title: Treatment of intractable anorexia nervosa with inactivation of the nucleus accumbens using stereotactic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For 30% of anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, conventional treatments are unsuccessful; this is termed intractable AN.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates whether ablation of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) using stereotactic surgery can arouse the physiological drive to eat in intractable AN patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with intractable AN were included: 6 patients underwent bilateral stereotactic radio frequency ablation in the NAc and 2 patients received bilateral NAc deep brain stimulation (DBS). Observations were made for basic vital signs, body mass index (BMI), menstruation, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality, intelligence, memory, quality of life, social functioning, as well as complications and adverse events associated with the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basic vital signs, BMI and menstruation had recovered 1 year after the operation. Depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder were improved 1 year postoperatively. There were changes in personality scores for psychoticism, neuroticism and lie tendencies that seemed to be helpful to the recovery from AN. Intelligence and memory improved after 6 months postoperatively. Quality of life and social functioning were dramatically improved at 1 year postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study reveal that ablation of the NAc can increase the AN patients' physiological drive to eat. Furthermore, there were no severe and/or life-influencing complications associated with the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chongwang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Xuelian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000601:surgery*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D010551:Personality; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome