title: Polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes, intakes of heterocyclic amines and red meat, and postmenopausal breast cancer.
abstract: Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic compounds generated when meats are cooked at high temperature and for long duration. The findings from previous studies on the relation between HCAs and breast cancer are inconsistent, possibly because of genetic variations in the enzymes metabolizing HCAs. To evaluate whether the associations of intakes of estimated HCAs, meat-derived mutagenicity (MDM), and red meat with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer were modified by N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) acetylator genotype or cytochrome P450 1A2-164 A/C (CYP1A2) polymorphism, we conducted a nested case-control study with 579 cases and 981 controls within a prospective cohort, the Nurses' Health Study. HCAs and MDM intakes were derived using a cooking method questionnaire administered in 1996. NAT2acetylator genotype, the CYP1A2 polymorphism, and intakes of HCAs, MDM, and red meat were not associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. There was also no interaction between NAT2 acetylator genotype or CYP1A2 polymorphism and HCAs and MDM and red meat intake in relation to breast cancer. These results do not support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic enzymes involved in the metabolism of HCAs may modify the associations between intakes of red meat or meat-related mutagens and breast cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: a Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.
authors.forename: Hae-Jeung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hankinson
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Eunyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism*; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013696:Temperature; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D009153:Mutagens; D015262:Xenobiotics; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human