title: Immune activation and viral replication after vaccination with an influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine in HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Immunization with a pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 was recommended for HIV-infected patients. However, there is limited information concerning the impact of immunization with this vaccine on immune activation and HIV viral replication. In this study, 45 HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy were immunized with a 2-dose series of nonadjuvated monovalent influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine upon enrollment and approximately 1 month later. Immunogenicity was determined by haemagglutination inhibition assay. The level of immune activation was determined by identification of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ T cells. Patients were divided into 2 groups which include patients who had an undetectable HIV viral load (HIV detectable group) and patients who show virological failure (HIV nondetectable group). The results showed seroconversion rate of 55.2% in HIV nondetectable group, whereas 31.3% was found in HIV detectable group. Both groups of patients showed no major increase in immune activation after immunization. Interestingly, a decrease in the frequency of CD8+ T cells that coexpressed CD38 and HLA-DR was observed after immunization in both groups of patients. We suggested that immunization with influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine can induce immune response to the pandemic virus without major impact on HIV viral replication and immune activation.
authors.affiliation: Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand ; Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nattawat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onlamoon
authors.forename: Petai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Unpol
authors.forename: Michittra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boonchan
authors.forename: Kasama
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sukapirom
authors.forename: Orasri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wittawatmongkol
authors.forename: Kulkanya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chokephaibulkit
authors.forename: Palanee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ammaranond
authors.forename: Kovit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pattanapanyasat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D014611:Vaccination; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines