title: Serum N-glycan alteration associated with renal cell carcinoma detected by high throughput glycan analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biomarkers for the early detection and prediction of survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma have not been established. We developed what is to our knowledge a novel glycoblotting method that allows high throughput, comprehensive, quantitative analysis of glycans in human serum. In this study we identified alterations in serum N-glycans associated with renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a comprehensive N-glycan structural analysis of serum from 64 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 34 age matched, healthy volunteers using glycoblotting methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The peak intensity of N-glycan was analyzed using logistic regression analysis and ROCs were used to select candidate N-glycans. Candidate N-glycans with a statistically significant relationship to renal cell carcinoma or overall survival were independently evaluated using a Cox regression model to determine superiority compared to other conventional renal cell carcinoma biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 56 types of N-glycans in serum from healthy volunteers and patients with renal cell carcinoma. Peaks 40 and 43 were significantly more intense in patients than in volunteers. Peak 19 intensity was significantly higher and peak 49 intensity was significantly lower in patients with renal cell carcinoma who survived for a longer period. Multivariate analysis revealed that peaks 19 and 49 were independent predictors of overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum N-glycan analysis is a promising approach to discovering new biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma. Further study is warranted to validate our results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tobisawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. Electronic address: coyama@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: biological markers; carcinoma; diagnosis; kidney; lipid-linked oligosaccharides; renal cell