title: Exploring the benefits of unilateral nostril breathing practice post-stroke: attention, language, spatial abilities, depression, and anxiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unilateral nostril breathing (UNB) is a yogic pranayama technique that has been shown to improve verbal and spatial cognition in neurologically intact individuals. Early study of UNB in healthy individuals has shown benefits for attention and memory. This preliminary study explored whether UNB influenced various measures of attention, language, spatial abilities, depression, and anxiety in post-stroke individuals, both with and without aphasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A within-subjects repeated-measures design was used to determine whether UNB improved cognitive, linguistic, and affect variables in post-stroke individuals. Within-subjects comparisons determined UNB's effects over time, and between-subjects comparison was used to determine whether changes in these variables differed between post-stroke individuals with and without aphasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Athens and Atlanta, Georgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven post-stroke individuals participated in a 10-week UNB program. Five individuals had stroke-induced left hemisphere damage with no diagnosis of aphasia (left hemisphere damage control group; LHD), and six individuals experienced left hemisphere damage with a diagnosis of aphasia (individuals with aphasia group; IWA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals were assessed on measures of attention, language, spatial abilities, depression, and anxiety before, during, and after UNB treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UNB significantly decreased levels of anxiety for individuals in both groups. Performance on language measures increased for the individuals with aphasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant findings for language and affect measures indicate that further investigation regarding duration of UNB treatment and use of UNB treatment alongside traditional speech-language therapy in post-stroke individuals is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Communication Sciences & Special Education, Biomedical & Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia , Athens, GA.
authors.forename: Rebecca Shisler
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basilakos
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Love-Myers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001037:Aphasia / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001288:Attention; D001945:Breathing Exercises / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation