title: Single-laboratory validation of a multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of coccidiostats in eggs and feed.
abstract: Coccidiostats are authorized in the European Union (EU) to be used as poultry feed additives. Maximum (residue) levels (M(R)Ls) have been set within the EU for consumer and animal protection against unintended carry-over, and monitoring is compulsory. This paper describes the single-laboratory validation of a previously developed multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay (FCIA) as screening method for coccidiostats in eggs and feed and provides and compares different approaches for the calculation of the cut-off levels which are not described in detail within Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Comparable results were obtained between the statistical (reference) approach and the rapid approaches. With the most rapid approach, the cut-off levels for narasin/salinomycin, lasalocid, diclazuril, nicarbazin (DNC) and monensin in egg, calculated as percentages of inhibition (%B/B0), were 60, 32, 76, 80 and 84, respectively. In feed, the cut-off levels for narasin/salinomycin, lasalocid, nicarbazin (DNC) and monensin were 70, 64, 72 and 78, respectively, and could not be determined for diclazuril. For all analytes, except for diclazuril in feed, the rate of false positives (false non-compliant) in blank samples was lower than 1 %, and the rate of false negatives (false compliant) at the M(R)Ls was below 5 %. Additionally, very good correlations (r ranging from 0.994 to 0.9994) were observed between two different analysers, a sophisticated flow cytometer (FlexMAP 3D(®)) and a more cost-efficient and transportable planar imaging detector (MAGPIX(®)), hence demonstrating adequate transferability.
authors.affiliation: RIKILT Wageningen UR (Institute of Food Safety), P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands, monique.bienenmann@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Monique E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bienenmann-Ploum
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Anne-Catherine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Huet
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haasnoot
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delahaut
authors.forename: Linda A A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Stolker
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Michel W F
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nielen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000032:analysis*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003049:Coccidiostats