title: Mandatory resection of strangulation marks in small bowel obstruction?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No evidence is available on how to treat intraoperatively detected band-shaped strangulation marks of the bowel wall originating from an adhesive band or hernia ring. The authors prefer to resect these hazardous strangulation marks to avoid secondary small bowel perforation. This retrospective study investigated the prevalence of intraoperatively unrecognized ulceration and transmural necrosis at the site of the strangulation marks.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2003 to July 2011, a total of 31 of 461 patients with acute bowel obstruction underwent small bowel resection due to strangulation marks, exclusively. Seven patients had two strangulation marks, resulting in 38 strangulation marks to be analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 38 examined strangulation marks, 14 (36.8 %) exhibited deep ulceration or transmural necrosis. Four (10.5 %) necrotic lesions had already been recognized intraoperatively, while 7 (18.4 %) unsuspicious strangulation marks showed deep ulceration and 3 (7.9 %) showed transmural necrosis exclusively at final histopathologic examination. The number of strangulation marks that needed to be resected for prevention of one missed deep ulceration and/or transmural necrosis of the small bowel was 3.4. The presence of deep ulceration or transmural necrosis is associated with an obvious decrease in bowel diameter caudad to the strangulation mark. No anastomotic leak occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The severity of small bowel damage at the site of band-shaped strangulation marks may be underestimated by surgeons. The present series showed favorable results with a resection-per-principle policy for these strangulation marks. If an obvious decrease of bowel diameter aborally to the strangulation mark is present, resection or seromuscular invagination of the later is particularly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of Liestal, Affiliated to the University of Basel, Liestal, Switzerland, sakaeser@swissonline.ch.
authors.forename: Samuel Andreas
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Käser
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Willi
authors.forename: Christoph Andreas
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Maurer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult