title: Circulating IL-35 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.
abstract: IL-35 is a novel inhibitory cytokine that is mainly produced by regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and is required for Treg-mediated immunosuppression. However, the plasma levels of IL-35 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have never been investigated. In this study, we found that plasma IL-35 levels more significantly increased in PDAC patients than in normal controls (134.53 ± 92.45 pg/mL vs. 14.26 ± 6.56 pg/mL). IL-35 mRNA levels were positively correlated with plasma IL-35 levels (EBI3, R = 0.925, p<0.01; p35, R = 0.916, p<0.01). Furthermore, IL-35 expression levels were associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001) and late tumor stage (p = 0.002). For the resected patients, high IL-35 expression levels were associated with large tumor size (p<0.01), higher TNM classification T staging (p<0.05), and late tumor stage (p<0.05). In conclusion, circulating IL-35 in PDAC patients significantly increased, suggesting that regulating the expression of IL-35 may provide a new possible target for the treatment of PDAC patients, especially for the resectable ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China. Electronic address: jihuihao@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Jihui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C097732:EBI3 protein, human; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D007378:Interleukins; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C532417:interleukin-35, human
keywords: EBI3; Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene 3; PBMCs; PDAC; Tregs; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; regulatory T-cells