title: Female gender remains an independent risk factor for poor outcome after acute nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Objective. To study whether gender influences outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods. Cohort study of 245 consecutive adults presenting to the emergency department with spontaneous ICH from January 2006 to December 2008. Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, extradural hemorrhage, and recurrence of hemorrhage were excluded. Results. There were no differences noted between genders in stroke severity (NIHSS) at presentation, ICH volume, or intraventricular extension (IVE) of hemorrhage. Despite this, females had 1.94 times higher odds of having a bad outcome (modified Rankin score (mRs) ≥3) as compared to males (95% CI 1.12 to 3.3) and 1.84 times higher odds of early mortality (95% CI 1.02-3.33). analyzing known variables influencing mortality in ICH, the authors found that females did have higher serum glucose levels on arrival (P = 0.0096) and 4.2 times higher odds for a cerebellar involvement than males (95% CI 1.63-10.75). After adjusting for age, NIHSS, glucose levels, hemorrhage volume, and IVE, female gender remained an independent predictor of early mortality (P = 0.0127). Conclusions. Female gender may be an independent predictor of early mortality in ICH patients, even after adjustment for stroke severity, hemorrhage volume, IVE, serum glucose levels, and age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine and Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Latha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganti
authors.forename: Anunaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Neeraja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yerragondu
authors.forename: Minal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: M Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bellolio
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabinstein