title: Metabolomic analysis and differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in white- and red-flowered buckwheat cultivars (Fagopyrum esculentum).
abstract: Red-flowered buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) is used in the production of tea, juice, and alcohols after the detoxification of fagopyrin. In order to investigate the metabolomics and regulatory of anthocyanin production in red-flowered (Gan-Chao) and white-flowered (Tanno) buckwheat cultivars, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were conducted. The transcriptions of FePAL, FeC4H, Fe4CL1, FeF3H, FeANS, and FeDFR increased gradually from flowering stage 1 and reached their highest peaks at flowering stage 3 in Gan-Chao flower. In total 44 metabolites, 18 amino acids, 15 organic acids, 7 sugars, 3 sugar alcohols, and 1 amine were detected in Gan-Chao flowers. Two anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, were identified in Gan-Chao cultivar. The first component of the partial least-squares to latent structures-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that high amounts of phenolic, shikimic, and pyruvic acids were present in Gan-Chao. We suggest that transcriptions of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, anthocyanin contents, and metabolites have correlation in the red-flowered buckwheat Gan-Chao flowers. Our results may be helpful to understand anthocyanin biosynthesis in red-flowered buckwheat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Bok
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Aye Aye
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thwe
authors.forename: Jeong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Tastsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Sun-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Kwang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Un
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010940:Plant Proteins