title: The effects of Moufarrege total posterior pedicle reduction mammaplasty on breastfeeding: a review of 931 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since its original description in 1979, the Moufarrege total posterior pedicle reduction mammaplasty technique has proven to be a safe and reliable procedure providing aesthetic and functional enhancement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the Moufarrege total posterior pedicle reduction mammaplasty affects successful breastfeeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review was performed for patients operated on between 1981 and 1997, and a written questionnaire was given. Patients were asked about their ability to lactate and successfully breastfeed preoperatively and postoperatively. The t test and χ(2) test were used to compare means and categorical variables, respectively. Values were also compared with a sample of women (n = 2223) from the Quebec general population as collected by the Longitudinal Study of Child Development in Quebec (ELDEQ, 1998-2002).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 931 patients (all women) underwent reduction mammaplasty during the study period at Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (H.S.) or Hopital Hotel-Dieu, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.B. and R.M). There was a 62% response rate to the questionnaire. There were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of women able to lactate postoperatively vs preoperatively (98% vs 100%, respectively; P = .2). The percentage of women able to successfully breastfeed for 4 and 6 months was also not statistically different when comparing postoperative vs preoperative ability (4 months: 33% vs 44 %, P = .13; 6 months: 29% vs 28%, P = .77). The sample of women from the Quebec population did not differ statistically from those undergoing the Moufarrege breast reduction in terms of successful breastfeeding for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months (59% vs 67%, 52% vs 47%, 42% vs 41%, and 40% vs 33%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Moufarrege breast reduction technique is a reliable and safe procedure that does not seem to negatively affect the success of breastfeeding based on the results of our retrospective chart review and patient questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Dr Sinno is the Aesthetic & Reconstructive Clinical Fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sinno
authors.forename: Elia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Botros
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moufarrege
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011792:Quebec; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Moufarrege reduction mammaplasty; breast reduction; breastfeeding; lactation; reduction mammaplasty