title: Effect of telmisartan on levels of IL-1, TNF-α, down-regulated COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and RANKL/RANK in an experimental periodontitis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of telmisartan (TELM) on inflammation, oxidation and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the expression RANKL/RANK/OPG in the periodontal tissue of a rat model for ligature-induced periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each: (i) non-ligated, given water; (ii) ligated, given water; (iii) ligated, given 1 mg/kg TELM; (iv) ligated, given 5 mg/kg TELM; and (v) ligated, given 10 mg/kg TELM. All groups were treated with saline or TELM for 10 days. Periodontal tissue was analysed by histopathology; by the immunohistochemical examination of COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway; and by ELISA analysis of the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with 10 mg/kg TELM resulted in reduced concentrations of MPO, MDA (p < 0.05) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (p < 0.05); reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, RANK, RANKL and COX-2; and an increase in OPG. The levels of TNF-α were significantly reduced in all TELM-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm the involvement of TELM in reducing the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
authors.affiliation: Post graduation Program Public Health/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aurigena A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Tatiana O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Lígia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Gerly A C
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Karoline S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Aragão
authors.forename: Lorena S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Caroline A X
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Maria S C F
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Raimundo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000077333:Telmisartan; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C506032:Tnfrsf11b protein, rat; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522363:Mmp2 protein, rat; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C572337:Mmp9 protein, rat; D005978:Glutathione; D000077333:Telmisartan
keywords: anti-inflammatory; bone loss; periodontitis model; telmisartan