title: The human specialized DNA polymerases and non-B DNA: vital relationships to preserve genome integrity.
abstract: In addition to the canonical right-handed double helix, DNA molecule can adopt several other non-B DNA structures. Readily formed in the genome at specific DNA repetitive sequences, these secondary conformations present a distinctive challenge for progression of DNA replication forks. Impeding normal DNA synthesis, cruciforms, hairpins, H DNA, Z DNA and G4 DNA considerably impact the genome stability and in some instances play a causal role in disease development. Along with previously discovered dedicated DNA helicases, the specialized DNA polymerases emerge as major actors performing DNA synthesis through these distorted impediments. In their new role, they are facilitating DNA synthesis on replication stalling sites formed by non-B DNA structures and thereby helping the completion of DNA replication, a process otherwise crucial for preserving genome integrity and concluding normal cell division. This review summarizes the evidence gathered describing the function of specialized DNA polymerases in replicating DNA through non-B DNA structures.
authors.affiliation: Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, INSERM Unit 1037, ERL5294 CNRS, Le Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse BP3028, CHU Purpan, 31024 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UPS, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Srdana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grgurevic
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cazaux
authors.forename: Jean-Sébastien
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D004261:DNA Replication; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D015894:Genome, Human; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
keywords: DNA replication; PCNA; TLS; genetic instability; non-B DNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; specialized DNA polymerases; translesional synthesis