title: 18F-FACBC compared with 11C-choline PET/CT in patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy: a prospective study in 28 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our study was to compare the detection rate of anti-3-18F-FACBC PET/CT in comparison with 11C-choline PET/CT in the evaluation of disease recurrence of PCa after radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight consecutive patients with biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy were submitted to anti-3-18F-FACBC PET/CT and 11C-choline PET/CT to evaluate the site of disease recurrence. Androgen deprivation therapy was avoided in all cases. The primary end point was the overall detection rate of the 2 radiotracers. A patient-based analysis and a lesion-based analysis was performed. The target to background ratio (TBR) of each lesion was reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of PET scan, mean age was 67 years and mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) relapse was 2.9 ng/mL (range: 0.2-14.6). In patient-based analyses, 11C-choline PET/CT was positive in 5 patients and negative in 23 (detection rate = 17.8%) and anti-3-18F-FACBC PET/CT was positive in 10 patients and negative in 18 (detection rate = 35.7%). All lesions that were positive using 11C-choline were positive using anti-3-18F-FACBC PET/CT but with the latter radiotracer, 11 (61.1%) additional tumors were identified including 5 (17.8%) additional patients. The TBR of anti-3-18F-FACBC was greater than 11C-choline in 15 of 18 lesions, confirming a better image quality and contrast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study demonstrated that the detection rate of anti-3-18F-FACBC PET/CT is greater in comparison with 11C-choline, with approximately 20% of additional patients and approximately 60% additional lesions detected. Further studies, however, are required to assess the exact added value of this new tracer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiavina
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunocilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: mark.borghesi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borghesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vagnoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002794:Choline; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C117460:fluciclovine F-18; D002794:Choline
keywords: 11C-Choline PET/CT; Biochemical relapse; Bone metastasis; Lymph node metastases; Prostate cancer; Restaging