title: Branch retinal vein occlusion: treatment modalities: an update of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy and is considered to be an important cause of visual loss. In this review, our purpose is to update the literature about the treatment alternatives for branch retinal vein occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible papers were identified by a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, using the terms "branch retinal vein occlusion," "therapy," "intervention," "treatment," "vitrectomy," "sheathotomy," "laser," "anti-VEGF," "pegaptanib," "bevacizumab," "ranibizumab," "triamcinolone," "dexamethasone," "corticosteroids," "non-steroids," "diclofenac," "hemodilution," "fibrinolysis," "tPA," and "BRVO." Additional papers were also selected from reference lists of papers identified by the electronic database search.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment modalities were analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are several treatment modalities for branch retinal vein occlusion and specifically for its complications, such as macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal neovascularization, and retinal detachment, including anti-aggregative therapy and fibrinolysis, isovolemic hemodilution, vitrectomy with or without sheathotomy, peripheral scatter and macular grid retinal laser therapy, non-steroid agents, intravitreal steroids, and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Barts and the London NHS Trust , London , UK .
authors.forename: Irini P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Chatziralli
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaulim
authors.forename: Vasileios G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Peponis
authors.forename: Panagiotis G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mitropoulos
authors.forename: Marilita M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moschos
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations