title: Increasing access to farmers markets for beneficiaries of nutrition assistance: evaluation of the farmers market access project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased acceptance of nutrition benefits at farmers markets could improve access to nutritious foods for low-income shoppers. The objective of this study was to evaluate a pilot project to increase participation by farmers markets and their vendors in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention targeted 9 markets in lower-income regions of King County, Washington. Markets and vendors were offered subsidized electronic benefits transfer (EBT) terminals for processing SNAP, and vendors could apply to accept WIC cash value vouchers. WIC staff received information on using SNAP and vouchers at farmers markets. We used mixed methods post-implementation to measure participation, describe factors in acceptance of benefits, and assess information needs for WIC staff to conduct effective outreach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of approximately 88 WIC-eligible vendors, 38 agreed to accept vouchers. Ten of 125 vendors installed an EBT terminal, and 6 markets installed a central market terminal. The number of market stalls accepting SNAP increased from 80 to 143, an increase of 79%. Participating vendors wanted to provide access to SNAP and WIC shoppers, although redemption rates were low. Some WIC staff members were unfamiliar with markets, which hindered outreach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vendors and markets value low-income shoppers and, when offered support, will take on some inconvenience to serve them. To improve participation and sustainability, we recommend ongoing subsidies and streamlined procedures better suited to meet markets' capabilities. Low EBT redemption rates at farmers markets suggest a need for more outreach to low-income shoppers and relationship building with WIC staff.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNees
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D003132:Commerce; D001330:Electronic Data Processing / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D063105:Food Assistance / Q000191:economics*; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014481:United States; D016885:United States Department of Agriculture; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation