title: Migration of odorous compounds from adhesives used in market samples of food packaging materials by chromatography olfactometry and mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS).
abstract: Adhesives are commonly used in the manufacture of multilayer food packaging materials. Although they are not in direct contact with the packed food, their compounds may migrate from the adhesive through the substrates to the food. The aim of this work is to determine the migrant concentration in order to evaluate the possible human risk and also to determine if this migration could affect the organoleptic properties of packed food. For this purpose, a total of 12 market samples of multilayer materials (laminates) for packaging dry food (tomatoes, cakes, cookies, breadcrumbs, flour or salt) or fresh food (pizza and pastry) produced with 5 different adhesives were analysed by GC-O-MS. A total of 25 different compounds from adhesives were detected in these laminates. Seventy-six percentage of these compounds migrated into a dry food simulant (Tenax®). Furthermore, compounds with concentrations below the MS detection limit were detected by sniffers with a high modified frequency (MF%). Acetic acid, butyric acid and cyclohexanol with vinegar, cheese and camphor odours were the most abundant compounds. All migration data were below the specific migration limits (SML) and threshold toxicological concern (TTC) recommended values according to the Cramer classification.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, CPS, University of Zaragoza, Mª de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: pvera@unizar.es.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canellas
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nerín
mesh_terms: D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D064367:Olfactometry / Q000379:methods*; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects
keywords: Adhesives; Food packaging; GC–O–MS; Laminates; Migration; Odour compounds