title: Daily milk intake improves vitamin B-12 status in young vegetarian Indians: an intervention trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asymptomatic Indian lacto vegetarians, who make up more than half of the Indian population in different geographic regions, have distinctly low vitamin B-12 concentrations than non- vegetarians. Vegetarians consume milk but it seems that the amount is not enough to improve vitamin B-12 status or vitamin B-12 concentration in milk itself may be low. The aim of this study was to determine if daily milk consumption can improve vitamin B-12 status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male and 36 female, young healthy post-graduate volunteers participated. Blood from ten participants (4 males and 6 females) was collected (day-1). They continued their regular diet for next fourteen days and on day-15, blood of all 51 participants was collected, plasma vitamin B-12 concentration was measured and were divided into two groups; Normal (vitamin B-12 >148 pmol/L, n = 22) and Vitamin B-12 deficient (<148 pmol/L, n = 29), the remaining plasma was stored. All participants consumed 600 ml. of non-enriched buffalo milk (200 × 3) during the day along with their usual diet. Next day blood was collected for plasma holotranscobalamin II measurement. Subjects from deficient group continued to drink 400 ml of milk daily for next 14 days and blood was collected on day-30. Plasma holotranscoabalamin II (day-1, 15, 16, 30), vitamin B-12, folate, total homocysteine, creatinine and hematoloical parameters (day-1, 15, 30), and milk vitamin B-12 concentrations (day-15, 16, 30) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty seven per cent of the participants were vitamin B-12 deficient and 65% were hyperhomocysteinemic. No significant difference in biomarkers was observed when there was no intervention. Plasma holotranscobalamin II concentration increased from 19.6 to 22.27 pmol/L (p < 0.0001) 24 hrs after milk load in the whole group. Plasma vitamin B-12 increased from 92.5 to 122 pmol/L and tHcy concentrations decreased from 31.9 to 24.9 μ mol/L (p < 0.0001 for both) 14 days after regular milk intake in vitamin B-12 deficient subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular intake of milk improved vitamin B-12 status of vitamin B-12 deficient vegetarians indicating a potential dietary strategy to improve the vitamin status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Orthopedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital & Research Centre, Erandvane, Pune, India. sadu_naik@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Sadanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Vijayshri
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhide
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babhulkar
authors.forename: Namita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahalle
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parab
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thakre
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis; D006293:Health Promotion; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000208:ethnology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D014155:Transcobalamins / Q000032:analysis; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014155:Transcobalamins; D006710:Homocysteine; D014805:Vitamin B 12