title: Targeting CCL5 in inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemokines play important roles in inflammation and in immune responses. This article will discuss the current literature on the C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and whether it is a therapeutic target in the context of various allergic, autoimmune or infectious diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small-molecule inhibitors, chemokine and chemokine receptor-deficient mice, antibodies and modified chemokines are the current tools available for CCL5 research, and there are several ongoing clinical trials targeting the CCL5 receptors, CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5. There are fewer studies specifically targeting the chemokine itself and clinical studies with anti-CCL5 antibodies are still to be carried out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although clinical trials are strongly biased toward HIV treatment and prevention with blockers of CCR5, the therapeutic potential for CCL5 and its receptors in other diseases is relevant. Overall, it is not likely that specific targeting of CCL5 will result in new adjunct strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases with a major inflammatory component. However, targeting CCL5 could result in novel therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases, where it may decrease inflammatory responses and fibrosis, and certain solid tumors, where it may have a role in angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Immunopharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil . 55 31 34092649 ; rempsufmg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael Elias
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guabiraba
authors.forename: Remo Castro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Mauro Martins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000276:immunology*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5