title: Lead exposure is a risk for worsening bone mineral density in middle-aged male workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lead exposure linked to osteoporosis in women. However, there is no direct evidence whether lead exposure has effects on bone metabolism in middle-aged male subjects. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between bone mineral densitometry measurements, bone markers, endocrine hormones and blood lead levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study included lead exposure patients (n: 30) and control subjects (n: 32). We recorded information on patient demographics and risk factors of osteoporosis. Blood lead levels were evaluated using Varian AA 240Z atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone mineral density measurements were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each lumbar T and Z scores in the lead exposure group were lower than the control group. There were no significant differences in femur neck and femur total T and Z scores between two groups. Blood lead levels were also negatively correlated with lumbar 2-4 T score, total lumbar T score, lumbar 2-4 Z score and total lumbar Z score. Urinary hydroxyproline and urinary deoxypyridinoline levels in the lead exposure group were significantly higher compared to controls. Blood lead levels were strong, positively correlated with urinary deoxypyridinoline. Endocrine hormone levels and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 levels were comparable between lead exposure and control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lead exposure in male workers is an important factor for deterioration in bone mineral density. We should be screening blood lead levels and history of lead exposure in male osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey and.
authors.forename: Ayla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbal
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tutkun
authors.forename: Hınç
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007854:Lead
keywords: Bone formation; bone mineral density; bone resorption; endocrine factors; lead exposure