title: Prognostic role of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and leptin levels according to breast cancer subtype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation within the tumor microenvironment has been reported to show an association with poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, the associations may differ according to breast cancer subtype. In this study, we investigated the association between inflammation-related markers and breast cancer recurrence according to patients' tumor subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 240 patients who underwent surgery for management of newly diagnosed breast cancer. Levels of inflammation-related markers (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], leptin, and adiponectin) were measured at diagnosis, and the associations between these markers and breast cancer recurrence during a six-year follow-up period were examined using the Kaplan-Meier statistical method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, inflammation-related markers showed no association with breast cancer recurrence. However, when data were stratified by tumor subtype, higher levels of some mediators showed an association with poor prognosis among patients with particular subtypes. Compared to patients without recurrence, patients with recurrence had higher levels of circulating IL-6 (p=0.024) and IL-8 (p=0.016) only among those with HER2(-) tumors and had higher levels of leptin (p=0.034) only among those with estrogen receptor (ER)(+)/progesterone receptor (PR)(+) tumors. Results of survival analyses revealed an association of high levels of IL-6 (p=0.016) and IL-8 (p=0.022) with poor recurrence-free survival in patients with HER2(-) tumors. In addition, higher leptin levels indicated shorter recurrence-free survival time only among patients with ER(+)/PR(+) tumors (p=0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that certain cytokines could have a differential prognostic impact on breast cancer recurrence according to breast cancer subtype. Conduct of additional large studies will be required in order to elucidate the precise roles of these cytokines in breast cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ae
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Jee-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: Jungsil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.forename: Jeongseon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Breast neoplasms; Cytokines; Estrogen receptors; HER2; Progesterone receptors; Recurrence