title: Wilson's disease in pregnancy: case series and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wilson's disease is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by impaired liver metabolism of copper leading to decreased biliary excretion and incorporation of ceruloplasmin levels mainly in the liver and brain. Untreated Wilson's disease has been shown to cause subfertility and even in cases where pregnancy occurs, it often results in spontaneous miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present four cases of successful pregnancy outcomes in three patients diagnosed with Wilson's disease along with the literature review. All the patients were managed with zinc sulphate without any postnatal complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with Wilson's disease receiving regular treatment who remain asymptomatic are usually able to conceive and achieve successful outcomes. However, these pregnancies should be considered high risk and merit regular surveillance.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, Medical College, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P,O, Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. alianwar90@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khawaja
authors.forename: Lumaan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D003300:Copper; D002570:Ceruloplasmin