title: Association between birth characteristics and coronary disease risk factors among fifth graders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the associations between selected birth characteristics-prematurity and poor intrauterine growth-and risk factors for coronary artery disease detected among children enrolled in the fifth grade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (n = 3054) with matched birth and fifth grade health screening data on body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, and fasting lipid profiles were analyzed using MANOVA with the following independent variables of weight gain by the fifth grade: BMI percentile, normal or overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 85 th percentile), prematurity, and intrauterine growth (ie, small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA], or large for gestational age [LGA]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  LGA status at birth was associated with overweight/obesity later in life. In fifth grade, overweight/obese children had elevated systolic blood pressure and abnormal levels of most fasting serum lipids compared with normal-weight children regardless of birth characteristics. Beyond the effects of BMI percentile, preterm infants had higher levels of triglycerides (TG) than term infants by the fifth grade (P < .05). SGA infants who become overweight/obese had higher levels of TGs and very low-density lipoproteins compared with AGA and LGA infants, whether overweight or normal weight (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMI ≥ 85 th percentile in the fifth grade is associated with abnormalities in most coronary artery risk factors regardless of birth characteristics. Beyond the effects of BMI percentile in the fifth grade, preterm infants had higher TG levels than term infants. SGA infants who were overweight/obese in the fifth grade had higher TG and very low-density lipoprotein levels compared with AGA and LGA infants who were overweight/obese or of normal weight in the fifth grade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV. Electronic address: mmullett@hsc.wvu.edu.
authors.forename: Martha D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mullett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV; Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Redington-Fairview General Hospital, Skowhegan, ME.
authors.forename: Kishore
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gadikota
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Neal
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014903:West Virginia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: AGA; Appropriate for gestational age; BMI; BP; BW; Birth weight; Blood pressure; Body mass index; CARDIAC; Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities; GA; Gestational age; HDL; High-density lipoprotein; LDL; LGA; Large for gestational age; Low-density lipoprotein; N; Normal; O; Obese; SBP; SGA; Small for gestational age; Systolic blood pressure; TC; TG; Total cholesterol; Triglycerides; VLDL; Very-low-density lipoprotein