title: Micro magnetofluidics: droplet manipulation of double emulsions based on paramagnetic ionic liquids.
abstract: The ability to control and manipulate discrete fluid droplets by magnetic fields offers new opportunities in microfluidics. A surfactant-free and easy to realize technique for the continuous generation of double emulsion droplets, composed of an organic solvent and a paramagnetic ionic liquid, is applied. The inner phase of the emulsion droplet consists of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with either iron, manganese, nickel or dysprosium containing anions which provide paramagnetic behaviour. The double emulsion droplets are dispersed in a continuous phase of FC-40. All substances - the organic phase, the paramagnetic ionic liquid and the continuous phase -are immiscible. The magnetic properties of ionic liquids allow, through the influence of external magnetic fields, the manipulation of individual emulsion droplets such as capture and release, rotation and distortion. Arrays of magnets allow a coalescence of emulsion droplets and their subsequent mixing by flowing through an alternating permanent magnetic field. In addition, the double emulsion droplets can be split and reunified, or continuously separated into their original phases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. loewe@uni-mainz.de misukv@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Misuk
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Giannopoulos
authors.forename: Falah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alobaid
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Epple
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loewe
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry; D004419:Dysprosium / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008280:Magnetics; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D004655:Emulsions; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D004419:Dysprosium; D008345:Manganese; C029899:imidazole; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron