title: Diagnosis and management of pituitary abscess: a case series and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pituitary abscess is a disorder characterized with central nervous system (CNS) infection, mass effect, and endocrine dysfunction. These abscesses generally occur due to hematogenous spread in conditions such as paranasal sinusitis, sepsis, and where the blood brain barrier breaks down. This paper aims to discuss four cases of preoperatively diagnosed pituitary abscess in the light of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following detailed clinical and hormonal examinations and imaging tests, 210 cases of pituitary adenoma and other sellar pathologies were operated on at the Neurosurgery clinic of Göztepe Training and Research Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients showed fever, systemic signs of toxemia and endocrine dysfunction at the time of diagnosis. In these cases, a preoperative diagnosis of the disease was made thanks to characteristic MRI findings. The four cases were operated by the transnasal transsphenoidal approach and histopathological and microbiological studies were performed for surgical specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pituitary abscesses are rare disorders responsible for a high mortality risk. Mortality and morbidity can be reduced by early surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotic treatments. Additionally, these cases should be closely followed-up in terms of pituitary insufficiency, surgical complications and infection.
authors.affiliation: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Antakya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altas
authors.forename: Alpay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serefhan
authors.forename: Gokalp
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silav
authors.forename: Ajlan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerci
authors.forename: Kerim Kenan
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elmaci
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology; D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology; D004322:Drainage; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D015878:Mydriasis / Q000209:etiology; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin