title: Characterization of genotypes among bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 strains according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the genomic 5'-untranslated region.
abstract: Two-hundred and eighty-one strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) were evaluated according to the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (PNS) method, a simple and practical genotyping procedure, at the three variable loci, V1, V2 and V3, in the 5'-untranslated region of genomic RNA. Ten PNSs were characteristic to the Pestivirus genus, located in the V1 and V2 loci. The BVDV-1 species shared a U-A pairing, a species-characteristic PNS, in position fifteen common to the V1 locus, and a G-C pairing in position five common to the V2 and V3 loci. Within the BVDV-1 species, 15 genotypes, BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, BVDV-1c, BVDV-1d, and the newly described from BVDV-1e to BVDV-1o were identified based on characteristic nucleotide base pairings. The nomenclature reflected the genotypes' level of divergence within the species. Genotypes BVDV-1l, BVDV-1m and BVDV-1o were borderline in the species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan. Electronic address: giangasp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giangaspero
authors.forename: Ryô
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harasawa
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000821:virology; D002417:Cattle; D030241:Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions
keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1; Genotypes; Palindromic nucleotide substitutions; Pestivirus