title: Feasibility and potential role of ferumoxytol-enhanced neuroimaging in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.
abstract: We assessed ferumoxytol-enhanced brain MRI to identify monocyte/macrophage accumulation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Four HIV-infected subjects with undetectable HIV RNA levels on antiretroviral therapy, HIV DNA level in CD14+ cells ≥10 copies/10(6) cells, and cognitive impairment underwent ferumoxytol-enhanced brain MRI. On post-ferumoxytol susceptibility-weighted images, all HIV-infected subjects demonstrated a diffuse "tram track" appearance in the perivascular regions of cortical and deep white matter vessels suggesting ferumoxytol uptake in monocytes/macrophages. This finding was not present in an HIV-seronegative control. While ferumoxytol may have potential as an imaging biomarker for monocyte/macrophage accumulation in patients with HAND, future study is needed.
authors.affiliation: Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA, beau_nakamoto@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Beau K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shikuma
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogata-Arakaki
authors.forename: Tracie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umaki
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Neuwelt
authors.forename: Bruce T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Shiramizu
authors.forename: Dominic C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Nisha I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Kalpana J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kallianpur
authors.forename: Bronwyn E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002465:Cell Movement; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide