title: Local inflammatory reaction induced by Scolopendra viridicornis centipede venom in mice.
abstract: Centipede envenomation is generally mild, and human victims usually manifest burning pain, erythema and edema. Despite the abundance and ubiquity of these animals, centipede venom has been poorly characterized in literature. For this reason, the aim of this work was to investigate local inflammatory features induced by Scolopendra viridicornis centipede envenomation in mice, evaluating edema formation, leukocyte infiltration, production of inflammatory mediators, and also performing histological analysis. The highest edematogenic activity induced by the venom, determined by plethysmometry, was noticed 0.5 h after injection in mice footpad. At 24 h, edema was still detected in animals that received 15 and 60 μg of venom, and at 48 h, only in animals injected with 60 μg of venom. In relation to leukocyte count, S. viridicornis venom induced cell recruitment, mainly neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, in all doses and time periods analyzed in comparison with PBS-injected mice. An increase in lymphocytes was detected especially between 1 and 24 h at 60 μg dose. Besides, eosinophil recruitment was observed mainly for 15 and 60 μg doses in early time periods. Edema formation and cell recruitment were also confirmed by histological analysis. Moreover, S. viridicornis venom stimulated the release of IL-6, MCP-1, KC, and IL-1β. Conversely, S. viridicornis venom did not induce the release of detectable levels of TNF-α. We demonstrated that the edematogenic activity induced by S. viridicornis venom was of rapid onset, and the venom stimulated secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators which contribute to the inflammatory reaction induced by S. viridicornis venom in an experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Louise Faggionato
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: José Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Prezotto-Neto
authors.forename: Bianca de Carvalho Lins Fernandes
authors.initials: Bde C
authors.lastname: Távora
authors.forename: Marta Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Knysak
authors.forename: Samuel Paulo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gióia Guizze
authors.forename: Marcelo Larami
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Katia Cristina
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Barbaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D001181:Arthropods / Q000737:chemistry; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001180:Arthropod Venoms; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Centipede venom; Edema; IL-1β; IL-6; IL-8; Inflammatory mediators; KC; Leukocyte influx; Local reaction; MCP-1; Scolopendra; TNF-α; interleukin 1 beta; interleukin 6; interleukin 8; keratinocyte chemoattractant; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; tumor necrosis factor alpha