title: Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of osteoporosis and fracture.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is commonly believed to increase the risk of bone mineral loss, leading to osteoporosis and an increased risk of disabling fractures. In this narrative review, we will presenting a summary of the published medical literature in regards to the relationship between IBD and the development of osteoporosis, bone mineral loss, and fractures. We will explore the epidemiology of metabolic bone disease in IBD, focusing on the prevalence and both the general and IBD-specific risk factors for the development of osteoporosis and of fracture in persons with IBD. We will also examine the role of the inflammatory process in IBD promoting excessive bone mineral loss, as well as the role that low body mass, corticosteroid use, diet, and nutrient malabsorption play in contributing to bone disease. Last, we will discuss our recommendation for: screening for osteoporosis in IBD patients, the use of preventative strategies, and therapeutic interventions for treating osteoporosis in persons with IBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address: laura.targownik@med.umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Targownik
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Leslie
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D015519:Bone Density; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013851:Thinness / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
keywords: Bone mineral density; Crohn's disease; Fracture; Inflammatory bowel disease; Osteoporosis; Ulcerative colitis