title: Spice/K2 drugs--more than innocent substitutes for marijuana.
abstract: Smokeable herbal mixtures containing synthetic agonists of cannabinoid receptors, known under brand names such as Spice, K2 and Kronic, represent a relatively new type of designer psychoactive drugs that has recently emerged on the recreational drug market. Although the Spice packages are labelled 'not for human consumption' or 'for aromatherapy only' and declared to be purely herbal, these herbal mixtures produce cannabis-like effects after smoking. This review surveys the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of synthetic cannabimimetics and the prevalence and pattern of their use. Special emphasis is given to the negative consequences of using these products, including, among others, hallucinations, psychoses with delusions, seizures, cardiovascular symptoms and acute kidney injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zawilska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojcieszak
mesh_terms: D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002188:Cannabis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D015198:Designer Drugs; C569461:cannabinoid K2