title: HIV and depression in Eastern Nigeria: the role of HIV-related stigma.
abstract: To examine the prevalence of depression among HIV-positive patients in Eastern Nigeria and to explore its association with HIV-related stigma. One hundred and five patients with a diagnosis of HIV attending HIV clinics in Eastern Nigeria completed a questionnaire consisting of demographic and health background, the Patients Health Questionnaire (to measure depression) and the Berger HIV stigma scale. As many as 33.3% of participants were considered depressed. Depression was positively correlated with overall stigma score with further analysis finding a positive correlation with all four subscales of the questionnaire (personalised stigma, disclosure, negative self-image and public attitudes). Individuals experiencing more side effects of HIV treatment were also rated as more depressed. A regression analysis found that negative self-image and number of treatment side effects were significant predictors of depression. Depression is positively associated with HIV-related stigma in this sample in Eastern Nigeria. As both stigma and depression have been shown to have a negative impact on quality of life for those with HIV, health professionals working to support them should be aware of the impact of stigma on risk of depression. Screening for both HIV-related stigma and depression would be an important intervention to promote both physical and psychological well-being amongst HIV-positive patients in Eastern Nigeria.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health and Policy Studies , Swansea University , Swansea , UK.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onyebuchi-Iwudibia
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires