title: Three-dimensional printing model of anomalous bronchi before surgery.
abstract: Lung surgeries in patients with bronchial variations have rarely been reported. Here, we describe the case of a patient along with lung cancer with variant anatomy of the right upper lobe bronchus. This variation was evaluated by three-dimensional multi-detector computed tomography angiography with bronchography and a three-dimensional printing model using rapid prototyping. The variant anterior segment bronchus (S3) of the right upper lobe arising from the middle lobe bronchus was confirmed before surgery using the printing model, which helped to determine the extent of resection required and facilitated the understanding of the patient's anatomy during surgery. A thoracoscopic anterior segmentectomy and middle lobectomy were performed. The printing model was useful for detecting and evaluating the variant bronchi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakada
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D001980:Bronchi / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001995:Bronchography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed