title: Effect of solvents and methods of stirring in extraction of lycopene, oleoresin and fatty acids from over-ripe tomato.
abstract: Lycopene and oleoresin extraction from powder of tomato over-ripe by three agitation methods and four solvents have been evaluated. Also, tomato powder and the oleoresins were characterized biochemically. On average, the moisture content of powder was found to be 4.30, ash 8.90, proteins 11.23 and lipids 4.35 g 100 g(-1). The best oleoresin extraction yield was achieved by combining sonication and acetone at 1.43 g 100 g(-1). The greatest amount of lycopene (65.57 ± 0.33 mg 100 g(-1)) was also obtained using the same treatment. The presence of trans-lycopene was positively confirmed by HPLC and FTIR. In oleoresins, linoleic acid (C18:2n6) was the predominant with 50% of total fatty acids, whereas stearic acid (C18:0) is presented in a smaller proportion (5%). A simple and suitable method for extraction of lycopene from over-ripe tomato was optimized. In industrial applications, tomato by-products are a viable source of analytes, such as lycopene and unsaturated fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora , Ciudad Obregón, Sonora , Mexico.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Cervantes
authors.forename: Dalia I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Machado
authors.forename: Karla P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Valenzuela-Sánchez
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Núñez-Gastélum
authors.forename: Ana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Escárcega-Galaz
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ramírez
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005638:Fruit; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000032:analysis; D012997:Solvents; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011208:Powders; D012997:Solvents; D013229:Stearic Acids; C018620:oleoresins; D014867:Water; D000096:Acetone; D002338:Carotenoids; C031183:stearic acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D000077276:Lycopene