title: Toll-like receptors and liver disease.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in host defence by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). Recent studies indicate that TLR signalling plays an important role in progression of chronic liver diseases. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that therapeutic manipulation of TLR pathways may offer novel means of reversing chronic liver diseases. Upon activation by their respective ligands, TLRs initiate an intracellular pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory signalling cascade via recruitment of various adaptor proteins. TLR associated signalling pathways are tightly regulated to keep a check on inappropriate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons thereby preventing various autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge of hepatic distribution, signalling pathways and therapeutic modulation of TLRs in chronic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Recanati/Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kesar
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Odin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: PAMP; TLR; liver