title: Hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides with different molecular weight of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to evaluate the antidiabetic activity and to detect molecular size of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide (PHP). Pseudostellaria heterophylla is a medicine extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas to treat diabetes and its complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular weight of PHP was determined by gel permeation chromatography combined with phenol-sulphuric acid method and the monosaccharides composition was determined by HPLC with a precolumn derivatization. Four polysaccharides with different molecular weight were compared for hypoglycemic active on two animal models both high does alloxan induced type1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) and high-fat/lower does streptozotocin induced type2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Blood sugar, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were detected. Rat serum IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, Leptin, TNF-α, Acrp30 and CRP were also analyzed by sandwich-ELISA approaches to preliminary probe the hypoglycemic mechanism of PHP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hypoglycemic effects related to molecular size of polysaccharide were more effective against T2DM than T1DM. PHP comprise four monosaccharides of galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinos. T2DM rats daily receiving oral dose of polysaccharide(100 ~ 400 mg/kg) with 50 ~ 210 kDa molecular weight (PF40) could not only significantly lower blood sugar but also reduce total triglyceride level in serum. PF40 improves in insulin tolerance inhibited the expression of some biomarkers including inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, regulated adiponectin Acrp30 and leptin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PF40 prevent the cascade of inflammatory events in the treatment of T2DM to block overweight progresses to obesity.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Drug Research, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Wusi north Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350003, People's Republic of China. huj@fjtcm.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shaowei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Zhenzhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D029748:Caryophyllaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10