title: 'All the better for not seeing you': effects of communicative context on the speech of an individual with acquired communication difficulties.
abstract: Evidence shows that speakers adjust their speech depending on the demands of the listener. However, it is unclear whether people with acquired communication disorders can and do make similar adaptations. This study investigated the impact of different conversational settings on the intelligibility of a speaker with acquired communication difficulties. Twenty-eight assessors listened to recordings of the speaker reading aloud 40 words and 32 sentences to a listener who was either face-to-face or unseen. The speaker's ability to convey information was measured by the accuracy of assessors' orthographic transcriptions of the words and sentences. Assessors' scores were significantly higher in the unseen condition for the single word task particularly if they had heard the face-to-face condition first. Scores for the sentence task were significantly higher in the second presentation regardless of the condition. The results from this study suggest that therapy conducted in situations where the client is not able to see their conversation partner may encourage them to perform at a higher level and increase the clarity of their speech.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Readers will be able to describe: (1) the range of conversational adjustments made by speakers without communication difficulties; (2) differences between these tasks in offering contextual information to the listener; and (3) the potential for using challenging communicative situations to improve the performance of adults with communication disorders.
authors.affiliation: Language and Communication, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: c.bruce@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Braidwood
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D000849:Anomia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001037:Aphasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications; D003142:Communication; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D012931:Social Environment; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014706:Verbal Learning
keywords: Acquired communication difficulties; Intelligibility; Speaker adaptation