title: Cp*Co(III) catalysts with proton-responsive ligands for carbon dioxide hydrogenation in aqueous media.
abstract: New water-soluble pentamethylcyclopentadienyl cobalt(III) complexes with proton-responsive 4,4'- and 6,6'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine (4DHBP and 6DHBP, respectively) ligands have been prepared and were characterized by X-ray crystallography, UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. These cobalt(III) complexes with proton-responsive ligands predominantly exist in their deprotonated [Cp*Co(DHBP-2H(+))(OH2)] forms with stronger electron-donating properties in neutral and basic solutions, and are active catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation in aqueous bicarbonate media at moderate temperature under a total 4-5 MPa (CO2:H2 1:1) pressure. The cobalt complexes containing 4DHBP ligands ([1-OH2](2+) and [1-Cl](+), where 1 = Cp*Co(4DHBP)) display better thermal stability and exhibit notable catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation to formate in contrast to the catalytically inactive nonsubstituted bpy analogues [3-OH2](2+) (3 = Cp*Co(bpy)). While the catalyst Cp*Ir(6DHBP)(OH2)(2+) in which the pendent oxyanion lowers the barrier for H2 heterolysis via proton transfer through a hydrogen-bonding network involving a water molecule is remarkably effective (ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 856-860), cobalt complexes containing 6DHBP ligands ([2-OH2](2+) and [2-Cl](+), 2 = Cp*Co(6DHBP)) exhibit lower TOF and TON for CO2 hydrogenation than those with 4DHBP. The low activity is attributed to thermal instability during the hydrogenation of CO2 as corroborated by DFT calculations.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States.
authors.forename: Yosra M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Badiei
authors.forename: Wan-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jonathan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Szalda
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Muckerman
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Himeda
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005561:Formates; D006865:Hydrogenation; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005561:Formates; D008024:Ligands; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011522:Protons; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; C030544:formic acid; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003035:Cobalt