title: Evaluation of patients with nasal polyps about the possible association of desmosomal junctions, RORA and PDE4D gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasal polyposis is chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa of the nose and sinuses, often associated with chronic non-allergic rhinitis, aspirin intolerance and non-allergic asthma. The etiology of nasal polyposis is unknown. Multiple factors contribute to the development of nasal polyps including genetic predisposition.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on patients applied due to nasal polyps. Blood samples were collected peripheral vein and stored at 4°C until analysis for DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood by a standard method, samples were studied in real time PCR. All patients were evaluated about the possible association of DSG1 (rs7236477-G, 96 rxn), DSG3 (rs1941184-C, 96 rxn), PDE4D (rs1588265) and RORA (rs11071559) gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  32 patients (17 male, 15 female) with nasal polyposis were included to the study. The mean age was 34.9 ± 17.7 years, ranging between 18 and 55 years. Control group was consisted with 50 healthy volunteers without a history of nasal polyp. DSG1, DSG3 and RORA values of the study group were not statistically different from control group (p > 0.05). PDE4D values of the study group were significantly different from control group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of nasal polyps including genetic predisposition. The PDE4D family has gained interest in the complex pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. This is likely linked to the mucosal inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Genetics and Department of Internal Medicine, Izzet Baysal Medicine Faculty of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. tayfunent@yahoo.com2  
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Apuhan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gepdiremen
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aktas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D051183:Desmoglein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051184:Desmoglein 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D057094:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: C495297:DSG1 protein, human; C071894:DSG3 protein, human; D051183:Desmoglein 1; D051184:Desmoglein 3; D057094:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1; C539738:RORA protein, human; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; C517376:PDE4D protein, human