title: Magnetoresistive sensor for real-time single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping.
abstract: We demonstrate a magnetoresistive sensor platform that allows for the real-time detection of point mutations in DNA targets. Specifically, we detect point mutations at two sites in the human beta globin gene. For DNA detection, the present sensor technology has a detection limit of about 160 pM and a dynamic range of about two orders of magnitude. The sensors are based on a new geometry for biological sensing that detects the difference between the amount of beads bound to a sensing pad and a local integrated negative reference pad. The magnetic beads are magnetised by the magnetic field arising from the sensor bias current such that no external magnetic fields are needed. The sensors are integrated in a microfluidic system with temperature control. The local negative reference integrated in the sensor geometry efficiently compensates for sensor offsets, external magnetic fields and a uniform background of magnetic beads, which enables real-time quantification of the specific binding of magnetic beads to the sensor surface under varying experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Building 345 East, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Westergaard Østerberg
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dufva
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fougt Hansen
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004247:DNA
keywords: Biosensor; DNA genotyping; Magnetoresistive sensor; Microfluidics; Single nucleotide polymorphism