title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of radiolucent renal stones in children: is it different opaque stone treatment?
abstract: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), stone-free rates, and related complications in children with radiolucent renal stones. A total of 56 patients aged <16 years from four institutions were enrolled in our study. Asymptomatic, clinically insignificant residual fragments measuring <4 mm or a complete stone-free status was accepted as the criterion for clinical success. Complications were evaluated according to the modified Clavien classification. The mean age of the patients was 7.8 ± 4.5 years. The mean stone size was calculated as 24.07 ± 10.4 mm. The median operative and fluoroscopy times were 53.2 min (15-170 min) and 172.4 s (5-520 s), respectively. The success rate after PNL monotherapy was 87.4%; the total success rate with shock wave lithotripsy used as an auxillary treatment method was detected as 94.6%. The total complication rate was 19.6% (11 patients). No adjacent organ injury was observed. All of the complications that occurred were minor according to the Clavien classification (Clavien Grades I-II). PNL can be applied to radiolucent pediatric renal stones in children with similar success, and complication rates as noted for radiopaque stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey, s.adanur61@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Şenol
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Adanur
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziypak
authors.forename: Ahmet Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sancaktutar
authors.forename: Abdülkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tepeler
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reşorlu
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Söylemez
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dağgülli
authors.forename: İsa
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Özbey
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unsal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome