title: Initial experience of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead extraction with the new GlideLight 80 Hz laser sheaths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laser lead extraction is a challenging procedure, especially in patients with old or multiple pacemaker (PM) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads. The mechanical force is a leading cause of complications during the extraction procedure. Use of new laser sheaths, which deliver a rate of 80 pulses per second, may probably reduce intraoperative adverse events by reduction of extraction force.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2012 and April 2013, 76 PM and ICD leads were treated in 38 patients using GlideLight 80 Hz laser sheaths. Indications for lead removals were pocket infection (42.1%), septicaemia or endocarditis (23.7%), lead dysfunction (31.6%) and upgrade from PM to ICD (2.6%). Data on procedural success rates, intra- and postoperative outcomes, as well as 30-day mortality were collected into a database and analysed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 62.0 ± 17.7 years (range 18-83), and 73.7% were male. The mean time from initial lead implantation was 96.0 ± 58.3 months (range 24-288). Thirty-seven (48.7%) PM and 39 (51.3%) ICD leads had to be extracted. The mean procedural time was 68.3 ± 27.3 min (range 35-115). Seventy-two of 76 leads (94.8%) were completely removed, partial removal was achieved in 2 (2.6%) leads and a failure of extraction occurred in 2 (2.6%) leads. The overall complication rate was 5.2%, including one major (superior vena cava perforation) (2.6%) and one minor (pocket haematoma) (2.6%) complication. No death occurred during the 30-day follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GlideLight 80 Hz laser sheath allows safe and effective removal of chronically implanted PM and ICD leads, combining high procedural success with low complication rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hakmi
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pecha
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sill
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: Muhammet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Yalin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Treede
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057785:Catheters; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators; Laser lead extraction; Pacemaker