title: Primary school teachers in China: associations of organizational justice and effort-reward imbalance with burnout and intentions to leave the profession in a cross-sectional sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined associations of organizational justice (OJ) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) with burnout and intentions to leave the teaching profession (ILTP) among primary school teachers in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six primary schools located in Wuhan, China, were randomly selected from three different socioeconomic areas in 2010. In total, these schools employed 533 teachers, and 436 of these (82 %) participated in a cross-sectional survey. OJ and ERI were assessed by 13-item and 10-item questionnaires, respectively. Burnout was measured using the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory. ILTP were operationalized based on the frequency of thoughts about turnover during the past year. Logistic regression-based odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated separately for OJ and ERI. In a second step, these work stress scales were entered into the same regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Separate regression models suggested moderate to strong associations of OJ and ERI with burnout and ILTP. After simultaneous adjustment, the overall OJ score remained associated with burnout and ILTP, but ERI appeared to be the stronger and more consistent determinant of both outcomes. For instance, an increase of 1 standard deviation of the ERI score was associated with an OR of 2.60 (95 % CI 1.97-3.43) for burnout and with an OR of 2.26 (95 % CI 1.66-3.08) for ILTP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organizational justice and in particular ERI appeared to be determinants of burnout and ILTP among primary school teachers in China.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany, Adrian.Loerbroks@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loerbroks
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Min-Li
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angerer
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D012201:Reward; D012574:Schools; D012935:Social Justice / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology