title: The effectiveness of multimedia visual perceptual training groups for the preschool children with developmental delay.
abstract: This study compared the effectiveness of three approaches to improving visual perception among preschool children 4-6 years old with developmental delays: multimedia visual perceptual group training, multimedia visual perceptual individual training, and paper visual perceptual group training. A control group received no special training. This study employed a pretest-posttest control group of true experimental design. A total of 64 children 4-6 years old with developmental delays were randomized into four groups: (1) multimedia visual perceptual group training (15 subjects); (2) multimedia visual perceptual individual training group (15 subjects); paper visual perceptual group training (19 subjects); and (4) a control group (15 subjects) with no visual perceptual training. Forty minute training sessions were conducted once a week for 14 weeks. The Test of Visual Perception Skills, third edition, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Paired-samples t-test showed significant differences pre- and post-test among the three groups, but no significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-test scores among the control group. ANOVA results showed significant differences in improvement levels among the four study groups. Scheffe post hoc test results showed significant differences between: group 1 and group 2; group 1 and group 3; group 1 and the control group; and group 2 and the control group. No significant differences were reported between group 2 and group 3, and group 3 and the control group. The results showed all three therapeutic programs produced significant differences between pretest and posttest scores. The training effect on the multimedia visual perceptual group program and the individual program was greater than the developmental effect Both the multimedia visual perceptual group training program and the multimedia visual perceptual individual training program produced significant effects on visual perception. The multimedia visual perceptual group training program was more effective for improving visual perception than was multimedia visual perceptual individual training program. The multimedia visual perceptual group training program was more effective than was the paper visual perceptual group training program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chin-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ta-Sen
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chi-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yee-Pay
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wuang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019212:Multimedia; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: Developmental delay; Group therapy; Multimedia; Visual perception