title: Does it matter how I perceive my nation? National symbols, national identification and attitudes toward immigrants.
abstract: We examined how the ways of imagining one's own nation relate to the relationship between national identification and individuals' attitudes towards immigrants. National imagination is studied through two types of national symbols representing the nation in terms of confrontation between groups (i.e., war and sports) and a unique entity (i.e., nature and traditional culture). We found that national identification was positively associated with the degree to which individuals perceived their nation through a historical war and sports, which, in turn, enhanced negative attitudes toward immigrants. Unexpectedly, the degree to which individuals perceived their nation through nature and traditional culture was positively associated with positive intergroup attitudes. The results emphasize that the degree to which individuals perceive their nation through different national symbols is an important factor for understanding intergroup relations.
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Eerika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Finell
authors.forename: Antero
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olakivi
authors.forename: Karmela
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liebkind
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipsanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003469:Culture; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D011287:Prejudice; D012933:Social Identification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: National identity; content of national identity; intergroup attitudes; national identification; national symbols