title: MAIT cells detect and efficiently lyse bacterially-infected epithelial cells.
abstract: Mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are innate T lymphocytes that detect a large variety of bacteria and yeasts. This recognition depends on the detection of microbial compounds presented by the evolutionarily conserved major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class I molecule, MR1. Here we show that MAIT cells display cytotoxic activity towards MR1 overexpressing non-hematopoietic cells cocultured with bacteria. The NK receptor, CD161, highly expressed by MAIT cells, modulated the cytokine but not the cytotoxic response triggered by bacteria infected cells. MAIT cells are also activated by and kill epithelial cells expressing endogenous levels of MRI after infection with the invasive bacteria Shigella flexneri. In contrast, MAIT cells were not activated by epithelial cells infected by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. Finally, MAIT cells are activated in human volunteers receiving an attenuated strain of Shigella dysenteriae-1 tested as a potential vaccine. Thus, in humans, MAIT cells are the most abundant T cell subset able to detect and kill bacteria infected cells.
authors.affiliation: Institut curie, Inserm U932, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Bourhis
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dusseaux
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bohineust
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bessoles
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Premel
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coré
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sleurs
authors.forename: Nacer-Eddine
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Serriari
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Treiner
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hivroz
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sansonetti
authors.forename: Marie-Lise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gougeon
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soudais
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lantz
mesh_terms: D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B / Q000276:immunology; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology*; D012762:Shigella dysenteriae / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; C527203:KLRB1 protein, human; C094840:MR1 protein, human; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B