title: Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on ifosfamide-induced central neurotoxicity in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to establish the protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against the ifosfamide (IFOS)-induced central neurotoxicity in rats and to determine the changes in oxidant-antioxidant status of brain tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 Wistar rats (aged 7-12 days) were used in the experiments. The study comprised of five groups. Control untreated rats (n = 7) belonged to group 1; group 2 was given intraperitoneal (IP) injection of CAPE alone (10 µmol/kg; n = 7); group 3 was treated with single IP injection of IFOS (500 mg/kg; n = 7); group 4 was treated for 2 days with IP administration of CAPE (10 µmol/kg) beginning from one day before single IP injection of IFOS (n = 7); and group 5 was treated with saline and 10% ethanol. At the 24th hour of IFOS treatment, brain tissues were removed for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brain catalase activity was lower in IFOS group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl content in brain tissue were higher in IFOS group than the control, CAPE, ethanol, and IFOS + CAPE groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between MDA and protein carbonyl content of control, CAPE, ethanol, and IFOS + CAPE groups. Immunohistochemistry showed marked activation of caspase 3 in the IFOS group at 24 h after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that pretreatment with CAPE might protect brain tissue against IFOS-induced central neurotoxicity. CAPE could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy and to lessen IFOS toxicity in clinical chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey drzeynepg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ginis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulfer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albayrak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sefika Nur
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albayrak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fadillioglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D020011:Protective Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D007069:Ifosfamide
keywords: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester; caspase 3; ifosfamide; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress