title: Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas with unusual manifestation of sudden onset of severe neurological deficits: case report.
abstract: Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas with perimedullary venous drainage cause venous hypertension, and usually manifest as slowly progressive myelopathy. We treated two patients presenting with sudden onset of severe neurological deficits. Moreover, in Case 1, the venous drainage was exclusively epidural and no perimedullary venous drainage was present. Angiographic findings of this patient were characterized by a slow-flow fistula with marked retention of the epidural venous drainage. Rapidly progressing thrombosis of the epidural venous plexus may have caused the sudden onset of the symptoms. In Case 2, hematomyelia may also be possibly associated with the sudden onset of the symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to achieve favorable outcome in such cases because venous congestion results in irreversible venous infarction within a short period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takatama
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomizawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004824:Epidural Space; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007238:Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D007796:Laminectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000209:etiology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones