title: Mixed neuronal-glial tumor in the temporal lobe of an infant: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumors that arise in the temporal lobes of infants and spread to the neural system are limited to several diagnoses. Herein, we present an infantile case of a temporal tumor showing neuronal and glial differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 9-month-old boy with low body weight due to intrauterine growth retardation. At 9 months after birth, he presented partial seizures. Computed tomography scanning revealed a mass (35 * 40 mm) in the left temporal lobe. Isointensity was noted on magnetic resonance T1-weighted images and fluid attenuation inversion recovery images. The tumor was heterogeneously enhanced with gadolinium. Positron emission tomography showed high methionine uptake in the tumor. During surgery, the tumor, which was elastic and soft and bled easily, was gross totally resected. A moderately clear boundary was noted between the tumor and normal brain parenchyma. Histologically, the tumor mainly comprised a ganglioglioma-like portion and short spindle cells at different densities. The former was immunohistochemically positive for some kinds of neuronal markers including synaptophysin. The spindle cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but desmoplasia was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tumor contained both neuronal and glial elements; the former were the main constituents of the tumor and included several ganglion-like cells. Because neuronal elements gradually transited to glial cells, a mixed neuronal-glial tumor was diagnosed.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2045126100982604.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan. hirohito@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Chiemi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saigoh
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwama
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018303:Ganglioglioma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor