title: Treatment for mild cognitive impairment: systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More people are presenting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), frequently a precursor to dementia, but we do not know how to reduce deterioration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of any intervention for MCI on cognitive, neuropsychiatric, functional, global outcomes, life quality or incident dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 41 studies fitting predetermined criteria, assessed validity using a checklist, calculated standardised outcomes and prioritised primary outcome findings in placebo-controlled studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strongest evidence was that cholinesterase inhibitors did not reduce incident dementia. Cognition improved in single trials of: a heterogeneous psychological group intervention over 6 months; piribedil, a dopamine agonist over 3 months; and donepezil over 48 weeks. Nicotine improved attention over 6 months. There was equivocal evidence that Huannao Yicong improved cognition and social functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no replicated evidence that any intervention was effective. Cholinesterase inhibitors and rofecoxib are ineffective in preventing dementia. Further good-quality RCTs are needed and preliminary evidence suggests these should include trials of psychological group interventions and piribedil.
authors.affiliation: Claudia Cooper, MRCPsych, PhD, Ryan Li, BSc, Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, UK; Constantine Lyketsos, MD, MHS, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Gill Livingston, FRCPsych, MD, Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyketsos
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Livingston
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000628:therapy*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010891:Piribedil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D014815:Vitamins; D009538:Nicotine; D010891:Piribedil