title: Confirmed low prevalence of Listeria mastitis in she-camel milk delivers a safe, alternative milk for human consumption.
abstract: She-camel milk is an alternative solution for people allergic to milk; unfortunately, potential harmful bacteria have not been tested in she-camel milk. Listeria monocytogenes is one harmful bacterium that causes adverse health effects if chronically or acutely ingested by humans. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, characterize the phenotypic, genetic characterization, virulence factors, and antibiopotential harmful bacteria resistance profile of Listeria isolated from the milk of she-camel. Udder milk samples were collected from 100 she-camels and screened for mastitis using the California mastitis test (46 healthy female camels, 24 subclinical mastitic animals and 30 clinical mastitic animals). Samples were then examined for the presence of pathogenic Listeria spp; if located, the isolation of Listeria was completed using the International Organization for Standards technique to test for pathogenicity. The isolates were subjected to PCR assay for virulence-associated genes. Listeria spp. were isolated from 4% of samples and only 1.0% was confirmed as L. monocytogenes. The results of this study provide evidence for the low prevalence of intramammary Listeria infection; additionally, this study concludes she-camel milk in healthy camels milked and harvested in proper hygienic conditions may be used as alternative milk for human consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: kamelia-osman@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kamelia M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samir
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orabi
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University, Developmental Science, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.
authors.forename: Tara Rava
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Zolnikov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008087:Listeria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008413:Mastitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Biofilm formation; Listeria species; Mastitis; She-camel; Virulence genes