title: Ventromedial PFC, parahippocampal, and cerebellar connectivity are associated with temporal discounting in old age.
abstract: Temporal discounting occurs when a greater delayed reward is forsaken for a smaller immediate reward, and has been associated with a number of financial and health care outcomes important for older adults. Using resting-state fMRI and seed regions of interest in the left and right fronto-insular (FI) cortices, we explored the neurobiological substrate of temporal discounting in 123 non-demented older adults from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. For the left FI cortex, temporal discounting was positively associated with functional connectivity to the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex and middle temporal regions, and negatively associated with parahippocampal and right cerebellar regions. For the right FI cortex, temporal discounting was negatively associated with functional connectivity to a right cerebellar region. Connectivity maps of both left and right seed regions of interest overlapped in the right cerebellum. Results support the notion of different brain functional connectivity patterns associated with the dynamic range of temporal discounting in old age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Mental Health Care Group, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States. Electronic address: Duke_Han@rush.edu.
authors.forename: S Duke
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fleischman
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arfanakis
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Aging; Fronto-insular cortex; Functional connectivity; Temporal discounting; Ventromedial prefrontal cortex