title: The application of quality risk management to the bacterial endotoxins test: use of hazard analysis and critical control points.
abstract: Risk analysis is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to manage production processes, validation activities, training, and other activities. Several methods of risk analysis are available (for example, failure mode and effects analysis, fault tree analysis), and one or more should be chosen and adapted to the specific field where they will be applied. Among the methods available, hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) is a methodology that has been applied since the 1960s, and whose areas of application have expanded over time from food to the pharmaceutical industry. It can be easily and successfully applied to several processes because its main feature is the identification, assessment, and control of hazards. It can be also integrated with other tools, such as fishbone diagram and flowcharting. The aim of this article is to show how HACCP can be used to manage an analytical process, propose how to conduct the necessary steps, and provide data templates necessary to document and useful to follow current good manufacturing practices.
  In the quality control process, risk analysis is a useful tool for enhancing the uniformity of technical choices and their documented rationale. Accordingly, it allows for more effective and economical laboratory management, is capable of increasing the reliability of analytical results, and enables auditors and authorities to better understand choices that have been made. The aim of this article is to show how hazard analysis and critical control points can be used to manage bacterial endotoxins testing and other analytical processes in a formal, clear, and detailed manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;
authors.forename: Carducci
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Annalaura
authors.forename: Davini
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giulia
authors.forename: Ceccanti
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefano
mesh_terms: D004731:Endotoxins; D005506:Food Contamination; D064088:Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012308:Risk Management
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins
keywords: Bacterial endotoxins test; HACCP; Risk analysis