title: Differences in Clinical Manifestations of Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection between HIV-1 Subtypes in African Women.
abstract: Little is known about the differences in clinical manifestations between women with various HIV-1 subtypes during acute (AI) and early (EI) HIV infection. In a longitudinal cohort study, clinical signs and symptoms among Uganda and Zimbabwe women with AI and EI were compared with HIV-negative controls; symptoms were assessed quarterly for 15 to 24 months. Early HIV infection was defined as the first visit during which a woman tested HIV antibody positive. Women who were HIV negative serologically but DNA polymerase chain reaction positive were considered AI. In all, 26 women were classified AI and 192 EI, with 654 HIV-negative controls. Primary HIV infection (AI and EI) was associated with unexplained fever (P <.01), weight loss (P <.01), fatigue (P <.01), inguinal adenopathy (P <.01), and cervical friability (P =.01). More women with subtype C infection had unexplained fever, fatigue, and abnormal vaginal discharge compared to subtype A or D infection. Inguinal adenopathy occurred less often in women with subtype A infection than those with subtype C or D infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA tracy.lemonovich@uhhospitals.org.
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lemonovich
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: Tsungai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chipato
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Immaculate
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nankya
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Salata
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000821:virology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies
keywords: HIV-1 subtype; STDs; acute HIV infection; clinical manifestations; women