title: [Diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage before the era of computed tomography].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the past decades there has been a great progress in neuroimaging methods. Cranial computed tomography is part of the daily routine now and its use allows a fast diagnosis of parenchymal hemorrhage. However, before the availability of computed tomography the differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was based on patient history, physical examination, percutan angiography and cerebrospinal fluid sampling, and the clinical utility could be evaluated by autopsy of deceased patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors explored the diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid examination for the diagnosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 200 deceased stroke patients were retrospectively evaluated. All patients had liquor sampling at admission and all of them had brain autopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bloody or yellowish cerebrospinal fluid at admission had a positive predictive value of 87.5% for hemorrhagic stroke confirmed by autopsy, while clear cerebrospinal fluid had positive predictive value of 90.7% for ischemic stroke. Patients who had clear liquor, but autopsy revealed hemorrhagic stroke had higher protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm the importance of pathological evaluation of the brain in cases deceased from cerebral stroke. With this article the authors wanted to salute for those who contributed to the development of the Hungarian neuropathology. In this year we remember the 110th anniversary of the birth, and the 60th anniversary of the death of professor Kálmán Sántha. Professor László Molnár would be 90 years old in 2013.
authors.affiliation: Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Neurológiai Klinika Debrecen Móricz Zsigmond krt. 22. 4032.
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hofgárt
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szepesi
authors.forename: Bertalan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vámosi
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Csiba
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: agyállományvérzés; brain hemorrhage; cerebrospinal fluid; ischaemiás stroke; ischemic stroke; liquorvizsgálat