title: The adapter proteins of TLRs, TRIF and MYD88, are upregulated in depressed individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TRIF and MYD88 are intracellular adaptor proteins for TLR signaling, and altered expression of these molecules can lead to defective or unregulated immune responses. Furthermore, previous studies revealed that depression may alter immune responses, but its mechanisms of action are unclear yet. There is a possibility that immunity and depression are linked through molecules such as TRIF and MYD88, thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA levels of TRIF and MYD88 in the PBMCs isolated from depressed medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study examined 38 depressed medical students studying in Iran and 43 healthy students from the same cohort as a control group. The mRNA levels of TRIF and MYD88 were examined in parallel with a housekeeping gene using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrated that expression of TRIF and MYD88 were significantly elevated in PBMCs isolated from depressed patients when compared to healthy subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the current results, it seems that chronic inflammation in depressed patients correlates to the over expression of TRIF and MYD88 genes. Our results show a possible link between the reported increases of chronic inflammation in depressed individuals with unbalanced expression of genes that regulate immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Bahonar University , Kerman , Iran.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hajebrahimi
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: Gholamhossein
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassanshahi
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazari
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bidaki
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khodadadi
authors.forename: Mohammad Kazemi
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Arababadi
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C470409:TICAM1 protein, human; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors