title: Text-to-speech technology effects on reading rate and comprehension by adults with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's purpose was to examine the comprehension, rate and perceptions and reading preferences of adults with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) when reading passages with and without computerized text-to-speech (TTS) support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine adults with severe TBI read 24 passages in two conditions: with and without TTS support. The researchers compared reading rate and comprehension accuracy across conditions. Also, participants rated their perceived performance and reading preferences via a follow-up questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison to normative data revealed that all nine participants read slower than average neurotypical readers. As a group, participants read significantly faster with TTS support than without such support, even though the TTS reading rate was roughly comparable to the oral rather than silent reading rate of neurotypical adults. No significant differences in comprehension resulted between the two conditions. Over half of the participants preferred the TTS condition over the no-TTS condition. In general, participants were inaccurate in judging their relative reading rates and comprehension accuracy across conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTS may improve reading efficiency without compromising reading comprehension accuracy for adults with TBI. Given this finding, some survivors may find use of TTS technology contributes to increased participation in and efficiency when performing reading activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE , USA and.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hux
authors.forename: Nikki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jeffry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Snell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D032882:Comprehension; D004495:Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011932:Reading; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D049250:Speech Recognition Software; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology