title: Enrichment of wheat chips with omega-3 fatty acid by flaxseed addition: textural and some physicochemical properties.
abstract: In the present study, wheat chips enriched with flaxseed flour were produced and response surface methodology was used for the studying the simultaneous effects of flaxseed level (10-20%), frying temperature (160-180 °C) and frying time (40-60 s) on some physicochemical, textural and sensorial properties and fatty acid composition of wheat chips. Ridge analysis was conducted to determine the optimum levels of processing variables. Predictive regression equations with adequate coefficients of determination (R² ≥ 0.705) to explain the effect of processing variables were constructed. Addition of flaxseed flour increased the dry matter and protein content of samples and increase of frying temperature decreased the hardness values of wheat chips samples. Increment in flaxseed level provided an increase in unsaturated fatty acid content namely omega-3 fatty acids of wheat chips samples. Overall acceptability of chips increased with the increase of frying temperature. Ridge analysis showed that maximum taste score would be at flaxseed level = 10%, frying temperature = 180 °C and frying time = 50 s.
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Safa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kayacier
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003116:Color; D003296:Cooking; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D063427:Food Quality; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012677:Sensation; D062410:Snacks; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013649:Taste; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Chips; Flaxseed; Response surface methodology; Texture; Wheat flour