title: Endovenous thermal ablation for healing venous ulcers and preventing recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of treatment for venous leg ulcers is compression therapy, which has been shown to enhance ulcer healing rates. Open surgery on the veins in the leg has been shown to reduce ulcer recurrence rates, but it is an unpopular option and many patients are unsuitable. The efficacy of the newer, minimally-invasive endovenous thermal techniques has been established in uncomplicated superficial venous disease, and these techniques are now beginning to be used in the management of venous ulceration, though the evidence for this treatment is currently unclear. It is hypothesised that, when used with compression, ablation may further reduce pressures in the leg veins, resulting in improved rates of healing. Furthermore, since long-term patient concordance with compression is relatively poor, it may prove more popular, effective and cost-effective to provide a single intervention to reduce recurrence, rather than life-long treatment with compression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of superficial endovenous thermal ablation on the healing, recurrence and quality of life of people with active or healed venous ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In August 2013 we searched Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE; and EBSCO CINAHL. There were no restrictions on the language of publication but there was a date restriction based on the fact that superficial endovenous thermal ablation is a comparatively new medical technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised clinical trials comparing endovenous thermal ablative techniques with compression therapy alone for venous leg ulcers were eligible for inclusion. Trials had to report on at least one objective measure of ulcer healing (primary outcome) such as proportion of ulcers healed at a given time point, time to complete healing, change in ulcer size, proportion of ulcers recurring over a given time period, or at a specific point, and ulcer-free days. Secondary outcomes sought included patient-reported quality of life, economic data and adverse events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Details of potentially eligible studies were extracted and summarised using a data extraction table. Data extraction and validity assessment were performed independently by two review authors, and any disagreements resolved by consensus or by arbitration of a third review author.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No eligible randomised controlled trials were identified. There is an absence of evidence regarding the effects of superficial endovenous thermal ablation on ulcer healing, recurrence or quality of life of people with venous leg ulcer disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review identified no randomised controlled trials on the effects on ulcer healing, recurrence or quality of life, of superficial endovenous thermal ablation in people with active or healed venous leg ulcers. Adequately-powered, high quality randomised controlled trials comparing endovenous thermal ablative interventions with compression therapy are urgently required to explore this new treatment strategy. These should measure and report outcomes that include time to ulcer healing, ulcer recurrence, quality of life and cost-effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Academic Vascular Surgical Unit, University of Hull/ Hull York Medical School, Vascular Surgical Dept, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull, East Yorkshire, UK, HU3 2JZ.
authors.forename: Nehemiah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carradice
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Chetter
mesh_terms: D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D053828:Stockings, Compression; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing