title: An eight month randomized controlled exercise intervention alters resting state synchrony in overweight children.
abstract: Children with low aerobic fitness have altered brain function compared to higher-fit children. This study examined the effect of an 8-month exercise intervention on resting state synchrony. Twenty-two sedentary, overweight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) children 8-11 years old were randomly assigned to one of two after-school programs: aerobic exercise (n=13) or sedentary attention control (n=9). Before and after the 8-month programs, all subjects participated in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Independent components analysis identified several networks, with four chosen for between-group analysis: salience, default mode, cognitive control, and motor networks. The default mode, cognitive control, and motor networks showed more spatial refinement over time in the exercise group compared to controls. The motor network showed increased synchrony in the exercise group with the right medial frontal gyrus compared to controls. Exercise behavior may enhance brain development in children.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: krafft@uga.edu.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: jepierce@uga.edu.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: schwarz@uga.edu.
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: lingxi@uga.edu.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: abbywein@uga.edu.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: djschaef@uga.edu.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: alr4655@uga.edu.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rodrigue
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. Electronic address: jcamchong@nbresearch.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camchong
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1102 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: jallison@gru.edu.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1102 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: nyanasak@gru.edu.
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Yanasak
authors.affiliation: Computer Science Department, 415 Boyd Graduate Studies Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: tliu@cs.uga.edu.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Center, Medical College of Georgia, Institute of Public & Preventive Health, Georgia Regents University, HS-1640, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: cadavis@gru.edu.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Neuroscience Department, Psychology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: jemcd@uga.edu.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: McDowell
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D050177:Overweight / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010100:Oxygen; D012146:Rest
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: AFNI; ANOVA; Analysis of Functional Neuroimages; BOLD; CAS; CC; Cognitive Assessment System; DMN; FMRIB Software Libraries; FOV; FSL; ICA; Independent Component Analysis; MNI; Montreal Neurological Institute; RSNs; TE; TR; aerobic exercise; analysis of variance; blood oxygenation level-dependent; cognitive control; default mode; default mode network; development; echo time; fMRI; field of view; functional magnetic resonance imaging; obesity; repetition time; resting state fMRI; resting state networks; rsfMRI