title: Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over cellulose-derived carbonaceous catalyst in ionic liquid.
abstract: Three environmental-benign and low-cost carbon-based solid acid catalysts containing -SO3H, -COOH and phenolic -OH groups were prepared and used for the conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl). The results demonstrated that cellulose-derived carbonaceous catalyst (CCC) possessed the highest catalytic activity, which resulted in 46.4% HMF yield at 160°C for only 15 min. In addition, the reaction kinetics for the conversion of glucose into HMF over CCC was fitted with the first-order rate equation. The slightly-deactivated CCC after four successive reaction runs could be easily regenerated by a simple carbonization and sulfonation process. More gratifyingly, the combination of CCC and [BMIM]Cl were confirmed to be suitable for converting other carbohydrates such as fructose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, starch and cellulose into HMF. Particularly, a plausible mechanism involving hydrolysis, isomerization and dehydration for the conversion of carbohydrates into HMF was also proposed.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China. Electronic address: hulei19841008@126.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jiaxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D012997:Solvents; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D012997:Solvents; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D002244:Carbon; D002482:Cellulose; D005662:Furaldehyde; D005947:Glucose
keywords: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural; Carbohydrates; Cellulose-derived carbonaceous catalyst; Glucose; Ionic liquid