title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Recent reports have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) plays an important role in different vascular processes suggesting that PPARD is a significant modulator of cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on PPARD in relation to cardiovascular risk factors based on cell, animal and human data. Mouse studies suggest that Ppard is an important metabolic modulator that may have implications for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Specific human PPARD gene variants show no clear association with CVD but interactions between variants and lifestyle factors might influence disease risk. During recent years, development of specific and potent PPARD agonists has also made it possible to study the effects of PPARD activation in humans. PPARD agonists seem to exert beneficial effects on dyslipidemia and insulin-resistant syndromes but safety issues have been raised due to the role that PPARD plays in cell proliferation. Thus, large long term outcome as well as detailed safety and tolerability studies are needed to evaluate whether PPARD agonists could be used to treat CVD in humans.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: ewa.ehrenborg@ki.se.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ehrenborg
authors.forename: Josefin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skogsberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D047494:PPAR delta
keywords: Agonist; Cardiovascular disease; Mouse models; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; Risk factors; Single nucleotide polymorphism