title: Retracted: Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism, lipid concentrations, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: To our knowledge, there is no study that has examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  
  This study was designed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women with GDM.
  
  
  
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 54 women with GDM. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D supplements or placebo. Individuals in the vitamin D group (n = 27) received capsules containing 50,000 IU vitamin D₃ 2 times during the study (at baseline and at day 21 of the intervention) and those in the placebo group (n = 27) received 2 placebos at the same times. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 wk of the intervention to quantify relevant variables.
  
  
  
  Cholecalciferol supplementation resulted in increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations compared with placebo (+18.5 ± 20.4 compared with +0.5 ± 6.1 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Furthermore, intake of vitamin D supplements led to a significant decrease in concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (-17.1 ± 14.8 compared with -0.9 ± 16.6 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and serum insulin (-3.08 ± 6.62 compared with +1.34 ± 6.51 μIU/mL; P = 0.01) and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (-1.28 ± 1.41 compared with +0.34 ± 1.79; P < 0.001) and a significant increase in the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (+0.03 ± 0.03 compared with -0.001 ± 0.02; P = 0.003) compared with placebo. A significant reduction in concentrations of total (-11.0 ± 23.5 compared with +9.5 ± 36.5 mg/dL; P = 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-10.8 ± 22.4 compared with +10.4 ± 28.0 mg/dL; P = 0.003) cholesterol was also seen after vitamin D supplementation.
  
  
  
  Vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with GDM had beneficial effects on glycemia and total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but did not affect inflammation and oxidative stress. This trial was registered at www.irct.ir as IRCT201305115623N7.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases (ZA) and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran (TH and MS); the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran (MK); and the Food Security Research Center, and the Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (AE).
authors.forename: Zatollah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Asemi
authors.forename: Teibeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamali
authors.forename: Mansooreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samimi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaillzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D007492:Iran; D059012:Lost to Follow-Up; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002112:Calcifediol