title: Optimization of recovery patterns in common carp exposed to roundup using response surface methodology: evaluation of neurotoxicity and genotoxicity effects and biochemical parameters.
abstract: The present study is the first report on optimization of recovery conditions of fishes exposed to pesticides using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). The sub-lethal toxicity bioassay of Roundup® (2 ppm ~10 percent LC₅₀, 96 h) in common carp (1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 35 and 40 day) was investigated. After exposure for 16 days to Roundup®, some the fishes were introduced to herbicide-free water. The effects of four recovery parameters including time (5-25 d), temperature (18-26 °C), water exchange rate (WER, 10-30), and salinity (0-8 ppt) on the levels of biomarkers of genotoxicity (DNA damage), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE)), and the serum alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase in plasma were studied. The polynomial equations were significantly fitted for all response variables with high R² values (>0.95), which revealed no indication of lack of fit. The optimum conditions for the maximum AChE activity (37.14 nmol/min/mg protein) and the minimum levels of DNA damage (8.00 percent tail DNA), ALT (27.0 IU/L) and AST (91.0 IU/L) were time of 20 d, temperature of 20 °C, WER of 25 and water salinity of 6 ppt. Thus, a promising improvement for the recovery trend of fishes exposed to Roundup® stress was obtained under the optimized conditions using RSM-CCRD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31585-4314, Iran. Electronic address: sjalilgholamis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seyed Jalil
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gholami-Seyedkolaei
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirvaghefi
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farahmand
authors.forename: Ali Asghar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kosari
authors.forename: Seyed Jalal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gholami-Seyedkolaei
authors.forename: Seyed Jamal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gholami-Seyedkolaei
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002347:Carps / Q000097:blood*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Comet assay; Cyprinus carpio L; Herbicide; Recovery optimization; Response surface modeling