title: Association of MMP but not TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral inflammatory disease induced by genetic and environmental factors. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their natural inhibitor TIMP-1 are active players in the inflammatory process. We aimed to determine whether inheritance of specific MMP-2, MMP-9, or TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms is associated with RAS susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six RAS patients and 153 healthy controls were studied. Five polymorphisms were genotyped: rs17576, rs3918242, and rs11697325 in MMP-9, MMP-2 rs2285053, and TIMP-1 rs6609533. Association was assessed by logistic regression analysis after adjustment for confounding factors. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was assessed using the Haploview program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-9 rs11697325 was significantly associated with RAS, with an increase in the AA genotype in patients, determined using χ(2) analysis (OR = 2.3, P = 0.006) and adjusted regression analysis (OR = 3.1, P = 0.009). MMP-9 rs11697325 and rs17576 showed strong LD (D' = 0.95), with an increase in the AA haplotype (P = 0.023) and a decrease in the GA haplotype (P = 0.015) in patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to investigate the association of MMPs or TIMP-1 with RAS. We found a significant association between MMP-9 rs11697325 polymorphisms and RAS. Confirmatory studies in other populations and functional investigations are needed to determine the role of these genes in RAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Karasneh
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bani-Hani
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alkhateeb
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Thornhill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: matrix metalloproteinase; polymorphism; recurrent aphthous stomatitis; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases