title: [Operative strategies for bilateral brain contusion and laceration].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the operative strategies for bilateral brain contusion and laceration and evaluate their clinical significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the clinical manifestations, computed tomography (CT) and intracranial pressure (ICP), different operative strategies were applied to 25 cases of bilateral brain contusion and laceration. The strategies were classified into 6 types according to the principles of decompression and brain protection.All cases received routine treatments at neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) ward. And the occurrences of operative complications and 6-month Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type 1:4 cases of unilateral decompressive craniectomy without resection of contusion focus; Type 2:8 cases of unilateral decompressive craniectomy with resection of bilateral contusion focus; Type 3:5 cases of bilateral decompressive craniectomy with resection of unilateral brain contusion; Type 4:5 cases of bilateral decompressive craniectomy; Type 5:1 case of bilateral brain contusion resection; Type 6:2 cases of bilateral decompressive craniectomy and brain contusion resection.Postoperative complications such as epilepsy, expanding contusion foci, brain infarction, encephalocele, incisional CSF leakage, intracranial infection, subdural hydroma and hydrocephalus were rare. The 6-month GOS revealed 6 cases of good outcome (n = 6), moderate disability (n = 8), severe disability (n = 3) and vegetative status (n = 5) and death (n = 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different operative strategies may be applied for severe brain contusion and laceration according to their clinical manifestations, CT findings and ICP values. And the efficacies are improved by operative strategies based on the principles of ICP control, prevention of secondary injury and brain function preservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors.forename: Bing-hui
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Song-tao
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yi-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shu-xiang
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D056424:Decompressive Craniectomy; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult