title: [Impact of the decrease of nitrous oxide use on the consumption of halogenated agents].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nitrous oxide (N2O) toxicity and its impact on pollution lead to restrict its use. A decrease of N2O consumption should increase the hypnotic inhaled consumption. This monocentric study estimated consumptions and costs of halogenated agents (HA) and N2O over 5 years when the N2O consumption was reduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective from a computerized database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2006 and 2010, 34,097 procedures were studied after two meetings exposing the risks of the N2O.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the end of anesthesia, consumptions of hypnotic agents (millilitres transmitted by the injectors and the blender) were archived in the database. The annual consumption of agents was obtained by adding the individual consumptions, then divided by the annual number of cases. The costs were given by the hospital pharmacy from invoices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  N2O consumption per anesthesia constantly decreased during the study, from 75.1L by act to 22.7L. The sum of the annual consumptions of N2O and air did not change suggesting that total fresh gas flow remained stable. Between 2006 and 2010, the sevoflurane consumption by act increased by 25%, from 16.5 to 20.6mL, and desflurane consumption by 37%, from 46.1 to 63.1mL by patient. The costs of the administration of hypnotic agents remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N2O consumption decrease had an impact on the consumption of HA. The cost reduction of the N2O was counterbalanced by the increase of halogenated vapor cost. The profit of the ecological impact of the reduction in N2O use could be quantified.
authors.affiliation: Service d'anesthésie et département de pharmacie clinique, institut Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif cedex, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laverdure
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaudin
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bourgain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016208:Databases, Factual; D000077335:Desflurane; D016527:Drug Costs; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D057232:Global Warming; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide
keywords: Agents halogénés; Anesthesia cost; Coûts anesthésie; Halogenated agents; Nitrous oxide; Pollution; Protoxyde d’azote