title: Role of indacaterol and the newer very long-acting β2-agonists in patients with stable COPD: a review.
abstract: Bronchodilators are central drugs in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Indacaterol was the first agent of the novel family of very long-acting β2-agonists to be used as an inhaled bronchodilator for COPD and provides 24-hour therapeutic action, thus allowing once-daily administration. Data from clinical trials show that indacaterol has a bronchodilator effect similar to that of the anticholinergic tiotropium bromide and slightly higher efficacy compared with the long-acting β2-agonists, salmeterol and formoterol. Moreover, the safety profile is excellent and comparable with that of placebo. Concerning adherence with drug treatment and real-life management in respect to long-acting β2-agonists, once-daily dosing makes indacaterol more convenient for COPD patients and is likely to enhance patient adherence. Other very long-acting β2-agonists currently in development include vilanterol, olodaterol, and carmoterol, and these have shown good characteristics for clinical use in the studies reported thus far.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma. erminia.ridolo@unipr.it
authors.forename: Erminia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ridolo
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montagni
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: Gian Galeazzo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Riario-Sforza
authors.forename: Cristoforo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Incorvaia
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055118:Medication Adherence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D007189:Indans; D015363:Quinolones; C510790:indacaterol
keywords: bronchodilators; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; very long-acting β2-agonists