title: Differences in clinician-oriented outcomes among controls, copers, and chronic ankle instability groups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinician-oriented outcome measures among uninjured controls, copers, and chronic ankle instability (CAI) groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 25 active adults with unilateral CAI ([mean ± SD] age: 23.7 ± 4.9 years), 21 copers ([mean ± SD] age: 23.2 ± 4.7 years), and 20 uninjured controls ([mean ± SD] age: 21.1 ± 2.5 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Range of motion and posterior talar glide were assessed via a weight-bearing lunge and a talar glide test, respectively. Cutaneous sensation was measured during a Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament test. Dynamic balance was measured during the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Muscular strength was assessed during manual muscle tests of the dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, invertors, and evertors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CAI group had decreased dorsiflexion range of motion relative to controls (p = 0.02). Those with CAI also had decreased balance during the posterior-medial reach of the SEBT compared to copers and controls (p < 0.01). Both copers and the CAI group had decreased normalized dorsiflexion strength compared to controls (p < 0.01) but only the CAI group had normalized plantar flexion strength deficits relative to controls (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some clinician-oriented outcomes, but not all, can detect differences among uninjured controls, copers, and those with CAI.
authors.affiliation: Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: Erik A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wikstrom
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Balance; Copers; Mechanical adaptations; Sensorimotor dysfunction