title: Biological therapies for the treatment of cutaneous wounds: phase III and launched therapies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Normal wound healing mechanisms can be overwhelmed in the setting of complex acute and chronic tissue injury. Biological therapies are designed to augment and/or restore the body's natural wound healing abilities. There are a variety of available and emerging technologies utilizing this approach that have demonstrated the ability to augment wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review, the clinical data on launched and emerging biological therapies for wound healing applications are summarized. The methodologies discussed include biological skin equivalents, growth factors/small molecules and stem cell-based therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While many products possess convincing clinical data demonstrating their efficacy in comparison to standard treatment options, more robust, controlled studies are needed to determine the relative value among established and emerging biological therapies. Future bioengineering and stem cell-based approaches are of particular interest due to the simultaneous correction of multiple deficiencies present in the nonhealing wound.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK106, Stanford, CA 94305 5148 , USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rennert
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duscher
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zeshaan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Maan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorkin
authors.forename: Geoffrey C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gurtner
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Longaker
mesh_terms: D043924:Angiogenesis Modulating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001691:Biological Therapy; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012038:Regeneration; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries*; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D058106:Wound Closure Techniques; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D043924:Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins