title: Biofunctional quantum dots as fluorescence probe for cell-specific targeting.
abstract: We describe here the synthesis, characterization, bioconjugation, and application of water-soluble thioglycolic acid TGA-capped CdTe/CdS quantum dots (TGA-QDs) for targeted cellular imaging. Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibodies were conjugated to TGA-QDs to target HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. TGA-QDs and TGA-QDs/anti-HER2 bioconjugates were characterized by fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrodynamic sizing, electron microscopy, and gel electrophoresis. TGA-QDs and TGA-QDs/anti-HER2 were incubated with cells to examine cytotoxicity, targeting efficiency, and cellular localization. The cytotoxicity of particles was measured using an MTT assay and the no observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), and total lethal concentration (TLC) were calculated. To evaluate localization and targeting efficiency of TGA-QDs with or without antibodies, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were performed. Our results indicate that antibody-conjugated TGA-QDs are well-suited for targeted cellular imaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ag
authors.affiliation: Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bongartz
authors.affiliation: Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 35430 Urla-Izmir, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Leyla Eral
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Muharrem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seleci
authors.affiliation: Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Johanna-G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Dilek Odaci
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Demirkol
authors.affiliation: Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.affiliation: Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 35430 Urla-Izmir, Turkiye.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozcelik
authors.affiliation: Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkiye. Electronic address: suna.timur@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timur
authors.affiliation: Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scheper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D002477:Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000378:metabolism*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013691:Tellurium / Q000737:chemistry; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000378:metabolism; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D013691:Tellurium; D013864:Thioglycolates; C017487:2-mercaptoacetate; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C028337:cadmium telluride
keywords: Anti-HER2; Bioconjugation; Cell specific targeting; Imaging; Quantum dots