title: Preparation of concentrated stable fenofibrate suspensions via liquid antisolvent precipitation.
abstract: A major challenge in achieving size stability for relatively high concentration of fine particles from poorly water-soluble drug fenofibrate (FNB) is addressed through T-mixing based liquid antisolvent precipitation in the presence of ultrasonication and judicious use of stabilizers. Multiple stabilizers were screened in a batch mode prior to their continuous formation via T-mixing. In both cases, the stable suspensions maintained their size after 2 days of storage at room temperature, with the smallest particle size of d50: ∼1.2 µm was achieved through a combination of HPMC with SDS or PF-68. The influence of processing parameters, such as sonication energy, sonication probe insert depth and solvent/antisolvent flow rate, on the particle size distribution (PSD) in T-mixing were investigated, to identify optimum processing conditions. Optimal operating and formulation conditions also allowed increase in the drug loading from 0.32% to 4% (w/v), while keeping the median size 2.5 µm. Interestingly, the primary particles observed in the SEM were spherical and under 100 nm in diameter, indicating agglomeration. It was shown that the stabilized particles could be centrifuged and did not show size growth upon resuspension, allowing for increase in the drug loading up to 27% (w/v), which is a significant novel outcome.
authors.affiliation: Otto H. York, Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Azad
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knieke
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davé
mesh_terms: D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D012997:Solvents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D013535:Suspensions; D011345:Fenofibrate
keywords: Drug loading; LASP; T-mixer; fenofibrate; nanoparticles; stabilization