title: Electrocardiogram derived respiration from QRS slopes.
abstract: A method for estimation of respiratory rate from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, based on variations in slopes of QRS complexes, is presented. 12 standard leads, 3 leads from vectorcardiogram (VCG), and 2 additional non-standard leads derived from VCG loops were analysed. A total of 34 slope series were studied, 2 for each analysed lead: slopes between the peak of Q and R waves, and between the peak of R and S waves. Information of QRS slopes series was combined in order to increase the robustness of estimation. Evaluation is performed over a database containing ECG and respiratory signals simultaneously recorded in 17 subjects spontaneously breathing during a tilt table test. Respiratory rate estimation is performed with information of 4 different combinations of QRS slope series. The best results in respiratory rate estimation error terms are 0.72 ± 4.34%(0.46 ± 7.59 mHz). These results outperform those obtained with other known methods, motivating the use of QRS slopes to obtain reliable respiratory rate estimates.
authors.forename: Jesús Lázaro
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lazaro
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcaine
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laguna
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bailón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D018667:Tilt-Table Test