Adaptation to different noninvasive ventilation masks in critically ill patients.
OBJECTIVE
To identify which noninvasive ventilation (NIV) masks are most commonly used and the problems related to the adaptation to such masks in critically ill patients admitted to a hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.


METHODS
An observational study involving patients ≥ 18 years of age admitted to intensive care units and submitted to NIV. The reason for NIV use, type of mask, NIV regimen, adaptation to the mask, and reasons for non-adaptation to the mask were investigated.


RESULTS
We evaluated 245 patients, with a median age of 82 years. Acute respiratory failure was the most common reason for NIV use (in 71.3%). Total face masks were the most commonly used (in 74.7%), followed by full face masks and near-total face masks (in 24.5% and 0.8%, respectively). Intermittent NIV was used in 82.4% of the patients. Adequate adaptation to the mask was found in 76% of the patients. Masks had to be replaced by another type of mask in 24% of the patients. Adequate adaptation to total face masks and full face masks was found in 75.5% and 80.0% of the patients, respectively. Non-adaptation occurred in the 2 patients using near-total facial masks. The most common reason for non-adaptation was the shape of the face, in 30.5% of the patients.


CONCLUSIONS
In our sample, acute respiratory failure was the most common reason for NIV use, and total face masks were the most commonly used. The most common reason for non-adaptation to the mask was the shape of the face, which was resolved by changing the type of mask employed.
Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
Renata Matos da
RM
Silva
Karina Tavares
KT
Timenetsky
Renata Cristina Miranda
RC
Neves
Liane Hirano
LH
Shigemichi
Sandra Sayuri
SS
Kanda
Carla
C
Maekawa
Eliezer
E
Silva
Raquel Afonso Caserta
RA
Eid
D000208:Acute Disease; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult