title: Validation of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) in a Dutch population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) assess symptom distress and the impact on daily life of urinary incontinence. The UDI-6 has not been validated before in males. Our aim was to validate the UDI-6 and IIQ-7 in Dutch men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The translation to Dutch followed standardized procedures. We validated the IIQ-7 with and without an additional gender-neutral item (IIQ-SF). Adults with urinary incontinence for at least 3 months, completed the measures at inclusion; 1-week after inclusion to evaluate the test-retest reproducibility; and 6 months after inclusion with the addition of the RAND-36 health transition item to assess responsiveness and interpretability. To assess the discriminate ability, a reference population was enrolled. To assess construct validity, the urodynamic diagnosis was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaire data of 160 patients were analyzed. Patients reported more symptoms and bother than the reference population (P < 0.001). The internal consistency was good in the IIQ-SF baseline scores (Cronbach's alphas 0.86-0.92), though moderate in the UDI-6 (Cronbach's alphas 0.44-0.66). Both measures showed good reproducibility at the test-retest (Intraclass Correlations Coefficients 0.75-0.85). Construct was adequate with 75% confirmed hypotheses of urodynamic data with measure scores. The measures were responsive after treatment with smaller measurement errors than the minimal important change. No floor or ceiling effects were observed in baseline data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Dutch UDI-6 and IIQ-7 are reliable, valid, and responsive instruments for assessing symptom distress of urinary incontinence and its impact on daily life in both men and women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Utomo
authors.forename: Ida J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Korfage
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wildhagen
authors.forename: Anneke B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Steensma
authors.forename: Chris H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bangma
authors.forename: Bertil F M
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Blok
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: psychometrics, quality of life; translations; urinary incontinence