title: Multispectral imaging: a review of its technical aspects and applications in anatomic pathology.
abstract: The field of anatomic pathology has changed significantly over the last decades and, as a result of the technological developments in molecular pathology and genetics, has had increasing pressures put on it to become quantitative and to provide more information about protein expression on a cellular level in tissue sections. Multispectral imaging (MSI) has a long history as an advanced imaging modality and has been used for over a decade now in pathology to improve quantitative accuracy, enable the analysis of multicolor immunohistochemistry, and drastically reduce the impact of contrast-robbing tissue autofluorescence common in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. When combined with advanced software for the automated segmentation of different tissue morphologies (eg, tumor vs stroma) and cellular and subcellular segmentation, MSI can enable the per-cell quantitation of many markers simultaneously. This article covers the role that MSI has played in anatomic pathology in the analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, discusses the technological aspects of why MSI has been adopted, and provides a review of the literature of the application of MSI in anatomic pathology.
authors.affiliation: PerkinElmer, Inc, 68 Elm Street, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA. Email: james.mansfield@perkinelmer.com.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mansfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding / Q000662:veterinary; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D010341:Pathology, Veterinary / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: immunofluorescence; multicolor immunohistochemistry; multispectral imaging; pathology; per-cell quantitation; tissue cytometry