title: European athletes dominate performances in Double Iron ultra-triathlons--a retrospective data analysis from 1985 to 2010.
abstract: We investigated the participation and performance trends of ultra-endurance triathletes from all nationalities competing in a Double Iron ultra-triathlon (7.6-km swim, 360-km cycle and 84.4-km run) from 1985 to 2010. A total of 1854 athletes participated in 92 Double Iron ultra-triathlons. The majority of the winners came from Europe with 72 victories, followed by North America with 17 victories. The race time for the European ultra-triathletes was 1340 (s=95.3) min, decreasing highly significantly (r (2)=0.28; P<0.0001) across the years. North American ultra-triathletes finished the races within 1556 (s=124.5) min; their race time showed no changes across the years (r (2)=0.045; P=0.07). The race time for the Europeans was highly significantly faster compared to the North Americans (P<0.0001). Future studies should investigate each country in Europe and North America in order to find the country with the largest participation of athletes and their best performance.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph Alexander
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rüst
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lepers
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosemann
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Onywera
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009656:North America; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*