title: Bovine adenovirus 3 core protein precursor pVII localizes to mitochondria, and modulates ATP synthesis, mitochondrial Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential.
abstract: Viruses modulate the functions of mitochondria by translocating viral proteins to the mitochondria. Subcellular fractionation and sensitivity to proteinase K/Triton X-100 treatment of mitochondrial fractions of bovine adenovirus (BAdV)-3-infected/transfected cells suggested that core protein pVII localizes to the mitochondria and contains a functional mitochondrial localization signal. Moreover, mitochondrial localization of BAdV-3 pVII appears to help in the retention of mitochondrial Ca(2+), inducing a significant increase in the levels of ATP and maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in transfected cells. In contrast, mitochondrial localization of BAdV-3 pVII has no significant effect on the levels of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species production in the transfected cells. Consistent with these results, expression of pVII in transfected cells treated with staurosporine decreased significantly the activation of caspase-3. Our results suggested that BAdV-3 pVII localizes to mitochondria, and interferes with apoptosis by inhibiting loss of the MMP and by increasing mitochondrial Ca(2+) and ATP production.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.|Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Sanjeev K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.|Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaba
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Jaswant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.|Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.|Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tikoo
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium