title: Revealing bismuth oxide hollow nanoparticle formation by the Kirkendall effect.
abstract: We study the formation of bismuth oxide hollow nanoparticles by the Kirkendall effect using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rich dynamics of bismuth diffusion through the bismuth oxide shell have been captured in situ. The diffusion coefficient of bismuth through bismuth oxide shell is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk. Observation reveals that defects, temperature, sizes of the particles, and so forth can affect the diffusion of reactive species and modify the kinetics of the hollowing process.
authors.affiliation: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Kai-Yang
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Jungwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Haimei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: A Paul
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alivisatos
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D007700:Kinetics; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D057145:Nanoshells / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C033301:bismuth oxide; D001729:Bismuth