title: A review of neuroimaging findings of apathy in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apathy is one of the most frequent "behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia" (BPSD) encountered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a growing interest in the early diagnosis of apathetic elderly patients in the community since apathy has been associated with reduced daily functioning, caregiver distress, and poor outcome. The generalization of neuroimaging techniques might be able to offer help in this domain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within this context we conducted an extensive electronic search from the databases included in the National Library of Medicine as well as PsychInfo and Google Scholar for neuroimaging findings of apathy in AD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuroimaging findings lend support to the notion that frontal-subcortical networks are involved in the occurrence of apathy in AD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal studies comparing patients and normal individuals might allow us to infer on the association between apathy and neurodegenerative diseases and what can brain imaging markers tell us about the characterization of this association, thus revealing disease patterns, helping to distinguish clinically distinct cognitive syndromes, and allowing predictions.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Theleritis
authors.affiliation: First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Politis
authors.affiliation: First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siarkos
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Costantine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lyketsos
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D057565:Apathy / Q000502:physiology*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales