title: Acute alcohol response phenotype in heavy social drinkers is robust and reproducible.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 3 previously published works (Brumback et al., 2007, Drug Alcohol Depend 91:10-17; King et al., 2011a, Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:389-399; Roche and King, 2010, Psychopharmacology (Berl) 212:33-44), our group characterized acute alcohol responses in a large group of young, heavy binge drinkers (n = 104) across a variety of subjective, eye-tracking, and psychometric performance measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary goal of the current study was to directly replicate prior findings of alcohol response in heavy social drinkers (HD) in a second independent cohort (n = 104) using identical methodology. A secondary goal was to examine the effects of family history (FH) of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on acute alcohol response in both samples. Participants attended 2 randomized laboratory sessions in which they consumed 0.8 g/kg alcohol or a taste-masked placebo. At pre- and post-drink time points, participants completed subjective scales, psychomotor performance and eye-movement tasks, and provided salivary samples for cortisol determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that the second cohort of heavy drinkers exhibited a nearly identical pattern of alcohol responses to the original cohort, including sensitivity to alcohol's stimulating and hedonically rewarding effects during the rising breath alcohol content (BrAC) limb, increases in sedation during the declining BrAC limb, a lack of cortisol response, and psychomotor and eye-tracking impairment that was most evident at peak BrAC. The magnitude and temporal pattern of these acute effects of alcohol in the second cohort were similar to the first cohort across all measures, with the exception of 3 eye-movement measures: pro- and antisaccade accuracy and antisaccade velocity. FH of AUD did not affect alcohol response in the first cohort, and this was replicated in the second cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In sum, in 2 independent samples, we have demonstrated that HD display a consistent and reliable sensitivity to alcohol's subjective effects and impairment of eye-tracking and psychomotor performance, which is not affected by FH status. This acute alcohol response phenotype in heavy, frequent binge drinkers appears to be robust and reproducible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Daniel J O
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Palmeri
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D063425:Binge Drinking / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D001944:Breath Tests; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D012438:Saccades / Q000187:drug effects; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Alcohol Response; Binge Drinking; Objective Response; Replication; Subjective Response