title: Molecular analysis of endocrine disruption in hornyhead turbot at wastewater outfalls in southern california using a second generation multi-species microarray.
abstract: Sentinel fish hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthysverticalis) captured near wastewater outfalls are used for monitoring exposure to industrial and agricultural chemicals of ~ 20 million people living in coastal Southern California. Although analyses of hormones in blood and organ morphology and histology are useful for assessing contaminant exposure, there is a need for quantitative and sensitive molecular measurements, since contaminants of emerging concern are known to produce subtle effects. We developed a second generation multi-species microarray with expanded content and sensitivity to investigate endocrine disruption in turbot captured near wastewater outfalls in San Diego, Orange County and Los Angeles California. Analysis of expression of genes involved in hormone [e.g., estrogen, androgen, thyroid] responses and xenobiotic metabolism in turbot livers was correlated with a series of phenotypic end points. Molecular analyses of turbot livers uncovered altered expression of vitellogenin and zona pellucida protein, indicating exposure to one or more estrogenic chemicals, as well as, alterations in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A, CYP3A and glutathione S-transferase-α indicating induction of the detoxification response. Molecular responses indicative of exposure to endocrine disruptors were observed in field-caught hornyhead turbot captured in Southern California demonstrating the utility of molecular methods for monitoring environmental chemicals in wastewater outfalls. Moreover, this approach can be adapted to monitor other sites for contaminants of emerging concern in other fish species for which there are few available gene sequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Doris E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vidal-Dorsch
authors.forename: Cataldo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ribecco
authors.forename: L James
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angert
authors.forename: Narimene
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lekmine
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ludka
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gully
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlenk
authors.forename: Oliana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carnevali
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Šášik
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hardiman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002140:California; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D006728:Hormones; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014819:Vitellogenins; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015262:Xenobiotics; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha