title: Indapamide-induced transient myopia with supraciliary effusion: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ingestion of sulphonamide-derived drugs has been reported to possibly have ocular side-effects. Authors aimed to present a rare case of indapamide-induced transient myopia with ciliary body edema and supraciliary effusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 39 years old caucasian female patient presented at the Department of Neurology with headache and sudden bilateral loss of distant vision. Neurological assessment and cranial CT scans were unremarkable. For her hypertension, twice a day bisoprolol 2.5 mg and once a day indapamide 1.5 mg tablets were prescribed several days before. At her presenting, ophthalmic findings were as follows: visual acuity 0.08-7.25Dsph = 1.0 and 0.06-7.25Dsph = 1.0; IOP 25 mmHg and 24 mmHg, anterior chamber depth (ACD) 2.32 mm and 2.49 mm, lens thickness (L) 4.02 mm and 4.09 mm in the right and the left eye, respectively. By means of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), thickened (720 / 700 micron) and detached ciliary body, its forward movement (ciliary body-cornea angle 108' / 114') and forward rotated ciliary processes were seen. Angle opening distance (AOD500) were 300 / 314 microns. By the following days, the myopia gradually diminished, and a week after her first symptoms, her uncorrected visual acuity was 1.0 in both eyes, IOP 13 mmHg and 17 mmHg, ACD 3.68 mm and 3.66 mm, L 3.78 mm and 3.81 mm in the right and the left eye, respectively. Ciliary body edema and detachment disappeared (ciliary body thickness 225 / 230 micron), both of the ciliary body-cornea angle 134' / 140' and the AOD500 (650 / 640 microns) increased. At this point, the patient admitted that she had stopped taking indapamide two days before.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case report is the third one in the literature to present indapamide-induced transient myopia, and the first to employ UBM for describing the characteristics of this rare condition. According to the findings, authors suggest that both ciliary muscle contraction and ciliary body edema may play role in the pathomechanism. UBM seems to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of acute myopia. Further, authors wish to draw attention to one of the potential adverse effects of this drug which was not listed by its package insert.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas utca, Budapest 1088, Hungary. contactology52@freemail.hu.
authors.forename: Mihály
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Végh
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hári-Kovács
authors.forename: Kata
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Réz
authors.forename: Beáta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tapasztó
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Facskó
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002924:Ciliary Body; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007190:Indapamide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009216:Myopia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D014603:Uveal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007190:Indapamide