title: Alteration in gene expression profile and oncogenicity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by RIZ1 upregulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1 (RIZ1) upregulation in gene expression profile and oncogenicity of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line TE13.
  
  
  METHODS
  TE13 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)/RIZ1 and pcDNA3.1(+). Changes in gene expression profile were screened and the microarray results were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nude mice were inoculated with TE13 cells to establish ESCC xenografts. After two weeks, the inoculated mice were randomly divided into three groups. Tumors were injected with normal saline, transfection reagent pcDNA3.1(+) and transfection reagent pcDNA3.1(+)/RIZ1, respectively. Tumor development was quantified, and changes in gene expression of RIZ1 transfected tumors were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA microarray data showed that RIZ1 transfection induced widespread changes in gene expression profile of cell line TE13, with 960 genes upregulated and 1163 downregulated. Treatment of tumor xenografts with RIZ1 recombinant plasmid significantly inhibited tumor growth, decreased tumor size, and increased expression of RIZ1 mRNA compared to control groups. The changes in gene expression profile were also observed in vivo after RIZ1 transfection. Most of the differentially expressed genes were associated with cell development, supervision of viral replication, lymphocyte costimulatory and immune system development in esophageal cells. RIZ1 gene may be involved in multiple cancer pathways, such as cytokine receptor interaction and transforming growth factor beta signaling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development and progression of esophageal cancer are related to the inactivation of RIZ1. Virus infection may also be an important factor.
authors.affiliation: Shang-Wen Dong, Dong Li, Cong Xu, Yuan-Guo Wang, Peng Zhang, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Shang-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuan-Guo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009857:Oncogenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D047368:Tumor Burden; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C093563:PRDM2 protein, human
keywords: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells; Microarray; Nude mice; Retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1