title: Gallbladder complications associated with molecular targeted therapies: clinical and imaging features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and imaging features of molecular target therapies (MTT)-associated gallbladder complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical presentation, imaging features, management, and outcome in six consecutive patients, who developed gallbladder complications while on monotherapy with MTT, were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Imaging features included gallbladder distension, edema, hyperemia, pericholecystic fluid, and stranding. Two of the six patients were asymptomatic and continued the drug due to good response. Four of the six patients developed acute cholecystitis and required drug discontinuation temporarily or permanently with 2/4 patients requiring surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTT can be associated with gallbladder complications that may need temporary or permanent discontinuation of the associated drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115. Electronic address: stirumani@partners.org.com.
authors.forename: Sree Harsha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tirumani
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.forename: Atul B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shinagare
authors.forename: Jyothi P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jagannathan
authors.forename: Nikhil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ramaiya
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011758:Pyrroles; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib
keywords: Acute cholecystitis; CT; Gallbladder complications; Molecular targeted therapies; Ultrasound