title: Binocular stereoscopy in visual areas V-2, V-3, and V-3A of the macaque monkey.
abstract: Over 40 years ago, Hubel and Wiesel gave a preliminary report of the first account of cells in monkey cerebral cortex selective for binocular disparity. The cells were located outside of V-1 within a region referred to then as "area 18." A full-length manuscript never followed, because the demarcation of the visual areas within this region had not been fully worked out. Here, we provide a full description of the physiological experiments and identify the locations of the recorded neurons using a contemporary atlas generated by functional magnetic resonance imaging; we also perform an independent analysis of the location of the neurons relative to an anatomical landmark (the base of the lunate sulcus) that is often coincident with the border between V-2 and V-3. Disparity-tuned cells resided not only in V-2, the area now synonymous with area 18, but also in V-3 and probably within V-3A. The recordings showed that the disparity-tuned cells were biased for near disparities, tended to prefer vertical orientations, clustered by disparity preference, and often required stimulation of both eyes to elicit responses, features strongly suggesting a role in stereoscopic depth perception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, The Rockefeller University, Boston, MA 02115, USA and.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hubel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, The Rockefeller University, Boston, MA 02115, USA and.
authors.forename: Torsten N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Wiesel
authors.affiliation: Program in Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yeagle
authors.affiliation: Program in Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lafer-Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, The Rockefeller University, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Program in Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
authors.forename: Bevil R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Conway
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001271:Atlases as Topic; D008251:Macaca; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Hubel and Wiesel, stereopsis; binocular vision; depth; extrastriate cortex; functional organization