title: Comparison of protective effects of safflor injection and extract of Ginkgo biloba on lung ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the protective effects of safflor Injection (SI) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and investigate its mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo rabbit model of LIRI was reconstructed. Forty rabbits were randomly and equally divided into four groups: sham-operation group (sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (model group), ischemia-reperfusion plus SI group (safflor group) and ischemia-reperfusion plus EGB injection group (EGB group). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in serum were measured. The wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung tissue and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also tested. Ultrastructure change of the lung tissue was observed by the electron microscope. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the model group, MDA and XO increased and SOD decreased in serum compared with the sham group (P<0.01). The values of W/D, MPO and ICAM-1 of the model group were higher than those of the sham group (P<0.01), but those of the safflor group and EGB group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.01). The IHC demonstrated that ICAM-1 expression in lung tissue of the model group was significantly higher than those of the safflor group (P<0.01). Compared with safflor group, in the EGB group MDA, XO, MPO decreased, SOD and ICAM-1 expression increased (P<0.05), but the change of W/D was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SI and EGB may attenuate LIRI through antioxidation, inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and down-regulation of ICAM-1 expression. But EGB had more effect on the antioxidation, while SI did better on regulating ICAM-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-xi
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Bo-liang
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-zhan
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yue-xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yan-yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Jian-bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qian-feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Li-na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zhai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007267:Injections; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012450:Safflower Oil; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase