title: Faculty staff-guided versus self-guided ultrasound training for internal medicine residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ultrasonography is of growing importance within internal medicine (IM), but the optimal method of training doctors to use it is uncertain. In this study, the authors provide the first objective comparison of two approaches to training IM residents in ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomised trial, a simulation-based ultrasound training curriculum was implemented during IM intern orientation at a tertiary care teaching hospital. All 72 incoming interns attended a lecture and were given access to online modules. Interns were then randomly assigned to a 4-hour faculty-guided (FG) or self-guided (SG) ultrasound training session in a simulation laboratory with both human and manikin models. Interns were asked to self-assess their competence in ultrasonography and underwent an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess their competence in basic and procedurally oriented ultrasound tasks. The primary outcome was the score on the OSCE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Faculty-guided training was superior to self-guided training based on the OSCE scores. Subjects in the FG training group achieved significantly higher OSCE scores on the two subsets of task completion (0.9-point difference, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-1.54; p = 0.008) and ultrasound image quality (2.43-point difference, 95% CI 1.5-3.36; p < 0.001). Both training groups demonstrated an increase in self-assessed competence after their respective training sessions and there was little difference between the groups. Subjects rated the FG training group much more favourably than the SG training group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both FG and SG ultrasound training curricula can improve the self-reported competence of IM interns in ultrasonography. However, FG training was superior to SG training in both skills acquisition and intern preference. Incorporating mandatory ultrasound training into IM residencies can address the perceived need for ultrasound training, improve confidence and procedural skills, and may enhance patient safety. However, the optimal training method may require significant faculty input.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Alba
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kelmenson
authors.forename: Vicki E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Alice F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Currier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D014463:Ultrasonography