title: Biotransformation of 17α-ethynyl substituted steroidal drugs with microbial and plant cell cultures: a review.
abstract: Structural modification of steroids through whole-cell biocatalysis is an invaluable procedure for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and key intermediates. Modifications could be carried out with regio- and stereospecificity at positions hardly available for chemical agents. Much attention has been focused recently on the biotransformation of 17α-ethynyl substituted steroidal drugs using fungi, bacteria and plant cell cultures in order to obtained novel biologically active compounds with diverse structure features. Present article includes studies on biotransformation on 17α-ethynyl substituted steroidal drugs using microorganisms and plant cell cultures. Various experimental and structural elucidation methods used in biotransformational processes are also highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: syedadnan@salam.uitm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Syed Adnan Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Normahanim Binti
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Fauzia Khadija Binti
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Muhammad Afifi Bin Mohd
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Faridz
authors.forename: Fatimah Bebe M
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Munawar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Humera Syed
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Adnan
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004963:Estrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D011283:Pregnenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D004963:Estrenes; D009652:Norpregnenes; D011283:Pregnenes; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol
keywords: 17α-Ethynyl substituted steroidal drugs; Cell suspension cultures; Microbial strains; Microbial transformation