title: Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Chinese medicine SQ gout capsules and its modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines focusing on gout arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shuang-Qi gout capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has been used in the treatment of joint pain, inflammation and gout arthritis. This study evaluates anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Shuang-Qi gout capsule and its modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with special reference to gout arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-inflammatory effect of Shuang-Qi gout capsule was investigated bymice tail-flick response, acetic acid induced writhing response, Xylene-induced auricle inflammation and the hind paw volume of the monosodium urate (MSU) crystal induced rats with different time durations. To investigate the effects on gout arthritis, ankle joint of rats induced by MSU crystals and assessed for edema and histopathological changes. In vitro, prepared serum was incubated with urate crystal induced HUVE cells and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shuang-Qi gout capsule showed significant and dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect via reducing edema and pain, throughout all the models. The high dose of Shuang-Qi gout capsule and Indomethacin significantly attenuated the edema. Histopathological results showed that high and medium dose of Shuang-Qi gout capsule and Indomethacin reduced gouty joint inflammatory features, while the high dose of Shuang-Qi gout capsule showed a better therapeutic effect. High and medium dose of Shuang-Qi gout capsule significantly reduced the release of TNF-α and IL-1β (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shuang-Qi gout capsule can effectively inhibit the inflammation, analgesia, through the modulation of emission of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the curative effect is dose dependent. Conversely, these MSU induced in vivo and in vitro studies of Shuang-Qi gout capsule suggest that, Shuang-Qi gout capsule may be a potential agent for treatment in gouty arthritis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, # 24, TongJiaXiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
authors.forename: Nandani Darshika
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kodithuwakku
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yi-lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Wei-rong
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yun-man
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002214:Capsules; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid; D014992:Xylenes
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002214:Capsules; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; C000590845:Shuang-Qi; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014992:Xylenes; D014527:Uric Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Antinociceptive effect; Gout arthritis; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; SQ gout capsule