title: Sedimentary PBDEs in urban areas of tropical Asian countries.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in surface sediment samples collected from urban canals or rivers in Lao PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia and Japan. The total PBDE concentrations in the sediments ranged from 0.83 to 3140 ng/g dry wt. BDE-209 was predominant, ranging from 43% to 97% of total PBDEs, followed by nona-BDEs and some detectable concentrations of BDEs 47, 49, 99, 100, 153, 154 and 183. Sedimentary PBDE levels in Malaysia, Cambodia, the Philippines and Thailand were generally higher than those reported for highly industrialized countries. Spatial distribution of PBDEs indicated that inland sources may impact coastal areas. The presence of BDE congeners which are not contained in technical mixtures and the higher proportions of nona-BDEs relative to BDE-209 in the sediments were identified as indicators of debromination. BDE-209 was possibly debrominated under anaerobic conditions in some of the sediment samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
authors.forename: Charita S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Hideshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Kaoruko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizukawa
authors.forename: Mahua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.lastname: Rinawati
authors.forename: Evangeline C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Santiago
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D007194:India; D007214:Indonesia; D007564:Japan; D008296:Malaysia; D010679:Philippines; D045483:Rivers; D013785:Thailand; D014744:Vietnam; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Coastal areas; Debromination; PBDEs; Surface sediment; Tropical Asian countries; Urban canals or rivers