title: Will my job be safe if I defend my patients? When patient advocacy collides with employment law.
abstract: Physicians are moving increasingly from self-employed, private practices to at-will employment relationships. This historic change in the organizational administration of medical services is likely to accelerate as the Affordable Care Act is implemented and as accountable care organizations permeate the medical marketplace. Physicians vow an ascendant oath to safeguard patients' welfare, but as they become employees, they may sign legal contracts that also oblige obedience to the institutions that hire them. What happens when an employer makes a decision that is not in the best interests of patients and the physicians fulfill their Hippocratic obligation to voice dissent on their patients' behalf rather than abiding by their contractual obligation to obey their employer? This article explores the philosophical and legal ramifications of this potential collision of obligations to patients and to employers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Electronic address: cmanthous@thocc.org.
authors.forename: Constantine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Manthous
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Abigail R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Moncrieff
mesh_terms: D004651:Employment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D014481:United States