title: A standardised outcome measure of pain, symptoms and physical function in patients with hip and groin disability due to femoro-acetabular impingement: cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT12) in Swedish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a lack of standardised outcome measures in Swedish for active, young and middle-aged patients with hip and groin disability. The purpose of this study was to adapt the English version of the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT12) patient-reported outcome instrument for use in Swedish patients and evaluate the adaptation according to the consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments checklist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-cultural adaptation was performed in several steps, including translation, back-translation, expert review and pre-testing. The final version was evaluated for reliability, validity and responsiveness in a clinical study of patients [median age 37 (range 15-75)], undergoing surgery for femoro-acetabular impingement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, and significant correlations were obtained with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (Spearman's r 0.10-0.70; p < 0.05) and the EuroQol, EQ-5D average score (Spearman's r 0.27-0.56; p < 0.01). Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) ranged from 0.59 to 0.93 for the individual items. The smallest detectable change ranged from 17.1 to 44.9 at individual level and 3.6 to 9.4 at group level. Factor analysis revealed one factor of pain and symptoms and another factor of physical function. Effect sizes were generally medium or large.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Swedish version of the iHOT12 is a valid, reliable and responsive instrument that can be used both for research and in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden, pallsj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Páll
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jónasson
authors.forename: Adad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baranto
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Swärd
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomeé
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahldén
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomeé
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006119:Groin; D006615:Hip; D006621:Hip Joint; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000592:standards*; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult