title: Oxidative stability of the meat of broilers supplemented with rosemary leaves, rosehip fruits, chokeberry pomace, and entire nettle, and effects on performance and meat quality.
abstract: Prevention of lipid oxidation needs special attention because a high proportion of fatty acids in broiler meat are unsaturated. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant effect of dietary addition of rosemary, chokeberry pomace, rosehip, or nettle in comparison with vitamin E. Male Ross PM3 broilers caged in groups of 6 (4 replicated cages per treatment) were fed a balanced diet supplemented with 25 g/kg of herbal additive, 200 IU of α-tocopheryl acetate/kg, or without supplementation from d 7 to 35. Intake, performance, and with the help of excreta samples, apparent fiber digestibility, ME content, and metabolizability of nitrogen and energy were recorded per cage. Feed was analyzed for total phenols and tocopherols. In each bird (n = 24 per treatment), carcass weight and relative organ weights were recorded, and skin and liver color were assessed. Abdominal fat was analyzed for induction time (h) of lipid oxidation (Rancimat). Breast meat was analyzed for total tocopherol content (mg/kg) and development of TBA reactive substances (TBARS; μg of MDA/kg) over 9 d of storage. Data were subjected to ANOVA considering treatment and, where applicable, storage time. Rosemary supplementation reduced oxidation (TBARS d 9: 201; induction time: 2.48) and elevated tocopherol content (5.72) of the meat compared with control (470, 1.87, and 3.53, respectively). Rosemary-treated birds had a slightly lower carcass weight and a reduced nitrogen and energy metabolizability. Rosehip addition numerically decreased TBARS (319) and enhanced carcass weight (1.71 kg) compared with rosemary-treated birds (1.54 kg). Only a trend in antioxidant activity could be ascribed to chokeberry pomace, although dietary phenolic content was highest. Nettle did not improve oxidative stability (TBARS: 506; induction time: 1.91), although tocopherol content was elevated (6.51). Nettle treatment strongly intensified skin yellowness (b* of 20.6) compared with the control treatment (10.8). Clearly, rosemary is the most suitable dietary antioxidant investigated in this study, yet chokeberry and rosehip also exhibited interesting properties.
authors.affiliation: ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Loetscher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Messikommer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D026982:Urtica dioica / Q000737:chemistry; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol