title: Anatomical study of variations in the blood supply of kidneys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Each kidney is supplied by a single renal artery and a single renal vein, which accounts for about 20% of the cardiac output. However, variations in the form of level of origin and arrangement of renal arteries are so frequent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to note the vascular anatomy of kidneys with respect to the variations in their origin, course and any aberrant vessels which were present.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study material comprised of 15 formalin fixed human cadavers. During routine abdominal dissection for undergraduate students, the kidneys were exposed and the blood supply, along with its variations, were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following anatomical findings are observed in this study: (i) Accessory renal arteries (ii) Presegmental arteries (iii) Upper polar arteries (iv) Lower polar arteries (v) Inferior suprarenal artery from accessory renal artery and (vi) Accessory renal vein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of the normal as well variational anatomy is mandatory for the surgeons, radiologists and urologists, for doing any uroradiological procedures or angiographic studies. Hence, this study will serve a useful guideline for the above mentioned procedures.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Institute , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aristotle
authors.lastname: Sundarapandian
authors.forename: Christilda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Felicia
keywords: Accessory renal artery; Renal artery; Renal vein; Variation