title: Evaluation of mental stress by physiological indices derived from finger plethysmography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative evaluation of mental stress is important to prevent stress-related disorders. Finger plethysmography (FPG) is a simple noninvasive method to monitor peripheral circulation, and provides many physiological indices. Our purpose is to investigate how FPG-derived indices reflect on mental stress, and to clarify any association between these physiological indices and subjective indices of mental stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one healthy women (mean age, 22 years ± 2) participated. The participants rested by sitting on a chair for 10 min. They then performed a computerized version of the Stroop color-word conflict test (CWT) for 10 min. Finally, they rested for 10 min. FPG was recorded throughout the experiment. The participants completed a brief form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire before and after the test. Using the FPG data, we conducted chaos analysis and fast Fourier transform analysis, and calculated chaotic attractors, the largest Lyapunov exponent, a high-frequency (HF) component, a low-to-high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, finger pulse rate and finger pulse wave amplitude.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HF component decreased and the LF/HF ratio increased significantly during the test (P < 0.01), while the confusion subscale of POMS increased after the test (P < 0.05). During testing, finger pulse rate significantly increased (P < 0.001), and the finger pulse wave amplitude decreased (P < 0.001). The attractor size reduced during testing and returned to a baseline level afterwards. Although the largest Lyapunov exponent showed no significant change during testing, significant negative correlation with the tension-anxiety subscale of POMS was observed at the beginning (P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation between the LF/HF ratio and two subscales was also observed in the beginning and middle of the test (P < 0.05). There were no correlations during the rest periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physiological indices derived from FPG were changed by mental stress. Our findings indicate that FPG is one of the easiest methods to evaluate mental stress quantitatively. In particular, the largest Lyapunov exponent and the LF/HF ratio might be associated with acute mental stress. Farther examination is needed to find any association between the physiological indices and various types of mental stress.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. em.tsukuba@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minakuchi
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Shigeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Miyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Takayasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult