title: Intensification of sonochemical degradation of ammonium perfluorooctanoate by persulfate oxidant.
abstract: Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) is an emerging environmental pollutant attracting significant attention due to its global distribution, high persistence, and bioaccumulation properties. The decomposition of APFO in aqueous solution with a combination of persulfate oxidant and ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. The effects of operating parameters, such as ultrasonic power, persulfate concentration, APFO concentration, and initial media pH on APFO degradation were discussed. In the absence of persulfate, 35.5% of initial APFO in 46.4 μmol/L solution under ultrasound irradiation, was decomposed rapidly after 120 min with the defluorination ratio reaching 6.73%. In contrast, when 10 mmol/L persulfate was used, 51.2% of initial APFO (46.4 μmol/L) was decomposed and the defluorination ratio reached 11.15% within 120 min reaction time. Enhancement of the decomposition of APFO can be explained by acceleration of substrate decarboxylation, induced by sulfate radical anions formed from the persulfate during ultrasonic irradiation. The SO4(-•)/APFO reactions at the bubble-water interface appear to be the primary pathway for the sonochemical degradation of the perfluorinated surfactants.
authors.affiliation: School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Weilin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Anqi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Helian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002210:Caprylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D016877:Oxidants; D013431:Sulfates; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid
keywords: Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO); Degradation mechanism; Perfluorochemicals (PFCs); Persulfate; Ultrasound