title: Combined effects of food and exercise on anaphylaxis.
abstract: Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIAn) is induced by different types and various intensities of physical activity, and is distinct from food allergies. It has been shown that consumption of allergenic food followed by exercise causes FDEIAn symptoms. Intake of allergenic food or medication before exercise is a major predisposing factor for FDEIAn. Urticaria and severe allergic reactions are general symptoms of FDEIAn. Dermatological tests and serum IgE assays are the typical prescreening methods, and have been used for several decades. However, these screening tests are not sufficient for detecting or preventing FDEIAn. It has been found that exercise may stimulate the release of mediators from IgE-dependent mast cells that can result in FDEIAn when a certain threshold level has been exceeded. Mast cell degradation might be a major factor to induce FDEIAn but this has not been determined. A number of foods have been reported to be involved in the onset of FDEIAn including wheat, eggs, chicken, shrimp, shellfish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables. It is also known that aspirin increases the occurrence of type I allergy symptoms when combined with specific foods. Moreover, high intensity and frequent exercise are more likely to provoke an attack than low intensity and less frequent exercise. In this paper, we present the current views of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FDEIAn within the context of exercise immunology. We also present a detailed FDEIAn definition along with etiologic factors and medical treatment for cholinergic urticaria (UC) and exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA).
authors.affiliation: Division of Police and Security Administration, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan 614-715, Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Chan Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yi Sub
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Kwi Baek
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Yun
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hyung Rock
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: FDEIAn; Food; anaphylaxis; exercise