title: Time management in radiation oncology: evaluation of time, attendance of medical staff, and resources during radiotherapy for prostate cancer: the DEGRO-QUIRO trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to evaluate resource requirements, the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) recorded the times needed for core procedures in the radio-oncological treatment of various cancer types within the scope of its QUIRO trial. The present study investigated the personnel and infrastructural resources required in radiotherapy of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was carried out in the setting of definitive radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients between July and October 2008 at two radiotherapy centers, both with well-trained staff and modern technical facilities at their disposal. Personnel attendance times and room occupancy times required for core procedures (modules) were each measured prospectively by two independently trained observers using time measurements differentiated on the basis of professional group (physician, physicist, and technician), 3D conformal (3D-cRT), and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total time requirements of 983 min for 3D-cRT and 1485 min for step-and-shoot IMRT were measured for the technician (in terms of professional group) in all modules recorded and over the entire course of radiotherapy for prostate cancer (72-76 Gy). Times needed for the medical specialist/physician were 255 min (3D-cRT) and 271 min (IMRT), times of the physicist were 181 min (3D-cRT) and 213 min (IMRT). The difference in time was significant, although variations in time spans occurred primarily as a result of various problems during patient treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation has permitted, for the first time, a realistic estimation of average personnel and infrastructural requirements for core procedures in quality-assured definitive radiotherapy of prostate cancer. The increased time needed for IMRT applies to the step-and-shoot procedure with verification measurements for each irradiation planning.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Strahlentherapie, Klinik und MVZ für Strahlentherapie, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Preuschwitzer Str. 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany, Ludwig.Keilholz@Klinikum-Bayreuth.de.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keilholz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willner
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamboglou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008503:Medical Staff / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017748:Time Management; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014600:Utilization Review; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*