title: The effects of glucose and lipids in steatotic and non-steatotic livers in conditions of partial hepatectomy under ischaemia-reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Steatosis is a risk factor in partial hepatectomy (PH) under ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R), which is commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding. Nutritional support strategies, as well as the role of peripheral adipose tissue as energy source for liver regeneration, remain poorly investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the administration of either glucose or a lipid emulsion could protect steatotic and non-steatotic livers against damage and regenerative failure in an experimental model of PH under I/R. The relevance of peripheral adipose tissue in liver regeneration following surgery is studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steatotic and non-steatotic rat livers were subjected to surgery and the effects of either glucose or lipid treatment on damage and regeneration, and part of the underlying mechanisms, were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In non-steatotic livers, treatment with lipids or glucose provided the same protection against damage, regeneration failure and ATP drop. Adipose tissue was not required to regenerate non-steatotic livers. In the presence of hepatic steatosis, lipid treatment, but not glucose, protected against damage and regenerative failure by induction of cell cycle, maintenance of ATP levels and elevation of sphingosine-1-phosphate/ceramide ratio and phospholipid levels. Peripheral adipose tissue was required for regenerating the steatotic liver but it was not used as an energy source.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipid treatment in non-steatotic livers provides the same protection as that afforded by glucose in conditions of PH under I/R, whereas the treatment with lipids is preferable to reduce the injurious effects of liver surgery in the presence of steatosis.
authors.affiliation: Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendes-Braz
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elias-Miró
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kleuser
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fayyaz
authors.forename: Mónica B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Castro
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massip-Salcedo
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gracia-Sancho
authors.forename: Fernando S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Ramalho
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodes
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peralta
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002518:Ceramides; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015424:Reperfusion; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D008055:Lipids; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005947:Glucose; D013110:Sphingosine
keywords: hepatic steatosis; ischaemia; liver surgery; regeneration; resection