title: The analgesic efficacy of intra-articular acetaminophen in an experimental model of carrageenan-induced arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetaminophen is one of the most common drugs used for the treatment of pain and fever.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of intra-articular (IA) acetaminophen on carrageenan-induced arthritic pain-related behaviour and spinal c-Fos expression in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was performed using 20 Sprague Dawley rats. Forty microlitres of IA 0.9% NaCl was injected in the control group, and 40 µL of IA carrageenan was injected in the carrageenan group. One hour after carrageenan injection, 400 µg of IA acetaminophen was injected in the IA acetaminophen group, and 400 µg of intraperitoneal (IP) acetaminophen was injected in the IP acetaminophen group. One day before injection, and 4 h and 8 h after injection, diameters of both knee joints, motility of the rat, paw loading and joint mobility were assessed. After the rats were euthanized, L3 and L4 spinal segments were excised for c-Fos assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IA acetaminophen decreased both the severity and distribution of c-Fos expression. IP acetaminophen decreased only the distribution of c-Fos expression. IA acetaminophen decreased knee diameter at 8 h. IA and IP acetaminophen increased rat motility and paw loading scores. Joint mobility scores of IP acetaminophen were similar to saline at 8 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the present study indicate an analgesic and⁄or possible anti-inflammatory effect of IA acetaminophen and provide further evidence on the efficacy of systemic acetaminophen injection in reducing arthritic pain.
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Canbay
authors.forename: Nalan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.forename: Altan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konan
authors.forename: Pergin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.forename: Ulku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aypar
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D000082:Acetaminophen