title: Surgical approaches of endobronchial neoplasms.
abstract: Endobronchial tumors are a rare entity that presents with different pathological findings. The interventional pulmonologist, but also the thoracic surgeon have at their disposal the same techniques for diagnosis, however; the two modalities differentiate in the treatment approach. Diagnosis evaluation should include lymph node evaluation. Minimal invasive techniques under local or general anesthesia are usually preferred by the interventional pulmonologists, whereas in the surgical approach of the thoracic surgeons the general anesthesia is necessary. A more extensive surgical approach either lobotomy or pneumonectomy should be performed in cases with positive intrapulmonary lymph nodes. Carinal reconstruction should be performed skillfully to get a negative proximal margin whenever needed. In the current manuscript we will present the methods of patient evaluation and surgical techniques for the management of these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic & Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kougioumtzi
authors.forename: Kaid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darwiche
authors.forename: Kosmas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsakiridis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsikogiannis
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stylianaki
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kesisis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machairiotis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
keywords: Endobronchial tumor; local treatment; lung cancer