title: Approach to multiparticle parallel tracking in thick samples with three-dimensional nanoresolution.
abstract: This Letter proposes a method referred to as distorted grating (DG) and double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF) combination microscopy (DDCM), which is capable of multiparticle parallel localization and tracking in a transparent sample thicker than 10 μm, the thickness of cells. A special phase mask, combining the field depth extension capabilities of DG with the three-dimensional (3D) nanolocalization capabilities of the DH-PSF, is designed for multiparticle parallel localization. Time-lapse tracking of one particle moving along the z axis and parallel tracking of two particles are simulated. Results demonstrate that, with only a single snapshot, particles can be localized, tracking with 3D nanoresolution wherever they are. The theoretical localization precisions of DDCM, DH-PSF, and multifocus microscopy are compared. DDCM results in almost constant localization precisions in all three dimensions for a depth of field larger than 10 μm. DDCM is expected to become a tool in investigations of important dynamic events in living cells.
authors.forename: Danni
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yingdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Gaixia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hanben
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*