title: Production of reactive oxygen species and wound-induced resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea are preceded and depend on a burst of calcium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wounded leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) within minutes after wounding and become resistant to the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea at a local level. This fast response of the plants to the wound is called wound-induced resistance (WIR). However the molecular mechanisms of this response and the signal cascade between the wound and ROS production are still largely unknown. Calcium is a conserved signal and it is involved in many abiotic stress responses in plants, furthermore, calcium pathways act very fast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study show that leaves treated with calcium channels inhibitors (verapamil) or calcium chelators (oxalate and EGTA) are impaired in ROS production. Moreover, leaves treated with verapamil, EGTA or oxalate were more susceptible to B. cinerea after wounding. The intracellular measurements of calcium changes indicated quick but transient calcium dynamics taking place few seconds after wounding in cells neighbouring the wound site. This change in the cytosolic calcium was followed in the same region by a more stable ROS burst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data further extend our knowledge on the connection between wounding, calcium influx and ROS production. Moreover they provide for the first time the evidence that, following wounding, calcium changes precede a burst in ROS in the same location.
authors.forename: Emna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beneloujaephajri
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Floriane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: L'Haridon
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Métraux
authors.affiliation: Department of biology, University of Fribourg, Ch, du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. matteo.binda@unifr.ch.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binda
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007700:Kinetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002118:Calcium