title: General practice-recorded depression and antidepressant use in young people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether young people with Type 1 diabetes have an increased rate of depression and antidepressant use and whether their risk varies by age group, time from diabetes diagnosis, calendar period of diagnosis or complications status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of incident cases of patients with Type 1 diabetes diagnosed before 35 years of age (n = 5548) was identified within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and individually age and sex matched with up to two control subjects without diabetes (n = 10 657). Patients with depression were identified through general practice-recorded depression codes and antidepressant prescriptions. Cox regression models gave hazard ratios for depression in people with Type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  People with Type 1 diabetes were twice as likely to have a record of antidepressant use and general practice-diagnosed depression as their matched control subjects (hazard ratio 2.08, 95% CI 1.73-2.50, P < 0.001). These associations varied by time from diagnosis, with marked increases observed within the first 5 years of diagnosis (hazard ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.51-3.03, P < 0.001), and by age at diabetes diagnosis, with excesses noted even in the 10- to 19-year age group (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.06-1.98, P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based study shows that people with Type 1 diabetes have higher rates of general practice-recorded depression and antidepressant use. The excess is present within 5 years of diabetes diagnosis, suggesting psychological input for patients is warranted in the early years of their condition.
authors.affiliation: UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health NI; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cardwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055991:Health Records, Personal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents