title: Renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations: are CT findings suggestive of the diagnosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to summarize the computed tomography (CT) features of renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations, and determine whether the diagnosis can be reliably deduced from imaging findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiological studies of six patients (aged from 9-29 years) with renal carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations were retrospectively analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumours varied in size from 3.3-11 cm (mean 5.4 cm). Unenhanced CT and cortical, medullary, and pelvic-phase contrast-enhanced CT imaging was undertaken in all cases. Unenhanced CT revealed that tumours had a relatively increased radiodensity (4/6, ranged from 45-60 HU) and suggested the possibility of diffuse haemorrhage. Three of the six cases showed irregular and boundary calcification of the lesion. Contrast-enhanced CT showed relatively well demarcated tumours with heterogeneous enhancement (6/6). Prolonged enhancement of tumours might be a common sign (6/6) in Xp11.2 translocations. Three out of the six cases were combined with retroperitoneal lymph nodes metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations should be considered, particularly in children and young patients, when the lesion has calcification and is hyper-dense on unenhanced CT, and has prolonged enhancement on contrast-enhanced images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China. Electronic address: jzhang@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, China. Electronic address: zhangjs@tom.com.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide