title: Teaching the management of surgical emergencies through a short course to surgical residents in East/Central Africa delivers excellent educational outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Africa surgical trainees (residents) are often 'at the coalface' in managing surgical emergencies. A practical course on management of surgical emergencies was developed, as requested and guided by the learning needs of surgical trainees in East/Central Africa, to teach structured thinking processes in surgical emergencies; to thoroughly assess participants' knowledge, technical and non-technical skills; and to correlate assessment scores with participants' feedback on course quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Curriculum design was aimed at learners' needs, as guided by local trainers and previous teaching. A 5-day course was developed on emergencies in critical care and trauma, general surgery, orthopaedics, obstetrics and urology; delivered through lectures, tutorials and practical sessions, with individual mentoring. Participants' knowledge was assessed through end-of-course tests and, with their practical and non-technical skills, evaluated formatively. Opportunity for immediate detailed feedback was provided, and for follow-up 6 months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants completed the course successfully, passed knowledge tests, and received satisfactory scores in continuous assessment. There was good correlation between formative and summative assessment scores. Candidates rated course content, delivery and usefulness very highly; 'open text' noted no such previous training. After six months 90 % of course participants indicated that the course had significantly improved their ability to manage surgical emergencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An intensive course on management of surgical emergencies can be effectively delivered by a small core faculty for each specialty. Feedback from participants and local faculty indicated that this course filled a specific learning niche. Effective assessment can be based on continuous evaluation during course participation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, NHS Dumfries & Galloway, Dumfries, Scotland, UK, fanusdreyer@btinternet.com.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannay
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000350:Africa, Central; D000351:Africa, Eastern; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003422:Critical Care; D003479:Curriculum; D004630:Emergencies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000193:education*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000193:education*