title: Rapid identification of adulterated cow milk by non-linear pattern recognition methods based on near infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: More than 800 representative milk samples, which consisted of 287 raw cow milk samples from different pastures surrounding Shanghai of China and 526 adulteration milk samples containing different pseudo proteins and thickeners, were collected and designed to demonstrate a method for rapidly discriminating adulterated milks based on near infrared (NIR) spectra. The NIR classification models were built by two non-linear supervised pattern recognition methods of improved support vector machine (I-SVM) and improved and simplified K nearest neighbours (IS-KNN). Uniform design theory was applied to optimize the parameters of SVM and thus the computation amount was reduced 90%. Both two methods exhibit good adaptability in discriminating adulterated milks from raw cow milks. Further investigation showed that the correction ratio for discriminating milk samples increased with the increasing of adulteration solutions' level in the adulterated milk. The concentration of adulterants is an important factor of influencing milk discrimination results of the NIR pattern recognition models. The results demonstrated the usefulness of NIR spectra combined with non-linear pattern recognition methods as an objective and rapid method for the authentication of complicated raw cow milks.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
authors.forename: Li-Guo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Zhi-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Shi-Xin
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D060388:Support Vector Machine
keywords: Improved and simplified K nearest neighbours; Improved support vector machine; Near infrared spectroscopy; Rapid identification of adulterated cow milks; Uniform design