title: Combined microextraction by packed sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for rapid analysis of ractopamine in porcine muscle and urine samples.
abstract: A method for rapid analysis of ractopamine in porcine muscle and urine was developed and validated. The method was based on combined of microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Parameters of the MEPS procedure affecting extraction efficiency were optimised. Optimum extraction conditions were 100 μL of sample in five extraction cycles and sampling time of <3 min. Compared with solid-phase extraction, the MEPS procedure required less extraction time, sample volume and consumption of organic solvents. The method demonstrated high linearity within 0.01-2 μg/mL for porcine muscle and urine samples (R²>0.9985). Accuracies of muscle and urine analyses were 93.9-109.2% and 93.4-105.1%, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD%) were lower than 11.8% for both analyses. The method was applied for rapid analysis of ractopamine in biological samples. The method was simpler and could be used to screen other β₂-agonists in other extraction media.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Huiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine
keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection; Microextraction by packed sorbent; Porcine muscle; Porcine urine; Ractopamine