title: Analgesic Effect of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Therapy at Wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm on Bothrops moojeni Venom-Induced Hyperalgesia.
abstract: Envenoming induced by Bothrops snakes is characterized by drastic local tissue damage involving hemorrhage, myonecrosis and proeminent inflammatory and hyperalgesic response. The most effective treatment is antivenom therapy, which is ineffective in neutralizing the local response. Herein, it was evaluated the effectiveness of light-emitting diode (LED) at wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm in reducing inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Bothrops moojeni venom (BmV) in mice, produced by an subplantar injection of BmV (1 μg). Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed by von Frey filaments at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after venom injection. The site of BmV injection (1.2 cm(2) ) was irradiated by LEDs at 30 min and 3 h after venom inoculation. Both 635 nm (110 mW, fluence of 3.76 J/cm(2) and 41 s of irradiation time) and 945 nm (120 mW, fluence of 3.8 J/cm(2) and 38 s of irradiation time) LED inhibited mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia of mice alone or in combination with antivenom treatment, even when the symptoms were already present. The effect of phototherapy in reducing local pain induced by BmV should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of local symptoms induced after bothropic snake bites.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nikele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nadur-Andrade
authors.affiliation: Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stella R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Zamuner
authors.affiliation: Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Toniolo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Instrumentation, Camilo Castelo Branco University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.affiliation: Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dale
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017837:Bothrops; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000628:therapy*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D051379:Mice; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000997:Antivenins