title: TFAP2B -dietary protein and glycemic index interactions and weight maintenance after weight loss in the DiOGenes trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TFAP2B rs987237 is associated with obesity and has shown interaction with the dietary fat-to-carbohydrate ratio, which has an effect on weight loss. We investigated interactions between rs987237 and protein-to-carbohydrate ratio or glycemic index (GI) in relation to weight maintenance after weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 742 obese individuals from 8 European countries who participated in the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) trial, lost ≥ 8% of their initial body weight during an 8-week low-calorie diet and were randomized to one of 5 ad libitum diets with a fixed energy percentage from fat: either low-protein/low-GI, low-protein/high-GI, high-protein/low-GI, or high-protein/high-GI diets, or a control diet for a 6-month weight maintenance period. Using linear regression analyses and additive genetic models, we investigated main and dietary interaction effects of TFAP2B rs987237 in relation to weight maintenance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 468 completers of the trial were genotyped for rs987237. High-protein diets were beneficial for weight maintenance in the AA genotype group (67% of participants), but in the AG and GG groups no differences were observed for low- or high-protein diets. On the high-protein diet, carriers of the obesity risk allele (G allele) regained 1.84 kg (95% CI: 0.02; 3.67, p = 0.047) more body weight per risk allele than individuals on a low-protein diet. There was no interaction effect between rs987237 and GI on weight maintenance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TFAP2B rs987237 and dietary protein/carbohydrate interacted to modify weight maintenance. Considering the carbohydrate proportion of the diet, the interaction was different from the previously reported rs987237-fat-to-carbohydrate ratio interaction for weight loss. Thus, TFAP2B-macronutrient interactions might diverge depending on the nutritional state.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ängquist
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charon
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: Thorkild I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Lesli H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2