title: Moving beyond energy homeostasis: new roles for glucagon-like peptide-1 in food and drug reward.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a hormone and neuropeptide, is known to regulate energy homeostasis in part through an established central role in controlling food intake. Historically this central role has largely been attributed to GLP-1 receptor signaling in the brainstem and hypothalamus. However, emerging data indicate that GLP-1 also contributes to non-homeostatic regulation of food reward and motivated behaviors in brain reward centers, including the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. The hypothesis that GLP-1 signaling modulates reward circuitry has provided the impetus for studies demonstrating that GLP-1 attenuates reward for psychostimulants and alcohol. Here, we examine current evidence for GLP-1-mediated regulation of food and drug reward and use these findings to hypothesize mechanisms of action within brain reward centers.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Neuroscience Program in Substance Abuse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: india.a.reddy@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: India A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Gregg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Stanwood
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Neuroscience Program in Substance Abuse, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: aurelio.galli@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Alcohol; Dopamine; Drugs of abuse; Food; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Psychostimulants; Reward; Transporter