title: Management of female infertility from hormonal causes.
abstract: Hormonal causes of female infertility involve ovulatory dysfunctions that may result from dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, peripheral endocrine glands, nonendocrine organs, or metabolic disorders. It is important to think of anovulation not as a diagnosis but as a symptom of a metabolic or endocrine disorder that requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation to identify the specific cause and to implement effective therapies that assure the best possible pregnancy outcome and avoid long-term adverse health consequences. In most instances, the medical history points to the underlying dysfunction, which can usually be confirmed with laboratory or imaging tests. For more challenging cases, more extensive evaluations may be needed, including perturbation studies. Nevertheless, the management of anovulatory infertility is gratifying because its causes are often manifest and the treatment usually results in resumption of ovulatory cycles, restoration of fertility, and healthy offspring through natural conception without requiring expensive and intrusive assisted reproductive technologies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Fertility and Women's Health, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, New Britain, USA. Electronic address: aluciano@thocc.org.
authors.forename: Antony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzone
authors.forename: Angelique J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Goverde
mesh_terms: D000858:Anovulation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
keywords: Anovulation; Fertility restoration; Induction of mono-ovulation; Infertility