title: Evaluation of pharmaceutical care in a diabetes ward from China: a pre-and post-intervention study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and implementation of pharmaceutical care services in a diabetes ward, and to examine the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province, a 1,200-bed South China teaching hospital, serving the local community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center, 2-phase (pre-/post-intervention phase) designs was performed in the diabetes ward of a general hospital. Patients in post-intervention phase (October 2012 to December 2012) received pharmaceutical care from a clinical pharmacist, while patients in the pre-intervention phase (January 2012 to March 2012) received routine medical care. The pre- and post-intervention phases were then compared to evaluate the outcomes of pharmacist interventions. Main outcome measure type and number of interventions, and medication errors assessed at the baseline and at the end of pharmaceutical care were the main outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 3-month study period, the clinical pharmacist made 240 interventions for 473 admitted patients; of these, 207 (86.3 %) were accepted by physicians or nurses, and dosage adjustment [n = 83, (34.6 %)] was the type of intervention implemented most often. In the group that received the participation of pharmacists, medication errors per patient decreased from 1.68 to 0.46 (p < 0.001); medication errors, of incorrect dose or dosing interval, were markedly improved (decreased from 0.87 to 0.14; p < 0.001), the drug cost per patient day decreased from $347.15 to $309.74 (p = 0.095), and the length of diabetes ward stay did not change significantly (16.14 vs. 15.93 days; p = 0.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of the pharmacist in the diabetes ward resulted in significant reduction in medication errors and had potential drug-cost-saving effects.
authors.affiliation: Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Chuanwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Liujuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. 297063010@qq.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: China; Diabetes mellitus; Hospital pharmacist; Intervention study; Medication error; Pharmaceutical care; Pharmacist intervention