title: The role of the Gadd45 family in the nervous system: a focus on neurodevelopment, neuronal injury, and cognitive neuroepigenetics.
abstract: The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (Gadd)45 proteins have been associated with numerous cellular mechanisms including cell-cycle control, DNA damage sensation and repair, genotoxic stress, neoplasia, and molecular epigenetics. The genes were originally identified in in vitro screens of irradiation- and interleukin-induced transcription and have since been implicated in a host of normal and aberrant central nervous system processes. These include early and postnatal development, injury, cancer, memory, aging, and neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease states. The proteins act through a variety of molecular signaling cascades including the MAPK cascade, cell-cycle control mechanisms, histone regulation, and epigenetic DNA demethylation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the literature implicating each of the three members of the Gadd45 family in these processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby 1010, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Faraz A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sweatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020196:Trauma, Nervous System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D006657:Histones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C439070:GADD45A protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins; C086470:GADD45B protein, human; C485654:GADD45G protein, human