title: Membrane potential correlates of sensory perception in mouse barrel cortex.
abstract: Neocortical activity can evoke sensory percepts, but the cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We trained mice to detect single brief whisker stimuli and report perceived stimuli by licking to obtain a reward. Pharmacological inactivation and optogenetic stimulation demonstrated a causal role for the primary somatosensory barrel cortex. Whole-cell recordings from barrel cortex neurons revealed membrane potential correlates of sensory perception. Sensory responses depended strongly on prestimulus cortical state, but both slow-wave and desynchronized cortical states were compatible with task performance. Whisker deflection evoked an early (<50 ms) reliable sensory response that was encoded through cell-specific reversal potentials. A secondary late (50-400 ms) depolarization was enhanced on hit trials compared to misses. Optogenetic inactivation revealed a causal role for late excitation. Our data reveal dynamic processing in the sensory cortex during task performance, with an early sensory response reliably encoding the stimulus and later secondary activity contributing to driving the subjective percept.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Shankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sachidhanandam
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sreenivasan
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyriakatos
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Carl C H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000502:physiology*; D000099260:Empty Spiracles Homeobox Proteins
chemical_list: D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010320:Parvalbumins; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014633:Valine; D000099260:Empty Spiracles Homeobox Proteins; C056639:2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2