title: Novel approach to estimate kidney and cyst volumes using mid-slice magnetic resonance images in polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether kidney and cyst volumes can be accurately estimated based on limited area measurements from magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  MR coronal images of 178 ADPKD participants from the Consortium for Radiologic Imaging Studies of ADPKD (CRISP) were analyzed. For each MR image slice, we measured kidney and renal cyst areas using stereology and region-based thresholding methods, respectively. The kidney and cyst 'observed' volumes were calculated by summing up the area measurements of all the slices covering the kidney. To estimate the volume, we selected a coronal mid-slice in each kidney and multiplied its area by the total number of slices ('PANK2' for kidney and 'PANC2' for cyst). We then compared the kidney and cyst volumes predicted from PANK2 and PANC2, respectively, to the corresponding observed volumes, using a linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kidney volume predicted from PANK2 correlated extremely well with the observed kidney volume (R(2) = 0.994 for the right kidney and 0.991 for the left kidney). The linear regression coefficient multiplier to PANK2 that best fit the kidney volume was 0.637 (95% CI: 0.629-0.644) for the right kidney and 0.624 (95% CI: 0.616-0.633) for the left kidney. The correlation between the cyst volume predicted from PANC2 and the observed cyst volume was also very high (R(2) = 0.984 for the right kidney and 0.967 for the left kidney). The least squares linear regression coefficient for PANC2 was 0.637 (95% CI: 0.624-0.649) for the right kidney and 0.608 (95% CI: 0.591-0.625) for the left kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney and cyst volumes can be closely approximated by multiplying the product of the mid-slice area measurement and the total number of slices in the coronal MR images of ADPKD kidneys by 0.61-0.64. This information will help save processing time needed to estimate total kidney and cyst volumes of ADPKD kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA.
authors.forename: Kyongtae T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Jinhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Junu T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Arlene B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Vicente E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Jared J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grantham
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mrug
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Flessner
authors.forename: Doug P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Landsittel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult