title: A history of fish vaccination: science-based disease prevention in aquaculture.
abstract: Disease prevention and control are crucial in order to maintain a sustainable aquaculture, both economically and environmentally. Prophylactic measures based on stimulation of the immune system of the fish have been an effective measure for achieving this goal. Immunoprophylaxis has become an important part in the successful development of the fish-farming industry. The first vaccine for aquaculture, a vaccine for prevention of yersiniosis in salmonid fish, was licensed in USA in 1976. Since then the use of vaccines has expanded to new countries and new species simultaneous with the growth of the aquaculture industry. This paper gives an overview of the achievements in fish vaccinology with particular emphasis on immunoprophylaxis as a practical tool for a successful development of bioproduction of aquatic animals.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, 0106 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: roar.gudding@vetinst.no.
authors.forename: Roar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gudding
authors.forename: Willem B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Van Muiswinkel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005399:Fishes; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D012487:Salmonidae; D014611:Vaccination / Q000266:history / Q000662:veterinary*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Fish vaccination; History; Pioneer