title: Severe slipped upper femoral epiphysis; fish osteotomy versus pinning-in-situ: an eleven year perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) is not common with a reported incidence of 10 per 100 000. The management of SUFE is controversial and evolving, with advancing surgical skills and expertise. The infrequency of cases, the various classifications in use, the various surgical treatments, and lack of robust evidence for outcomes, has resulted in the lack of clear, evidence-based recommendations for treatment. Although mild slip can be treated with pinning-in-situ (PIS) with predictably good outcome, moderate and severe slips present a challenge for the treating surgeons. It is logical to reduce the slip to near anatomical position; however, this desire has always been tempered by concerns about the potentially devastating complications of osteonecrosis and Chondrolysis
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a single centre, retrospective study comparing (PIS) and Fish femoral neck osteotomy. Seventy four children presented with SUFE (90 hips). The mild and the moderate groups were treated with a single pining-in-situ (PIS). The severe group had either a surgical reduction by Fish femoral neck osteotomy or PIS. The study was approved by the regional and local ethic committee. Demographic data, clinical findings, radiographic features were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (osteonecrosis) was the primary outcome. There were 11 cases of osteonecrosis (12.2%): 3/41(6.9%) in the stable group compared to 7/22 (31.8%) in the unstable group, statistically significant [P < 0.001]. In the severe slip group, the osteonecrosis rate was 33.3% in the PIS group and 26.6% in the Fish osteotomy (P = 0.539). This is not statistically significant, but the trend favours surgical reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Then reduction of the deformity is valuable. The majority of cases that do not suffer osteonecrosis will benefit by reduction of the deformity; those who are destined to develop osteonecrosis are still better off with the femoral head in a reduced position. The unstable slip is more likely to be severe and more likely therefore to receive surgical reduction than a stable and less severe hip. The implication here is that the osteotomy might not be the cause of the osteonecrosis; it is the vascular damage due to the instability of the slip that is responsible.
authors.affiliation: The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK. Electronic address: Sattar26@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Sattar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alshryda
authors.affiliation: The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK. Electronic address: kst396@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsnag
authors.affiliation: The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK. Electronic address: mubashshar@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Mubshshar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK. Electronic address: Akinwanda.Adedapo@stees.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Akinwanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adedapo
authors.affiliation: The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK. Electronic address: richard.montgomery@stees.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D060048:Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Avascular necrosis; Fish osteotomy; Osteonecrosis; Pinning-in-situ; SCFE; SUFE; Slipped upper femoral epiphysis