title: Abnormal synchrony of resting state networks in premanifest and symptomatic Huntington disease: the IMAGE-HD study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional neural impairments have been documented in people with symptomatic Huntington disease (symp-HD) and in premanifest gene carriers (pre-HD). This study aimed to characterize synchrony in resting state cerebral networks in both pre-HD and symp-HD populations and to determine its association with disease burden and neurocognitive functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from pre-HD, symp-HD and healthy control participants. The fMRI data were analyzed using multisubject independent component analysis and dual regression. We compared networks of interest among the groups using a nonparametric permutation method and correcting for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study included 25 people in the pre-HD, 23 in the symp-HD and 18 in the healthy control groups. Compared with the control group, the pre-HD group showed decreased synchrony in the sensorimotor and dorsal attention networks; decreased level of synchrony in the sensorimotor network was associated with poorer motor performance. Compared with the control group, the symp-HD group showed widespread reduction in synchrony in the dorsal attention network, which was associated with poorer cognitive performance. The posterior putamen and superior parietal cortex were functionally disconnected from the frontal executive network in the symp-HD compared with control and pre-HD groups. Furthermore, the left frontoparietal network showed areas of increased synchrony in the symp-HD compared with the pre-HD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We could not directly correct for influence of autonomic changes (e.g., heart rate) and respiration on resting state synchronization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that aberrant synchrony in the sensorimotor and dorsal attention networks may serve as an early signature of neural change in pre-HD individuals. The altered synchrony in dorsal attention, frontoparietal and corticostriatal networks may contribute to the development of clinical symptoms in people with Huntington disease.
authors.affiliation: The School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, the Monash Biomedical Imaging and the Monash e-Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, and the VLSCI Life Sciences Computation Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Govinda R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Poudel
authors.affiliation: The School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, the Monash Biomedical Imaging and the Monash e-Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, and the VLSCI Life Sciences Computation Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: The Department of Neurology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Churchyard
authors.affiliation: The School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.affiliation: The School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.affiliation: The School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Nellie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Georgiou-Karistianis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012146:Rest; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: C086055:HTT protein, human; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins