title: Microbial community structure and functioning in marine sediments associated with diffuse hydrothermal venting assessed by integrated meta-omics.
abstract: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are unique environments on Earth, as they host chemosynthetic ecosystems fuelled by geochemical energy with chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms at the basis of the food webs. Whereas discrete high-temperature venting systems have been studied extensively, the microbiotas associated with low-temperature diffuse venting are not well understood. We analysed the structure and functioning of microbial communities in two diffuse venting sediments from the Jan Mayen vent fields in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, applying an integrated 'omics' approach combining metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metagenomics. Polymerase chain reaction-independent three-domain community profiling showed that the two sediments hosted highly similar communities dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, besides ciliates, nematodes and various archaeal taxa. Active metabolic pathways were identified through transcripts and peptides, with genes of sulphur and methane oxidation, and carbon fixation pathways highly expressed, in addition to genes of aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate and sulphate) respiratory chains. High expression of chemotaxis and flagella genes reflected a lifestyle in a dynamic habitat rich in physico-chemical gradients. The major metabolic pathways could be assigned to distinct taxonomic groups, thus enabling hypotheses about the function of the different prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa. This study advances our understanding of the functioning of microbial communities in diffuse hydrothermal venting sediments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urich
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzén
authors.forename: Runar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stokke
authors.forename: Rolf B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Ingunn H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Thorseth
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schleper
authors.forename: Ida H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ovreas
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D057486:Carbon Cycle; D020564:Deltaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D020565:Epsilonproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D006116:Greenland; D060086:Hydrothermal Vents / Q000382:microbiology*; D054892:Metagenome; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009664:Norway; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D020543:Proteome; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013455:Sulfur; D008697:Methane