title: The effects of two 10% carbamide peroxide nightguard bleaching agents, with and without desensitizer, on enamel and sensitivity: an in vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to compare the effects of two 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) agents with or without desensitizers on tooth sensitivity, colour and enamel morphological changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty subjects used a 10% carbamide peroxide gel with or without fluoride and potassium nitrate for 2 weeks. Sensitivity, spectrophotometric evaluation of colour and morphological analyses of replicas with scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed before and after treatment. All data were analysed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both bleaching agents induced sensitivity; however, the 10% CP bleaching agent with fluoride and potassium nitrate produced significantly lower sensitivity (P < 0.05) than the bleaching product without desensitizing agents. In spectrophotometric evaluation, no difference in bleaching effectiveness was found between the tested bleaching gels, and the SEM analysis confirmed the absence of relevant alterations of the enamel surface in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of 10% carbamide peroxide gel with fluoride and potassium nitrate reduced the incidence of sensitivity during the bleaching treatment compared to a bleaching agent that did not contain desensitizing agents. The bleaching effectiveness of the tested products was comparable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Navarra
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diolosà
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Casula
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Lenarda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breschi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadenaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003116:Color; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000145:classification / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010545:Peroxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016628:Replica Techniques; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents; D005782:Gels; D009566:Nitrates; D010545:Peroxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D005459:Fluorides; C023844:potassium nitrate
keywords: carbamide peroxide; dentinal sensitivity; enamel; fluoride; scanning electron microscope; tooth bleaching