title: Application of melt granulation technology to enhance tabletting properties of poorly compactible high-dose drugs.
abstract: Using metformin HCl as the model drug and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as the polymeric excipient, a melt granulation (MG) process that employs a twin-screw extruder has been developed to enhance compactibility of poorly compactible high-dose drug substances. A high (90%) drug-load tablet formulation, containing 1025 mg of active pharmaceutical ingredients and 109 mg of excipients, was produced. Drug-polymer-powder mixtures were melt granulated at a temperature above glass transition of HPC (130°C) but below melting point of metformin HCl (224°C). MG was compared with modified wet granulation (WG) and solvent granulation (SG) processes. Under identical compression force, the hardness of tablets produced was MG>SG>WG and the friability was MG<SG<WG. The hardness of WG tablets was highly sensitive to moisture content both during compression and subsequent storage, and, although not to the same extent, the hardness of SG tablets was also affected by loss-on-drying levels. MG provided a robust manufacturing process with highest compactibility and lowest friability that were not sensitive to changes in atmospheric moisture level. The process can decrease tablet sizes of high-dose drugs and combination products by decreasing the need for relatively large amounts of excipients generally used to overcome physicochemical limitations of drug substances. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 100:1553-1565, 2011.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936. jay.lakshman@novartis.com.
authors.forename: Jay P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lakshman
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Madhav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasanthavada
authors.forename: Wei-Qin
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Yatindra M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Abu T M
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Serajuddin
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013607:Tablets; D014867:Water; D002482:Cellulose; D008687:Metformin; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose
keywords: extrusion; formulation; granulation; solid dosage form; tableting; water in solids