title: Eicosapentaenoic acid modifies cytokine activity and inhibits cell proliferation in an oesophageal cancer cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and cell proliferation in a human oesophageal carcinoma cell line (TE-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 production in TE-1 cells in the presence or absence of EPA was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proliferation of TE-1 cells was determined by the WST-1 assay. TE-1 cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide to observe apoptosis. Immunohistochemical staining of NF-κB in TE-1 cells was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS increased IL-6 production in TE-1 cells, and EPA treatment prevented this effect. EPA treatment inhibited NF-κB activation and induced apoptosis of TE-1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPA inhibits NF-κB activation and IL-6 production in oesophageal cancer cells, their inducing apoptosis. These effects of EPA may be of benefit in improving the outcome of cancer surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0192, Japan. kubota@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: Haruaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Masahumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: Esophageal cancer; NF-κB; TE-1 cells; apoptosis; cytokines; eicosapentaenoic acid