title: Effects of long-term storage on Mal d 1 content of four apple cultivars with initial low Mal d 1 content.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to 6.6% of adults and 11.5% of children aged between 0 and 6 years are reporting a perceived fruit allergy. In the last group 8.5% perceived reactions against apple. To keep allergic reactions as low as possible and to make apple consumption more tolerable for patients allergic to apple, the Mal d 1 content of four apple cultivars ('Boskoop', 'Elise', 'Pinova', 'Santana' and 'Topaz') were analyzed, to identify apple cultivars with only a low Mal d 1 content. Further, the development of Mal d 1 content of low-allergenic cultivars should be investigated during long-term storage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest Mal d 1 content was measured for fruits of the cultivar 'Santana' at harvest, followed by 'Pinova' and 'Elise' after storage without 1-MCP. Nearly all fruits treated with 1-MCP had a significantly lower Mal d 1 content than fruits without 1-MCP, except for 'Boskoop' fruits after 44 weeks of storage. Apple cultivars with a low Mal d 1 content are not a cross of 'Golden Delicious' with another cultivar, with the exception of 'Pinova' which is a cultivar from the so-called 'Pi-series', which have a moderate resistance to scab and mildew. First experiments on tomatoes and peanuts have shown a reduction of allergic proteins in older and child generations after transfer of RNA. This reduction is probably based on an alteration of gene expression regulating the synthesis of allergic proteins, leading to changes in protein composition in the fruit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals allergic to apple should choose the described cultivars with relative low Mal d 1 content. If breeders want to breed cultivars with low allergy, they should avoid crossings with 'Golden Delicious'.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, D-53121, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiewning
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitz-Eiberger
mesh_terms: D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology; D061353:Food Storage; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D027845:Malus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; C095551:MALD1 protein, Malus domestica; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: 1-MCP; Mal d 1; allergenicity; apple allergy; long-term storage