title: Pleuropneumonectomy for diffuse pleural metastasis in primary lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to analyze a single institution experience with pleuropneumonectomy for pleural metastasis and malignant pleural effusion in primary lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 1978 to August 2011, 66 consecutive patients with lung cancer underwent pleuropneumonectomy. Patients were followed-up after the operation. The quality-of-life and the survival time were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the 66 patients were successfully operated on, including 38 patients in early years (1978-1993) and 28 patients in recent years (1994-2011). Two patients in early years died after the operation. Post-operative complications occurred including heart arrhythmia, respiratory insufficiency and bacterial infection of residual lung, chylothoraxin and mental disorder. A total of 61 patients have been successfully followed-up and three patients in early years were lost in 1 year after the operation. Local recurrence was found in seven cases (4 in early years, 3 in recent years) and distant metastasis was found in 48 cases (29 in early years, 19 in recent years). A total of 54 patients died from tumors, seven patients survived. The actuarial 1, 2 and 3-year survival rates are 72.7%, 27.2% and 6.1% of 36 in patients of early years and 85.7%, 46.4% and 21.4% in 28 patients of recent years. The mean survival and the median survival of the total 64 patients were 20.0 ± 10.9 months and 17 months respectively. Further analysis showed that the mean survival and the median survival of the 36 patients in early years were 17.2 ± 9.7 months and 15 months, in contrast to 23.4 ± 11.3 months and 18 months of the 28 patients in recent years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pleuropneumonectomy is an option of patients with advanced-stage lung cancer associated with uncontrolled malignant pleural fluid by conservative therapies. Strict selection of patient to be operated, careful procedures to eradicate obvious tumors and metastasis and enhanced post-operative combined therapy are beneficial to patients' long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bo
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chao-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yang-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Nai-Kang
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D017678:Sex Distribution