title: Fitting and flailing: recognition of paediatric antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune condition where the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is thought to predispose to thrombotic events. It is uncommon in the paediatric population, but current diagnostic criteria are based on adult population studies, making assessment of its true paediatric prevalence difficult. We present two cases of paediatric APS, who presented with primary neurological events, and discuss approaches to diagnosis, interpretation of screening investigations, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies and lupus anticoagulant. Possible approaches to the management of paediatric APS are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Raigmore Hospital, , Inverness, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharples
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ramanan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; C033055:anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibodies
keywords: Neurology; Rheumatology