title: [Mechanics and effects of European reference pricing for vaccines in Germany according to §130a Abs. 2 SGB V: an analysis using the example of influenza vaccines].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  On 01 January 2011 the bill for the reorganisation of the pharmaceutical market became effective. Since that time there is a European reference pricing (ERP) system for vaccines in order to bring down the German vaccine prices to an assumed lower European level. This study describes the implementation, functioning and effect of this new system. For influenza vaccines the impact of ERP on the price level and spread of prices is analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The description of the mechanism is based on the law and corresponding regulations of the head association of sickness funds (GKV-SV). The analysis of vaccine prices is based on the data of the i:data report (status of 01 September 2011) of ifap Service Institute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The European reference price is calculated as the average price of the manufacturer-selling-prices of the corresponding vaccine in the 4 countries of the European Union whose gross national income comes closest to the German one and in which the vaccine is distributed. The relied prices are weighted by sales and purchasing power parities of the respective countries. This analysis suggests that in particular the practical implementation of the reference price system should be further improved and specified. The calculation of the reference prices should ensure price comparability. In addition, significant problems remain in the deduction of discounts, because no distinction is made in the documentation of vaccinating doctors, whether vaccination was performed as a compulsory or statutory benefit. The comparison of the manufacturer-selling-prices of individual influenza vaccines with the corresponding reference prices shows an enlargement of the existing price differences, which have evolved in a competitive environment, after the implementation of the reference pricing -system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is still a need for improvement in implementing the reference pricing system. In the most competitive vaccine market of influenza vaccines, the ERP-system lowers the prices, but seems to distort the market prices.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline GmbH & Co. KG, München.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hammerschmidt
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline GmbH & Co. KG, München.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vollmar
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bierbaum
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schöffski
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D003363:Cost Control; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005060:Europe; D005062:European Union; D005249:Fees and Charges / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005858:Germany; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D007880:Legislation, Drug / Q000191:economics*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines