title: Management of 1-2 cm renal stones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The preferred treatment of >1cm stone is shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), while that of stone <2 cm is percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), but treatment of 1-2 cm renal stones is a controversial issue. We searched the literature to present a comprehensive review on this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pubmed search of literature was done using the appropriate key words. We separately discussed the literature in lower polar and non lower polar stone groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For non lower polar renal stones of 1-2 cm, SWL is preferred approach, while for the lower polar stones; literature favors the use of PCNL. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is emerging as a promising technique for these calculi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of renal stone disease depends on stone and patient related, as well as on renal anatomical factors. Treatment should be individualized according to site of stone and available expertise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Aneesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Saurabh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chipde
keywords: 1-2 cm; percutaneous nephrolithotomy; renal stones; retrograde intrarenal surgery; shockwave lithotripsy