title: Age-related defects in erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate metabolism in dementia.
abstract: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common dementing illness. Metabolic defects in the brain with aging contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. These changes can be found systematically and thus can be used as potential biomarkers. Erythrocytes (RBCs) are passive "reporter cells" that are not well studied in AD. In the present study, we analyzed an array of glycolytic and related enzymes and intermediates in RBCs from patients with AD and non-Alzheimer dementia (NA), age-matched controls (AC) and young adult controls (YC). AD is characterized by higher activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and bisphosphoglycerate mutase and bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase in RBCs. In our study, we observed that glycolytic and related enzymes displayed significantly lower activities in AC. However, similar or significantly higher activities were observed in AD and NA groups as compared to YC group. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels were significantly decreased in AD and NA patients. The pattern of changes between groups in the above indices strongly correlates with each other. Collectively, our data suggested that AD and NA patients are associated with chronic disturbance of 2,3-DPG metabolism in RBCs. These defects may play a pivotal role in physiological processes, which predispose elderly subjects to AD and NA.
authors.affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
authors.forename: Yury G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kaminsky
authors.forename: V Prakash
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ghulam Md
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: Ausaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Valery V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Benberin
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kosenko
authors.forename: Gjumrakch
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aliev
keywords: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate; erythrocyte; glycolysis; late onset Alzheimer disease; non-Alzheimer’s dementia; oxygen affinity of hemoglobin