title: Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in vascular warning syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular warning syndromes constitute a neurological emergency due to their associated high risk of established stroke. At present, there is no strong evidence indicating the best treatment for these patients. The aim of this paper is to describe the function of intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis in the treatment of vascular warning syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our hospital records and the literature to find patients with neurologically fluctuating profiles and who underwent intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We retrieved 3 cases from our hospital records and 19 from the literature (15 males and 7 females). Mean age was 68.7±9 years (range: 52-84 years). The mean number of episodes before treatment was 4 (range: 2-15 episodes). The maximum NIHSS scores ranged from 6 to 22 in different patients. We obtained 24-hour post-treatment NIHSS scores in 8 cases; of these cases, 6 (75%) had a score of 0, and the other 2 (25%) had a score of 12. The Modified Rankin Score calculated at 3 months of treatment was 0 or 1 in 18 patients (81.8%); these 18 comprised 8 of the 10 patients with lacunar warning syndromes (80%), 6 of the 7 with basilar warning syndromes (85.7%), and 4 of the 5 with fluctuating non-lacunar, non-basilar warning syndromes (80%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous rt-PA treatment may constitute an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for patients with neurovascular fluctuations. However, well-designed studies are needed to determine the role of intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis in cases of vascular warning syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España. Electronic address: ayozegonzalez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González Hernández
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fabre Pi
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabrera Naranjo
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: López Veloso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: Acute stroke; Basilar warning syndrome; Capsular warning syndrome; Ictus agudo; Ictus isquémico; Ischemic stroke; Síndrome de alarma basilar; Síndrome de alarma capsular; Síndrome de alarma vascular; Thrombolysis; Tratamiento; Treatment; Trombólisis; Vascular warning syndrome