title: Second trimester fetal neurosonography: reconstructing cerebral midline anatomy and anomalies using a novel three-dimensional ultrasound technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the application of a novel 3D ultrasound reconstructing technique (OMNIVIEW) that may facilitate the evaluation of cerebral midline structures at the second trimester anatomy scan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal cerebral midline structures from 300 consecutive normal low-risk pregnant women were studied prospectively by 2D and 3D ultrasound between 19-23 weeks of gestation. All the newborn infants underwent pediatric follow-up and were considered normal up to 2 years of life. In addition, five confirmed pathologic cases were evaluated and the abnormal features using this technique are described in this clinical series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Off-line volume data sets displaying the corpus callosum and the cerebellar vermis anatomy were accurately reconstructed in 98.5% and 96% of cases from sagittal and axial planes, respectively. For pathological cases, an agreement rate of 0.96 and 0.91 for midsagittal and axial planes, respectively, was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the feasibility of including 3D ultrasound as an adjunct technique for the evaluation of cerebral midline structures in the second trimester fetus. Future prospective studies will be necessary to evaluate if the application of this novel 3D reconstructing technique as a step forward following 2D second trimester screening scan will improve the prenatal detection of cerebral midline anomalies in the low-risk pregnant population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Service, Guastalla Civil Hospital, ASL Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tonni
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grisolia
authors.forename: Waldo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sepulveda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*