title: Dissipation kinetics of bifenazate in tea under tropical conditions.
abstract: Field experiments were conducted during April and May of 2011 in Valparai, Coonoor and Gudalur (Tamil Nadu, India) to determine the residues of bifenazate in black tea. From this study, residue levels of bifenazate at different harvest intervals, persistence, dissipation pattern during processing, rate constant and half-life values were calculated. Residues of bifenazate dissipated exponentially after spraying and at Gudalur trial, on the 16th day after application residues were below the maximum residue level of 0.02 mg/kg set by the European Union. However, no residues were detected in the tea brew. Regression lines drawn for bifenazate showed that it followed first order dissipation kinetics. Half-life values varied from 1.03 to 1.36 days for bifenazate and a pre-harvest interval of 16 days is suggested.
authors.affiliation: UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Valparai 642 127, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: sathesh82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Annamalai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Satheshkumar
authors.forename: Velu Kalaipandian
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Senthurpandian
authors.forename: Veilumuthu Anandham
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Shanmugaselvan
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002219:Carbamates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards; D004058:Diffusion; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection; D006207:Half-Life; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007194:India; D007700:Kinetics; D007881:Legislation, Food; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D002219:Carbamates; D006834:Hydrazines; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D013662:Tea; C508134:bifenazate
keywords: Bifenazate; Dissipation; Half-life; Maximum residue limit; Tea