title: Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in survival of heat shock.
abstract: The heat-shock response in cells, involving increased transcription of a specific set of genes in response to a sudden increase in temperature, is a highly conserved biological response occurring in all organisms. Despite considerable attention to the processes activated during heat shock, less is known about the role of genes in survival of a sudden temperature increase. Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in the maintenance of heat-shock resistance in exponential and stationary phase were identified by screening the homozygous diploid deletants in nonessential genes and the heterozygous diploid mutants in essential genes for survival after a sudden shift in temperature from 30 to 50°. More than a thousand genes were identified that led to altered sensitivity to heat shock, with little overlap between them and those previously identified to affect thermotolerance. There was also little overlap with genes that are activated or repressed during heat-shock, with only 5% of them regulated by the heat-shock transcription factor. The target of rapamycin and protein kinase A pathways, lipid metabolism, vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, vacuolar protein sorting, and mitochondrial genome maintenance/translation were critical to maintenance of resistance. Mutants affected in l-tryptophan metabolism were heat-shock resistant in both growth phases; those affected in cytoplasmic ribosome biogenesis and DNA double-strand break repair were resistant in stationary phase, and in mRNA catabolic processes in exponential phase. Mutations affecting mitochondrial genome maintenance were highly represented in sensitive mutants. The cell division transcription factor Swi6p and Hac1p involved in the unfolded protein response also play roles in maintenance of heat-shock resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020 Austria.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarolim
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayer
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: Allison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phrakaysone
authors.forename: Gabriel G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breitenbach
authors.forename: Ian W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Dawes
mesh_terms: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D009154:Mutation; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016615:Telomere; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C091341:HAC1 protein, S cerevisiae; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C075111:SWI6 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014364:Tryptophan; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: DNA repair; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; genome-wide screen; heat shock; tryptophan metabolism