title: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: molecular markers and genetic subtypes.
abstract: Mutation-activated signaling from the KIT and PDGFRA kinases has been successfully targeted in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), with subtle differences between the mutations serving to refine prognosis and more precisely tailor therapy. There is a growing understanding of the molecular drivers of GISTs lacking mutations in KIT or PDGFRA, so called wild-type GISTs, further aiding in management decisions. This article provides an overview of all the known molecular subtypes of GIST and provides information about clinical correlates, treatment, and prognosis depending on the subtype.
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Medical Oncology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Portland VA Medical Center, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code L586, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Corless
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors
keywords: GIST; KIT; PDGFRA; RTK-wild-type; SDH