title: Akt inhibition enhances the cytotoxic effect of apigenin in combination with PLX4032 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells harboring BRAFV600E.
abstract: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of apigenin in combination with BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4032 on cell survival, and to investigate the influence of Akt inhibition on the combined effect of apigenin and PLX4032 in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E. In 8505C and FRO cells harboring BRAFV600E, after treatment of apigenin and PLX4032, the cell viability decreased, and the percentage of dead cells increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, respectively. In apigenin- and PLX4032- treated cells, compared with apigenin alone-treated cells, the cell viability was lessened, and the percentage of dead cells was multiplied. In the addition of PLX4032 to apigenin, compared with the treatment of apigenin alone, the protein levels of cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were elevated, and phospho-ERK protein levels were reduced, and the protein levels of total ERK, c-Myc, BRAF, phospho-Akt, phospho-p70S6K and phospho-4EBP1 were not varied. Compared with the treatment of PLX4032 alone, phosphop70S6K protein levels were reduced, and the other protein levels were not altered. Phospho-ERK protein levels were reduced only in 8505C cells. Under the co-treatment of apigenin and PLX4032, administration of the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin further decreased the cell viability, and increased the percentage of dead cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that PLX4032 augments apigenin-induced cytotoxicity in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E. Moreover, Akt suppression potentiates the combined effect of apigenin and PLX4032 in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-704, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ihm
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065646:Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077484:Vemurafenib; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D007211:Indoles; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077484:Vemurafenib; D047310:Apigenin; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D053148:Caspase 3; D000077191:Wortmannin