title: Permethrin exposure from fabric-treated military uniforms under different wear-time scenarios.
abstract: The objective of the project was to ascertain whether urinary biomarkers of permethrin exposure are detected after wearing post-tailored, fabric-treated military uniforms under two different wear-time exposure scenarios. Study A occurred over 3.5 days and involved six participants wearing treated uniforms continuously for 30-32 h. Urine collection occurred at scheduled time points before, during, and after wearing the uniform. Study B, conducted over 19 days, included 11 participants wearing treated uniforms for 3 consecutive days, 8 h each day (with urine collection before, during, and after wear). Urinary biomarkers of permethrin (3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), cis- 2,2-(dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cDCCA), trans- 2,2-(dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (tDCCA)) were detected during and after wear. Biomarker detection generally occurred over the 10- to 12-h period after putting on the uniform and subsided 24 h following uniform removal (in both Study A and B scenarios). Those wearing permethrin-treated uniforms under the longer wear-time scenario (Study A) excreted significantly higher cumulative mean levels compared with those in Study B (3.29 times higher for 3PBA and 2.23 times higher for the sum of c/tDCCA (P≤0.001)). Findings suggest that wearing permethrin-treated clothing does increase absorbed, internal dose levels of permethrin above population levels and is significantly related to wear-time duration.
authors.affiliation: 1] Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA [2] Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [3] VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.affiliation: 1] Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA [2] Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alexis L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.affiliation: 1] Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA [2] Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.affiliation: Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Gina E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001565:Benzoates / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000652:urine*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D026023:Permethrin / Q000652:urine*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D015415:Biomarkers; D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin; C017618:3-phenoxybenzoic acid