title: High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong determinant of morbidity and mortality. In athletes and the general population, it is established that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving CRF. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the efficacy and safety of HIIT compared to MICT in individuals with chronic cardiometabolic lifestyle diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The included studies were required to have a population sample of chronic disease, where poor lifestyle is considered as a main contributor to the disease. The procedural quality of the studies was assessed by use of a modified Physiotherapy Evidence Base Database (PEDro) scale. A meta-analysis compared the mean difference (MD) of preintervention versus postintervention CRF (VO2peak) between HIIT and MICT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10 studies with 273 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Participants had coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity. There was a significantly higher increase in the VO2peak after HIIT compared to MICT (MD 3.03 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 2.00 to 4.07), equivalent to 9.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIIT significantly increases CRF by almost double that of MICT in patients with lifestyle-induced chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Kassia S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, KG Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wisløff
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coombes
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: Aerobic Fitness/Vo2 Max; Cardiovascular; Exercise Physiology; Statistical Review