title: Frequent glycan structure mining of influenza virus data revealed a sulfated glycan motif that increased viral infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known influenza viruses recognize and bind terminal sialic acid (SA) on glycans that are found on the cell surface. In this work, we used a data mining technique to analyze the glycan array data of influenza viruses to find novel glycan structures other than SA that may be involved in viral infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to SA structures noted previously, we noted the sulfated structures in the mining results. For verification, we overexpressed the sulfotransferase that is involved in synthesizing these structures, and we performed a viral infection experiment to assess changes in infection in these cells. In our results, we found that there is a 70-fold increase in these cells compared with the control. Thus, we have found a novel pattern in glycan structures that may be involved in viral infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Glycan Miner Tool is available from the RINGS resource at http://www.rings.t.soka.ac.jp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 and Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichimiya
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takase-Yoden
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki-Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D004285:Dogs; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012984:Software; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D015238:Sulfotransferases