title: Diversity of cultivable β-glycosidase-producing micro-organisms isolated from the soil of a ginseng field and their ginsenosides-hydrolysing activity.
abstract: This research aimed to explore the diversity of cultivable β-glycosidase-producing micro-organisms in ginseng field soil. Fifty-three strains showing β-glucosidase activity were isolated from a ginseng field, using a newly designed Esculin-R2A agar. All the isolated strains belonged to the genus Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Dyella, Edaphobacter, Luteibacter, Mucilaginibacter, Paenibacillus, Phenylobacterium, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Streptomyces. The main β-glucosidase-producing micro-organisms in the ginseng field soil were Sphingomonas, Burkholderia, Luteibacter and Streptomyces, while concentrations of Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas were relatively low. Of these micro-organisms, the strain GS 09 could hydrolyse major ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2 and Rc to the active metabolite compound K. The strain GS 09 belonged to the genus Sphingomonas, and its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed 100% similarities with that of Sphingomonas asaccharolytica.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to provide information of cultivable β-glycosidase-producing micro-organisms in ginseng field soil. The strain GS 09 has potential to be applied on the preparation for minor ginsenoside C-K in pharmaceutical industry.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D005894:Panax; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D036145:Ginsenosides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; C112772:ginsenoside compound K
keywords: biotransformation; diversity; ginsenoside; micro-organisms; β-glycosidase