Radioprotective effects of gallic acid in mice.
Radioprotecting ability of the natural polyphenol, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA), was investigated in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of GA (100 mg/kg body weight), one hour prior to whole body gamma radiation exposure (2-8 Gy; 6 animals/group), reduced the radiation-induced cellular DNA damage in mouse peripheral blood leukocytes, bone marrow cells, and spleenocytes as revealed by comet assay. The GA administration also prevented the radiation-induced decrease in the levels of the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidise (GPx), and nonprotein thiol glutathione (GSH) and inhibited the peroxidation of membrane lipids in these animals. Exposure of mice to whole body gamma radiation also caused the formation of micronuclei in blood reticulocytes and chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells, and the administration of GA resulted in the inhibition of micronucleus formation and chromosomal aberrations. In irradiated animals, administration of GA elicited an enhancement in the rate of DNA repair process and a significant increase in endogenous spleen colony formation. The administration of GA also prevented the radiation-induced weight loss and mortality in animals (10 animals/group) exposed to lethal dose (10 Gy) of gamma radiation. (For every experiment unirradiated animals without GA administration were taken as normal control; specific dose (Gy) irradiated animals without GA administration serve as radiation control; and unirradiated GA treated animals were taken as drug alone control).
Department of Radiation Biology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala 680555, India.
Gopakumar Gopinathan
GG
Nair
Cherupally Krishnan Krishnan
CK
Nair
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D005707:Gallic Acid; D005978:Glutathione