title: Factors related to osteoporosis of postmenopausal women in Phayao, Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was to investigate the associations between personal factors, health-related factors, history of fractures, and lifestyles and osteoporosis in the postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based on a retrospective case-control study design conducted in the Phayao Hospital, Phayao Province, Thailand. The 136 menopausal women aged 40 years and older were examined for bone density with dual x-ray absorptiometry. Those who had test results less than or equal to -2.5 standard deviation when compared to the maximum mean bone mineral density of young women (T score ≤ -2.5) were classified as the case group, and those who had test results more than -2.5 standard deviation when compared to the maximum mean bone mineral density of young women (T score > -2.5) were classified as the control group. Data were collected using questionnaires. Binary logistic regression with forward stepwise (likelihood ratio) model selection was used to explore the associated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factors statistically related to osteoporosis were body mass index (BMI; adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.81; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.71-0.93), age at menopause (OR = 0.88; 95 % CI, 0.79-0.99), history of fractures (OR = 10.00; 95 % CI, 2.71-36.94), family history of osteoporosis (OR = 2.66; 95 % CI, 1.04-6.77), and non-consumption of foods containing legumes, dried beans, and grains (OR = 13.84; 95 % CI, 2.08-92.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is recommended that more studies should be conducted on finding the optimal BMI and on the consumption of legumes, dried beans, and grains as osteoporotic protective factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orathai
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Malairungsakul
authors.forename: Phongtape
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiwatanadate
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D002523:Edible Grain; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology