title: Impact of polyunsaturated vegetable oils on adiponectin levels, glycaemia and blood lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind intervention study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low adiponectin levels are discussed as risk factor for cardiovascular events. This is of special importance in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) because they are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two plant oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with different content of omega-3 fatty acids, on adiponectin levels, glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM individuals treated either with insulin or oral anti-diabetics (OAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two subjects with T2DM [34 treated with insulin (T2DM-Ins) and 58 treated with OAD (T2DM-OAD)] participated in this randomised, double-blind, parallel intervention study. Individuals received either 9 g of nut oil (n-3:n-6 ratio: 1.3 : 6.1) or mixed oil (n-3:n-6 ratio: 0.6 : 5.7) per day for 10 weeks. The fatty acid profile, tocopherol, adiponectin levels and parameters regarding glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed at baseline, during and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance was confirmed by significant increases in γ-tocopherol and PUFA in both oil groups. An increase in adiponectin levels in T2DM-Ins participants (+6.84% in nut oil and +4.47% in mixed oil group after 10 weeks compared to baseline) was observed, albeit not significantly different from T2DM-OAD individuals (P = 0.051). Lipid and glucose metabolism were not affected by the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides evidence that a small and easy change in dietary behaviour towards better fat quality moderately increases adiponectin levels in T2DM-Ins subjects, independently of the administered plant oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Emerging Field 'Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability', University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müllner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plasser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brath
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waldschütz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kundi
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: adiponectin; diabetes; intervention; polyunsaturated fatty acid; secondary prevention