title: Melanotic pathology and vertical transmission of the gut commensal Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The resident gut flora is known to have significant impacts on the life history of the host organism. Endosymbiotic bacterial species in the Anopheles mosquito gut are potent modulators of sexual development of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, and thus proposed as potential control agents of malaria transmission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report a melanotic pathology in the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, caused by the dominant mosquito endosymbiont Elizabethkingiameningoseptica. Transfer of melanised tissues into the haemolymph of healthy adult mosquitoes or direct haemolymph inoculation with isolated E. meningoseptica bacteria were the only means for transmission and de novo formation of melanotic lesions, specifically in the fat body tissues of recipient individuals. We show that E. meningoseptica can be vertically transmitted from eggs to larvae and that E. meningoseptica-mono-associated mosquitoes display significant mortality, which is further enhanced upon Plasmodium infection, suggesting a synergistic impact of E. meningoseptica and Plasmodium on mosquito survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high pathogenicity and permanent association of E. meningoseptica with An. Gambiae through vertical transmission constitute attractive characteristics towards the potential design of novel mosquito/malaria biocontrol strategies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Idir G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Akhouayri
authors.forename: Tibebu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habtewold
authors.forename: Georges K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Christophides
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005216:Fat Body / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D013559:Symbiosis; D015053:Zygote / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins