title: [Renal arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in normal adults: a study with a 3.0 T scanner].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the renal relative blood flow value (rBFV) and image quality in normal adults using single-shot fast spin echo, flow sensitive invention recovery (SSFSE-FAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) sequence and echo planar imaging, and flow sensitive invention recovery (EPI-FAIR) MR sequence, and assess its value for clinical application in routine renal examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty volunteers (25 male and 15 female adults, aged 30 to 62 years) with normal renal function were included in this prospective study. All the subjects underwent 3.0 Tesla MR scanning using 3 MR scan modes, namely breath-holding EPI-FAIR, breath-holding SSFSE-FAIR and free breathing SSFSE-FAIR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSFSE-FAIR without breath-holding was capable of differentiating the renal cortex and medulla with the corresponding rBFVs of 111.48∓9.23 and 94.98∓3.38, respectively. Breath-holding SSFSE-FAIR and EPI-FAIR failed to distinguish the borders of the renal cortex and medulla. The EPI-FAIR rBFV of mixed cortex and medulla value was 178.50∓17.17 (95%CI: 167.59, 189.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breath-holding SSFSE-FAIR and EPI-FAIR can not distinguish the renal cortex and medulla due to a poor spatial resolution but can be used for rough evaluation of renal blood perfusion. Free breathing SSFSE-FAIR with an improved spatial resolution allows evaluation of the status of renal perfusion of the cortex and medulla.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hainan Branch of General Hospital of PLA, Sanya 572013, China. E-mail: fanzradiology@126.com.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012079:Renal Circulation