title: FISH methods in cytogenetic studies.
abstract: This chapter describes the various methods derived from the protocol of standard fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) that are used in human, animal, plant, and microbial studies. These powerful techniques allow us to detect and physically map on interphase nuclei, chromatin fibers, or metaphase chromosomes probes derived from single-copy genes to repetitive DNA sequences. Other variants of the technique enable the co-localization of genes and the overall comparison of the genome among individuals of the same species or of different taxa. A further variant detects and localizes bacteria on tissues and cells. Overall, this offers a remarkable multiplicity of possible applications ranging from strict physical mapping, to clinical and evolutionary studies, making it a powerful and informative complement to other molecular, functional, or genomic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pita
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ramírez
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernández-Calvín
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000378:metabolism; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D032681:Spectral Karyotyping
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D004247:DNA