title: Piezoelectric and electromagnetic respiratory effort energy harvesters.
abstract: The movements of the torso due to normal breathing could be harvested as an alternative, and renewable power source for an ultra-low power electronic device. The same output signal could also be recorded as a physiological signal containing information about breathing, thus enabling self-powered wearable biosensors/harvesters. In this paper, the selection criteria for such a biosensor, optimization procedure, trade-offs, and challenges as a sensor and harvester are presented. The empirical data obtained from testing different modules on a mechanical torso and a human subject demonstrated that an electromagnetic generator could be used as an unobtrusive self-powered medical sensor by harvesting more power, offering reasonable amount of output voltage for rectification purposes, and detecting respiratory effort.
authors.forename: Ehsaneh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahhaidar
authors.forename: Bryson
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Padasdao
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stickley
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boric-Lubecke
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004581:Electronics; D006801:Humans; D059205:Renewable Energy; D012119:Respiration; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology