title: Resting state networks in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is typically described as a neurologic disorder affecting a cerebral network comprising the hippocampus proper and several anatomically related extrahippocampal regions. A new level of complexity was recently added to the study of this disorder by the evidence that TLE also appears to chronically alter the activity of several brain-wide neural networks involved in the control of higher order brain functions and not traditionally linked to epilepsy. Recently developed brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis of resting state connectivity, have greatly contributed to these observations by allowing the precise characterization of several brain networks with distinct functional signatures in the resting brain, and therefore also known as "resting state networks." These significant advances in imaging represent an opportunity to investigate the still elusive origins of the disabling cognitive and psychiatric manifestations of TLE, and could have important implications for its pathophysiology and, perhaps, its therapy. Herein we review recent studies in this field by focusing on resting state networks that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy: the default mode network, the attention network, and the reward/emotion network.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cataldi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avoli
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Villers-Sidani
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D012201:Reward
keywords: Attention networks; Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI signals; Cognitive impairment; Default-mode network; Psychiatric complications; Reward/emotion network