title: Th9 Cells Drive Host Immunity against Gastrointestinal Worm Infection.
abstract: Type 2 inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, drive the characteristic features of immunity against parasitic worms and allergens. Whether IL-9 serves an essential role in the initiation of host-protective responses is controversial, and the importance of IL-9- versus IL-4-producing CD4⁺ effector T cells in type 2 immunity is incompletely defined. Herein, we generated IL-9-deficient and IL-9-fluorescent reporter mice that demonstrated an essential role for this cytokine in the early type 2 immunity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Whereas T helper 9 (Th9) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were major sources of infection-induced IL-9 production, the adoptive transfer of Th9 cells, but not Th2 cells, caused rapid worm expulsion, marked basophilia, and increased mast cell numbers in Rag2-deficient hosts. Taken together, our data show a critical and nonredundant role for Th9 cells and IL-9 in host-protective type 2 immunity against parasitic worm infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Licona-Limón
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henao-Mejia
authors.forename: Angela U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Temann
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gagliani
authors.forename: Ileana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Licona-Limón
authors.forename: Harumichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishigame
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: De'broski R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009559:Nippostrongylus / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016906:Interleukin-9; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; C464940:MGL2 protein, mouse; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4