title: High prevalence of celiac disease in Swedish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and the relation to the Swedish epidemic of celiac disease: a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the prevalence and clinical and temporal relationship of celiac disease (CD) in a population of Swedish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) before, during, and after the Swedish epidemic of CD (birth cohorts 1984-1996).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review between 1995 and 2005 was conducted of 1151 children (0-18 years old, born 1981-2004) with T1DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prevalence of 9.1% (95% CI: 7.2-11.2) of CD in T1DM children was found. No significant difference in prevalence of CD was observed in different birth years, in contrast to the Swedish epidemic of CD. Sixty-two percent of children diagnosed with CD after T1DM onset had pathological levels of antibodies within the first 24 months. The presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms had no predictable value for biopsy-confirmed CD or not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The onset of CD in the T1DM population does not follow the pattern of the general population during the Swedish epidemic of CD. The shared genetic component in the human leukocyte antigen region in cases with comorbidity of CD and T1DM may overrule other CD-causing factors in the general population. Children with T1DM should be screened for CD at diagnosis and repeatedly at least during the first 2 years, even if asymptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Mara Cerqueiro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bybrant
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Örtqvist
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grahnquist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058872:Epidemics; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005903:Gliadin; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins