title: First identification of Salmonella Urbana and Salmonella Ouakam in humans in Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salmonella infections are increasing worldwide, but there are few reports on Salmonella surveillance in African countries and other developing countries. This has made it difficult to estimate the actual burden of salmonellosis, especially in Africa. This study was conducted in a neglected Northern Region of Ghana where there are no previous data on Salmonella serotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard microbiological tests were used for isolation, identification, and serotyping. Micro-dilution was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four serotypes of Salmonella were identified: S. Urbana, S. Ouakam, S. Senftenberg, and S. Stanleyville. All the serotypes were susceptible to the 20 antibiotics used in the susceptibility test. S. Urbana and S. Ouakam were identified in humans for the first time in Africa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study may serve as a baseline study for future investigations on Salmonella in the region and may assist public health officials to take the appropriate measures in case of a disease outbreak caused by Salmonella in the area. The article may also give health officials a fair idea of the resistance level of these serotypes in the region.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. courageoush@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Courage Kosi Setsoafia
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrera-Leon
authors.forename: Maria Concepcion
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Porrero
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Bawa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demuyakor
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Zorn
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003625:Data Collection; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents