title: Two-dimensional echocardiographic predictors of coarctation of the aorta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coarctation of the aorta is a very common congenital heart malformation. It is frequently associated with other abnormalities. Echocardiography is the diagnostic modality for congenital heart disease. The carotid-subclavian artery index and the isthmus/descending aorta index were proposed for establishing the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to evaluate such indexes and to look for other echocardiographic predictors of coarctation of the aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiography was reviewed for infants with coarctation of the aorta, as well as a control group, using the Echo PAC Dimension. Standard measurements were obtained from different sites of the aortic arch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 31 infants 3 months or less with coarctation of the aorta and 50 infants with no coarctation of the aorta were reviewed. Abnormal aortic valve was present in 65% of those with coarctation of the aorta. The diameters of the proximal and the distal transverse aortic arch were smaller in the coarctation of the aorta group. The distance between the aortic arch branches was longer in the coarctation of the aorta group. Apart from the ratio between distance 2 and the ascending aorta, other ratios/indexes were smaller in the coarctation of the aorta group than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of abnormal aortic valve, a carotid subclavian index <1.1, I/AAo ratio <0.53, and DTA/AAo ratio <0.6 suggest the presence of coarctation of the aorta. Neonates with large patent ductus arteriosus and any of these findings need close observation until the patent ductus arteriosus closes. If the arch is difficult to assess by two-dimensional echocardiography, the patient may need further imaging to rule out coarctation of the aorta.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Department,Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim,MCH BuraidahAl-Qassim,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al Akhfash
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Department,Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim,MCH BuraidahAl-Qassim,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Almesned
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Department,Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim,MCH BuraidahAl-Qassim,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Badr F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Al Harbi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Department,Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim,MCH BuraidahAl-Qassim,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Ghamdi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Department,Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim,MCH BuraidahAl-Qassim,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Maan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasson
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology Department,Prince Sultan Cardiac Center-Qassim,MCH BuraidahAl-Qassim,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahad M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Al Habshan
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies