title: A cut-point value of uncarboxylated to carboxylated index is associated with glycemic status markers in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) has been described as a regulator of glucose metabolism in mice, and it is decreased in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Although inversely correlated with serum glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin, it is unclear if ucOC decrement is caused by diabetes or plays a role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of the disease. Whatever the case may be, diabetes affects osteoblast gene expression, and possibly the proportion of ucOC over carboxylated OC (cOC). The association of ucOC/cOC index with glycemic status markers in patients with T2D has not been described before.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the ucOC/cOC index and its relationship with glycemic status markers in patients with T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ucOC/cOC index was determined by the quotient of ucOC and cOC serum levels in 80 T2D patients and 160 healthy subjects. The relationship between the ucOC/cOC index and glycemic status markers was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ucOC/cOC index was low and negatively correlated to fasting plasma glucose and homeostasis assessment-insulin resistance model in T2D patients. The odds ratio for T2D patients with an ucOC/cOC index below the cut-point obtained by receiver operating characteristic analysis was 12.64 (confidence interval, 5.75-27.77; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A value of ucOC/cOC index less than 0.3 is associated with markers of poor metabolic control in patients with T2D.
authors.affiliation: From the *Cuerpo Académico UDG-CA-533 de Investigación en Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara; †Servicio de VIH, Hospital Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde; and ‡Grupo de Inmunogenética Funcional and §Instituto de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, and ∥Instituto de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: José Rafael
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Villafán-Bernal
authors.forename: Mara Anaís
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Llamas-Covarrubias
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Valle
authors.forename: Edgar Alfonso
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rivera-León
authors.forename: Mercedes Elvira
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González-Hita
authors.forename: Blanca Estela
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bastidas-Ramírez
authors.forename: Carmen Magdalena
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gurrola-Díaz
authors.forename: Juan Socorro
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Armendáriz-Borunda
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Enríquez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015675:Osteocalcin