title: Decreased functional capacity and muscle strength in elderly women with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the metabolic parameters, flexibility, muscle strength, functional capacity, and lower limb muscle power of elderly women with and without the metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 28 older women divided into two groups: with the MetS (n = 14; 67.3 ± 5.5 years; 67.5 ± 16.7 kg; 1.45 ± 0.35 m; 28.0 ± 7.6 kg/m(2)), and without the MetS (n = 14; 68.7 ± 5.3 years; 58.2 ± 9.9 kg; 1.55 ± 0.10 m; 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m(2)). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dynamic muscle strength was assessed by one-maximum repetition (1RM) tests in leg press, bench press and biceps curl exercises. Six-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go (TUG); 30-second sitting-rising; arm curl using a 2-kg dumbbell, sit-and-reach (flexibility), and vertical jump tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between groups regarding age (P = 0.49), height (P = 0.46), body fat (%) (P = 0.19), systolic (P = 0.64), diastolic (P = 0.41) and mean blood pressure (P = 0.86), 30-second sitting-rising (P = 0.57), 30-s arm curl (P = 0.73), leg press 1RM (P = 0.51), bench press 1RM (P = 0.77), and biceps curl 1RM (P = 0.85). However, women without the MetS presented lower body mass (P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0001), waist circumference (P = 0.02), waist-to-height ratio (P = 0.02), fat body mass (kg) (P = 0.05), lean body mass (kg) (P = 0.02), blood glucose (P = 0.05), triglycerides (P = 0.03), Z-score for the MetS (P = 0.05), higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.002), better performance on TUG (P = 0.01), flexibility (P = 0.03), six-minute walk test (P = 0.04), vertical jump (P = 0.05) and relative muscle strength for leg press (P = 0.03), bench press (P = 0.04) and biceps curl (P = 0.002) exercises as compared to women with the MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly women with the MetS have higher metabolic risk profile and lower functional capacity, muscle strength, lower limb power and flexibility as compared to women without the MetS. The evaluation of functional capacity may help to determine the degree of physical decline in older persons with the MetS, while exercise interventions should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denis Cesar Leite
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Ramires Alsamir
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Tibana
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tajra
authors.forename: Dahan da Cunha
authors.initials: Dda C
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Darlan Lopes
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: de Farias
authors.forename: Alessandro de Oliveira
authors.initials: Ade O
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Tatiane Gomes
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Romulo Maia Carlos
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Ricardo Jacó
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Felipe Augusto dos Santos
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Wagner Rodrigues
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Silvana Schwerz
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Funghetto
authors.forename: Margo Gomes de Oliveira
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Karnikowski
authors.forename: James Wilfred
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Navalta
authors.forename: Jonato
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prestes
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: aging; functional capacity; metabolic syndrome; muscle performance