title: Polyamines reprogram oxidative and nitrosative status and the proteome of citrus plants exposed to salinity stress.
abstract: The interplay among polyamines (PAs) and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RNS and ROS) is emerging as a key issue in plant responses to salinity. To address this question, we analysed the impact of exogenous PAs [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm)] on the oxidative and nitrosative status in citrus plants exposed to salinity. PAs partially reversed the NaCl-induced phenotypic and physiological disturbances. The expression of PA biosynthesis (ADC, SAMDC, SPDS and SPMS) and catabolism (DAO and PAO) genes was systematically up-regulated by PAs. In addition, PAs altered the oxidative status in salt-stressed plants as inferred by changes in ROS production and redox status accompanied by regulation of transcript expression and activities of various antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, NaCl-induced up-regulation of NO-associated genes, such as NR, NADde, NOS-like and AOX, along with S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and nitrate reductase activities, was partially restored by PAs. Protein carbonylation and tyrosine nitration are depressed by specific PAs whereas protein S-nitrosylation was elicited by all PAs. Furthermore, we identified 271 S-nitrosylated proteins that were commonly or preferentially targeted by salinity and individual PAs. This work helps improve our knowledge on the plant's response to environmental challenge.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tanou
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ziogas
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belghazi
authors.forename: Anastasis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christou
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filippou
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Job
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fotopoulos
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molassiotis
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D002957:Citrus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015538:Nitrosation / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D054712:Salinity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D011073:Polyamines; D020543:Proteome; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C087006:formaldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione-independent
keywords: carbonylation; nitration; nitrosative stress; nitrosylation; oxidative stress; polyamines; protein oxidation; proteomics