title: Prediction of serum IgG concentration by indirect techniques with adjustment for age and clinical and laboratory covariates in critically ill newborn calves.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop prediction models for the serum IgG concentration in critically ill calves based on indirect assays and to assess if the predictive ability of the models could be improved by inclusion of age, clinical covariates, and/or laboratory covariates. Seventy-eight critically ill calves between 1 and 13 days old were selected from 1 farm. Statistical models to predict IgG concentration from the results of the radial immunodiffusion test, the gold standard, were built as a function of indirect assays of serum and plasma protein concentrations, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) turbidity and transmittance, and serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity. For each assay 4 models were built: without covariates, with age, with age and clinical covariates (infection and dehydration status), and with age and laboratory covariates (fibrinogen concentration and packed cell volume). For the protein models, dehydration status (clinical model) and fibrinogen concentration (laboratory model) were selected for inclusion owing to their statistical significance. These variables increased the coefficient of determination (R (2) ) of the models by ≥ 7% but did not significantly improve the sensitivity or specificity of the models to predict passive transfer with a cutoff IgG concentration of 1000 mg/dL. For the GGT assay, including age as a covariate increased the R (2) of the model by 3%. For the ZnSO4 turbidity test, none of the covariates were statistically significant. Overall, the R (2) of the models ranged from 34% to 62%. This study has provided insight into the importance of adjusting for covariates when using indirect assays to predict IgG concentration in critically ill calves. Results also indicate that ZnSO4 transmittance and turbidity assays could be used advantageously in a field setting.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6 (Fecteau, Arsenault); Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, CP 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6 (Paré); College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678, USA (Van Metre); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA (Holmberg, Smith).
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fecteau
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arsenault
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paré
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Van Metre
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Bradford P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D016638:Critical Illness; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D005779:Immunodiffusion / Q000662:veterinary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D012031:Refractometry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase