title: Novel disposable transnasal endoscopy for assessment of esophageal motor function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel disposable transnasal endoscopy (DTE) with a portable system has been developed to provide unsedated esophagoscopy by modifying capsule endoscopy. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of DTE to evaluate esophageal motor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with or suspected esophageal motility disorders and healthy volunteers were enrolled. Participants underwent esophageal high-resolution manometry and DTE in random order on different days. Motility was observed with DTE at 1, 8, and 16 cm above the gastroesophageal junction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty healthy volunteers and 20 symptomatic subjects participated (8 achalasia, 5 scleroderma, 3 diffuse esophageal spasm, 1 hypertensive peristalsis, 1 peristaltic dysfunction, and 22 normal esophageal function). The normal findings on DTE were as follows. As the subject swallowed water, swallow-induced relaxation with elevation of the lower esophageal sphincter caused the endoscope to cross the Z-line into the gastric lumen. After the passage of water and air, complete closure of the lower esophageal sphincter occurred, with the return of the endoscope to its previous position. During the resting stage of the esophageal body, an air bubble could be seen in the center of the radially wrinkled and occluded lumen. The endoscopic diagnosis was in agreement with the clinical diagnosis in all but 2. Most of the participants reported acceptable discomfort during DTE and 62.5% of the subjects preferred DTE to manometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTE can accurately characterize normal esophageal motor function, allowing the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders. DTE has potential widespread applications, especially in outpatient clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Myung-Gyu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Myong-Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Baeg
authors.forename: Sung Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jin Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yu Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jae Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: In Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose; D057240:Patient Preference; D010528:Peristalsis; D055815:Young Adult