Female sex hormones regulate the Th17 immune response to sperm and Candida albicans.
OBJECTIVE
What role do female sex hormones play in the antisperm immune response?


CONCLUSIONS
We found that sperm induce a Th17 immune response and that estradiol down-regulates the antisperm Th17 response by dendritic cells.


BACKGROUND
Estradiol down-regulates the immune response to several pathogens and impairs the triggering of dendritic cell maturation by microbial products.


METHODS
Ex vivo and in vivo murine models of vaginal infection with sperm and Candida albicans were used to study the induction of Th17 and its hormonal regulation.


METHODS
We analyzed the induction of Th17 cytokines and T cells in splenocytes obtained from BALB/c mice challenged with sperm and C. albicans. For the in vivo vaginal infection models, we used ovariectomized mice treated with vehicle, estradiol or progesterone, and we assessed the effect of these hormones on the immune response in the lymph nodes.


RESULTS
Th17 cytokines and T cells were induced by sperm antigens in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Estrus levels of estradiol down-regulated the Th17 response to sperm and C. albicans in vivo.


CONCLUSIONS
This study was conducted using murine models; whether or not the results are applicable to humans is not known.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results describe an adaptive mechanism that reconciles immunity and reproduction and further explains why unregulated Th17 could be linked to infertility and recurrent infections.


BACKGROUND
This work was supported by research grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI10/00897) and Fundación Mutua Madrileña to M.R. M.R. holds a Miguel Servet contract from the ISCIII (CP08/00228). M.A.M.-F. was supported by (ISCIII) INTRASALUD PI09/02029. We have no conflicts of interest to declare.


BACKGROUND
Not required.
Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
S
S
Lasarte
D
D
Elsner
M
M
Guía-González
R
R
Ramos-Medina
S
S
Sánchez-Ramón
P
P
Esponda
M A
MA
Muñoz-Fernández
M
M
Relloso
D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
D004958:Estradiol
Th17; dendritic cells; estradiol; spermatozoa