title: Signs and symptoms of methylmercury contamination in a First Nations community in Northwestern Ontario, Canada.
abstract: In 1970, fish caught in the English-Wabigoon River system in northwestern Ontario, Canada, were found to be contaminated with mercury coming from a chlor-alkali plant in the province. In the 1970s, patients exhibiting some of the symptoms of the Hunter-Russell syndrome (e.g. paresthesias, visual field constriction, ataxia, impaired hearing, and speech impairment) were reported by some researchers. However attempts to diagnose the patients as suffering from methylmercury poisoning proved to be controversial. In order to research the presence of methylmercury contamination, and show that the patients, through eating contaminated fish, were suffering from methylmercury poisoning, we studied the results of subjective complaints, neurological findings, and quantitative somatosensory measurements gathered in Grassy Narrows Indian Reservation, Ontario, in March, 2010. At that time, the population of the Grassy Narrows settlement was around 900. Ninety-one residents volunteered to be examined. From them, we selected 80 people who were older than 15 years old, and divided them into two groups. Canadian Younger (CY): 36 residents who were from 16 to 45 years old. Canadian Older (CO): 44 residents who were from 46 to 76 years old. We compared them to Japanese Exposed (JE): 88 methylmercury exposed residents from the Minamata district in Japan, and Japanese Control (JC): 164 control residents from non-polluted areas in Japan. Complaints and abnormal neurological findings were more prevalent and quantitative sensory measurements were worse in the two Canadian groups and the Japanese Exposed group than in the Japanese Control group. Complaints, neurological findings and quantitative sensory measurements were similar in Canadian Older and Japanese Exposed. The results for Canadian Younger fell between those of Canadian Older and Japanese Control. These findings indicate that the clinical signs and symptoms of the residents of Grassy Narrows are almost the same as those recorded for Minamata disease in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Minamata Kyoritsu Hospital, Sakurai-cho 2-2-12, Minamata 867-0045, Japan. Electronic address: stakaoka@x.email.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008630:Mercury Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D020886:Somatosensory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds
keywords: Complaints; Methylmercury; Neurological findings; Quantitative somatosensory measurements; Sensory disturbance