title: Revision cochlear implantation following internal auditory canal insertion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In pediatric patients with congenital malformations of the inner ear, anomalies within the anatomy may facilitate unintentional insertion of the cochlear implant electrode into the internal auditory canal. Revision procedures for removal and replacement of cochlear implant electrodes following internal auditory canal insertion are fraught with potential danger, including the theoretical risk of injury to vasculature within the internal auditory canal, repeat insertion within the internal auditory canal, and cerebrospinal fluid leak. The objective of this presentation is to describe a technique for revision cochlear implantation following internal auditory canal insertion to minimize the potential associated risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients at a tertiary care facility who underwent revision cochlear implantation for internal auditory canal insertion between January 1999 and July 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of four patients referred from outside institutions have undergone revision cochlear implantation for internal auditory canal insertion. The records from these patients were reviewed. Electrodes were safely removed in all cases without injury to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery or its branches (i.e., labyrinthine artery). Complete insertion was accomplished on reimplantation. Neural response telemetry was performed in all cases, and responses were noted. Fluoroscopy was utilized to visualize electrode progression during insertion. A detailed description of the operative technique is provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series describes a technique for revision cochlear implantation that appears to be safe and effective in preventing potential associated complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Selena E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Heman-Ackah
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Friedmann
authors.forename: Maura K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cosetti
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Waltzman
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Roland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cochlear implant; X-linked deafness; congenital anomalies; congenital cochlear anomalies; implants; internal auditory canal insertion; pediatric otology; revision