title: The self-report fecal incontinence and constipation questionnaire in patients with pelvic-floor dysfunction seeking outpatient rehabilitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fecal incontinence and constipation affect men and women of all ages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to psychometrically analyze the Fecal Incontinence and Constipation Questionnaire (FICQ) in patients seeking outpatient rehabilitation services due to pelvic-floor dysfunction (PFD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from 644 patients (mean age=52 years, SD=16, range=18-91) being treated for PFD in 64 outpatient rehabilitation clinics in 20 states (United States).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the 20-item FICQ for unidimensionality and local independence, differential item functioning (DIF), item fit, item hierarchical structure, and test precision using an item response theory model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analyses supported the 2-factor subscales as originally defined; items related to severity of leakage or constipation. Removal of 2 leakage items improved unidimensionality and local independence of the leakage scale. Among the remaining items, 2 items were suggestive of adjustment for DIF by age group and by number of PFD comorbid conditions. Item difficulties were suitable for patients with PFD with no ceiling or floor effect. Mean item difficulty parameters for leakage and constipation subscales ranged from 38.8 to 62.3 and 28.1 to 63.3 (0-100 scale), respectively. Endorsed leakage items representing highest difficulty levels were related to delay defecation and confidence to control bowel leakage. Endorsed constipation items representing highest difficulty levels were related to the need to strain during a bowel movement and the frequency of bowel movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A limitation of this study was the lack of medical diagnostic criteria to classify patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After removing 2 items and adjusting for DIF, the results supported sound psychometric properties of the FICQ items and its initial use for patients with PFD in outpatient rehabilitation services.
authors.affiliation: Y-C. Wang, OTR/L, PhD, Department of Occupational Science & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Focus On Therapeutic Outcomes, Inc, Knoxville, Tennessee; and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Mailing address: Department of Occupational Science & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Enderis Hall 971, Milwaukee, WI 53201 (USA).
authors.forename: Ying-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deutscher
authors.forename: Sheng-Che
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Werneke
authors.forename: Jerome E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mioduski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015897:Comorbidity; D003248:Constipation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires