title: Regulatory myeloid cells in transplantation.
abstract: Regulatory myeloid cells (RMC) are emerging as novel targets for immunosuppressive (IS) agents and hold considerable promise as cellular therapeutic agents. Herein, we discuss the ability of regulatory macrophages, regulatory dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to regulate alloimmunity, their potential as cellular therapeutic agents, and the IS agents that target their function. We consider protocols for the generation of RMC and the selection of donor- or recipient-derived cells for adoptive cell therapy. Additionally, the issues of cell trafficking and antigen (Ag) specificity after RMC transfer are discussed. Improved understanding of the immunobiology of these cells has increased the possibility of moving RMC into the clinic to reduce the burden of current IS agents and to promote Ag-specific tolerance. In the second half of this review, we discuss the influence of established and experimental IS agents on myeloid cell populations. IS agents believed historically to act primarily on T cell activation and proliferation are emerging as important regulators of RMC function. Better insights into the influence of IS agents on RMC will enhance our ability to develop cell therapy protocols to promote the function of these cells. Moreover, novel IS agents may be designed to target RMC in situ to promote Ag-specific immune regulation in transplantation and to usher in a new era of immune modulation exploiting cells of myeloid origin.
authors.affiliation: 1 Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. 2 Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. 3 Address correspondence to: Angus W. Thomson, Ph.D., D.Sc., Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, 200 Lothrop Street, Biomedical Science Tower W1540, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rosborough
authors.forename: Dàlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raïch-Regué
authors.forename: Heth R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Turnquist
authors.forename: Angus W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D051381:Rats; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents