Saccadic eye movement applications for psychiatric disorders.
OBJECTIVE
The study presented here analyzed the patterns of relationship between oculomotor performance and psychopathology, focusing on depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety disorder.


METHODS
Scientific articles published from 1967 to 2013 in the PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane, and SciELO databases were reviewed.


RESULTS
Saccadic eye movement appears to be heavily involved in psychiatric diseases covered in this review via a direct mechanism. The changes seen in the execution of eye movement tasks in patients with psychopathologies of various studies confirm that eye movement is associated with the cognitive and motor system.


CONCLUSIONS
Saccadic eye movement changes appear to be heavily involved in the psychiatric disorders covered in this review and may be considered a possible marker of some disorders. The few existing studies that approach the topic demonstrate a need to improve the experimental paradigms, as well as the methods of analysis. Most of them report behavioral variables (latency/reaction time), though electrophysiological measures are absent.
Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Applied Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratory of Physical Therapy, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Juliana
J
Bittencourt
Bruna
B
Velasques
Silmar
S
Teixeira
Luis F
LF
Basile
José Inácio
JI
Salles
Antonio Egídio
AE
Nardi
Henning
H
Budde
Mauricio
M
Cagy
Roberto
R
Piedade
Pedro
P
Ribeiro
anxiety disorder; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; bipolar disorder; depression; schizophrenia