title: Peri-implantational in vivo and in vitro embryo-trophoblast development after perigestational alcohol exposure in the CD-1 mouse.
abstract: Long-term pregestational ethanol exposure induced altered fertilization and preimplantation embryogenesis. We evaluated preimplantational embryo-trophoblast differentiation, growth and invasiveness after perigestational ethanol 10% ingestion for 15 days preceding and up to day 4 (treated females [TF]: TF-D4 group) or 5 (TF-D5) of CD-1 gestation (control females [CF] with water). In TF-D4, expanded and hatched blastocyst numbers were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) versus CF-D4. Abnormal embryos and percentage of pyknotic nuclei were increased, and early blastocyst growth (nuclear number/embryo) and mitotic index was reduced (p < 0.05) versus CF-D4. On day 5 of gestation, TF-D5 presented significantly reduced total embryos and advanced embryo type 3 number versus CF-D5 (p < 0.05). During in vitro development, up to 72-hour culture, TF-D5 had reduced embryo type 1 (the least developed) and 3 percentages (p < 0.05) versus controls, whereas embryo type 2 percentage increased (p < 0.05) versus CF-D5. Embryo-trophoblast growth was studied during culture by morphometry. Embryo size ranges were classified as small, medium and large embryos. At 48-hour culture, small and medium embryos of TF had significantly increased mean area versus CF (p < 0.05), whereas large embryos had reduced mean area at 24-hour culture. Perigestational alcohol exposure up to days 4-5 induced embryo differentiation retardation, abnormal blastocyst growth and alterations of embryo-trophoblast growth and expansion during implantation, suggesting impaired regulation of trophoblast invasion and a relation with early pregnancy loss after mouse perigestational alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Reproducción y Fisiopatología Materno-Embrionaria, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología sMolecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) , Buenos Aires , Argentina and.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérez-Tito
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cebral
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects*; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*