title: PVC flooring at home and development of asthma among young children in Sweden, a 10-year follow-up.
abstract: The incidence of asthma and allergy has increased throughout the developed world over the past decades. During the same period of time, the use of industrial chemicals such as phthalates, commonly used as plasticizers in polyvinylchloride (PVC) flooring material, has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PVC flooring in the home of children in the age of 1-5 years is associated with the development of asthma in 5- and 10-year follow-up investigations (n = 3228). Dampness in Buildings and Health Study (DBH Study) commenced in 2000 in Värmland, Sweden. The current analyses included subjects who answered all baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were applied to questionnaire results. Children who had PVC floorings in the bedroom at baseline were more likely to develop doctor-diagnosed asthma during the following 10-year period when compared with children living without. There were indications that PVC flooring in the parents' bedrooms was strongly associated with the new cases of doctor-diagnosed asthma when compared with child's bedroom. Our results suggest that PVC flooring exposure during pregnancy could be a critical period in the development of asthma in children at a later time; prenatal exposure and measurements of phthalate metabolites should be included in the future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has found that PVC flooring material in early life was related to incidence of asthma during the following 10 years when compared with other flooring materials and especially when comparing with wood flooring type.The study has further indicated that PVC flooring in the parents’ bedroom (proxy for prenatal exposure) was more associated with the development of asthma than PVC in the child’s bedroom was. Our results suggest that PVC flooring exposure during pregnancy could be a critical period in the development of asthma in children at a later time. In future prospective cohort study, prenatal exposure and measurements of phthalate metabolites should be included.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nånberg
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Bornehag
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid
keywords: Allergy; Asthma; Children; Dampness in Buildings and Health Study; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Incidence; Longitudinal; Phthalates; Polyvinylchloride flooring