title: Gadd45 in stress signaling, cell cycle control, and apoptosis.
abstract: The first identified Gadd45 gene, Gadd45a, encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. This protein and the other two members of this small gene family, Gadd45b and Gadd45g, have been implicated in a variety of the responses to cell injury including cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and DNA repair. In vivo, many of the prominent roles for the Gadd45 proteins are associated with signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Gadd45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell-type-specific differences in the roles for Gadd45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, Gadd45a has been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, Gadd45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, (CNB-CSIC) Lab 417, c/Darwin n 3, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brown-Clay
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fornace
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004247:DNA; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C439070:GADD45A protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins