title: nrDNA ITS sequence based SCAR marker to authenticate Aconitum heterophyllum and Cyperus rotundus in Ayurvedic raw drug source and prepared herbal products.
abstract: To authenticate Ayurvedic medicinal plants Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum) and Musta (Cyperus rotundus) at the raw drug source and in prepared herbal products, nrDNA ITS sequence based SCAR markers were designed and validated spp.-specific SCAR primers gave amplicon of 415 bp and 134 bp, respectively, in authentic species. The SCAR primers (Cyr-FP and Cyr-RP) could identify tissue sample containing 750 μg to 4.76 mg/100mg of Musta in complex mixtures of DNA extracted from commercial herbal drugs. Ativisha could not be identified through SCAR markers suggesting that authentic species may not been used to prepare herbal drugs despite its being labelled as one of the ingredients in formulations. Analysis of individual tubers of Ativisha and Musta assures the presence of admixtures in raw drug trade of Ativisha, indicates the need to monitor the basic raw material supply and concludes, supplying plant materials through cultivation to manufacturing industries can minimize the risks of adulteration.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, School of Trans-disciplinary Studies, Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (I-AIM), Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Attur Post, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore 560106, India.
authors.forename: Gopalakrishnan Saroja
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Seethapathy
authors.forename: Subramani Paranthaman
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Balasubramani
authors.forename: Padma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venkatasubramanian
mesh_terms: D031841:Aconitum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D029786:Cyperus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods; D007194:India; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010598:Pharmacognosy / Q000379:methods; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D011786:Quality Control; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018744:DNA, Plant; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Ativisha–Musta; DNA traceability; Herbal medicine; Pharmacognosy; Quality control; Species admixture