Three-dimensional facial architecture in normodivergent class I Caucasian subjects.
BACKGROUND
The aims of this study were to (1) define facial architecture in Caucasian patients with normodivergent, skeletal and dental class I using Treil's cephalometric analysis, which is based on computed tomography (CT), and (2) develop a scheme to determine individual balance or normality in relation to linear, angular and volumetric parameters.


METHODS
The CT data of 60 adult subjects were equally divided between both genders. Based on anatomical points located along the trigeminal neuro-matricial facial growth axes, a three-dimensional maxillo-facial architecture was constructed.


RESULTS
Volumetric and linear parameters were greater in males (0.000 < p < 0.044) except for the anterior and posterior mandibular width. Sexual dimorphism was not observed with angular parameters. There was no correlation between volumetric and angular parameters. The correlation tests showed that the total volume of the frame increases with infraorbital depth, supraorbital depth, posterior mandibular width and facial height (0.526 < r < 0.777), while it was not associated with the maxillo-orbital width (0.252 < r < 0.389). Total and orbital volumes were more correlated with posterior than with anterior mandibular width. Maxillo-mandibular volume of the frame was more cor-related with orbital depth (0.591 < r < 0.742) than the orbital volume (0.482 < r < 0.589).


CONCLUSIONS
The results allowed us to establish three-dimensional cephalometric standards, and to replace the tenet of normality, which is a mean value of calculated parameters, by the concept of individual balance among volumetric entities. While sagittal and vertical dimensions affect volumetric changes of the frame, the transverse dimension does not.
Dpt of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
J V
JV
Ghoubril
F M
FM
Abou Obeid
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult