title: A Balanced Time Perspective in Adulthood: Well-being and Developmental Effects.
abstract: This article presents a study that directly replicated the recently developed Balanced Time Perspective Scale (BTPS; J.D. Webster, 2011 ) and included middle-aged and older adults. Participants included 90 younger, 69 middle-aged, and 69 older adults who completed the BTPS and a measure of life satisfaction and happiness. A factor analysis replicated original findings with separate subscales for a past orientation and a future orientation obtaining simple structure (alphas = .94 and .95 respectively). A balanced time perspective predicted higher scores on both measures of well-being replicating the original J.D. Webster ( 2011 ) findings. A chi-square analysis indicated, as predicted, that the percentage of younger adults tended to be higher in the future-focused category, and the percentage of older adults tended to be higher in the past-focused category. Implications of a balanced time perspective on mental health over the life course are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Langara College, Vancouver, BC V5Y 2Z6.  jwebster@langara.bc.ca
authors.forename: Jeffrey Dean
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: University of Houston-Clear Lake.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D055815:Young Adult