title: The accuracy of prostate volume measurement from ultrasound images: a quasi-Monte Carlo simulation study using magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Prostate volume is an important parameter to guide management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to deliver clinical trial endpoints. Generally, simple 2D ultrasound (US) approaches are favoured despite the potential for greater accuracy afforded by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or complex US procedures. In this study, different approaches to estimate prostate size are evaluated with a simulation to select multiple organ cross-sections and diameters from 22 MRI-defined prostate shapes. A quasi-Monte Carlo (qMC) approach is used to simulate multiple probe positions and angles within prescribed limits resulting in a range of dimensions. The basic ellipsoid calculation which uses two scanning planes compares well to the MRI volume across the range of prostate shapes and sizes (R=0.992). However, using an appropriate linear regression model, accurate volume estimates can be made using prostate diameters calculated from a single scanning plane.
authors.affiliation: Precision Medicine, Pfizer, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, UK. Electronic address: david-olivier.azulay@pfizer.com.
authors.forename: David-Olivier D
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Azulay
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009929:Organ Size; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Estimation; Magnetic resonance imaging; Prostate; Ultrasound; Volume; quasi-Monte Carlo simulation