title: Effects of maternal nicotine on breastfeeding infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To assess scientific evidence about the effects of maternal nicotine on infant by an integrative review. DATA SOURCES Studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from 1990 to 2009, with abstracts available in the Latin American Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-Line (Medline) databases. The descriptors were: "breastfeeding", "lactation" and "smoking". DATA SYNTHESIS The main identified effects of nicotine on infants were: changes in sleep and wakefulness patterns; reduction of iodine supply; hystopathological damage on liver and lung; intracellular oxidative damage; reduction of pancreatic ß cells; and decreased glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended to inform mothers about harmful chemicals contained in cigarettes that can be secreted into breast milk. They should be strongly encouraged to stop smoking during lactation.
authors.affiliation: UFES, VitóriaES, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cândida Caniçali
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Primo
authors.forename: Priscilla Bôa F
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ruela
authors.forename: Léia Damasceno de A
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Brotto
authors.forename: Telma Ribeiro
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Eliane de Fátima
authors.initials: Ede F
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine