title: Effect of fluoride varnish supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel erosion and abrasion: an in situ/ex vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) varnishes supplemented or not with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel erosive wear followed or not by abrasion in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten volunteers were selected and randomly divided into four groups, according to the varnishes tested: placebo (no F or TMP), 5% NaF (positive control), 2.5% NaF and 2.5% NaF/5% TMP. Enamel blocks (n=4) were mounted in palatal devices and received an application of each test varnish, following a double-blind, crossover protocol. After 6h, varnishes were completely removed and the blocks were subjected to erosive challenges by ex vivo immersion in citric acid (5 min, 4×/dia, 5 days). Following, half of the blocks were subjected to abrasion by brushing with a placebo dentifrice slurry for 15s. Enamel wear (μm), surface hardness (SHf) and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN) were assessed after each experimental period. Results were analyzed by ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls's test and Pearson correlation coefficient (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fluoride varnish supplemented with TMP promoted significantly lower wear and ΔKHN when compared to the other groups after erosive challenges, followed or not by abrasion (p<0.05). As for (SHf) the fluoride varnish supplemented with TMP promoted similar results to the 5% NaF product, being significantly higher than the remaining groups after erosive and erosive+abrasive challenges (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMP significantly enhanced the effects of F on enamel wear after erosive challenges, followed or not by abrasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moretto
authors.forename: A C B
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Manarelli
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pessan
authors.forename: C C R
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Martinhon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D010919:Placebos; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000009:adverse effects; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D010919:Placebos; D011122:Polyphosphates; D014100:Toothpastes; D019343:Citric Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C009293:trimetaphosphoric acid
keywords: Demineralization; Dental wear; Enamel; Erosion; Fluoride varnish; Toothbrush abrasion