title: Antifungal activity of diketopiperazines and stilbenes against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate antifungal activity of a stilbene and diketopiperazine compounds against plant pathogenic fungi, including Phytophthora capsici, P. colocasiae, Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of stilbenes and diketopiperazines for each fungus were determined using microplate method. Best activity was recorded by stilbenes against P. capsici and P. colocasiae. All four test compounds were effective in inhibiting different stages of the life cycle of test fungi. Stilbenes were more effective than diketopiperazines in inhibiting mycelial growth and inhibiting different stages of the life cycle of P. capsici and P. colocasiae. Rupture of released zoospores induced by stilbenes was reduced by addition of 100 mM glucose. The effects of stilbenes on mycelial growth and zoospore release, but not zoospore rupture, were reduced largely when pH value was above 7. In addition, stilbenes were investigated for its antifungal stability against Phytophthora sp. The results showed that stilbenes maintained strong fungistatic activity over a wide pH range (pH 4–9) and temperature range (70–120 °C). The compound stilbenes exhibited strong and stable broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and had a significant fungicidal effect on fungal cells. Results from prebiocontrol evaluations performed to date are probably useful in the search for alternative approaches to controlling serious plant pathogens.
authors.forename: S Nishanth
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Bala
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nambisan
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan; D020231:Colletotrichum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D054659:Diketopiperazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D013267:Stilbenes; C493484:oligochitosan; D002686:Chitin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D048271:Chitosan; D005947:Glucose