title: The scientific basis for chelation: animal studies and lead chelation.
abstract: This presentation summarizes several of the rodent and non-human studies that we have conducted to help inform the efficacy and clinical utility of succimer (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccincinic acid) chelation treatment. We address the following questions: (1) What is the extent of body lead, and in particular brain lead reduction with chelation, and do reductions in blood lead accurately reflect reductions in brain lead? (2) Can succimer treatment alleviate the neurobehavioral impacts of lead poisoning? And (3) does succimer treatment, in the absence of lead poisoning, produce neurobehavioral deficits? Results from our studies in juvenile primates show that succimer treatment is effective at accelerating the elimination of lead from the body, but chelation was only marginally better than the complete cessation of lead exposure alone. Studies in lead-exposed adult primates treated with a single 19-day course of succimer showed that chelation did not measurably reduce brain lead levels compared to vehicle-treated controls. A follow-up study in rodents that underwent one or two 21-day courses of succimer treatment showed that chelation significantly reduced brain lead levels, and that two courses of succimer were significantly more efficacious at reducing brain lead levels than one. In both the primate and rodent studies, reductions in blood lead levels were a relatively poor predictor of reductions in brain lead levels. Our studies in rodents demonstrated that it is possible for succimer chelation therapy to alleviate certain types of lead-induced behavioral/cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that if a succimer treatment protocol that produced a substantial reduction of brain lead levels could be identified for humans, a functional benefit might be derived. Finally, we also found that succimer treatment produced lasting adverse neurobehavioral effects when administered to non-lead-exposed rodents, highlighting the potential risks of administering succimer or other metal-chelating agents to children who do not have elevated tissue lead levels. It is of significant concern that this type of therapy has been advocated for treating autism.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, drsmith@ucsc.edu.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Strupp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001822:Body Burden; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015913:Chelation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D004113:Succimer / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D007854:Lead; D004113:Succimer