title: The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in adhesion of oral epithelial cells to titanium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral epithelial cells (OECs) adhesion to titanium may improve the success rate of implant restoration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the mechanism by which OECs adhere to titanium dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) After culturing rat OECs on titanium plates (Ti) or culture dishes in the presence or absence of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activator or inhibitors and/or growth factors, and OEC morphology under these conditions were analyzed. (2) Right maxillary first molars were extracted and replaced with experimental implants. The rats were treated with or without growth factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Cell adherence was lower of OECs on Ti than in those on culture dishes, as were the levels of integrin β4 and the continuity of F-actin structures. After PI3K inhibition, markedly reducing adherence to both substrates. In contrast, PI3K activation with activator or insulin-like growth factor restored the OEC adherence and the expression of adhesion molecules on Ti to the levels seen in OECs cultured on dishes. Cell migration was inhibited by PI3K activation. (2) High expression of integrin β4 was observed in the peri-implant epithelia of PI3K-activated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that PI3K plays an important role in the adhesion of OECs to Ti.
authors.affiliation: Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Devision of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: atyuta@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ikiru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Atsuta
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ayukawa
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaza
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furuhashi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koyano
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D015921:Dental Implants; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D039663:Integrin beta4 / Q000032:analysis; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051190:Plectin / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000097794:Kalinin
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015921:Dental Implants; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D039663:Integrin beta4; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051190:Plectin; D013002:Somatomedins; D014025:Titanium; D000097794:Kalinin
keywords: Adhesion molecule; Dental implant; Epithelial cell; Growth factor; Titanium