title: Synchronous simulation for deformation of liver and gallbladder with stretch and compression compensation.
abstract: One challenge in surgical simulation is to design stable deformable models to simulate the dynamics of organs synchronously. In this paper, we develop a novel mass-spring model on the tetrahedral meshes for soft organs such as the liver and gallbladder, which can stably deform with large time steps. We model the contact forces between the organs as a kind of forces generated by the tensions of repulsive springs connecting in between the organs. The simulation system couples a pair of constraints on the length of springs with an implicit integration method. Based on the novel constraints, our simulator can efficiently preserve the volumes and geometric properties of the liver and gallbladder during the simulation. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed simulation system can provide realistic and stable deformable results.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Huibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kyaw Kyar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Toe
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Soo Kng
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Chi Wan
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chee Kong
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D044962:Data Compression; D004548:Elasticity; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012984:Software