title: The addition of whole soy flour to cafeteria diet reduces metabolic risk markers in wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soybean is termed a functional food because it contains bioactive compounds. However, its effects are not well known under unbalanced diet conditions. This work is aimed at evaluating the effect of adding whole soy flour to a cafeteria diet on intestinal histomorphometry, metabolic risk and toxicity markers in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 30 male adult Wistar rats were used, distributed among three groups (n = 10): AIN-93 M diet, cafeteria diet (CAF) and cafeteria diet with soy flour (CAFS), for 56 days. The following parameters were measured: food intake; weight gain; serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS); humidity and lipid fecal content; weight and fat of the liver. The villous height, the crypt depth and the thickness of the duodenal and ileal circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the animals were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant reduction in the food intake in the CAF group. The CAFS showed lower serum concentrations of triglycerides and serum TBARS and a lower percentage of hepatic fat, with a corresponding increase in thickness of the intestinal muscle layers. In the CAF group, an increase in the HbA1c, ALT, lipid excretion, liver TBARS and crypt depth, was observed associated with lower HDL-c and villous height. The addition of soy did not promote any change in these parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inclusion of whole soy flour in a high-fat diet may be helpful in reducing some markers of metabolic risk; however, more studies are required to clarify its effects on unbalanced diets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, CCB-II, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. hercia@ufv.br.
authors.forename: Gláucia Ferreira
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Crislaine das Graças
authors.initials: Cd
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Rocha
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Espeschit
authors.forename: Maria Inês de Souza
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: Laércio dos Anjos
authors.initials: Ldos A
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Sonia Machado Rocha
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Hércia Stampini Duarte
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Martino
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human