title: Inactivation of koi-herpesvirus in water using bacteria isolated from carp intestines and carp habitats.
abstract: Since its first outbreak in Japan in 2003, koi-herpesvirus (KHV) remains a challenge to the carp Cyprinus carpio L. breeding industry. In this study, inactivation of KHV in water from carp habitats (carp habitat water) was investigated with the aim of developing a model for rapidly inactivating the pathogen in aquaculture effluent. Experiments with live fish showed that, in carp habitat water, KHV lost its infectivity within 3 days. Indications were that inactivation of KHV was caused by the antagonistic activity of bacteria (anti-KHV bacteria) in the water from carp habitats. Carp habitat water and the intestinal contents of carp were therefore screened for anti-KHV bacteria. Of 581 bacterial isolates, 23 showed anti-KHV activity. An effluent treatment model for the disinfection of KHV in aquaculture effluent water using anti-KHV bacteria was developed and evaluated. The model showed a decrease in cumulative mortality and in the number of KHV genome copies in kidney tissue of fish injected with treated effluent compared with a positive control. It is thought that anti-KHV bacteria isolated from the intestinal contents of carp and from carp habitat water can be used to control KHV outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: R-K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimizu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D002347:Carps; D002460:Cell Line; D017753:Ecosystem; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D014871:Water Microbiology
keywords: Cyprinus carpio L; anti-KHV bacteria; koi-herpesvirus