title: Characterization and Benzo[a]pyrene Content Analysis ofCamelliaSeed Oil Extracted by a Novel Subcritical Fluid Extraction.
abstract: A novel continuous subcriticaln-butane extraction technique forCamelliaseed oil was explored. The fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, and benzo[a]pyrene content ofCamelliaseed oil extracted using this subcritical technique were analyzed. Orthogonal experiment design (L9(34)) was adopted to optimize extraction conditions. At a temperature of 45 °C, a pressure of 0.5 MPa, a time of 50 min and a bulk density of 0.7 kg/L, an extraction yield of 99.12 ± 0.20 % was obtained. The major components ofCamelliaseed oil are oleic acid (73.12 ± 0.40 %), palmitic acid (10.38 ± 0.05 %), and linoleic acid (9.15 ± 0.03 %). Unsaturated fatty acids represent 83.78 ± 0.03 % of the total fatty acids present. Eight physicochemical indexes were assayed, namely, iodine value (83.00 ± 0.21 g I/100 g), saponification value (154.81 ± 2.00 mg KOH/g), freezing-point (-8.00 ± 0.10 °C), unsaponifiable matter (5.00 ± 0.40 g/kg), smoke point (215.00 ± 1.00 °C), acid value (1.24 ± 0.03 mg KOH/g), refrigeration test (transparent, at 0 °C for 5.5 h), and refractive index (1.46 ± 0.06, at 25 °C). Benzo[a]pyrene was not detected inCamelliaseed oil extracted by continuous subcriticaln-butane extraction. In comparison, the benzo[a]pyrene levels of crudeCamelliaseed oil extracted by hot press extraction and refinedCamelliaseed oil were measured at 26.55 ± 0.70 and 5.69 ± 0.04 μg/kg respectively.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China ; College of Ocean, Qinzhou University, Qinzhou, 535000 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianyin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Ruchun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xuexiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaosheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Xiujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
keywords: Benzo[a]pyrene; Camellia seed oil; Fatty acid composition; Physicochemical properties; Subcritical n-butane extraction