title: The endogenous GABA bioactivity of camel, bovine, goat and human milks.
abstract: GABA orally administered has several beneficial effects on health, including the regulation of hyperglycaemic states in humans. Those effects are similar to the effects reported for camel milk (CMk); however, it is not known whether compounds with GABAergic activity are present in milk from camels or other species. We determined CMk free-GABA concentration by LS/MS and its bioactivity on human GABA receptors. We found that camel and goat milks have significantly more bioavailable GABA than cow and human milks and are able to activate GABAρ receptors. The relationship between GABA and taurine concentrations suggests that whole camel milk may be more efficient to activate GABAρ1 receptors than goat milk. Because GABAρ receptors are normally found in enteroendocrine cells in the lumen of the digestive tract, these results suggest that GABA in camel and goat milk may participate in GABA-modulated functions of enteroendocrine cells in the GI lumen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Agenor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limon
authors.forename: Jose-Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gallegos-Perez
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reyes-Ruiz
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aljohi
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alshanqeeti
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miledi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D013654:Taurine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
keywords: Diary; Gut; Hyperglycaemia; Membrane receptors