title: Coinfection of Pneumocystis jirovecii and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompromised patient: a diagnostic challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus as well as Pneumocystis pneumonia are serious and often lethal diseases in severely immunocompromised patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on a rare case of a pulmonary coinfection of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus in a 59-year-old female patient with a history of astrocytoma treated with high doses of corticosteroids and a subsequent CD4 lymphocyte count of 30/µl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A heightened clinical awareness and a stringent and accurate diagnostic work-up encompassing diagnostic tools to detect even coincident fungal infections is crucial for sufficient and early antifungal treatment in immunocompromised patients with lung infiltrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mannheim University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinwald
authors.forename: Dariush
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haghi
authors.forename: Wolf-Karsten
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buchheidt
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000276:immunology*; D055744:Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology