title: Race and survival among diabetic patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is a known predictor of decreased long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Differences in survival by race have not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was conducted for CABG patients between 1992 and 2011. Long-term survival was compared in patients with and without diabetes and stratified by race. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using a Cox regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 13,053 patients undergoing CABG, 35% (black n = 1,655; white n = 2,884) had diabetes at the time of surgery. The median follow-up for study participants was 8.2 years. Long-term survival after CABG was similar between black and white diabetic patients (no diabetes, HR = 1.0; white diabetic patients, adjusted HR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.4-1.6; black diabetic patients, adjusted HR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.4-1.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A survival disadvantage after CABG was not observed among black versus white diabetic patients in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Wesley T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Jimmy T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Efird
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: O'Neal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: W Randolph
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chitwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: T Bruce
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kypson
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People