title: Analysis of mitochondrial genome diversity identifies new and ancient maternal lineages in Cambodian aborigines.
abstract: Cambodia harbours a variety of aboriginal (and presumably ancient) populations that have largely been ignored in studies of genetic diversity. Here we investigate the matrilineal gene pool of 1,054 Cambodians from 14 geographic populations. Using mitochondrial whole-genome sequencing, we identify eight new mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, all of which are either newly defined basal haplogroups or basal sub-branches. Most of the new basal haplogroups have very old coalescence ages, ranging from ~55,000 to ~68,000 years, suggesting that present-day Cambodian aborigines still carry ancient genetic polymorphisms in their maternal lineages, and most of the common Cambodian haplogroups probably originated locally before expanding to the surrounding areas during prehistory. Moreover, we observe a relatively close relationship between Cambodians and populations from the Indian subcontinent, supporting the earliest costal route of migration of modern humans from Africa into mainland Southeast Asia by way of the Indian subcontinent some 60,000 years ago.
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [3].
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Serey
authors.forename: Tuot
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sovannary
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bunnath
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seang Aun
authors.forename: Ham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samnom
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mannis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Oven
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics* / Q000266:history; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002160:Cambodia; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D005789:Genealogy and Heraldry; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006239:Haplotypes; D049690:History, Ancient; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial