title: A FRAX model for the estimation of osteoporotic fracture probability in Portugal.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a Portuguese version of the World Health Organization fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®).
  
  
  
  All cases of hip fracture occurred at or after 40 years of age were extracted from the Portuguese National Hospital Discharge Register from 2006 to 2010. Age and sex-ranked population estimates and mortality rates were obtained from National Statistics. Age- and gender stratified incidences were computed and the average of the five years under consideration was taken. Rates for other major fractures were imputed from the epidemiology of Sweden, as undertaken for most national FRAX® models. All methodological aspects and results were submitted to critical appraisal by a wide panel of national experts and representatives of the different stakeholders, including patients.
  
  
  
  Hip fracture incidence rates were higher in women than in men and increased with age. The lowest incidence was observed in 40-44 years group (14.1 and 4.0 per 100,000 inhabitants for men and women, respectively). The highest rate was observed among the 95-100 age-group (2,577.6 and 3,551.8/100,000 inhabitants, for men and women, respectively). The estimated ten-year probability for major osteoporotic fracture or hip fracture increased with decreasing T-score and with increasing age.
  
  
  
  Portugal has one of the lowest fracture incidences among European countries. The FRAX® tool has been successfully calibrated to the Portuguese population, and can now be used to estimate the ten-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in this country. All major stakeholders officially endorsed the Portuguese FRAX® model and co-authored this paper.
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Canhão
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Romeu
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Afonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruano
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: António Aroso
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Domingos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Eugénia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aguas
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosendo
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: José Delgado
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Lúcia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Pedro Lopes
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roque
authors.forename: Jaime Cunha
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Jonh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanis
authors.forename: José António
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pereira da Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011174:Portugal; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D014944:World Health Organization