title: [Measurement invariance of the German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 20) among males and females with and without a history of migration].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The measurement invariance of the German version of the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D 20) among men and women with and without migration background has not been studied yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2786 employed persons without (female n = 1772, male n = 598) and with an immigrant background (female n = 301, male n = 115) were included in the study. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for the strong factorial invariance and to estimate latent mean differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factorial structure is invariat 1) across the female sub-sample, full scalar invariance is achieved, 2) compared to male non-migrants and female sub-sample, partial scalar invariance is achieved. 3) The male migrants show a different, three-factor structure with a mix-factor of depressive affect/somatic complaints. 4) Female migrants have significantly higher latent mean values in subscales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement invariance of the German CES-D 20 is given to that extent that meaningful comparisons in correlative coefficient and latent mean values can be made.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Abteilung Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie.
authors.forename: Saša
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maksimović
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Abteilung Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegenbein
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Abteilung Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie.
authors.forename: Wielant
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Machleidt
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Abteilung Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sieberer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating