title: Targeted social mobilization in a global manhunt.
abstract: Social mobilization, the ability to mobilize large numbers of people via social networks to achieve highly distributed tasks, has received significant attention in recent times. This growing capability, facilitated by modern communication technology, is highly relevant to endeavors which require the search for individuals that possess rare information or skills, such as finding medical doctors during disasters, or searching for missing people. An open question remains, as to whether in time-critical situations, people are able to recruit in a targeted manner, or whether they resort to so-called blind search, recruiting as many acquaintances as possible via broadcast communication. To explore this question, we examine data from our recent success in the U.S. State Department's Tag Challenge, which required locating and photographing 5 target persons in 5 different cities in the United States and Europe - in under 12 hours - based only on a single mug-shot. We find that people are able to consistently route information in a targeted fashion even under increasing time pressure. We derive an analytical model for social-media fueled global mobilization and use it to quantify the extent to which people were targeting their peers during recruitment. Our model estimates that approximately 1 in 3 messages were of targeted fashion during the most time-sensitive period of the challenge. This is a novel observation at such short temporal scales, and calls for opportunities for devising viral incentive schemes that provide distance or time-sensitive rewards to approach the target geography more rapidly. This observation of '12 hours of separation' between individuals has applications in multiple areas from emergency preparedness, to political mobilization.
authors.affiliation: Computing and Information Science, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cebrian
authors.forename: Iyad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rahwan
authors.forename: Sohan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dsouza
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McInerney
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Naroditskiy
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venanzi
authors.forename: Nicholas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: deLara
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wahlstedt
authors.forename: Steven U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010560:Personnel Selection / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D060756:Social Networking; D013997:Time Factors