title: Statin myotoxicity: a review of genetic susceptibility factors.
abstract: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are among the most common medications prescribed worldwide, but their efficacy and toxicity vary between individuals. One of the major factors contributing to intolerance and non-compliance are the muscle side-effects, which range from mild myalgia through to severe life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. One way to address this is pharmacogenomic screening, which aims to individualize therapy to maximize efficacy whilst avoiding toxicity. Genes encoding proteins involved in the metabolism of statins as well as genes known to cause inherited muscle disorders have been investigated. To-date only polymorphisms in the SLCO1B1 gene, which encodes the protein responsible for hepatic uptake of statins, and the COQ2 gene, important in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10, have been validated as being strongly associated with statin-induced myopathy. The aim of this review is to summarize studies investigating genetic factors predisposing to statin myopathy and myalgia, as the first step towards pharmacogenomic screening to identify at risk individuals.
authors.affiliation: Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Centre for Neuromuscular & Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: Merrilee.needham@health.wa.gov.au.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.affiliation: Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Centre for Neuromuscular & Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Mastaglia
mesh_terms: D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
keywords: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase inhibitors; Genetics; Muscle; Myalgia; Myopathy; Pharmacogenomics; Statins