title: Distinct neural mechanisms of tonal processing between musicians and non-musicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both behavioral and neural responses to deviant melody endings can be enhanced through musical training. Yet it is unknown whether there are any differences in the neural responses of musicians and non-musicians given no difference in their behavioral responses. It is also unknown whether the melody preceding the fixed final tone influences the sense of completion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded neuromagnetic responses in ten musicians and ten non-musicians while they were evaluating the sense of completion associated with melodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sense of a melody's completion was influenced by the combination of the preceding melody and the ending tones. The N1 had shorter latency in musicians, while the sustained field had larger amplitudes in non-musicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musicians and non-musicians rated the sense of completion similarly, yet neural responses differed between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that neural processes in musicians and non-musicians may be distinct even when the sense of completion is assessed similarly in both groups. In other words, there might be specific tonal processing available to non-musicians which can compensate for their lack of musical training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensory and Motor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: caorain-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karino
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Laboratory of Neurobiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensory and Motor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D009146:Music; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Magnetoencephalography (MEG); Music; Musician; Non-musician; Tonal processing