title: A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Chronic inflammation induced by endotoxin from a dysbiotic gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Modification of gut microbiota by a diet to balance its composition becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. A dietary scheme based on whole grains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods, and prebiotics (WTP diet) was designed to meet human nutritional needs as well as balance the gut microbiota. Ninety-three of 123 central obese volunteers (BMI ≥ 28 kg m(-2) ) completed a self-controlled clinical trial consisting of 9-week intervention on WTP diet followed by a 14-week maintenance period. The average weight loss reached 5.79 ± 4.64 kg (6.62 ± 4.94%), in addition to improvement in insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. Pyrosequencing of fecal samples showed that phylotypes related to endotoxin-producing opportunistic pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae were reduced significantly, while those related to gut barrier-protecting bacteria of Bifidobacteriaceae increased. Gut permeability, measured as lactulose/mannitol ratio, was decreased compared with the baseline. Plasma endotoxin load as lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was also significantly reduced, with concomitant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and an increase in adiponectin. These results suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota via dietary intervention may enhance the intestinal barrier integrity, reduce circulating antigen load, and ultimately ameliorate the inflammation and metabolic phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shuiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Linghua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Baorang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Menghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chenhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhengsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Feiyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Naisi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenmin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D064307:Microbiota; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007792:Lactulose; D008353:Mannitol; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
keywords: chronic inflammation; dietary intervention; gut microbiota; metabolic syndrome