title: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies of celecoxib-loaded poly(ortho ester) nanoparticles targeted for intraocular drug delivery.
abstract: The present investigation is aimed at improving the ocular bioavailability of a poorly water soluble drug, celecoxib, to offer new options in the treatment of chronic eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. To do so, we developed a novel formulation of drug-loaded poly(ortho ester) nanoparticles (NPs). We characterized the NPs in terms of size, morphology, controlled-release, degradation and cytocompatibity. Stable and transparent NP emulsions were prepared following a double emulsion solvent diffusion method employing poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer. Physical properties showed a narrow range size distribution of 151-164nm with spherical morphology, negative zeta potentials and remarkably high celecoxib encapsulation efficiency (98%) and loading (64%) of poly(ortho ester) NPs. Drug release followed a zero-order release by a surface erosion-controlled mechanism without any burst effect. Degradation of poly(ortho ester) NPs was observed by measuring the concentration of initial degradation product such as, lactic acid. MTT studies revealed minimal toxicity of NPs (up to 1mg/ml) toward HEK 293 cells. Poly(ortho ester) NPs were not internalized by either Müller or HEK 293 cells, which is highly desirable for a drug carrier to deliver the drugs for prolonged periods to the back of eye. These features have the potential to decrease the number of intraocular injections required to treat chronic eye diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. Electronic address: mpalamoo@uthsc.edu.
authors.forename: Mallika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palamoor
authors.forename: Monica M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jablonski
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002460:Cell Line; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D063928:Ependymoglial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D056965:Injections, Intraocular; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012995:Solubility; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; C401107:poly(ortho ester); D000068579:Celecoxib
keywords: Celecoxib; Cytotoxicity; Nanoparticles; Nile red; Poly(ortho ester); Solvent diffusion