title: Holoprosencephaly with multiple anomalies of the craniofacial bones-an autopsy report.
abstract: Holoprosencephaly (HPE), a disorder which results from a failure of cleavage or the incomplete differentiation of the forebrain structures at various levels or to various degrees, is related to hereditary factors, chromosomal anomalies, cytogenetic abnormalities, and environmental teratogenic factors. We are reporting a case of a multiparous woman who was G3,P3,L2, who delivered a full term foetus with holoprosencephaly and multiple craniofacial anomalies. An autopsy was conducted. Multiple anomalies of the craniofacial bones, which include hypoplasia and synostosis of the frontal bone, anophthalmia, absence of the anterior cranial fossa, hypoplasia of the maxillae, an absent antrum, cleft palate, a central hare lip and arrhinia which includes absence of the nostrils and hypotelorism of the eye placodes, were noted. This case is being reported for its rarity and the available literature was reviewed in this respect.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Dr. P.S.I.M.S & R.F , China Avutapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aruna
authors.forename: V Kalyan
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: D Naveen Chandar
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: D Ranga
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rao
keywords: Anomalies; Anophthalmia; Arrhinia; Craniofacial; Holoprocencephaly; Hypotelorism; Synostosis