title: Developments in coupled solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis 2011-2013.
abstract: This article presents an overview of the design and application of coupled SPE-CE systems that have been reported in the literature between January 2011 and June 2013. The present paper is an update of three previous review papers covering the years 2000-2011 (Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 108-128; Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 44-54; Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 243-250). The use of in-line and on-line SPE-CE approaches is described in this review. Emerging technological developments, such as the use of in-line frit-free SPE and chip-based SPE for extraction of sample components prior to CE analysis, are outlined. Selected examples illustrate the applicability of SPE-CE in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and environmental analysis. A complete overview of recent SPE-CE studies is given in table format, providing information on sample type, SPE sorbent, coupling mode, detection mode, and LOD. Finally, some general conclusions and future perspectives are provided.
authors.affiliation: Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rawi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramautar
authors.forename: Govert W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Somsen
authors.forename: Gerhardus J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D004247:DNA
keywords: Biomedical and pharmaceutical applications; Environmental applications; In-line SPE-CE; On-chip SPE; On-line SPE-CE