Determination of alcohol sulfates and alcohol ethoxysulfates in marine and river sediments using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
A novel and successful method has been developed for the identification and quantification of alcohol sulfates (AS) homologues and alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES) ethoxymers in marine and river sediment samples. The method involves the extraction of 5.00 g of dry sample with methanol using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 2-Octylbenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (2ØC8-LAS) was used as internal standard. The analytical methods were applied to marine sediments collected from the coast of Almeria (South-east Spain) and river sediments collected from the Monachil river (Granada, South-east Spain). For AS homologues, the found limits of detection were 0.04-0.08 μg g(-1) for marine and river sediments. For AES ethoxymers, the found limits of detection were 0.03-0.09 μg g(-1) and 0.06-0.22 μg g(-1) for marine and river sediments, respectively. The highest concentrations of AS and AES were found in river sediment samples. Significant differences were also observed between the behavior of short-chain compounds (C12) and long-chain compounds (C14 to C18). The influence of the physic-chemical properties of water on the occurrence of these compounds was also evaluated, and differences between long- and short-chain compounds were also observed. Additionally, principal components analyses were carried out in order to study the relationship between variables and to evaluate the sources of data variability and behavior patterns. Finally, important conclusions were drawn regarding the environmental behavior of AS and AES.
Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
C
C
Fernández-Ramos
O
O
Ballesteros
R
R
Blanc
A
A
Zafra-Gómez
F J
FJ
Camino-Sánchez
A
A
Navalón
J L
JL
Vílchez
D000438:Alcohols / Q000032:analysis*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D045483:Rivers; D012623:Seawater; D013030:Spain; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D000438:Alcohols; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D013431:Sulfates
Anionic surfactants; LC–MS/MS; Marine sediments; Pressurized liquid extraction; Principal components analysis; River sediments