title: [Surgical strategy for management of postoperative stenosis of ateriovenous fistula in patients with end-stage renal disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the surgical approaches for management of postoperative stenosis of ateriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 415 patients with ESRD receiving radial-cephalic end-to-side anastomosis during the last 3 years, 29 developed postoperative AVF stenosis (of type Ia in 5 cases, type Ib in 17 cases, type II in 3 cases, and type II in 2 cases). A proximal anastomosis was created between the radical artery and cephalic vein for type Ia stenosis. In the 17 cases with type I b stenosis, 5 were managed by interception of suitable segments from the accessory cephalic veins for cephalic vein reconstructions, and 12 by transposition of the accessory cephalic veins. Of 3 cases with type II stenosis, 1 was managed by interception of the accessory cephalic vein for interposing into the cephalic vein, 1 by interception of the distal great saphenous vein for interposing into the cephalic vein, and 1 by transposition of the forearm basilic vein for end-to-side anastomosis with the radial artery. The 2 cases with type III were managed by end-to-side anastomosis between the forearm basilic vein and the radial artery or by conversion to AVF repair on the contralateral forearm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight of the 28 patients finally received surgical repair of AVF stenosis and the surgeries were completed successfully. Thrombosis of the outflow vein occurred 12 h after the repair in 1 case to require emergency embolectomy and anastomosis; restenosis occurred in 2 cases at 9 months postoperatively, for which progressive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed. The rate of restenosis was 7.1% (2/28). All the 28 patients undergoing AVF stenosis repair had successful HD for 12 months after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstructing the arteriovenous anastomosis, replacing the stenosis segment with an accessory cephalic vein or great saphenous vein graft, or altering the outflow with the forearm basilic vein can be surgical options for repairing postoperative AVF stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. E-mail: 1145364046@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zhongxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chunqiu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000601:surgery; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000601:surgery