title: Ethical issues concerning the recruitment of university students as research subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the ethical issues in the recruitment of university students as research subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative review and discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recruitment and inclusion of students in university research projects raise ethical issues specific to this population. Students may be required or coerced to participate, receive course credits for their participation, and their privacy may be violated. Some ethically questionable procedures are standard practice at some universities, and endorsed by their institutional review boards and faculties. Some changes will not be easy to achieve because this implies a change of organization of research and will affect funding and output.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors call for international standards to be set for research with students, that are in line with applicable standards in research with other subjects, such as medically ill patients, on which researchers, members of institutional review boards and editors can base their policies, opinions and decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.leentjens@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Albert F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Leentjens
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Levenson
mesh_terms: D003068:Coercion; D032984:Ethics, Research; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection / Q000941:ethics*; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000941:ethics*; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D014838:Volunteers
keywords: Ethics; Recruitment; University students