title: Optimization of extraction of phenolics from leaves of Ficus virens.
abstract: In this research, the conditions for extraction of phenolics from leaves of Ficus virens were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction abilities of phenolics (EAP) and flavonoids (EAF), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pierylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging potential, and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were used as quality indicators. The results of single-factor experiments showed that temperature, ethanol concentration, extraction time, and the number of extraction cycles were the main influencing variables, and these provided key information for the central composite design. The results of RSM fitted well to a second degree polynomial model and more than 98% of the variability was explained. The ideal extraction conditions for EAP, EAF, DPPH free-radical scavenging potential, and FRAP were obtained. Considering the four quality indicators overall, the ideal extraction conditions were 58% ethanol at 57 °C for 37 min with three extraction cycles. At the ideal extraction conditions, the values of EAP, EAF, DPPH free-radical scavenging potential, and FRAP were 5.72%, 3.09%, 58.88 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g dry weight (DW), and 15.86 mg AAE/g DW, respectively. In addition, linear correlations were observed between EAP, EAF, and antioxidant potential.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei-ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Hui-ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Han-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qing-xi
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl