title: Hope grounded in belief: Influences of reward for application and social cynicism on dispositional hope.
abstract: Two studies explore whether general beliefs about the social world or social axioms may be antecedents of dispositional hope. Social axioms are generalized cognitive representations that provide frames for constructing individuals' hope-related cognitions. Considering social axioms' instrumental and ego-defensive functions, two social axioms, social cynicism and reward for application are hypothesized to be negative and positive predictors of hope, respectively. Study 1 used multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis. Study 2 used structural equation modeling to test the model with a pathway linking reward for application with hope, and another pathway linking social cynicism and hope that is mediated by self-esteem. The results are discussed in terms of extending the range of psychological constructs and processes that foster the development of hope.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
authors.forename: Allan B I
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bernardo
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010551:Personality; D012201:Reward; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hope; reward for application; self-esteem; social axioms; social cynicism