title: Propargylation of indene-1,3-dione under a new phase-transfer catalyst combined with ultrasonication--a kinetic study.
abstract: In the present study, kinetics of synthesis of 2,2-di(prop-2-ynyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione was successfully carried out by propargylation of indene-1,3-dione with propargyl bromide using aqueous potassium hydroxide and catalyzed by a newly synthesized phase-transfer catalyst viz., N-benzyl-N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-ammonium bromide, PTC under ultrasonic (40 kHz, 300 W) assisted organic solvent condition. The pseudo first-order kinetic equation was applied to describe the overall reaction. Under ultrasound irradiation (40 kHz, 300 W) in a batch reactor, it shows that the overall reaction rate can be greatly enhanced with ultrasound irradiation than without ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Sri Chandrashekarendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya Deemed University, Enathur, Kanchipuram 631 561, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: Selvaraj83org@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Varathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: Venugopal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rajendran
keywords: Interfacial reaction; Kinetics; PTC; Propargyl bromide; Propargylation; Sonocatalysis