title: Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures in the hydrated proton-transfer salts of isonipecotamide with the dicarboxylic oxalic and adipic acid homologues.
abstract: The structures of the 1:1 hydrated proton-transfer compounds of isonipecotamide (piperidine-4-carboxamide) with oxalic acid, 4-carbamoylpiperidinium hydrogen oxalate dihydrate, C6H13N2O(+)·C2HO4(-)·2H2O, (I), and with adipic acid, bis(4-carbamoylpiperidinium) adipate dihydrate, 2C6H13N2O(+)·C6H8O4(2-)·2H2O, (II), are three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded constructs involving several different types of enlarged water-bridged cyclic associations. In the structure of (I), the oxalate monoanions give head-to-tail carboxylic acid O-H···O(carboxyl) hydrogen-bonding interactions, forming C(5) chain substructures which extend along a. The isonipecotamide cations also give parallel chain substructures through amide N-H···O hydrogen bonds, the chains being linked across b and down c by alternating water bridges involving both carboxyl and amide O-atom acceptors and amide and piperidinium N-H···O(carboxyl) hydrogen bonds, generating cyclic R4(3)(10) and R3(2)(11) motifs. In the structure of (II), the asymmetric unit comprises a piperidinium cation, half an adipate dianion, which lies across a crystallographic inversion centre, and a solvent water molecule. In the crystal structure, the two inversion-related cations are interlinked through the two water molecules, which act as acceptors in dual amide N-H···O(water) hydrogen bonds, to give a cyclic R4(2)(8) association which is conjoined with an R4(4)(12) motif. Further N-H···O(water), water O-H···O(amide) and piperidinium N-H···O(carboxyl) hydrogen bonds give the overall three-dimensional structure. The structures reported here further demonstrate the utility of the isonipecotamide cation as a synthon for the generation of stable hydrogen-bonded structures. The presence of solvent water molecules in these structures is largely responsible for the non-occurrence of the common hydrogen-bonded amide-amide dimer, promoting instead various expanded cyclic hydrogen-bonding motifs.
authors.affiliation: Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Urs D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Wermuth
keywords: crystal structure; cyclic hydrogen-bonding motifs; hydrated proton-transfer salts; isonipecotamide salts