title: Search and rescue in the Intermountain West states.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimal data exist regarding the activity, membership, training, and medical oversight of search and rescue (SAR) teams.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to describe these characteristics in the Intermountain West SAR organizations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A contact list was generated and electronic surveys were sent to SAR officials in each Intermountain West county. Results were descriptively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the contacted jurisdictions, 56% (156) responded to the survey. The annual average call volume was 29 missions (range, 5 to 152). Multiple levels of medical training were represented on SAR teams, ranging from first aid/cardiopulmonary resuscitation providers to the physician level, and 79% of teams provided some medical training to their membership. Of the SAR medical professionals, 23% had formal wilderness medical training. Local emergency medical services provided 60% of the medical care on SAR missions rather than SAR personnel. Formal physician medical oversight was present in 41% of the SAR teams. These physicians participated in a range of SAR activities including medical protocol drafting (including expanded scope of practice), medical trainings, mission participation, medical consultation, and prescribing medications for field use. The majority (69%) of those physicians were trained in emergency medicine, and 45% of the active medical directors had protocols allowing for an expanded scope of practice due to the remote nature of SAR medical care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermountain West SAR teams vary in their activity, composition, training, and level of medical oversight. This study confirms that opportunities exist for physician integration with SAR teams in the studied states and likely throughout the United States.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. Electronic address: katie.russell@hsc.utah.edu.
authors.forename: Katie W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Scheele
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Kanaan
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Albert R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D060731:Emergency Responders / Q000193:education; D019550:Environmental Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015205:Northwestern United States; D015206:Southwestern United States; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055814:Wilderness; D055813:Wilderness Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: SAR; expanded scope of practice; medical direction; remote; search and rescue