title: Current and future G protein-coupled receptor signaling targets for heart failure therapy.
abstract: Although there have been significant advances in the therapy of heart failure in recent decades, such as the introduction of β-blockers and antagonists of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, this devastating disease still carries tremendous morbidity and mortality in the western world. G protein-coupled receptors, such as β-adrenergic and angiotensin II receptors, located in the membranes of all three major cardiac cell types, ie, myocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, play crucial roles in regulation of cardiac function in health and disease. Their importance is reflected by the fact that, collectively, they represent the direct targets of over one-third of the currently approved cardiovascular drugs used in clinical practice. Over the past few decades, advances in elucidation of the signaling pathways they elicit, specifically in the heart, have led to identification of an increasing number of new molecular targets for heart failure therapy. Here, we review these possible targets for heart failure therapy that have emerged from studies of cardiac G protein-coupled receptor signaling in health and disease, with a particular focus on the main cardiac G protein-coupled receptor types, ie, the β-adrenergic and the angiotensin II type 1 receptors. We also highlight key issues that need to be addressed to improve the chances of success of novel therapies directed against these targets.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siryk-Bathgate
authors.forename: Samalia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dabul
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lymperopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: G protein-coupled receptor; cardiac; heart failure; signaling; therapeutic target