Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, attenuates cerebral infarction and hemorrhagic infarction in rats with hyperglycemia.
BACKGROUND
Thrombolysis due to acute ischemic stroke is associated with the risk of hemorrhagic infarction, especially after reperfusion. Recent experimental studies suggest that the main mechanism contributing to hemorrhagic infarction is oxidative stress caused by disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, decreases oxidative stress, thereby preventing hemorrhagic infarction during ischemia and reperfusion. In this study, we investigated the effects of edaravone on hemorrhagic infarction in a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation.


METHODS
We used a previously established hemorrhagic transformation model of rats with hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of glucose to all rats (n  =  20). The rats with hyperglycemia showed a high incidence of hemorrhagic infarction. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours was performed in edaravone-treated rats (n  =  10) and control rats (n  =  10). Upon completion of reperfusion, both groups were evaluated for infarct size and hemorrhage volume and the results obtained were compared.


RESULTS
Edaravone significantly decreased infarct volume, with the average infarct volume in the edaravone-treated rats (227.6 mm(3)) being significantly lower than that in the control rats (264.0 mm(3)). Edaravone treatment also decreased the postischemic hemorrhage volumes (53.4 mm(3) in edaravone-treated rats vs 176.4 mm(3) in controls). In addition, the ratio of hemorrhage volume to infarct volume was lower in the edaravone-treated rats (23.5%) than in the untreated rats (63.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
Edaravone attenuates cerebral infarction and hemorrhagic infarction in rats with hyperglycemia.
Koichi
K
Okamura
Tamiji
T
Tsubokawa
Hiroo
H
Johshita
Hiroshi
H
Miyazaki
Yoshiaki
Y
Shiokawa
D000818:Animals; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077553:Edaravone; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion
D001786:Blood Glucose; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D000077553:Edaravone; D000983:Antipyrine
Edaravone; Free radical scavengers,; Hemorrhagic infarction,; Hyperglycemia,; Oxidative stress,