title: Effects of stroke rehabilitation on incidence of poststroke depression: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of rehabilitation intervention provided within the first 3 months after admission for stroke on the incidence of poststroke depression (diagnosed according to ICD-9-CM code 296, 309, or 311, or A-code A212 or A219).
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based cohort study examined medical claim data of a random sample of 1 million insured people registered in 2000 in Taiwan. Between 2000 and 2005, there were 7,677 patients admitted as first-time stroke patients. Of these, 1,285 (16.7%) received a rehabilitation regimen within the first 3 months of admission for stroke. The other 83.3% of patients (n = 6,482) belonged to the control group. All study subjects were followed to the end of 2009 to identify any ambulatory treatment for depression as the end point. The incidence density of poststroke depression was calculated assuming a Poisson process. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the relative risk of poststroke depression in relation to receipt of rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 10-year follow-up, 75 patients (5.8%) with rehabilitation and 566 controls (8.7%) developed poststroke depression, representing incidence densities of 11.3 and 18.5 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. After analyses were controlled for potential confounders, rehabilitation was found to significantly reduce the risk of poststroke depression, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.57 (95% CI, 0.45-0.73). The effect was greater for men (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.71), especially for elderly men (HR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.71), than for women (HR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47-1.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke rehabilitation intervention in the first 3 months after admission for stroke may significantly reduce the risk of poststroke depression. Although this beneficial effect appears to be greater for men than for women, clinicians should also be alert for poststroke depression occurring in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.
authors.forename: Wen-Hsuan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Huey-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Ching-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chieh-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013624:Taiwan