title: Timing of intrathecal baclofen therapy in persons with acquired brain injury: influence on outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the effects of intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) delivered by a pump implanted at a very early stage in acquired brain injury (ABI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This investigation was a longitudinal prospective observational study, including a series of 13 ABI implanted within 6 months of the acute events.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Spasms Frequency Score (SFS) have been used as a primary outcome measure. The Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and Level of Cognitive Functioning (LCF) scores have been computed in order to verify possible interferences of baclofen therapy at an early stage on a global outcome. An intrathecal bolus test was not performed. Drug tolerability was tested by oral administration of baclofen 100 mg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction of spasticity and spasms frequency were measured 3 months after patients received the implant and at the 1-year follow-up. There was no difference found for global outcome measure between the group of patients who received the implant earlier (within 3 months) compared to the group who received it later (between 3-6 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ITB therapy in ABI should be considered as early as possible. The implants are safe and effective in reducing spasticity. An intrathecal bolus test was not compulsory in ABI.
authors.affiliation: Auxilium Vitae Rehabilitation Centre , Volterra, Pisa , Italy and.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Posteraro
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calandriello
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Fiammetta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Logi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iardella
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bordi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen