title: The effects of the antibiotics ampicillin, florfenicol, sulfamethazine, and tylosin on biogas production and their degradation efficiency during anaerobic digestion.
abstract: The impacts of four common animal husbandry antibiotics (ampicillin, florfenicol, sulfamethazine, and tylosin) on anaerobic digestion (AD) treatment efficiency and the potential for antibiotic degradation during digestion were evaluated. Sulfamethazine and ampicillin exhibited no impact on total biogas production up to 280 and 350 mg/L, respectively, although ampicillin inhibited biogas production rates during early stages of AD. Tylosin reduced biogas production by 10-38% between 130 and 913 mg/L. Florfenicol reduced biogas by ≈ 5%, 40% and 75% at 6.4, 36 and 210 mg/L, respectively. These antibiotic concentrations are higher than commonly seen for mixed feedlot manure, so impacts on full scale AD should be minimal. Antibiotic degradation products were found, confirming AD effectively degraded ampicillin, florfenicol, and tylosin, although some products were persistent throughout the process. Contamination of AD solid and liquid effluents with sulfamethazine and antibiotic transformation products from florfenicol and tylosin could present an environmental concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, 405 Spokane Street, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ullman
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teel
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frear
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000693:Anaerobiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056804:Biofuels; D019149:Bioreactors; D002417:Cattle; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D008372:Manure; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015645:Tylosin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D056804:Biofuels; D002733:Chlorophenols; D008372:Manure; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D000667:Ampicillin; C035534:florfenicol; C116190:3,5-dichlorophenol; D013839:Thiamphenicol; D015645:Tylosin
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Antibiotic degradation; Biogas; Methane