title: Outcomes after anterior or complete corpus callosotomy in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corpus callosotomy (CC) is a valuable palliative surgical option for children with medically refractory epilepsy due to generalized or multifocal cortical seizure onset.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent of CC resulting in optimal seizure control in a pediatric patient population and to evaluate the modification of seizure profile after various CC approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 58 children (3-22 years of age at the time of surgery) with medically refractory epilepsy who underwent CC between 1995 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior two thirds callosotomy resulted in resolution of absence (P = .03) and astatic (P = .03) seizures, whereas anterior two thirds callosotomy followed by second-stage completion resulted in resolution of generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) (P = .03), astatic (P = .005), and myoclonic (P = .03) seizures in addition to a trend toward resolution of absence seizures (P = .08). Single-stage upfront complete callosotomy resulted in resolution of absence (P = .002), astatic (P < .0001), myoclonic (P = .007), and complex partial (P = .008) seizures in addition to a trend toward resolution of GTC (P = .06). In comparing a composite of subjects who underwent anterior two thirds callosotomy alone or 2-stage complete callosotomy before the second stage to complete the callosotomy with subjects who underwent upfront complete CC, a more favorable outcome was found in those with the upfront complete CC (P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-stage upfront complete callosotomy is effective in relieving a broader spectrum of seizure types than anterior two thirds callosotomy or 2-stage complete callosotomy in children. The advantages of single-stage complete callosotomy must be weighed against the potentially higher risk of neurological and operative complications.
authors.affiliation: *Neural Engineering Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Departments of ‡Neurological Surgery, and §Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; ¶Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Aimen S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kasasbeh
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steger-May
authors.forename: Laleh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jalilian
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Limbrick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000601:surgery*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D050812:Split-Brain Procedure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult