title: Are obesity and overweight associated with gingivitis occurrence in Brazilian schoolchildren?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between weight status and gingival inflammation in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8- to 12-year old, when controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 1211 children aged 8- to 12-year old from public and private schools in Southern Brazil were selected by a two-stage cluster method. Questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic data and oral hygiene habits. Oral examination evaluated presence of plaque and gingival bleeding. Anthropometric measures were collected to obtain body mass index. Multivariate Poisson regression was used for data analysis (Prevalence Ratio/95% Confidence Interval).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of gingivitis was 44.0%. Mean and median values of gingival bleeding sites were 3.10 and 2.0 respectively. Obese/overweight children totalized 34.6%. In multivariate adjusted analysis, sex (PR 0.86; 95%CI 0.75;0.98), maternal schooling (PR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01;1.18), plaque (PR 1.37; 95% CI 1.26;1.50), dental caries experience (PR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01;1.36) and bleeding during tooth brushing (PR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11;1.48) were associated with the outcome. In the sex-stratified analysis, overweight/obese boys presented a greater risk for gingivitis (PR 1.22 95% CI 1.01;1.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gingivitis was not associated with obesity/overweight in the total sample. Gender differences seem to influence the relationship between gingivitis and obesity/overweight; a stronger association was noted among boys than girls.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Lenise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Seerig
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vargas-Ferreira
authors.forename: Fernanda O B
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Fábio R M
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Flávio F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Demarco
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: epidemiology; obesity; overweight; paediatrics; periodontal diseases