title: Pt-Al2O3 interfaces in cofired ceramics for use in miniaturized neuroprosthetic implants.
abstract: A core element to miniaturized, hermetic encapsulations for neuroprosthetic implants with high numbers of stimulation channels is the creation of electrical feedthroughs. Platinum (Pt) and alumina (Al2 O3 ) are necessary to connect the sealed electronics to external components including electrode arrays that provide a neural interface function, as well as to sources of power or data. Combined with laser micro-processing, high-density feedthrough arrays were created with up to 2500 channels per cm(2) . The chemistry, micro structure, and crystallography of the Pt-Al2 O3 interface created by the cofiring of Pt particles and Al2 O3 particulate in binder were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) to determine the nature of the Pt-Al2 O3 bond. While Pt-Al2 O3 interfaces only occurred in cases where the different grains were in distinct orientations where the crystal lattices matched, the addition of glass additives allowed for bonding nonmatching orientations by devitrification to form Pt-glass-Al2 O3 interfaces. The conditions for the formation of both mechanisms were determined, and it was shown that higher order crystal planes than previously described can be matched. Analyzing the lattice matches in detail showed the ability of the material compound to compensate for mismatches by the formation of dislocations, out-of-angle matching, lattice distortion, and the existence of semi-coherent interfaces in case of integer misfit ratios to create domain matching.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Svehla
authors.forename: Nigel H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruys
authors.forename: Gregg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Suaning
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005898:Glass; D007834:Lasers; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008904:Miniaturization; D058117:Neural Prostheses; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
keywords: electron diffraction pattern; interfaces; microstructure; neuroprosthesis; transmission electron microscopy