title: Penile vibratory stimulation in the recovery of urinary continence and erectile function after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) in the preservation and restoration of erectile function and urinary continence in conjunction with nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was conducted between July 2010 and March 2013 as a randomized prospective trial at two university hospitals. Eligible participants were continent men with an International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score of at least 18, scheduled to undergo nerve-sparing RP. Patients were randomized to a PVS group or a control group. Patients in the PVS group were instructed in using a PVS device (FERTI CARE(®) vibrator). Stimulation was performed at the frenulum once daily by the patients in their own homes for at least 1 week before surgery. After catheter removal, daily PVS was re-initiated for a period of 6 weeks. Participants were evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery with the IIEF-5 questionnaire and questions regarding urinary bother. Patients using up to one pad daily for security reasons only were considered continent. The study was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT01067261).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 68 patients were available for analyses (30 patients randomized to PVS and 38 patients randomized to the control group). The IIEF-5 score was highest in the PVS group at all time points after surgery with a median score of 18 vs 7.5 in the control group at 12 months (P = 0.09), but the difference only reached borderline significance. At 12 months, 16/30 (53%) patients in the PVS group had reached an IIEF-5 score of at least 18, while this was the case for 12/38 (32%) patients in the control group (P = 0.07). There were no significant differences in the proportions of continent patients between groups at 3, 6 or 12 months. At 12 months 90% of the PVS patients were continent, while 94.7% of the control patients were continent (P = 0.46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study did not document a significant effect of PVS. However, the method proved to be acceptable for most patients and there was a trend towards better erectile function with PVS. More studies are needed to explore this possible effect further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fode
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borre
authors.forename: Dana A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ohl
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lichtbach
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sønksen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: erectile dysfunction; penile rehabilitation; penile vibratory stimulation; prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; urinary incontinence