title: The profiling and identification of the metabolites of (+)-catechin and study on their distribution in rats by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n) technique.
abstract: (+)-Catechin, a potential beneficial compound to human health, is widely distributed in plants and foods. A high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and combined with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry method was applied to profile and identify the metabolites of (+)-catechin in rats and to study the distribution of these metabolites in rat organs for the first time. In total, 51 phase II metabolites (44 new) and three phase I metabolites were tentatively identified, comprising 16 (+)-catechin conjugates, 14 diarylpropan-2-ol metabolites, 6 phenyl valerolactone metabolites and 18 aromatic acid metabolites. Further, 19 phase II metabolites were new compounds. The in vivo metabolic reactions of (+)-catechin in rats were found to be ring-cleavage, sulfation, glucuronidation, methylation, dehydroxylation and dehydrogenation. The numbers of detected metabolites in urine, plasma, small intestine, kidney, liver, lung, heart, brain and spleen were 53, 23, 27, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2 and 1, respectively. This indicated that small intestine, kidney and liver were the major organs for the distribution of (+)-catechin metabolites. In addition, eight metabolites were found to possess bioactivities according to literature. These results are very helpful for better comprehension of the in vivo metabolism of (+)-catechin and its pharmacological actions, and also can give strong indications on the effective forms of (+)-catechin in vivo.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ya-Zhou
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: De-Hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Shao-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002392:Catechin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008958:Models, Molecular; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002392:Catechin
keywords: (+)-catechin; LC-MS; distribution; metabolic profile