title: The planar mosaic fails to account for spatially directed action.
abstract: Humans' spatial representations enable navigation and reaching to targets above the ground plane, even without direct perceptual support. Such abilities are inconsistent with an impoverished representation of the third dimension. Features that differentiate humans from most terrestrial animals, including raised eye height and arms dedicated to manipulation rather than locomotion, have led to robust metric representations of volumetric space.
authors.forename: Roberta L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Klatzky
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Giudice
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013037:Spatial Behavior