Selaginella tamariscina extract suppresses TPA-induced invasion and metastasis through inhibition of MMP-9 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells.
BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is known for its high incidence of neck lymph node metastasis, which represents poor prognosis. The present study aimed to examine the anti-metastatic properties of Selaginella tamariscina extract (STE) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells in vitro.


METHODS
Cell viability was examined by MTT assay, whereas cell motility was measured by invasive, migration and would healing assays. Real-time PCR, and promoter assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of STE on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA level in HONE-1 cells.


RESULTS
The STE inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced HONE-1 cell migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. By zymographic and Western blot analyses, STE was shown to inhibit the activities and expression of MMP-9. Treatment of STE on TPA-induced HONE-1 cells inhibited MMP-9 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation without affecting JNK and p38 phosphorylation.


CONCLUSIONS
STE inhibits MMP-9 expression and HONE-1 cell metastasis. Its inhibitory effects may involve the Src/FAK/ERK 1/2 pathway. STE may have the potential of being an anti-metastatic agent against NPC.
Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. 53780@cch.org.tw.
Chung-Han
CH
Hsin
Buor-Chang
BC
Wu
Chun-Yi
CY
Chuang
Shun-Fa
SF
Yang
Yi-Hsien
YH
Hsieh
Hsin-Yu
HY
Ho
Huang-Pin
HP
Lin
Mu-Kuan
MK
Chen
Chiao-Wen
CW
Lin
D002277:Carcinoma; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032503:Selaginellaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
C554292:12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-1,3-acetate; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate