title: Can palmar creases serve as landmarks for the deeper neuro-vascular structures?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was the examination of the superficial anatomy of palmar creases and their relation to deeper neuro-vascular structures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four creases: distal wrist flexion crease, thenar crease, proximal palmar crease and distal palmar crease were evaluated with reference to the following structures: palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve, the nerve of Henle, transverse palmar branches from ulnar nerve, recurrent motor branch of median nerve, radial proper palmar digital nerve to the index and the ulnar proper palmar digital nerve to the thumb, Berrettini's communicating branch, ulnar nerve and artery, superficial palmar arch. We performed dissections of 20 cadaveric upper limbs derived from a homogenous Caucasian group. In our study we measured the location of surgically important structures with reference to palmar skin creases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the other observations we noticed that the palmar cutaneous branches of the median and ulnar nerves were located at least 0.5 cm away from the thenar crease. The superficial palmar arch was found between the thenar and proximal palmar crease and never crossed the proximal or distal palmar creases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These anatomical dissections will provide reference material for further ultrasound studies on the arrangements of neuro-vascular structures in reference to superficial palmar creases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Centre of Biostructure, Research Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland, magdkwiat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowska
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jakutowicz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ciszek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czubak
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans