title: Inactivation of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum under in vitro and in vivo conditions by using UV-C light.
abstract: In this study, the effects of UV-C on two of the main wound pathogens of citrus fruits, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, were investigated with different inoculation methods in vitro and on oranges. P. digitatum and P. italicum spores were inoculated onto the surface of potato dextrose agar or oranges using spread, spot, wound, and piercing inoculation methods. UV-C treatment for 1 min from a working distance of 8 cm reduced the numbers of P. italicum and P. digitatum by about 3.9 and 5.3 log units, respectively, following spread inoculation under in vitro conditions. Significant reductions were obtained after 1-min UV-C treatments of the tested fungi following inoculation using the spread and spot methods. With inoculation by the wound and piercing methods, the tested spores were not inactivated completely even after 10- and 20-min treatment times, respectively. The application of UV-C (7.92 kJ m(-2)) on oranges reduced the percentage of oranges infected at least threefold compared with the rate of infection in the untreated control samples. UV-C irradiation could effectively inactivate spores of P. italicum and P. digitatum inoculated by the spread plate and spot inoculation methods under in vitro and in vivo conditions. On the other hand, because of the low penetration ability of UV-C light, the tested fungi were not completely inactivated following inoculation with the wound and piercing methods. UV-C treatment has potential for use in surface decontamination of citrus fruits.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;, Email: gulten.tiryaki.gunduz@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Gülten Tıryakı
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Gündüz
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pazir
mesh_terms: D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005514:Food Irradiation; D010407:Penicillium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays