Promotion of self-directed learning using virtual patient cases.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of virtual patient cases to promote self-directed learning (SDL) in a required advanced therapeutics course.


METHODS
Virtual patient software based on a branched-narrative decision-making model was used to create complex patient case simulations to replace lecture-based instruction. Within each simulation, students used SDL principles to learn course objectives, apply their knowledge through clinical recommendations, and assess their progress through patient outcomes and faculty feedback linked to their individual decisions. Group discussions followed each virtual patient case to provide further interpretation, clarification, and clinical perspective.


METHODS
Students found the simulated patient cases to be organized (90%), enjoyable (82%), intellectually challenging (97%), and valuable to their understanding of course content (91%). Students further indicated that completion of the virtual patient cases prior to class permitted better use of class time (78%) and promoted SDL (84%). When assessment questions regarding material on postoperative nausea and vomiting were compared, no difference in scores were found between the students who attended the lecture on the material in 2011 (control group) and those who completed the virtual patient case on the material in 2012 (intervention group).


CONCLUSIONS
Completion of virtual patient cases, designed to replace lectures and promote SDL, was overwhelmingly supported by students and proved to be as effective as traditional teaching methods.
School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Neal
N
Benedict
Kristine
K
Schonder
James
J
McGee
D003479:Curriculum; D003657:Decision Making; D004512:Education, Pharmacy; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D012984:Software; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D014584:User-Computer Interface
self-directed learning; simulation; technology; virtual learning; virtual patients