title: Polyunsaturated fatty acid saturation by gut lactic acid bacteria affecting host lipid composition.
abstract: In the representative gut bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum, we identified genes encoding the enzymes involved in a saturation metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and revealed in detail the metabolic pathway that generates hydroxy fatty acids, oxo fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids, and partially saturated trans-fatty acids as intermediates. Furthermore, we observed these intermediates, especially hydroxy fatty acids, in host organs. Levels of hydroxy fatty acids were much higher in specific pathogen-free mice than in germ-free mice, indicating that these fatty acids are generated through polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism of gastrointestinal microorganisms. These findings suggested that lipid metabolism by gastrointestinal microbes affects the health of the host by modifying fatty acid composition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Sciences and Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishino
authors.forename: Michiki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Si-Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Nahoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kunisawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Kazumitsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokozeki
authors.forename: Sakayu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: biohydrogenation; conjugated linoleic acid; fatty acid isomerase; hydratase; lipid nutrition