title: Feasibility and acceptability of conducting a randomized clinical trial designed to improve interpretation of screening mammography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe recruitment, enrollment, and participation in a study of US radiologists invited to participate in a randomized controlled trial of two continuing medical education (CME) interventions designed to improve interpretation of screening mammography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected recruitment, consent, and intervention-completion information as part of a large study involving radiologists in California, Oregon, Washington, New Mexico, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Vermont. Consenting radiologists were randomized to receive either a 1-day live, expert-led educational session; to receive a self-paced DVD with similar content; or to a control group (delayed intervention). The impact of the interventions was assessed using a preintervention-postintervention test set design. All activities were institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 403 eligible radiologists, 151 of 403 (37.5%) consented to participate in the trial and 119 of 151 (78.8%) completed the preintervention test set, leaving 119 available for randomization to one of the two intervention groups or to controls. Female radiologists were more likely than male radiologists to consent to and complete the study (P = .03). Consenting radiologists who completed all study activities were more likely to have been interpreting mammography for 10 years or less compared to radiologists who consented and did not complete all study activities or did not consent at all. The live intervention group was more likely to report their intent to change their clinical practice as a result of the intervention compared to those who received the DVD (50% versus 17.6%, P = .02). The majority of participants in both interventions groups felt the interventions were a useful way to receive CME mammography credits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Community radiologists found interactive interventions designed to improve interpretative mammography performance acceptable and useful for clinical practice. This suggests CME credits for radiologists should, in part, be for examining practice skills.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code: FM, Portland, OR 97239. Electronic address: carneyp@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogart
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sickles
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Diana S M
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Buist
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerlikowske
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onega
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Miglioretti
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Bonnie C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yankaskas
authors.forename: Berta M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Geller
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography / Q000592:standards*; D008403:Mass Screening; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education*
keywords: Screening mammography; interpretive accuracy; physician education