title: Diagnosis and treatment of vertebral hemangiomas with neurologic deficit: a report of 29 cases and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are called benign tumors but are actually just vascular malformations. The diagnosis and treatment for aggressive VHs is still controversial, due to their rarity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficiency of the present diagnostic methods and treatment choices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of aggressive VHs with neurologic deficit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 consecutive aggressive VH cases were diagnosed and treated in our department since 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  We routinely took anteroposterior and lateral spinal roentgenograms, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trocar biopsy is indicated in suspected malignant cases. Radiotherapy was usually our first choice if the neurologic deficit was mild or developed slowly. Surgery was indicated if the neurologic deficit was severe or developed quickly or if the radiotherapy was not effective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This series included 12 males and 17 females, and the mean age at diagnosis was 44.0 years (range, 21-72 years). Ten patients had radiculopathy, 1 had cauda equina syndrome, and 18 cases had myelopathy. Twenty-one cases had lesions in the thoracic spine, 5 in the lumbar, and 3 in the cervical region. Eleven cases had untypical image findings, including five cases with pathologic vertebral fracture. The neurologic compression came from only epidural soft tumor mass in 18 cases, whereas it came from both bony compression and soft lesion in the other 11 cases. Ten cases had radiotherapy alone, but two failed and had surgery later. Twenty-one cases had surgery. In the 12 cases having surgical decompression without vertebroplasty, the average estimated blood loss was 1900 mL, and it was 1093 mL for the eight cases having decompression with vertebroplasty. The average follow-up was 51.1 months (range, 24-133 months). There was no recurrence in those cases with radiotherapy, whereas three had local recurrence in those six cases treated by surgical decompression alone without radiotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In aggressive VHs, epidural soft-tissue compression was usually the main reason for neurologic deficit. In cases with rapid progressive and/or severe myelopathy, posterior decompression and stabilization could be combined with intraoperative vertebroplasty to reduce blood loss.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49. North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49. North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Radiological Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49, North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Hui Shu
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Pathological Department of Peking University Health Science Center, No 38 XueYuan Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Shao Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49. North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49. North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Radiological Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49, North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49. North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No 49. North Garden Rd, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: zjliu@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhong Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biopsy; Neurological deficit; Spine; Vertebral hemangioma; Vertebroplasty