title: Isometric torso muscle endurance profiles in adolescents aged 15-18: normative values for age and gender differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish normative values for torso muscle endurance in adolescents aged 15-18 years. It was hypothesized that torso endurance profiles of adolescents differs between males and females and between adolescents and adults.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Decreased torso muscle endurance has been identified as a potential personal risk factor for low back pain development in both adolescents and later years together with being detrimental for athletic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of torso muscle endurance, established through four tests performed in random order in a healthy adolescent population.
  
  
  METHODS
  High school in Novi Sad, Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ninety-four adolescents from one high school (178 males and 116 females) were grouped into four age strata. Selected isometric torso muscle endurance tests were: Biering-Sørensen test for extensor endurance; Flexor endurance test; right and left Side Bridge tests. The mean, ratio, standard deviation and 25th, 50th and 75th percentile scores were determined for each gender/age strata.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Males had higher lateral torso endurance than females. Adolescents in general demonstrate their peak lifetime endurance as they appear more endurable than children and comparable adult groups. These data of endurance times, their ratios and percentiles in healthy normal subjects form a database bridging existing data for children and adults that may be useful for guiding training and rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomedical Science, State University of Novi Pazar, Study program for Sport and Physical Education , Republic of Serbia and.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dejanovic
authors.forename: Edward D J
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Cambridge
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055771:Serbia; D012737:Sex Factors; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*