title: The prediction of blood-tissue partitions, water-skin partitions and skin permeation for agrochemicals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is considerable interest in the blood-tissue distribution of agrochemicals, and a number of researchers have developed experimental methods for in vitro distribution. These methods involve the determination of saline-blood and saline-tissue partitions; not only are they indirect, but they do not yield the required in vivo distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors set out equations for gas-tissue and blood-tissue distribution, for partition from water into skin and for permeation from water through human skin. Together with Abraham descriptors for the agrochemicals, these equations can be used to predict values for all of these processes. The present predictions compare favourably with experimental in vivo blood-tissue distribution where available. The predictions require no more than simple arithmetic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present method represents a much easier and much more economic way of estimating blood-tissue partitions than the method that uses saline-blood and saline-tissue partitions. It has the added advantages of yielding the required in vivo partitions and being easily extended to the prediction of partition of agrochemicals from water into skin and permeation from water through skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Joelle M R
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gola
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Acree
authors.forename: Xiangli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010575:Pesticides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Abraham descriptors; LFER; air-tissue partition; blood-tissue partition; water-skin partition: skin permeation