title: Immune synapse: conductor of orchestrated organelle movement.
abstract: To ensure proper cell function, intracellular organelles are not randomly distributed within the cell, but polarized and highly constrained by the cytoskeleton and associated adaptor proteins. This relationship between distribution and function was originally found in neurons and epithelial cells; however, recent evidence suggests that it is a general phenomenon occurring in many highly specialized cells including T lymphocytes. Recent studies reveal that the orchestrated redistribution of organelles is dependent on antigen-specific activation of and immune synapse (IS) formation by T cells. This review highlights the functional implications of organelle polarization in early T cell activation and examines recent findings on how the IS sets the rhythm of organelle motion and the spread of the activation signal to the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Noa Beatriz
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Martín-Cófreces
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baixauli
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: fsmadrid@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Madrid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060049:Asymmetric Cell Division; D001692:Biological Transport; D016764:Cell Polarity; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D054992:Immunological Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: immune synapse; microcluster; microtubule; mitochondria; signalosome; vesicle