title: Moringa fruit inhibits LPS-induced NO/iNOS expression through suppressing the NF-κ B activation in RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a natural biologically active substance, by determining its inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Extracts from different parts of moringa (root, leaf, and fruit) reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. The moringa fruit extract most effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO production and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The moringa fruit extract also was shown to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, moringa fruit extract inhibited the cytoplasmic degradation of I κ B -α and the nuclear translocation of p65 proteins, resulting in lower levels of NF -κ B transactivation. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that moringa fruit extract reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO , IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 via the inhibition of NF -κ B activation in RAW264.7 cells. These findings reveal, in part, the molecular basis underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of moringa fruit extract.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Tae-Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoon-Yub
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Whi-Gun
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Il-Kyung
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hyeun-Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Cheorl-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yung-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wun-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Young-Chae
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D029587:Moringa; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II