title: Concise review: bridging the gap: bone regeneration using skeletal stem cell-based strategies - where are we now?
abstract: Skeletal stem cells confer to bone its innate capacity for regeneration and repair. Bone regeneration strategies seek to harness and enhance this regenerative capacity for the replacement of tissue damaged or lost through congenital defects, trauma, functional/esthetic problems, and a broad range of diseases associated with an increasingly aged population. This review describes the state of the field and current steps to translate and apply skeletal stem cell biology in the clinic and the problems therein. Challenges are described along with key strategies including the isolation and ex vivo expansion of multipotential populations, the targeting/delivery of regenerative populations to sites of repair, and their differentiation toward bone lineages. Finally, preclinical models of bone repair are discussed along with their implications for clinical translation and the opportunities to harness that knowledge for musculoskeletal regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Janos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanczler
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tare
authors.forename: Moustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kassem
authors.forename: Richard O C
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Oreffo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
keywords: Angiogenesis; Bone tissue engineering; Mesenchymal; Osteogenesis; Osteoprogenitor; Skeletal stem cell; Tissue regeneration; Translational research