title: A comparative study on the effects of type I and type II diabetes on learning and memory deficit and hippocampal neuronal loss in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In addition to learning and memory impairments, diabetes may also brings about neuronal loss in different regions of the brain specially hippocampus. In this line, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of type I (T1D) and type II (T2D) diabetes on cognitive function and hippocampal neuronal density in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of male Wistar rats (N.=6) were regarded as control, T1D and T2D. T1D was induced by 60 mg/kg body weight of STZ injection and T2D by 10% fructose treatment through drinking water. Two months after the induction of both types of diabetes, learning abilities and memory retention of animals were measured using Morris Water Maze and shuttle box. All animals were perfused afterwards and their brains processed for stereological examination of hippocampal neuronal density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In parallel to significant decrease in learning and memory scores, T1D showed a meaningful reduction in hippocampal neuronal density, when compared to control group. In T2D, the reductions of cognitive scores as well as hippocampal neuronal density were not significant, when compared to control and T1D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both types of diabetes led to neuronal loss and spatial learning and memory dysfunction, these abnormalities were more obvious in T1D, while they are probably age-related and duration-dependent in T2D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran - behnam@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rostami
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behnam-Rassouli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rooholamin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D056654:CA3 Region, Hippocampal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002452:Cell Count; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005632:Fructose / Q000633:toxicity; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013037:Spatial Behavior; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D005632:Fructose; D013311:Streptozocin