title: Neuropsychological impairment in early-onset hydrocephalus and epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep: A case report and literature review.
abstract: Epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep (CSWS) is often characterized by a severe cognitive and behavioral impairment. Symptomatic cases also include patients with an early-onset hydrocephalus, but in literature detailed neuropsychological data on these subjects are not available. We describe the results of serial cognitive assessments in a girl with shunted early-onset hydrocephalus, followed by partial epilepsy complicated with CSWS at 4 years 10 months, in which a dramatic cognitive and behavioral deterioration occurred few months after CSWS onset. Adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment improved both clinical and electroencephalogram picture, but an impairment of visual perception, visual-motor coordination and executive functions persisted after CSWS disappearance. We hypothesize, in this case, an involvement of right occipital-parietal lobe and prefrontal lobe.
authors.affiliation: Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna Italy ; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Annio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Posar
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parmeggiani
keywords: Choroid plexus papilloma; continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep; epilepsy; hydrocephalus; neuropsychological impairment