title: The apolipoprotein B concentration in gingival crevicular fluid increases in patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral health conditions have a significant relationship with diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as dyslipidemia. In this study, we investigated the levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  GCF and blood samples from 18 DM patients and 18 healthy subjects were examined. GCF was collected with paper points without inflicting any harm. The apoB and oxLDL levels were measured by sandwich ELISA assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of teeth with a deep probing pocket depth and the number of teeth with bleeding on probing, two typical periodontal parameters, correlated with the DM parameters, such as hemoglobin A1c. The GCF volume and the concentrations of protein, apoB and oxLDL in GCF were significantly higher in the DM patients than in the healthy subjects. In particular, the apoB concentration in GCF was increased 6-fold in the DM patients. The GCF apoB concentration correlated well with the DM parameters in plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCF could be a clinical source for examining not only the oral status of patients, but also certain systemic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obama
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan. Electronic address: h-itabe@pharm.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Matsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein
keywords: Apolipoprotein B; BMI; BOP; CM; DM; Diabetes mellitus; ELISA; GA; GCF; Gingival crevicular fluid; HDL-C; HbA1c; LDL-C; MDA-LDL; NGSP; National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; Oxidized LDL; PPD; ROC; TG; VLDL; apoB; apolipoprotein B; bleeding on probing; body mass index; chylomicron; diabetes mellitus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; gingival crevicular fluid; glycoalbumin; hemoglobin A1c; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; mAb; malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein; monoclonal antibody; oxLDL; oxidized low-density lipoprotein; pAb; polyclonal antibody; probing pocket depth; receiver operating characteristics; triacylglycerol; very low-density lipoprotein