title: Longitudinal trends in hedonic hunger after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Initial outcome studies have reported that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is safe and efficacious for adolescents with extreme obesity. Although rapid weight loss is seen initially, data also show that modest weight regain typically occurs as early as the second postoperative year. The contribution of various psychological factors, including hedonic hunger, to postoperative weight regain has not previously been studied in adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the variability in hedonic hunger and body mass index (BMI) over the initial 2-year period of weight loss and modest weight regain in adolescent RYGB recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 adolescents completed the Power of Food Scale before surgery and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Height and weight were measured at each time point, from which BMI was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonlinear trends were observed for time on both overall hedonic hunger and hedonic hunger specifically related to food available in the adolescent's environment. The BMI reduction during the first 18 months postoperatively was paralleled by reduction in hedonic hunger; increases in hedonic hunger also paralleled the modest BMI increase at 24 months. In growth analysis, significant power gains are available to models using 4 or more points of data. However, only large effect sizes that are>.85 were detectable with a sample of 16 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide preliminary evidence that hedonic hunger is in need of further study in adolescent patients receiving RYGB both preoperatively and postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cushing
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peugh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reiter-Purtill
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Inge
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Electronic address: meg.zeller@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Meg H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zeller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
keywords: 2-year weight trajectory; Hedonic hunger; Multilevel modeling