title: The Methanol Extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss Leaf Protects Mice Against Lethal Endotoxemia and Sepsis.
abstract: In the present study, the inhibitory effect of neem leaf extract (NLE) on lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was examined both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study revealed that NLE treatment (100 μg/ml) inhibits LPS (100 ng/ml)-induced NO production by 96% and TNF-α production by 32%. The reduction in NO production is probably conferred by the complete suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Interestingly, in vivo NLE significantly improved the survival rate of mice in an experimental sepsis model. Administration of NLE (100 mg/kg) 24 h before LPS treatment (20 mg/kg) improved the survival rate of mice by 60%. The inhibition of plasma NO and TNF-α production by NLE is likely to account for the improved survival of mice. Our results suggest that NLE may present a promising avenue in the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 570-749.
authors.forename: Woong-Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chun Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jong Moon
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Hwa Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Han Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sung Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Azadirachta indica A. Juss; LPS; NO; Rutin; Sepsis; TNF-α