title: The Biobank of Nephrological Diseases in the Netherlands cohort: the String of Pearls Initiative collaboration on chronic kidney disease in the university medical centers in the Netherlands.
abstract: Despite advances in preventive therapy, prognosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still grim. Clinical cohorts of CKD patients provide a strategic resource to identify factors that drive progression in the context of clinical care and to provide a basis for improvement of outcome. The combination with biobanking, moreover, provides a resource for fundamental and translational studies. In 2007, the Dutch government initiated and funded the String of Pearls Initiative (PSI), a strategic effort to establish infrastructure for disease-based biobanking in the University Medical Centres (UMCs) in the Netherlands, in a 4-year start-up period. CKD was among the conditions selected for biobanking, and this resulted in the establishment of the Biobank of Nephrological Diseases-NL (BIND-NL) cohort. Patients with CKD Stages 1-4 are eligible. The data architecture is designed to reflect routine care, with specific issues added for enrichment, e.g. questionnaires. Thus, the collected clinical and biochemical data are those required by prevailing guidelines for routine nephrology care, with a minimal dataset for all patients, and diagnosis-specific data for the diagnostic categories of primary and secondary glomerular disorders and adult dominant polycystic kidney disease, respectively. The dataset is supplemented by a biobank, containing serum, plasma, urine and DNA. The cohort will be longitudinally monitored, with yearly follow-up for clinical outcome. Future linking of the data to those from the national registries for renal replacement therapy is foreseen to follow the patients' lifeline throughout the different phases of renal disease and different treatment modalities. In the design of the data architecture, care was taken to ensure future exchangeability of data with other CKD cohorts by applying the data harmonization format of the Renal DataSHaPER, with a dataset based upon standardized indicator sets to facilitate collaboration with other CKD cohorts. Enrolment started in 2010, and over 2200 eligible patients have been enrolled in the different UMCs. Follow-up of enrolled patients has started, and enrolment will continue at a slower rate. The aggregation and standardization of clinical data and biosamples from large numbers of CKD patients will be a strategic resource not only for clinical and translational research, but also by its basis in routine clinical care for clinical governance and quality improvement projects.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerjan J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center (UMC), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blankestijn
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Nijmegen (UMCN), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deegens
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: De Fijter
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center Amsterdam (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jaap J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Homan van der Heide
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rabelink
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center Amsterdam (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Raymond T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Krediet
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arjan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kwakernaak
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gozewijn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Laverman
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karel M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leunissen
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Paassen
authors.affiliation: Free University Medical Center (VUMC), The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vervloet
authors.affiliation: Free University Medical Center (VUMC), The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter M Ter
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Nijmegen (UMCN), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jack F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wetzels
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zietse
authors.affiliation: Free University Medical Center (VUMC), The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frans J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Ittersum
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D009398:Nephrology / Q000458:organization & administration; D009426:Netherlands; D011379:Prognosis; D016730:Program Development; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
keywords: BIND-NL; PSI; chronic kidney disease; String of Pearls Initiative; biobank; renal data shaper