title: TGF-β3 modulates the inflammatory environment and reduces scar formation following vocal fold mucosal injury in rats.
abstract: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β3 have been reported to exert differential effects on wound healing, and possibly even account for tissue-specific differences in scar formation. Scarring is particularly detrimental in the vocal fold mucosa (VFM), where destruction of the native extracellular matrix causes irreparable biomechanical changes and voice impairment. Here, in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we identified differences in TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 transcription and immunolocalization to various cell subpopulations in naïve and injured rat VFM, compared with oral mucosa (which undergoes rapid healing with minimal scar) and skin (which typically heals with scar). Treatment of cultured human vocal fold fibroblasts with TGF-β3 resulted in less potent induction of profibrotic gene transcription, extracellular matrix synthesis and fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, compared with treatment with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. Finally, delivery of exogenous TGF-β3 to rat VFM during the acute injury phase modulated the early inflammatory environment and reduced eventual scar formation. These experiments show that the TGF-β isoforms have distinct roles in VFM maintenance and repair, and that TGF-β3 redirects wound healing to improve VFM scar outcomes in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Nathan V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Welham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; C509046:Tgfb3 protein, rat
keywords: Fibrosis; Larynx; Tissue repair; Wound healing