title: Lessons from history of socioeconomic improvements: a new approach to treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis.
abstract: This study investigated the trends in tuberculosis mortality through time in Switzerland. Information on the decline in mortality before chemotherapies were introduced may be useful in developing countries where drug-resistant tuberculosis is now becoming a major problem. Swiss data were collected from historical records and comparative data were obtained from the literature for England and Wales, New York, Japan, Brazil and Sierra Leone. Logistic curves were fitted to examine the rate of decline before introduction of pharmacotherapies and these show that the decline would have continued without the introduction of chemical therapies, including antibiotics. In Switzerland, England and Wales and New York, the decline had occurred long before the introduction of specific anti-tuberculosis agents. In Brazil and Japan, chemical therapy was co-incident with the decline in tuberculosis mortality rates. Overall, it is suggested that the effective control of tuberculosis can be achieved through a combination of chemical interventions, conservative therapy (rest, good nutrition, ventilation, etc.) as well as public health interventions addressing hygiene, nutrition, reducing exposure to infections and educating the population about tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: *Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit,University of Adelaide,Australia.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Evolutionary Medicine,Institute of Anatomy,Zürich,Switzerland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Staub
authors.affiliation: †Centre for Evolutionary Medicine,Institute of Anatomy,Zürich,Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rühli
authors.affiliation: *Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit,University of Adelaide,Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henneberg
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D003906:Developing Countries; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009518:New York; D015980:Public Health Practice; D012807:Sierra Leone; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D014852:Wales