title: Radiation testing of the AeroForm CO2-based breast tissue expander implant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue expanders are used in breast reconstruction after mastectomy to stretch the remaining tissue to create space for placement of permanent breast implants. The AeroForm™ Tissue Expander, developed by AirXpanders™ Inc., contains electronic components designed to activate the release of carbon dioxide from an internal reservoir to inflate the expander. Breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy and tissue expander/implant-based breast reconstruction may require radiation therapy at doses up to 50-60 Gy while the expander is in place. The ionizing radiation used in postmastectomy radiation therapy interacts with electronic components in medical implants, which may cause degradation in performance above certain levels. Most commercial electronic components used in medical devices, such as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor or bipolar integrated circuits can withstand radiation levels in the 50 Gy range without any performance degradation. Beyond this level, the performance may still be sufficient to guarantee functionality, but this needs to be confirmed at the system and electronic circuit level. We assessed the impact of radiation levels up to 75 Gy on 32 AeroForm™ Tissue Expanders (AirXpanders, Inc., Palo Alto, CA USA) and on the associated internal printed circuit assemblies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The electronics inside the AeroForm™ Tissue Expander implant continued to function properly after exposure to radiation levels up to 75 Gy, which is well above the maximum total dose level typically used in postmastectomy radiation therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard postmastectomy radiation therapy doses do not damage or affect the functionality of the AeroForm™ Tissue Expander.
authors.affiliation: AirXpanders, Inc, 1047 Elwell Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA. ahoffman@airxpanders.com.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rembert
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heitz
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D018427:Breast Implants; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008422:Materials Testing; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide