title: Comparative toxicity of Paraquat herbicide and some plant extracts in Lymnaea natalensis snails.
abstract: Paraquat has been shown to be a highly toxic compound for humans and animals, and many cases of acute poisoning and death have been reported over the past few decades. The present study was undertaken to evaluate comprehensively herbicides (Paraquat) and some plant extracts to biochemical aspects of Lymnaea natalensis snails. It was found that the exposure of L. natalensis to Paraquat and plant extracts led to a significant reduction in the infectivity of Fasciola gigantica miracidia to the snail. The glucose level in hemolymph of exposed snails was elevated, while the glycogen showed a decrease in soft tissues when compared with the control group. In addition, the activity level of some enzymes representing glycolytic enzymes as hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) in snail's tissues were reduced in response to the treatment. It was concluded that the pollution of the aquatic environment by herbicide would adversely affect the metabolism of the L. natalensis snails. Snails treated with Agave attenuate, Ammi visnaga, and Canna iridiflora plant had less toxic effect compared to snails treated with Paraquat.
authors.affiliation: Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt fayezbakery@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fayez A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bakry
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Eleiwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Samir A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Somya M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ismil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005209:Fasciola / Q000254:growth & development; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D025221:Phosphofructokinases / Q000378:metabolism; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D025221:Phosphofructokinases; D006593:Hexokinase; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: Agave attenuate; Ammi visnaga; Canna iridiflora plant; Fasciola gigantica miracidia; Lymnaea natalensis snails; Paraquat herbicide