title: Treating pain in addicted patients: recommendations from an expert panel.
abstract: Clinicians may face pragmatic, ethical, and legal issues when treating addicted patients. Equal pressures exist for clinicians to always address the health care needs of these patients in addition to their addiction. Although controversial, mainly because of the lack of evidence regarding their long-term efficacy, the use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain management is widespread. Their use for pain management in the addicted population can present even more challenges, especially when evaluating the likelihood of drug-seeking behavior. As the misuse and abuse of opioids continues to burgeon, clinicians must be particularly vigilant when prescribing chronic opioid therapy. The purpose of this article is to summarize recommendations from a recent meeting of experts convened to recommend how primary care physicians should approach treatment of chronic pain for addicted patients when an addiction specialist is not available for a referral. As there is a significant gap in guidelines and recommendations in this specific area of care, this article serves to create a foundation for expanding chronic pain guidelines in the area of treating the addicted population. This summary is designed to be a practical how-to guide for primary care physicians, discussing risk assessment, patient stratification, and recommended therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction , Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheatle
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wunsch
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skoufalos
authors.forename: Yeshwant
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000592:standards; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid