title: Cephalometric analysis for the diagnosis of sleep apnea: a comparative study between reference values and measurements obtained for Brazilian subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify if the reference values of Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis of North American individuals are similar to the ones of Brazilian individuals presenting no craniofacial anomalies. The study also aimed to identify craniofacial alterations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) patients in relation to individuals without clinical characteristics of the disease through this cephalometric analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  It were used 55 lateral cephalograms consisting of 29 for the control group of adult individuals without clinical characteristics of OSAHS and 26 apneic adults. All radiographs were submitted to Sleep Apnea cephalometric analysis through Radiocef Studio 2.0. The standard values of this analysis were compared, by means of z test, to the ones obtained from the control group and these were compared to values from apneic group through Student's t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between values obtained from control group and standard values. On the group of OSAHS patients it was observed a decrease on the dimensions of upper airways and an increase on the soft palate length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standard values of Sleep Apnea analysis can be used as reference in Brazilian individuals. Besides, through lateral cephalograms it was possible to identify craniofacial alterations in OSAHS patients.
authors.forename: Patrícia Superbi Lemos
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Maschtakow
authors.forename: Jefferson Luis Oshiro
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: João Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.forename: Lílian Chrystiane
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Giannas
authors.forename: Mari Eli Leonelli
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Carolina Bacci
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Julio Cezar de Melo
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.forename: Luiz Cesar
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Moraes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009656:North America; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000473:pathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology*; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Cephalometry; Comparative study; Obstructive Sleep Apnea