title: Nanoscale ligand spacing influences receptor triggering in T cells and NK cells.
abstract: Bioactive nanoscale arrays were constructed to ligate activating cell surface receptors on T cells (the CD3 component of the TCR complex) and natural killer (NK) cells (CD16). These arrays are formed from biofunctionalized gold nanospheres with controlled interparticle spacing in the range 25-104 nm. Responses to these nanoarrays were assessed using the extent of membrane-localized phosphotyrosine in T cells stimulated with CD3-binding nanoarrays and the size of cell contact area for NK cells stimulated with CD16-binding nanoarrays. In both cases, the strength of response decreased with increasing spacing, falling to background levels by 69 nm in the T cell/anti-CD3 system and 104 nm for the NK cell/anti-CD16 system. These results demonstrate that immune receptor triggering can be influenced by the nanoscale spatial organization of receptor/ligand interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials and ‡Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Derfogail
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delcassian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Depoil
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rudnicka
authors.forename: Mengling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dustin
authors.forename: Iain E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Dunlop
mesh_terms: D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell