title: Brainnetome-wide association studies in schizophrenia: the advances and future.
abstract: Convergent evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are the result of faulty brain networks. To understand the pathophysiological network mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, it is necessary to integrate multi-level network features obtained using various functional and anatomical brain imaging technologies on different scales. We have proposed a new concept, the brainnetome, to represent this integrative framework. In the present review, we use schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by dysconnectivity, to demonstrate how the brainnetome concept can be applied to the study of psychiatric disorders. We first review studies of abnormal brain networks in schizophrenia that are based on single regions of interest. We then present some advances and challenges in understanding the malfunctions of specific brain networks in schizophrenia. Some recent advances and challenges in understanding abnormal whole brain networks in schizophrenia are also presented. We next briefly introduce a few studies that show how genes related to the risk for schizophrenia affect brain networks. Finally, we present a brief discussion about how the brainnetome concept may influence future research and provide a perspective on challenges in this field.
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China. Electronic address: jiangtz@nlpr.ia.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Tianzi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Brain networks; Effective connectivity; Functional connectivity; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Schizophrenia