title: Validation of the bladder control self-assessment questionnaire (B-SAQ) in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (B-SAQ), a short screener to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and overactive bladder (OAB) in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, single-centre study including 211 patients in a urology outpatient setting. All patients completed the B-SAQ and Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) before consultation, and the consulting urologist made an independent assessment of LUTS and the need for treatment. The psychometric properties of the B-SAQ were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 98% of respondents completed all items correctly in <5 min. The mean B-SAQ scores were 12 and 3.3, respectively for cases (n = 101) and controls (n = 108) (P < 0.001). Good correlation was evident between the B-SAQ and the KHQ. The agreement percentages between the individual B-SAQ items and the KHQ symptom severity scale were 86, 85, 84 and 79% for frequency, urgency, nocturia and urinary incontinence, respectively. Using a B-SAQ symptom score threshold of ≥4 alone had sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for detecting LUTS of 75, 86 and 84%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.88; however, in combination with a bother score threshold of ≥1 these values changed to 92, 46 and 86%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The B-SAQ is an easy and quick valid case-finding tool for LUTS/OAB in men, but appears to be less specific in men than in women. The B-SAQ has the potential to raise awareness of LUTS. Further validation in a community setting is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guy's Hospital, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahai
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dowson
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Muhammed Shamim
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Prokar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cardozo
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Ridder
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagg
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelleher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: B-SAQ; King's Health Questionnaire; bladder control self-assessment questionnaire; lower urinary tract symptoms; overactive bladder