title: Use of exenatide and liraglutide in Denmark: a drug utilization study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to characterise the utilization of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues exenatide and liraglutide in Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Danish National Prescription Registry, we extracted all prescriptions for either liraglutide or exenatide twice-daily in the period 1 April 2007 to 31 December 2012. Using descriptive statistics, we calculated incidence rates, prevalence proportions, daily consumption, and concomitant drug use. For a subset of users we included data from other registries and characterised the baseline characteristics of incident users of GLP-1 analogues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 21,561 and 2,354 users of liraglutide and exenatide respectively. From market entry in 2009 liraglutide showed an increasing prevalence reaching 2.4 per thousand inhabitants in 2012. Exenatide ranged between 0.01 and 0.25 per thousand inhabitants from 2007 to 2012. Treatment intensity showed geographical variation ranging from 1.84per thousand inhabitants to 3.22 per thousand inhabitants for liraglutide. Average doses were 1.34 mg/day (liraglutide) and 16.4 μg/day (exenatide). Treatment initiation was most often performed by a hospital physician and was not associated with any changes in concomitant treatment with antihypertensives, cholesterol-lowering drugs or anticoagulants. Of liraglutide and exenatide users, 38 % and 43 % also used insulin. Low kidney function (eGFR < 30 ml/min) was found in 10.1 % and 9.0 % of users of liraglutide and exenatide respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preferred GLP-1 analogue in Denmark is liraglutide. Certain aspects of the utilization of GLP-1 analogues, such as large regional differences and concomitant use of GLP-1 analogues and insulin, warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløwsvej 19, 2, 5000, Odense C, Denmark, apottegaard@health.sdu.dk.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pottegård
authors.forename: Bine Kjøller
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Bjerregaard
authors.forename: Michael Due
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Kasper Søltoft
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallas
authors.forename: Filip K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Knop
authors.forename: Søren Ilsøe
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003718:Denmark; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide