title: Expression patterns of the Drosophila neuropeptide CCHamide-2 and its receptor may suggest hormonal signaling from the gut to the brain.
abstract: The insect neuropeptides CCHamide-1 and -2 are recently discovered peptides that probably occur in all arthropods. Here, we used immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative PCR (qPCR), to localize the two peptides in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. We found that CCHamide-1 and -2 were localized in endocrine cells of the midgut of larvae and adult flies. These endocrine cells had the appearance of sensory cells, projecting processes close to or into the gut lumen. In addition, CCHamide-2 was also localized in about forty neurons in the brain hemispheres and ventral nerve cord of larvae. Using qPCR we found high expression of the CCHamide-2 gene in the larval gut and very low expression of its receptor gene, while in the larval brain we found low expression of CCHamide-2 and very high expression of its receptor. These expression patterns suggest the following model: Endocrine CCHamide-2 cells in the gut sense the quality of food components in the gut lumen and transmit this information to the brain by releasing CCHamide-2 into the circulation; subsequently, after binding to its brain receptors, CCHamides-2 induces an altered feeding behavior in the animal and possibly other homeostatic adaptations.
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Shizhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torre-Muruzabal
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Søgaard
authors.forename: Guilin R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Signe M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Engelsen
authors.forename: Mads D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pødenphanth
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.forename: Cornelis J P
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Grimmelikhuijzen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D019858:Enteroendocrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: C555823:CCH-amide-2 neuropeptide, Drosophila; C555821:CCHa1-R protein, Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018035:Receptors, Odorant