title: Optimization of SABRE for polarization of the tuberculosis drugs pyrazinamide and isoniazid.
abstract: Hyperpolarization produces nuclear spin polarization that is several orders of magnitude larger than that achieved at thermal equilibrium thus providing extraordinary contrast and sensitivity. As a parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) technique that does not require chemical modification of the substrate to polarize, Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) has attracted a lot of attention. Using a prototype parahydrogen polarizer, we polarize two drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis, namely pyrazinamide and isoniazid. We examine this approach in four solvents, methanol-d4, methanol, ethanol and DMSO and optimize the polarization transfer magnetic field strength, the temperature as well as intensity and duration of hydrogen bubbling to achieve the best overall signal enhancement and hence hyperpolarization level.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: hzeng6@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jiadi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gillen
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Artemov
authors.affiliation: Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen, Rheinstetten, Germany.
authors.forename: Jean-Max
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tyburn
authors.affiliation: Bruker UK Limited, Banner Lane, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Joost A B
authors.initials: JAB
authors.lastname: Lohman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
authors.forename: Ryan E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mewis
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
authors.forename: Gary G R
authors.initials: GGR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
authors.forename: Simon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Duckett
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: pvanzijl@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Peter C M
authors.initials: PCM
authors.lastname: van Zijl
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D012997:Solvents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D006859:Hydrogen; D007538:Isoniazid
keywords: Hyperpolarization; Isoniazid; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis; Parahydrogen; Pyrazinamide; SABRE