Bone regeneration around N-acetyl cysteine-loaded nanotube titanium dental implant in rat mandible.
New strategies involving drugs loading onto implant surfaces are required to enhance osseointegration and shorten healing time after implantation. In this study, we examined the feasibility of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-loaded nanotube titanium (NLN-Ti) implants as a potential drug delivery system. To determine the effect of NLN-Ti in in vitro and in vivo, viability and ROS formation was assessed and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), Western blot, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), hematoxylin and eoxin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis were done. In vitro, cell viability was increased and inflammatory responses and reduced oxidative stress-related defense were decreased with MC 3T3-E1 cells exposed to a sustained release of NAC from NLN-Ti implants. Following NLN-Ti implant installation, μ-CT revealed an increase of newly formed bone volume and bone mineral density in the mandibles of Sprague Dawley rats. Relatively well formed new bone was demonstrated in close contact to the NLN-Ti implant surface by H&E staining. IHC revealed significantly higher expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, -7 and heme oxygenase-1, and reduced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand. The data indicate that NLN-Ti implants enhance osseointegration and highlight the value of the small animal model in assessing diverse biological responses to dental implants.
Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
Young-Hee
YH
Lee
Govinda
G
Bhattarai
Il-Song
IS
Park
Ga-Ram
GR
Kim
Go-Eun
GE
Kim
Min-Ho
MH
Lee
Ho-Keun
HK
Yi
D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
D015921:Dental Implants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014025:Titanium; D003545:Cysteine
Dental implant; Drug delivery; NAC; Nanotubes; Osseointegration; μ-CT