Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation regulates insulator function and intrachromosomal interactions in Drosophila.
Insulators mediate inter- and intrachromosomal contacts to regulate enhancer-promoter interactions and establish chromosome domains. The mechanisms by which insulator activity can be regulated to orchestrate changes in the function and three-dimensional arrangement of the genome remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila insulator proteins are poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated and that mutation of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp) gene impairs their function. This modification is not essential for DNA occupancy of insulator DNA-binding proteins dCTCF and Su(Hw). However, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of K566 in CP190 promotes protein-protein interactions with other insulator proteins, association with the nuclear lamina, and insulator activity in vivo. Consistent with these findings, the nuclear clustering of CP190 complexes is disrupted in Parp mutant cells. Importantly, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation facilitates intrachromosomal interactions between insulator sites measured by 4C. These data suggest that the role of insulators in organizing the three-dimensional architecture of the genome may be modulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Chin-Tong
CT
Ong
Kevin
K
Van Bortle
Edward
E
Ramos
Victor G
VG
Corces
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038101:Insulator Elements; D009154:Mutation; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059007:Polytene Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases