title: Increased risk and related factors of depression among patients with COPD: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is a common and mostly undertreated problem in patients with chronic diseases. However, population-based studies on the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and subsequent depression are limited in Asian populations. This study evaluated the incidence and risk factors of depression for patients with COPD in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the claims data from the National Health Insurance of Taiwan, we identified 38,010 COPD patients newly diagnosed in 2000-2004 and 38,010 subjects without COPD frequency, matched by sex, age and index date. The incidence rate and hazard ratio for depression were estimated by the end of 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rate of depression was 1.88 folds higher in the COPD cohort than in the non-COPD cohort (12.2 versus 6.47 per 1,000 person-years, p < 0.0001). The depression risk was the greatest within the first year following COPD diagnosis and tended to decline with follow-up time. Among COPD patients, multivariate analysis showed that younger women and low-income patients were at higher risk of depression. Hospitalization and comorbidities such as hypertension, arthritis, cancer, and heart disease were also significant predictors for depression risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based cohort study demonstrated a strong relationship between COPD and subsequent depression. These findings could assist healthcare providers to pinpoint individuals with a higher predisposition to having depression, which could then facilitate the provision of culturally appropriate rehabilitation within the first year after the diagnosis of COPD.
authors.forename: Tzung-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hanoch
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Livneh
authors.forename: Ming-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pang-Yau
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. fcsung@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Fung-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology