title: Avermectin induced inflammation damage in king pigeon brain.
abstract: To determine the effect of Avermectin (AVM) on inflammation damage in king pigeon brain, eighty two-month-old American king pigeons were randomly divided into four groups, and were fed with either commercial diet or AVM-supplemented diet containing 20 mg kg(-1)diet, 40 mg kg(-1)diet, and 60 mg kg(-1)diet AVM for 30, 60 and 90 d, respectively. Then, the expression level of inflammatory factors (iNOS, PTGEs, NF-κB), histological damage, and ultra-structural damage were examined. It showed that AVM caused higher expressions (P<0.05) of iNOS, PTGEs, NF-κB with disorganized histological and ultra-structural structures in cerebrum, cerebellum, and optic lobe. Meanwhile, inflammatory and histopathological damage were induced by AVM in king pigeon brains. In addition, the main targeted organelle in nervous system was mitochondria, which indicated that mitochondria may be relevant to the process of inflammation induced by AVM. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to study the toxic effect of AVM on inflammatory damage in king pigeon. Thus, the information presented in this study is believed to be helpful in supplementing data for further AVM toxicity study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China.
authors.forename: Li-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bao-Hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jian Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010856:Columbidae; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007559:Ivermectin; C019264:avermectin; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Avermectin; Brain; Inflammatory damage; King pigeon