title: Enhanced anti-obesity activities of red mold dioscorea when fermented using deep ocean water as the culture water.
abstract: Deep ocean water (DOW) has, in previous studies, been found to be a novel anti-obesity drink and useful in raising Monascus-produced monascin and ankaflavin levels. This may resolve the limited anti-obesity ability of red mold dioscorea (RMD) known as the Monascus purpureus-fermented Disocorea batatas. This study aims to compare the anti-obesity effect of DOW-cultured RMD (DOW-RMD) and ultra-pure water-cultured RMD (UPW-RMD) in rats fed on a high fat diet. Moreover, the effect of ions composition of DOW and DOW-influenced functional metabolites change of RMD on the differentiation and lipogenesis regulation were investigated using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. In the animal test, compared to UPW-RMD, DOW-RMD possessed better ability to inhibit increases in weight gain, and better feed efficiency, body-fat pad and cross-sectional area of adipocytes. In the cell test, the anti-obesity abilities of DOW-RMD in inhibiting PPARγ and C/EBPα expression in differentiation and lipoprotein lipase activity in lipogenesis were contributed to by the DOW-increased monascin and ankaflavin levels and the ions of DOW, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Continuing Education School, National Taitung Junior College, Taitung 95045, Taiwan. cllee@nttu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Li-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tzu-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lung
authors.forename: Yi-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Jyh-Jye
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tsung-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Bai-Luh
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Tzu-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Chun-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027742:Dioscorea / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005415:Flavins / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D032741:Monascus / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012623:Seawater; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D005415:Flavins; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D008055:Lipids; C499916:ankaflavin; D014867:Water; C517880:monascin