title: Cone-beam computed tomography for assessment of palatal displaced canine position: a methodological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the inter- and intraexaminer reliability of a measurement method for evaluation of eruption angles and position of palatal displaced canines (PDCs) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to test the validity of the measured angles on a dry skull.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients (eight boys, 12 girls; age 11.4±1.2 years) were randomly chosen among 67 patients from a study evaluating the interceptive effect of extracting the deciduous canine in children with PDCs. In total, 60 images were analyzed, because each patient had three CBCT examinations (baseline, 6-month control, and endpoint). Two observers assessed the following measurements twice: mesioangular and sagittal angle, vertical position, canine cusp tip, and canine apex to dental arch. The validity of the angular measurements was tested against angular measurements on a dry skull using mathematical formulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inter- and intraexaminer mean differences for angular and linear measurements were all low and statistically insignificant (P>.05). The mean differences between the physical and 3D measurements were 0.5±0.39 mm for the sagittal angle and 0.22±0.19 mm for the mesioangular angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linear and angular measurements on CBCT images are accurate and precise and can be used to assess the precise position of a PDC.
authors.affiliation: a  Consultant Orthodontist, Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naoumova
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kjellberg
authors.forename: Reet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palm
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015588:Observer Variation; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D056739:Pterygopalatine Fossa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014079:Tooth Eruption, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*