Thermo-mechanical properties of NiTi closed coil springs--force degradation and force regeneration over time, viscous properties.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to find out the impact of degradation and regeneration of force over time at NiTi springs on the value and course of the final acting force and to verify the possibility of using these phenomena for a directed transition to the reverse plateau and its maintaining.


METHODS
Static and cyclic mechanical loadings were performed. At first unused springs were tested. Afterwards the springs were mechanically stabilized by stress cycling and finally tested again. The difference in shape of the working curves was assessed. For simulation and description of the force degradation the modified Voight model was used.


RESULTS
New springs, mainly those with large hysteresis, showed a significant stress-strain curve movement and shape changes during the cycling. The effect of the stress-strain curve course change disappeared fully in the stabilized springs. Multiple loading led to an overall decrease of force value during the measurement. The effect of force degradation and regeneration over time by simple static loading varies in the range of percentage of the nominal force in the plateau area. The transition between stress-strain curve phases caused by the degradation or regeneration of the force wasn't observed in case of mechanically stabilized springs.


CONCLUSIONS
Springs should be mechanically stabilized before their application. The degree of force degradation over time is insignificant for mechanically stabilized springs. Degradation or regeneration of force over time, mechanical stabilization or micromovements in the mouth don't cause any transition between individual stress-strain curve phases.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. bezrouka@lfhk.cuni.cz
Alex
A
Bezrouk
Libor
L
Balský
Martin
M
Smutný
Tomás
T
Nosek
Jirí
J
Záhora
Josef
J
Hanus
Richard
R
Polma
D019245:Compressive Strength; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D014783:Viscosity
D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium