title: Effect of photoactivated disinfection on bond strength of root canal filling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of photoactivated disinfection (PAD) on the bond strength of root canal sealers to human root canal dentin using the push-out test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single and straight roots were used. After the clinical crowns were removed from the cementoenamel junction, root canals were prepared with the ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary system to the size of the F3 file. The smear layer of the roots was removed using 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and distillate water. The roots were then randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 5) according to the final irrigation regimen. In group 1, PAD (FotoSan; CMS Dental, Copenhagen, Denmark) was applied to the root canals and light cured for 20 seconds. Group 2 was finally irrigated with a 2% solution of chlorhexidine gluconate, and group 3 served as the control group (NaOCl + EDTA). All the canals were then obturated with the lateral condensation technique using gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Maillefer) sealer. One-millimeter-thick horizontal sections from the coronal and midthirds of each root (n: 5 × 4 = 20) were sliced for the push-out bond strength measurement. The data were converted to megapascals and statistically analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference among the bond strength of PAD, chlorhexidine gluconate, and NaOCl (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that PAD does not adversely affect the bond strength of the AH Plus sealer to root canal dentin and that it can be used for the final disinfection of root canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ertas
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saygili
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gok
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation; D016369:Smear Layer / Q000473:pathology; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014048:Tolonium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Bond strength; photoactivated disinfection; push-out test