title: Communication modality sampling for a toddler with Angelman syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vocal, gestural, and graphic communication modes were implemented concurrently with a toddler with Angelman syndrome to identify the most efficiently learned communication mode to emphasize in an initial augmentative communication system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symbols representing preferred objects were introduced in vocal, gestural, and graphic communication modes using an alternating treatment single-subject experimental design. Conventionally accepted prompting strategies were used to teach symbols in each communication mode. Because the learner did not vocally imitate, vocal mode intervention focused on increasing vocal frequency as an initial step.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When graphic and gestural mode performances were compared, the learner most accurately produced requests in graphic mode (percentage of nonoverlapping data = 96). Given the lack of success in prompting vocal productions, a comparison between vocal and the other two communication modes was not made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A growing body of evidence suggests that concurrent modality sampling is a promising low-inference, data-driven procedure that can be used to inform selection of a communication mode(s) for initial emphasis with young children. Concurrent modality sampling can guide clinical decisions regarding the allocation of treatment resources to promote success in building an initial communicative repertoire.
authors.affiliation: Correspondence to Jolene Hyppa Martin: jhyppama@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyppa Martin
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reichle
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimian
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017204:Angelman Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D001299:Audiometry / Q000379:methods; D003071:Cognition; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D005868:Gestures; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics; D012494:Sampling Studies; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Angelman syndrome; augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); communication modes; modality sampling