title: The association between diabetes mellitus and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) has been inconclusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether DM is associated with an increased risk of NAION.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature search was performed for published studies reporting both DM and NAION based on PubMed and EMBASE. After reviewing characteristics of all the included studies systematically, meta-analytical method was employed to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) from random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed by Q-statistic test. Funnel Plot, Begg's and Egger's linear regression test were applied to evaluate publication bias. A sensitivity analysis and meta-regression analysis were also performed to assess the robustness of results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2,096 participants from 12 case-control studies were pooled for a meta-analysis. The result of meta-analysis of these studies indicated that DM is associated with increased risk of NAION (pooled OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.17-2.30; P = 0.004). Sensitivity analysis indicated our findings are robust, and meta-regression analysis revealed no significant effect in terms of geographical area, gender, age of patients with NAION, the year of the publication, source of the controls, and sample size (all p>0.05). Evidence of publication bias was not observed in our study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meta-analysis suggests that DM might be associated with increased risk of NAION.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Delu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Guangliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D039781:PubMed; D012307:Risk Factors