title: Long-term effects of the booster-enhanced READY-Girls preconception counseling program on intentions and behaviors for family planning in teens with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine 12-month effects of a booster-enhanced preconception counseling (PC) program (READY-Girls) on family planning for teen girls with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants 13-19 years of age (n = 109) were randomized to a standard care control group (CG) or intervention group (IG) that received PC over three consecutive clinic visits. Prepost data were collected at baseline, 3- and 6-month booster sessions, and a 12-month follow-up visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 15.8 years; 9 (8%) subjects had type 2 diabetes; and 18 (17%) subjects were African American. At baseline, 20% (n = 22 of 109) had been sexually active, and of these, 50% (n = 11) had at least one episode of unprotected sex. Over time, IG participants retained greater PC knowledge (F[6, 541] = 4.05, P = 0.0005) and stronger intentions regarding PC (significant group-by-time effects) especially after boosters. IG participants had greater intentions to discuss PC (F[6, 82.4] = 2.56, P = 0.0254) and BC (F[6, 534] = 3.40, P = 0.0027) with health care providers (HCPs) and seek PC when planning a pregnancy (F[6, 534] = 2.58, P = 0.0180). Although not significant, IG participants, compared with CG, showed a consistent trend toward lower rates of overall sexual activity over time: less sexual debut (35 vs. 41%) and higher rates of abstinence (44 vs. 32%). No pregnancies were reported in either group throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  READY-Girls appeared to have long-term sustaining effects on PC knowledge, beliefs, and intentions to initiate discussion with HCPs that could improve reproductive health behaviors and outcomes. Strong boosters and providing PC at each clinic visit could play important roles in sustaining long-term effects.
authors.affiliation: Corresponding author: Denise Charron-Prochownik, dcpro@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charron-Prochownik
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sereika
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: A Blair
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Andrea F Rodgers
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DiNardo
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult