title: Does enteral protein intake affect renal glomerular and tubular functions in very low birth weight infants?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very low birth weight infants require 3 - 4 g/kg/day protein intake to provide satisfactory postnata growth rates and neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, they have fewer functional nephrons, thereby increasing vulnerability for impaired renal functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of enteral protein intake during the fortification of human milk on renal glomerular and tubular functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants were randomized into three groups in terms of their daily protein intake: standard fortification (3 g/kg/d), moderate fortification (3.3 g/kg/d), and aggressive fortification (3.6 g/kg/d). Serum urea, creatinine (Cr), Cystatin C (Cys-C) and urinary β2 microglobulin (β2M) levels were assessed and compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum urea, Cr, Cys-C and urinary β2M levels were similar in all three groups, both on discharge and postnatal Day 14 (p > 0.05). Mean Cr and β2M levels were significantly lower on discharge (p < 0.05), while Cys-C levels did not differ in time (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral protein intake up to 3.6 g/kg/d did not alter the tubular and glomerular functions in very preterm infants. However, the long-term renal effects in these infants maintained on a high protein intake remain unknown and should be addressed in future studies.
authors.forename: Hayriye Gozde
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kanmaz
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mutlu
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdeve
authors.forename: Fuat Emre
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Canpolat
authors.forename: Serife Suna
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uras
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dilmen
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000502:physiology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000502:physiology*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D003404:Creatinine