title: Intellectual ability as a predictor of performance on the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between intelligence and executive functioning in youth. More specifically, the authors hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition General Ability Index (GAI) and understanding of sorting principles as measured by percent conceptual-level responses on the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST). One hundred eighty-five children and adolescents completed neuropsychological evaluations. Results revealed a curvilinear regression with bright youth (GAI = 115-129) and gifted youth (GAI ≥130) performing better than average youth (GAI = 90-114) and no difference in performance between bright and gifted youth. Additionally, post-hoc analyses revealed intelligence in children 5 to 8 years of age and 12 to 16 years of age did not significantly predict percent conceptual-level responses, while intelligence predicted more than 19% of the variance in percent conceptual-level responses for children ages 9 to 11 years old. Findings revealed new evidence about the role of intellectual ability in executive functioning among different age ranges and have important implications for psychologists, caregivers, educators, and other professionals working with this population.
authors.affiliation: a California School of Professional Psychology , Alliant International University-Los Angeles , Alhambra , California.
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Ashley M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: Erin T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Beth M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Houskamp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003210:Concept Formation / Q000502:physiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test; age ranges; executive function; gifted; intelligence; neuropsychological assessment