title: In vitro removal of ochratoxin A by two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their performances under fermentative and stressing conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research was to study the effect of time, temperature, sugar content and addition of diammonium phosphate (DAP) on ochratoxin A (OTA) removal by two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a completely randomized design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strains were grown in a medium containing OTA (2 μg l(-1)), two sugar levels (200 and 250 g l(-1)), with or without DAP (300 mg l(-1)), and incubated at 25-30°C. The yeasts were able to decrease the toxin amount by c. 70%, with the highest removing effect observed after 3 days at 30°C in the presence of 250 g l(-1) of sugars and with DAP; after 10 days, the toxin was partially released into the medium. The strains produced high ethanol and glycerol contents, showed high tolerance to single/combined stress conditions and possessed β-d-glucosidase, pectinase and xylanase activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ochratoxin A removal was affected by time, temperature, sugar and addition of DAP. Moreover, the phenomenon was reversible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ochratoxin A removal could be an interesting trait for the selection of promising strains; however, the strains removing efficiently the toxin could release it back; thus, the selection of the starter should take into account both the removal and the binding ability of OTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petruzzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baiano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beneduce
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Corbo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinigaglia
mesh_terms: D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: DAP addition; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; binding; fermentation; ochratoxin A; sugar; temperature