title: Catalytic hydrothermal upgradation of wheat husk.
abstract: Catalytic hydrothermal upgradation of wheat husk was performed at 280°C for 15 min in the presence of alkaline catalysts (KOH and K2CO3). The effect of alkaline catalysts on the yield of bio-oil products and composition of bio-oils obtained were discussed. Total bio-oil yield (31%) comprising of bio-oil1 (ether fraction) and bio-oil2 (acetone fraction) was maximum with K2CO3 solution. Powder XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis of wheat husk as well as bio-residue samples show that the peaks due to cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin become weak in bio-residue samples which suggest that these components have undergone hydrolytic cleavage/decomposition. The FTIR spectra of bio-oils indicate that the lignin in the wheat husk samples was decomposed to low molecular weight phenolic compounds. (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum of bio-oil1 shows more than 50% of the protons resonate in the up field region from 0.5 ppm to 3.0 ppm.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, India.
authors.forename: Rawel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Thallada
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
authors.forename: Sambha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dora
authors.forename: Bhavya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balagurumurthy
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D014866:Waste Products; D014867:Water
keywords: Biomass; Hot compressed water; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Subcritical water; Wheat husk