title: Differential expression of transglutaminase genes in patients with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gingival epithelium plays a key role in the protection of oral tissues from microbial challenge, especially during the periodontal disease. This study was aimed to evaluate levels of mRNA transcripts of different forms of transglutaminase in the human gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis and relative controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 22 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 22 healthy controls. For each patient, the values of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Gene expression of transglutaminase 1, transglutaminase 2, transglutaminase 3, and metalloprotease 2 was evaluated by real-time PCR, while that of Factor XIIIA and metalloprotease 9 by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values of all the clinical parameters were significantly higher in the CP group than in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). In the CP group, the mRNA expression of transglutaminase 1 and transglutaminase 3 was significantly decreased in comparison with healthy control group. A slight nonsignificant changes of transglutaminase 2 gene expression were observed in samples from CP patients in comparison with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that transglutaminase gene expression may be modified in response to chronic injury in the damaged gingival and emphasizes the key role of these enzymes in gingival remodelling/healing and adaptive processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Currò
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matarese
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Isola
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caccamo
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lentini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cordasco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ientile
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015956:Factor XIIa / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; C498712:TGM3 protein, human; D011503:Transglutaminases; C105804:transglutaminase 1; D015956:Factor XIIa; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: chronic periodontitis; gingival tissues; keratinocyte; mouth; periodontal disease; teeth; transglutaminases