Complete staghorn calculus in polycystic kidney disease: infection is still the cause.
BACKGROUND
Kidney stones in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are common, regarded as the consequence of the combination of anatomic abnormality and metabolic risk factors. However, complete staghorn calculus is rare in polycystic kidney disease and predicts a gloomy prognosis of kidney. For general population, recent data showed metabolic factors were the dominant causes for staghorn calculus, but for polycystic kidney disease patients, the cause for staghorn calculus remained elusive.


METHODS
We report a case of complete staghorm calculus in a polycystic kidney disease patient induced by repeatedly urinary tract infections. This 37-year-old autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease female with positive family history was admitted in this hospital for repeatedly upper urinary tract infection for 3 years. CT scan revealed the existence of a complete staghorn calculus in her right kidney, while there was no kidney stone 3 years before, and the urinary stone component analysis showed the composition of calculus was magnesium ammonium phosphate.


CONCLUSIONS
UTI is an important complication for polycystic kidney disease and will facilitate the formation of staghorn calculi. As staghorn calculi are associated with kidney fibrosis and high long-term renal deterioration rate, prompt control of urinary tract infection in polycystic kidney disease patient will be beneficial in preventing staghorn calculus formation.
Kidney Institute of CPLA, Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China. maozhiguo93@gmail.com
Zhiguo
Z
Mao
Jing
J
Xu
Chaoyang
C
Ye
Dongping
D
Chen
Changlin
C
Mei
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents