title: Co-transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells and cord blood cells in treatment of diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stem cells provide a promising source for treatment of type 1 diabetes, but the treatment strategy and mechanism remain unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate whether co-transplantation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) and cord blood mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) could reverse hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetic mice and to determine the appropriate ratio for co-transplantation. The treatment mechanism was also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simple and efficient isolation method was developed to generate qualified UC-MSCs. UC-MSCs and CB-MNCs were then transplanted into type 1 diabetic mice at different ratios (UC-MSCs to CB-MNCs = 1:1, 1:4, 1:10) to observe the change in blood glucose concentration. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and human Alu polymerase chain reaction assay were performed to evaluate for the presence of donor-derived cells and the repair of endogenous islets. We also induced UC-MSCs into islet-like cells under specific culture conditions to determine their differentiate potential in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-transplantation of UC-MSCs and CB-MNCs at a ratio of 1:4 effectively reversed hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. The detection of human Alu sequence indicated that the engraftment of donor-derived cells had homed into the recipient's pancreas and kidney. Although neither human insulin nor human nuclei antigen was detected in the regenerated pancreas, UC-MSCs could differentiate into insulin-secreted cells in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-transplantation of UC-MSCs and CB-MNCs at a ratio of 1:4 could efficiently reverse hyperglycemia and repair pancreatic tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Stem Cell, Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jinpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guangxiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lamei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D020087:Alu Elements / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000628:therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000637:transplantation; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D012038:Regeneration
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: cord blood; diabetes; mesenchymal stromal cells; pancreatic regeneration