title: Inhibition of lung inflammatory responses by bornyl acetate is correlated with regulation of myeloperoxidase activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bornyl acetate is a bicyclic monoterpene present in numerous conifer oils. In this study, we aimed at clarifying the potential anti-inflammatory function and mechanism of bornyl acetate by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury murine model and RAW 264.7 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with bornyl acetate 1 h before LPS stimulation and cell-free super supernatants were collected to measure cytokine concentrations. To induce acute lung injury, BALB/c mice were injected intranasally with LPS and treated with bornyl acetate 1 h before LPS stimulation. Seven hours after administration, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measuring the cell count and cytokine production. We collected lungs for assaying wet-to-dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, and histologic changes. The extent of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB was detected by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that bornyl acetate downregulated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo; reduced the number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF; attenuated the histologic alterations in the lung; decreased the wet-to-dry weight ratio in BALF; and suppressed NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha, extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-JunN-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested that bornyl acetate may be developed as a preventive agent for lung inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guoquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jinli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Qianchao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lanan W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Soromou
authors.forename: Haihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001892:Camphanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; C071528:bornyl acetate; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: Acute lung injury; Anti-inflammatory; Bornyl acetate; Lipopolysaccharide