title: Inflammatory responses in the muscle coat of stomach and small bowel in the postoperative ileus model of guinea pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Small intestinal function returns first after surgery, and then the function of the stomach returns to normal after postoperative ileus (POI). The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory responses in the muscle coat of stomach and small intestine in guinea pig POI model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distance of charcoal migration from pylorus to the distal intestine was measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical stain for calprotectin were done from the histologic sections of stomach, jejunum and ileum obtained at 3 and 6 hour after operation. Data were compared between sham operation and POI groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distance of charcoal migration was significantly reduced in the 3 and 6 hour POI groups compared with sham operated groups (p<0.05). On H&E staining, the degree of inflammation was significantly higher in the stomach of 3 hour POI groups compared with jejunum and ileum of POI groups or sham operated groups (p<0.05). Calprotectin positive cells were significantly increased in the muscle coat of stomach of 3 hour POI groups compared with jejunum and ileum of POI groups or sham operated groups (p<0.05). There was strong association between the degree of inflammation and calprotectin positive cells in stomach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative ileus induced by cecal manipulation significantly increased the degree of inflammation and calprotectin positive cells in the muscle coat of stomach as a remote organ. The relevance of degree of inflammation and the recovery time of ileus should be pursued in the future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea. HJPARK21@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Hong Kyu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Pil
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Hyojin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002606:Charcoal; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D045823:Ileus / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000276:immunology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Postoperative ileus; calprotectin; small intestine; stomach