title: Fucosylated but not sialylated milk oligosaccharides diminish colon motor contractions.
abstract: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are being studied by different groups exploring a broad range of potential beneficial effects to the breastfed infant. Many of these effects have been attributed to a growth promotion effect on certain gut organisms such as bifidobacteria. Additionally, evidence indicates that HMO are able to directly promote positive changes in gut epithelium and immune responses under certain conditions. This study utilizes a standardized ex vivo murine colon preparation to examine the effects of sialylated, fucosylated and other HMO on gut motor contractions. Only the fucosylated molecules, 2'FL and 3'FL, decreased contractility in a concentration dependent fashion. On the basis of IC50 determinations 3'FL was greater than 2 times more effective than 2'FL. The HMO 3'SL and 6'SL, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) elicited no effects. Lactose was used as a negative control. Fucosylation seems to underlie this functional regulation of gut contractility by oligosaccharides, and L-fucose, while it was also capable of reducing contractility, was substantially less effective than 3'FL and 2'FL. These results suggest that specific HMO are unlikely to be having these effects via bifidogenesis, but though direct action on neuronally dependent gut migrating motor complexes is likely and fucosylation is important in providing this function, we cannot conclusively shown that this is not indirectly mediated. Furthermore they support the possibility that fucosylated sugars and fucose might be useful as therapeutic or preventative adjuncts in disorders of gut motility, and possibly also have beneficial central nervous system effects.
authors.affiliation: McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bienenstock
authors.forename: Rachael H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Hawley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forsythe
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stanisz
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kunze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005643:Fucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006031:Glycosylation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D005643:Fucose; D007785:Lactose