title: Changes in cortical thickness across the lifespan in major depressive disorder.
abstract: Neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) may differ depending on age-of-onset. Our aim was to compare patients who differ in age-of-onset, while controlling for illness duration, and number of depressive episodes. By directly comparing early-(EOD) and late-onset (LOD) patients, we examined whether age-of-onset is associated with changes in the extent or spatial pattern of cortical thickness. Cross-sectional comparison of cortical thickness in EOD vs. LOD. Age-of-onset was determined based on self-report, with EOD defined as onset prior to age 25. Reduced cortical thickness in the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), pre- and postcentral gyrus, and the lingual gyrus were found in EOD compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). In linear regression models controlling for number of episodes, illness duration, severity, and sex, differences (at p<0.001) were found between EOD and LOD in the bilateral posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyri, right precuneus, lingual, and fusiform gyri, but not the DLPFC. EOD is associated with greater disturbances in cortical thickness than LOD, even when duration of illness and other factors are controlled. These results provide novel insights on how development of depression is differentiated by age.
authors.affiliation: McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program (MiNDS), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1.
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minuzzi
authors.forename: Claudio N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Benicio N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Glenda M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: MacQueen
authors.forename: Geoffrey B C
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Age-of-onset; Brain structure; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mood disorders; Neurodevelopment