title: Molecular characterization of Lys49 and Asp49 phospholipases A₂from snake venom and their antiviral activities against Dengue virus.
abstract: We report the detailed molecular characterization of two PLA₂s, Lys49 and Asp49 isolated from Bothrops leucurus venom, and examined their effects against Dengue virus (DENV). The Bl-PLA₂s, named BlK-PLA₂ and BlD-PLA₂, are composed of 121 and 122 amino acids determined by automated sequencing of the native proteins and peptides produced by digestion with trypsin. They contain fourteen cysteines with pIs of 9.05 and 8.18 for BlK- and BlD-PLA₂s, and show a high degree of sequence similarity to homologous snake venom PLA₂s, but may display different biological effects. Molecular masses of 13,689.220 (Lys49) and 13,978.386 (Asp49) were determined by mass spectrometry. DENV causes a prevalent arboviral disease in humans, and no clinically approved antiviral therapy is currently available to treat DENV infections. The maximum non-toxic concentration of the proteins to LLC-MK2 cells determined by MTT assay was 40 µg/mL for Bl-PLA₂s (pool) and 20 µg/mL for each isoform. Antiviral effects of Bl-PLA₂s were assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Bl-PLA₂s were able to reduce DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 serotypes in LLC-MK2 cells infection. Our data provide further insight into the structural properties and their antiviral activity against DENV, opening up possibilities for biotechnological applications of these Bl-PLA₂s as tools of research.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biotechnology and Health, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil. eladio.flores@funed.mg.gov.br.
authors.forename: Alzira B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cecilio
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.forename: Raiana A De
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Arthur S B
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Gustavo B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: Francisco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Valeria G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Alvarenga
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Estevão-Costa
authors.forename: Andre L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fuly
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eble
authors.forename: Eladio F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017837:Bothrops; D002460:Cell Line; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D030162:Reptilian Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D030162:Reptilian Proteins; D012910:Snake Venoms; D054467:Phospholipases A2