title: κ-carrageenan induces the disruption of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by promoting the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells.
abstract: κ-carrageenan (κ-CGN) is an important food additive that has been demonstrated to induce colitis in animal models. In the present study, the effects of κ-CGN were assessed using an in vitro co-culture system that contained intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and activated macrophage-like THP-1 cells. The results demonstrated that in single cultures of Caco-2 and THP-1 cells treated with κ-CGN, the cytotoxicity and the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were low. In the co-culture system, however, κ-CGN treatment resulted in apoptosis and reduced the transepithelial electrical resistance of the Caco-2 cell monolayers. The secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 from the two cell types were increased significantly by κ-CGN treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment of the co-culture system with anti-TNF receptor 1 antibody suppressed the κ-CGN-induced apoptosis and attenuated the changes in the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in the Caco-2 monolayers. This study indicated that κ-CGN-induced TNF-α secretion is the main contributor to cellular damage in Caco-2 monolayers exposed to κ-CGN.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yue
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hai-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017097:Electric Impedance; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000906:Antibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D002351:Carrageenan; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: κ-carrageenan; colitis inflammation; co-culture; Caco-2 monolayers; TNF-α