title: Effect of feeding goats with distilled and non-distilled thyme leaves (Thymus zygis subp. gracilis) on milk and cheese properties.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding goats with distilled and non-distilled thyme leaves (Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis) on the physicochemical composition and technological properties of pasteurised goat milk, and on the physicochemical composition, phenolic content, oxidative stability, microbiology, sensory and texture profile of Murcia al Vino goat cheese. One group of goats was fed the basal diet (control), the second and third groups were fed with different levels of distilled (10 and 20%) or non-distilled (3·75 and 7·5%) thyme leaves. Goat milk physicochemical composition was significantly affected by the substitution of 7·5% of basal goat diet with non-distilled thyme leaves (increase in fat, protein, dry matter and PUFA content), while goat milk clotting time was increased significantly by the introduction of 20% distilled thyme leaves, which reduces its technological suitability. Microbiology, sensory and texture profiles were not affected by the introduction of distilled thyme leaves. The introduction of distilled and non-distilled thyme leaves as an alternative feed to diet can lead to an inhibition of lipids oxidation. The introduction of distilled and non-distilled thyme leaves into goat's diet can be successfully adopted as a strategy to reduce feeding costs and to take advantage of the waste from the production of essential oils, minimising waste removing costs and the environmental impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology and Science and Human Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30071, Spain.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boutoial
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrandini
authors.forename: Oussama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abdelkhalek
authors.forename: María Belén
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012677:Sensation; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances