title: DiaPep277® and immune intervention for treatment of type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic immune-mediated disease resulting in destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Several studies have been performed aiming to halt disease progression after diagnosis; to reduce the increased diabetes risk in islet-autoantibody positive subjects; and to prevent the onset of β-cell autoimmunity in subjects genetically at risk but without autoantibodies. Whereas secondary prevention trials failed, trials in newly diagnosed patients have shown partial success in preserving C-peptide. These studies target T-cells and inflammation and make use of antigen-specific immune modulation or stem cell approaches. However, thus far no immune-based therapeutic regimen has cured type 1 diabetes after its clinical onset or has stabilized the decline of C-peptide to achieve the status of an approved drug. This review summarizes immune intervention trials and the current knowledge of DiaPep277® peptide as a form of immune intervention in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: schloot@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Nanette C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Schloot
authors.forename: Irun R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D002096:C-Peptide; D018834:Chaperonin 60; C447781:DiaPep 277; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments
keywords: C-peptide; Immunotherapy; T cells; Type 1 diabetes