title: Surgical management of complex midfacial fractures.
abstract: This article presents an overview of surgical management for complex midfacial fractures for the practicing otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon. Discussion includes the important anatomic relationships; pathophysiology; clinical features; pertinent physical examination findings; imaging; surgical approaches; and techniques for repair of zygomaticomaxillary complex, orbital, naso-orbital-ethmoid, and Le Fort fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 North, Caroline Street 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kochhar
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008440:Maxillary Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D010808:Physical Examination; D011182:Postoperative Care; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Le Fort fracture; Midface fracture; Naso-orbital-ethmoid; Orbit; Trauma; Zygomaticomaxillary complex