title: Kidney disease in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced mortality and improved life expectancy of HIV-positive patients. However, increased survival is associated with increased prevalence of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, hepatic and renal disease. Kidney disease, including HIV-associated nephropathy, acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease, represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, especially if associated to other risk factors, i.e. hypertension, diabetes, older age, black race and hepatitis C coinfection. Careful evaluation of renal function may help identifying kidney disease in its early stages. In addition, proper management of hypertension and diabetes is recommended. Even if HAART has changed the natural course of HIV-associated nephropathy, reducing the risk of End-stage Renal Disease (ERDS), some antiretroviral regimens have been related with the development of acute or chronic kidney disease. Further studies are needed to optimize the management of renal disease among HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Italy. gnunnari@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpino
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pinzone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madeddu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Focà
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martellotta
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schioppa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceccarelli
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Celesia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Ettorre
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cacopardo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nunnari
mesh_terms: D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents