title: Evaluation of in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory potential of alkaloidal fractions of Piper nigrum, Murraya koenigii, Argemone mexicana, and Nelumbo nucifera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aldose reductase is primarily involved in development of long-term diabetic complications due to increased polyol pathway activity. The synthetic aldose reductase inhibitors are not very successful clinically. Therefore, the natural sources may be exploited for safer and effective aldose reductase inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the aldose reductase inhibitory potential of hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal extracts of Piper nigrum, Murraya koenigii, Argemone mexicana, and Nelumbo nucifera was evaluated. The hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal extracts of the selected plants were prepared. The different concentrations of hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal extracts of these plants were evaluated for their goat lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity using dl-glyceraldehyde as substrate. The aldose reductase inhibitory potential of extracts was assessed in terms of their IC50 value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amongst the hydroalcoholic extracts, the highest aldose reductase inhibitory activity was shown by P. nigrum (IC50 value 35.64±2.7 μg/mL) followed by M. koenigii (IC50 value 45.67±2.57 μg/mL), A. mexicana (IC50 value 56.66±1.30 μg/mL), and N. nucifera (IC50 value 59.78±1.32 μg/mL). Among the alkaloidal extracts, highest inhibitory activity was shown by A. mexicana (IC50 value 25.67±1.25 μg/mL), followed by N. nucifera (IC50 value 28.82±1.85 μg/mL), P. nigrum (IC50 value 30.21±1.63 μg/mL), and M. koenigii (IC50 value 35.66±1.64 μg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be concluded that the alkaloidal extracts of these plants possess potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity and may be therapeutically exploited in diabetes-related complications associated with increased activity of aldose reductase.
authors.forename: Sakshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Amteshwar Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jaggi
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D031674:Argemone / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006041:Goats; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000201:enzymology; D032101:Murraya / Q000737:chemistry*; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D029222:Piper nigrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase