title: Twelve-year results for revisional gastric bypass after failed restrictive surgery in 131 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric banding (GB) and vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) may result in unsatisfactory weight loss or intolerable side effects. Such outcomes are potential indications for additional bariatric surgery, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is frequently used at such revisions (rRYGB). The present study examined long-term results of rRYGB.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 175 patients who had undergone rRYGB between 1993 and 2003 at 2 university hospitals received a questionnaire regarding their current status. The questionnaire was returned by 131 patients (75% follow-up rate, 66 VBG and 65 GB patients). Blood samples were obtained and medical charts studied. The reason for conversion was mainly unsatisfactory weight loss among the VBG patients and intolerable side effects among GB patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 131 patients (112 women), mean age 41.8 years at rRYGB, were evaluated at mean 11.9 years (range 7-17) after rRYGB. Mean body mass index of those with prior unsatisfactory weight loss was reduced from 40.1 kg/m(2) (range 28.7-52.2) to 32.6 kg/m(2) (range 19.1-50.2) (P<.01). Only 2 patients (2%) underwent additional bariatric surgery after rRYGB. The overall result was satisfactory for 74% of the patients. Only 21% of the patients adhered to the recommendation of lifelong multivitamin supplements while 76% took vitamin B12. Anemia was present in 18%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rRYGB results in sustained weight loss and satisfied patients when VBG or GB have failed. Subsequent bariatric surgery was rare but micronutrient deficiencies were frequent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: dedholm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Örebro County Council, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Näslund
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anders Karlsson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Care Sciences, Örebro County Council, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rask
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundbom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D017211:Treatment Failure; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Gastric banding; Gastric bypass; Morbid obesity; Revisional gastric bypass; Vertical banded gastrosplasty; Weight loss