title: Synovial joint fluid cytokine levels in hip disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate cytokine level characteristics in the hip joint fluid, including rapidly destructive coxopathy (RDC), OA, osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head and RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three hips with RDC, 57 with OA, 36 with ON and 10 with RA were included in the study. OA hips were divided into two groups: 20 hips with early OA without joint space narrowing and 37 hips with terminal OA. ON hips were divided into three groups: 13 hips with <3 mm collapse, 14 hips with >3 mm collapse and 9 hips with terminal ON. Joint fluid was collected during surgery. Cytokine levels including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured using homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measured cytokine levels in RDC were significantly higher than those in OA (P < 0.05). Terminal OA showed higher cytokine levels than those in early OA (P < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the ON group with >3 mm collapse were higher than those found in the ON group with <3 mm collapse. In comparing cytokine levels between RDC, terminal OA, RA and terminal ON, RDC showed significantly higher IL-8 levels than terminal OA and RA (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-8 levels in RDC were higher than in the other hip diseases. The IL-8 level may reflect the aggressiveness of joint destruction in RDC, and IL-6 and TNF-α levels may also reflect ongoing destruction in OA and ON.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. tsakai-osk@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: cytokine; hip disease; osteoarthritis; rapidly destructive coxopathy; synovial fluid