title: Stimulating effects of quercetin and phenamil on differentiation of human dental pulp cells.
abstract: Dentin formation is preferred in the healing response of the pulp to pulp-capping agents during vital pulp therapy. Enhancement of the dentinogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells is thought to accelerate pulp repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentinogenic activity of small molecules (three flavonoids and phenamil) that have been shown previously to induce osteoblast differentiation. Among the flavonoids (quercetin, genistein and baicalin), quercetin induced the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human dental pulp (HDP) cells. Phenamil, an amiloride derivative, elicited higher ALP activity than quercetin. However, increased expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mRNA and mineral deposition were seen in cultures treated with quercetin compared with phenamil. This would seem to suggest that quercetin is the most dentinogenic agent among the tested chemicals. The increase in ALP activity in the quercetin-treated cells was not affected by ICI 182,780, an estrogen receptor inhibitor, and was partially blocked by PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor. This suggests that ERK1/2 is activated in the quercetin-induced differentiation of HDP cells without the mediation of estrogen receptors, which are known to be involved in osteoblast differentiation induced by quercetin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Chonro-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Gil
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Hee C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ji H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hyeong-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003810:Dentinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000584:Amiloride; D000975:Antioxidants; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D015675:Osteocalcin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011794:Quercetin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C047088:phenylamil
keywords: dental pulp cells; differentiation; odontogenicity; phenamil; quercetin