title: [Trocar site herniation (TSH) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: incidence, pathogenesis, and prevention -- animal study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1968 R. E. Fear first reported a trocar site hernia (TSH) in his large series on laparoscopy. Currently, the incidence of TSH is estimated to be 0.65-2.80%. Ports ≥10-mm are usually closed, but ports of the 5-mm trocars are always left open, which may lead to herniation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Authors guided teaching courses for hands-on animal laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) operations, where trainees performed LC-s on 60 animals. Two and four weeks following the operations the animals underwent second look laparoscopy to detect adhesion formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trocar site herniation was observed, and in 20% of the animals herniation was found. 70% of the hernias were situated in the 5-mm ports and 30% in the 10-mm ports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Port sites should be closed to prevent the formation of TSH. Attention should be payed on the closure of 5-mm trocar sites as well.
authors.affiliation: Europ-Med Budaörs Egészségügyi Központ Egynapos Sebészeti Osztály 2040 Budaörs Kossuth Lajos u. 9.
authors.forename: Eldin Mohamed
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gamal
authors.forename: Györgyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Furka
authors.forename: Irén
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mikó
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pető
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferencz
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sándor
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szentkereszty
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sápi
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wéber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006814:Hungary; D015994:Incidence; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects; D013537:Sutures; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: hernia; laparoscopia; laparoscopy; sérv; trocar; trokár