title: Osteoporosis treatment and prevention for postmenopausal women: current and future therapeutic options.
abstract: Osteoporosis, a "silent disease," is often unrecognized until fracture. Lifestyle modification with nutritional counseling is recommended during menopausal transition. Bone density testing is recommended for women aged 65 years and older, younger postmenopausal women with risk factors, or to follow therapy. Bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis (prevent bone resorption). Raloxifene and hormone therapy prevent bone loss and fracture, with extraskeletal benefits. Denosumab treats osteoporosis, although bone effects reverse rapidly. Teriparatide (anabolic therapy) is considered for women at high risk of fracture. Bazedoxifene with conjugated estrogens, novel delivery of teriparatide, new parathyroid hormone proteins, anti-sclerostin antibodies, cathepsin K inhibitors, and stem cell therapies are in testing.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Midlife Health Center †Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Joann V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
authors.forename: Semara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dalkin
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004164:Diphosphonates; D014807:Vitamin D; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride