title: Optimal conditions for "heat-conduct effect" in liver tissue during radiofrequency ablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to optimize the "heat-conduct effect" to increase the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of liver tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  To simulate the "heat-conduct effect" caused by RFA, isolated pig livers were heated by an inserted metal tube through which water with different incoming temperatures was passed. The tissue temperature was measured within 5- and 10-mm radiuses. Further, changes in color and morphology of the tissue were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using an incoming temperature of 70 °C, the effective ablation radius of 5 mm was achieved within 10 min. To expand the effective radius to 10 mm, the tube temperature needed to be maintained at above 80 °C for 40 min; alternatively, the tube temperature above 90 °C and heating time of 25 min were also sufficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To achieve the complete ablation in isolated liver within the 10 mm radius by "heat-conduct effect", the temperature of the heating center should be maintained above 80 - 90 °C with the exposure time of 25-40 min.
authors.affiliation: Institute and Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA Chinese PLA Medical School Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China - jiangk301@126.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D013997:Time Factors