title: The effects of hematopoietic growth factors on neurite outgrowth.
abstract: Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are initially discovered as the essential hematopoietic growth factors regulating bone marrow stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and SCF in combination with G-CSF (SCF+G-CSF) has synergistic effects on bone marrow stem cell mobilization. In this study we have determined the effect of SCF and G-CSF on neurite outgrowth in rat cortical neurons. Using molecular and cellular biology and live cell imaging approaches, we have revealed that receptors for SCF and G-CSF are expressed on the growth core of cortical neurons, and that SCF+G-CSF synergistically enhances neurite extension through PI3K/AKT and NFκB signaling pathways. Moreover, SCF+G-CSF induces much greater NFκB activation, NFκB transcriptional binding and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production than SCF or G-CSF alone. In addition, we have also observed that BDNF, the target gene of NFκB, is required for SCF+G-CSF-induced neurite outgrowth. These data suggest that SCF+G-CSF has synergistic effects to promote neurite growth. This study provides new insights into the contribution of hematopoietic growth factors in neuronal plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Chunshu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Ru
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt