title: Effects of four antitussives on airway neurogenic inflammation in a guinea pig model of chronic cough induced by cigarette smoke exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of four antitussives, including codeine phosphate (CP), moguisteine, levodropropizine (LVDP) and naringin, on airway neurogenic inflammation and enhanced cough were investigated in guinea pig model of chronic cough.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guinea pigs were exposed to CS for 8 weeks. At the 7th and 8th week, the animals were treated with vehicle, CP (4.8 mg/kg), moguisteine (24 mg/kg), LVDP (14 mg/kg) and naringin (18.4 mg/kg) respectively. Then the cough and the time-enhanced pause area under the curve (Penh-AUC) during capsaicin challenge were recorded. The substance P (SP) content, NK-1 receptor expression and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity in lung were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic CS exposure induced a bi-phase time course of cough responsiveness to capsaicin. Eight weeks of CS exposure significantly enhanced the airway neurogenic inflammation and cough response in guinea pigs. Two weeks of treatment with CP, moguisteine, LVDP or naringin effectively attenuated the chronic CS-exposure enhanced cough. Only naringin exerted significant effect on inhibiting Penh-AUC, SP content and NK-1 receptor expression, as well as preventing the declining of NEP activity in lung.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic CS-exposed guinea pig is suitable for studying chronic pathological cough, in which naringin is effective on inhibiting both airway neurogenic inflammation and enhanced cough.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.135, Xingangxi Street, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China, luo.yulong@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Yu-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Pei-bo
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chen-chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Ke-jian
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002211:Capsaicin; D003061:Codeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000378:metabolism; D020078:Neurogenic Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D044950:Flavanones; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D012906:Smoke; D053778:Thiazolidines; D013373:Substance P; C087933:moguisteine; D015260:Neprilysin; C005274:naringin; D002211:Capsaicin; C035916:dipropizine; D003061:Codeine