title: N-acetylgalactosamine exposure of serum IgA1 was associated with glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis of IgA nephropathy patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis with various histological and clinical phenotypes. N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) exposure plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether GalNAc exposure of serum IgA1 was associated with clinical and pathological manifestation of IgAN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from 199 patients with biopsy proved IgAN were collected. Clinical and pathological manifestations were collected. Biotinylated Helix aspersa were used in ELISA to examine GalNAc exposure on IgA1 molecules. Patients were divided into two groups according to the GalNAc exposure rate less or more than 0.4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, gender, and serum creatinine were comparable between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed that significantly higher urinary protein excretion rate but less severe glomerular sclerosis and tubularinterstitial fibrosis were observed in the lower GalNAc exposure group. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that adjusted by age and gender, the GalNAc exposure rate more than 0.4 was a risk factor of glomerular sclerosis and tubularinterstitial fibrosis, OR*(95% CI) were 2.76 (1.19-6.37) and 2.49 (1.18-5.25), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients with lower proteinuria had higher GalNAc exposure rates. The GalNAc exposure rate more than 0.4 was a risk factor of severe chronic renal tissue change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shuangxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ruizhao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhilian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xinling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000116:Acetylgalactosamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012598:Sclerosis
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D000116:Acetylgalactosamine
keywords: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy; N-acetylgalactosamine; proteinuria; renal pathology