title: Study of the influence of yeast inoculum concentration (Yarrowia lipolytica and Kluyveromyces lactis) on blue cheese aroma development using microbiological models.
abstract: Yarrowia lipolytica and Kluyveromyces lactis occur as part of Stilton cheese microflora yet are not controlled during production. This study investigated the influence of their inoculum concentration on aroma production. Models of Y. lipolytica and K. lactis, with Penicillium roqueforti, were analysed using instrumental and sensory analysis. Different concentrations of Y. lipolytica produced important changes in the aroma profiles of microbiological models, analysed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME GC-MS). Sensory analysis with discrimination tests showed differences were detectable via human perception but did not concern the similarity to blue cheese odour. Increasing the inoculum concentration of K. lactis resulted in decreased variation between replicates. Partial least squares (PLS) regression on Flash profile data showed models inoculated with low concentrations of K. lactis exhibited blue cheese-related attributes, associated with increased ketone production. Results suggest that controlling the amount of Y. lipolytica and K. lactis during production offers potential to manipulate blue cheese aroma development.
authors.affiliation: University of Northampton, School of Health, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK. Electronic address: elliott.james.price@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elliott J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Robert S T
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Linforth
authors.forename: Christine E R
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hewson
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hort
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gkatzionis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D025062:Yarrowia / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Blue cheese aroma; Discrimination tests; Flash profile; Kluyveromyces lactis; Napping®; Partial least squares regression; SPME GC–MS; Yarrowia lipolytica