title: Penile metastasis from primary cholangiocarcinoma: the first case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastatic penile carcinoma derived from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has not been previously reported in the literature. Common metastatic sites for CCA include the regional lymph nodes and adjacent organs. CCAs are not highly vascularised tumours, making hematogenous metastases uncommon. Hematogenous CCA metastases commonly occur at distant organs such as the lungs, adrenal glands, and bones. Median survival for patients with metastatic disease is generally less than 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 74-year-old Caucasian man consulted us after having undergone penile ultrasonography for pain and increased thickness at the base of the penis after self-examination. The patient presented with a history of hepatitis C-related cirrhosis and intrahepatic CCA, diagnosed 3 years previously. A biopsy of the corpora cavernosa on both sides revealed a carcinoma harbouring the same histological and immunophenotypical features as the primary hepatic lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, there is no case of penile or urogenital system metastasis from CCA described in the literature. Therefore, this article represents the first case report of penile metastasis from CCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Urology Unit, ICOT Latina, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy. antonioluigi.pastore@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Antonio Luigi
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palleschi
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manfredonia
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maceroni
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvaro
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: Natale
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Cristofano
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Della Rocca
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuschi
authors.forename: Yazan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al Salhi
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moschese
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Petrozza
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*