title: Effect of unilateral posterior crossbite and unilateral cleft lip and palate on vertical mandibular asymmetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate condylar, ramal, and condylar plus ramal vertical mandibular asymmetry in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite (UPCB) and in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) compared with subjects having normal occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study evaluated panoramic radiographs of three groups of subjects: UPCB, 20 patients; UCLP, 20 patients; and normal occlusion sample, 20 subjects. All subjects were picked at random from Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, and all films were traced and measured manually by the same author.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in condylar asymmetry index (CAI), ramal asymmetry index (RAI), and condylar plus ramal asymmetry index (C + RAI) among the three groups. The average CAI for group UPCB was 9.03 ± 7.65; 8.03 ± 6.89 for group UCLP; 6.93 ± 9.87 for normal group. Mean RAI for group UPCB was 2.53 ± 2.52; 2.61 ± 1.22 for group UCLP; 2.65 ± 1.90 for normal group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Condylar asymmetry was observed in all three groups (UPCB, UCLP and normal occlusion) because condylar asymmetry indexes were higher in each group at the 3 % threshold. No statistically significant differences were found among the three study groups for any of the asymmetry indexes.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abad-Santamaría
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-de-Andrés
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Trujillo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruíz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology*; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D055815:Young Adult