DNA biosensor/biochip for multiplex blood group genotyping.
At present, 33 blood groups representing over 300 antigens are listed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). Most of them result from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the corresponding DNA sequence, i.e. approx. 200 SNPs. In immunohematology laboratories, blood group determination is classically carried out by serological tests, but these have some limitations, mostly in term of multiplexing and throughput. Yet, there is a growing need of extended blood group typing to prevent alloimmunization in transfused patients and transfusion accidents. The knowledge of the molecular bases of blood groups allows the use of molecular biology methods within immunohematology laboratories. Numerous assays focused on blood group genotyping were developed and described during the last 10 years. Some of them were real biochips or biosensors while others were more characterized by the particular molecular biology techniques they used, but all were intending to produce multiplex analysis. PCR techniques are most of the time used followed by an analytical step involving a DNA biosensor, biochip or analysis system (capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry). According to the method used, the test can then be classified as low-, medium- or high-throughput. There are several companies which developed platforms dedicated to blood group genotyping able to analyze simultaneously various SNPs or variants associated with blood group systems. This review summarizes the characteristics of each molecular biology method and medium-/high-throughput platforms dedicated to the blood group genotyping.
Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Equipe Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires, Université Lyon 1 - CNRS 5246 ICBMS, Bâtiment CPE 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; AXO Science SAS, 66 Bd Niels Bohr, CEI 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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SA
Boccoz
L J
LJ
Blum
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CA
Marquette
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D001789:Blood Group Antigens
Blood group; DNA biochip; Microarray; Multiplex; Polymerase chain reaction