title: Overall care cost comparison between robotic and laparoscopic surgery for endometrial and cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our medico-economic study was to compare robotic surgery cost with conventional laparoscopic cost in endometrial and cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study included laparoscopic and robot-assisted procedures (radical hysterectomies and lymphadenectomies) for endometrial or cervical cancer ever since first using the Da Vinci® in 2008 within a hospital setting. In the hospital perspective, direct costs were determined by examining the overall medical pathway for each type of intervention. Actual costs were calculated for 27 conventional laparoscopic procedures and for 30 robot-assisted procedures including initial cost of the robot and its maintenance. We estimated the complete medical "overall care" costs by adding the costs of consultations, surgery and post-operative hospital stay to the costs of any eventual emergency consultation and/or hospitalisation within the two months that followed surgery. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of variable modulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For endometrial cancer, surgical procedure cost for robotic-assisted surgery was €7402 compared to €2733 for conventional laparoscopic surgery. When considering overall medical care, the patient treatment average cost was €6666 for the laparoscopic group (with an average length of stay of 5.27 days) as compared to €10,816 for robotic group (with an average hospital stay of 4.60 days), p=0.39. For cervical cancer, average surgical cost with robotic-assisted surgery was €8501 compared to conventional laparoscopic surgery at €3239. For cervical cancer, overall care average cost was €7803 for the laparoscopic group (with an average length of stay of 5.83 days) as compared to €12,211 for the robotic group (with an average hospital stay of 4.70 days) p=0.07. Sensitivity analysis results confirmed the cost overrun with the use of robotic assisted surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional laparoscopy was less expensive in our institution than robotic-assisted surgery for the surgery of endometrial (1:2.7) and cervical (1:2.6) cancers. When considering overall medical care, the use of robotic-assisted surgery was found to be 1.6 times more expensive than conventional surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetric, Bretonneau Hospital, François-Rabelais University, Tours, France. Electronic address: helene.desille45@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Desille-Gbaguidi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paternotte-Villemagne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaborit
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Body
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000191:economics; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000191:economics*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Cost analysis; Laparoscopic hysterectomy; Robotic assistance; Robotic hysterectomy; Robotic versus laparoscopic