title: Effects of adding barium-borosilicate glass to a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive on radiopacity and selected properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the radiopacity, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), microhardness (KHN), degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) of experimental adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five experimental adhesives with different concentrations of barium-borosilicate oxide microfillers [0% (R0), 30% (R30), 40% (R40), 50% (R50), 60% (R60)] were formulated based on the adhesive system Ambar (FGM). The adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 (SB, 3M ESPE) was used as commercial reference. For the radiopacity (n = 5), KHN (n = 5), WS (n = 10), and SL (n = 10) tests, adhesive disks were constructed (5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm thick), while for UTS (n = 5), hourglass-shaped specimens with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm2 were used. The FTIR spectra of unpolymerized and polymerized adhesives were used to determine the DC. Data were submitted to a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All experimental adhesives showed radiopacity similar to enamel, except those of R0 and SB. Filler addition did not jeopardize the UTS, KHN, or WS of the filled adhesives in comparison with the unfilled version. Except for R40, filler addition reduced the SL. The filled adhesives showed lower DC when compared with R0, but the DC was similar or higher when compared with SB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of barium-borosilicate glass up to 50% did not jeopardize the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer and seems to reduce its solubility.
authors.forename: Gislaine Cristine
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Marcia Margarete
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Alessandro Dourado
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: João Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Osnara Maria
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000327:Adsorption; D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; D017609:Barium Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003287:Contrast Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019279:Resin Cements; D017640:Silicates; C415406:barium borosilicate; D014867:Water; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate