Carboxymethyl cellulose wafers containing antimicrobials: a modern drug delivery system for wound infections.
Lyophilised wafers have been shown to have potential as a modern dressing for mucosal wound healing. The wafer absorbs wound exudates and transforms into a gel, thus providing a moist environment which is essential for wound healing. The objective of this study was to develop a carboxymethyl cellulose wafer containing antimicrobials to promote wound healing and treat wound infection. The pre-formulation studies began with four polymers, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), methylcellulose (MC), sodium alginate and xanthan gum, but only NaCMC and MC were chosen for further investigation. The wafers were characterised by physical assessments, solvent loss, microscopic examination, swelling and hydration properties, drug content uniformity, drug release and efficacy of antimicrobials. Three of the antimicrobials, neomycin trisulphate salt hydrate, sulphacetamide sodium and silver nitrate, were selected as model drugs. Among the formulations, NaCMC wafer containing neomycin trisulphate exhibited the most desirable wound dressing characteristics (i.e., flexibility, sponginess, uniform wafer texture, high content drug uniformity) with the highest in vitro drug release and the greatest inhibition against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In conclusion, we successfully developed a NaCMC lyophilised wafer containing antimicrobials, and this formulation has potential for use in mucosal wounds infected with bacteria.
Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: nsfern@gmail.com.
Shiow-Fern
SF
Ng
Nafisah
N
Jumaat
D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
D000464:Alginates; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D008747:Methylcellulose; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; C002563:xanthan gum
Antimicrobial dressings; Carboxymethyl cellulose; Lyophilised wafer; Methylcellulose; Wound infection