title: Prevalence and concentration of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the processing environment of small-scale pastured broiler farms.
abstract: A growing niche in the locally grown food movement is the small-scale production of broiler chickens using the pasture-raised poultry production model. Limited research exists that focuses on Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination in the environment associated with on-farm processing of pasture-raised broilers. The objective of this study was to establish data relative to Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence and concentration in soil and mortality compost resulting from prior processing waste disposal in the small-scale, on-farm broiler processing environment. Salmonella and Campylobacter concentrations were determined in soil (n = 42), compost (n = 39), and processing wastewater (PWW; n = 46) samples from 4 small broiler farms using a 3-tube most probable number (MPN) method for Salmonella and direct plating method for Campylobacter. Salmonella prevalence and concentration (mean log10 MPN per sample weight or volume) in soil [60%, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.66 to 1.27)], compost [64%, 0.95 (95% CI: 0.66 to 1.24)], and wastewater [48%, 1.29 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.71)] were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Although Campylobacter prevalence was not significantly different by sample type (64.3, 64.3, and 45.7% in soil, compost, and PWW, respectively), the concentration (mean log10 cfu) of this pathogen was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in wastewater [2.19 (95% CI: 0.36 to 3.03)] samples compared with soil [3.08 (95% CI: 2.23 to 3.94)], and compost [3.83 (95% CI: 2.71 to 4.95)]. These data provide insight into small-scale poultry production waste disposal practices and provides a record of data that may serve as a guide for future improvement of these practices. Further research is needed regarding the small-scale broiler production environment in relation to improving disposal of processing waste for optimum control of human pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223;
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Trimble
authors.forename: Walid Q
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Alali
authors.forename: Kristen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ricke
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaroni
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berrang
authors.forename: Mussie Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Habteselassie
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002645:Chickens; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004777:Environment; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater