title: Race and the insulin resistance syndrome.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The metabolic syndrome affects 25% of the adult US population based on the Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults from the National Cholesterol Education Program. Knowledge on the impact of obesity on metabolic health parameters has increased greatly over the past decade. This review discusses the limitations of the National Cholesterol Education Program metabolic syndrome definition and the racial disparities in the clinical presentation of the insulin resistance syndrome. We also examine the current literature with particular emphasis on albuminuria, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and intramyocellular lipid content. This review explores potential environmental and genetic reasons for differences in the manifestation of insulin resistance across racial/ethnic groups and highlights several promising areas for further study.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Public Health Sciences and Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL. Electronic address: hkramer@lumc.edu.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.forename: Sylvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rosas
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000235:genetics; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: C108666:APOL1 protein, human; D000075944:Apolipoprotein L1; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL
keywords: African Americans; Metabolic syndrome; diabetes; racial differences