title: Recommendations for self-monitoring in pediatric diabetes: a consensus statement by the ISPED.
abstract: A panel of experts of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology comprehensively discussed and approved the Italian recommendations regarding self-monitoring of blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring and other measures of glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. After an extensive review of the literature, we took these issues into account: self-monitoring blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring, glycemic variability, glycosuria, ketonuria, ketonemia, glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine and glycated albumin, logbook, data downloading, lancing devices, carbohydrate counting, and glycemic measurements at school. We concluded that clinical guidelines on self-management should be developed in every country with faithful adaptation to local languages and taking into account specific contexts and local peculiarities, without any substantial modifications to the international recommendations. We believe that the National Health Service should provide all necessary resources to ensure self-monitoring of blood glucose and possibly continuous glucose monitoring of all children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, according to the standards of care provided by these recommendations and internationally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliera, University of Milano, "Ospedale Luigi Sacco," via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy, scaramuzza.andrea@hsacco.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scaramuzza
authors.forename: Valentino
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cherubini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tumini
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonfanti
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buono
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cardella
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Annunzio
authors.forename: Anna Paola
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Frongia
authors.forename: Fortunato
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Anna Carla Maria
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Monciotti
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rabbone
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiaffini
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frontino
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iafusco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D032921:Consensus; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin