title: In vitro assessment of cytogenetic and oxidative effects of α-pinene.
abstract: α-Pinene (α-pinene), a bicyclic monoterpene, is present in the oils of many species of coniferous trees, most notably the pine, and is known for its diverse biological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant. However, there are limited data on the cytogenetic and antioxidant effects of α-pinene in cultured human blood cells (n = 5) for the first time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic, oxidative, and cytotoxic effects of α-pinene in cultured human blood cells (n = 5) for the first time. Human blood cells were treated with α-pinene (0 to 200 mg/L) for 24 and 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, while DNA damage was also analyzed by micronucleus (MN) assay, chromosomal aberration (CA) assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS)) were examined to determine oxidative effects. The results of LDH and MTT assays showed that α-pinene (at 200 mg/L) decreased cell viability. In our in vitro test systems, it was observed that α-pinene did not cause any statistically important changes in the rates of studied genotoxicity endpoints but dose-dependent alterations were observed in TAC and TOS levels. α-Pinene treatment caused increases in TAC levels (at 25 and 50 mg/L) and decreases in TOS levels (only at 200 mg/L) on human lymphocytes. In conclusion, the findings of the present study confirm for the first time that α-pinene could be a significant source of natural antioxidant compound that may have beneficial health effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Türkez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey elanuraydinn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elanur
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydın
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C005451:alpha-pinene
keywords: Cytotoxicity; genotoxicity; human lymphocytes; oxidative effects; α-pinene