title: Intravitreal injections and diabetic macular edema: actual and new therapeutic options.
abstract: The management of diabetic macular edema (DME) has been revolutionized in recent years. Focal and focal/ grid laser photocoagulation have been the mainstay of treatment for DME for much time. However, nowadays, there is growing evidence that intravitreal VEGF-inhibitors (combined or not with laser photocoagulation) provide better visual outcome in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Hence, anti-VEGF injections are considered the new gold standard to treat diabetic macular edema and eyes with a reduced visual function. Further studies assessing different treatment regimens are underway to define better clinical care pathways.
authors.affiliation: University "Sapienza" of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy. nicola.pescosolido@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pescosolido
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pranno
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buomprisco
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A