title: Effects of feeding diets containing highly peroxidized distillers dried grains with solubles and increasing vitamin E levels to wean-finish pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat composition.
abstract: Lipid peroxidation in animal feed can negatively affect growth performance and meat quality. Weanling pigs (n = 432; BW = 6.6 ± 0.4 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding peroxidized distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with 3 levels of vitamin E (α-tocopheryl acetate) on growth performance, carcass composition, fatty acid composition of pork fat, and lipid peroxidation in LM. The DDGS source used in this study contained the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, peroxide value, and total S content (5.2 ng malondialdehyde/mg oil, 84.1 mEq/kg oil, and 0.95%, respectively) among 30 DDGS sources sampled. Pens within blocks were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 diets in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 8 pens per treatment and 9 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal (CON) or 30% peroxidized DDGS (Ox-DDGS) diets with 3 levels of vitamin E: none supplemented (No-E), NRC (1X-E), or 10X NRC (10X-E). Compared to CON, inclusion of 30% Ox-DDGS in diets reduced (P < 0.001) final BW (110 vs. 107 kg), overall ADG (0.76 vs. 0.74 kg/d), and G:F (0.39 vs. 0.37). Increasing dietary vitamin E concentrations improved G:F (P = 0.03) of pigs fed 10X-E and 1X-E vs. No-E diets (0.39 and 0.39 vs. 0.38, respectively). Hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat depth, and LM area were reduced (P < 0.01) in pigs fed Ox-DDGS compared to CON, but percentage of fat-free carcass lean was not affected. Feeding Ox-DDGS increased (P < 0.001) PUFA concentration, particularly linoleic acid (P < 0.001), and iodine value (P < 0.001) in belly fat and backfat compared to pigs fed CON. Dietary vitamin E levels did not affect fatty acid profiles in belly or back fat. Loin muscle TBARS were measured to determine the lipid peroxidation level in pork loins. Although pigs were fed a Ox-DDGS source in this study, TBARS in LM were similar between Ox-DDGS and CON treatments. There was no interaction between Ox-DDGS and dietary vitamin E concentration in LM TBARS. Alpha-tocopherol concentration in LM was greater (P < 0.001) in 10X-E than No-E or 1X-E dietary treatments. Compared to CON, feeding Ox-DDGS increased α-tocopherol concentration in LM of pigs fed No-E (1.0 vs. 3.1 mg/kg; P = 0.005) but not in those fed 1X-E or 10X-E. These results indicate that feeding diets containing 30% Ox-DDGS to wean-finish pigs may negatively affect growth performance, but supplementation of additional vitamin E in the diet did not counteract these effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Shurson
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011897:Random Allocation; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014886:Weaning; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol