title: Intracerebral hemorrhage and delirium symptoms. Length of stay, function, and quality of life in a 114-patient cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognostic significance of delirium symptoms in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with focal neurologic injury is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between delirium symptoms and subsequent functional outcomes and quality of life (QOL) after intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 114 patients. Delirium symptoms were routinely assessed twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU by trained nurses. Functional outcomes were recorded with modified Rankin Scale (scored from 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [dead]), and QOL outcomes with Neuro-QOL at 28 days, 3 months, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one (27%) patients had delirium symptoms ("ever delirious"), 67 (59%) were never delirious, and the remainder (14%) had persistent coma. Delirium symptoms were nearly always hypoactive, were detected mean 6 days after intracerebral hemorrhage presentation, and were associated with longer ICU length of stay (mean 3.5 d longer in ever vs. never delirious patients; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-8.3; P = 0.004) after correction for age, admit National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale, and any benzodiazepine exposure. Delirium symptoms were associated with increased odds of poor outcome at 28 days (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-52.5; P = 0.018) after correction for admission NIH Stroke Scale and age, and with worse QOL in the domains of applied cognition-executive function and fatigue after correcting for the NIH Stroke Scale, age, benzodiazepine exposure, and time of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After focal neurologic injury, delirium symptoms were common despite low rates of infection and sedation exposure, and were predictive of subsequent worse functional outcomes and lower QOL.
authors.affiliation: 1 Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Naidech
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.forename: Neil F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kosteva
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ault
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.forename: E Wesley
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Ely
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020407:Internet; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires