title: Tobacco use among HIV-infected individuals in a rural community in Yunnan Province, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and correlates of smoking versus tobacco chewing, and potential gender differences in tobacco use among HIV-infected individuals in a rural community in Yunnan Province, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design using face-to-face interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participants, 301 (66.2%) were male; 79 (17.4%) were ethnic Han, 310 (68.1%) were Jingpo minority, 62 (13.6%) were Dai minority; 17.8% had no formal education and 55.6% had only primary school education; 15.4% were never married; 40% reported drinking in the past 30 days; 55.4% had ever used drugs; and 67% were currently receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mean age of the study participants was 38.1 years (SD=8.8). About 62% were current cigarette smokers. Current cigarette smoking was positively associated with being male (OR=142.43, 95% CI: 35.61-569.72) and current drinking (OR=7.64, 95% CI: 2.68-21.81), as well as having ever used drugs (OR=4.03, 95% CI: 1.31-12.35). Among current smokers, 67.6% were heavy smokers (smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day). Those who were older than 46 years of age (OR=9.68, 95% CI: 1.41-66.59) and current drinkers (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.56-4.83) were more likely to be heavy smokers. Approximately 9% were currently used chewing tobacco. Those who were female (OR=41.29, 95% CI: 8.53-199.93) and current drinkers (OR=3.22, 95% CI: 1.02-10.16) were more likely to use chewing tobacco. All who used chewing tobacco were ethnic minorities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette smoking and use of chewing tobacco were highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals in rural Yunnan, underscoring the urgent need for tobacco prevention and intervention programs tailored for this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Longchuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Qixiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Longchuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yongcheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuecheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meiyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: nhe@shmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D012424:Rural Population / Q000639:trends; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol use; Drug use; HIV; Minority; Tobacco use