title: Toxicological and pharmacological concerns on oxidative stress and related diseases.
abstract: Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical are generated as the natural byproduct of normal oxygen metabolism, they can create oxidative damage via interaction with bio-molecules. The role of oxidative stress as a remarkable upstream part is frequently reported in the signaling cascade of inflammation as well as chemo attractant production. Even though hydrogen peroxide can control cell signaling and stimulate cell proliferation at low levels, in higher concentrations it can initiate apoptosis and in very high levels may create necrosis. So far, the role of ROS in cellular damage and death is well documented with implicating in a broad range of degenerative alterations e.g. carcinogenesis, aging and other oxidative stress related diseases (OSRDs). Reversely, it is cleared that antioxidants are potentially able to suppress (at least in part) the immune system and to enhance the normal cellular protective responses to tissue damage. In this review, we aimed to provide insights on diverse OSRDs, which are correlated with the concept of oxidative stress as well as its cellular effects that can be inhibited by antioxidants. Resveratrol, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, nebivolol and carvedilol, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, and plant-derived drugs (alone or combined) are the potential medicines that can be used to control OSRD.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeidnia
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077261:Carvedilol; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000068577:Nebivolol; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002227:Carbazoles; D004983:Ethanolamines; D011412:Propanolamines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013267:Stilbenes; D000068577:Nebivolol; D000077261:Carvedilol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Disease; Oxidative stress; Pharmacology; Toxicology