title: A new option for glycemic control: insulin degludec, a new-generation basal insulin with an ultralong duration of action.
abstract: Basal insulin represents an essential tool in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; it can be prescribed with oral antidiabetic agents for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) or used as part of a basal-bolus regimen in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and more advanced T2D. The basal insulin products currently on the market, although improved, do not optimally mimic endogenous insulin secretion. It is therefore important to investigate how the action of a basal insulin can be improved to match the physiologic profile more precisely and consequently to examine the desired properties of an ideal new-generation basal insulin. Some of these characteristics would include stable pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles, true 24-hour duration of action in all patients, low within-person variability in absorption and glucose-lowering action, more flexible dose timing, and low occurrence of hypoglycemia. A new-generation basal insulin, insulin degludec, currently approved in Japan, Mexico, and Europe, was designed to provide a more stable pharmacotherapeutic option with a lower risk of hypoglycemia than the currently available basal insulins while retaining an efficacious profile. The characteristics of an ideal basal insulin are reviewed, and the pharmacology and clinical attributes of insulin degludec are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University Diabetes Care Associates, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Drab
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philis-Tsimikas
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; C571886:insulin degludec
keywords: basal insulin; diabetes; hypoglycemia; insulin degludec; ultralong-acting insulin