title: [Stem and progenitor cells in biostructure of blood vessel walls].
abstract: Development of vascular and hematopoietic systems during organogenesis occurs at the same time. During vasculogenesis, a small part of cells does not undergo complete differentiation but stays on this level, "anchored" in tissue structures described as stem cell niches. The presence of blood vessels within tissue stem cell niches is typical and led to identification of niches and ensures that they are functioning. The three-layer biostructure of vessel walls for artery and vein, tunica: intima, media and adventitia, for a long time was defined as a mechanical barrier between vessel light and the local tissue environment. Recent findings from vascular biology studies indicate that vessel walls are dynamic biostructures, which are equipped with stem and progenitor cells, described as vascular wall-resident stem cells/progenitor cells (VW-SC/PC). Distinct zones for vessel wall harbor heterogeneous subpopulations of VW-SC/PC, which are described as "subendothelial or vasculogenic zones". Recent evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies show that prenatal activity of stem and progenitor cells is not only limited to organogenesis but also exists in postnatal life, where it is responsible for vessel wall homeostasis, remodeling and regeneration. It is believed that VW-SC/PC could be engaged in progression of vascular disorders and development of neointima. We would like to summarize current knowledge about mesenchymal and progenitor stem cell phenotype with special attention to distribution and biological properties of VW-SC/PC in biostructures of intima, media and adventitia niches. It is postulated that in the near future, niches for VW-SC/PC could be a good source of stem and progenitor cells, especially in the context of vessel tissue bioengineering as a new alternative to traditional revascularization therapies.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Chirurgii Naczyniowej, Ogólnej i Transplantacyjnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Korta
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kupczyk
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skóra
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pupka
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zejler
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hołysz
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajda
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barć
authors.forename: Andrzej T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Dorobisz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dawiskiba
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szyber
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bar
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D058426:Neointima / Q000473:pathology; D038081:Organogenesis; D055153:Stem Cell Niche; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy