title: Communication in interdisciplinary teams: exploring closed-loop communication during in situ trauma team training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the use of call-out (CO) and closed-loop communication (CLC) during a simulated emergency situation, and its relation to profession, age, gender, ethnicity, years in profession, educational experience, work experience and leadership style.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In situ simulator-based interdisciplinary team training using trauma cases at an emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  The result was based on 16 trauma teams with a total of 96 participants. Each team consisted of two physicians, two registered nurses and two enrolled nurses, identical to a standard trauma team.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results in this study showed that the use of CO and CLC in trauma teams was limited, with an average of 20 CO and 2.8 CLC/team. Previous participation in trauma team training did not increase the frequency of use of CLC while ≥2 structured trauma courses correlated with increased use of CLC (risk ratio (RR) 3.17, CI 1.22 to 8.24). All professions in the trauma team were observed to initiate and terminate CLC (except for the enrolled nurse from the operation theatre). The frequency of team members' use of CLC increased significantly with an egalitarian leadership style (RR 1.14, CI 1.04 to 1.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that despite focus on the importance of communication in terms of CO and CLC, the difficulty in achieving safe and reliable verbal communication within the interdisciplinary team remained. This finding indicates the need for validated training models combined with further implementation studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härgestam
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindkvist
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brulin
authors.forename: Maritha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hultin
keywords: ACCIDENT & EMERGENCY MEDICINE; ANAESTHETICS; MEDICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING