title: Tailoring of antibacterial Ag nanostructures on TiO2 nanotube layers by magnetron sputtering.
abstract: To reduce the incidence of postsurgical bacterial infection that may cause implantation failure at the implant-bone interface, surface treatment of titanium implants with antibiotic materials such as silver (Ag) has been proposed. The purpose of this work was to create TiO2 nanotubes using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), followed by formation of an antibacterial Ag nanostructure coating on the TiO2 nanotube layer using a magnetron sputtering system. PEO was performed on commercially pure Ti sheets. The Ag nanostructure was added onto the resulting TiO2 nanotube using magnetron sputtering at varying deposition rates. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the surface, and Ag content on the TiO2 nanotube layer was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning probe microscopy for surface roughness and contact angle measurement were used to indirectly confirm enhanced TiO2 nanotube hydrophilicity. Antibacterial activity of Ag ions in solution was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In vitro, TiO2 nanotubes coated with sputtered Ag resulted in significantly reduced S. aureus. Cell viability assays showed no toxicity for the lowest sputtering time group in the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. These results suggest that a multinanostructured layer with a biocompatible TiO2 nanotube and antimicrobial Ag coating is a promising biomaterial that can be tailored with magnetron sputtering for optimal performance.
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Uhm
authors.forename: Doo-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sang-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeon-Geon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Kyoung-Nam
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018030:Silver Compounds; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium
keywords: antibacterial activity; magnetron sputtering; nanotube; titanium dioxide