title: Upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction: diverticula-globus pharyngeus.
abstract: The following discussion of upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction includes commentaries on the role of the cricopharyngeus muscle in reflux disease; the etiology and treatment of Zenker diverticulum; the use of videofluoroscopy in patients with dysphagia, suspicion of aspiration, or globus; the role of pH-impedance monitoring in globus evaluation; and treatment for reflux-associated globus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco,", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco,", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mozzanica
authors.affiliation: Spinal and Cranial Reflexes Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Mondino IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alfonsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ginocchio
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lenglinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Sebastian F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Schoppmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharitzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pokieser
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zelenik
mesh_terms: D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D016672:Zenker Diverticulum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: GERD; UES; Zenker diverticulum; cricopharyngeus; impedance-pH; videofluoroscopy