title: Incidence of distress and associated factors in women undergoing breast diagnostic evaluation.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of distress and factors associated with distress in women undergoing breast diagnostic evaluations. A total of 128 women undergoing a breast biopsy at three hospitals completed a set of nine standardized instruments. The presence of distress was identified with 14% having symptoms above the cutoff point for clinical anxiety. In multiple regression analyses, trait anxiety alone explained 71% of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State score. A model with trait anxiety, satisfaction with health care, meaning in life, and friend support accounted for 66% of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score for depression. It appears that when faced with a potential cancer diagnosis, distress levels are based on personality and self-evaluation of whether one has the resources to adapt to life with cancer. Distress screening protocols need to be routinely included in diagnostic radiology appointments. Nurses should implement interventions focusing on providing information, facilitating communication, and offering psychosocial support.
authors.affiliation: 1Kent State University Tuscarawas, New Philadelphia, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Mariann M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Harding
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; breast biopsy; distress; oncologic nursing; patient navigation