title: Anti-glutamic Acid decarboxylase antibody associated limbic encephalitis in a child: expanding the spectrum of pediatric inflammatory brain diseases.
abstract: Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase directed antibodies are a rare cause of autoimmune limbic encephalitis that is relatively resistant to immunotherapy. Here we report a 15-year-old boy with nonparaneoplastic, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase limbic encephalitis presenting with subacute headache, memory disturbance, psychiatric symptoms, and seizures. At onset, his memory disturbance manifested as transient global amnesia-like episodes. Clinical remission was achieved with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Lance H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Rodan
authors.forename: Dragos A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nita
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gresa-Arribas
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Susanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Benseler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D020363:Limbic Encephalitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase
keywords: anti-GAD; autoimmune; glutamic acid decarboxylase; limbic encephalitis; rituximab; transient global amnesia