title: Validation of the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire adapted to Brazilian Portuguese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to validate the Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted with ROE administration to 56 patients submitted to rhinoplasty (preoperatively, and then 15-day and 90-day postoperatively) and 100 volunteers without the need or desire of cosmetic or functional nasal surgery. Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility), validity, responsiveness and clinical interpretability were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rhinoplasty patients' mean preoperative score was 7.14, 15 days post-op 17.73 and 90 days post-op 20.50, while controls presented 17.94 points (p < 0.0001), showing the questionnaire's validity and responsiveness. Internal consistency was 0.86. Inter- and intra-examiner test-retest reproducibility was 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. The effect size caused by the surgery was considered large (15 days post-op compared to the preoperative score: effect size = 3.22; 90 days post-op compared to preoperative score: effect size = 4.06). The minimally important difference was 8.67 points, so changes smaller than 9 points in ROE might not be perceived by the patient as an improvement or worsening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brazilian Portuguese version of ROE is a valid instrument to assess results in rhinoplasty patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, UNIFESP-EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suemy Cioffi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Izu
authors.forename: Eduardo Macoto
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.forename: Alessandra Stanquini
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Karen Vitols
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: Leonardo Bomediano Garcia
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Vinícius Magalhães
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Suguri
authors.forename: Luis Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gregório
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011174:Portugal / Q000208:ethnology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult