title: In vitro activities of antifungal drugs against dermatophytes isolated in Tokat, Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we aimed to establish the in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of terbinafine, miconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, and amphotericin B against dermatophyte isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-seven clinical isolates were tested: Trichophyton rubrum (n = 78), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 49), Epidermophyton floccosum (n = 30), Trichophyton verrucosum (n = 16), and Trichophyton tonsurans (n = 4). The broth microdilution assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines in the M38-A2 document.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results showed that the values for terbinafine for all dermatophyte isolates were significantly lower than the values for amphotericin B, miconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and griseofulvin. For T. rubrum isolates, amphotericin B was more active than miconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. Among the antifungal drugs tested, griseofulvin had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration values for T. mentagrophytes isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Terbinafine was found to be the most effective antifungal drug against all tested dermatophyte isolates. Griseofulvin was the less active antifungal drug against T. mentagrophytes isolates. Performing antifungal susceptibility testing is especially important for screening the development of antifungal resistance.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülgün
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yenişehirli
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tunçoğlu
authors.forename: Aydan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yenişehirli
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bulut
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D004821:Epidermophyton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077291:Terbinafine; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D017964:Itraconazole; D006118:Griseofulvin; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000077291:Terbinafine; D007654:Ketoconazole