Looming animate and inanimate threats: the response of the amygdala and periaqueductal gray.
Looming stimuli are processed as threatening and activate basic neural defense systems. However, it is unclear how animacy information modulates this response. Participants (N = 25) viewed threatening or neutral images that were either animate (animals) or inanimate (objects) and which either approached (loomed) or receded from the participant. The amygdala was responsive to emotional, animacy, and looming information (particularly to looming threats and looming animate stimuli). Periaqueductal gray was also sensitive to emotional information and particularly responsive to looming threats. The data are interpreted within category-specific models of the amygdala and temporal cortex.
a Section on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience , National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda , MD , USA.
Dionne S
DS
Coker-Appiah
Stuart F
SF
White
Roberta
R
Clanton
Jiongjong
J
Yang
Alex
A
Martin
R J R
RJ
Blair
D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult