title: The diversity of shell matrix proteins: genome-wide investigation of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata.
abstract: In molluscs, shell matrix proteins are associated with biomineralization, a biologically controlled process that involves nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate crystals. Identification and characterization of shell matrix proteins are important for better understanding of the adaptive radiation of a large variety of molluscs. We searched the draft genome sequence of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata and annotated 30 different kinds of shell matrix proteins. Of these, we could identified Perlucin, ependymin-related protein and SPARC as common genes shared by bivalves and gastropods; however, most gastropod shell matrix proteins were not found in the P. fucata genome. Glycinerich proteins were conserved in the genus Pinctada. Another important finding with regard to these annotated genes was that numerous shell matrix proteins are encoded by more than one gene; e.g., three ACCBP-like proteins, three CaLPs, five chitin synthase-like proteins, two N16 proteins (pearlins), 10 N19 proteins, two nacreins, four Pifs, nine shematrins, two prismalin-14 proteins, and 21 tyrosinases. This diversity of shell matrix proteins may be implicated in the morphological diversity of mollusc shells. The annotated genes reported here can be searched in P. fucata gene models version 1.1 and genome assembly version 1.0 ( http://marinegenomics.oist.jp/pinctada_fucata ). These genes should provide a useful resource for studies of the genetic basis of biomineralization and evaluation of the role of shell matrix proteins as an evolutionary toolkit among the molluscs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Kurin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Limura
authors.forename: Yukinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isowa
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotaki
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaoka
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: Atsuto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Notazawa
authors.forename: Fumito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sarashina
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ryousuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.forename: Nori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyohara
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Samata
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Shugo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watabe
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D060105:Animal Shells / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome / Q000502:physiology*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D049911:Pinctada / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins