title: Anomalous middle turbinate with choanal obstruction and maxillary sinusitis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several anatomical anomalies in the middle turbinate have been reported, they usually remain asymptomatic. However, complicated aberrant middle turbinate extending through the choana to the contralateral nasopharynx has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-year-old Korean woman presented with a 6-month history of nasal obstruction and postnasal discharge refractory to medical treatment. An endoscopic examination revealed an abnormal middle turbinate, and a pedunculated nasal mass covered with normal mucosa that originated from the right lateral nasal wall filled most of the right posterior choana and extended to the left nasopharynx across the posterior free edge of the nasal septum. Computed tomography of the paranasal sinus showed abnormal bony trabeculation from the posterior bony attachment of the right middle turbinate to the left posterior nasopharyngeal wall. In addition, right maxillary sinusitis was observed. From these findings, the lesion was suspected to be an abnormal configuration of the right middle turbinate with secondary maxillary sinusitis and was successfully treated by resection of the malformed middle turbinate and middle meatal antrostomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this case illustrates a very rare developmental anomaly of the middle turbinate, thorough knowledge of the development of and anatomical anomalies associated with the middle turbinate is of utmost importance to perform proper sinus surgery and avoid complications. Therefore, these findings should be considered by otolaryngologists, and careful examination of the nasal cavity is necessary to determine the existence of this rare anomaly.
authors.forename: Yong-Wan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Lyong
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea. choks@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyu-Sup
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho