title: Hippocampal amnesia disrupts creative thinking.
abstract: Creativity requires the rapid combination and recombination of existing mental representations to create novel ideas and ways of thinking. The hippocampal system, through its interaction with neocortical storage sites, provides a relational database necessary for the creation, updating, maintenance, and juxtaposition of mental representations used in service of declarative memory. Given this functionality, we hypothesized that hippocampus would play a critical role in creative thinking. We examined creative thinking, as measured by verbal and figural forms of the torrance tests of creative thinking (TTCT), in a group of participants with hippocampal damage and severe declarative memory impairment as well as in a group of demographically matched healthy comparison participants. The patients with bilateral hippocampal damage performed significantly worse than comparison participants on both the verbal and figural portions of the TTCT. These findings suggest that hippocampus plays a role critical in creative thinking, adding to a growing body of work pointing to the diverse ways the hallmark processing features of hippocampus serve a variety of behaviors that require flexible cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
authors.forename: Melissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: Jake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurczek
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Neal J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tranel
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D003405:Creativity; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014706:Verbal Learning
keywords: amnesia; creativity; hippocampus; relational binding; representational flexibility