title: Co-encapsulation of lipophilic antioxidants into niosomal carriers: percutaneous permeation studies for cosmeceutical applications.
abstract: Niosomal vesicular systems containing resveratrol, alpha-tocopherol and curcumin as single agents and in combination, were designed with the aim to develop novel cosmeceutical formulations. The effects of antioxidants co-encapsulation on the physico-chemical properties of the carriers, their antioxidant properties and in vitro percutaneous permeation profiles were evaluated. Results showed that the co-encapsulation of resveratrol/curcumin and alpha-tocopherol/curcumin affected the physico-chemical properties of niosomes and the entrapment efficiencies values, respect to the formulations containing the single antioxidant. The antioxidants in vitro percutaneous permeations appeared to be controlled and improved respect to the corresponding free solutions used as control. Moreover the antioxidants combinations resulted in a promoted ability to reduce free radicals, due to a synergic antioxidant action.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica, Elettronica e Sistemistica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 39/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: rita.muzzalupo@unical.it.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muzzalupo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Nevio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Picci
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica, Elettronica e Sistemistica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 39/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Cindio
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003358:Cosmetics; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; C493309:N(4)-benzyl-N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-1-1(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-6,4-diamine; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines
keywords: Antioxidants; Co-encapsulation; Niosomes; Radical scavenging activity; Transdermal delivery