title: Innovative techniques in evaluating the esophagus; imaging of esophageal morphology and function; and drugs for esophageal disease.
abstract: This paper reporting on techniques for esophageal evaluation and imaging and drugs for esophageal disease includes commentaries on endoscopy techniques including dye-based high-resolution and dye-less high-definition endoscopy; the shift from CT to MRI guidance in tumor delineation for radiation therapy; the role of functional lumen imaging in measuring esophageal distensibility; electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) as an alternative to fundoduplication for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); the morphological findings of reflux esophagitis and esophageal dysmotility on double-contrast esophagography; the value of videofluoroscopy in assessing protecting mechanisms in patients with chronic reflux or swallowing disorders; targeting visceral hypersensitivity in the treatment of refractory GERD; and the symptoms and treatments of nighttime reflux and nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Neurath
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vieth
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frederiek M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lever
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lips
authors.affiliation: Trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Barry P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Gastroenterolgy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ruurda
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Gastroenterolgy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Hillegersberg
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Gastroenterolgy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siersema
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.|Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharitzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pokieser
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Bordeaux, Saint Andre Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zerbib
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savarino
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zentilin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savarino
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Walter W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D016634:Radiosurgery
keywords: EndoStim; Endoscopy; FLIP; GERD; PPI; nighttime breakthrough; swallowing; videofluoroscopy