title: Maternal reporting of prenatal ultrasounds among women in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased availability and usage of ultrasound screening have led to improved identification of fetal structural abnormalities prenatally. Few population-based studies have been published on prenatal detection for structural birth defects in the United States. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of maternal reporting of abnormal prenatal ultrasounds for selected birth defects and to investigate associated maternal characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 4013 mothers enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study who carried a fetus with at least one of 14 structural birth defects between 1997 and 2004. Frequencies of abnormal prenatal ultrasounds were based on maternal report and computed for isolated and multiple defects. Associations between maternal characteristics and abnormal prenatal ultrasounds were assessed using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 46% of participants reported an abnormal ultrasound. Infants with omphalocele, anencephaly, gastroschisis, and renal agenesis were more likely to have abnormal prenatal ultrasounds than those with cleft and limb abnormalities. Hispanic women were less likely to report abnormal prenatal ultrasounds of birth defects than Caucasians, as were women who had a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2) compared with those with a normal body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the 14 selected birth defects in this study, less than half were reported by mothers of affected infants to have had an abnormal ultrasound during pregnancy. The frequency of reporting abnormal prenatal ultrasounds varies by type of defect, maternal race/ethnicity, and maternal body mass index status.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Ashley E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Weedn
authors.forename: Bridget S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mosley
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cleves
authors.forename: D Kim
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hobbs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000757:Anencephaly / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D030881:Disclosure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
keywords: National Birth Defects Prevention Study; birth defects, maternal report; prenatal diagnosis; prenatal ultrasound