title: A diet high in α-linolenic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids attenuates hepatic steatosis and alters hepatic phospholipid fatty acid profile in diet-induced obese rats.
abstract: This study investigated the efficacy of the plant-based n-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA), a dietary precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for modulating hepatic steatosis. Rats were fed high fat (55% energy) diets containing high oleic canola oil, canola oil, a canola/flax oil blend (C/F, 3:1), safflower oil, soybean oil, or lard. After 12 weeks, C/F and weight-matched (WM) groups had 20% less liver lipid. Body mass, liver weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and molecular markers of fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, desaturation and elongation did not account for this effect. The C/F group had the highest total n-3 and EPA in hepatic phospholipids (PL), as well as one of the highest DHA and lowest arachidonic acid (n-6) concentrations. In conclusion, the C/F diet with the highest content of the plant-based n-3 ALA attenuated hepatic steatosis and altered the hepatic PL fatty acid profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zahradka
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mohankumar
authors.forename: Jaime L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Carla G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D014280:Triglycerides; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D008043:Linseed Oil
keywords: (ACC1); (ACOX1); (ALA); (ALT); (AST); (DHA); (DIO); (EPA); (HOMA-IR); (MCP-1); (MUFA); (NAFLD); (PL); (PPAR-α); (PUFA); (SFA); (SREBP-1c); (TAG); Diet-induced obese rats; Hepatic steatosis; MUFA; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; acetyl-CoA oxidase 1; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; diet-induced obese; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; monounsaturated fatty acids; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; n−3 fatty acids; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α; phospholipids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; saturated fatty acids; sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; triacylglycerols; α-linolenic acid