title: U22 protocol as measure of symptomatic improvement after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left atrial catheter ablation is useful as symptomatic treatment in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Evaluation requires measurement of arrhythmia-related symptoms. Many of the published protocols have drawbacks and have been used in AF only, with no possible comparison to other ablations that compete for the same resources. U22 is a published protocol that quantifies paroxysmal tachycardia symptoms through scales with 11 answer alternatives, translated into discrete numerical scales 0-10. It has been shown to reflect the clinical improvement after ablation of supraventricular tachycardia. Here we report the use of U22 in measuring improvement after catheter ablation for AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 105 patients underwent first-time ablation for AF and answered U22 and SF-36 forms at baseline and follow-up 304 (SD 121) days after ablation. Independently, the patients underwent a clinical follow-up. All decisions regarding medication and reablation were taken without knowledge of the symptom scores. Results. The U22 scores for well-being, arrhythmia as cause for impaired well-being, derived time-aspect score for arrhythmia, and discomfort during attack detected relevant improvements of symptoms after the ablation. U22 showed larger improvement in patients undergoing only one procedure than in patients who later underwent repeated interventions, thus reflecting the independent clinical decision for reablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  U22 quantifies the symptomatic improvement after AF ablation with adequate internal consistency and construct validity. U22 mirrors aspects of the arrhythmia symptomatology other than SF-36.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, University Hospital , S-901 85 Umeå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Höglund
authors.forename: Folke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rönn
authors.forename: Titti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tollefsen
authors.forename: Steen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kesek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000592:standards; D013614:Tachycardia, Paroxysmal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016896:Treatment Outcome