title: Intraventricular tissue plasminogen activator for intraventricular hemorrhage caused by an arteriovenous malformation.
abstract: The use of thrombolytics delivered through an external ventricular drain has improved outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage, a disease with a poor prognosis; however, presence of an arteriovenous malformation is generally considered a contraindication to thrombolytic use. Due do the high mortality with the current standard of care, thrombolytics should be considered as an acceptable treatment option despite the presence of an arteriovenous malformation in certain clinical situations. We review the available literature and present an additional patient to make the case for the use of thrombolytics for intraventricular hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 982035 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2035, USA. Electronic address: kmkeefe@unmc.edu.
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 982035 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2035, USA.
authors.forename: Meysam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kebriaei
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 982035 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2035, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gard
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 982035 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2035, USA.
authors.forename: Arun-Angelo
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D057967:Infusions, Intraventricular; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: Intracranial arteriovenous malformation; Intracranial hemorrhage; Intraventricular injections; Thrombolytic therapy