title: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is not associated with presence of viral genomes in the amniotic fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of viral infections in preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) is not established. Studies on the presence of viral genomes in the amniotic fluid (AF) collected in pregnancies complicated by PPROM show contradictory outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate AF samples of PPROM pregnancies for the presence of viral genomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  AF samples from patients with PPROM were collected during a 4-year (2008-2012) observational study. 174 women were included with selection criteria of singleton pregnancy, PPROM, and maternal age of 18 years and above. PCR was used for detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), parvovirus B19, human adenoviruses (HAdV), enteroviruses (EV) and human parechovirus (HPeV). The selection of these viral targets was based on literature regarding screening of AF for presence of viral genomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only a single sample was positive out of the 174 tested AFs, HCMV DNA was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPROM is not associated with active viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Enterovirus Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: shubhada.bopegamage@szu.sk.
authors.forename: Shubhada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bopegamage
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kacerovsky
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tambor
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Musilova
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarmirova
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Snelders
authors.forename: Arjan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Sandor G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Vari
authors.forename: Willem J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Melchers
authors.forename: Jochem M D
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000209:etiology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amniotic fluid; Pregnancy; Pregnancy outcome; Premature rupture of membranes; Viral genomes