title: Oral contraceptives and risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer among high-risk women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the risks of ovarian cancer and breast cancer associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use among women at elevated risk owing to mutations in BRCA1/2 or a strong family history.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published 2000 to 2012 that evaluated associations between OC use and breast or ovarian cancer among women who are carriers of a BRCA1/2 mutation or have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 6,476 unique citations, we identified six studies examining ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and eight studies examining breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. For BRCA1/2 mutation carriers combined, meta-analysis showed an inverse association between OC use and ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.73) and a nonstatistically significant association with breast cancer (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.58). Findings were similar when examining BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers separately. Data were inadequate to perform meta-analyses examining duration or timing of use. For women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, we identified four studies examining risk for ovarian cancer and three for breast cancer, but differences between studies precluded combining the data for meta-analyses, and no overall pattern could be discerned.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analyses suggest that associations between ever use of OCs and ovarian and breast cancer among women who are BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers are similar to those reported for the general population.
authors.affiliation: Patricia G. Moorman, Laura J. Havrilesky, Jennifer M. Gierisch, Remy R. Coeytaux, William J. Lowery, Vic Hasselblad, and Evan R. Myers, Duke University School of Medicine; Laura J. Havrilesky, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Health System; Jennifer M. Gierisch, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Jennifer M. Gierisch, Remy R. Coeytaux, Michaela Dinan, Amanda J. McBroom, and Gillian D. Sanders, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham; and Rachel Peragallo Urrutia, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Patricia G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Havrilesky
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gierisch
authors.forename: Remy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Coeytaux
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peragallo Urrutia
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dinan
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McBroom
authors.forename: Vic
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hasselblad
authors.forename: Gillian D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Evan R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral