title: Depleted TGF-β₁ levels in end stage renal disease patients from North India.
abstract: End stage renal disease is a clinical state that extends from chronic renal failure and is marked by an irreversible loss of renal function. TGF-β1 mediated renal fibrosis is a common pathology implicated in this form of kidney disease. In this study circulating protein and mRNA levels of TGF-β1 cytokine were investigated among ESRD patients and respective controls from North India. Physician diagnosed 192 ESRD patients, on hemodialysis, and 130 normal controls participated in the present study. TGF-β1 circulating levels were measured by ELISA and its expression was quantified using competitive-PCR. Mean TGF-β1 protein levels were 2.7-fold lower in ESRD patients as compared to normal controls (p<0.001). Additionally, TGF-β1 mRNA transcripts of this cytokine were also significantly lower in the diseased population compared to controls (p<0.001). These results imply that TGF-β1 has not played its anticipated pro-fibrotic role and anti-inflammatory function in the studied population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: akumar@icgeb.res.in.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, DAV College, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Electronic address: bio_vic@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Kidney Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Electronic address: drm_chaudhary@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Subsidiary Medical Center, Chawinda Kalan, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Electronic address: avrs_02@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Arvinder
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India. Electronic address: sehajpalpk@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Prabodh K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sehajpal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: ANOVA; C-PCR; Cytokine; ELISA; ESRD; Hemodialysis; PCR; TGF-β(1); analysis of variance; competitive polymerase chain reaction; end stage renal disease; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; mRNA; polymerase chain reaction; transforming growth factor beta 1