title: Hepatoprotective role of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Linn. against carbon tetrachloride-induced injuries.
abstract: Nicotiana plumbignifolia (Linn) is used as folk medicine in the treatment of liver dysfunction in Pakistan. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective role of N. plumbignifolia methanolice extract (NPME) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative damage in liver of chicks. Methanolic extract of N. plumbignifolia was obtained and was further evaluated as a hepatoprotective agent against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in liver of chicks. For this study, 60-day-old 50 male chicks were divided into five groups. Chicks of group 1 (control) had free access to food and water. Group II received 1 mL/kg of CCl4 (30% in olive oil v/v) via the intraperitoneal route thrice a week for 4 weeks. Group III received 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of silymarin via gavage after 48 h of CCl4 treatment, whereas group IV were given 200 mg/kg b.w. NPME after 48 h of CCl4 treatment. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed by measuring the activities of the antioxidant enzymes: catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)). Serum was analyzed for various biochemical parameters. The results revealed that CCl4 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant decrease in the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, while an increase in the levels of TBARS in liver samples is compared with the control group. Serum levels lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was elevated while reducing high-density lipoprotein compared to controls. Cotreatment of NPME treatment reversed these alterations, which seems likely that NPME can protect the liver tissues against CCl4-mediated oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdus Saboor
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Rahmatgul_81@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rahmat Ali
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mushtaq
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nawshad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002645:Chickens; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010154:Pakistan; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D012838:Silymarin; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014280:Triglycerides; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase
keywords: CCl4; Hepatoprotective; Nicotiana plumbignifolia; oxidative stress; silymarin