title: Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults.
abstract: Since the first successful application of the heart-lung machine in 1953 by John Gibbon [1], great efforts have been made to modify the bypass techniques and devices in order to allow prolonged extracorporeal circulation in the intensive care unit (ICU), commonly referred to as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO uses classic cardiopulmonary bypass technology to support circulation. It provides continuous, non-pulsatile cardiac output and extracorporeal oxygenation [2]. Veno-venous ECMO (VV ECMO) provides respiratory support, while veno-arterial ECMO (VA ECMO) provides cardio-respiratory support to patients with severe but potentially reversible cardiac or respiratory deterioration refractory to standard therapeutic modalities. ECMO is a temporary form of life support providing a prolonged biventricular circulatory and pulmonary support for patients experiencing both pulmonary and cardiac failure unresponsive to conventional therapy. Despite the advent of newer ventricular assist devices that are more suitable for long term support, ECMO is simple to establish, cost-effective to operate.
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lafç
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Baran
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Budak
authors.affiliation: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey. Electronic address: yener@comu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ali Ümit
authors.initials: AÜ
authors.lastname: Yener
authors.affiliation: Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer Faruk
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Cicek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003422:Critical Care / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Cardiopulmonary insufficiency; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Resuscitation; Ventricular assist devices