title: Adolescents and young adults with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes demonstrate greater carotid intima-media thickness than those with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the carotid intima-media thickness in patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes ranging from 14 to 30 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic, anthropometric and laboratory data were obtained from 404 adolescents and young adults (103 subjects with Type 1 diabetes, 94 with Type 2 diabetes, 153 obese subjects and 54 normal control subjects). Carotid intima-media thickness was assessed based on Doppler ultrasound examination and compared among the four groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data showed significant increases in carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes and obese subjects compared with the control subjects, with those in the group with Type 2 diabetes demonstrating the greatest change (P < 0.001). Age, BMI, percentage of fat, waist-hip ratio and total triglycerides were significantly correlated with both common and internal carotid intima-media thickness segments. From a stepwise multiple linear regression model, the independent determinants of common carotid intima-media thickness were age, BMI, HbA1c and HDL cholesterol (adjusted R(2)  = 0.152, P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex and HbA1c , the odds ratio for increased carotid intima-media thickness was 1.67 (95% CI 1.19-2.33, P = 0.003) for obese subjects, 2.38 (95% CI 1.59-9.47, P = 0.001) for subjects with Type 1 diabetes and 3.93 (95% CI 1.90-6.07, P = 0001) for subjects with Type 2 diabetes compared with the control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with young control subjects, we found significant increases in carotid intima-media thickness in patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes, with patients with Type 2 diabetes showing greater carotid intima-media thickness. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia, could cause vessel changes even in adolescents and young adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine and Metabolic diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires