title: In vivo T cell activation induces the formation of CD209(+) PDL-2(+) dendritic cells.
abstract: Two critical functions of dendritic cells (DC) are to activate and functionally polarize T cells. Activated T cells can, in turn, influence DC maturation, although their effect on de novo DC development is poorly understood. Here we report that activation of T cells in mice, with either an anti-CD3 antibody or super antigen, drives the rapid formation of CD209(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(+) MHC II(+) DC from monocytic precursors (Mo-DC). GM-CSF is produced by T cells following activation, but surprisingly, it is not required for the formation of CD209(+) Mo-DC. CD40L, however, is critical for the full induction of Mo-DC following T cell activation. T cell induced CD209(+) Mo-DC are comparable to conventional CD209(-) DC in their ability to stimulate T cell proliferation. However, in contrast to conventional CD209(-) DC, CD209(+) Mo-DC fail to effectively polarize T cells, as indicated by a paucity of T cell cytokine production. The inability of CD209(+) Mo-DC to polarize T cells is partly explained by increased expression of PDL-2, since blockade of this molecule restores some polarizing capacity to the Mo-DC. These findings expand the range of signals capable of driving Mo-DC differentiation in vivo beyond exogenous microbial factors to include endogenous factors produced following T cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine (Blood Center), Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kenkel
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Suhoski
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Edgar G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Engleman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
chemical_list: D023201:CD40 Ligand; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin