title: Frequency and risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization in type II diabetic patients: a study among Egyptian patients.
abstract: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients. Diabetes mellitus remains a consistent independent predictor of contrast nephropathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine frequency and predictors of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization in type II diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 200 type II diabetic patients who underwent cardiac catheterization; serial measurement of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance (Before contrast exposure and 48 h), creatinine clearance was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault formula. Contrast-induced nephropathy was defined as rise in serum creatinine 48 h after contrast exposure of ≥0.5 mg/dL or increased >25% compared to base line creatinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  incidence of CIN in type II diabetic patients was 21.5%; incidence of CIN in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria was 17%, while incidence of CIN in patients with macroalbuminuria levels was 26%. There was a statistically significant difference between the patients who suffered from CIN post-procedure and patients who did not suffer from CIN regarding the ejection fraction and age with low ejection fraction and older patients in CIN group. Multiple logistic regression analysis for CIN predictors showed that pre-contrast serum creatinine to be the strongest predictor for being at risk of contrast-related, followed by age, and lastly albumin/creatinine ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that diabetic patients, despite having a normal baseline creatinine are at an increased risk of developing CIN post-coronary angiography, patients at risk of CIN are older patients with high pre-contrast serum creatinine and high urine albumin/creatinine ratio.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases, University of Ain-Shams , Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Dawlat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sany
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Refaat
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Elshahawy
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohab
authors.forename: Haitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ezzat
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003404:Creatinine