title: Impact of real-time contact force and impedance measurement in pulmonary vein isolation procedures for treatment of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established procedure to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). New techniques are necessary to improve procedural parameters like shortening of procedure duration. Real-time contact force (CF) catheters are new tools aiming to improve PVI by optimizing electrode-tissue contact and generating more effective lesions. Objective of this study was to investigate the influence on procedural parameters and clinical outcome by using a CF catheter for PVI.
  
  
  METHODS
  PVI was performed on 67 consecutive patients using a CF catheter (n = 32) or a standard ablation catheter (SAC, n = 35). Study endpoints included number of energy applications, impedance drop, fluoroscopy time, and left atrial (LA) procedure time and freedom from AF after 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedural endpoint was reached in all patients with a similar clinical outcome (freedom from AF) in both groups 6 months (62.9 vs. 62.5%) and 12 months post PVI (59.4 vs. 62.9% in CF vs. SAC group, respectively). However, CF-guided ablation resulted in a greater fall of impedance (6.58 ± 0.33 vs. 9.09 ± 0.53 Ω, *** p < 0.001), lower number of energy applications (44.20 ± 3.67 vs. 34.06 ± 3.11, * p < 0.05), reduction of LA procedure time (95.52 ± 7.35 vs. 78.08 ± 7.23* min) and a significant reduction of fluoroscopy time (51.4 ± 3.3 vs. 33.0 ± 2.7*** min). In addition, a detailed analysis showed a significant correlation between quantitative impedance drop and amount of CF applied, suggesting more efficient lesion creation by CF-guided ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of CF catheters in PVI has a beneficial effect on procedural parameters, probably by improving efficacy of transmural lesion formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich and Munich Heart Alliance, Marchionistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany, reza.wakili@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakili
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clauss
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulbrich
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hahnefeld
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schüssler
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siebermair
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kääb
authors.forename: Heidi L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Estner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D062906:Cardiac Catheters; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome