title: [Long term psychosocial outcomes of congenital heart disease in adolescents and young adults].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a chronic illness with a high frequency in the worldwide population, and is normally diagnosed at birth or in uterus. Because of better conditions in diagnosis and early medical and surgical treatment, patients have survival rates of 90% and go further and further in life, facing different challenges in life cycle. In this study, we tested the effects of different demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables on the perception of quality of life (QOL), on psychosocial adjustment (PSA) and psychiatric morbidity (PM) of adolescents and young adults with CHD. We aimed to evaluate QOL, PM and PSA of adolescents and young adults with CHD and to determine which variables (demographic, clinical, and psychosocial) play a role in buffering stress and promoting resilience and which ones have a detrimental effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 150 CHD patients (87 males and 63 females), 12 to 26 years (17.45±3.373 years). The participants were interviewed regarding social support, family educational style, self-image, demographic information and physical limitations. They responded to questions in a standardized psychiatric interview (SADS-L) and completed self-reports questionnaires for assessment of QOL (WHOQOL-BREF) and PSA (YSR/ASR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a 18.7% lifetime prevalence of psychopathology in our participants (25.4% in females and 13.8% in males). 57.1% had retentions in school (1.53±0.804 year). The perception of QOL of CHD patients is better compared to the Portuguese population in the social relationships, environmental, physical and general dimensions. However, it is worse in female CHD patients and patients with poor academic performance and social support as well as in patients with complex or cyanotic CHD, moderate-to-severe residual lesions and physical limitations, and undergoing surgery. All of these variables, except presence of cyanosis, are also associated to a worse PSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female patients and patients with poor academic performance and poor social support refer worse PSA and QOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude do Norte (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal. metega@sapo.pt.
authors.forename: Maria Emilia Guimãraes
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Areias
authors.forename: Catarina I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Patrícia F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Rosália
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Isabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quintas
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Areias
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult