title: HKT transporters--state of the art.
abstract: The increase in soil salinity poses a serious threat to agricultural yields. Under salinity stress, several Na⁺ transporters play an essential role in Na⁺ tolerance in plants. Amongst all Na+ transporters, HKT has been shown to have a crucial role in both mono and dicotyledonous plants in the tolerance to salinity stress. Here we present an overview of the physiological role of HKT transporters in plant Na⁺ homeostasis. HKT regulation and amino acids important to the correct function of HKT transporters are reviewed. The functions of the most recently characterized HKT members from both HKT1 and HKT2 subfamilies are also discussed. Topics that still need to be studied in future research (e.g., HKT regulation) as well as research suggestions (e.g., generation of HKT mutants) are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Amsterdam NL-1081 HV, The Netherlands. p.m.fidalgodealmeida@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katschnig
authors.forename: Albertus H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: de Boer
mesh_terms: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C088864:HKT1 protein, plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D027981:Symporters; D012964:Sodium