title: Bacteriocin from Bacillus subtilis as a novel drug against diabetic foot ulcer bacterial pathogens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate and identify Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) from soil and to characterize and partially purify the bacteriocin. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity against four diabetic foot ulcer bacterial pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotypic identification was done based on Bergey's manual of systemic bacteriology. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Colonies were identified by colony morphology and biochemical characterization and also compared with MTCC 121 strain. Further identification was done by 16S rRNA sequencing. Inhibitory activities of partially purified bacteriocin on all the DFU isolates were done by agar well diffusion method. The strain was identified to produce bacteriocin by stab overlay assay. Bacteriocin was extracted by organic solvent extraction using chloroform, further purified by HPLC and physical, and chemical characterization was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four isolates showed high level of resistance to amoxyclav and sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. HPLC purification revealed that the extracts are bacteriocin. The phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that the isolate was 99% related to B. subtilis BSF01. The results reveled activity to all the four isolates and high level of activity was seen in case of Klebsiella sp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partially purified bacteriocin was found to have antimicrobial activity against the four diabetic foot ulcer bacterial pathogens, which can thus be applied as a better drug molecule on further studies. The strain B. subtilis are found to be safe for use and these antimicrobial peptides can be used as an antimicrobial in humans to treat DFU bacterial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: petercmiscientist@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Baby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Berlina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dhas
authors.forename: Vimalin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hena
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raj
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 16S rRNA; Antimicrobial activity; HPLC; Micrococcus leuteus; Physicochemical characterization