title: Effects of hydrothermal liquefaction on the fate of bioactive contaminants in manure and algal feedstocks.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) on the fate of bioactive compounds (BACs) often present with wet biosolids from wastewater, manure, or algae. Tracking radiolabeled (14)C for two BACs showed that 60-79% of the carbon was transferred to the HTL raw oil product, and most of the rest was found in the aqueous product. In the presence of both swine manure and Spirulina biomass feedstocks, HTL provided essentially complete removal of three BACs when operated at 300°C for ≥ 30 min. Experiments with both natural transformation and high-efficiency transformation showed that HTL provided complete deactivation of antibiotic resistant genes for all tested HTL conditions (250-300°C, 15-60 min reaction time). Thus, incorporating HTL into wastewater treatment systems can simultaneously produce valuable bio-crude oil, provide effective removal of BACs and disrupt the natural pathways for antibiotic resistant gene transfer from manure and wastewater biosolids to the environment.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, United States.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schideman
authors.forename: Brajendra K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Yuanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wan-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001395:Azotobacter / Q000378:metabolism; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D018274:Electroporation; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D004970:Estrone / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013696:Temperature; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002511:Cephalosporins; D004247:DNA; D004970:Estrone; D008372:Manure; D010636:Phenols; D013839:Thiamphenicol; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C053503:ceftiofur; C035534:florfenicol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Algae; Antibiotic resistance; Bioactive contaminants; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Manure