title: Impact of toxicological properties of sulfonamides on the growth of zebrafish embryos in the water.
abstract: Extensive use of pharmaceutical compounds may result in contamination of water bodies lying adjacent to areas where there is a high level of human activity. To evaluate potential risks to fish embryos, three sulfonamides were investigated, by means of an extended zebrafish (Danio rerio) toxicity test. The bio-toxicity of antibacterial sulfonamides, at low concentrations, was investigated by observing lethal and sub-lethal effects on embryos and larvae. Results indicated that sulfonamides caused obvious toxic effects on spontaneous movements, heartbeats and hatching of t embryos, and also resulted in malformations in embryos and larvae. A significant toxicity effect was observed in zebrafish embryos and larvae that had been exposed to a low concentration of sulfadimidine (0.001 mg/L), and a significant difference was noted between the exposed and the blank control groups. Exposure to a low concentration of sulfonamide resulted in characteristic malformations, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, hemoglutinations, tail deformation and swim bladder defects.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yanqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000002:abnormalities; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013623:Tail / Q000002:abnormalities; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000187:drug effects; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013723:Teratogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Embryo; Exposure; Sulfonamides; Toxicity; Zebrafish