title: Method to create regional mechanical dyssynchrony maps from short-axis cine steady-state free-precession images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a robust method to assess regional mechanical dyssynchrony from cine short-axis MR images. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for patients with heart failure and evidence of left-ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. Patient response to CRT is greatest when the LV pacing lead is placed in the most dyssynchronous segment. Existing techniques for assessing regional dyssynchrony require difficult acquisition and/or postprocessing. Our goal was to develop a widely applicable and robust method to assess regional mechanical dyssynchrony.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the endocardial boundary, radial displacement curves (RDCs) were generated throughout the LV. Cross-correlation was used to determine the delay time between each RDC and a patient-specific reference. Delay times were projected onto the American Heart Association 17-segment model creating a regional dyssynchrony map. Our method was tested in 10 normal individuals and 10 patients enrolled for CRT (QRS > 120 ms, NYHA III-IV, EF < 35%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delay times over the LV were 23.9 ± 33.8 ms and 93.1 ± 99.9 ms (P < 0.001) in normal subjects and patients, respectively. Interobserver reproducibility for segment averages was 6.8 ± 39.3 ms and there was 70% agreement in identifying the latest contracting segment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed a method that can reliably calculate regional delay times from cine steady-state free-precession (SSFP) images. Maps of regional dyssynchrony could be used to identify the latest-contracting segment to assist in CRT lead implantation.
authors.affiliation: Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology / Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Suever
authors.forename: Brandon K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Fornwalt
authors.forename: Lee R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Neuman
authors.forename: Jana G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Delfino
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Oshinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: cardiac resynchronization therapy; magnetic resonance imaging; mechanical dyssynchrony