title: Haplotype variation of Glu-D1 locus and the origin of Glu-D1d allele conferring superior end-use qualities in common wheat.
abstract: In higher plants, seed storage proteins (SSPs) are frequently expressed from complex gene families, and allelic variation of SSP genes often affects the quality traits of crops. In common wheat, the Glu-D1 locus, encoding 1Dx and 1Dy SSPs, has multiple alleles. The Glu-D1d allele frequently confers superior end-use qualities to commercial wheat varieties. Here, we studied the haplotype structure of Glu-D1 genomic region and the origin of Glu-D1d. Using seven diagnostic DNA markers, 12 Glu-D1 haplotypes were detected among common wheat, European spelt wheat (T. spelta, a primitive hexaploid relative of common wheat), and Aegilops tauschii (the D genome donor of hexaploid wheat). By comparatively analyzing Glu-D1 haplotypes and their associated 1Dx and 1Dy genes, we deduce that the haplotype carrying Glu-D1d was likely differentiated in the ancestral hexaploid wheat around 10,000 years ago, and was subsequently transmitted to domesticated common wheat and T. spelta. A group of relatively ancient Glu-D1 haplotypes was discovered in Ae. tauschii, which may serve for the evolution of other haplotypes. Moreover, a number of new Glu-D1d variants were found in T. spelta. The main steps in Glu-D1d differentiation are proposed. The implications of our work for enhancing the utility of Glu-D1d in wheat quality improvement and studying the SSP alleles in other crop species are discussed.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosomal Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhenying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yushuang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kunpu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yong Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Olin D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huanju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Daowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D055314:Seed Storage Proteins