title: Physical activity before and during pregnancy and risk of abnormal glucose tolerance among Hispanic women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women diagnosed with abnormal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes, with higher risks in Hispanic women. Studies suggest that physical activity may be associated with a reduced risk of these disorders; however, studies in Hispanic women are sparse.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated this association among 1241 Hispanic participants in Proyecto Buena Salud. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess pre, early, and mid pregnancy physical activity. Medical records were abstracted for pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 175 women (14.1%) were diagnosed with abnormal glucose tolerance and 57 women (4.6%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Increasing age and body mass index were strongly and positively associated with risk of gestational diabetes. We did not observe statistically significant associations between total physical activity or meeting exercise guidelines and risk. However, after adjusting for age, BMI, gestational weight gain, and other important risk factors, women in the top quartile of moderate-intensity activity in early pregnancy had a decreased risk of abnormal glucose tolerance (odds ratio=0.48, 95% Confidence Interval 0.27-0.88, Ptrend=0.03) as compared to those in the lowest quartile. Similarly, women with the highest levels of occupational activity in early pregnancy had a decreased risk of abnormal glucose tolerance (odds ratio=0.48, 95% Confidence Interval 0.28-0.85, Ptrend=0.02) as compared to women who were unemployed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this Hispanic population, total physical activity and meeting exercise guidelines were not associated with risk. However, high levels of moderate-intensity and occupational activity were associated with risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9304, United States. Electronic address: LCT@schoolph.umass.edu.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chasan-Taber
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9304, United States.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9304, United States.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9304, United States.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pekow
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Markenson
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D009043:Motor Activity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Epidemiology; Gestational diabetes; Hispanic; Physical activity; Prospective