title: Chick chorioallantoic membrane model for in ovo evaluation of timolol maleate-brimonidine tartrate ocular inserts.
abstract: The main aspire of this study was to develop ocular drug delivery system for dual drug glaucoma therapy by timolol maleate-brimonidine tartrate and endeavor the possibility of biocompatibility studies by in ova studies. Matrix type, both hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers, and reservoir-type ocular inserts of timolol maleate were prepared using hydrophilic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K4M and lipophilic polymers like ethylcellulose and eudragit S100 and were optimized. Based on the optimized formulation, triple-layered ocular inserts (reservoir type) of dual drug were prepared by solvent casting technique with an objective of reducing the frequency of administration, obtaining controlled release and greater therapeutic efficacy, preservative free dosage form for the treatment of glaucoma. FTIR spectral studies revealed no pharmaceutical incompatibility and no drug polymer interactions. Maximum drug release (99.18 ± 1.7) was achieved when PVP and HPMC K4M in 1:1 ratio with PEG 400 (0.3 ml) drug reservoir layer was sandwiched between ethyl cellulose as rate control membrane up to 32 h in a controlled fashion. Drug release was by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism for single drug formulation. But in dual drug insert, timolol maleate best fit into zero order and for brimonidine tartrate to Higuchi model and diffusion of drugs from this by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. In ovo studies suggested that the optimized formulation was found to be sterile, biocompatible and physicochemically stable and support us to claim that the developed formulation was biocompatible.
authors.affiliation: Novel Formulation Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Nalanda College of Pharmacy, Nalgonda , Andhra Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Vinod Kombath
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.forename: Swathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Repala
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subadhra
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Appapurapu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D065587:Ocular Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D013999:Timolol
keywords: Brimonidine tartrate; glaucoma; in ovo; matrix; ocular inserts; reservoir; timolol maleate