title: Pathological findings and diagnostic implications of a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model of aerosol-exposure melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei).
abstract: Aerosolized Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, can infect many species of mammals (including humans), causing rapid, severe pneumonia with high mortality. Diagnosis in humans is challenging, as few organisms can be detected in blood or other non-invasive samples. Although it cannot be said that the model is established, studies to date indicate that rhesus macaques may represent a good model of human melioidosis. This is supported by the results of this study. The early progression of meliodosis in the rhesus macaque was studied in an effort to better understand the disease and the application of rapid diagnostic methods. Results indicate that a PCR analysis of key diagnostic samples such as nasal swabs, throat swabs, tracheo bronchial lymph node aspirates and broncho-alveolar lavage may be a useful component of a rapid diagnostic algorithm in case of aerosol exposure.
authors.affiliation: US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yingst
authors.affiliation: US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Facemire
authors.affiliation: University of Florida Institute for Therapeutic Innovations, Albany, USA.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chuvala
authors.affiliation: US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norwood
authors.affiliation: US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolcott
authors.affiliation: Department of Defense Veterinary Service Activity, Office of the Surgeon General, Arlington, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Derron A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D016957:Burkholderia pseudomallei / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008554:Melioidosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols