title: Altitude exposure in sports: the Athlete Biological Passport standpoint.
abstract: The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is principally founded on monitoring an athlete's biological variables over time, to identify abnormal biases on a longitudinal basis. Several factors are known to influence the results of these markers. However, the manner in which the altitude factor is taken into account still needs to be standardized. Causal relationships between haematological variables should be correctly integrated into ABP software. In particular, modifications of haematological parameters during and after exposure to different altitudes/hypoxic protocols need to be properly included within detection models.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Spain.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanchis-Gomar
authors.forename: Helios
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pareja-Galeano
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brioche
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinez-Bello
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lippi
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004300:Doping in Sports; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000166:cytology; D012984:Software; D013177:Sports; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: blood doping; haematocrit; haemoglobin; hypoxia exposure; reticulocytes