title: A multilevel analysis of the effects of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index on nurse outcomes.
abstract: Few researchers have examined how the components of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) relate to nurses' well-being at multiple organizational levels. The objective of the study was to perform a multilevel assessment of the relationships of the PES-NWI subscales with three nurse outcomes: job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions. Additionally, we tested the multilevel factor structure of the PES-NWI. In a sample of 699 full-time registered nurses in 79 units and 9 branches of a hospital system, relationships of the NWI with nurse outcomes were fairly consistent across levels of analysis. However, subscales contributed differently to the three outcomes, demonstrating the complexity of environmental influences on nurses' work experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, Virginia Commonwealth University, 301 West Main Street, PO Box 844000, Richmond, Virginia, 23284-4000. agabriel2@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Allison S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Diefendorff
authors.forename: Gail E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bromley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006272:Health Facility Environment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Nursing Work Index; Practice Environment Scale; emotional exhaustion; job satisfaction; multilevel analysis; nurse practice environment; turnover intentions