title: IL-6 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation through  the SHP2/MEK2 and SHP2/Akt2 pathways in vitro.
abstract: It has been suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6)plays a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA), including osteoporosis not only in inflamed joints but also in the whole body. However, previous in vitro studies regarding the effects of IL-6 on osteoblast differentiation are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine the effects and signal transduction of IL-6 on osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and primary murine calvarial osteoblasts. IL-6 and its soluble receptor significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the expression of osteoblastic genes (Runx2, osterix, and osteocalcin), and mineralization in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates negative effects of IL-6 on osteoblast differentiation. Signal transduction studies demonstrated that IL-6 activated not only two major signaling pathways, SHP2/MEK/ERK and JAK/STAT3, but also the SHP2/PI3K/Akt2 signaling pathway. The negative effect of IL-6 on osteoblast differentiation was restored by inhibition of MEK as well as PI3K, while it was enhanced by inhibition of STAT3. Knockdown of MEK2 and Akt2 transfected with siRNA enhanced ALP activity and gene expression of Runx2. These results indicate that IL-6 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation through SHP2/MEK2/ERK and SHP2/PI3K/Akt2 pathways, while affecting it positively through JAK/STAT3. Inhibition of MEK2 and Akt2 signaling in osteoblasts might be of potential use in the treatment of osteoporosis in RA.
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneshiro
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: Kenrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chikahisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirao
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Tokimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; C494922:Akt2 protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; C482129:Map2k2 protein, mouse; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; C516725:Ptpn11 protein, mouse