title: Comparison of transvenous versus transthoracic catheter-based device closure of patent ductus arteriosus with amplatzer duct occluder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the clinical outcome of the transvenous versus transthoracic approach for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There are no data regarding the results of transvenous versus transthoracic catheter-based device closure of PDA with Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) despite their increasing use as alternatives to conventional surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this observational study, a total of 150 consecutive patients with PDA were allocated either to the transvenous approach (group A, n = 108) and the transthoracic approach (group B, n = 42) by using ADO between January 2010 and April 2012. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate the prespecified initial and 6-month success of PDA closure. The technical indices and procedure-related major acute and chronic complications were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were similar initial success rates (98.2% vs 100%; P>.05) and 6-month success rates (99.1% vs 100%; P>.05) between groups, and group A had fewer major acute complications (3.7% vs 85.7%; P<.001), shorter operating time (1.3 hours vs 2.1 hours; P<.001), Intensive Care Unit stay (0 hours vs 23.0 hours; P<.001), and recovery time (3.8 days vs 9.5 days; P<.001), and lower rates of general anesthesia (36.1% vs 100%; P<.001), blood transfusion (0.9% vs 71.4%; P<.001), and extra use of antibiotics (27.8% vs 78.6%; P<.001), and lower total cost of hospitalization ($3815.78 vs $5730.21; P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite similar efficacy for duct closure with ADO, transvenous approach was associated with fewer acute complications, more periprocedural comfort, and lower cost; thus, transthoracic approach should not be a reasonable choice for duct closure except for particular indications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, P. R. China. lianglongchenxh@126.com.
authors.forename: Lin-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Zhen-Dong
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zai-Bao
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dao-Zhong
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Han-Fan
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Liang-Long
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult