title: Physiological and biochemical changes after boldenone injection in adult rabbits.
abstract: Boldenone (BOL) is an androgenic steroid that improves the growth and food conversion in food-producing animals. In most countries worldwide, this anabolic steroid is forbidden for human uses and meat production as it was developed for veterinary use. Recently, BOL is used by bodybuilders in both off season and pre-contest, where it is well known for increasing vascularity while preparing for a bodybuilding contest. The present study was designed to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes in rabbits after injection with the growth promoter BOL. A total of 32 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups, where the control group includes animals that were injected intramuscularly with olive oil and dissected after 3 weeks. The remaining three experimental groups included animals that received one, two and three intramuscular injections of 5 mg/kg body weight BOL, respectively, and were dissected after 3, 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. The animals from practice appeared healthy and did not show clinical signs of disease and none of the rabbits died during the experimental period. Serum total protein, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly increased while serum direct bilirubin, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after one, two and three intramuscular injections of BOL as compared to their relative values in the control group. These findings explain the common phenomena in athletes and bodybuilders who suffer from infertility, renal and hepatic alterations following injection with some drugs as steroids (BOL) to build muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tousson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Moghazy
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Afaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Atrash
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt osama_sweef@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sweef
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akel
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005916:Globulins / Q000378:metabolism; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D005916:Globulins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013739:Testosterone; C013915:boldenone; D014508:Urea; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Steroids; boldenone; liver and kidney functions; rabbit; sexual hormones