title: Relationships between the intention to use guidelines, behaviour of insurance physicians and their determinants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the intention of a group of insurance physicians to use the guidelines for depression, and their behaviour in disability assessments. We considered attitude, social norm and self-efficacy, knowledge/skills and stimuli, based on the Attitude-Social norm-self-Efficacy model (ASE model) as possible determinants of both intention and behaviour.The aim of this study was to understand the determinants of insurance physicians' behaviour when they are expected to use guidelines in daily practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 42 insurance physicians participated in this study. Cross-sectional data were collected by means of a questionnaire based on the ASE model. We developed the questionnaire on the basis of literature and ascertained the content validity of it. Behaviour was made to comprise both "use of the guidelines" and "change in disability assessment behaviour" by the insurance physicians. Reliability analyses were performed to form additive scales of the ASE constructs. These scales were analysed with structural equations modelling (LISREL), by modifying a start model into a final model with a good fit, within theoretical constraints. In these analyses special attention was paid to the fact that the sample size was small.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most important determinants of the intention and the self-reported use of the guidelines, were: the influence of colleagues, the self-efficacy of the insurance physicians in their use of the guidelines, and the way the guidelines were implemented. The intention to use the guidelines for depression was not associated with the self-reported use of these guidelines, but there proved to be a faint, positive association with the self-reported change in assessment behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost all the insurance physicians in this study intended to use at least elements of the guidelines. Their intention, self reported use of the guidelines and self-reported change in assessment behaviour were explored with help of the ASE model. The model suggested relationships between intention, self reported use of the guidelines and self-reported change in assessment behaviour on the on the one hand and various determinants on the other hand. Be that as it may, we see opportunities to improve insurance physicians' guideline adherence by offering them a multifaceted training in which they learn to apply the guidelines for depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. f.zwerver@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Antonius J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schellart
authors.forename: Feico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zwerver
authors.forename: Johannes R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anema
authors.forename: Allard J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Beek
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires