title: Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) triggers inflammatory responses in hemorrhagic shock and sepsis.
abstract: A systemic inflammatory response is observed in patients undergoing hemorrhagic shock and sepsis. Here we report increased levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in the blood of individuals admitted to the surgical intensive care unit with hemorrhagic shock. In animal models of hemorrhage and sepsis, CIRP is upregulated in the heart and liver and released into the circulation. In macrophages under hypoxic stress, CIRP translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol and is released. Recombinant CIRP stimulates the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and HMGB1 from macrophages and induces inflammatory responses and causes tissue injury when injected in vivo. Hemorrhage-induced TNF-α and HMGB1 release and lethality were reduced in CIRP-deficient mice. Blockade of CIRP using antisera to CIRP attenuated inflammatory cytokine release and mortality after hemorrhage and sepsis. The activity of extracellular CIRP is mediated through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated that CIRP binds to the TLR4-MD2 complex, as well as to TLR4 and MD2 individually. In particular, human CIRP amino acid residues 106-125 bind to MD2 with high affinity. Thus, CIRP is a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule that promotes inflammatory responses in shock and sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Weng-Lang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rongqian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuncewitch
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Youxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicastro
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Gene F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Coppa
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tracey
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002460:Cell Line; D057773:Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008875:Middle Aged; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; C491390:CIRBP protein, human; C106176:Cirbp protein, mouse; C585827:Cirbp protein, rat; D057773:Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4