title: Contemporary management of vascular malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on vascular malformations and to clarify their diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment options.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed the current literature on vascular malformations looking for more innovative and credited diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review is divided in 4 sections (capillary, venous, arteriovenous, and lymphatic malformations). In each section, the clinical presentation, radiologic features, and treatment options for each kind of vascular malformation are described. The experience and results of the authors also are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular malformations are a heterogeneous group of diseases. Each type of malformation has unique features that make it largely different from the others. Only a clear and correct diagnosis can lead to optimal results.
authors.affiliation: Consultant, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colletti
authors.affiliation: Specialist Registrar, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: valassina.davide@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valassina
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertossi
authors.affiliation: Consultant, Department of Radiology, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Melchiorre
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vercellio
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brusati
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002196:Capillaries / Q000002:abnormalities; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery