title: One, two or three port appendectomy - a rational approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe and feasible technique accepted by many surgeons as the gold standard approach for the treatment of acute appendicitis in children. Traditionally laparoscopic appendectomy requires the use of three ports. However, surgical techniques with fewer ports have been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy in children according to the proposed 3-step protocol using one, two or three ports.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 children with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. Patients were treated according to the following protocol: transumbilical access with one 10 mm port using the laparoscope with working channel. The appendix was mobilized and delivered through the umbilical port and tied extracorporeally and removed. If the appendix was placed retrocecally or had adhesions, a second port was introduced. The appendix was mobilized and finally retrieved from the abdominal cavity through the camera port, and resected extracorporeally. In the cases of very short and gangrenous appendix and immobile colon, a third port was introduced and totally intra-abdominal appendectomy was performed. Patients were evaluated regarding the duration of the operation, and operative and postoperative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period 100 children (58 males, 42 females) had laparoscopic appendectomy: 48 children by one-port technique (group I), 27 children by two-port technique (group II) and 25 children by three-port technique (group III). The mean operative time was 33 min (20-55 min) in group I, 39 min in group II (23-60 min), and 49 min (30-75 min) in group III. There were no intraoperative complications. Wound infections were recorded in 4 (8.3%) patients in group I, three (11.1%) in group II and four (16.0%) in group III. One patient in group III developed an abdominal abscess managed conservatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-port laparoscopic appendectomy is a feasible technique in children. It allows 48% of children to have the operation. The addition of a second port allows one to mobilize the appendix and perform extracorporeal resection in an additional 27% of cases. These approaches have shorter operative time compared to 3-port technique. Laparoscopic extracorporeal appendectomy, especially one-port, is found to be cost effective and have excellent cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Urology for Children and Adolescents, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gołębiewski
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Losin
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murawski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiejek
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lubacka
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czauderna
keywords: appendectomy; laparoscopy; one port; transumbilical