title: Resting heart rate at hospital admission and its relation to hospital outcome in patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resting heart rate (HR) has been proven to influence long-term prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between resting HR at hospital admission and hospital outcome in patients with HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included Polish patients admitted to hospital due to HF who agreed to participate in Heart Failure Pilot Survey of the European Society of Cardiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final analysis included 598 patients. Median HR at hospital admission was 80 bpm. In univariate analyses, higher HR at admission was associated with more frequent use of inotropic support (p = 0.0462) and diuretics (p = 0.0426), worse clinical (New York Heart Association - NYHA) status at discharge (p = 0.0483), longer hospital stay (p = 0.0303) and higher in-hospital mortality (p = 0.003). Compared to patients who survived, patients who died during hospitalization (n = 21; 3.5%) were older, more often had a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and were characterized by higher NYHA class, higher HR at admission, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure at admission, lower ejection fraction, lower glomerular filtration rate, and lower natrium and hemoglobin concentrations at hospital admission. In multivariate analysis, higher HR at admission (OR 1.594 [per 10 bpm]; 95% CI 1.061-2.395; p = 0.0248) and lower natrium concentration at admission (OR 0.767 [per 1 mmol/L]; 95% CI 0.618-0.952; p = 0.0162) were the only independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with HF, higher resting HR at hospital admission is associated with increased in-hospital mortality.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapłon-Cieślicka
authors.affiliation: 1st Chair and Depar tment of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. pawel.balsam@me.com.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balsam
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozierański
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tymińska
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peller
authors.forename: Michalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galas
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wyzgał
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchel
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drożdż
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opolski
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D004232:Diuretics; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006339:Heart Rate; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010343:Patient Admission; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011044:Poland; D012042:Registries; D012146:Rest; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics