title: [Cohort study on the prevalence and risk factors of late pulmonary complications in adults following a closed minor chest trauma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and time to onset of delayed hemothorax and pneumothorax in adults who experienced a minor blunt thoracic trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of 450 consecutive patients was recruited. Eligible patients had to be over 16 years of age, consulted within 72 hours for a trauma, and available for outpatient follow-up at 2, 7, and 14 days posttrauma. The clinical outcome investigated was the presence of delayed pneumothorax or hemothorax on the follow-up chest x-ray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delayed hemothorax occurred in 11.8% (95% CI 8.8-14.8), and delayed pneumothorax occurred in 0.9% (95% CI 0.2-2.3) of participants. During the 14-day follow-up period, 87.0% of these delayed complications developed in the first week. In the multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant risk factor for delayed complications was the location of fractures on the x-ray of the hemithorax. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.52 (95% CI 0.62-3.73) for the lower ribs (tenth to twelfth rib), 3.11 (95% CI 1.60-6.08) for the midline ribs (sixth to ninth rib), and 5.05 (95% CI 1.80-14.19) for the upper ribs (third to fifth rib) versus patients with no fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of at least one rib fracture between the third and ninth rib on the x-ray of the hemithorax is a significant risk factor for delayed hemothorax and pneumothorax.
authors.forename: Miville
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plourde
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Émond
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guimont
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Le Sage
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chauny
authors.forename: Éric
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanier
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allain-Boulé
authors.forename: Ramona-Florina
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Fratu
authors.forename: Maryline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dufresne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis