title: Mapping of an ultrasonic bath for ultrasound assisted extraction of mangiferin from Mangifera indica leaves.
abstract: The present work deals with the mapping of an ultrasonic bath for the maximum extraction of mangiferin from Mangifera indica leaves. I3(-) liberation experiments (chemical transformations) and extraction (physical transformations) were carried out at different locations in an ultrasonic bath and compared. The experimental findings indicated a similar trend in variation in an ultrasonic bath by both these methods. Various parameters such as position and depth of vessel in an ultrasonic bath, diameter and shape of a vessel, frequency and input power which affect the extraction yield have been studied in detail. Maximum yield of mangiferin obtained was approximately 31 mg/g at optimized parameters: distance of 2.54 cm above the bottom of the bath, 7 cm diameter of vessel, flat bottom vessel, 6.35 cm liquid height, 122 W input power and 25 kHz frequency. The present work indicates that the position and depth of vessel in an ultrasonic bath, diameter and shape of a vessel, frequency and input power have significant effect on the extraction yield. This work can be used as a base for all ultrasonic baths to obtain maximum efficiency for ultrasound assisted extraction.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
authors.forename: Vrushali M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Virendra K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Rathod
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D014159:Transducers; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D044004:Xanthones / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D044004:Xanthones; C013592:mangiferin
keywords: Extraction; Mangiferin; Mapping; Natural products; Ultrasonic bath