title: Predicting a multi-parametric probability map of active tumor extent using random forests.
abstract: Glioblastoma Mulitforme is highly infiltrative, making precise delineation of tumor margin difficult. Multimodality or multi-parametric MR imaging sequences promise an advantage over anatomic sequences such as post contrast enhancement as methods for determining the spatial extent of tumor involvement. In considering multi-parametric imaging sequences however, manual image segmentation and classification is time-consuming and prone to error. As a preliminary step toward integration of multi-parametric imaging into clinical assessments of primary brain tumors, we propose a machine-learning based multi-parametric approach that uses radiologist generated labels to train a classifier that is able to classify tissue on a voxel-wise basis and automatically generate a tumor segmentation. A random forests classifier was trained using a leave-one-out experimental paradigm. A simple linear classifier was also trained for comparison. The random forests classifier accurately predicted radiologist generated segmentations and tumor extent.
authors.forename: Fred W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Prior
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fouke
authors.forename: Tammie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benzinger
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chicoine
authors.forename: Sharath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cholleti
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milchenko
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Politte
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyree
authors.forename: Kilian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marcus
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media