title: Embryonic exposure of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to propylparaben: effects on early development and post-hatching growth.
abstract: Here we proposed a battery of non-invasive biomarkers and a histological survey to examine physiological/anatomical features in embryos, eleutheroembryos (13 days post-fertilization, dpf), and larvae (28-42 dpf) of medaka to investigate the effects of embryonic exposure to propylparaben (PrP). Concentrations <1000 μg PrP/L didn't exert early or late toxic effects. However, survivorship was affected at 4000 μg/L in eleutheroembryos and at ≥1000 μg/L in larvae. Histological alterations were found in 37.5% of eleutheroembryos exposed to 4000 μg PrP/L. Morphometric analysis of the gallbladder revealed significant dilation at ≥400 μg/L throughout embryo development. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), as indicator of cytochrome P4501A activity, didn't reveal induction/inhibition although its combination with a P4501A agonist (i.e. β-naphthoflavone) resulted in a synergic EROD response. Results suggest a low toxicity of PrP for fish and support the use of fish embryos and eleutheroembryos as alternatives of in vivo biomarkers indicative of exposure/toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: miguelgd@inia.es.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Doncel
authors.forename: José Enrique
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: García-Mauriño
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: San Segundo
authors.forename: Eulalia M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Beltrán
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sastre
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández Torija
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D010226:Parabens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010226:Parabens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; C006068:propylparaben
keywords: Fish embryo toxicity; Histology; Morphometry; Parabens; Risk assessment