title: Seizure activity occurring in two dogs after S-ketamine-induction.
abstract: Two healthy dogs were anaesthetized to undergo elective orthopaedic procedures. After premedication with methadone and acepromazine, general anaesthesia was induced with midazolam and S-ketamine. Immediately after anaesthetic induction, seizures occurred in both dogs. In the first dog the syndrome was characterized by tonic and clonic motor activity, muscular hypertone, hypersalivation, urination, defecation and hyperthermia. In the second dog muscular twitches of the temporal and masseter regions were observed, followed by increased skeletal muscles tone, hypersalivation, spontaneous urination and increase in body temperature. Recoveries from anaesthesia were uneventful and no seizures were observed. Considering the temporal association between anaesthetic induction and occurrence of seizures, and the fact that other causative factors could not be identified, it is hypothesized that S-ketamine played a role in determining the convulsive phenomena observed in these patients. S-ketamine might carry the potential for inducing seizures in otherwise healthy dogs, despite the concomitant use of GABA-ergic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spadavecchia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casoni
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D018757:GABA Modulators; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008691:Methadone; D008874:Midazolam; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000662:veterinary; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000662:veterinary; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018757:GABA Modulators; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam; D008691:Methadone
keywords: Hund; Krampfanfall; Narkose-Einleitung; Nebenwirkung; S-Ketamin; S-ketamine; adverse reaction; anaesthetic induction; dog; seizures