title: A comparison of functional brain changes associated with surgical versus behavioral weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined brain changes in response to effective weight loss; none have compared different methods of weight-loss intervention. Functional brain changes associated with a behavioral weight loss intervention to those associated with bariatric surgery were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen obese participants were recruited prior to adjustable gastric banding surgery and 16 obese participants were recruited prior to a behavioral diet intervention. Groups were matched for demographics and amount of weight lost. Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (visual food motivation paradigm while hungry and following a meal) were conducted before and 12 weeks after surgery/behavioral intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to bariatric patients in the premeal analyses, behavioral dieters showed increased activation to food images in right medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and left precuneus following weight loss. When compared to behavioral dieters, bariatric patients showed increased activation in bilateral temporal cortex following weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioral dieters showed increased responses to food cues in medial PFC-a region associated with valuation and processing of self-referent information-when compared to bariatric patients. Bariatric patients showed increased responses to food cues in brain regions associated with higher level perception-when compared to behavioral dieters. The method of weight loss determines unique changes in brain function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Abigail R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lepping
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malley
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Trisha M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Patrician
authors.forename: Florence J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Cary R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Savage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003463:Cues; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015431:Weight Loss