title: Unilateral cholesteatoma in the first millennium BC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the bone lesions of the ear region from a late Bronze Age individual to establish the most probable diagnosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There has been evidence of diseases of the ear region since way back in history, but few human remains have been recognized. The case presented here corresponds to an ear lesion from a prehistoric skeleton found in the archeological site of La Cova des Pas (900-800 cal yr BC), located on Minorca island, in the western Mediterranean.
  
  
  METHODS
  Macroscopic and radiologic (iCT) analysis had been performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The remains belong to an elderly female subject who had a large cavity on the tympanic cavity as a result of the complete erosion of the outer wall of the attic and a large increase in the diameter of the outer ear canal. The cavity extends posterior to the mastoid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis suggests a probable cholesteatoma, being one of the oldest cases in Europe.
authors.affiliation: *Unitat d'Antropologia biològica, Dept. Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); †Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor de Barcelona; ‡Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); and §Neuroradiologia. Hospital de Sant Pau, UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Armentano
authors.forename: Assumpció
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malgosa
authors.forename: Brígida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abelló
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Juan Delago
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prats-Muñoz
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isidro
mesh_terms: D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*