title: Self-inserted foreign body and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evaluated by the Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and self-inserted foreign bodies (SIFBs) in children by the Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five children (31 males and 14 females) with self-inserted foreign body of ear/nose and 37 healthy children (22 males and 15 females) included into the study. They were all between 3 and 9 years old. The parents filled the socio-demographic information form including age, gender, demographic data, previous medical history of the child and features of the family; and completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R) questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the SIFB group (study), 55.6% of the children were not attending to the school, 31.1% of them were attending to the primary school and 13.3% of them were the pre-school student. These rates were 37.8%, 32.4% and 29.7%, respectively, in the control group. The all CPRS-R subscale values (CG/I, H, ADHD-I, CGI-DI, DSMIV SS-I, DSM-IV SS-HI and DSM-IV SS-T) were significantly higher in the study group than the control group. There was no significant correlation between gender of the children and CPRS-R subscales. Children with lower school success, and having previous psychiatric problems were related to higher CPRS-R values in all subscales. In older children, hyperactivity scores were lower; and in younger children and the children, not going to the school, hyperactivity scores were higher. CPRS-R scores decreased as the child grown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that children with ADHD were more likely to have conditions that might damage himself/herself such as self-inserted foreign body or trauma than normal children. To avoid this condition, these families should closely observe the child; and the child should be provided to participate in activities such as group games and activities that contribute to the development of the child. Warning the children properly and close follow-up of the young children are required to prevent this unwanted condition.
authors.affiliation: Malatya State Hospital, ENT Department, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.forename: Nuray Bayar
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Muluk
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
authors.forename: Kübra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durukan
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004423:Ear; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Children; Self-inserted foreign body (SIFB); The Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised (CPRS-R)