title: Evaluation of sexual behavior of housed male camels (Camelus dromedarius) through female parades: correlation with climatic parameters.
abstract: Camels are seasonal breeders, and their sexual behavior is influenced by environmental conditions, but the relationship between climatic factors and sexual behavior has been poorly described in the available literature. Nowadays, the male camel living habit is shifting towards captivity; thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the sexual behavior of housed male dromedary camel through female's parades and to correlate it with climatic parameters. Four housed sires, reared for semen collection, and one dam were used and the trial lasted 8 weeks, considering the first week as control. Six days per week and during evenings, the female was brought near each males' boxes, while two observers filled a behavioral sampling ethogram and scored the male sexual behavior. After this parade, blood samples were taken from the female to evaluate the estradiol concentration. In addition, the following meteorological parameters were recorded, everyday, at 9:00 a.m. and 19:00 p.m.: pressure, wind, temperature, humidity, and H-index. The correlation between sexual behavioral score and female estradiol concentration and climate parameters was analyzed. All the behavioral parameters showed a significant upward trend; female estradiol concentration varied during the period and picked at week 5. Male sexual behavior was negatively correlated with morning H-index, wind, and temperature, and positively correlated with pressure and evening humidity, whereas it was not correlated with estrogen. In conclusion, female parade was a successful method to evaluate and stimulate the occurrence of housed male dromedary camel sexual activity that resulted to be negatively affected by hot temperature, warm wind, and lack of rain.
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatnassi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Padalino
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: Touhami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khorchani
authors.forename: Giovanni Michele
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lacalandra
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus / Q000097:blood; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature