title: Chemoprotective potential of Coccinia indica against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating agent, is used in the treatment of cancer owing to its broad-spectrum efficacy, its metabolites exhibit severe undesired toxicities in normal cells. The present study was aimed to investigate the chemoprotective potential of Coccinia indica against CP-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rodents were orally pre-treated with Coccinia indica extract (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. On 5th day, these animals were injected with CP (50 mg/kg i.p) and sacrificed after 24 hrs. for the evaluation of oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, micronucleus formation, and chromosomal aberrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the CP significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased catalase and glutathione (GSH) levels in brain, and it was significantly reversed by Coccinia indica extract (400 and 600 mg/kg). Further, pre-treatment with Coccinia indica extract (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently reduced micronuclei formation and incidence of aberrant cells. We also found that the CP-induced increase in the serum biomarker enzymes like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alkaline aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced by Coccinia indica extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the present results indicate the protective effect of Coccinia indica extract against CP-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity, as well as hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur - 441 002, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nitharwal
authors.forename: Hasit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Manvendra Singh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Karchuli
authors.forename: Rajesh Ramesh
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ugale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D019662:Cucurbitaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002374:Catalase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Coccinia indica; cyclophosphamide; genotoxicity; oxidative stress