Patency of neck veins following ultrasound-guided percutaneous Hickman line insertion.
OBJECTIVE
Venous occlusion following permanent central venous catheter (CVC) insertion by open cutdown or the landmark percutaneous technique has been reported between up to 25 %. However, there are no published data on the equivalent rate following ultrasound-guided percutaneous CVC insertion. The purpose of this study was to document the rate of venous occlusion associated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous CVC insertion in children.


METHODS
From 1 April 2010 to 1 December 2011, all children having elective or emergency removal of a Hickman line by the vascular access team had a Doppler ultrasound of their neck veins. Only Hickman lines inserted by the ultrasound-guided percutaneous route were included. Internal jugular, innominate and subclavian veins were scanned and recorded as patent, reduced or absent.


RESULTS
We identified 100 consecutive children. Median age was 6 years (range 21 days to 16 years). Indication for insertion was chemotherapy (60), parenteral nutrition (15), blood products (12), renal replacement (3) and other indications (10). Three children had absent flow at the time of line removal (median age 4 months, range 3-6 months), with 2 out of 3 requiring removal for infection. The venous occlusion rate following ultrasound-guided insertion of CVC is 3 % in our study.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that (1) complete venous occlusion is associated with younger age and CVC infection. (2) In our study, the venous occlusion rate of 3 % is significantly lower than the published series of either open cutdown or the landmark technique.
Department of Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK, r.wragg@doctors.org.uk.
R C
RC
Wragg
S
S
Blundell
M
M
Bader
B
B
Sharif
J
J
Bennett
I
I
Jester
P
P
Bromley
G S
GS
Arul
D000293:Adolescent; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods; D006113:United Kingdom; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*