title: Non-invasive versus invasive respiratory support in preterm infants at birth: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) initiated at birth for prevention of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and online Pediatric Academic Society abstracts from the year of inception to June 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of nasal CPAP compared with intubation in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestation and presenting the outcomes of either death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or both (defined as the need for oxygen support or mechanical ventilation at 36 weeks corrected gestation), during hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four randomised controlled trials (2782 participants) met the inclusion criteria, with 1296 infants in the nasal CPAP group and 1486 in the intubation group. All the trials reported bronchopulmonary dysplasia independently at 36 weeks corrected gestation, with borderline significance in favour of the nasal CPAP group (relative risk 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.04, risk difference -0.02, 95% confidence interval -0.04 to 0.01). [corrected] No difference in death was observed (relative risk 0.88, 0.68 to 1.14, risk difference -0.02, -0.04 to 0.01, respectively). Pooled analysis showed a significant benefit for the combined outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or both, at 36 weeks corrected gestation for babies treated with nasal CPAP (relative risk 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.98, risk difference -0.04 (95% confidence interval -0.08 to -0.00), NNT [corrected] of 25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One additional infant could survive to 36 weeks without bronchopulmonary dysplasia for every 25 babies treated with nasal CPAP in the delivery room rather than being intubated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schmölzer
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: Po-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*