title: Mechanical evaluation of quad-helix appliance made of low-nickel stainless steel wire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between stainless steel and low-nickel stainless steel wires as regards mechanical behavior. Force, resilience, and elastic modulus produced by Quad-helix appliances made of 0.032-inch and 0.036-inch wires were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty Quad-helix appliances were made, thirty for each type of alloy, being fifteen for each wire thickness, 0.032-in and 0.036-in. All the archwires were submitted to mechanical compression test using an EMIC DL-10000 machine simulating activations of 4, 6, 9, and 12 mm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparisons and Tukey's test were used (p < 0.05) to assess force, resilience, and elastic modulus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant difference in the forces generated, resilience and elastic modulus were found between the 0.032-in and 0.036-in thicknesses (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appliances made of low-nickel stainless steel alloy had force, resilience, and elastic modulus similar to those made of stainless steel alloy.
authors.forename: Rogério Lacerda
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Matheus Melo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pithon
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel
keywords: Hypersensitivity; Nickel; Orthodontic appliances