title: Leukocyte-endothelial interactions within the ocular microcirculation in inflammation and infection.
abstract: Leukocyte-endothelial interactions within the microvasculature represent a hallmark of inflammation regardless of whether the inflammation results from non-infectious or infectious triggers. In this review, we highlight features of leukocyte recruitment in ocular disease and postulate mechanisms by which the infiltrating cells may lead to the progression of the ocular inflammatory response, including cytokine and chemokine production, T cell or non-T cell responses. Additionally, ex-vivo and in vivo methods used to study the general features of the immune response are discussed, with a specific focus on intravital imaging, which allows real-time non-invasive examination of leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the ocular microvasculature. At the present time there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the process of leukocyte recruitment in vivo in different microvascular beds. Further studies using non-invasive imaging approaches, such as intravital microscopy, provide an opportunity to study dynamic tissue-specific leukocyte-endothelial interactions in vivo and identify novel targets for early intervention in the inflammatory process. This knowledge is essential to the rational use of therapeutics to resolve inflammation in ocular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Al-Banna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Toguri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: M E M
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008833:Microcirculation
keywords: Ocular microcirculation; infection; inflammation; intravital microscopy; leukocyte infiltration; leukocyte-endothelium interaction