title: [Scientific statement] Report of the Salt Reduction Committee of the Japanese Society of Hypertension(1) Role of salt in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
abstract: Dietary salt consumption is closely associated with the level of blood pressure (BP); stricter salt reduction more markedly decreased BP. Obesity/metabolic syndrome, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, exercise and mental stress influence the BP-elevating effect of high-salt diet. Observational and intervention studies suggested that salt restriction improved the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects may differ among the types of the hypertensive complications; salt reduction may decrease the risk of stroke more than that of ischemic heart disease. Small-scale studies demonstrated that excess salt increased the risk of the left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, the urinary protein/albumin levels and end-stage renal failure. These diverse beneficial effects of salt reduction are probably because low-salt diet is an effective strategy to decrease BP and body fluid volume but is less effective to ameliorate the other cardiovascular risk factors. A mean salt intake in Japan is markedly high. Considering the present condition, salt reduction is essential for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawarazaki
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshita
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchihashi
authors.forename: Yuhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004032:Diet; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008019:Life Style; D012955:Societies, Medical; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D012964:Sodium