title: The effect of preoperative β-blocker use and race on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, racial differences in the long-term survival of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients who receive preoperative β-blockers have not been specifically examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preoperative β-blockers on long-term survival among black CABG patients and to compare the magnitude of this effect with white patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral heart hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  13,354 patients undergoing CABG between 1992 and 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using a Cox regression model. A total of 1,448 (62%) black and 6,094 (55%) white patients had a history of preoperative β-blocker use. Among black patients, those receiving β-blockers survived longer than those not receiving β-blockers (adjusted HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67-0.88). The survival advantage was comparable to that observed among white patients (adjusted HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black CABG patients benefited from preoperative β-blockers and the magnitude of the effect was comparable to that among white patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Electronic address: woneal@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Wesley T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Jimmy T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Efird
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Landrine
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: T Bruce
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: W Randolph
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chitwood
authors.affiliation: East Carolina Heart Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kypson
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
keywords: CABG; long-term; mortality; survival; β-blockers