title: Interleukin 35: a key mediator of suppression and the propagation of infectious tolerance.
abstract: The importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in balancing the effector arm of the immune system is well documented, playing a central role in preventing autoimmunity, facilitating graft tolerance following organ transplantation, and having a detrimental impact on the development of anti-tumor immunity. These regulatory responses use a variety of mechanisms to mediate suppression, including soluble factors. While IL-10 and TGF-β are the most commonly studied immunosuppressive cytokines, the recently identified IL-35 has been shown to have potent suppressive function in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, not only does IL-35 have the ability to directly suppress effector T cell responses, it is also able to expand regulatory responses by propagating infectious tolerance and generating a potent population of IL-35-expressing inducible Tregs. In this review, we summarize research characterizing the structure and function of IL-35, examine its role in disease, and discuss how it can contribute to the induction of a distinct population of inducible Tregs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Jeremy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Burlingham
keywords: iTr35; induced regulatory T cells; infectious tolerance; interleukin 35; natural regulatory T cells