title: Preserved echinoderm gametes as a useful and ready-to-use bioassay material.
abstract: Marine animals, and sea urchin species in particular, have several advantages for use in environmental research. However, the spawned eggs of the sea urchin quickly lose fertility, although the fertile period can be lengthened by the addition of antibiotics to the sea water (Epel et al., 2004). We evaluated five species of Japanese sea urchin and the gametes of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus could be maintained for 2 weeks or more at low temperature with the addition of antibiotics to sea water. We also demonstrated the practicality of shipping these preserved gametes as experimental material for universities and schools to use immediately for bioassays of physical and chemical impacts on the marine environment.
authors.affiliation: Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Kou-yatsu 11, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0301, Japan. Electronic address: kiyomoto.masato@ocha.ac.jp.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyomoto
authors.affiliation: Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Kou-yatsu 11, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0301, Japan.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamanaka
authors.affiliation: Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Kou-yatsu 11, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0301, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Kou-yatsu 11, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0301, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D012617:Sea Urchins; D012623:Seawater; D013696:Temperature; D015053:Zygote
keywords: Echinoderm; Ecotoxicology; Embryo; Fertilization; Larval bioassay; Preserved gametes; Sea urchin