title: A prospective profile of visual field loss following stroke: prevalence, type, rehabilitation, and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To profile site of stroke/cerebrovascular accident, type and extent of field loss, treatment options, and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective multicentre cohort trial. Standardised referral and investigation protocol of visual parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  915 patients were recruited with a mean age of 69 years (SD 14). 479 patients (52%) had visual field loss. 51 patients (10%) had no visual symptoms. Almost half of symptomatic patients (n = 226) complained only of visual field loss: almost half (n = 226) also had reading difficulty, blurred vision, diplopia, and perceptual difficulties. 31% (n = 151) had visual field loss as their only visual impairment: 69% (n = 328) had low vision, eye movement deficits, or visual perceptual difficulties. Occipital and parietal lobe strokes most commonly caused visual field loss. Treatment options included visual search training, visual awareness, typoscopes, substitutive prisms, low vision aids, refraction, and occlusive patches. At followup 15 patients (7.5%) had full recovery, 78 (39%) had improvement, and 104 (52%) had no recovery. Two patients (1%) had further decline of visual field. Patients with visual field loss had lower quality of life scores than stroke patients without visual impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke survivors with visual field loss require assessment to accurately define type and extent of loss, diagnose coexistent visual impairments, and offer targeted treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research, Whelan Building, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Tallat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maan
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vogwell
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peel
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akerman
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dodridge
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shipman
authors.forename: Una
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sperring
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macdiarmid
authors.forename: Cicely
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014794:Visual Fields