title: Risk-benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dual-antiplatelet regimens for prevention of recurrent stroke promote antithrombotic effects but may increase the risk for hemorrhage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To qualitatively and quantitatively examine the risk for recurrent stroke and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) linked to long-term dual- and single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through March 2013 without language restrictions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The search identified 7 randomized, controlled trials that involved a total of 39,574 participants and reported recurrent stroke and ICH as outcome measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  All data from eligible studies were independently abstracted by 2 investigators according to a standard protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrent stroke risk did not differ between patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy and those receiving aspirin monotherapy (relative risk [RR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.01]) or clopidogrel monotherapy (RR, 1.01 [CI, 0.93 to 1.08]). Risk for ICH did not differ between patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy and those receiving aspirin monotherapy (RR, 0.99 [CI, 0.70 to 1.42]) but was greater among patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy than among those receiving clopidogrel monotherapy (RR, 1.46 [CI, 1.17 to 1.82]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Agents used in dual- and single-antiplatelet therapies varied across trials, and the relatively modest number of trials limited subgroup analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with monotherapy, dual-antiplatelet therapy lasting more than 1 year after an index ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack is not associated with a greater reduction in overall recurrent stroke risk. However, long-term dual-antiplatelet therapy is linked to higher risk for ICH than clopidogrel monotherapy in this patient population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Saver
authors.forename: Keun-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Neal M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ovbiagele
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000139:chemically induced; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000517:prevention & control; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D004176:Dipyridamole; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin