title: Etiological agents of fungal endophthalmitis: diagnosis and management.
abstract: Endophthalmitis caused by fungi is commonly diagnosed around the world in apparently healthy and immunocompromised individuals. An accurate clinical diagnosis for endophthalmitis confirmed by laboratory techniques is essential for early treatment with antifungal drugs, such as amphotericin B, imidazoles, and other antifungals. Here, we review endophthalmitis caused by fungi according to its classification into endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) and exogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EXFE). EFE is caused by endogenously acquired fungi, whereas the traumatic implantation of opportunistic fungal pathogens is the main feature of EXFE. We highlight the most important etiologies causing endophthalmitis and the steps required for a rapid diagnosis and management.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmologic Center of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.forename: Luiza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pôssa
authors.forename: Cirênio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Leonel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendoza
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents