Tubular injury marker netrin-1 is elevated early in experimental diabetes.
BACKGROUND
Netrin-1 was recently identified as an early diagnostic biomarker of acute kidney injury. However, its usefulness for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. The current study evaluated whether these proteins are increased in urine from experimental animals with diabetes.


METHODS
The current study evaluated whether netrin-1 is increased in urine from diabetic rats and mice, and whether netrin-1 correlated with development of nephropathy.


RESULTS
In rats, urinary netrin-1 excretion was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the diabetic group at 4 and 10 weeks after induction of diabetes as compared with the control group. Similarly, netrin-1 was increased significantly (p<0.001) in urine from hypertensive rats at 4 weeks as compared with controls. Likewise, urinary albumin excretion rates were increased in diabetic rats at 4 and 10 weeks as compared with controls and were increased in hypertensive rats at 4 weeks. Consistent with the diabetic model in rats, netrin-1 excretion was also increased early in diabetic mice's urine, and peak levels correlated with disease severity.


CONCLUSIONS
Netrin-1 can be detected in urine from diabetic and hypertensive rats and may serve as a useful early diagnostic biomarker for development of CKD.
Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia - USA.
John J
JJ
White
Riyaz
R
Mohamed
Calpurnia
C
Jayakumar
Ganesan
G
Ramesh
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D064791:Desoxycorticosterone Acetate; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000652:urine*; D000075388:Netrin-1; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D040121:Semaphorin-3A / Q000652:urine*; D013311:Streptozocin; D013997:Time Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000652:urine*
D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; C000617353:Ntn1 protein, mouse; C000617354:Ntn1 protein, rat; D040121:Semaphorin-3A; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000075388:Netrin-1; D013311:Streptozocin; D064791:Desoxycorticosterone Acetate; D003404:Creatinine