title: Dietary quality indices vary with sociodemographic variables and anthropometric status among Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study. Results from the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the dietary quality of Mexican adults' diet, we constructed three dietary quality indices: a cardioprotective index (CPI), a micronutrient adequacy index (MAI) and a dietary diversity index (DDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey, which is a national survey representative of the Mexican population with a stratified, multistage, probabilistic sample design. Dietary intake was assessed from an FFQ with 101 different foods and daily nutrient intakes were computed. The CPI evaluated compliance with seven WHO recommendations for the prevention of CVD, the MAI evaluated the intake of six micronutrients based on the estimated average requirements from the US Institute of Medicine and the DDI was constructed based on the consumption of thirty different food groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mexican adults aged 19-59 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated the diet of 15 675 males and females. Adjusted means and adjusted proportions by age and sex were computed to predict adherence to dietary recommendations. Rural inhabitants, those living in the South and those from the lowest socio-economic status reported a significantly higher CPI (4·5 (se 0·08), 4·3 (se 0·08) and 4·2 (se 0·09), respectively; P < 0·05), but a significantly lower MAI and DDI, compared with urban inhabitants, those from the North and those of upper socio-economic status (P < 0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The constructed diet quality indices identify nutrients and foods whose recommended intakes are not adequately consumed by the population. Given the epidemiological and nutritional transition that Mexico is experiencing, the CPI is the most relevant index and its components should be considered in Mexican dietary guidelines as well as in any food and nutrition programmes developed.
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Nutrition and Health,National Institute of Public Health,Av. Universidad 655,Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México CP62508.
authors.forename: Xochitl
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Nutrition and Health,National Institute of Public Health,Av. Universidad 655,Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México CP62508.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Nutrition and Health,National Institute of Public Health,Av. Universidad 655,Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México CP62508.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mundo-Rosas
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Nutrition and Health,National Institute of Public Health,Av. Universidad 655,Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México CP62508.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shamah
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Nutrition and Health,National Institute of Public Health,Av. Universidad 655,Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México CP62508.
authors.forename: Simón
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barquera
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Nutrition and Health,National Institute of Public Health,Av. Universidad 655,Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán,Cuernavaca,Morelos,México CP62508.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: González de Cossio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012424:Rural Population; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients