title: Influence of NADPH oxidase inhibition on oxidative stress parameters in rat hearts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess whether apocynin, an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase blocker, influences lipid peroxidation TBARS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, protein level, heart edema, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentration or the glutathione redox system in heart homogenates obtained from endothelin 1 (ET-1)-induced oxidative stress rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments were carried out on adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: Group I: saline-treated control; Group II: saline followed by ET-1 (3 μg/kg b.w., iv); Group III: apocynin (5 mg/kg b.w., iv) administered half an hour before saline; Group IV: apocynin (5 mg/kg b.w., iv) administered half an hour before ET-1 (3 μg/kg b.w., iv).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of ET-1 alone showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the hydrogen peroxide level (p < 0.01) vs. control, as well as a decrease (p < 0.001) in the GSH level. Apocynin significantly decreased TBARS (p < 0.001) and H2O2 (p < 0.05) level (vs. control) as well as improved protein level (p < 0.001) in the heart. Apocynin also prevented ET-1-induced heart edema (p < 0.05). The presence of ET-1 increased the concentration of TNF-α (p < 0.05) while apocynin decreased it (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that ET-1 may induce oxidative stress in heart tissue by reducing the GSH/GSSG ratio, stimulating lipid peroxidation and increasing TNF-α concentration. Apocynin diminished these measures of oxidative stress and TNF-α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET-1-induced formation of ROS in the heart is at least partially regulated via NADPH oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, PL 92-215 Łódź, Poland. kleniewska.p@interia.pl.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kleniewska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michalska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorąca
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000633:toxicity; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000975:Antioxidants; D019332:Endothelin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C056165:acetovanillone; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005978:Glutathione