title: Laminated paper-based analytical devices (LPAD) with origami-enabled chemiluminescence immunoassay for cotinine detection in mouse serum.
abstract: Laminated paper-based analytical devices (LPAD) with origami-enabled chemiluminescence immunoassay have been developed for the detection of cotinine, a secondhand smoke (SHS) biomarker. The devices were fabricated by a craft-cutter to define flow channels, followed by lamination. This approach of cutting/lamination to fabricate LPAD is very similar to making an identification card, offering advantages in simplicity and rugged backing when compared to the common method of patterning paper using SU-8 or wax. We also developed a protocol of localized incision and paper-folding to isolate the detection zone from flow channels; the simple origami step eliminated possible reagent diffusion and flow during antibody immobilization steps and numerous washings. By incorporating luminol-based chemiluminescence for detecting horseradish peroxidase-conjugated cotinine, we employed origami-enabled LPAD to detect cotinine in mouse serum using competitive immunoassay. The detection limit was determined to be 5 ng/mL, a clinically relevant concentration. We believe that LPAD with chemiluminescence detection provides a new platform of low cost and sensitive assays for cotinine detection.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida , P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Z Hugh
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D049449:Luminescence; D051379:Mice; D010209:Paper
chemical_list: D003367:Cotinine