title: Liver abnormalities in bowel diseases.
abstract: Liver abnormalities are often seen in bowel diseases. Whether these represent aspects of two separate diseases, or if one is causing the other, is not always easy to decide. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or coeliac disease are frequently observed. Of these extraintestinal manifestations, hepatic disorders are among the most common. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis are the most frequent hepatic disorders in IBD and coeliac disease, respectively. Genetic studies have lately elucidated the associations between IBD and PSC, but there is still a long way until we have complete understanding of the molecular aetiology and pathophysiology of these conditions. There is no curative treatment available for PSC, besides liver transplantation. Steatosis and cholelithiasis are also common in IBD, as are signs of hepatic injury due to IBD treatment. Less common liver abnormalities include liver abscesses, hepatic thromboembolic events, granulomatous liver disease and hepatic amyloidosis.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Pb 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: martin.kummen@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kummen
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schrumpf
authors.forename: Kirsten Muri
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Boberg
mesh_terms: D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation
keywords: Biliary tract disease; Celiac disease; Inflammatory bowel disease; Liver disease; Primary sclerosing cholangitis