title: Retrospective comparison of three thromboprophylaxis agents, edoxaban, fondaparinux, and enoxaparin, for preventing venous thromboembolism in total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are at high risk of venous thromboembolism, manifesting as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of edoxaban 15 mg once daily (o.d.) for preventing DVT in patients undergoing TKA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred patients undergoing primary TKA under general anaesthesia for osteoarthritis were enrolled in this study: 100 treated with enoxaparin 2,000 IU twice daily (b.i.d.), 100 treated with fondaparinux 1.5 mg o.d. and 100 treated with edoxaban 15 mg o.d.. All treatments were scheduled to continue for 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of DVT in patients treated with edoxaban 15 mg o.d. was lower than in patients with enoxaparin 2,000 IU b.i.d. and fondaparinux 1.5 mg o.d.. D-dimer levels were significantly lower in patients with edoxaban than in patients with enoxaparin and fondaparinux 1.5 mg o.d. on the first postoperative day; ΔHb levels were lower in patients with edoxaban than in patients with enoxaparin and fondaparinux on postoperative days, However, the difference was not statistically significant. Finally, the incidence of hepatic dysfunction was lower in patients with edoxaban than in patients with enoxaparin and fondaparinux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Edoxaban 15 mg o.d. was more efficient than enoxaparin 2,000 IU b.i.d. and fondaparinux 1.5 mg o.d.. Furthermore, edoxaban was safe compared with enoxaparin and fondaparinux. Edoxaban, an orally administered direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, may offer a new option for preventing DVT, with a level of evidence III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, 3-11-15, Shinohara-Kita, Nada, Kobe, 657-0068, Japan, orthosasaki@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibanuma
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tei
authors.forename: Hiroomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000077425:Fondaparinux; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000601:surgery; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011725:Pyridines; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077425:Fondaparinux; C552171:edoxaban