title: Cultural competency in health care and its implications for pharmacy part 3A: emphasis on pharmacy education, curriculums, and future directions.
abstract: Culture influences patients' beliefs and behaviors toward health and illness. As the U.S. population becomes more diverse, a critical need exists for pharmacy education to incorporate patient-centered culturally sensitive health care knowledge and skills into the curriculum. Nursing was the first profession to incorporate this type of learning and training into its curriculums, followed by medicine. Pharmacy has also made great progress to revise curriculums, but inconsistency exists in depth, breadth, and methods across pharmacy colleges. This article addresses important aspects of pharmacy education such as curriculum development, incorporation of educational innovations and techniques into the teaching of patient-centered culturally sensitive health care across the curriculum from didactic to experiential learning, assessment tools, and global education. A preliminary model curriculum with objectives and examples of teaching methods is proposed. Future directions in pharmacy education, teaching and learning scholarship, postgraduate education, licensure, and continuing education are also presented.
authors.affiliation: Address reprint requests to the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 13000 W. 87th St., Parkway, Suite 100, Lenexa, KS 66215. accp@accp.com.
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Magaly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez de Bittner
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Lamis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Karaoui
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echeverri
authors.forename: Aleda M H
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shin-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: Christine K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: Anita N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D054521:Cultural Competency; D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004521:Educational Measurement; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States
keywords: assessment; cultural competency; cultural sensitivity; curriculum; pharmacy education