Impact of reclaimed water irrigation on antibiotic resistance in public parks, Beijing, China.
The abundance and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils from six parks using reclaimed water in Beijing, China, were characterized. Three classes of commonly used antibiotics (tetracycles, quinolones, and sulfonamides) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The highest concentrations of tetracyclines and quinolones were 145.2 μg kg(-1) and 79.2 μg kg(-1), respectively. Detected tetG, tetW, sulI, and sulII genes were quantified by quantitative PCR. ARGs exhibited various abundances for different park soils. The integrase gene (intI1) as an indicator of horizontal gene transfer potential was also detected in high abundance, and had significant positive correlation with tetG, sulI, and sulII genes, suggesting that intI1 may be involved in ARGs dissemination. Both sulII and intI1 clones had high homology with some classes of pathogenic bacteria, such as Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, Shigella flexneri, which could trigger potential public health concern.
State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Feng-Hua
FH
Wang
Min
M
Qiao
Zhen-E
ZE
Lv
Guang-Xia
GX
Guo
Yan
Y
Jia
Yu-Hong
YH
Su
Yong-Guan
YG
Zhu
D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002681:China; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013754:Tetracyclines; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013754:Tetracyclines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Antibiotic resistance genes; Integrase gene; Reclaimed water; Urban parks