title: High-load resistance exercise with superimposed vibration and vascular occlusion increases critical power, capillaries and lean mass in endurance-trained men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is a widely accepted premise in the scientific community and by athletes alike, that adding resistance exercise to a regular regimen of endurance training increases endurance performance in endurance-trained men. However, critical power (CP), capillarization, and myofiber size remain unaffected by this addition. Therefore, we tested whether the superimposition of resistance exercise with whole-body vibration and vascular occlusion (vibroX) would improve these variables in endurance-trained males relative to resistance exercise alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one young, endurance-trained males were randomly assigned either to a vibroX (n = 11) or resistance (n = 10) training group. Both groups trained in a progressive mode twice a week for 8 weeks. Pre and post training, histochemical muscle characteristics, thigh muscle size, endurance and strength parameters were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  vibroX increased CP (P = 0.001), overall capillary-to-fiber ratio (P = 0.001) and thigh lean mass (P < 0.001), while these parameters were unaffected by resistance training. The gain in CP by vibroX was positively correlated with the gain in capillarization (R(2) = 0.605, P = 0.008), and the gain in thigh lean mass was paralleled by increases in MyHC-1 and MyHC-2 fiber cross-sectional areas and strength. Maximum voluntary torque and the finite work capacity above CP (W') increased significantly only following resistance training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We achieved a proof of concept by demonstrating that modification of resistance exercise by superimposing side-alternating whole-body vibration and sustained vascular occlusion induced further improvements in CP, capillarization and hypertrophy, all of which were not observed with resistance training alone.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sandro Manuel
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aguayo
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lunardi
authors.forename: Severin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruoss
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boutellier
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frese
authors.forename: Jens A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toigo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002196:Capillaries / Q000502:physiology; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D055070:Resistance Training; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D009218:Myosins