and recent meta-analyses indicate that for most patients, the therapeutic goal in the treatment of diabetes may be less precise than it was previously thought, and for HbA1C it is < 7.0%. An individualized approach is, however, advised, as patients with respect to whom a short period of time has elapsed after diabetes was diagnosed in them, young people and those with a high life expectancy and low hypoglycemia risk may benefit from a stricter controlling regime (< 6.5%).
Centrum Medyczne Vadimed, Kraków.
Ewa
E
Kucharska
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000628:therapy; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012955:Societies, Medical
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human