title: Pathways to late-life problematic gambling in seniors: a grounded theory approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a grounded theory on how older adults, who may not have previously experienced gambling issues, come to develop gambling problems in later life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through semistructured in-depth interviews with 31 adults aged 56-85, routes that led the current sample of older adults to develop late-life gambling problems were identified and mapped into coherent pathways using a constructivist grounded theory methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three main pathways to late-life problematic gambling were identified, all linked with a common theme of isolation: a grief pathway associated with unresolved losses; a habit pathway associated with habituation to gambling; and a dormant pathway marked by preexisting behavioral excess or impulsivity. Overall, unresolved losses and/or mismanagement of life's stresses were found to be the most significant predictors of late-life problematic gambling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As late-life problem gambling appears to predominantly signify late-life emotional distress and an attempt to deal with this distress using gambling as an escape, it is crucial for problem gambling prevention programs to raise awareness about the processes of loss and grief and provide ideas about constructive loss management. In addition, community-level recreational and social opportunities to combat isolation are identified.
authors.affiliation: Problem Gambling Research & Treatment Centre, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. connietira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tira
authors.affiliation: Problem Gambling Research & Treatment Centre, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Alun Conrad
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Excellence in Rural Sexual Health (CERSH), Rural Health Academic Centre, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jane Elizabeth
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomnay
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D066296:Grounded Theory; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012306:Risk; D012931:Social Environment
keywords: Late onset; Problem gambling; Risk correlates