title: 25th anniversary article: Chemically modified/doped carbon nanotubes & graphene for optimized nanostructures & nanodevices.
abstract: Outstanding pristine properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene have limited the scope for real-life applications without precise controllability of the material structures and properties. This invited article to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Advanced Materials reviews the current research status in the chemical modification/doping of carbon nanotubes and graphene and their relevant applications with optimized structures and properties. A broad aspect of specific correlations between chemical modification/doping schemes of the graphitic carbons with their novel tunable material properties is summarized. An overview of the practical benefits from chemical modification/doping, including the controllability of electronic energy level, charge carrier density, surface energy and surface reactivity for diverse advanced applications is presented, namely flexible electronics/optoelectronics, energy conversion/storage, nanocomposites, and environmental remediation, with a particular emphasis on their optimized interfacial structures and properties. Future research direction is also proposed to surpass existing technological bottlenecks and realize idealized graphitic carbon applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Institute for Basic Science, (IBS), Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Uday Narayan
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Maiti
authors.forename: Won Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ju Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youngtak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jongwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Tae Hee
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sang Ouk
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: carbon nanotubes; doping; functionalization; graphene; nanodevices