title: Factors associated with weight changes in successful quitters participating in a smoking cessation program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify possible predictors of post-cessation weight gain in smoking abstainers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 607 successful abstainers seen at the Centre for Tobacco-Dependent in Prague, Czech Republic, between 2005 and 2010, was included in this analysis. This sample was followed up for 1year and included 47.9% women (N=291) with the mean age of 48years (18-85).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-cessation weight gain occurred in 88.6% of the 607 abstainers. The mean weight gain after one year post-quit was 5.1kg (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.5kg). Baseline characteristics associated with increased weight gain included a higher baseline smoking rate (p<0.001), more severe cigarette dependence (p=0.003), less physical activity (p=0.008), and a report of increased appetite on the baseline assessment of withdrawal symptoms (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers who are more dependent and have minimal physical activity are at increased risk for post-cessation weight gain. For these smokers, incorporating interventions targeting the weight issue into tobacco dependence treatment is recommended. Further research should be done to identify reasons for this important quitting complication.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco-Dependent, 3rd Internal Department - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: alexandra.kmetova@lf1.cuni.cz.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kmetova
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kralikova
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stepankova
authors.forename: Kamila
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zvolska
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaha
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sticha
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bortlicek
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Ivana T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Croghan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001066:Appetite; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018153:Czech Republic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CO; FTCD; Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence; MNWS; Minnesota Withdrawal Scale; NRT; Post-cessation; Smoking; Weight gain; carbon monoxide; nicotine replacement therapy