title: Phytopharmacological evaluation of ethanol extract of Sida cordifolia L. roots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the phytochemical screening (group determination) and selected pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic activity) of the plant Sida cordifolia Linn (S. cordifolia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty percent concentrated ethanol extract of the roots was used. To identify the chemical constituents of plant extract standard procedures were followed. In phytochemical screening the crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups like reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, gums, alkaloids and glycosides. The antioxidant property of ethanolic extract of S. cordifolia was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Analgesic activity of the extract was tested using the model of acetic acid induced writhing in mice. Diclofenac sodium is used as reference standard drug for the analgesic activity test. Antibacterial activity of plant extract was carried out using disc diffusion method with five pathogenic bacteria comparison with kanamycin as a standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the roots of S. cordifolia indicated the presence of reducing sugar, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC50 value was found to be 50 μg/mL which was not comparable to the standard ascorbic acid. The crude extract produced 44.30% inhibition of writhing at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight which is statistically significant (P>0.001). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of the roots of S. cordifolia showed no antimicrobial activity against five types of microorganisms. The experiment was conducted only with five species of bacteria as test species, which do not at all indicate the total inactivity against micro-organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine but further pharmacological studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh. Electronic address: talhabmb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Abdul Motalib
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Momin
authors.forename: Sm Faysal
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bellah
authors.forename: Sarder Mohammad Raussel
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Ahmed Ayedur
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Gazi Mohammad Monjur
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Murshid
authors.forename: Talha Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Emran
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Analgesic; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; DPPH; Phytochemical screening