title: Microtubules that form the stationary lattice of muscle fibers are dynamic and nucleated at Golgi elements.
abstract: Skeletal muscle microtubules (MTs) form a nonclassic grid-like network, which has so far been documented in static images only. We have now observed and analyzed dynamics of GFP constructs of MT and Golgi markers in single live fibers and in the whole mouse muscle in vivo. Using confocal, intravital, and superresolution microscopy, we find that muscle MTs are dynamic, growing at the typical speed of ∼9 µm/min, and forming small bundles that build a durable network. We also show that static Golgi elements, associated with the MT-organizing center proteins γ-tubulin and pericentrin, are major sites of muscle MT nucleation, in addition to the previously identified sites (i.e., nuclear membranes). These data give us a framework for understanding how muscle MTs organize and how they contribute to the pathology of muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
authors.affiliation: Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oddoux
authors.forename: Kristien J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Zaal
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Aster
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kenea
authors.forename: Shuktika A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nandkeolyar
authors.forename: Ericka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ralston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; C522423:EB3 protein, mouse; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; C086178:pericentrin