title: Effect of incorporation of corn byproducts on quality of baked and extruded products from wheat flour and semolina.
abstract: The effect of blending level (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of corn bran, defatted germ and gluten with wheat flour on the physico-chemical properties (protein, crude fiber, phosphorus, iron and calcium), baking properties of bread, muffins and cookies, and extrusion properties of noodles and extruded snacks prepared from semolina were examined. Blending of wheat flour and corn byproducts significantly increased the protein, crude fiber, phosphorus, iron and calcium contents. Breads from gluten blends had higher loaf volume as compared to bran and germ breads. Among corn byproducts, gluten cookies were rated superior with respect to top grain. Muffins from germ blends and gluten blends had higher acceptability scores than the bran muffins. Blending of corn bran, defatted germ and gluten at 5 and 10% with wheat flour resulted in satisfactory bread, cookie, and muffin score. Quality of noodles was significantly influenced by addition of corn byproducts and their levels. Corn byproducts blending had significant influence on cooking time, however, gruel solid loss affected non-significantly in case of noodles. Expansion ratio and density of extruded snacks was affected non significantly by blending source and blending level. However, significant effect was observed on amperage, pressure, yield and overall acceptability of extruded snacks. Acceptable extruded products (noodles and extruded snacks) could be produced by blending corn byproducts with semolina upto 10% level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India.
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Jatinder Pal
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: H P S
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Nagi
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Bread; Cookies; Corn bran; Defatted germ; Extruded snacks; Gluten; Muffins; Noodles; Semolina; Wheat flour