title: Antitumor and antioxidant status of Terminalia catappa against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant status of ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa leaves against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The leaves powder was extracted with Soxhlet apparatus and subjected to hot continuous percolation using ethanol (95% v/v). Tumor bearing animals was treated with 50 and 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract. EAC induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of EAC cells 1 × 10(6) cells/mice. The study was assed using life span of EAC-bearing hosts, hematological parameters, volume of solid tumor mass and status of antioxidant enzymes such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents from the leaves extract were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total phenolics and flavonoids contents from the leaves extract were found 354.02 and 51.67 mg/g extract. Oral administration of ethanol extract of T. catappa (50 and 200 mg/kg) increased the life span (27.82% and 60.59%), increased peritoneal cell count (8.85 ± 0.20 and 10.37 ± 0.26) and significantly decreased solid tumor mass (1.16 ± 0.14 cm(2)) at 200 mg/kg as compared with EAC-tumor bearing mice (P < 0.01). Hematological profile including red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin (11.91 ± 0.47 % g) and protein estimation were found to be nearly normal levels in extract-treated mice compared with tumor bearing control mice. Treatment with T. catappa significantly decreased levels of LPO and GSH, and increased levels of SOD and CAT activity (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T. catappa exhibited antitumor effect by modulating LPO and augmenting antioxidant defense systems in EAC bearing mice. The phenolic and flavonoid components in this extract may be responsible for antitumor activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Naitik B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tigari
authors.forename: Kotresha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dupadahalli
authors.forename: Hemalatha
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamurthy
authors.forename: Rama Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nadendla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000473:pathology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant; Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; Terminalia catappa; flavonoids; total phenolic