title: Identification and characterization of transforming growth factor β induced gene (TGFBIG) from Branchiostoma belcheri: insights into evolution of TGFBI family.
abstract: The transforming growth factor β induced gene (TGFBIG) encodes a protein (TGFBI) which plays important roles in many biological processes. However, no TGFBIG homolog has been reported in B. belcheri. Here, we identified a TGFBI-like gene from B. belcheri and extensively studied the evolutionary history of TGFBI family. We found that the amphioxus genome contains a TGFBIG homolog designated as AmphiTGFBI which encodes a protein with 5 Fas1 domains. The TGFBIGs were present in a common ancestor with Amphimedon queenslandica. We also demonstrated expression patterns of AmphiTGFBI in five amphioxus tissues. Interestingly, the gene structures and conserved motifs of invertebrate TGFBIGs were found to present regular changes in the evolution. Positive selection and Fas1 domain loss might cause the regular changes of gene structures and conserved motifs in invertebrate TGFBIGs during evolution. Together, our findings provided an insight into the evolution of the TGFBI family.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Yafang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China. Electronic address: mafei01@tsinghua.org.cn.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D064175:Lancelets / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
keywords: Amphioxus; Domain loss; Evolution; Gene duplication; Persiostin; TGFBI family; TGFBIG