title: Genes involved in the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) are specifically regulated in cortical astrocytes following sleep deprivation in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is growing evidence indicating that in order to meet the neuronal energy demands, astrocytes provide lactate as an energy substrate for neurons through a mechanism called "astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle" (ANLS). Since neuronal activity changes dramatically during vigilance states, we hypothesized that the ANLS may be regulated during the sleep-wake cycle. To test this hypothesis we investigated the expression of genes associated with the ANLS specifically in astrocytes following sleep deprivation. Astrocytes were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from transgenic mice expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the human astrocytic GFAP-promoter.
  
  
  METHODS
  6-hour instrumental sleep deprivation (TSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal sleep research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young (P23-P27) FVB/N-Tg (GFAP-GFP) 14Mes/J (Tg) mice of both sexes and 7-8 week male Tg and FVB/Nj mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basal sleep recordings and sleep deprivation achieved using a modified cage where animals were gently forced to move.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since Tg and FVB/Nj mice displayed a similar sleep-wake pattern, we performed a TSD in young Tg mice. Total RNA was extracted from the GFP-positive and GFP-negative cells sorted from cerebral cortex. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of Glut1, α-2-Na/K pump, Glt1, and Ldha mRNAs were significantly increased following TSD in GFP-positive cells. In GFP-negative cells, a tendency to increase, although not significant, was observed for Ldha, Mct2, and α-3-Na/K pump mRNAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that TSD induces the expression of genes associated with ANLS specifically in astrocytes, underlying the important role of astrocytes in the maintenance of the neuro-metabolic coupling across the sleep-wake cycle.
authors.affiliation: LNDC, Brain Mind Institute, Life Sciences Faculty, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland ; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry CHUV, Prilly, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gyger
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burlet-Godinot
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fiumelli
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Pierre J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Magistretti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005796:Genes / Q000502:physiology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity; D012890:Sleep / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Glia; energy metabolism; flow cytometry; glucose; glutamate; transgenic mice