title: Relationship between skin cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractability of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo at different grape ripeness degree.
abstract: The relationship between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins from red grape skins was assessed in Tempranillo grape samples harvested at three stages of ripening (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three different contents of soluble solids (22, 24 and 26 °Brix) within each stage. Cell wall material was isolated and analysed in order to determine cellulose, lignin, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, protein, total polyphenols index and the degree of esterification of pectins. Results showed the influence of ripeness degree and contents of soluble solids on cell wall composition. Furthermore, principal components analysis was applied to the obtained data set in order to establish relationships between cell wall composition and extractability of anthocyanins. Total insoluble material exhibits the biggest opposition to anthocyanin extraction, while the highest amounts of cellulose, rhamnogalacturonans-II and polyphenols were positively correlated with anthocyanin extraction. Moreover, multiple linear regression was performed to assess the influence of the cell wall composition on the extraction of anthocyanin compounds. A model connecting cell wall composition and anthocyanin extractabilities was built, explaining 96.2% of the observed variability.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hernández-Hierro
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quijada-Morín
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Lapuente
authors.forename: Zenaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guadalupe
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ayestarán
authors.forename: Julián C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rivas-Gonzalo
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Escribano-Bailón
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anthocyanin extractability; Cell wall composition; Grapes; Ripeness degrees; Soluble solids contents