title: Coadministration of low-dose serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine with α 2-adrenoceptor blockers to treat both female and male mild-to-moderate stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female urinary incontinence is a relatively common disorder affecting women in different age groups, with significant prevalence amounts of stress-related subtype (stress urinary incontinence, SUI). Various neurotransmitters/neuromodulators - particularly both the glutamatergic and GABA-ergic ones - are involved in micturition/urinary continence nerve centre-based control, where Onuf's nucleus plays an important functional role under the adiuvant serotoninergic/ noradrenergic influences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To outline, deriving them from the literature review, the SUI therapeutic implications of SNRI (serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors) particularly of the duloxetine, though displaying its full therapeutic dose (40 mg twice/day)-related side effects and, therefore, highlighting recent issues concerning novel drug administration modalities to avoid such adverse events. EMERGING KNOWLEDGES: Intriguing studies in SUI animal models have shown that co-administration of duloxetine low dose with α 2-adrenoceptor antagonists - given the α 2-adrenoceptor inhibition-induced enhancement of duloxetine effectiveness on the urethral rhabdospincter-can avoid the duloxetine-related adverse events though perspectively reaching, in perspective translational clinical applications, the awaited beneficial effects for women suffering from intrinsic rhabdosphincter deficiency-based mild-to-moderate SUI as well as, in men, to treat post-prostatectomy mild SUI.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alberti
mesh_terms: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D009638:Norepinephrine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes