title: Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative FFQ designed for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from southern Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a previously constructed FFQ to assess the usual diet of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey using two quantitative FFQ (1-month interval) supported by a food photograph portfolio, a 3 d weighed diet record (WDR) and urinary N output measurement (as a biomarker of protein intake).
  
  
  METHODS
  Group of Nutrition in Endocrinology, southern Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out-patients with T2DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 104 eligible T2DM patients, eighty-eight were included in the evaluation of FFQ reproducibility and seventy-two provided data for the validity study. The intakes estimated from the two FFQ did not differ (P > 0·05) and the correlation coefficients were significant (P < 0·01) for energy and nutrients, ranging from 0·451 (soluble fibre) to 0·936 (PUFA). Regarding the validity evaluation, data from the FFQ were higher than those from the WDR for total (28·3%), soluble (27·4%) and insoluble fibres (29·1%), and SFA (13·5%), MUFA (11·1 %) and total lipids (9·2%; all P < 0·05). There were significant correlation coefficients between the FFQ and WDR for most nutrients, when adjusted for energy intake and de-attenuated. Also, the Bland-Altman plots between the FFQ and WDR for energy and macronutrient intakes showed that the FFQ may be used as alternative method to the WDR. The validity coefficient (using the method of triads) for the FFQ protein intake was 0·522 (95% CI 0·414, 0·597).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This quantitative FFQ was valid and precise to assess the usual diet of patients with T2DM, according to its validity and reproducibility.
authors.affiliation: 1Endocrinology Division,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350,Prédio 12,4° andar,90035-003 Porto Alegre,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Aguiar
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.affiliation: 1Endocrinology Division,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350,Prédio 12,4° andar,90035-003 Porto Alegre,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Peçanha
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: 2Nutrition College, Faculdade de Medicina,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara Pelicioli
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Riboldi
authors.affiliation: 1Endocrinology Division,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350,Prédio 12,4° andar,90035-003 Porto Alegre,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Romeu
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.affiliation: 1Endocrinology Division,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350,Prédio 12,4° andar,90035-003 Porto Alegre,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: 1Endocrinology Division,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350,Prédio 12,4° andar,90035-003 Porto Alegre,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: Mirela Jobim
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.affiliation: 1Endocrinology Division,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350,Prédio 12,4° andar,90035-003 Porto Alegre,Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
authors.forename: Jussara Carnevale
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Almeida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009584:Nitrogen