title: Indenoindoles and cyclopentacarbazoles as bioactive compounds: synthesis and biological applications.
abstract: Indenoindoles and their isomers cyclopentacarbazoles represent a wide class of synthetic and natural compounds. The great interest of these structures in (bio)organic chemistry is due to the use of various building blocks to get the elemental four ring structure. Depending on the synthetic route chosen, the chemists can achieve a large number of regioisomers. Each regioisomer can be considered as a template for specific functionalizations. Therefore, this mini-review aims (i) to present an overview on how to access this large family of heterocyclic compounds and (ii) to discuss their various biological applications and drug development in oncology (e.g. kinases), in CNS disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease), in endocrinology (e.g. hormone replacement therapy) and oxidative stress (e.g. organ preservation). Past and present works will be presented through the systems 6-5-5-6 and 6-5-6-5 (combination of 6-membered and 5-membered rings).
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Pal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rongved
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Zouhair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bouaziz
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Borgne
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002227:Carbazoles; D007211:Indoles; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C057286:indenoindole; D010770:Phosphotransferases
keywords: Biological applications; CNS disorders; Cancer; Cardiovascular diseases; Chemical syntheses; Cyclopentacarbazoles; Diabetes; Indenoindoles; Oxidative stress