title: Effects of different trehalose concentrations in a warming medium on embryo survival and clinical outcomes in vitrified human embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we examined the effects of different concentrations of trehalose in a warming medium on both embryo survival and clinical outcomes in vitrified-warmed embryo transfer cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed a total of 209 vitrified-warmed cycles from 177 patients who underwent in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer. Embryos were cryopreserved by the vitrification method and warmed in solutions containing either 0.5 or 1.0 M trehalose. We compared the 0.5 and 1.0 M trehalose warming solution groups with respect to the embryo survival rate after warming and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The embryo survival rate in the 1.0 M trehalose group (96.5%) was significantly higher than that in the 0.5 M trehalose group (57.0%). The percentage of embryo transfers after warming in the 1.0 M trehalose group (94.3%) was significantly higher than that in the 0.5 M trehalose group (83.7%). The clinical pregnancy rate in the 1.0 M trehalose group (25.0%) was significantly higher than that in the 0.5 M trehalose group (11.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embryo survival and clinical pregnancy rates were higher when a 1.0 M trehalose solution was used than when a 0.5 M trehalose solution was used during the embryo warming process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amita
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012996:Solutions; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014199:Trehalose / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D012996:Solutions; D014199:Trehalose