title: From lipid second messengers to molecular motors: microtubule-organizing center reorientation in T cells.
abstract: In T lymphocytes, polarization of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the immunological synapse enables the directional secretion of cytokines, cytolytic factors, and other soluble molecules toward the antigen-presenting cell. This is likely to be crucial for maintaining the specificity of T-cell effector responses. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of MTOC reorientation in T cells, focusing first on the importance of diacylglycerol and protein kinase C isozymes and then on the molecular motor proteins that function downstream to drive MTOC movement.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huse
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Floc'h
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D004398:Dyneins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D022101:Microtubule-Organizing Center / Q000502:physiology*; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008055:Lipids; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D024462:Myosin Type II; D004398:Dyneins
keywords: T cells; T-cell receptors; lipid mediators; protein kinases and phosphatases; signal transduction; signaling proteins