title: Refining a complex diagnostic construct: subtyping Dysthymia with the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether meaningful subtypes of Dysthymic patients could be identified when grouping them by similar personality profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random, national sample of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists (n=1201) described a randomly selected current patient with personality pathology using the descriptors in the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-II (SWAP-II), completed assessments of patients' adaptive functioning, and provided DSM-IV Axis I and II diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We applied Q-factor cluster analyses to those patients diagnosed with Dysthymic Disorder. Four clusters were identified-High Functioning, Anxious/Dysphoric, Emotionally Dysregulated, and Narcissistic. These factor scores corresponded with a priori hypotheses regarding diagnostic comorbidity and level of adaptive functioning. We compared these groups to diagnostic constructs described and empirically identified in the past literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results converge with past and current ideas about the ways in which chronic depression and personality are related and offer an enhanced means by which to understand a heterogeneous diagnostic category that is empirically grounded and clinically useful.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Michigan University, Department of Psychology, 361A Mark Jefferson Science Complex, Ypsilanti MI 48197, United States.. Electronic address: shuprich@emich.edu.
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Huprich
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Defife
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westen
mesh_terms: D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics
keywords: Dysthymia; Personality; SWAP