title: Varicella zoster virus central nervous system immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome presenting in a child.
abstract: A HIV-positive child presented with acute onset of right hemiplegia, facial palsy and dysphasia 4 weeks after commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a left-sided cerebral infarct. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction was positive for varicella zoster virus. This is the first reported pediatric case of varicella zoster virus-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: From the *Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford; Department of †Pediatric Neurology and ‡Neuroradiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; §Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton; ¶Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; ‖Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; and **NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mildred A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Iro
authors.forename: Fenella J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kirkham
authors.forename: Jason H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tebruegge
authors.forename: Saul N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: Sanjay V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D020804:Encephalitis, Varicella Zoster / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000821:virology*