title: Intra-cerebellar microinjection of histamine enhances memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance learning in mice via H2 receptors.
abstract: Studies have demonstrated the relationship between the histaminergic system and the cerebellum, and we intend to investigate the role of the cerebellar histaminergic system on memory consolidation. This study investigated the effect of intra-cerebellar microinjection of histamine on memory retention of inhibitory avoidance in mice, and the role of H1 and H2 receptors in it. The cerebellar vermis of male mice were implanted with guide cannulae, and after three days of recovery, the inhibitory avoidance test was performed. Immediately after a training session, animals received a microinjection of histaminergic drugs: in the experiment 1, saline (SAL) or histamine (HA 0.54, 1.36, 2.72 or 4.07 nmol); experiment 2, SAL or 1.36 nmol HA 5 min after a pretreatment with 0.16 nmol chlorpheniramine (CPA) or SAL; and experiment 3, SAL or 1.36 nmol HA 5 min after a pretreatment with 2.85 nmol ranitidine (RA) or SAL. Twenty-four hours later, a retention test was performed. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's tests. In experiment 1, animals microinjected with 1.36 nmol HA showed a higher latency to cross to the dark compartment compared to controls and to 2.72 and 4.07 nmol HA groups. In experiment 2, the combined infusions revealed difference between control (SAL+SAL) and SAL+HA and CPA+HA; while in the experiment 3 the analysis indicated differences in retention latency between mice injected with SAL+SAL and SAL+HA. The groups that received the H2 antagonist RA did not show difference compared to control. These results indicate that 1.36 nmol HA enhances memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance learning in mice and that the pretreatment with H2 antagonist RA was able to prevent this effect.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy Department, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Sao Carlos, Brazil. Electronic address: acgianlorenco@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: A C L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gianlorenço
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canto-de-Souza
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattioli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006632:Histamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017442:Histamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008845:Microinjections; D011970:Receptors, Histamine H2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017442:Histamine Agonists; D011970:Receptors, Histamine H2; D006632:Histamine
keywords: AAS; CPA; Cerebellar vermis; Chlorpheniramine; EPM; HA; Histamine; IUSDEC; Inhibitory avoidance; Memory consolidation; RA; Ranitidine; TMN; ascending arousal system; chlorpheniramine; elevated plus maze; histamine; i.c.v.; intracerebroventricular; inverted U-shaped dose effect curve; ranitidine; tuberomammillary nucleus