title: Evaluation of new tools for malaria vector control in Cameroon: focus on long lasting insecticidal nets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  From 2006 to 2011, biological activity of insecticides for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), conventional treatment of nets (CTNs) or long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) was evaluated before their approval in Cameroon. The objective of the study was to select the best tools for universal malaria vector control coverage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioassays were performed using WHO cones and the Kisumu susceptible strain of Anopheles gambiae s.s.. Among tested products, residual activity and wash resistance of Alpha-cypermethrin LLINs (Interceptor) and CTNs (Fendona) were assessed during 5 months in the Ntougou neighborhood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the 14 tested products were found effective (95-100% knockdown and mortality rates), although a significant decrease of efficacy was seen with lambda-cyhalothrinWP IRS, alpha-cypermethrin CTNs and LLINs (p< 0.05). However, the efficacy of Interceptor nets did not decrease during the 5 months evaluation, even after 25 washes (0.07<p< 0.9). Meanwhile Fendona SC nets displayed a drastic decrease of activity after 5 washes, odds ratio was 3.07 (1.0-8.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided useful data for decision making and community education toward universal coverage of malaria vector control in Cameroon.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon ; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Etang
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nwane
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piameu
authors.forename: Blaise
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manga
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Souop
authors.forename: Parfait
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Awono-Ambene
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D002163:Cameroon; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D057148:Insecticide-Treated Bednets; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin