title: Efficacy of lidocaine lontophoresis using either alternating or direct current in hairless rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine transport of lidocaine ions through a hairless rat skin in vivo and to compare the efficacy of alternating current (AC) with that of direct current (DC) iontophoresis (IOP). We measured the concentration of lidocaine transported through a cellophane membrane or a hairless rat dorsal skin applying either AC-IOP or DC-IOP. The results revealed that lidocaine concentration increased in a time-dependent manner in vitro in both DC-IOP and AC-IOP. However, the in vivo study showed different tendencies in lidocaine concentration. In the DCIOP group, lidocaine concentration reached its maximum 20 min after current application and then decreased rapidly; the AC-IOP group showed an increase in lidocaine concentration in a time-dependent manner. There were no side effects such as electrical burns in the rats. In conclusion, AC can be applied for long periods and DC for short periods, or their application time can be appropriately scheduled. Our study also suggests the mechanism by which voltage waveforms affect the skin when applied by IOP. In the future, these findings will be a solid foundation for developing various kinds of medical equipment such as scheduled drug delivery system that can easily deliver various types of drug.
authors.affiliation: Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakita
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haida
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukayama
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002476:Cellophane / Q000737:chemistry; D004560:Electricity; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D054772:Rats, Hairless; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D002476:Cellophane; D008012:Lidocaine