title: Chemical profiling and in vitro biological effects of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (Sapindaceae) aerial parts and seeds for applications in neurodegenerative disorders.
abstract: Cardiospermum halicacabum is widely used in traditional medicine. Previous studies have focused on the aerial parts, while the seeds have been poorly investigated. This work aimed to analyse the chemical composition of extracts from aerial parts and seeds obtained using Naviglio and Soxhlet (PN, PS, and SN, SS, respectively), the inhibitory properties against tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and the antioxidant effects. PN total extract showed significant anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 value of 10.8 µg/mL). After partitioning with n-hexane, an HPLC method for analysing chemical constituents was established. Apigenin, luteolin, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside are the predominant constituents. SN n-hexane fraction was the most active inhibitor of BChE (IC50 of 57.9 µg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed fatty acids, including eicosanoic acid, methyl 11-eicosenoate and oleic acid, as the major constituents. These findings suggest the potentiality of both seeds and aerial parts of C. halicacabum in the treatment of neurological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , I-87036 Rende (CS) , Italy and.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menichini
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Losi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonesi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Monica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Loizzo
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tundis
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D029631:Sapindaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Antioxidant; GC-MS; HPLC; cholinesterase; seeds