title: Registered nurse assessment and treatment of skin sepsis in New Zealand schools: the development of protocols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin infection is the commonest medical cause of hospitalisation in school children. Disadvantaged children, usually Maori or Pacific, have high rates of preventable diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve access to early treatment for skin infections using nurse-led school clinics in South Auckland, including provision of antibiotics under delegated standing orders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evidence-based protocols for the recognition and treatment of skin sepsis were developed following a literature search. A training package was developed for health professionals involved and outcome data were collected from a pilot study in which the protocols were trialled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An algorithm for diagnosis of skin infections was adapted from Steer et al (Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87:173-9). Fusidic acid ointment was recommended as first-line treatment for localised impetigo. Twice daily oral cephalexin was recommended for extensive impetigo and cellulitis, for palatability and simplicity of dosing. Fifty-six episodes of skin infection received treatment under standing orders in the first 15 weeks of the pilot study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robust evidence to determine optimal choice, dosage and duration of antibiotic therapy for skin sepsis in children is lacking. The algorithms described are consistent with available evidence and provide a pragmatic approach for use in registered nurse (RN)-led school clinics.
authors.affiliation: Kidz First, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland. New Zealand. Alison.Vogel@middlemore.co.nz.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Diana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D012573:School Nursing; D012874:Skin Diseases, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents