title: Impact of the shift to neonatal noninvasive ventilation in Poland: a population study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to document the real impact of a directed shift in the standard of neonatal practice to a pervasive use of noninvasive respiratory support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before-after observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 18 neonatal ICUs in the capital region of Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Every infant admitted to a neonatal ICU who received respiratory pressure support over a 7-year period of interest (12-month transition to the new noninvasive standard and 36 months before and after).
  
  
  METHODS
  Education as to the benefits of noninvasive respiratory support and widespread availability of Infant Flow noninvasive ventilation systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five thousand five hundred fifty-one infants required respiratory support in this period. Of these, 14% were less than 28 weeks estimated gestational age, 33% between 28 and 32 weeks, 31% between 33 and 36 weeks, and 22% more than 36 weeks. The use of noninvasive support, as the first form of respiratory support, increased by 19% (p < 0.001). The use of noninvasive support, for weaning following extubation, increased by 32% (p = 0.06). The increased use in weaning was the most pronounced in infants younger than or equal to 32 weeks estimated gestational age (p < 0.001). There were two prospective primary endpoints, mortality and bad outcome among survivors younger than or equal to 32 weeks estimated gestational age. Mortality decreased from 11% to 7%, and the difference remained statistically significant after controlling for baseline factors (p < 0.001). The reduced mortality was more apparent in infants younger than or equal to 32 weeks estimated gestational age. In infants younger than or equal to 32 weeks estimated gestational age, bad outcome in survivors (grade III bronchopulmonary dyplasia and retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser treatment) did not increase (p = 0.669) after controlling for significant baseline variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that the adoption of an approach emphasizing noninvasive ventilation in Poland resulted in decreased mortality without an increase in significant pulmonary or retinal morbidity.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neonatology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland. 2Department of Administration, Mountains Community Hospital, Lake Arrowhead, CA. 3Department of Neonatology, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. 4Department of Neonatology, The Voivodal Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland. 5Department of Neonatology, National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. 6Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 7Department of Neonatology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 8Department of Neonatology, Medical College Jagiellonian University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland. 9Department of Quantitative Methods and Information Systems, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilinska
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swietlinski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gajewska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Helwich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kornacka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szczapa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lauterbach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilinski
authors.forename: M Resko
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zachara
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011044:Poland; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies