title: Lipopolysaccharide and soluble CD14 in cord blood plasma are associated with prematurity and chorioamnionitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria, causes preterm birth in animals and has been implicated as a factor triggering preterm labor and systemic complications in humans. Little is known regarding LPS in the cord blood (CB) of term and preterm infants and its association with maternal and fetal characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  CB was obtained from term (n = 15) and preterm infants (n = 76) after delivery. Plasma levels of LPS, C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured using commercially available kits (limulus amebocyte lysate and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Four linear regression models were created in order to identify independent variables that predict plasma LPS levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analyte levels were significantly higher in preterm vs. term infant CB: LPS (24.48 vs. 1 pg/ml; P = 0.0009), CRP (87.9 vs. 47 ng/ml; P = 0.01), and sCD14 (0.32 vs.0.35 µg/ml; P = 0.013). There was a (significant) positive correlation between CB LPS levels and gestational age, birth weight, CRP levels, sCD14 levels, and association with both clinical and histological chorioamnionitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that LPS is associated with preterm labor and inflammation (CRP elevation and chorioamnionitis). These findings may be relevant to the understanding of the role of LPS in prematurity and its role in preterm morbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Denise G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Funderburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerissi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Reema
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rifaie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aviles-Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Braulio J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Llorens-Bonilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sleasman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Angel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Luciano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein