title: Dipeptide repeat protein pathology in C9ORF72 mutation cases: clinico-pathological correlations.
abstract: Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia and motor neuron disease. Recently, unconventional non-ATG translation of the expanded hexanucleotide repeat, resulting in the production and aggregation of dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins (poly-GA, -GR and GP), was identified as a potential pathomechanism of C9ORF72 mutations. Besides accumulation of DPR proteins, the second neuropathological hallmark lesion in C9ORF72 mutation cases is the accumulation of TDP-43. In this study, we characterized novel monoclonal antibodies against poly-GA and performed a detailed analysis of the neuroanatomical distribution of DPR and TDP-43 pathology in a cohort of 35 cases with the C9ORF72 mutation that included a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. We found the pattern of DPR pathology to be highly consistent among cases regardless of the phenotype with high DPR load in the cerebellum, all neocortical regions (frontal, motor cortex and occipital) and hippocampus, moderate pathology in subcortical areas and minimal pathology in lower motor neurons. No correlation between DPR pathology and the degree of neurodegeneration was observed, while a good association between TDP-43 pathology with clinical phenotype and degeneration in key anatomical regions was present. Our data confirm that the presence of DPR pathology is intimately related to C9ORF72 mutations. The observed dissociation between DPR inclusion body load and neurodegeneration might suggest inclusion body formation as a potentially protective response to cope with soluble toxic DPR species. Moreover, our data imply that alterations due to the C9ORF72 mutation resulting in TDP-43 accumulation and dysmetabolism as secondary downstream effects likely play a central role in the neurodegenerative process in C9ORF72 pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arzberger
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kremmer
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Troost
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzl
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Shih-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haass
authors.forename: Hans A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kretzschmar
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edbauer
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neumann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000073885:C9orf72 Protein; D042622:DNA Repeat Expansion; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000073885:C9orf72 Protein; C568651:C9orf72 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011506:Proteins