title: Evaluation of the variant anatomical disposition of the renal hilar structures in South Indian adult human cadavers and its cinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anatomical disposition of the renal hilar structures in human cadavers of south Indian origin, considering their antero-posterior distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninty-six renal hila of the isolated kidneys from adult south Indian cadavers were observed for the branching patterns and the distributions of the renal hilar structures. The number of branches of the renal artery and the divisions of the renal vein in the pre hilar region were noted, along with their pattern of arrangement with respect to the renal pelvis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study on the pre hilar region, we observed that the highest division of the renal artery was 8 and that the highest incidence was of 4 divisions of the renal artery in 30.2% cases. The highest number of venous divisions which was observed was 7. The highest incidence of 40.6 % cases showed 2 divisions of the veins. Regarding the patterns of arrangement of these structures, we observed 12 patterns of arrangement, with a higher incidence (45.8%) of the classical arrangement (V-A-P), as has been described in the standard text books of anatomy, which was followed by the A-V-P pattern (28.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An anatomical knowledge on the possible variant topography of the renal hilar structures is of great importance when urological surgical procedures are performed.
authors.affiliation: Lecture,Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus) , Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India .
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guru
authors.forename: Ashwini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aithal P
authors.forename: Surekha D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Satheesha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayak B
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pamidi
keywords: Renal anatomy; Renal artery; Renal hilum; Renal pelvis; Renal vein