title: A review of the specificity of exercises designed for conditioning the lumbar extensors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the specificity of exercises designed to condition the lumbar extensor musculature (ie, lumbar erector spinae and multifidus).
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of studies examining effects of exercises designed to condition the lumbar extensors was conducted. Included were studies that examined the acute activation and chronic adaptation of the lumbar extensor musculature in response to benches and roman chair trunk extensions, free weights exercises (ie, deadlifts, squats, good-mornings, etc), floor and stability ball exercise (ie, trunk extensions, bridging, four-point kneeling, etc) and resistance machines (ie, those with and without pelvic restraints).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence suggests that the reviewed exercises designed to condition the lumbar extensors all may result in significant activation of this musculature during their performance. However, examination of training studies shows that for benches and roman chair trunk extensions, free weights exercises, floor and stability ball exercise and resistance machines without appropriate pelvic restraints, evidence suggests that they may be less effective for inducing chronic adaptations in the lumbar extensors as a result of their performance. Contrastingly, resistance machines that employ appropriate pelvic restraint to isolate lumbar extension are better evidenced to confer specific adaptations to the lumbar extensors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerous exercise approaches have been designed with the intention of conditioning the lumbar extensors. Those examined appear to activate the lumbar extensors; however, the specificity of many of these exercises for producing chronic adaptations may be questionable, potentially due to the compound nature of them allowing involvement of other musculature such as the hip extensors. Many of the reviewed exercises offer potential to condition the lumbar extensors, however, isolation of lumbar extension through appropriate pelvic restraint appears important for optimising specific adaptations in the lumbar extensors.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, British College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hampstead, London, UK Centre for Health, Exercise and Sport Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health, Exercise and Sport Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruce-Low
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D064131:Back Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D012149:Restraint, Physical
keywords: Back injuries; Exercise; Injury Prevention; Physiotherapy; Sporting injuries