title: Lymph node metastasis in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in male patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reveal the clinicopathological features and risk factors for lymph node metastases in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma of male patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospective reviewed a total of 146 male and female patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma who had undergone curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Department of Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital and Rui Jin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School between November 2001 and May 2012. Both the surgical procedure and extent of lymph node dissection were based on the recommendations of Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines. Univariate and multivariate analyses of lymph node metastases and the clinicopathological features were undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma was 72.1%. Univariate analysis showed an obvious correlation between lymph node metastases and tumor size, gross appearance, differentiation, pathological tumor depth, and lymphatic invasion in male patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor differentiation and pathological tumor depth were the independent risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients. There was an obvious relationship between lymph node metastases and tumor size, gross appearance, differentiation, pathological tumor depth, lymphatic invasion at pN1 and pN2, and nerve invasion at pN3 in male patients. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features or lymph node metastases between female and male patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor differentiation and tumor depth were risk factors for lymph node metastases in male patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma and should be considered when choosing surgery.
authors.affiliation: Gang Ren, Department of Radiology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ying-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Wen-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiang-Ru
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ye-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002299:Cardia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gastrectomy; Gastric neoplasm; Lymph node metastasis; Lymphadenectomy; Risk factors