title: The comparison of feasibility and safety on fiberoptic guided intubation under conscious sedation with remifentanil and propofol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oropharyngeal manipulation is problematic when patients have a gag reflex. Sedation can suppress gag reflex, but can cause serious airway problems. We compared remifentanil (Group R) and propofol (Group P) in terms of cooperation and loss of gag reflex, while drugs were administered incrementally using target controlled infusion (TCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty seven patients who required awake fiberoptic intubation were randomized to Group R or Group P. After measurement of baseline gag trigger point index (GTPI), TCI was set to effect-site concentration (Ce) of 1 ng/ml (Group R) or 1 µg/ml (Group P), then titrated by 0.5 increment until GTPI score reached 0. The incidence of drop-out and decreased cooperation, Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) and Ce at loss of GR, and complications were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients were dropped out in Group P due to deep sedation and disobedient behavior, but none in Group R (P = 0.015). Gag reflex suppressed as RSS increased in both groups (P < 0.001), however, the incidence of elimination of gag reflex clustered at RSS 2 in Group R (P < 0.001), whereas it was evenly distributed in Group P (P = 0.20). The incidence of patients who were spontaneously roused (gag reflex elimination at RSS 1 and 2) were higher in Group R than in Group P (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deep sedation and impaired cooperation were observed only in Group P and spontaneously roused patients were higher in Group R, suggesting that remifentanil is more suitable for cooperative elimination of GR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakong
authors.forename: Dae-Lim
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jee
keywords: Gag reflex; Propofol; Remifentanil