title: Femtosecond laser-patterned nanopore arrays for surface-mediated peptide treatment.
abstract: The major goal of this study was to create easy-to-use, reusable substrates capable of storing any peptides or bioactive molecules for a desired period of time until cells uptake them without the need for bioactive molecule or peptide-specific techniques. Nanopore arrays of uniform size and distribution were machined into fused silica substrates using femtosecond laser ablation and loaded with peptides by simple adsorption. The nanopore substrates were validated by examining the effect of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) loaded nanopores on macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with and without the pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results demonstrated that nanopores were generated in a uniform array fashion. Ac-SDKP peptides were stably stored in nanopores and internalized by macrophages. Significant reductions in ROS production and phagocytosis in macrophages were observed over control substrates, even in combination with LPS stimulation, indicating that loading Ac-SDKP peptides in pores significantly improved the anti-inflammatory effects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This team of scientists intended to create easy-to-use, reusable substrates for storing peptides or bioactive molecules for a desired period of time before cellular uptake occurs, and without the need for bioactive molecule or peptide-specific techniques. They demonstrate the successful generation of nanopores in a uniform array that stably stores Ac-SDKP peptides in the nanopores. When peptides were internalized by macrophages, significant reductions in ROS production and phagocytosis were observed, indicating improved anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: angela.l.zachman@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zachman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: lucas.h.hofmeister@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Lucas H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Hofmeister
authors.affiliation: Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN, USA. Electronic address: lcosta@utsi.edu.
authors.forename: Lino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: timothy.c.boire@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Boire
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: yshwang@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yu-Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN, USA. Electronic address: hof@utsi.edu.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hofmeister
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: hak-joon.sung@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Hak-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D058608:Nanopores; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010455:Peptides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Ac-SDKP; Anti-inflammation; Cellular uptake; Nanopore