title: Evidence for reduced neuromuscular function in men with a history of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indices of body composition and muscular strength were compared between men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and asymptomatic matched men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine subjects aged 63-83 years with PCa who received ADT (PCa+ADT; duration 6-180 months) and 11 asymptomatic aged-matched eugonadal men (HM) aged 59-80 years were assessed for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total testosterone (TT). Total body non-osseous lean mass (TBLM) and right thigh non-osseous fat-free mass (RTLM) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Peak torque of the right knee extensors at 0° s(-1) (ISO) and 60° s(-1) (CON), maximal handgrip strength of the dominant hand (MHS) and whole-body strength (WBS) were assessed. ISO and CON per unit mass of RTLM and MHS and WBS per unit mass of TBLM were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, height, mass, body mass index and prostate-specific antigen were comparable between groups (P>0·05), while TT was lower in PCa+ADT (P<0·01). RTLM was similar between groups (P≥0·075). Absolute ISO and CON were lower for PCa+ADT (P<0·01) as were CON per unit of RTLM and ISO per unit of RTLM (P<0·05). Absolute MHS, WBS and MHS per unit of TBLM and WBS per unit of TBLM were lower for PCa+ADT (P<0·01; P<0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with PCa who receive ADT experience significant losses in whole-body muscular strength compared with asymptomatic age-matched men, which may impair functional capacity. These losses in muscular strength appear to involve neuromuscular mechanisms that are yet to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Sports Science Laboratories, School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Frank E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013739:Testosterone; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: lean muscle mass; muscle quality; muscle strength; neuromuscular mechanisms; normalized peak torque; peak torque