title: Disparities in symptom burden and renal transplant eligibility: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) suffer from a high symptom burden. However, there is significant heterogeneity within the HD population; certain subgroups, such as the elderly, may experience disproportionate symptom burden.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study's objective was to propose a category of HD patients at elevated risk for symptom burden (those patients who are not transplant candidates) and to compare symptomatology among transplant ineligible versus eligible HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  English-speaking, cognitively intact patients receiving HD and who were either transplant eligible (n=25) or ineligible (n=32) were recruited from two urban HD units serving patients in the greater New York City region.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person interviews were conducted to ascertain participants' symptom burden using the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI), perceived symptom bother and attribution (whether the symptom was perceived to be related to HD treatment), and quality of life using the SF-36. Participants' medical records were reviewed to collect demographic and clinical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transplant ineligible (versus eligible) patients reported an average of 13.9±4.6 symptoms versus 9.2±4.4 symptoms (p<0.01); these differences persisted after adjustment for multiple factors. A greater proportion of transplant ineligible (versus eligible) patients attributed their symptoms to HD and were more likely to report greater bother on account of the symptoms. Quality of life was also significantly lower in the transplant ineligible group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among HD patients, transplant eligibility is associated with symptom burden. Our pilot data suggest that consideration be given to employing transplant status as a method of identifying HD patients at risk for greater symptom burden and targeting them for palliative interventions.
authors.affiliation: 1 Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Kaylan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christianer
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: M Cary
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Rouzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shengelia
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teresi
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eimicke
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eiss
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adelman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City; D010166:Palliative Care; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index