title: Associations between dairy protein intake and body weight and risk markers of diabetes and CVD during weight maintenance.
abstract: Dairy products have previously been reported to be associated with beneficial effects on body weight and metabolic risk markers. Moreover, primary data from the Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) study indicate a weight-maintaining effect of a high-protein-low-glycaemic index diet. The objective of the present study was to examine putative associations between consumption of dairy proteins and changes in body weight and metabolic risk markers after weight loss in obese and overweight adults. Results were based on secondary analyses of data obtained from overweight and obese adults who completed the DiOGenes study. The study consisted of an 8-week weight-loss phase and a 6-month weight-maintenance (WM) phase, where the subjects were given five different diets varying in protein content and glycaemic index. In the present study, data obtained from all the subjects were pooled. Dairy protein intake was estimated from 3 d dietary records at two time points (week 4 and week 26) during the WM phase. Body weight and metabolic risk markers were determined at baseline (week -9 to -11) and before and at the end of the WM phase (week 0 and week 26). Overall, no significant associations were found between consumption of dairy proteins and changes in body weight and metabolic risk markers. However, dairy protein intake tended to be negatively associated with body weight gain (P=0·08; β=-0·17), but this was not persistent when controlled for total protein intake, which indicates that dairy protein adds no additional effect to the effect of total protein. Therefore, the present study does not report that dairy proteins are more favourable than other proteins for body weight regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Line Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Janne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Baak
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine & Nutrition Clinic, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papadaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Nutrition, CIBERobn Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Metabolic Diseases, National Transport Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Handjieva-Darlenska
authors.affiliation: Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jebb
authors.affiliation: The Obesity Management Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunešová
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas F H
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raben
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012306:Risk; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins