title: Cardiovascular comorbidities in antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by venous and/or arterial thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss and the presence of antiphospholid antibodies. Among the causes of death of antiphospholipid syndrome there are the myocardial infarction and stroke. Comorbidities could worsen the evolution of these patients, and the knowledge about these situations could prevent or minimizethe risks associated with the disease. In this article, we review the literature about cardiovascular comorbidities, such as traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency, and how these could influence the prognosis of antiphospholipid syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil and Curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará - CESUPA, Belém-PA Brazil.
authors.forename: Cezar A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Muniz Caldas
authors.forename: Jozélio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freire de Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors