title: An immunochromatographic assay for rapid and direct detection of 3-amino-5-morpholino-2-oxazolidone (AMOZ) in meat and feed samples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Furaltadone (FTD) is a type of nitrofuran and has been banned in many countries as a veterinary drug in food-producing animals owing to its potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. FTD is unstable in vivo, rapidly metabolizing to 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ); thus AMOZ can be used as an indicator for illegal usage of FTD. Usually, for the determination of nitrofurans, the analyte is often a derivative of the metabolite rather than the metabolite itself. In this study, based on the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against AMOZ, a competitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) using a colloidal gold-mAb probe for rapid and direct detection of AMOZ without a derivatization step in meat and feed samples was developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intensity of red color in the test line is inversely related to the analyte concentration and the visual detection limit was found to be 10 ng mL⁻¹. The performance of this assay was simple and convenient because the tedious and time-consuming derivatization step was avoided. The ICA detection was completed within 10 min. The ICA strips could be used for 7 weeks at room temperature without significant loss of activity. The AMOZ spiked samples were detected by ICA and confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of the two methods were in good agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed ICA provides a feasible tool for simple, sensitive, rapid, convenient and semi-quantitative detection of AMOZ in meat and feed samples on site. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the ICA for direct detection of AMOZ.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Shuqun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Biyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Huafang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Anping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001711:Biotransformation; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002645:Chickens; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D017979:Gold Colloid / Q000737:chemistry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009153:Mutagens / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009581:Nitrofurans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011934:Reagent Strips; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C504349:3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002273:Carcinogens; D017979:Gold Colloid; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009025:Morpholines; D009153:Mutagens; D009581:Nitrofurans; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D011934:Reagent Strips
keywords: 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ); colloidal gold nanoparticles; furaltadone; immunochromatographic assay (ICA); meat and feed samples; monoclonal antibody; nitrofuran