title: Simultaneous determinations of zirconium, hafnium, yttrium and lanthanides in seawater according to a co-precipitation technique onto iron-hydroxide.
abstract: Very low concentrations (pg mL(-1) or sub-pg mL(-1) level) along with the high salinity are the main problems in determining trace metal contents in seawater. This problem is mainly considered for investigations of naturally occurring YLOID (Y and Lanthanides) and Zr and Hf in order to provide precise and accurate results. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), both in high and low resolution, offers many advantages including simultaneous analyses of all elements and their quantitative determination with detection limits of the order of pg mL(-1). However in the analysis of YLOID in seawater, a better determination needs an efficient combination of ICP-MS measurement with a pre-concentration technique. To perform an ultra-trace analysis in seawater, we have validated an analytical procedure involving an improved modified co-precipitation on iron hydroxides to ensure the simultaneous quantitative recovery of YLOID, Zr and Hf contents with measurement by a quadrupole ICP-MS. The validity of the method was assessed through a series of co-precipitation experiments and estimation of several quality control parameters for method validation, namely working range and its linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, precision and spike recoveries, and the methodological blank choice, are introduced, evaluated and discussed. Analysis of NASS-6, is the first report on the latest seawater reference material for YLOID, hafnium and zirconium.
authors.affiliation: D.I.S.T.E.M. Department, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi, 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: rasomaria.mr@libero.it.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raso
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Censi
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saiano
mesh_terms: D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D006195:Hafnium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011786:Quality Control; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015019:Yttrium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D014131:Trace Elements; C021024:ferric hydroxide; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium; D006195:Hafnium
keywords: Certified reference material; Co-precipitation; Lanthanides; Method quantification limit; Seawater; Validation