title: Sympathetic ophthalmia in pediatric age group: clinical features and challenges in management in a tertiary center in southern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical features and visual outcome of sympathetic ophthalmia in pediatric patients attending a tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patients ≤16 years with sympathetic ophthalmia seen during the period 2001-2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this period, 2511 pediatric patients with open globe injuries and 14 patients with sympathetic ophthalmia were seen. Six patients developed sympathetic ophthalmia during follow-up here. The incidence rate of sympathetic ophthalmia is 0.24% (6/2511, 95% CI:0.05-0.43%). The commonest presenting signs were anterior uveitis and exudative detachment. All patients were treated with systemic steroids, while 7 patients received additional immunosuppressive therapy. Eight patients had a follow-up of more than 6 months. Mean presenting best-corrected visual acuity (1.25 ± 1.03 logMAR) in the sympathizing eye improved significant following treatment (0.42 ± 0.80 logMAR, p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia was 0.24%. Appropriate immunosuppression can lead to favorable visual outcomes in the sympathizing eye.
authors.affiliation: Srimati. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India .
authors.forename: Kshitiz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: Somasheila I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Subhadra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.forename: Virender
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sangwan
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reddy Pappuru
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pathangay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009879:Ophthalmia, Sympathetic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Exudative retinal detachment; immunosuppression; panuveitis; pediatric; sympathetic ophthalmia