title: A retrospective study of prostate cancer cases mimicking urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate cancer (PCa) originating from the prostate base may intrude into the urinary bladder and may be misdiagnosed as bladder cancer. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinic data on PCa cases which were initially misdiagnosed as bladder cancer in order to identify diagnostic methods that would allow a better differential diagnosis for PCa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of a total of 455 patients treated for PCa at our hospital between April 2003 and June 2011, 14 patients (3.1%) had been initially misdiagnosed as urinary bladder urothelial cell carcinoma. The clinical data on these 14 cases was retrieved and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 14 patients, 11 patients were eventually diagnosed with PCa after MRI examination, and seven out of these had PCa with bladder neck invasion. Prostate needle biopsy or transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) revealed that all 14 patients had adenocarcinoma of prostate with Gleason scores ranging from 7 to 9. Nine patients received TURP for hematuria or lower urinary tract blockage. The mean follow-up was 37 months, during which six patients survived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As clinical presentation and in emergency settings, prostate cancer originating from the prostate base can be confused with bladder cancer originating from the neck or the triangle region of the urinary bladder. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and digital rectal examination, in combination with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), MRI, and prostate needle biopsy are valuable tools for definitive differential diagnosis of the basal prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Urology & Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China. xuyongtianjin1955@126.com.
authors.forename: Ranlu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019459:Urothelium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes