title: Study on cervical muscle volume by means of three-dimensional reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the cervical muscle volume variation by means of three-dimensional reconstruction from MRI images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen subjects were scanned using a Philips MRI scanner, including 11 men and 5 women, aged from 23 to 33 years, weighting between 49-80 kg. The deformation of a parametric specific object method was used to develop three-dimensional muscle models from contours on a small number of MRI images. Six subjects were reconstructed by two observers for evaluating the reliability by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results were also compared with in vivo measurement on a single specimen from a reference literature. The difference in left and right muscles volumes was assessed with a paired Wilcoxon signed rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed good reliability by means of ICC study and were consistent with the in vivo specimen measurements. The left and right paired muscle volumes showed no significant difference. Interindividual variance was large that could reach 364 cm(3) , but the ratio of a given muscle volume to the total volume was less variable, always lower than 13%. The maximum cross sectional areas of cervical muscles varied greatly between individuals and the maximum values were mostly found at the C6-C7 level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides initial results which could be used as reference data for clinical evaluation and biomechanical model development.
authors.affiliation: Arts et Métiers ParisTech, LBM, Paris, France; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laville
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonneau
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laporte
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Skalli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: MRI reconstruction; biomechanics; cervical muscle; clinical evaluation; muscle volume