title: Addisonian pigmentation and vitamin B₁₂ deficiency: a case series and review of the literature.
abstract: Skin changes associated with vitamin B₁₂ deficiency are common. In most cases, patients present primarily with systemic involvement (eg, megaloblastic anemia and/or neurologic effects), and additional cutaneous changes related to the diagnosis are noted as incidental findings. The role of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in the etiology of Addisonian pigmentation has not been well studied. We discuss the importance of testing vitamin B₁₂ levels in patients who present for evaluation of generalized hyperpigmentation. Various cutaneous changes associated with vitamin B₁₂ deficiency also are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Saint John's Medical College Hospital, Surjapur Rd, Kormangala Bangalore-560034, Karnataka State, India. madhuddoc2009@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Madhukara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jithendriya
authors.forename: Sendhil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumaran
authors.forename: Ishwara B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: P
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000749:Anemia, Megaloblastic / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult