title: Reliability and validity of the Executive Interview (EXIT) and Quick EXIT among community dwelling older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the psychometric properties of the Executive Interview (EXIT) and Quick EXIT in community dwelling older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a longitudinal study of cognitive function in late-life depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling adults (N = 422), aged 59 years and older, with current or recent history of non-psychotic unipolar major depression, and never-depressed comparison subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EXIT and other measures of executive control functions (ECF), non-executive cognitive domains, and global cognitive function. We calculated Quick EXIT scores from the EXIT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EXIT demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.978, F(7, 21) = 174.85, p <0.001), and both the EXIT and Quick EXIT demonstrated moderate internal consistency (α = 0.66 and α = 0.68, respectively). Both tests also demonstrated acceptable convergent validity against several standard tests of ECF (rs -0.399 to 0.322, except for the Trail Making Test B, where rs was 0.057 to 0.063) as well as against measures of multifactorial cognitive function (rs -0.432 to 0.491). Both tests, however, demonstrated inconsistent discriminant validity against a variety of standard non-ECF tests (rs -0.013 to 0.376).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the EXIT and the Quick EXIT have adequate reliability and appear to require ECF in this population. However, both the EXIT and the Quick EXIT also reflect non-ECF domains. The EXIT and Quick EXIT should be considered to be measures of global cognitive function rather than pure ECF measures. Given similar reliability and validity, the Quick EXIT is recommended clinically as it is briefer and less burdensome than the full EXIT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute/Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Grace B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sereika
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Mary Amanda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dew
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: buttersma@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Meryl A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Butters
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Executive functions; aged; cognition