title: Using poison center exposure calls to predict prescription opioid abuse and misuse-related emergency department visits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prescription drug abuse is a critical problem in the USA and has been linked to more deaths than automobile accidents. Despite this growing epidemic, the USA lacks a timely early warning system. Poison centers (PCs) have the potential to act as sentinel reporting entities for prescription drug abuse and misuse due to near-real-time data reporting and abundant coverage in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS®) System PC program were compared with data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) from 2004 through 2010. Population rates of PC call mentions regarding abuse and misuse of prescription opioids were compared with population rates of emergency department visit mentions of the same using linear regression. Products included in the analysis were the following: buprenorphine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, and oxycodone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strength of association between RADARS System PC data and DAWN emergency department visits regarding all opioids in aggregate was strong (R² = 0.81, p < 0.001). The correlations between the two programs at the drug class level also were strong for buprenorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, and oxycodone (all R² > 0.70, all p < 0.01), significant for fentanyl (p = 0.05), and moderate for morphine (p = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data on prescription opioid drug abuse from the RADARS System PC program correlates well with emergency room data from DAWN. Due to timeliness of data, geographic coverage and strong associations with other warning systems, PC data can be used for sentinel reporting on prescription drug abuse and misuse in the USA.
authors.affiliation: Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Stevan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Severtson
authors.forename: Becki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bucher-Bartelson
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000639:trends*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000639:trends*; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D055553:Prescription Drugs
keywords: emergency department visits; pharmacoepidemiology; poison center calls; prescription drug abuse