title: Plasma IgA antibody levels to malondialdehyde acetaldehyde-adducts are associated with inflammatory mediators, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) associate with increased oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts have been suggested to be one of the antigenic epitopes in MDA-LDL responsible for the antibody recognition. Our aim was to investigate the associations between plasma IgA antibodies to MAA-LDL, inflammatory markers, adipokines, obesity, and T2D.
  
  
  METHODS
  IgA to MAA-LDL were measured in a subsample (n = 1507) of the Finnish Health 2000 survey. The associations between antibody levels, obesity, TNF-α, IL-6, high-sensitivity (hs) CRP, resistin, adiponectin, fasting plasma (fp) glucose, fp-insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb-A1C), and T2D were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IgA to MAA-LDL associated positively with fasting plasma insulin. IgA to MAA-LDL were higher among subjects with T2D (P < 0.001) compared to subjects with normal glucose metabolism. IgA to MAA-LDL associated with obesity, but was not independently (P = 0.002, not significant after correction for multiple tests) associated with T2D in logistic regression analysis. IgA to MAA-LDL, obesity, and TNF-α all associated with markers of glucose metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2D subjects had increased IgA to MAA-LDL compared to subjects with normal glucose metabolism. The data suggest that the associations between IgA to MAA-LDL and markers of glucose metabolism were independent of TNF-α but dependent on components of the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center , Oulu , Finland.
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vehkala
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
authors.forename: Y Antero
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kesäniemi
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: Markku S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Veikko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.forename: Sohvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hörkkö
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000276:immunology*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000079:Acetaldehyde; D052242:Adiponectin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha