Nutritional controls of food reward.
The propensity to select and consume palatable nutrients is strongly influenced by the rewarding effects of food. Neural processes integrating reward, emotional states and decision-making can supersede satiety signals to promote excessive caloric intake and weight gain. While nutritional habits are influenced by reward-based neural mechanisms, nutrition and its impact on energy metabolism, in turn, plays an important role in the control of food reward. Feeding modulates the release of metabolic hormones that have an important influence on central controls of appetite. Nutrients themselves are also an essential source of energy fuel, while serving as key metabolites and acting as signalling molecules in the neural pathways that control feeding and food reward. Along these lines, this review discusses the impact of nutritionally regulated hormones and select macronutrients on the behavioural and neural processes underlying the rewarding effects of food.
CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Maria F
MF
Fernandes
CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Sandeep
S
Sharma
CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Cecile
C
Hryhorczuk
CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Stephanie
S
Auguste
CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: stephanie.fulton@umontreal.ca.
Stephanie
S
Fulton
D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012201:Reward
alimentation; dopamine; feeding; ghrelin; ghréline; hedonic; hédonique; insulin; insuline; leptin; leptine; noyau accumbens; nucleus accumbens; obesity; obésité; reinforcement; renforcement; striatum