title: Ocular manifestations of drug and alcohol abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to review commonly encountered adverse ocular effects of illicit drug use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug and alcohol abuse can produce a variety of ocular and neuro-ophthalmic side effects. Novel, so-called 'designer', drugs of abuse can lead to unusual ocular disorders. Legal substances, when used in manners for which they have not been prescribed, can also have devastating ophthalmic consequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this review, we will systematically evaluate each part of the visual pathways and discuss how individual drugs may affect them.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Ophthalmology bDepartment of Neurology cDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peragallo
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Biousse
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*