title: Incretin based therapies: bone protective effects.
abstract: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and osteoporosis have been found recently to be tightly correlated. In fact, T2D can result in bone loss through different mechanisms resulting in alteration of bone matrix and inhibition of bone formation. Fracture risk also increases significantly. New antidiabetic agents, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon like peptide -1 agonists have shown promise in many fields beyond glycemic control. Benefits on the skeletal system are multiple through direct stimulation of osteoblasts, inhibition of advanced glycation end products and inhibition of bone resorption. However, clinical evidence in humans is still not enough to allow definitive conclusions.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakhtoura
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 8th floor, New York, NY 10017, USA. sazar@aub.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Sami T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Azar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054795:Incretins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1