title: The tumor suppressing effects of QKI-5 in prostate cancer: a novel diagnostic and prognostic protein.
abstract: In recent years, the RNA-binding protein quaking 5 (QKI-5) has been recognized as a novel tumor suppressor in many cancers. To date, no studies have examined the role of QKI-5 in prostate cancer. The present study was designed to elucidate the correlation of QKI-5 expression with the clinical pathological features and prognosis of prostate cancer. In an overwhelming majority of the 184 cases of prostate cancer samples analyzed, the QKI-5 expression was significantly decreased, which was largely due to the high promoter methylation levels. Using lentiviral vectors, we established two stable prostate cancer cell lines with altered QKI-5 expression, including a QKI-5 overexpressing PC3 cell line and a DU145 cell line with knocked-down QKI-5 expression. The effects of the lentiviral-mediated QKI-5 knockdown on the PC3 cells and DU145 cells were assessed by cell growth curves, flow cytometry (FCM), and an invasion assay. The PC3 cells were transplanted into nude mice, and then, the tumor growth curves and TUNEL staining were determined. These results demonstrated that QKI-5 was highly expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues but not in carcinomatous tissues and that QKI-5 effectively inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the decrease in QKI-5 expression was closely correlated with the prostate cancer Gleason score, poor differentiation, degree of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM grading, and poor survival. These results indicate that the QKI-5 expression may be a novel, independent factor in the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Hanyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Feixue
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Zifan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C098217:Qk protein, mouse; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
keywords: RNA binding protein QKI-5; inhibition; lentivirus; methylation; prognosis; prostatic carcinoma; survival