title: Validation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis-31 in Spanish postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis-31 (QUALEFFO-31) is a reliable and validated questionnaire that assesses quality of life in osteoporotic women. Our objective was to analyze the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of QUALEFFO-31 and its ability to discriminate between women with osteoporosis and women without osteoporosis in a Spanish postmenopausal population.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighteen women (aged 50-65 y) completed the Spanish version of QUALEFFO-31. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray densitometry. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were analyzed. Concurrent validity of QUALEFFO-31 was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient with the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). To determined responsiveness, we analyzed mean differences between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic women and performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Spanish version of QUALEFFO-31 has shown excellent test-retest reliability with a high intraclass correlation coefficient for all its domains, especially for the total score (0.988; P < 0.001), and good internal consistency with optimal Cronbach α values in all scales (0.70-0.90). In concurrent validity analysis, QUALEFFO-31 total score showed a high and negative correlation with several scales of the SF-36 (P < 0.001). In responsiveness analysis, significant differences in the pain (P = 0.002) and QUALEFFO-31 total score (P = 0.004) scales were found between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic women. No differences in areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were found between the QUALEFFO-31 and the SF-36 scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of QUALEFFO-31 has good internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test-retest reliability, with satisfactory general psychometric properties, and is a valid tool for discriminating between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic postmenopausal women aged 50 to 65 years.
authors.affiliation: From the 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; 2Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, and 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; 4Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, Podology, and Occupational Therapy, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; 5Department of Music, Plastical Expression, and Body Language, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain; and 6Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro José
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: González Matarín
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Amat
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lomas-Vega
authors.forename: Nicolás Mendoza Ladrón
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: de Guevara
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díaz-Mohedo
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez López
authors.forename: Ana Belén Padial
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hita-Contreras
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012372:ROC Curve; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires