title: Gestational weight gain, early pregnancy maternal adiposity distribution, and maternal hyperglycemia.
abstract: To estimate the effects of gestational weight gain (GWG), central adiposity and subcutaneous fat on maternal post-load glucose concentration, pregnant women [n = 413, 62% black, 57% with pregravid body mass index (BMI) ≥25] enrolled in a cohort study at ≤13 weeks gestation. GWG was abstracted from medical records. In a sub-sample of women (n = 214), waist circumference (WC), and biceps and triceps skinfold thicknesses were measured at enrollment. At 24-28 weeks gestation, post-load glucose concentration was measured using a 50-g 1-h oral glucose tolerance test. After adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI, age, parity, race/ethnicity, smoking, marital status, annual family income, education, family history of diabetes, and gestational age of GDM screening, each 0.3-kg/week increase in weight in the first trimester was associated with a 2.2 (95% CI 0.1, 4.3)-mg/dl increase in glucose concentration. Each 8.6-mm increase in biceps skinfold thickness and each 11.7-mm increase in triceps skinfold thickness was associated with 4.3 (95% CI 0.2, 8.5)-mg/dl increase in maternal glucose, independent of BMI and other confounders. Neither GWG in the second trimester nor WC at ≤13 weeks was significantly associated with glucose concentration after confounder adjustment. Independent of pre-pregnancy BMI, high early pregnancy GWG and maternal subcutaneous body fat may be positively associated with maternal glucose concentrations at 24-28 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Tomedi
authors.forename: Hyagriv N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Simhan
authors.forename: Chung-Chou H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McTigue
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bodnar
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003710:Demography; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain