title: International comparisons of the incidence and mortality of sinonasal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper reviews international patterns in sinonasal cancer incidence and mortality in light of changes in exposure to known risk factors. Sinonasal tumours are relatively rare, but they have the second highest occupational attributable fraction of all types of cancer, with a well-established link for workers exposed to wood dust.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for a variety of countries, mainly in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region, were obtained from publicly accessible sources and supplemented with information requested from selected cancer registries. Rates were directly age-standardised to the World Health Organization Standard Population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average annual incidence of sinonasal cancer was typically between 5 and 10 per million in males and between 2 and 5 per million in females between 2004 and 2008. Denmark reported the highest rates, with incidence continuing to increase, in contrast to trends in other countries which either remained relatively stable, or were decreasing slightly. There were significant recent decreases in sinonasal cancer mortality rates within two-thirds of the included countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations are generally consistent with efforts to limit exposure to wood dust and other potentially causal substances in the workplace, as well as a reduction in the prevalence of smoking in many developed countries. Of concern is that occupational and behavioural risks related to sinonasal cancer are likely to increase among people in less developed countries into the future. However the incentive to intervene in these countries is limited by the lack of accurate and reliable cancer data.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Council Queensland, 553 Gregory Tce, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia. Electronic address: dannyyoulden@cancerqld.org.au.
authors.forename: Danny R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Youlden
authors.forename: Susanna M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cramb
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Sandro V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Porceddu
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fritschi
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Baade
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007390:International Agencies; D008297:Male; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: Epidemiology; Incidence; International; Mortality; Risk factors; Sinonasal cancer