title: Chromatin remodeling by the small RNA machinery in mammalian cells.
abstract: Chromatin states, quite different from changes in DNA sequence, can impact fundamental cellular processes such as determination of cell identity and development of disease. However, how chromatin states are established and regulated remain to be fully elucidated. In several lower eukaryotes, the small RNA machinery comprised of small RNA and its partners, the Argonaute proteins, is known to play important roles in the establishment of heterochromatin and silencing of repetitive sequences. In mammalian cells, however, the nuclear function of the small RNA machinery is largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that components of the small RNA pathway interact with chromatin to regulate nuclear events, including gene transcription and alternative splicing. In addition, these endogenous mechanisms are being exploited to target specific genomic loci for manipulation of gene expression and splicing events. In this review, I summarize current understanding of chromatin remodeling by small RNAs in mammalian cells and highlight recent efforts to map genome-wide interactions between RNAi-related factors and chromatin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California; San Francisco, CA USA.
authors.forename: Long-Cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060565:Argonaute Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000502:physiology*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D034622:RNA Interference; D012326:RNA Splicing; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D060565:Argonaute Proteins; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
keywords: Argonaute; RNA activation; chromatin; epigenetics; miRNA; small RNA; transcription