title: Needle-free delivery of an inactivated avian influenza H5N3 virus vaccine elicits potent antibody responses in chickens.
abstract: A needle-free delivery system was assessed as a route for providing quick, safe, and effective vaccination against avian influenza (AI). Two groups of chickens were vaccinated with a commercially available inactivated H5N3 virus vaccine delivered either with a needle-free device or with the conventional syringe-and-needle method recommended by the vaccine manufacturer. The kinetic aspects of seroconversion, peak antibody levels, and antibody titers were measured by a combination of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the hemagglutination-inhibition test and were all found to be similar in the 2 groups of chickens. We conclude that the needle-free delivery system could result in effective immunization against H5N1 AI epidemics and pandemics in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8P9 (Ogunremi); National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Pasick, Berhane).
authors.forename: Oladele
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogunremi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pasick
authors.forename: Yohannes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berhane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007700:Kinetics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated