title: Effect of an educational intervention on HPV knowledge and vaccine attitudes among urban employed women and female undergraduate students in China: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the potential of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for decreasing cervical cancer rates in Mainland China, where some of the highest incidences in the world have been reported, our study aimed to assess HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, and to evaluate the effect of a brief educational intervention on HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability in Chinese undergraduate students and employed women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted across five representative cities of the five main geographical regions of Mainland China. Participants were selected from one comprehensive university and three to four companies in each city for a total of six comprehensive universities and 16 companies. A 62-item questionnaire on HPV knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability was administered to participants before and after an educational intervention. The intervention consisted of an informative group lecture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1146 employed women and 557 female undergraduate students were surveyed between August and November 2011. Baseline HPV knowledge was low among both groups--320/1146 (28%) of employed women and 66/557 (12%) of students had heard of HPV, while only 237/1146 (21%) of employed women and 40/557 (7.2%) of students knew that HPV is related to cervical cancer. After educational instruction, 947/1061 (89%) of employed women and 193/325 (59%) of students knew the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer (χ2 = 1041.8, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 278.5, p < 0.001, respectively). Post-intervention, vaccine acceptability increased from 881/1146 (77%) to 953/1061 (90%), (p = <0.001) in employed women and 405/557 (73%) in students to 266/325 (82%), (p < 0.001). Women in both groups cited concerns about the HPV vaccine's safety, efficacy, and limited use to date as reasons for being unwilling to receive vaccination. 502/1146 (44%) of women were willing to vaccinate their children at baseline, which increased to 857/1061 (81%) post-intervention, p < 0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incorporation of our lecture-based education initiative into a government-sponsored or school-based program may improve HPV-related knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability. Further studies are needed to evaluate and standardize HPV education programs in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P,R, China. zhaofangh@cicams.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Irene J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Shao-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shao-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fang-Hui
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: You-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D014505:Urban Population; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination; D014930:Women; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines