title: [Functional dysphonia and vocal cord nodules in teachers in Navarra, Spain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe teachers treated for dysphonia and vocal cord nodules by the public health system in Navarra (Spain), to describe associated factors and to identify the proportion of these cases registered as occupational diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of dysphonia occurring in persons between the age of 18 and 65 years, registered between May 2010 and June 2011, and treated in a specific unit (Speech Unit) of Otorhinolaryngology Services were identified. Information on occupation, sex and clinical diagnosis was collected. For teachers, additional information was obtained on smoking habits, teaching level and prior training in speech disorders and their prevention. Cases declared as occupational diseases were identified from the official Register of Occupational Diseases of Navarra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  135 teachers (18% of all dysphonia patients in the sample) were treated for dysphonia in the Speech Unit (87% women). Being female was 3-fold higher among teachers than other occupations (crude prevalence odds ratio = 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 2.1-5.9). Female teachers were also 6.5 years (95%CI, 1.7-11.4) younger than male teachers. No association was found between smoking and risk of vocal cord nodules or dysphonia. Only 20% of teachers treated had received training on speech disorders and their prevention. Nine out of 83 cases of vocal cord nodules diagnosed in professional voice users were officially declared as occupational diseases; in all cases, these were teachers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysphonia in teachers is a frequent reason for visiting a specialty clinic. Among these professionals, women showed a higher risk of suffering from vocal cord nodules. Most cases of vocal cord nodules in our sample were not reported as occupational diseases.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Navarra. Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra (ISPLN), Spain.
authors.forename: María Prado
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Palomino Moreno
authors.forename: Asier
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoyo Rodríguez
authors.forename: Vega
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García López
authors.forename: Juan Tomás
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Losantos Martínez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013030:Spain; D014827:Vocal Cords; D055815:Young Adult