title: Blepharoptosis.
abstract: Blepharoptosis of the upper eyelid is a common condition among patients presenting for oculoplastic surgery. Although there are many types of ptosis, the two most frequent clinical cases are simple congenital ptosis in young patients and senile ptosis in adults. Patient examination is important to distinguish these from other more infrequent types of ptosis, such as those neurogenic, myogenic and posttraumatic. These latter cases may require specific therapeutic strategies. Ptosis can usually be corrected surgically. The article discusses guidelines for the choice of intervention. Various different surgical techniques are also presented, together with results and complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic University of Turin, Turin, Italy - alessandro.actis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: De Sanctis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alovisi
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Actis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vinai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Actis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grignolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology; D016569:Blepharophimosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D006732:Horner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000150:complications; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal; D000093922:Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders