title: Benefits of sensory garden and horticultural activities in dementia care: a modified scoping review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a review on the benefits associated with the use of sensory gardens and horticultural activities in dementia care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Maintaining quality of life is important in dementia care. Sensory gardens and horticultural activities are increasingly used in dementia care, yet their benefits are uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified scoping review with descriptive analysis of selected empirical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic searches in Amed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were used. Search terms were the free-text concepts 'healing garden', 'horticultural therapy', 'restorative garden' and 'wander garden' which were combined with dementia and Alzheimer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen studies were included with included participants ranging from eight to 129 participants. Research designs were case studies (n = 2), survey (n = 1), intervention studies with pretest/post-test design (n = 11) and randomised controlled studies (n = 2). Of these 16 studies, eight examined the benefits of sensory gardens, seven examined horticultural therapy or therapeutic horticulture and one examined the use of plants indoors. This study offers a review of the research addressing benefits of sensory gardens, therapeutic horticulture, horticultural therapy and other purposeful use of plants in dementia care. The reported findings are mainly on issues related to behaviour, affect and well-being. The findings are in general mutually supportive, however, with some contradictory findings. In addition, sleep pattern, well-being and functional level seem to improve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These types of nonpharmacological interventions may improve well-being and affect and reduce the occurrence of disruptive behaviour. Additionally, the use of psychotropic drugs, incidents of serious falls, sleep and sleep pattern also seem to improve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To further improve the use of the existing or planned gardens, an educational programme for staff that also includes skill training is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Nursing and Health, Diakonhjemmet University College, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Marianne T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirkevold
mesh_terms: D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D051639:Gardening; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: dementia; horticultural therapy; nature intervention; nonpharmacological intervention; outdoor activities; sensory garden; systematic review; therapeutic horticulture