title: E-mental health self-management for psychotic disorders: state of the art and future perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review was to investigate to what extent information technology may support self-management among service users with psychotic disorders. The investigation aimed to answer the following questions: What types of e-mental health self-management interventions have been developed and evaluated? What is the current evidence on clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of the identified interventions? To what extent are e-mental health self-management interventions oriented toward the service user?
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of references through July 2012 derived from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, and the Library, Information Science and Technology database was performed. Studies of e-mental health self-management interventions for persons with psychotic disorders were selected independently by three reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. E-mental health self-management interventions included psychoeducation, medication management, communication and shared decision making, management of daily functioning, lifestyle management, peer support, and real-time self-monitoring by daily measurements (experience sampling monitoring). Summary effect sizes were large for medication management (.92) and small for psychoeducation (.37) and communication and shared decision making (.21). For all other studies, individual effect sizes were calculated. The only economic analysis conducted reported more short-term costs for the e-mental health intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People with psychotic disorders were able and willing to use e-mental health services. Results suggest that e-mental health services are at least as effective as usual care or nontechnological approaches. Larger effects were found for medication management e-mental health services. No studies reported a negative effect. Results must be interpreted cautiously, because they are based on a small number of studies.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van der Krieke
authors.forename: Lex
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wunderink
authors.forename: Ando C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Emerencia
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.forename: Sjoerd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sytema
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D012648:Self Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends