title: Image analysis: basic procedures for description of plant structures.
abstract: This chapter gives examples of basic procedures of quantification of plant structures with the use of image analysis, which are commonly employed to describe differences among experimental treatments or phenotypes of plant material. Tasks are demonstrated with the use of ImageJ, a widely used public domain Java image processing program. Principles of sampling design based on systematic uniform random sampling for quantitative studies of anatomical parameters are given to obtain their unbiased estimations and simplified "rules of thumb" are presented. The basic procedures mentioned in the text are (1) sampling, (2) calibration, (3) manual length measurement, (4) leaf surface area measurement, (5) estimation of particle density demonstrated on an example of stomatal density, and (6) analysis of epidermal cell shape.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrechtová
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kubínová
authors.forename: Aleš
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soukup
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janáček
mesh_terms: D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology*