title: Usefulness of clinical, ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and immunohistochemical parameters in differentiating endometrial polyps from endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of clinical, ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and immunohistochemical parameters in differentiating endometrial polyps from endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary public hospital, university teaching center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two women who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy and 20 women who underwent surgery to treat endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of medical records and immunohistochemical assessment of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and endothelial markers CD34 and CD105.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among women with endometrial cancer and endometrial polyps, respectively, mean age was 63 and 57 years (p = .01), 89% and 67% were postmenopausal (p < .05), and 85% and 30.5% had postmenopausal bleeding (p < .01). No sonographic parameter enabled differentiation of endometrial polyp from cancer. Of patients with endometrial cancer, 72% exhibited signs suggestive of hyperplasia, and endometrial polyps were diagnosed during hysteroscopy. Estrogen receptors (≥ 2 vs ≥ 1; p < .001) and progesterone receptors (≥ 3 vs ≥ 2; p = .07) were greater in endometrial polyps. There was no significant difference in microvessel density (p > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonographic parameters and endothelial markers did not enable differentiation of polyps from endometrial neoplasia. Postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial hypervascularization along with vascular atypia at diagnostic hysteroscopy showed a greater association with endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: dspdias@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniel Spadoto
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Neves
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Bueloni-Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nahás-Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana Aguiar
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Petri Nahás
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilton José
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Custódio Domingues
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Solange Peron
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bueno Angela
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Padovani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000071063:Endoglin; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone
keywords: Endoglin protein (CD105 antigen); Endometrial neoplasms/anatomy and histology/diagnosis; Immunohistochemistry; Microvessels/analysis; Polyps/anatomy and histology/diagnosis