title: Cystic glioblastoma: an evaluation of IDH1 status and prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy exists regarding the prognostic significance of cystic features in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the pathological origin of cystic GBMs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether cystic GBMs develop from low-grade gliomas by evaluating IDH1 status and to evaluate the differences in overall survival between patients with cystic and noncystic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 351 consecutive newly diagnosed adult GBM patients treated at our institution from October 1997 to November 2011; patients with >50% cystic tumor composition were further identified. IDH1 mutation was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Patient characteristics and treatment were reported for cystic and noncystic tumors separately. Overall survival was reported for cystic and noncystic cohorts by using the Kaplan-Meier estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 351 patients, 27 (7.7%) had cystic tumors and 324 (92.3%) had noncystic tumors. Tumor samples for patients with cystic GBMs were immunohistochemically analyzed for IDH1 mutations. Two (7.4%) of the 27 tumor samples were documented as having IDH1 mutations. Characteristics such as age, sex, perioperative Karnofsky Performance Status, tumor size, extent of resection, postsurgery radiation, and temozolomide therapy were comparable in the and noncystic cohorts. Patients in the cystic cohort had a median overall survival of 15.0 months compared with 18.2 months for the noncystic cohort (log-rank P = .77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low frequency of IDH1 mutation status in our cystic cohort strongly suggests that most newly diagnosed cystic GBMs do not arise from malignant transformation of previously undiagnosed low-grade gliomas. Furthermore, there is no difference in overall survival between patients newly diagnosed with cystic and noncystic GBMs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: J Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sarmiento
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nuño
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Debraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Xuemo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Chirag G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D003560:Cysts / Q000235:genetics; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; C543588:IDH1 protein, human