title: Comparison of extracts from cooked and raw lentil in antagonizing angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to examine effects of extracts from cooked lentils on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in normotensive rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were divided into four groups (n=5 each group): control group, Ang II group, Ang II plus cooked lentil extract (Ang II+CLE) group, and Ang II plus raw lentil extract (Ang II+RLE) group. The telemetry blood pressure transducers were implanted into all rats. A telemetry BP probe was positioned intra-abdominally and secured to the ventral abdominal muscle with the catheter inserted into the lower abdominal aorta. Heart wall thickness, cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes, diameter of the arterial cross-sections, and perivascular fibrosis in heart and kidney were measured. The surface area of positive-staining cardiomyocytes was analyzed using image analysis software. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using an oxidant-sensitive fluorogenic probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats that received cooked or raw lentil extracts (oral administration, 8 weeks) show significantly attenuated Ang II-induced elevation in blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis. Results demonstrated that pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with cooked or raw lentil extract significantly attenuated the Ang II-induced increase in the size of cells (16.0±1.7% and 21.2±2.9%, respectively, n=5, p < 0.05), and cooked or raw lentil extracts also attenuated the Ang II-induced increase in the reactive oxygen species levels in cardiomyocytes (19.8±2.2% & 26.6±3.1%, respectively, n=5, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that extracts from cooked lentils could prevent Ang II-induced elevation in blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, small arterial remodeling and perivascular fibrosis, and heating process does not have any significant affect on these protective effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. kxliu64@hotmail.com  
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: F-R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: L-R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S K C
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: K-X
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C-W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D027806:Lens Plant; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D000804:Angiotensin II