title: Fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction induced by TCDD in Wistar rats.
abstract: Humans are systemically exposed to persistent organic pollutants, of which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has become a major environmental concern. Exposure to TCDD results in a wide variety of adverse health effects which is mediated by oxidative stress through CYP1A1 activation and arachidonic acid metabolites. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exhibits antioxidant property and competes with arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids and produces anti-inflammatory EPA derivatives. Since both EPA and its derivatives have been reported to enhance the antioxidant mechanism, the present study aimed at studying whether EPA could offer protection against TCDD-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Estimation of kidney markers (serum urea and creatinine) and histopathological studies revealed that EPA treatment significantly reduced TCDD-induced renal damage. TCDD-induced oxidative damage was reflected in a significant increase in CYP1A1 activity and lipid peroxide levels with a concomitant decline in non-enzymic antioxidant (GSH) and various enzymic antioxidants such catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, TCDD-induced oxidative stress also resulted in decline in Na(+)-K(+) and Mg(2+)ATPases activities with increase in Ca(2+) ATPases activity. Oral treatment with EPA showed a significant cytoprotection against TCDD-induced renal oxidative stress by decreased CYP1A1 activity and enhanced antioxidant status. TCDD-induced alterations in ATPase enzyme activities were also prevented by EPA treatment. Our results show clear evidence that EPA ameliorates TCDD-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage; thus suggest the potential of EPA as an effective therapeutic agent against toxic effects mediated through redox imbalance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kalai Selvi
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Palaniswamy
authors.forename: Vijaya Padma
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Vishwanadha
authors.forename: Saranya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramalingam Singaravelu
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005395:Fish Oils; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D020011:Protective Agents; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014508:Urea; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases