title: Bio-responsive chitin-poly(L-lactic acid) composite nanogels for liver cancer.
abstract: Hepatic carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer and its treatment has been considered a therapeutic challenge. Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment for liver cancer. However, the efficacy of Dox therapy is restricted by the dose-dependent toxic side effects. To overcome the cardiotoxicity of Dox as well as the current problems of conventional modality treatment of HCC, we developed a locally injectable, biodegradable, and pH sensitive composite nanogels for site specific delivery. Both control and Dox loaded composite nanogel systems were analyzed by DLS, SEM, FTIR and TG/DTA. The size ranges of the control composite nanogels and their drug loaded counterparts were found to be 90±20 and 270±20 nm, respectively. The control chitin-PLA CNGs and Dox-chitin-PLA CNGs showed higher swelling and degradation in acidic pH. Drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release studies were carried out and showed a higher drug release at acidic pH compared to neutral pH. Cellular internalization of the nanogel systems was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the composite nanogels was analyzed toward HepG2 (human liver cancer) cell lines. Furthermore, the results of in vitro hemolytic assay and coagulation assay substantiate the blood compatibility of the system. Overall Dox-chitin-PLA CNGs system could be a promising anticancer drug delivery system for liver cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Arunraj
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanoj Rejinold
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashwin Kumar
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi 682041, India. Electronic address: rjayakumar@aims.amrita.edu.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D000080385:Nanogels; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D011091:Polyesters; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000080385:Nanogels; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D002686:Chitin; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C033616:poly(lactide); D004317:Doxorubicin; D011094:Polyethyleneimine
keywords: Chitin-PLA composite nanogels; Doxorubicin; Drug delivery; Liver cancer; Nanomedicine