title: Prenatal food allergen exposures and odds of childhood peanut, tree nut, or sesame seed sensitization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of peanut (PN) and tree nut (TN) allergy in children has tripled in the past decade. Prenatal exposures, including maternal diet and medications, may account for some of this increase. In the United States, progesterone for luteal support in assisted reproduction is commonly formulated in PN or sesame seed (SS) oil.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether prenatal exposure to PN or SS oil as progesterone in oil increases the child's odds of PN, TN, or SS allergy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 1,272 children evaluated by allergists from May 2005 through October 2009 completed questionnaires on conception, prenatal exposures, dietary history, and allergic history, with review of the child's medical record and skin prick and specific IgE test results. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable adjusted logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children of mothers with a history of infertility, in vitro fertilization, or use of progesterone in oil did not have increased odds of PN, TN, and/or SS sensitization. Maternal consumption of TNs during first 2 trimesters was associated with 60% higher odds of having a PN/TN/SS-sensitized child (95% confidence interval 1.01-2.51), with similarly increased odds with maternal SS ingestion. Odds of PN/TN/SS sensitization were doubled in children with asthma or environmental allergies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither maternal infertility nor exposure to PN or SS oils through progesterone support during assisted reproduction treatment was associated with increased odds of PN/TN/SS sensitization in the child. However, maternal ingestion of TNs and SS during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of PN/TN/SS sensitization in the child.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Program, Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: joyce.hsu@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Joyce T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Missmer
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Katharine F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Twarog
authors.forename: Irene B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hornstein
authors.forename: Lynda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D021184:Nut Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D021183:Peanut Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011374:Progesterone; D031685:Sesamum / Q000276:immunology*; D012882:Skin Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone