title: Utilizing two-dimensional ultrasound to develop normative curves for estimated placental volume.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to use two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) during routine prenatal surveillance to develop normative estimated placental volume (EPV) growth curves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients ≥ 18 years old with singleton pregnancies were prospectively followed from 11 weeks gestational age (GA) until delivery. At routine US visits, placental width, height, and thickness were measured and EPV calculated using a validated mathematical model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 423 patients were scanned between 9.7 and 39.3 weeks GA to generate a total of 627 EPV calculations. Readings were clustered at 12 and 20 weeks, times of routine scanning. The mean EPV was 73 ± 47 cc at 12.5 ± 1.5 weeks (n = 444) and 276 ± 106 cc at 20 ± 2 weeks (n = 151). The data best fit a parabolic function as follows: EPV = (0.384GA - 0.00366GA(2))(3). Tenth and 90th percentile lines were generated with ± 1.28 SE offset. EPV readings below the 10th or above the 90th percentiles tended to be associated with either small or large newborns, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine 2D US created EPV growth curves, which may be useful for stratifying patients into prenatal risk groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Kagan
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Arleo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Troiano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Raphaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Harvey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kliman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009929:Organ Size; D010920:Placenta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult