title: The effects of strength, aerobic, and concurrent exercise on skeletal muscle damage in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we examined oxidative stress and skeletal muscle damage resulting from acute strength, aerobic, or concurrent exercise in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into control (C), strength (SE), aerobic (AE), and combined (CE) exercise groups. They were euthanized at 3 different time-points (6, 24, and 48 h) after acute exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SE exercise rats had increased dichlorofluorescein oxidation at 6 h post-exercise and decreased superoxide dismutase activity at all time-points. Glutathione peroxidase activity and sulfhydryl levels were increased in the AE group at 48 h post-exercise. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased in the SE and CE groups at 24 h and in the AE group at 48 h. Echo intensity was elevated at 24 h for all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty-eight hours was sufficient for complete recovery from oxidative stress and muscle damage in the SE and CE groups, but not in the AE group.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, St. Felizardo, 750, LAPEX Building, Porto Alegre, RS, 90690-200, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rech
authors.forename: Regis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Adriano M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Assis
authors.forename: João R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longoni
authors.forename: Magdolna M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vozari-Hampe
authors.forename: Ronei S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matté
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055070:Resistance Training; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C037631:2',7'-dichlorofluorescein; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: concurrent exercise; exercise recovery; gastrocnemius; muscle damage; oxidative stress