title: Secondary flow in peripheral vascular prosthetic grafts using vector Doppler imaging.
abstract: Prosthetic grafts are used for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Re-stenosis in the distal anastomosis of these grafts is a common reason for graft occlusion. The role of local hemodynamics in development of neo-intimal hyperplasia is well known. A new graft design has been proposed for the induction of optimized spiral flow in the host vessel. The secondary flow motions induced by this graft were compared with those of a control device. Both types of grafts were connected with vessel mimic and positioned in ultrasound flow phantoms with identical geometry. Constant flow rates were applied. Data collected in the cross-sectional view distal from the graft outflow and dual-beam vector Doppler was applied to create 2-D velocity maps. A single-spiral flow pattern was found for the flow-modified graft, and double or triple spirals for the control graft. In-plane maximum velocity was greater for the flow-modified graft than for the control device.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom. Electronic address: E.Kokkalis@dundee.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokkalis
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Corner
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Stonebridge
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Doull
authors.forename: J Graeme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Houston
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Doppler ultrasound; Flow phantom; Secondary flow; Spiral flow; Vascular prosthetic grafts; Vector Doppler; Velocity