title: Volumes of discrete sips from straws of varying internal diameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the authors examined mean volumes of discrete sips performed by healthy adults from straws varying in internal diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy adults sipped water from each of 7 straws varying in internal diameter (0.65-5.00 mm). Bolus volumes associated with 3 discrete sips were recorded under each sip condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Straw diameter had a significant effect on bolus size, with the smallest diameter straws eliciting the smallest bolus volumes. Bolus volumes did not vary according to age or sex. Considerable intersubject variation was observed, particularly for the straws with the largest diameters. Intrasubject variability across 3 trials was minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the hypothesis that narrower straw diameters are associated with smaller bolus volumes in healthy adults. Additional study is needed to determine whether individuals with dysphagia demonstrate similar patterns of bolus size associated with straws varying in internal diameter and whether such variations have clinical benefit.
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Fletcher
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hietpas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003297:Cooking and Eating Utensils; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D055815:Young Adult