title: Bipolar radiofrequency ablation of spinal tumors: predictability, safety and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone metastases are often the cause of tumor-associated pain and reduction of quality of life. For patients that cannot be treated by surgery, a local minimally invasive therapy such as radiofrequency ablation can be a useful option. In cases in which tumorous masses are adjacent to vulnerable structures, the monopolar radiofrequency can cause severe neuronal damage because of the unpredictability of current flow.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to show that the bipolar radiofrequency ablation provides an opportunity to safely treat such spinal lesions because of precise predictability of the emerging ablation zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 36 patients undergoing treatment at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients in advanced tumor stage with primary or secondary tumor involvement of spine undergoing radiofrequency ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prediction of emerging ablation zone. Clinical outcome of treated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  X-ray-controlled treatment of 39 lesions by bipolar radiofrequency ablation. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed pre- and postinterventionally. Patients were observed clinically during their postinterventional stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extent of the ablation zones was predictable to the millimeter because it did not cross the peri-interventional planned dorsal and ventral boundaries in any case. No complications were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ablation of tumorous masses adjacent to vulnerable structures is feasible and predictable by using the bipolar radiofrequency ablation. Damage of neuronal structures can be avoided through precise prediction of the ablation area.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. Electronic address: angelos.gazis@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Angelos N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Gazis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beuing
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jöllenbeck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skalej
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Ablation zone; Bipolar radiofrequency ablation; Predictability; Safety; Spinal tumors