title: Comparison of intravenous lipid emulsion, bicarbonate, and tailored liposomes in rabbit clomipramine toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liposome (LIP)-like lipid dispersions have emerged as useful detoxification vehicles in vitro. The authors compare resuscitation with tailored LIPs, 20% intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), and sodium bicarbonate (BIC), in a rabbit model of clomipramine toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sedated, instrumented New Zealand white rabbits underwent clomipramine infusion at 3.2 mg/kg/min to 50% baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) and then at 1.6 mg/kg/min for 30 minutes. BIC (3 mL/kg 8.4%), ILE (3 mL/kg 20%), or LIP (24 mg/kg) were infused as rescue treatments at toxicity and were repeated at 10 minutes (n = 5 in each group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-minute MAP was greatest in ILE-treated animals: 61 mm Hg ILE (interquartile range [IQR] = 49 to 64 mm Hg), 43 mm Hg LIP (IQR = 36.5 to 49 mm Hg), and 10 mm Hg BIC (IQR = 10 to 44 mm Hg; all p = 0.02). Two of the five BIC-treated animals survived to 30 minutes, compared with all five of the ILE-treated animals and all five of the LIP-treated animals (p = 0.044).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both ILE and LIPs improved hemodynamic recovery compared with bicarbonate in clomipramine-induced cardiotoxicity in rabbits. Greater 30-minute MAP was observed in the ILE group.
authors.affiliation: Tamworth Rural Referral Hospital, Tamworth, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Damitz
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000633:toxicity*; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008081:Liposomes; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D002997:Clomipramine