title: Attributes characterizing spontaneous ultra-weak photon signals of human subjects.
abstract: Sixty visible range photon signals spontaneously emitted from the dorsal side of both hands of fifteen human subjects are analyzed with the aim of finding their attributes. The signals are of 30 min duration and detected in bins of 50 ms by two synchronized photo multipliers sensitive in the range (290-630 nm). Each signal is a time series of 36,000 elements. The attributes of its signal are determined from the statistical properties of time series. The mean and variance of time series determine the attributes signal strength and intercept (p₀) and slope (p₁) of the Fano Factor curve. The photon count distribution of the time series determines squeezed state parameters |α|, r, θ and ϕ, squeezed state index (SSI), and sum of the squares of residue (SSR). The correlation between simultaneously detected signals determines intercept (c₀) and slope (c₁) of their correlation curve. The variability of attributes is studied by calculating them in smaller intervals covering the entire signal. The profile of attribute at 12 sites in a subject is more informative and biologically relevant.
authors.affiliation: LACDR/ Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rajendra P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bajpai
authors.forename: Eduard P A
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Van Wijk
authors.forename: Roeland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Wijk
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Greef
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017785:Photons; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Biophoton; Cluster analysis; Fano Factor; Left-right correlation; Meditation; Ultra-weak photon emission