title: Time-dependent decreases in nucleus accumbens AMPA/NMDA ratio and incubation of sucrose craving in adolescent and adult rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence that cue-induced sucrose seeking progressively increases after cessation of oral sucrose self-administration (incubation of sucrose craving) in both adolescent and adult rats. The synaptic plasticity changes associated with this incubation at different age groups are unknown. We assessed whether incubation of sucrose craving in rats trained to self-administer sucrose as young adolescents, adolescents, or adults is associated with changes in 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA)/N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ratio (a measure of postsynaptic changes in synaptic strength) in nucleus accumbens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three age groups initiated oral sucrose self-administration training (10 days) on postnatal day (P) 35 (young adolescents), P42 (adolescents), or P70 (adults). They were then tested for cue-induced sucrose seeking (assessed in an extinction test) on abstinence days 1 and 21. Separate groups of rats were trained to self-administer sucrose or water (a control condition), and assessed for AMPA/NMDA ratio in nucleus accumbens on abstinence days 1-3 and 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult rats earned more sucrose rewards, but sucrose intake per body weight was higher in young adolescent rats. Time-dependent increases in cue-induced sucrose seeking (incubation of sucrose craving) were more pronounced in adult rats, less pronounced in adolescents, and not detected in young adolescents. On abstinence day 21, but not days 1-3, AMPA/NMDA ratio in nucleus accumbens were decreased in rats that self-administered sucrose as adults and adolescents, but not young adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate age-dependent changes in magnitude of incubation of sucrose craving and nucleus accumbens synaptic plasticity after cessation of sucrose self-administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Rm S-251, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA, d.s.counotte@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Danielle S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Counotte
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schiefer
authors.forename: Yavin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaham
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D066249:Craving / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D014867:Water; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid