title: Performance of zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction LC for the determination of iodinated X-ray contrast agents.
abstract: This study compares the separation performance of a group of iodinated X-ray contrast media on four different columns. The first three were two stationary phases (SPs) modified with C18 and a polar-embedded SP (polar amide group bonded to an alkyl chain), all of which worked under RP-LC mode. The fourth was a zwitterionic sulphoalkylbetaine SP, working under the hydrophilic interaction LC (HILIC) mode. After the optimisation of the different parameters, the zwitterionic column displayed the best separation, which also overcomes the problems encountered when these analytes were separated under RP-LC. Moreover, when HILIC is coupled to MS/MS, sensitivity is enhanced. However, when sewage samples were analysed by SPE followed by the optimal HILIC-MS/MS, the sensitivity of the method was affected due to the high matrix effect, which had to be solved by dilution of the extract. Finally, the method was preliminarily validated with sewage and the figures of merit were comparable to those of the SPE-RP-LC-MS/MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Echeverría
authors.forename: Pol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borrull
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fontanals
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pocurull
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000592:standards*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007455:Iodine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012722:Sewage; C034730:zwittergent 3-12; D007455:Iodine
keywords: Hydrophilic interaction LC; Iodinated X-ray contrast media; MS/MS; Sewage; Zwitterionic columns