title: Short communication: HIV type 1 tropism determination in a novel dried blood spot membrane and the use of a mixture of outer nested polymerase chain reaction primers.
abstract: Genotropism was determined in 608 Brazilian samples collected in dried blood spots using Polyethersulfone collection cards. Patients were infected by subtype B (88.8%), F (5.6%), C (3.3%), A (1.8%), and G (0.5%). All patients were exposed to three classes of antiretrovirals, and 59.8% of the samples harbored R5 viruses, 35% non-R5-tropic viruses, and 5.1% harbored mixtures of R5 and non-R5-tropic viruses, with non-R5 more prevalent among clade B-infected patients as compared to non-B (42.8% versus 19.1%; p<0.0003). A strategy using a mixture of outer nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers reduced the number of negative PCR results from 39% to 19%.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratório Centro de Genomas , São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Shirlene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Muhammad Shoaib
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.forename: Alexanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samer
authors.forename: Cintia Vilhena
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: Ricardo Sobhie
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood / Q000821:virology*; D001938:Brazil; D003890:Desiccation; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008566:Membranes; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D056189:Viral Tropism