title: The role of curvature in silica mesoporous crystals.
abstract: Silica mesoporous crystals (SMCs) offer a unique opportunity to study micellar mesophases. Replication of non-equilibrium mesophases into porous silica structures allows the characterization of surfactant phases under a variety of chemical and physical perturbations, through methods not typically accessible to liquid crystal chemists. A poignant example is the use of electron microscopy and crystallography, as discussed herein, for the purpose of determining the fundamental role of amphiphile curvature, namely mean curvature and Gaussian curvature, which have been extensively studied in various fields such as polymer, liquid crystal, biological membrane, etc. The present work aims to highlight some current studies devoted to the interface curvature on SMCs, in which electron microscopy and electron crystallography (EC) are used to understand the geometry of silica wall surface in bicontinuous and cage-type mesostructures through the investigation of electrostatic potential maps. Additionally, we show that by altering the synthesis conditions during the preparation of SMCs, it is possible to isolate particles during micellar mesophase transformations in the cubic bicontinuous system, allowing us to view and study epitaxial relations under the specific synthesis conditions. By studying the relationship between mesoporous structure, interface curvature and micellar mesophases using electron microscopy and EC, we hope to bring new insights into the formation mechanism of these unique materials but also contribute a new way of understanding periodic liquid crystal systems.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of EEWS (WCU) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701 , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia Bennett
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Changhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Toen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Shunai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Terasaki
keywords: Gaussian curvature; electron crystallography; mean curvature; silica mesoporous crystals; surfactant packing parameter