title: A randomized trial of planned cesarean or vaginal delivery for twin pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twin birth is associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than singleton birth. It is unclear whether planned cesarean section results in a lower risk of adverse outcomes than planned vaginal delivery in twin pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned women between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation with twin pregnancy and with the first twin in the cephalic presentation to planned cesarean section or planned vaginal delivery with cesarean only if indicated. Elective delivery was planned between 37 weeks 5 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation. The primary outcome was a composite of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity, with the fetus or infant as the unit of analysis for the statistical comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1398 women (2795 fetuses) were randomly assigned to planned cesarean delivery and 1406 women (2812 fetuses) to planned vaginal delivery. The rate of cesarean delivery was 90.7% in the planned-cesarean-delivery group and 43.8% in the planned-vaginal-delivery group. Women in the planned-cesarean-delivery group delivered earlier than did those in the planned-vaginal-delivery group (mean number of days from randomization to delivery, 12.4 vs. 13.3; P=0.04). There was no significant difference in the composite primary outcome between the planned-cesarean-delivery group and the planned-vaginal-delivery group (2.2% and 1.9%, respectively; odds ratio with planned cesarean delivery, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.74; P=0.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In twin pregnancy between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation, with the first twin in the cephalic presentation, planned cesarean delivery did not significantly decrease or increase the risk of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity, as compared with planned vaginal delivery. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00187369; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN74420086.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. jon.barrett@sunnybrook.ca
authors.forename: Jon F R
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hannah
authors.forename: Eileen K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Willan
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: B Anthony
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Armson
authors.forename: Amiram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gafni
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Dalah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J Johanna
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Elizabeth V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Asztalos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000517:prevention & control; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D054238:Perinatal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D059285:Pregnancy, Twin; D013997:Time Factors