title: Mental health professionals' natural taxonomies of mental disorders: implications for the clinical utility of the ICD-11 and the DSM-5.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the conceptualizations held by psychiatrists and psychologists around the world of the relationships among mental disorders in order to inform decisions about the structure of the classification of mental and behavioral disorders in World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 11th Revision (ICD-11).
  
  
  METHODS
  517 mental health professionals in 8 countries sorted 60 cards containing the names of mental disorders into groups of similar disorders, and then formed a hierarchical structure by aggregating and disaggregating these groupings. Distance matrices were created from the sorting data and used in cluster and correlation analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinicians' taxonomies were rational, interpretable, and extremely stable across countries, diagnostic system used, and profession. Clinicians' consensus classification structure was different from ICD-10 and the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DSM-IV), but in many respects consistent with ICD-11 proposals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical utility of the ICD-11 may be improved by making its structure more compatible with the common conceptual organization of mental disorders observed across diverse global clinicians.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization.
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keeley
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hooppell
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Pratap
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharan
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: Hudson
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Oye
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: Itzear
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leal-Leturia
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: João Mendonça
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruta
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ayuso-Mateos
authors.forename: Jair
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Jesus Mari
authors.forename: Zeping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Spencer C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Shekhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Medina-Mora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification*; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); classification, International Classification of Diseases (ICD); clinical utility; cross-cultural applicability; low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries; mental disorders