title: Oral submucous fibrosis: Comparing clinical grading with duration and frequency of habit among areca nut and its products chewers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of frequency, duration and type of areca nut products on the incidence and severity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with the limited mouth opening and associated blanched oral mucosa with palpable fibrous bands were included in this study. Biopsies were done and the informed consent was taken from each patient included in this study. The tissues were taken from the affected areas and then studied histopathologically. The data was analysed statistically using X(2)-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this present prospective study done in 197 subjects (189 males and 8 females) who were screened and diagnosed clinically having OSMF with age ranging from 22 to 61 years with mean 38.8 years. Gutkha-chewing habit alone was identified in 58 subjects and those associated with gutkha and tobacco were 33 with mean age of 28.2 years and 32.3 years, respectively. The number of people getting affected with OSMF is more associated with gutkha and areca nut with the P-value of the analysis ranging from 0.05 to 0.01.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of OSMF is related to areca nut and its products. The duration and frequency of its use and type of areca nut product has effect on the incidence and severity of OSMF. Gutkha and pan masala have more deleterious and faster effects on oral mucosa. The gutkha-chewing habit along with the other habits does not have any significant effect on the rate of occurrence and incidence and severity of the OSMF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SMBT Dental College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Fareedi Mukram
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Vinit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aher
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Prasant
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mudhol
authors.forename: Harshal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suryavanshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult