title: Association of calcium channel blocker use with lower hemoglobin levels in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search whether calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are associated with lower hemoglobin levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who are not on renal replacement therapy (RRT), vitamin D and anti-anemic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD patients were classified into two groups. Patients on CCBs treatment (103 patients) and patients not using CCBs (104 patients) were compared cross-sectionally regarding clinical findings, complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry and regular medication use. Patients with polycystic kidney disease, comorbidities that could influence CBC other than iron deficiency of obscure origin, patients receiving RRT, erythropoietin (EPO), vitamin D, phosphate binders and drugs that could influence CBC were excluded. Under dependent variable of CCB use, all significantly different independent variables were subjected to multivariate binary logistic regression analysis (MBLRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower hemoglobin, lower bilirubinemia, higher serum EPO, higher systolic blood pressure were observed in CCB users. Two groups were similar concerning age, gender, BMI, CKD etiology, CKD stage, pretibial edema prevalence, cardiothoracic index, diastolic blood pressure, corrected reticulocyte count, BUN, creatinine, eGFR, proBNP, parathormone, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorous, corrected calcemia, sCRP, relative EPO deficiency and prevalence of relative EPO deficient patients. Groups were comparable regarding comorbidities, types and usage frequencies of all antihypertensive medications other than CCBs. Higher systolic blood pressure and lower hemoglobin were significantly associated with CCB use after MBLRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemoglobin was significantly lower in CCB users compared to non-users, among CKD patients who did not receive RRT, EPO, phosphate binders, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. malicikrikcioglu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cikrikcioglu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karatoprak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakirca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiskac
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zorlu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erkoc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erkal
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Erkal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kazancioglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D004921:Erythropoietin