title: Preoperative urine-specific gravity and the incidence of complications after hip fracture surgery: A prospective, observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mild to moderately severe dehydration is common in the elderly, but its relationship to surgical outcome is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence of dehydration prior to hip fracture surgery and its relationship to postoperative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operation department and orthopaedic ward at a regional hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients [median (interquartile range) age 78 (75 to 86) years] undergoing acute hip fracture surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A urine sample was taken on admission to the operating theatre. Complications were assessed 2 days postoperatively using a check-list.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dehydration was considered to be present if the urinary specific gravity was 1.020 or higher, indicating renal water conservation. The number and type of postoperative complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dehydration was present in one third of the patients. Sixty percent of these patients had at least one postoperative complication, whereas the corresponding proportion was 30% in the euhydrated patients (P < 0.01). Only one patient (3%) had more than one complication in the euhydrated group compared with six patients (40%) in the dehydrated group (P < 0.01). Euhydrated patients had a mean of 0.3 postoperative complications per surgery, whereas dehydrated patients scored 1.1 complications (P < 0.015). The higher incidence included confusion, arterial desaturation and cardiovascular events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dehydration before surgery nearly quadrupled the number of postoperative complications after hip fracture repair.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT 01294930.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anaesthesiology, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping (SIY, OE, KB, HK), and the Department of Anaesthesiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (JHZ, RGH).
authors.forename: Sandra I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ylinenvaara
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elisson
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Joachim H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zdolsek
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krook
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003221:Confusion / Q000209:etiology; D003681:Dehydration; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000652:urine*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013046:Specific Gravity
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen