title: Toxicological effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes adsorbed with nonylphenol on earthworm Eisenia fetida.
abstract: The high surface area of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) tends to adsorb a large variety of toxic chemicals, which may enhance the toxicity of both MWCNTs and chemicals to organisms. In order to evaluate the combined toxicity of nonylphenol (NP) and MWCNTs to the earthworm Eisenia fetida in soil, artificial soil systems containing distilled water, 0.1 g kg(-1) MWCNTs, 1 g kg(-1) MWCNTs, 1 g kg(-1) MWCNTs absorbed 5 mg kg(-1) NP, and 10 mg kg(-1) NP alone were prepared and exposed to earthworms for 7 days. Antioxidative responses, and activities of cellulase, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (TChE) as well as DNA damage were chosen as toxicological endpoints. The results showed that 1 g kg(-1) MWCNTs adsorbed 5 mg kg(-1) NP from the soil which caused much more adverse effects on the earthworms than each chemical alone, evident from the responses of cellulase, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and comet assay. This study indicated that MWCNTs facilitated the bioavailability of NP to the earthworm and increased the harmful effects of NP.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China. meili@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Changwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010636:Phenols; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C025256:nonylphenol