title: Oleic acid increases hepatic sex hormone binding globulin production in men.
abstract: METHODS
  Low circulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Mediterranean diet has been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the increase of circulating MUFA associated with olive oil consumption (primary fat source in Mediterranean diet) increases SHBG serum levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 315 men were included. In these patients, nutrition data and plasma samples for SHBG assessment were obtained. In vitro studies to examine the effects of oleic and linoleic acid on SHBG production using HepG2 cells were performed. We provided evidence that SHBG serum levels were significantly higher in subjects using olive oil for cooking in comparison with subjects using sunflower oil. The SHBG levels correlated positively with MUFA (p < 0.001) and negatively with saturated fatty acids (p = 0.003). In the multiple regression analysis, MUFA were independently associated with SHBG levels and accounted for the 20.4% of SHBG variance. In vitro studies revealed that oleoyl-CoA increases SHBG production by downregulating PPAR-γ levels in HepG2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olive oil consumption is associated with elevated SHBG serum levels. PPAR-γ downregulation induced by oleoyl-CoA is an important underlying mechanism of such regulation.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sáez-López
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriguer
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojo-Martinez
authors.forename: Elehazara
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubio-Martín
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simó
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Selva
mesh_terms: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D003296:Cooking; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D056945:Hep G2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D000069463:Olive Oil; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010938:Plant Oils; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; C017585:oleoyl-coenzyme A; D019301:Oleic Acid
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Mediterranean diet; Oleic acid; Olive oil; Sex hormone binding globulin