title: Clinician approach to diagnosis of stress fractures including bisphosphonate-associated fractures.
abstract: Stress fractures are repetitive strain injuries that occur in normal bones and in abnormal bones. Stress fractures share many features in common but differences depend on the status of the underlying bone. This review article for clinicians addresses aspects about stress fractures with particular respect to fatigue fractures, Looser zones of osteomalacia, atypical Looser zones, atypical femoral fractures associated with bisphosphonate therapy and stress fractures in Paget's disease of bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. mjmckenn@iol.ie.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heffernan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurson
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: McKiernan
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D010001:Osteitis Deformans / Q000150:complications; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates