title: Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) leaf extracts protect against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and cognitive impairment.
abstract: The ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction of blueberry leaf extract was investigated to examine the in vivo antiamnesic effects against amyloid β protein (Aβ)-induced learning and memory deficit. The fraction showed the highest antioxidant activities, and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species was significantly decreased. Cell viability assays revealed the in vitro cytoprotective effects of the fraction, and the cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium was dose-dependently inhibited. In addition, a chlorogenic acid was identified as a predominant phenolic compound by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Antiamnesic effects were evaluated by using in vivo the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests, and preadministration of the fraction attenuated Aβ-induced memory impairment in both in vivo experiments. Acetylcholinesterase prepared from mice brain was inhibited by the fraction, and malondialdehyde generation in the brain homogenate was also decreased. These findings suggest that the EtOAc fraction of blueberry leaf extract could possess a wide range of physiological effects against neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Analytical Research, Pacificpharma Corporation , Anseong, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Rok
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Yu Na
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Ji Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hyeon Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Man-Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase