title: Low radiation dose 256-MDCT angiography of the carotid arteries: effect of hybrid iterative reconstruction technique on noise, artifacts, and image quality.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of hybrid iterative reconstruction on qualitative and quantitative parameters at low dose carotid CTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  44 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. First group (n=22) was examined under 120 kV 250 mAs, second group (n = 22) - 100 kV 250 mAs. CT images in first group were reconstructed only with the filtered back projection (FBP). CT data in second group were reconstructed both with FBP and three levels of hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm (iDose). We compared quantitative and qualitative parameters among the two groups and among four different reconstructions in second group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effective dose in 120 kV and 100 kV group was 7.18 ± 1.19 mSv and 4.14 ± 1.03 mSv, respectively (p<0.0001). Mean arterial attenuation was about 25% higher in second group (236.5 ± 46 HU vs. 302.6 ± 32.7 HU; p<0.0001). Image noise at the level of humeral belt was 32.5 ± 12.5 in 100 kV group and 26.3 ± 13.3 in 120 kV (p = 0.115). Average noise decreased when using 3 levels of iDose up to 23.6 ± 6.4, 17.7 ± 5.6 and 13.7 ± 5.1, respectively (p = 0.00001). Mean CNR increased to 10.38 ± 3.87, 14.5 ± 5.21 and 18.32 ± 8.61, respectively (p<0.05). The presence of artifacts on the level of humeral belt in 120 kV group was 14%, in 100 kV - 41% (p = 0.002). The difference in visual scores between standard and low-dose protocol was significant (p = 0.008). When applying iterative reconstruction the frequency of streak artifacts decreased dramatically (p<0.0001). Most studies had excellent quality with no artifacts while using highest level of iDose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of our study low dose CT angiography using hybrid iterative reconstruction may provide sufficient image quality and allows for significant reduction of patient dose.
authors.affiliation: Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, B. Serpukhovskaya 27, 115093 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: evgenykondratiev@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Evgeny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kondratyev
authors.forename: Grigory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karmazanovsky
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D016477:Artifacts; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
keywords: Carotid arteries; Image reconstruction; Multidetector computed tomography; Radiation dosage