title: A protective role of sulforaphane on alveolar epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulforaphane (SFN) is an excellent antioxidant agent, few of the studies focus on the possible protective role of SFN from cigarette smoke-induced injury on alveolar epithelial cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  the aim of the study is to observe the possible protective role of SFN, as well as the function of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in the process.
  
  
  METHODS
  MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability after cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and/or SFN exposure, cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by staining with fluorescent indicator 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), finally both real-time quantitative RT-PCR and western blot were employed to observe mRNA and protein levels of IGFBP-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SFN could restore the viability of A549 cells, attenuate G1 block of the cell cycle, and significantly reduce the proportion of sub-G1 cells; at the same time, CSE-induced accumulation of intracellular ROS was decreased by SFN. Interestingly, high expression of IGFBP-3 was found at both transcriptional and translational levels, however by pre-incubation with SFN, the expression of IGFBP-3 was not stimulated by CSE exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SFN can antagonize CSE-induced growth arrest of alveolar epithelial cells and IGFBP-3 probably plays an important role in the process.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, Gansu , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zongxian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Qiangnu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiachen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Dengmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chenyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013454:Sulfoxides; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012906:Smoke; D013454:Sulfoxides; C016766:sulforaphane