title: Acute normovolemic hemodilution effects on perioperative coagulation in elderly patients undergoing hepatic carcinectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been widely used to prevent the massive blood loss during hepatic carcinoma. The influences of ANH on coagulation function are still controversy, especially in elderly patients. The study observed ANH effects on coagulation function and fibrinolysis in elderly patients undergoing the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty elderly patients (aged 60-70 yr) with liver cancer (ASA I or II) taken hepatic carcinectomy from February 2007 to February 2008 were randomly divided into ANH group (n=15) and control group (n=15). After tracheal intubation, patients in ANH group and control group were infused with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) and Ringer's solution, respectively. Blood samples were drawn from patients in both groups at five different time points: before anesthesia induction (T1), 30 min after ANH (T2), 1 h after start of operation (T3), immediately after operation (T4), and 24 h after operation (T5). Then coagulation function, soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC), prothrombin fragment (F1+2), and platelet membrane glycoprotein (CD62P and activated GP IIb/GP IIIa) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The perioperative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion were recorded during the surgery. The perioperative blood loss was not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05), but the volume of allogeneic blood transfusion in ANH group was significantly less than in control group (350.0±70.7) mL vs. (457.0±181.3) mL (p<0.01). Compared with the data of T1, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) measured after T3 were significantly longer (p<0.05) in both groups, but within normal range. There were no significant changes of thrombin time (TT) and D-dimer between two groups at different time points (p>0.05). SFMC and F1+2 increased in both groups, but were not statistically significant. PAC-1-positive cells and CD62P expressions in patients of ANH group were significantly lower than those at T1 (p<0.05) and T2-T5 (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANH has no obvious impact on fibrinolysis and coagulation function in elderly patients undergoing resection of liver cancer. The study suggested that ANH is safe to use in elderly patients and it could reduce allogeneic blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China E-mail : jrgmail@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xiao-Ju
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yi-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hua-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis