title: Impairment of 40-km time-trial performance but not peak power output with external iliac kinking: a case study in a world-class cyclist.
abstract: Iliac blood-flow restrictions causing painful and "powerless" legs are often attributed to overtraining and may develop for some time before being correctly diagnosed. In the current study, differences between actual performance parameters and performance parameters predicted from the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT) were studied in a world-class cyclist with bilateral kinking of the external iliac artery before and after surgery. Two performance-testing sessions, including a peak-power-output (PPO) test and a 40-km time trial (TT) were conducted before surgery, while 1 testing session was conducted after the surgery. Actual vs LSCT-predicted performance parameters in the world-class cyclists were compared with 82 symptom-free trained to elite male cyclists. No differences were found between actual and LSCT-predicted PPO before and after surgical intervention. However, there were differences between actual and LSCT-predicted 40-km TT time in the tests performed before the surgery (2:51and 2:55 min:s, respectively). These differences were no longer apparent in the postsurgery 40-km TT (2 s). This finding suggests that iliac blood-flow restrictions seem to mainly impair endurance performance rather than peak cycling performance. A standard PPO test without brachial ankle blood-pressure measurements might not be able to reflect iliac blood-flow restrictions. Differences between actual and LSCT-predicted 40-km TT time may assist in earlier referral to a cardiovascular specialist and result in earlier detection of iliac blood-flow restrictions.
authors.affiliation: Div of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lamberts
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rietjens
authors.forename: Hendrik H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tijdink
mesh_terms: D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001642:Bicycling; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D035002:Lower Extremity; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome