title: A solid phase extraction-ion chromatography with conductivity detection procedure for determining cationic surfactants in surface water samples.
abstract: A new analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of individual cationic surfactants (alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides) in surface water samples has been developed. We describe this methodology for the first time: it involves the application of solid phase extraction (SPE-for sample preparation) coupled with ion chromatography-conductivity detection (IC-CD-for the final determination). Mean recoveries of analytes between 79% and 93%, and overall method quantification limits in the range from 0.0018 to 0.038 μg/mL for surface water and CRM samples were achieved. The methodology was applied to the determination of individual alkyl benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds in environmental samples (reservoir water) and enables their presence in such types of waters to be confirmed. In addition, it is a simpler, less time-consuming, labour-intensive, avoiding use of toxic chloroform and significantly less expensive methodology than previously described approaches (liquid-liquid extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry).
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology (GUT), G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: ewaolkow@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olkowska
authors.forename: Żaneta
authors.initials: Ż
authors.lastname: Polkowska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
mesh_terms: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D007477:Ions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: 1-hexadecyl-pyridinium bromide; 1-tetradecylpyridinium bromide; ACN; ATAC; BDMA; C(12)BDMA; C(14)BDMA; C(16)BDMA; CRM; CTAB; Cationic surfactants; DEEDMAC; DEQ; DTAB; DTDMAC; EC(50); FA; HPB; HPLC; IC-CD; Ion chromatography-conductivity detection; LC(50); LC–MS; LC–MS–MS; LD(50); LLE; MDL; MH/AF; MQL; Mixed Hemimicelle/Admicelle Formation; N-C(12)P; N-dodecylpyridinium chloride; QACs; RSD; SAAs; SD; SDS; SPE; Solid phase extraction; Surface water samples; TBAB; TMA; TPB; UV; acetonitrile; benzyl dimethyl ammonium compounds; certified reference material; dialkyl dimethyl ammonium compounds; diesterquaternary; diethyl ester dimethyl ammonium compounds; ditallow dimethyl ammonium compounds; dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; dodecyl sodium sulphate; dodecyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide; effective concentration; formic acid; hexadecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide; high performance liquid chromatography; ion chromatography-conductivity detection; lethal concentration; lethal dose; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; liquid–liquid extraction; method limit detection; method limit quantification; quaternary ammonium compounds; relative standard deviation; solid phase extraction; standard deviation; surface active agents; tetrabutyl-ammonium bromide; tetradecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; trimethyl ammonium compounds; ultra-violet