title: Nausea predicts delayed gastric emptying in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI), or any individual symptom, is associated with delayed gastric emptying in children, and to assess understanding of symptoms associated with delayed gastric emptying.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty children (36 F), 5-18 years of age, undergoing gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) at Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, completed Likert-type GCSI and symptom comprehension questionnaires. Correlation of GES results (normal or abnormal) with questionnaire results using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of subjects had a normal GES. Children reported understanding most terms of GCSI (average score 2.59, range 0-3). The GCSI was not associated with delayed gastric emptying. Nausea was associated with delayed gastric emptying only (numerical P = .04, word P = .02). Results were not altered when poorly understood terms were excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GCSI is not associated with delayed gastric emptying in children. Lack of association does not seem to be related to lack of understanding. Nausea alone was the only symptom that showed an association with delayed gastric emptying on GES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: Hjericho@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jericho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago IL.
authors.forename: Papa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics Research Core, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago IL.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics Research Core, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago IL.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rychlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago IL.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saps
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: BMI; Body mass index; CMH; Children's Memorial Hospital of Chicago; GCSI; GES; Gastric emptying scintigraphy; Gastroparesis cardinal symptom index