title: Advanced bronchoscopic techniques in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
abstract: The role of advanced brochoscopic diagnostic techniques in detection and staging of lung cancer has steeply increased in recent years. Bronchoscopic imaging techniques became widely available and easy to use. Technical improvement led to merging in technologies making autofluorescence or narrow band imaging incorporated into one bronchoscope. New tools, such as autofluorescence imagining (AFI), narrow band imaging (NBI) or fuji intelligent chromo endoscopy (FICE), found their place in respiratory endoscopy suites. Development of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) improved minimally invasive mediastinal staging and diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. Linear EBUS proven to be complementary to mediastinoscopy. This technique is now available in almost all high volume centers performing bronchoscopy. Radial EBUS with mini-probes and guiding sheaths provides accurate diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Combining EBUS guided procedures with rapid on site cytology (ROSE) increases diagnostic yield even more. Electromagnetic navigation technology (EMN) is also widely used for diagnosis of peripheral lesions. Future development will certainly lead to new improvements in technology and creation of new sophisticated tools for research in respiratory endoscopy. Broncho-microscopy, alveoloscopy, optical coherence tomography are some of the new research techniques emerging for rapid technological development.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia;
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaric
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stojsic
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sarcev
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carapic
authors.forename: Branislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.forename: Kaid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darwiche
authors.forename: Kosmas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsakiridis
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karapantzos
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kesisis
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kougioumtzi
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machairiotis
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stylianaki
authors.forename: Christophoros N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Foroulis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
keywords: Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB); endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS); interventional bronchoscopy; narrow band imagning (NBI)