title: Mutational analysis of theGNA11,MMP27,FGD1,TRRAPandGRM3genes in thyroid cancer.
abstract: Frequent somatic mutations in theGNA11, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)27,FGD1, TRRAPandGRM3genes have been reported in various types of human cancer, but whether these genes are mutated in thyroid cancer is not known. In the present study, a mutational analysis of these genes was performed in thyroid cancer cell lines and thyroid cancer samples. NoGNA11mutations were identified in the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) samples. Additionally, no mutations were identified in theMMP27gene, although three synonymous [C351T (N117N), C1089T (S363S) and G1227A (G409G)] single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed infrequently in ATC. No mutations were detected in theFGD1gene, but two infrequent synonymous [T2091C (T697T) and A2136G (P712P)] SNPs were observed in PTC. Furthermore, no mutations were identified inTRRAPandGRM3, although a frequent synonymous SNP [G1323A (T441T)] and infrequent non-synonymous SNP [G1424A (G475D)] ofGRM3were observed in PTC. No mutation of these genes was observed in 12 cell lines derived from various types of thyroid cancer. The present study reports for the first time the mutational status of theGNA11, MMP27, FGD1, TRRAPandGRM3genes in thyroid cancer. No mutations were identified in these genes in the various types and cell lines of thyroid cancer. Therefore, unlike in other types of cancer, mutations in these genes are absent or uncommon in thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA.
authors.forename: Avaniyapuram Kannan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.forename: Chongfei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mingzhao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xing
keywords: FGD1; GNA11; GRM3; MMP27; TRRAP; mutation; thyroid cancer