title: Neuropsychological outcome after deep brain stimulation in the ventral capsule/ventral striatum for highly refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder or major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise as a treatment for severe, highly treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). We describe the neuropsychological outcome in 21 patients (10 OCD and 11 MDD) who received DBS in the anterior limb of the internal capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients completed a preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological battery. Average duration of DBS stimulation was 8.91 months (SD = 4.63) at the time of follow-up testing. Data were analyzed using practice-effect-corrected change scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant cognitive declines were seen. There were significant improvements in prose passage recall after chronic DBS. The cognitive improvements were not related to change in severity of OCD, depression or global impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that VC/VS DBS does not result in cognitive declines. The observations that verbal memory improved are consistent with current theories on the role of the VS in the memory, but require replication in larger studies.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kubu
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chelune
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.forename: Ali R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rezai
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friehs
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020772:Internal Capsule / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome