title: Options for the management of antiviral resistance during hepatitis B therapy: reflections on battles over a decade.
abstract: Although much advancement has been achieved in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, antiviral resistance is still a challenging issue. Previous generation antiviral agents have already developed resistance in a number of patients, and it is still being used especially in resource limited countries. Once antiviral resistance occurs, it predisposes to subsequent resistance, resulting in multidrug resistance. Therefore, prevention of initial antiviral resistance is the most important strategy, and appropriate choice and modification of therapy would be the cornerstone in avoiding treatment failures. Until now, management of antiviral resistance has been evolving from sequential therapy to combination therapy. In the era of tenofovir, the paradigm shifts again, and we have to decide when to switch and when to combine on the basis of newly emerging clinical data. We expect future eradication of chronic hepatitis B virus infection by proper prevention and optimal management of antiviral resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Antiviral Resistance Study Group, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Seong Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009705:Nucleosides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine
keywords: Antiviral resistance; Chronic hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Nucleoside analogue; Nucleotide analogue; Treatment