title: Açaí (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.) berry extract exerts neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid exposure in vitro.
abstract: The native South American palm açaí berry (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.) has high polyphenolic and antioxidant levels. This study examined whether açaí berry extract afforded protection against β-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated loss of cell viability and oxidative stress associated with anti-fibrillar effects. PC12 cells were exposed to either Aβ1-42, Aβ25-35 or tert butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), alone or in the presence of açaí extract (0.5-50μg/ml). Thioflavin T (ThT) binding assay and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine effects of açaí extract on Aβ1-42 fibril morphology and compared to açaí phenolics gallic acid, cyanidin rutinoside and cyanidin glucoside. Exposure to Aβ1-42, Aβ25-35 or t-BHP decreased PC12 cell viability. Pretreatment with açaí extract significantly improved cell viability following Aβ1-42 exposure, however Aβ25-35 or t-BHP-mediated viability loss was unaltered. Açaí extract inhibited ThT fluorescence and disrupted Aβ1-42 fibril and aggregate morphology. In comparison with other phenolics, açaí was most effective at inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation. Inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation may underlie a neuroprotective effect of açaí.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Daphne Yiu San
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ian Francis
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Musgrave
authors.forename: Benjamin Scott
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Scott Darryl
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smid
mesh_terms: D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000872:Anthocyanins; D005960:Glucosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016877:Oxidants; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); C439320:amyloid beta-protein (25-36); C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; C428983:cyanidin 3-rutinoside
keywords: Amyloid-β; Açaí; Cyanidin glucoside; Cyanidin rutinoside; Gallic acid; Oxidative stress