title: Pharmacokinetics and serum concentrations of antimycobacterial drugs in adult Turkish patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the pharmacokinetics and serum concentrations of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in adult Turkish patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consenting 21 adult patients (aged 38 ± 4 years, 10 female and 11 male) with newly diagnosed active PTB participated in the study. Blood samples were collected 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after simultaneous isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (EMB) ingestion. Serum concentration-time profiles, maximum serum concentrations, time to achieve maximum serum concentrations, the half-life and the areas under the serum concentration-time curve for each of the four drugs were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wide variations in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed among patients. In respectively 8 (38%), 17 (81%), 3 (14%) and 1 (5%) patients, the maximum INH, RMP, PZA and EMB serum concentrations were below the accepted therapeutic concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that the serum concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs varied considerably in the study patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary to identify patients with subtherapeutic INH and RMP serum concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babalık
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ulus
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bakirci
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuyucu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arpag
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dagyildiz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çarpaner
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012293:Rifampin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D004977:Ethambutol; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin