title: Increased arterial stiffness in subjects with pre-diabetes among middle aged population in Beijing, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and pre-diabetes when assessed by the new glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7%-6.4% criterion or by impaired fasting glucose in middle aged Chinese.
  
  
  METHODS
  1122 adults aged 55 years or younger in the health examination centers for physical check-ups were enrolled in the two large-sized Tertiary Comprehensive Hospitals in Beijing from June 2011 to June 2012 after excluding those who previously had been diagnosed or treated as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Subjects with a diagnosis of pre-diabetes according to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L), HbA1c levels at 5.7%-6.4%, or both, were classified into four groups for observation: (1) Normoglycaemia (HbA1c<5.7% and FPG <5.6 mmol/L); (2) IFG alone (FPG levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and HbA1c<5.7% ); (3) HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% alone (HbA1c levels at 5.7%-6.4% and FPG <5.6 mmol/L); and (4) both HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% and IFG (HbA1c levels at 5.7%-6.4% and FPG levels at 5.6-6.9 mmol/L). All subjects were measured for weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values of baPWV were 1282±8, 1311±10, 1398±30, and 1418±27 cm/s (Mean±SE) in Normoglycaemia, HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% alone, IFG alone and the both HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% and IFG groups, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, blood pressure, BMI and triglyceride, baPWV was significantly higher in subjects with both HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% and IFG compared among the subjects with Normoglycaemia (1350±14 vs. 1301±6 cm/s, P=0.002) and HbA1c 5.7%-6.4% alone (1350±14 vs. 1309±8 cm/s, P=0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with pre-diabetes exhibited a greater arterial stiffness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yan Ge
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong Chang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.forename: Xue Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuan Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Pre-diabetes; Vascular stiffness