title: Novel electromyographic monitoring technique for prevention of right phrenic nerve palsy during cryoballoon ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is the most frequent complication of cryoballoon ablation. Diaphragmatic electromyography can predict PNP with a comfortable safety margin. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of electromyography-guided PN monitoring using a novel hepatic vein approach for prevention of PNP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study includes 57 patients (47 males) indicated for cryoballoon ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation. During right superior pulmonary vein ablation, the PN was paced at 60 beats per minute and diaphragmatic compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude was recorded via a quadripolar catheter positioned in a subdiaphragmatic hepatic vein. If a 30% drop in CMAP amplitude was observed, ablation was discontinued with forced deflation. Reliable recording of CMAP before ablation was feasible in 50 of 57 patients (88%). In 7 patients (12%), stable PN pacing could not be achieved. In 44 of 50 patients, CMAP amplitude remained constant during cryoapplication. The mean value of CMAP amplitude was 639.7±240.5 µV; mean variation was 13±4.3%. In 6 of 50 patients (12%) including 5 treated with a 23-mm cryoballoon and 1 with a 28-mm cryoballoon, the 30% reduction cutoff was reached and cryoablation was discontinued. Recovery of CMAP amplitude after discontinuing cryoablation took <60 seconds in all cases. No PNP or complication related to PN monitoring occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recording of diaphragmatic CMAP using a catheter positioned in a subdiaphragmatic hepatic vein seems feasible during cryoballoon ablation. Electromyography-guided PN monitoring seems safe and potentially helpful for prevention of PNP.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koutbi
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Attarian
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prevôt
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Deharo
mesh_terms: D003452:Cryosurgery; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010791:Phrenic Nerve
keywords: atrial fibrillation; catheter ablation; phrenic nerve