title: Cavernoma-related epilepsy: review and recommendations for management--report of the Surgical Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies.
abstract: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are well-defined, mostly singular lesions present in 0.4-0.9% of the population. Epileptic seizures are the most frequent symptom in patients with CCMs and have a great impact on social function and quality of life. However, patients with CCM-related epilepsy (CRE) who undergo surgical resection achieve postoperative seizure freedom in only about 75% of cases. This is frequently because insufficient efforts are made to adequately define and resect the epileptogenic zone. The Surgical Task Force of the Commission on Therapeutics of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and invited experts reviewed the pertinent literature on CRE. Definitions of definitive and probable CRE are suggested, and recommendations regarding the diagnostic evaluation and etiology-specific management of patients with CRE are made. Prospective trials are needed to determine when and how surgery should be done and to define the relations of the hemosiderin rim to the epileptogenic zone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, University Hospital and Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenow
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alonso-Vanegas
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blümcke
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carreño
authors.forename: Elke R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gizewski
authors.forename: Hajo M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knake
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kahane
authors.forename: Hans O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Lüders
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Mathern
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Menzler
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozkara
authors.forename: Asla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Roper
authors.forename: Americo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sure
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Bernhard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Cavernous hemangioma; Epilepsy surgery; Etiology; Outcome; Risk factors