title: Identification of the methylation of p14ARF promoter as a novel non-invasive biomarker for early detection of lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent diagnostic procedure advances have greatly improved early lung cancer detection. However, the invasive, unpleasant and inconvenient nature of current diagnostic procedures limits their application. There is a great need of novel non-invasive biomarkers for early lung cancer diagnosis. In the present study, we intend to determine whether the blood signatures of p14ARF promoter methylation are suitable for early detection of lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study aimed to assess the probability of p14ARF promoter methylation in plasma samples to detect early lung cancer using nested methylation-specific PCR in the training set consisted of tumor tissues and paired blood. Besides, we were further to discuss the difference in time to progression between methylation and unmethylation of p14ARF promoter using univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methylation of p14ARF promoter was detected in 33.6 % of tumor tissues, and 12.1 and 25.2 % in distant-cancer mucosa and matched plasma, respectively, and our study has also demonstrated the positive correlation between them by Pearson's test (r = 0.300). The tumor-free survival time of the unmethylation of p14ARF promoter is significantly longer than that of the methylation of p14ARF promoter in tumor tissues (χ (2) = 7.149, P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methylation of p14ARF promoter in plasma samples has strong potential as a novel non-invasive biomarker for early detection of lung cancer, and the methylation of p14ARF promoter was considered as prognostic factor in our study.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015996:Survival Rate; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF