title: Percutaneous cryoablation for recurrent low grade renal cell carcinoma after failed nephron-sparing surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial nephrectomy has a 3%-4% incidence of local treatment failure. This study is to present a series of percutaneous cryoablation for locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma after partial nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five consecutive patients were referred to our quarternary center's multidisciplinary Small Renal Mass (SRM) Center for assessment after failure of partial nephrectomy. Tumor size and location was noted. CT-guided cryoablation was performed using an argon/helium-based system (Healthtronics, Austin, Texas, USA). Patients were admitted overnight for observation. Patients were followed with serial imaging, laboratory tests and examination at our SRM Center. Tumor size, location, and nephrometry scores were documented for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four tumors were endophytic and one was exophytic. The median tumor size was 2.2 cm (1.8 cm-4.0 cm). Nephrometry scores were 8a, 7x, 4p, 6x, 7p, and 6p prior to cryoablation. Median follow up after cryoablation was 32 months (20-39 months). One patient with a 4.0 cm endophytic tumor developed a second recurrence measuring 2.9 cm 13 months following ablation, which was managed successfully with repeat cryoablation with no evidence of disease after an additional 19 months of follow up. Two patients developed self-limited hematuria which was conservatively managed. There were no other complications, and all patients remained at their pretreatment performance status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous cryoablation appears to be a safe and effective nephron-sparing modality for control of locally recurrent disease following partial nephrectomy. Most recurrent tumors are endophytic. One patient suffered a second local recurrence, which was managed successfully with repeat cryoablation.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Nathan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.forename: Edouard J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Trabulsi
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Leonard G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gomella
authors.forename: Costas D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lallas
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D009399:Nephrons / Q000601:surgery*; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome