title: Clinical comparison of the TonoVet(®) rebound tonometer and the Tono-Pen Vet(®) applanation tonometer in dogs and cats with ocular disease: glaucoma or corneal pathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the TonoVet(®) rebound tonometer with the Tono-Pen Vet(®) applanation tonometer in a larger number of glaucomatous eyes and to evaluate the effect of different corneal pathologies on both tonometers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 26 eyes with clinical signs of glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using the TonoVet(®) followed by the Tono-Pen Vet(®) . In 29 eyes with focal corneal pathology (e.g., corneal scarring, edema, pigmentation), both tonometers were used successively to measure IOP in one unaffected area of the cornea, as well as on the lesion itself. Impact on measurement results was assessed comparing the deviation in IOP readings of each tonometer between the two localizations. Statistical data analysis included paired t-tests and regression analysis using sas software (version 9.2; SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In glaucomatous eyes, the TonoVet(®) consistently yielded higher values of IOP than the Tono-Pen Vet(®) as can be quantified by the regression equation IOP (TonoVet(®) ) [mmHg] = 1.12 * IOP (Tono-Pen Vet(®) ) [mmHg] + 11.5 with R(2) = 0.91 and P < 0.0001. Depending on the type and degree of corneal pathology, the deviation in IOP resulting from measurements on altered cornea ranged from -6 to 16 mmHg for the TonoVet(®) and -7 to 20 mmHg for the Tono-Pen Vet(®) , respectively. On average, the effect of corneal disease on IOP measurements was lower for the TonoVet(®) by 1.14 mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rebound tonometry appears to be a valuable alternative to established applanation tonometry in patients with ocular disease such as glaucoma and corneal disorders. In patients suffering from glaucoma, the same type of tonometer should be used for follow-up examinations, as measurement results of the TonoVet(®) and the Tono-Pen Vet(®) differ substantially with increasing IOP. Corneal pathology has considerable influence on both tonometers with the degree of over- or underestimation of IOP depending on the alteration of biomechanical properties of the cornea inflicted by various corneal pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Chirurgische und Gynäkologische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Spiessen
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karck
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rohn
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002415:Cats; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: applanation tonometry; cat; dog; intraocular pressure; rebound tonometry