title: Innovative Troxler-free measurement of macular pigment and lens density with correction of the former for the aging lens.
abstract: Simplified measurement of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is important because of the ocular health benefits that are attributed to these retinal carotenoids. Here, we describe a novel instrument designed for this purpose, based on heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP), which removes a number of difficulties that subjects often experience with traditional HFP. The instrument generates 1.5- and 15-deg diameter, centrally viewed stimuli that alternate between blue and green colors generated by light emitting diodes (LED). The 15 deg stimulus replaces the small, eccentrically viewed stimulus used in traditional HFP. Subjects adjust the blue LED intensity until flicker is eliminated in the case of the 1.5 deg stimulus and eliminated around the periphery in the case of the 15 deg stimulus. A microprocessor computes the subject's MPOD, in addition to the lens OD, and uses the latter to correct the MPOD. Good repeatability was confirmed through test-retest measurements on 52 subjects. The overwhelming majority of them stated that they found the test easy. The importance of the lens correction on MPOD measurements was confirmed in a simulation study. The study showed that, without the correction, MPOD would show an apparent age-related decline in a population for whom there was no real age dependence.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bone
authors.forename: Anirbaan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry*; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000737:chemistry*; D008875:Middle Aged; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010783:Photometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results