title: Dysfunction of orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices in children and adolescents with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several lines of evidence suggest that dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) contributes to the pathophysiology of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). The purpose of this study was to investigate neuropsychological dysfunctions in both the DLPFC and OFC of children and adolescents with high-functioning PDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Iowa gambling task (IGT), which reflects OFC function, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), which reflects DLPFC function, were assigned to 19 children and early adolescents with high-functioning PDD and 19 healthy controls matched for gender, age, and intelligence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy controls, patients with high-functioning PDD displayed poorer performance on the IGT and the WCST.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that both the DLPFC and OFC could be impaired in children and early adolescents with high-functioning PDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan. pah00652@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oiji
authors.forename: Daimei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasayama
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwadare
authors.forename: Hirokage
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Kyota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito