title: Implementing conventional Zamorano Dujovny frames versus individually manufactured microTargeting platforms--a comparative study on deep brain stimulation in Parkinson patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individually manufactured microTargeting™ platforms (MT) provide a novel generation of stereotactic systems based on preoperatively implanted bone markers and screws. The feasibility and reliability of these frames were evaluated for bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Surgical and clinical results were compared to conventional Zamorano Dujovny frames (ZD) in this prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six IPD patients undergoing surgery for DBS were divided into 2 groups. In group I, electrode implantation was accomplished using conventional ZD. Group II underwent electrode implantation using MT. Microrecording and macrostimulation were performed and surgery time was measured. The clinical outcome was determined using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III) and L-dopa-equivalent doses for a 12-month follow-up postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical evaluation confirmed comparable outcomes for both targeting procedures and electrode positioning. Surgical time was lower in group II than in group I. Significant improvements were determined for both groups in UPDRS III and L-dopa-equivalent dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both systems allow for reliable and safe neurosurgical procedures, yielding comparable clinical results. MT improved handling and automatic adjustment of frame coordinates. Surgery time was reduced markedly compared to conventional frames.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oehlwein
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strecker
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fritzsch
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meixensberger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome