title: Soya phospholipid complex of mangiferin enhances its hepatoprotectivity by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mangiferin is a xanthonoid present in Mangifera indica. It has been reported for a variety of pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotection. However, the major disadvantage of mangiferin is its reduced biological activity due to poor absorption, low bioavailability and rapid elimination from the body after administration. The aim of this study was to prepare a phospholipid complex of mangiferin to overcome these limitations and to investigate the impact of the complex on hepatoprotective activity and bioavailability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the complex has an enhanced hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant activity as compared to pure mangiferin at the same dose level (30 and 60 mg kg⁻¹). The complex restored the levels of serum hepatic marker enzymes and liver antioxidant enzymes with respect to carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. The complex also increased the bioavailability of mangiferin in rat serum by 9.75-fold compared to pure mangiferin at the same dose level and enhanced the elimination half-life (t(1/2 el)) from 1.71 ± 0.12 h⁻¹ to 3.52 ± 0.27 h⁻¹.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that the complexation of mangiferin with soya phospholipid enhanced the hepatoprotection and in vivo antioxidant activity, which may be due to the improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in rat serum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
authors.forename: Sauvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: Sk Milan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ahmmed
authors.forename: Bishnu Pada
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Pulok K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D006207:Half-Life; D048550:Hepatic Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010316:Particle Size; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D044004:Xanthones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D010743:Phospholipids; D020011:Protective Agents; D044004:Xanthones; C013592:mangiferin
keywords: antioxidant; hepatoprotective activity; mangiferin; pharmacokinetics; phospholipid complex