title: Stellar spin-orbit misalignment in a multiplanet system.
abstract: Stars hosting hot Jupiters are often observed to have high obliquities, whereas stars with multiple coplanar planets have been seen to have low obliquities. This has been interpreted as evidence that hot-Jupiter formation is linked to dynamical disruption, as opposed to planet migration through a protoplanetary disk. We used asteroseismology to measure a large obliquity for Kepler-56, a red giant star hosting two transiting coplanar planets. These observations show that spin-orbit misalignments are not confined to hot-Jupiter systems. Misalignments in a broader class of systems had been predicted as a consequence of torques from wide-orbiting companions, and indeed radial velocity measurements revealed a third companion in a wide orbit in the Kepler-56 system.
authors.affiliation: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Mauro
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authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miglio
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Deck
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fabrycky
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Montet
authors.forename: Lars A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Buchhave
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chaplin
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hekker
authors.forename: Josefina
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authors.lastname: Montalbán
authors.forename: Roberto
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authors.lastname: Sanchis-Ojeda
authors.forename: Sarbani
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authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bedding
authors.forename: Tiago L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Campante
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christensen-Dalsgaard
authors.forename: Yvonne P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Elsworth
authors.forename: Dennis
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authors.lastname: Stello
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arentoft
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.forename: Rasmus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Handberg
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isaacson
authors.forename: John Asher
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karoff
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kawaler
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kjeldsen
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Latham
authors.forename: Mikkel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Mia
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authors.lastname: Lundkvist
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Marcy
authors.forename: Travis S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silva Aguirre
authors.forename: Joshua N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Winn