title: Elicitors from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride promote Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root growth and tanshinone biosynthesis.
abstract: Biotic elicitors can be used to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in plants. However, limited information is available on the effects of biotic elicitors from endophytic fungi on their host plant. Trichoderma atroviride D16 is an endophytic fungus isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza and previously reported to produce tanshinone I (T-I) and tanshinone IIA (T-IIA). Here, the effects of extract of mycelium (EM) and the polysaccharide fraction (PSF), produced by T. atroviride D16, on the growth and secondary metabolism of S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots are reported. The results indicated that both EM and PSF promoted hairy root growth and stimulated the biosynthesis of tanshinones in hairy roots. EM slightly suppressed the accumulation of phenolic acids, while PSF had no significant influence on the accumulation of these compounds. When comparing the effects of EM versus PSF, it was concluded that PSF is one of the main active constituents responsible for promoting hairy root growth, as well as stimulating biosynthesis of tanshinones in the hairy root cultures. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of genes involved in the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway increased significantly with PSF treatment. Thus, PSF from endophytic T. atroviride D16 affected the chemical composition of the host plant by influencing the expression of genes related to the secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, treatment with PSF can be effectively utilized for large-scale production of tanshinones in the S. miltiorrhiza hairy root culture system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
authors.forename: Qianliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chengjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Qiaoyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Luping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000378:metabolism; D053630:Depsides / Q000378:metabolism; D060026:Endophytes / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D001572:Benzofurans; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D010636:Phenols; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C021751:tanshinone; C076944:salvianolic acid B
keywords: Endophytic fungi; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Trichoderma atroviride.; hairy roots; phenolic acids; tanshinones