title: How does exposure to nickel and cadmium affect the transcriptome of yellow perch (Perca flavescens)--results from a 1000 candidate-gene microarray.
abstract: The molecular mechanisms underlying nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity and their specific effects on fish are poorly understood. Documenting gene transcription profiles offers a powerful approach toward identifying the molecular mechanisms affected by these metals and to discover biomarkers of their toxicity. However, confounding environmental factors can complicate the interpretation of the results and the detection of biomarkers for fish captured in their natural environment. In the present study, a 1000 candidate-gene microarray, developed from a previous RNA-seq study on a subset of individual fish from contrasting level of metal contamination, was used to investigate the transcriptional response to metal (Ni and Cd) and non metal (temperature, oxygen, and diet) stressors in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Specifically, we aimed at (1) identifying transcriptional signatures specific to Ni and Cd exposure, (2) investigating the mechanisms of their toxicity, and (3) developing a predictive tool to identify the sublethal effects of Ni and Cd contaminants in fish sampled from natural environments. A total of 475 genes displayed significantly different transcription levels when temperature varied while 287 and 176 genes were differentially transcribed at different concentrations of Ni and Cd, respectively. These metals were found to mainly affect the transcription level of genes involved in iron metabolism, transcriptional and translational processes, vitamin metabolism, blood coagulation, and calcium transport. In addition, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) made using gene transcription levels yielded 94% correctly reassigned samples regarding their level of metal contamination, which indicates the potential of the microarray to detect perch response to Cd or Ni effects.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre INRS Eau Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada; Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: Berenice.Bougas@ete.inrs.ca.
authors.forename: Bérénice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bougas
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Normandeau
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pierron
authors.forename: Peter G C
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernatchez
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couture
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity; D010471:Perches / Q000502:physiology*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D059467:Transcriptome; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D009532:Nickel
keywords: Cadmium; Ecotoxicology; Microarrays; Nickel; Yellow perch