title: Unveiling abundance and distribution of planktonic Bacteria and Archaea in a polynya in Amundsen Sea, Antarctica.
abstract: Polynyas, areas of open water surrounded by sea ice, are sites of intense primary production and ecological hotspots in the Antarctic Ocean. This study determined the spatial variation in communities of prokaryotes in a polynya in the Amundsen Sea using 454 pyrosequencing technology, and the results were compared with biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The bacterial abundance was correlated with that of phytoplankton, Phaeocystis spp. and diatoms. A cluster analysis indicated that the bacterial communities in the surface waters of the polynya were distinct from those under the sea ice. Overall, two bacterial clades, Polaribacter (20-64%) and uncultivated Oceanospirillaceae (7-34%), dominated the surface water in the polynya while the Pelagibacter clade was abundant at all depths (7-42%). The archaeal communities were not as diverse as the bacterial communities in the polynya, and marine group I was dominant (> 80%). Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the oceanographic properties facilitated the development of distinct prokaryotic assemblages in the polynya. This analysis of the diversity and composition of the psychrophilic prokaryotes associated with high phytoplankton production provides new insights into the roles of prokaryotes in biogeochemical cycles in high-latitude polynyas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Geol
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Je
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Zhe-Xue
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Man-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: In-Tae
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: So-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Young-Nam
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rhee
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D019766:Genes, Archaeal; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D046448:Ice Cover; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D010933:Plankton / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S