title: Metabolic and mechanical involvement of arms and legs in simulated double pole skiing.
abstract: We evaluated arm and leg work rate and metabolism during double pole ergometer skiing. Thermodilution arm and leg blood flow was determined together with the arterial to venous difference for oxygen, while the work rate was assessed in eight male recreational skiers [24 (SD 7) years]. When work rate increased from 82 (SE 4) to 117 (7) W, leg power increased by 43% (enhanced vertical force and displacement of the body). The elbow angle tended to increase [from 71 (11.3)° to 75 (10.9)°; P = 0.07] and arm oxygen uptake increased by 20 (5)% [from 0.65 (0.07) to 0.78 (0.08) L/min; P < 0.05] because two-arm blood flow increased [from 5.4 (0.6) to 6.3 (0.7) L/min; P < 0.05] with no significant change in oxygen extraction [from 59 (2.3)% to 60 (1.9)%] accompanied with net arm lactate and potassium release. In contrast, two-leg blood flow [from 5.8 (0.5) to 8.0 (0.5) L/min] and oxygen extraction [from 67 (1.3)% to 75 (1.5)%] increased (P < 0.05), resulting in a 53 (8)% increase in leg oxygen uptake [from 0.82 (0.06) to 1.24 (0.07) L/min; P < 0.05]. In conclusion, during double poling on an ergometer, arm muscle metabolism and work rate increase only marginally and an increase in work intensity is covered mainly by the leg muscles.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rud
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Secher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallén
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D012865:Skiing / Q000502:physiology*; D019876:Sports Equipment; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D011188:Potassium; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: arm work; lactate; leg work; oxygen uptake; potassium