title: Production of quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosidic derivatives from the aqueous-organic extracted residue of litchi pericarp with Aspergillus awamori.
abstract: Our previous work exhibited Aspergillus awamori fermentation of the litchi pericarp increased significantly antioxidant activity and DNA protection effect. In this present study, the litchi pericarp and its aqueous-organic extracted residues were fermented by A. awamori in order to elucidate the enhanced beneficial effects. The study identified that rutin which present in litchi pericarp could be deglycosylated to form quercetin and quercetin-3-glucoside after the fermentation. Application the standard compounds (rutin, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol-3-glucoside and kaempferol) further revealed the effective biotransformation by A. awamori fermentation. It was hypothesised that rutin was initially dehydroxylated to form kaempferol-3-rutinoside and then deglycosylated to form kaempferol-3-glucoside and kaempferol. To our best knowledge, it is the first report on dehydroxylated effect of polyphenols caused by A. awamori fermentation. Thus, A. awamori fermentation can provide an effective way to produce health benefiting value-added products from litchi pericarp in food industry.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qinqin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lingrong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yueming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D032125:Litchi / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D044949:Kaempferols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C016527:isoquercitrin; D012431:Rutin; C006552:kaempferol; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Aspergillus awamori; Dehydroxylation; Kaempferol; Litchi; Pericarp; Quercetin