title: Structural elucidation of olive pomace fed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) polar lipids with cardioprotective activities.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to structurally characterise the polar lipids of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), fed with an experimental diet containing olive pomace (OP), that exhibit cardioprotective activities. OP has been added to conventional fish oil (FO) feed at 4% and this was the OP diet, having been supplemented as finishing diet to fish. Sea bass was aquacultured using either FO or OP diet. At the end of the dietary experiment, lipids in both samples of fish muscle were quantified and HPLC fractionated. The in vitro cardioprotective properties of the polar lipid fractions, using washed rabbit's platelets, have been assessed and the two most biologically active fractions were further analysed by mass spectrometry. The gas-chromatrograpy-mass spectrometric data shows that these two fractions contain low levels of myristic (14:0), oleic (18:1 cis ω-9) and linoleic acids (18:2 ω-6), but high levels of palmitic (16:0) and stearic acids (18:0) as well as eicosadienoic acid (20:2 ω-6). The first fraction (MS1) also contained significant levels of arachidonic acid (20:4 ω-6) and the omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (22:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). Electrospray-mass spectrometry elucidated that the lipid composition of the two fractions contained various diacyl-glycerophospholipids species, where the majority of them have either 18:0 or 18:1 fatty acids in the sn-1 position and either 22:6 or 20:2 fatty acids in the sn-2 position for MS1 and MS2, respectively. Our research focuses on the structure/function relationship of fish muscle polar lipids and cardiovascular diseases and structural data are given for polar lipid HPLC fractions with strong cardioprotective properties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece.
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nasopoulou
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Detopoulou
authors.forename: Constantina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsikrika
authors.forename: Leonidas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papaharisis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barkas
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zabetakis
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000191:economics; D001492:Bass / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D055951:Functional Food / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005989:Glycerides; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014020:Tissue Extracts
keywords: Cardioprotection; DHA; EPA; FAME; Fatty acid analysis; IC(50); Olive pomace; PA; PAF; PC; PE; PG; PI; PL; PS; Polar lipids; Sea bass; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; fatty acid methyl ester; inhibitory concentration at fifty percent; phosphatidic acid; phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylglycerol; phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylserine; phospholipid; platelet activating factor