title: Cytotoxicity assessment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells on screen-printed graphene-carbon paste substrate.
abstract: Graphene is a novel carbon-based material widely studied in bio-electrochemical fields because of its high electrical conductivity and excellent electrocatalytic activity. However, its biological applications have been limited due to the lack of understanding of its compatibility with numerous biological entities. In this paper, cytoxicities of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (MDA cells) on carbon paste (CP) and graphene-carbon paste (GCP) substrates are assessed. GCP was prepared by mixing graphene powder into carbon paste with different graphene contents. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated from cell viability, cell adhesion, ROS production and fluorescence staining studies. Cell viability on GCP substrate was found to initially increase as graphene content increases from 0 to 2.5 wt% but then decrease as the content increases further. In addition, the viability decreases with time for all substrates. Similarly, graphene concentration affected the number of adherent cells in the same manner as the cell viability. Likewise, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by carbon substrate increased with time and decreased with small graphene inclusion, confirming that low graphene content led to lower cytotoxicity. Moreover, confluence of MDA cells on substrate evaluated using Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining was also found to be enhanced at low graphene concentration. Therefore, low-content graphene incorporation can effectively improve biocompatibility of carbon-based materials with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, enabling potential applications such as electrochemical electrode for cell study.
authors.affiliation: Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahon Yothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Waiwijit
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Buddhamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakorn Cahaisri, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kandhavivorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Buddhamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakorn Cahaisri, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oonkhanond
authors.affiliation: Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahon Yothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lomas
authors.affiliation: Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahon Yothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Phokaratkul
authors.affiliation: Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahon Yothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wisitsoraat
authors.affiliation: Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, 112 Thailand Science Park, Phahon Yothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. Electronic address: adisorn.tuantranont@nectec.or.th.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuantranont
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Carbon paste; Cytotoxicity; Electrochemical electrode; Graphene; Substrate