title: Multisite monitoring of choline using biosensor microprobe arrays in combination with CMOS circuitry.
abstract: A miniature device enabling parallel in vivo detection of the neurotransmitter choline in multiple brain regions of freely behaving rodents is presented. This is achieved by combining a biosensor microprobe array with a custom-developed CMOS chip. Each silicon microprobe comprises multiple platinum electrodes that are coated with an enzymatic membrane and a permselective layer for selective detection of choline. The biosensors, based on the principle of amperometric detection, exhibit a sensitivity of 157±35 µA mM(-1) cm(-2), a limit of detection of below 1 µM, and a response time in the range of 1 s. With on-chip digitalization and multiplexing, parallel recordings can be performed at a high signal-to-noise ratio with minimal space requirements and with substantial reduction of external signal interference. The layout of the integrated circuitry allows for versatile configuration of the current range and can, therefore, also be used for functionalization of the electrodes before use. The result is a compact, highly integrated system, very convenient for on-site measurements.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heer
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: van der Wal
authors.forename: Nico F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: de Rooij
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hierlemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014173:Transistors, Electronic
chemical_list: D002794:Choline