title: Pulmonary MRI contrast using Surface Quadrupolar Relaxation (SQUARE) of hyperpolarized (83)Kr.
abstract: Hyperpolarized (83)Kr has previously been demonstrated to enable MRI contrast that is sensitive to the chemical composition of the surface in a porous model system. Methodological advances have lead to a substantial increase in the (83)Kr hyperpolarization and the resulting signal intensity. Using the improved methodology for spin exchange optical pumping of isotopically enriched (83)Kr, internal anatomical details of ex vivo rodent lung were resolved with hyperpolarized (83)Kr MRI after krypton inhalation. Different (83)Kr relaxation times were found between the main bronchi and the parenchymal regions in ex vivo rat lungs. The T1 weighted hyperpolarized (83)Kr MRI provided a first demonstration of surface quadrupolar relaxation (SQUARE) pulmonary MRI contrast.
authors.affiliation: Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Six
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hughes-Riley
authors.forename: David M L
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lilburn
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dorkes
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Stupic
authors.forename: Dominick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Galina E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pavlovskaya
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meersmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D005740:Gases; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007554:Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D007726:Krypton / Q000737:chemistry*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005740:Gases; D007554:Isotopes; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D007726:Krypton
keywords: (83)Kr; Cryogenic separation; Hyperpolarized; Kr-83 hyperpolarization; Krypton-83; Lung surfactant; Noble gas MRI; Nuclear electric quadrupole moment; Pre-clinical MRI; Pulmonary MRI; Quadrupolar relaxation; Spin polarization; Spin-exchange optical pumping; Surface sensitive contrast