title: Cognitive decline in short and long sleepers: a prospective population-based study (NEDICES).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not clear whether cognitive decline progresses more quickly in long sleepers than in short sleepers or than in participants with usual sleep duration. We assessed cognitive decline as a function of self-reported sleep duration in a prospective population-based cohort (NEDICES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were evaluated at baseline and 3 years later. Baseline demographic variables were recorded and participants indicated their daily sleep usual duration as the sum of nighttime sleep and daytime napping. The average daily total usual sleep duration was grouped into three categories: ≤ 5 h (short sleepers), 6-8 h (reference category), and ≥ 9 h (long sleepers). At baseline and at follow-up, a 37-item version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (37-MMSE) was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final sample, 2715 participants (72.9 ± 6.1 years), comprised 298 (11%) short sleepers, 1086 (40%) long sleepers, and 1331 (49%) in the reference group (6-8 h). During the three year follow-up period, the 37-MMSE declined by 0.5 ± 4.0 points in short sleepers, 0.6 ± 4.3 points in long sleepers, and 0.2 ± 3.8 points in the reference group (p = 0.08). The difference between short sleepers and the reference group was not significant (p = 0.142); however, the difference between long sleepers and the reference group was significant (p = 0.040). In analyses adjusted for baseline age and other potential confounders, this difference remained robust.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, cognitive test scores among long sleepers declined more rapidly than observed in a reference group. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jbenitol@meditex.es.
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benito-León
authors.forename: Elan D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bermejo-Pareja
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018672:Community Health Planning; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cognitive function; Elderly; Epidemiology; Population-based study; Sleep duration