Prevalence and causes of loss of consciousness in former North Sea occupational divers.
BACKGROUND
Loss of consciousness (LOC) is a serious event during diving. The purpose of this study wasto estimate the prevalence and causes of LOC during diving in former North Sea divers, and the impacton health-related quality of life.


METHODS
Up to 1990 a total of 373 Norwegian offshore divers worked in the North Sea. From 2000 to 2011, 221 of these were referred to the Department of Occupational Medicine at Haukeland University Hospital for examination due to health complaints. They filled in a questionnaire for registration of diving experience and health complaints, including the SF-36 version 1 for the assessment of quality oflife. The questionnaire and the hospital records were systematically reviewed by 2 independent observers. Episodes of LOC during diving and the causes were registered. All participants underwent a clinical neurological examination. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and the event-related brain potential (P300) were recorded.


RESULTS
One or more episodes of LOC were reported by 58 of 219 divers. LOC due to gas cut was reportedby 27 of these. Divers having experienced LOC due to gas cut had lower SF-36 sub-scores then the rest of the diving population. EEG and P300 recordings did not differ between the groups.


CONCLUSIONS
A high proportion of former Norwegian North Sea divers reported episodes of LOC, for whichgas cut was the most common cause. Both hypoxia and peritraumatic stress associated with the episodecould have a long term impact on the quality of life. Neurophysiological functions, however, did not differbetween the groups.
Norwegian Centre for Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. endre.sundal@helse-bergen.no.
Endre
E
Sundal
Ågot
Å
Irgens
Kari
K
Troland
Einar
E
Thorsen
Marit
M
Grønning
D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009659:North Sea; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D011930:Reaction Time; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology