title: Neodymium-doped LaF(3) nanoparticles for fluorescence bioimaging in the second biological window.
abstract: The future perspective of fluorescence imaging for real in vivo application are based on novel efficient nanoparticles which is able to emit in the second biological window (1000-1400 nm). In this work, the potential application of Nd(3+) -doped LaF(3) (Nd(3+) :LaF(3) ) nanoparticles is reported for fluorescence bioimaging in both the first and second biological windows based on their three main emission channels of Nd(3+) ions: (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(9/2) , (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(11/2) and (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(13/2) that lead to emissions at around 910, 1050, and 1330 nm, respectively. By systematically comparing the relative emission intensities, penetration depths and subtissue optical dispersion of each transition we propose that optimum subtissue images based on Nd(3+) :LaF(3) nanoparticles are obtained by using the (4) F3/2 →(4) I11/2 (1050 nm) emission band (lying in the second biological window) instead of the traditionally used (4) F(3/2) →(4) I(9/2) (910 nm, in the first biological window). After determining the optimum emission channel, it is used to obtain both in vitro and in vivo images by the controlled incorporation of Nd(3+) :LaF(3) nanoparticles in cancer cells and mice. Nd(3+) :LaF(3)nanoparticles thus emerge as very promising fluorescent nanoprobes for bioimaging in the second biological window.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Fotônica e Fluidos Complexos Instituto de Física Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ueslen
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Kagola Upendra
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacinto
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanz-Rodríguez
authors.forename: María del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Iglesias de la Cruz
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juarranz
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Frank C J M
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: van Veggel
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bovero
authors.forename: José García
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Solé
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaque
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002645:Chickens; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009354:Neodymium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061848:Optical Imaging; D010316:Particle Size; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; C083668:lanthanum trifluoride; D009354:Neodymium; D007811:Lanthanum; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: bioimaging; biological window; nanoparticles; neodymium