title: A young traveller presenting with typhoid fever after oral vaccination: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Typhoid fever is one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in travellers returning from tropical destinations. However, immunity and the immune response to infection are barely understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of tyhoid fever in a 29-year-old Caucasian, previously healthy woman who did not develop protective immunity or seroconversion of H or O antibodies neither after vaccination with the oral Ty21 vaccine, nor after infection with Salmonella typhi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case highlights the insufficiencies of the current vaccination and the lack of a reliable, rapid serologic diagnostic tool for typhoid fever. With this case report, we aim to sensitize the reader that typhoid fever has to be taken into account as a differential diagnosis in patients even after vaccination and with negative serological test results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. martin.grimm@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lübbert
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mössner
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weis