title: Developmental competence of human embryos derived from in vitro maturation of immature oocytes retrieved during cesarean section.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the developmental competence of human embryos that originated from in vitro matured oocytes retrieved during cesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immature oocytes were collected from 95 pregnant women, who underwent cesarean section at Buddhachinaraj Hospital Medical School and consented to participate in the study. Retrieved oocytes were cultured in blastocyst medium supplemented with 75 IU/L of human menopausal gonadotropin. Oocyte maturation was assessed at 30 and 48 h after culture. In vitro matured oocytes were inseminated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and cultured up to 144 h. The fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maturation rate of oocytes after 30 h of culture was 67.9% compared with 13.1% at 48 h (P < 0.0001). Insemination of oocytes in both groups resulted in similar fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large proportion of oocytes retrieved at the time of cesarean section exhibited the capacity to undergo maturation in vitro. They can be fertilized and developed into good-quality blastocyst stage.
authors.affiliation: Buddhachinaraj Hospital Medical School, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pallop
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pongsuthirak
authors.forename: Teraporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vutyavanich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval; D011247:Pregnancy; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cesarean section; cytoplasmic maturation; in vitro maturation; nuclear maturation