title: Effective piezoelectric response of substrate-integrated ZnO nanowire array devices on galvanized steel.
abstract: Harvesting waste energy through electromechanical coupling in practical devices requires combining device design with the development of synthetic strategies for large-area controlled fabrication of active piezoelectric materials. Here, we show a facile route to the large-area fabrication of ZnO nanostructured arrays using commodity galvanized steel as the Zn precursor as well as the substrate. The ZnO nanowires are further integrated within a device construct and the effective piezoelectric response is deduced based on a novel experimental approach involving induction of stress in the nanowires through pressure wave propagation along with phase-selective lock-in detection of the induced current. The robust methodology for measurement of the effective piezoelectric coefficient developed here allows for interrogation of piezoelectric functionality for the entire substrate under bending-type deformation of the ZnO nanowires.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States.
authors.forename: By Jesus M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Velazquez
authors.forename: Sivapalan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baskaran
authors.forename: Anil V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gaikwad
authors.forename: Tam-Triet
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ngo-Duc
authors.forename: Xiangtong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Oye
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyyappan
authors.forename: Tapan K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rout
authors.forename: John Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Sarbajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D053770:Nanowires / Q000737:chemistry*; D013232:Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013232:Steel; D015034:Zinc Oxide