title: Pharmacogenetics of antiplatelets and anticoagulants: a report on clopidogrel, warfarin and dabigatran.
abstract: Genetic polymorphisms are thought to contribute to the wide intraindividual variability in antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug response. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genetic variants influence drug response and how the adoption of a more personalized approach in antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy may help to minimize harmful drug effects and optimize care for individual patients. However, due to sometimes conflicting evidence, the uptake of pharmacogenetics in the clinical setting has been slow. In this article, we review the genetic mechanisms contributing to the variability in response to three commonly used and emerging antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug therapies, namely clopidogrel, warfarin and dabigatran. We will focus on common genetic variants that influence the absorption, metabolism and/or action of these agents, including CYP2C19 (*2, *3 and *17), CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, ABCB1, P2RY12, CYP2C9 (*2/*3), VKORC1 and CESI.
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital Campus, DB-CVSRI, 237 Barton Street East, Room C3103, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paré
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000069604:Dabigatran; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D015091:beta-Alanine; D014859:Warfarin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000069604:Dabigatran; D013988:Ticlopidine