title: Ketamine alters behavior and decreases BDNF levels in the rat brain as a function of time after drug administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate behavioral changes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in rats subjected to ketamine administration (25 mg/kg) for 7 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioral evaluation was undertaken at 1 and 6 hours after the last injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed hyperlocomotion 1 hour after the last injection and a decrease in locomotion after 6 hours. Immobility time was decreased and climbing time was increased 6 hours after the last injection. BDNF levels were decreased in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala when rats were killed 6 hours after the last injection, compared to the saline group and to rats killed 1 hour after the last injection. BDNF levels in the striatum were decreased in rats killed 6 hours after the last ketamine injection, and BDNF levels in the hippocampus were decreased in the groups that were killed 1 and 6 hours after the last injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the effects of ketamine on behavior and BDNF levels are related to the time at which they were evaluated after administration of the drug.
authors.affiliation: National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Neuroscience, CriciúmaSC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: Gislaine Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Réus
authors.forename: Helena M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abelaira
authors.forename: Renata D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Canever
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfaffenseller
authors.forename: Gabriela D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Colpo
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapczinski
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: Alexandra I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Zugno
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007649:Ketamine