title: Cyclic 100-ka (glacial-interglacial) migration of subseafloor redox zonation on the Peruvian shelf.
abstract: The coupling of subseafloor microbial life to oceanographic and atmospheric conditions is poorly understood. We examined diagenetic imprints and lipid biomarkers of past subseafloor microbial activity to evaluate its response to glacial-interglacial cycles in a sedimentary section drilled on the Peruvian shelf (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201, Site 1229). Multiple and distinct layers of diagenetic barite and dolomite, i.e., minerals that typically form at the sulfate-methane transition (SMT), occur at much shallower burial depth than the present SMT around 30 meters below seafloor. These shallow layers co-occur with peaks of (13)C-depleted archaeol, a molecular fossil of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea. Present-day, non-steady state distributions of dissolved sulfate also suggest that the SMT is highly sensitive to variations in organic carbon flux to the surface shelf sediments that may lead to shoaling of the SMT. Reaction-transport modeling substantiates our hypothesis that shallow SMTs occur in response to cyclic sediment deposition with a high organic carbon flux during interglacials and a low organic carbon flux during glacial stages. Long diffusion distances expectedly dampen the response of deeply buried microbial communities to changes in sediment deposition and other oceanographic drivers over relatively short geological time scales, e.g., glacial-interglacial periods. However, our study demonstrates how dynamically sediment biogeochemistry of the Peru Margin has responded to glacial-interglacial change and how these changes are now preserved in the geological record. Such changes in subsurface biogeochemical zonation need to be taken into account to assess the role of the subseafloor biosphere in global element and redox cycling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meister
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Prieto-Mollar
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
authors.forename: Arzhang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ferdelman
authors.forename: Marcel M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: Bo Barker
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009791:Oceanography / Q000379:methods*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010568:Peru; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D008055:Lipids; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D008274:Magnesium; D008697:Methane; C028042:calcium magnesium carbonate
keywords: biogeochemical cycles; deep biosphere; methane oxidation front; paleodiagenetic