title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunization for the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in ovariectomized bitches.
abstract: We have investigated GnRH immunization for the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in ovariectomized bitches. It has been reported that decreasing LH secretion through the use of GnRH agonists temporarily restores continence in some bitches. Therefore, decreasing the circulating LH concentrations by immunizing against GnRH might temporarily maintain continence in incontinent dogs. Sixteen incontinent dogs given phenylpropanolamine (PPA) to control incontinence were recruited for this study. Eleven dogs were immunized against GnRH (novel treatment group) at week 0, and nine dogs were vaccinated again 4 weeks later. Five dogs (standard treatment group) were vaccinated with a placebo twice at 4-week intervals. PPA was discontinued in the novel treatment group 2 weeks after revaccination, and standard-treatment dogs were given PPA for the duration of the study. Blood samples were collected before each treatment and at 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks and owners recorded episodes of incontinence throughout the study. Ten of the eleven dogs in the novel treatment group experienced side effects as a result of vaccination; two of these dogs experienced more severe side effects after the first vaccination and were withdrawn from the study as a result. Of the nine dogs that completed the vaccination series, four dogs remained continent after PPA was discontinued. For these four dogs, there was no difference in incontinent episodes when they were given PPA versus treatment with the vaccine. All nine novel-treatment dogs developed a GnRH antibody titer and experienced a significant decrease in circulating LH concentrations. In conclusion, GnRH immunization was effective in maintaining continence in four of the nine incontinent ovariectomized dogs, and in these dogs, treatment with the vaccine was comparable with treatment with PPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Electronic address: michelle.kutzler@oregonstate.edu.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kutzler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007167:Immunotherapy; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine
keywords: Dog; GnRH immunization; Luteinizing hormone; Phenylpropanolamine; Urinary incontinence