title: Conjugated linoleate reduces prostate cancer viability whereas the effects of oleate and stearate are cell line-dependent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, responses to fatty acid treatments in commonly used prostate cancer cell culture models and variability of gene expression between them were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC3, DU145, LNCaP, VCaP and PNT2 cells were treated with 100 μM of either oleate, stearate or conjugated linoleate. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed using trypan blue and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay respectively. Gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conjugated linoleic acid reduced cell proliferation and viability in all prostate cancer cell lines, whilst the effects of oleic and stearic acid on proliferation were found to be cell line-dependent. A reduction in gene expression of fatty acid desaturases was observed in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal prostate cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential responses of the cell lines investigated here to fatty acid treatment suggest that multiple prostate cancer cell line models should be used when designing experiments aimed at examining lipid metabolism in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: University of the West of England, Bristol, U.K. Tel: +44 1173282102, Rachel.Hagen@uwe.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ladomery
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D047495:PPAR gamma; D013229:Stearic Acids; D019301:Oleic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; C518729:FASN protein, human; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
keywords: Prostate cancer; fatty acids; linoleate; proliferation