title: Osteoporosis risk factors and early life-style modifications to decrease disease burden in women.
abstract: Prevention of osteoporosis should begin in childhood and continue throughout adulthood. Although genetic determinants of muscle and bone mass may offer other therapeutic options in the future, currently, counseling should primarily focus on lifestyle modification including healthy dietary practices and regular exercise. Vitamin supplementation, particularly vitamin D, should be considered to enhance diet based on patient's need. Attention to estrogen status is also important. In addition, patients should be counseled regularly about cigarette cessation and avoiding moderate alcohol intake.
authors.affiliation: New York University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nachtigall
authors.forename: Taraneh G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nazem
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nachtigall
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D017281:Cost of Illness; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D