title: Psychometric properties of the Dutch Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire in patients with a fracture of the upper or lower extremity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study examined the psychometric properties of the adapted Dutch translation of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire in patients with isolated unilateral lower fracture (LEF) or upper extremity fracture (UEF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (N = 458) completed the SMFA, WHOQOL-BREF, and the RAND-36 at time of diagnosis (i.e. pre-injury status), 1, and 2 weeks post-fracture. Principal axis factoring was performed, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients (α) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Furthermore, Pearson's product-moment correlations (r), paired t tests, and standardized response means (SRM) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A three-factor structure was found: Lower extremity dysfunction, Upper extremity dysfunction, and Daily life consequences. This structure was different for patients with LEF versus UEF. ICCs ranged from .68 to .90, and α varied from .81 to .95. The correlations between the SMFA and, respectively, the RAND-36 and WHOQOL-BREF were small to large depending on the SMFA factor combined with fracture location. Responsiveness was confirmed (p < .0001; SRM ranging from .28 to 1.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SMFA has good psychometric properties in patients with fractures. Patients with UEF and LEF could not be regarded as a homogenous group. The development of separate SMFA modules should be considered.
authors.affiliation: CoRPS, Department of Medical Psychology and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands, m.a.c.vanson@tilburguniversity.edu.
authors.forename: M A C
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Van Son
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Den Oudsten
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roukema
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gosens
authors.forename: M H J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Verhofstad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Vries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050281:Bones of Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D001133:Bones of Upper Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation