title: Selecting seats for steel industry mobile machines based on seat effective amplitude transmissibility and comfort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to help a steel industry partner select the most appropriate of three high end heavy equipment seats to retrofit a number of their heavy mobile machines used in the steel making process.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants included 8 males (22.3 ± 2.0 yrs.) and 8 females (23.5 ± 1.8 yrs.) with no experience operating heavy mobile equipment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously recorded 6-DOF chassis acceleration data from a Pot Hauler (a machine which picks up and transports pots of slag) were used to extract six, 20 second representative profiles for implementation on a lab-based heavy machine simulator (6-DOF Parallel Robotics System Corporation robot). Subjects sat on three heavy equipment seats (BeGe7150, Grammar MSG 95G1721, and a 6801 Isringhausen with the seat pan cushion retrofitted with a Skydex cushion) mounted on the simulator. Each subject completed three trials for each combination of seat (n=3) and vibration profile (n=6). Chassis and operator/seat interface vibration were measured by 2, 6-DOF vibration transducers. Variables included Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT) (X,Y,Z,Roll,Pitch,Yaw,6DOF Vector Sum) to determine if the seat was attenuating or amplifying the vibration, 6-degree of freedom (DOF) vibration total value weighted predicted comfort (Avc) (according to ISO 2631-1) and operator reported comfort (ORC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factorial ANOVAs revealed significant differences (p < or = 0.05) between seats for all SEAT variables but different seats performed better than others depending on the axis. Significant differences between males and females were observed for SEAT in X,Y, and Pitch as well as for Avs. As expected there were significant differences between vibration profiles for all assessed variables. A number of interaction effects were observed, the most frequently occurring of which was between seat and vibration profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based upon the number of seat and vibration profile interactions, results suggest that a single seat is not suited for all tested conditions. However, SEAT values for all of the seats tested were extremely low (e.g., 6-DOF SEAT < 30%) indicating that all of the seats were capable of providing good vibration attenuation.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Leanne F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Tammy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Eger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000592:standards; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ISO 2631-1(1997); Whole-body vibration; operator reported comfort; seat selection