title: Usefulness of 3D transperineal ultrasound in severe stenosis of the anal canal: preliminary experience in four cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organic or functional anal canal stenoses are uncommon conditions that occur in the majority of cases as a consequence of anal diseases. A proper assessment is fundamental for decision making; however, proctological examination and endoanal ultrasound are often unfeasible or very difficult to perform even under local or general anesthesia. We therefore began to use 3D transperineal ultrasound to assess patients. The aim of this study was to compare the results of evacuation proctography and 3D transperineal ultrasound in patients with severe anal canal stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four consecutive patients with high-grade anal canal stenosis were evaluated using both proctography and 3D transperineal ultrasound with a micro-convex transducer between March and June 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, 3D transperineal ultrasound provided detailed information on the length and level of stenosis and on the integrity of the anal sphincters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary experience suggests that 3D transperineal ultrasound makes it possible to plan optimal surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Proctology, Hospital at Solec, 00-382, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kołodziejczak
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Słapa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szopiński
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sudoł-Szopińska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland