title: Magnetic separation of heavy metal ions and evaluation based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: copper(II) ions as a case study.
abstract: A new approach was developed for the magnetic separation of copper(II) ions with easy operation and high efficiency. p-Mercaptobenzoic acid served as the modified tag of Fe2O3@Au nanoparticles both for the chelation ligand and Raman reporter. Through the chelation between the copper(II) ions and carboxyl groups on the gold shell, the Fe2O3@Au nanoparticles aggregated to form networks that were enriched and separated from the solution by a magnet. A significant decrease in the concentration of copper(II) ions in the supernatant solution was observed. An extremely sensitive method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was employed to detect free copper(II) ions that remained after the magnetic separation, and thus to evaluate the separation efficiency. The results indicated the intensities of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy bands from p-mercaptobenzoic acid were dependent on the concentration of copper(II) ions, and the concentration was decreased by several orders of magnitude after the magnetic separation. The present protocol effectively decreased the total amount of heavy metal ions in the solution. This approach opens a potential application in the magnetic separation and highly sensitive detection of heavy metal ions.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xue-Jiao
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ya-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: San-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Min-Min
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ren'ao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jian-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007477:Ions / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D007477:Ions; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C013594:4-mercaptobenzoate; D003300:Copper
keywords: Copper; Heavy metal ions; Iron oxide gold nanoparticles; Magnetic separation; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy