title: Fermentation of ginseng extracts by Penicillium simplicissimum GS33 and anti-ovarian cancer activity of fermented products.
abstract: A total of 58 isolates of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms were isolated from soil around the wild ginseng roots under forest using Esculin-R2A agar. Among these isolates, strain GS33 showed a strong ability to convert ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd into F2, Rg3, C-K, and convert ginsenoside Rg1 into Rh1, and F1. Fermented ginseng products can inhibit ES-2 cells growth and the IC₅₀ value was 0.73 mg ml⁻¹. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain GS33 belongs to the genus Penicillium and is most closely related to Penicillium simplicissimum (99 %).
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Zhenhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Lunpeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chengri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D010407:Penicillium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts