title: Effects of dinuclear berenil-platinum(II) complexes on fibroblasts redox status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Platinum(II) complex anticarcinogenic mechanisms are associated with changes in the cellular redox status of cancer as well as healthy cells. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate oxidative modifications in cellular components following fibroblast exposure to novel dinuclear berenil-platinum(II) complexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  ROS levels, antioxidant parameters level/activity, and damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins, including pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors in human skin fibroblasts following berenil-platinum(II) complex treatments i.e. Pt2(isopropylamine)4(berenil)2, Pt2(piperazine)4(berenil)4, Pt2(2-picoline)4(berenil)2, Pt2(3-picoline)4(berenil)2, and Pt2(4- picoline)4(berenil)2 were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of fibroblasts with platinum(II) complexes has shown that all compounds enhance total ROS and superoxide anion generation as well as change the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase and decrease in the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, vitamin C, E and A). Such a situation is conducive to oxidative stress formation and oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules and to increase in the expression of proapoptotic proteins. Pt2(isopropylamine)4(berenil)2 elicited the most damage, which resulted in oxidative modification of cellular components. The therapeutic use of this complex would cause considerable side effects in patients, therefore the agent lacks drug potential; however Pt2(piperazine)4(berenil)2 and Pt2(2-picoline)4(berenil)2 exhibited reduced redox and increased apoptotic profiles compared to cisplatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this paper and preliminary data show that Pt2(2-picoline)4(berenil)2 is less dangers than cisplatin to fibroblasts and more disruptive than cisplatin to breast cancer cell metabolism, and therefore it is a promising candidate for use in future anticancer drug strategies.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gęgotek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markowska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Łuczaj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielawska
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bielawski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ambrożewicz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skrzydlewska
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010847:Picolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077489:Piperazine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011437:Propylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D010847:Picolines; D010879:Piperazines; D017671:Platinum Compounds; D011437:Propylamines; C555763:Pt2(2-picoline)4(berenil)2; D013481:Superoxides; D000077489:Piperazine; D004247:DNA; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C035263:2-propylamine; D002945:Cisplatin