title: Integrated glycoproteomics demonstrates fucosylated serum paraoxonase 1 alterations in small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive type of lung cancer, and the detection of SCLCs at an early stage is necessary for successful therapy and for improving cancer survival rates. Fucosylation is one of the most common glycosylation-based modifications. Increased levels of fucosylation have been reported in a number of pathological conditions, including cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate the aberrant and selective fucosylated glycoproteins in the sera of patients with SCLC. Fucosylated glycoproteins were enriched by the Aleuria aurantia lectin column after serum albumin and IgG depletion. In a narrowed down and comparative data analysis of both label-free proteomics and isobaric peptide-tagging chemistry iTRAQ approaches, the fucosylated glycoproteins were identified as up- or down-regulated in the sera of limited disease and extensive disease stage patients with SCLC. Verification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry to select reliable markers. Four fucosylated proteins, APCS, C9, SERPINA4, and PON1, were selected and subsequently validated by hybrid A. aurantia lectin ELISA (HLE) and Western blotting. Compared with Western blotting, the HLE analysis of these four proteins produced more optimal diagnostic values for SCLC. The PON1 protein levels were significantly reduced in the sera of patients with SCLC, whereas the fucosylation levels of PON1 were significantly increased. Fucosylated PON1 exhibited an area under curve of 0.91 for the extensive disease stage by HLE, whereas the PON1 protein levels produced an area under curve of 0.82 by Western blot. The glycan structural analysis of PON1 by MS/MS identified a biantennary fucosylated glycan modification consisting of a core + 2HexNAc + 1Fuc at increased levels in the sera of patients with SCLC. In addition, the PON1 levels were decreased in the sera of the Lewis lung carcinoma lung cancer mouse model that we examined. Our data suggest that fucosylated protein biomarkers, such as PON1, and their fucosylation levels and patterns can serve as diagnostic and prognostic serological markers for SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, BK21 and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul;
authors.forename: Jung-Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Yeon-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Byung-Gyu
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Suk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cheolju
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hae-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bum-Jin
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Gee
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Je-Yoel
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins; C064549:lectin, Aleuria aurantia; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase