title: Adult social and professional outcomes of pediatric renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the socioprofessional situation of adult-aged kidney-transplanted children. This nationwide French cohort study documented the socioprofessional outcomes of adults who underwent kidney transplantation before age 16 years between 1985 and 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 890 patients, 624 were eligible for a questionnaire and 374 completed it (response rate=60%; men=193 and women=181). The data were compared with the French general population using an indirect standardization matched for gender, age, and period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median ages were 27.1 years at survey time and 12.3 years at first transplantation. Of the participants, 31.1% lived with a partner (vs. 52.2%; P<0.01) and 35.7% lived with their parents (vs. 21.0%; P<0.01). When standardized for parental educational level, fewer participants had a high-level degree (≥3-year university level) and fewer women had a baccalaureate degree. Professional occupations were similar to the French general population, but unemployment was higher (18.5% vs. 10.4%; P<0.01). Independent predictive factors for poor socioprofessional outcome were primary disease severity (onset in infancy or hereditary disease), the presence of comorbidities or sensorial disabilities, low educational level of the patient or his parents, female gender, and being on dialysis after graft failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplanted children, particularly girls and patients with low parental educational levels, require optimized educational, psychologic, and social support to reach the educational level of their peers. This support should be maintained during adulthood to help them integrate into the working population and build a family.
authors.affiliation: 1 Inserm, CIE 5, Paris, France. 2 Unité d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France. 3 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 4 Agence de la Biomédecine, Direction Médicale et Scientifique, Saint-Denis-La Plaine, France. 5 Service de Néphrologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France. 6 Address correspondence to: Chantal Loirat, M.D., Pediatric Nephrology Department, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellerio
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Marylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labèguerie
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andriss
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savoye
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lassalle
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacquelinet
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loirat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012944:Social Support