title: The rabbit as an infection model for equine proliferative enteropathy.
abstract: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the susceptibility of rabbits to Lawsonia intracellularis obtained from a case of clinical equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE). This is a preliminary step toward developing a rabbit infection model for studying pathogenesis and therapy of EPE in horses. Nine does were equally assigned to 3 groups. Animals in 2 groups (Group 1 and Group 2) were orally inoculated with different doses of cell-cultured L. intracellularis. Controls (Group 3) were sham-inoculated. Feces and blood were collected before the rabbits were infected and at 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (DPI). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) and fecal samples were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A doe from each group was euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 DPI for collection and evaluation of intestinal samples. Tissues were stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) method and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with L. intracellularis-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. At 14 DPI, serologic responses were detected in both infected groups, which maintained high titers through to 21 DPI. Lawsonia intracellularis DNA was detected in the feces of Group 2 on 7 DPI and in both infected groups on 14 DPI. Gross lesions were apparent in Group 1 and Group 2 on 14 DPI. Immunohistochemistry confirmed L. intracellularis antigen within cells of rabbits in Group 1 and Group 2 on 7, 14, and 21 DPI. No lesions, serologic response, shedding, or IHC labeling were found in Group 3 rabbits. This study describes an EPE rabbit model that simulates natural infection, as typical lesions, immune response, and fecal shedding were present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (Sampieri, Antonopoulos, Ball, Dowling, Hamilton), Department of Veterinary Pathology (Allen), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA (Pusterla); Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (Vannucci, Gebhart); Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (Thompson).
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sampieri
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pusterla
authors.forename: Fabio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Vannucci
authors.forename: Aphroditi J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Antonopoulos
authors.forename: Katherine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Don L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Connie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gebhart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045824:Desulfovibrionaceae Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D004751:Enteritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D006736:Horses; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D007583:Jejunum / Q000473:pathology; D020639:Lawsonia Bacteria; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011817:Rabbits