title: Percutaneous ultrasound-guided central venous catheters: the lateral in-plane technique for internal jugular vein access.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the possible ultrasound guidance techniques for the insertion of central venous catheters (CVCs), with emphasis particularly to the lateral short axis in-plane technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numerous articles have shown significant benefits of using ultrasound guidance for venous access. Two main approaches to vein puncture are available, when considering visualization of the needle during its entry into the vein under the ultrasound beam: in-plane and out-of-plane, which can be combined with two types of vein visualization, placing the ultrasound probe on the vein long axis or short axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Advantages and limitations in internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation for long-term dialysis CVCs are described for the above-mentioned approaches and visualizations. The lateral short axis in-plane technique has virtually no limitations, ensuring most benefits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lateral short axis in-plane technique should be considered the first-line technique for IJV cannulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Radiology and Interventional Radiology Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milano - Italy.
authors.forename: Umberto G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigamonti
authors.forename: Vladimira
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tichà
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zoffoli
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallieni
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cariati
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011677:Punctures; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional