title: Synergetic decolorization of reactive blue 13 by zero-valent iron and anaerobic sludge.
abstract: Efficient decolorization of reactive blue 13 was achieved by a combined use of anaerobic sludge and zero-valent iron (ZVI), and the underlying mechanism of this process was elucidated, Addition of 1.0 g/L ZVI into sludge accelerated the decolorization, with the decoloration ratio after 1-h treatment increased by 29.4% compared with the sum of the individual systems, indicating a synergy between the sludge and ZVI. Meanwhile, substantial changes in sludge morphology and microbial community were observed. The increased dye removal by ZVI was mainly attributed to: (1) a directly chemical reduction and aggregation; and (2) creation of a more favorable pH and anaerobic environment for microorganisms. The acid production by acidogens also partially offset the pH rise in ZVI corrosion and would alleviate ZVI deactivation. This work might offer valuable implications for the optimization and practical application of ZVI-anaerobic sludge processes for treatment of azo dyes or other recalcitrant pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-Bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ya-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hou-Qi
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D054712:Salinity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; C000588777:reactive blue 13; D007501:Iron
keywords: Anaerobic sludge; Reactive blue 13 (RB-13); Synergetic decolorization; Zero-valent iron (ZVI); pH buffering