title: A simple algorithm for subregional striatal uptake analysis with partial volume correction in dopaminergic PET imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In positron emission tomography (PET) of the dopaminergic system, quantitative measurements of nigrostriatal dopamine function are useful for differential diagnosis. A subregional analysis of striatal uptake enables the diagnostic performance to be more powerful. However, the partial volume effect (PVE) induces an underestimation of the true radioactivity concentration in small structures. This work proposes a simple algorithm for subregional analysis of striatal uptake with partial volume correction (PVC) in dopaminergic PET imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PVC algorithm analyzes the separate striatal subregions and takes into account the PVE based on the recovery coefficient (RC). The RC is defined as the ratio of the PVE-uncorrected to PVE-corrected radioactivity concentration, and is derived from a combination of the traditional volume of interest (VOI) analysis and the large VOI technique. The clinical studies, comprising 11 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 6 healthy subjects, were used to assess the impact of PVC on the quantitative measurements. Simulations on a numerical phantom that mimicked realistic healthy and neurodegenerative situations were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed PVC algorithm. In both the clinical and the simulation studies, the striatal-to-occipital ratio (SOR) values for the entire striatum and its subregions were calculated with and without PVC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the clinical studies, the SOR values in each structure (caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen, putamen, and striatum) were significantly higher by using PVC in contrast to those without. Among the PD patients, the SOR values in each structure and quantitative disease severity ratings were shown to be significantly related only when PVC was used. For the simulation studies, the average absolute percentage error of the SOR estimates before and after PVC were 22.74% and 1.54% in the healthy situation, respectively; those in the neurodegenerative situation were 20.69% and 2.51%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We successfully implemented a simple algorithm for subregional analysis of striatal uptake with PVC in dopaminergic PET imaging. The PVC algorithm provides an accurate measure of the SOR in the entire striatum and its subregions, and improves the correlation between the SOR values and the clinical disease severity of PD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kun-Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lue
authors.forename: Hsin-Hon
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chih-Hao K
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Hung-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Shu-Hsin
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Keh-Shih
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001692:Biological Transport; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine