title: Effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy techniques on postoperative pain: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimally invasive surgical technics have benefits such as decreased pain, reduced surgical trauma, and increased potential to perform as day case surgery, and cost benefit. The primary aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled study was to compare the effects of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) procedures regarding postoperative pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Patients were randomized to either SILC or CLC. Patient characteristics, postoperative abdominal and shoulder pain scores, rescue analgesic use, and intraoperative and early postoperative complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 83 patients completed the study. Patient characteristics, postoperative abdominal and shoulder pain scores and rescue analgesic requirement were similar between each group except with the lower abdominal pain score in CLC group at 30th minute (P = 0.04). Wound infection was seen in 1 patient in each group. Nausea occurred in 13 of 43 patients (30%) in the SILC group and 8 of 40 patients (20%) in the CLC group (P > 0.05). Despite ondansetron treatment, 6 patients in SILC group and 7 patients in CLC group vomited (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, SILC or CLC techniques does not influence the postoperative pain and analgesic medication requirements. Our results also suggest that all laparoscopy patients suffer moderate and/or severe abdominal pain and nearly half of these patients also suffer from some form of shoulder pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Husnu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alptekin
authors.forename: Akın
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calisir
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahin
keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Postoperative pain