title: Discharge of perfluorinated compounds from rivers and their influence on the coastal seas of Hyogo prefecture, Japan.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate 12 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including perfluorinated carboxylates (C4-C12) and perfluorinated alkyl sulfonates (C4, C6, and C8) in river and seawater samples to determine contamination levels in the aquatic environment of Hyogo prefecture, Japan. High levels of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA; 2300-16,000 ng/L) were detected in the Samondogawa River at Tatsumi Bridge downstream of a PFC production facility; this location also had the highest mass flow rate of PFCs (3900-29,000 kg/y). Widespread contamination of coastal waters was confirmed with PFHxA as the dominant compound. Perfluorooctanoic acid was also prevalent in coastal waters. The concentration of PFHxA in coastal seawater and the distance from the mouth of the Samondogawa River were inversely related. This discharge of high concentrations of PFHxA from the Samondogawa River may have affected concentrations of PFCs in Osaka Bay.
authors.affiliation: Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-27, Yukihira-cho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: takemine-s@hies-hyogo.jp.
authors.forename: Shusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemine
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Motoharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurukawa
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaishi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: LC/MS/MS; Mass flow rate; Perfluorinated compounds; River water; Seawater