title: Impact of small-for-gestational age (SGA) status on gentamicin pharmacokinetics in neonates.
abstract: We compared gentamicin pharmacokinetics among neonates born small-for-gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA). We further compared gentamicin pharmacokinetics in subgroups of AGA and SGA neonates born preterm and term and treated within and after the initial week of age. Steady state peak and trough serum gentamicin concentrations were used to calculate clearance (Cl), elimination constant (Kel), volume of distribution (Vd), and half-life (t1/2 ) in infants (n = 236) who received ≥48 hours therapy. Statistical analyses (SPSS 17.0) included chi-square and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test. SGA infants treated early (≤7days) (n = 29) and at postmenstrual ages ≤32 weeks (n = 23) had significantly lower median Kel (0.069/h vs. 0.081/h and 0.067/h vs. 0.075/h) and clearance (0.58 mL/kg/min vs. 0.68 mL/kg/min and 0.46 mL/kg/min vs. 0.65 mL/kg/min), compared to those born AGA. There were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic profiles with later therapy or at more mature ages. The prolonged half-life of gentamicin may need to be considered in dosing regimens for preterm SGA infants in the initial week of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lulic-Botica
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sheer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Girija
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natarajan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: aminoglycoside; gentamicin; pharmacokinetics; small-for gestation