title: Adenosine receptor inhibition attenuates the decrease in cutaneous vascular conductance during whole-body cooling from hyperthermia.
abstract: Adenosine has both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive properties, yet its influence on cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) during whole-body cooling remains unknown. The present study evaluated the influence of adenosine on reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction. Four microdialysis probes were inserted into the dorsal forearm skin of eight subjects and infused with the following solutions: (i) lactated Ringer solution (CON); (ii) 4 mm theophylline (Theo), a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist; (iii) 10 mm l-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; and (iv) combined 4 mm theophylline and 10 mm l-NAME (Theo + l-NAME). Subjects subsequently donned a water-perfusion garment. Following a thermoneutral baseline period, the suit was perfused with water at 10°C for 20 min (Cooling 1). The suit was then perfused with water at 49°C for 45 min (Heating), followed by a second cooling period of 20 min using 10°C water (Cooling 2). Cutaneous blood flow (laser-Doppler) was measured over each microdialysis probe and used to calculate CVC as a percentage of the maximum determined by sodium nitroprusside infusion and local heating. Cutaneous vascular conductance was significantly elevated at the Theo site relative to CON following Cooling 1 (18 ± 6 versus 8 ± 2%; P = 0.01) and Cooling 2 (27 ± 11 versus 14 ± 5%; P = 0.022). Likewise, CVC at the Theo + l-NAME site remained greater compared with l-NAME after Cooling 1 (13 ± 4 versus 7 ± 3%; P = 0.030) and Cooling 2 (15 ± 3 versus 9 ± 2%; P = 0.009). The present findings demonstrate that non-selective antagonism of adenosine receptors attenuates the decrease in cutaneous vascular conductance during whole-body cooling from hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: G. P. Kenny: University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, 125 University Private, Room 367, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5. gkenny@uottawa.ca.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: Craig G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D009599:Nitroprusside; D013806:Theophylline; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000241:Adenosine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester