title: Development of the KnowPain-12 pain management knowledge survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a brief knowledge survey about chronic noncancer pain that could be used as a reliable and valid measure of a provider's pain management knowledge.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a cross-sectional study design. A group of pain experts used a systematic consensus approach to reduce the previously validated KnowPain-50 to 12 questions (2 items per original 6 domains). A purposive sampling of pain specialists and health professionals generated from public lists and pain societies was invited to complete the KnowPain-12 online survey. Between April 4 and September 16, 2012, 846 respondents completed the survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents included registered nurses (34%), physicians (23%), advanced practice registered nurses (14%), and other allied health professionals and students. Twenty-six percent of the total sample self-identified as "pain specialist." Pain specialists selected the most correct response to the knowledge assessment items more often than did those who did not identify as pain specialists, with the exception of 1 item. KnowPain-12 demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability (α=0.67). Total scores across all 12 items were significantly higher (P<0.0001) among pain specialists compared with respondents who did not self-identify as pain specialists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The psychometric properties of the KnowPain-12 support its potential as an instrument for measuring provider pain management knowledge. The ability to assess pain management knowledge with a brief measure will be useful for developing future research studies and specific pain management knowledge intervention approaches for health care providers.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ‡Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine †Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Debra B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Loeser
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tauben
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rue
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stogicza
authors.forename: Ardith
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doorenbos
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D059350:Chronic Pain; D032921:Consensus; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D059408:Pain Management; D010820:Physicians; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013038:Specialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires