title: Drunken environments: a survey of bartenders working in pubs, bars and nightclubs.
abstract: There is evidence that bartenders play a key role in respect of the health and safety of patrons in nightlife environments. However, little is known of how bartenders themselves are affected by the environments in which they work, especially with regard to their exposure to violence, pressure to drink and stress. We used a cross-sectional survey to assess the experiences of bartenders (n = 424) working in pubs, bars and nightclubs in Denmark. 71% of the respondents reported drinking while working, 6% reported using other drugs than alcohol at work, and 33% reported drinking even when they did not feel like it because of pressure to drink at work. Verbal assaults and threats were common and associated with higher levels of perceived stress. Bartenders' work environment poses a risk for the development of alcohol use disorders. The fact that many bartenders consume significant quantities of alcohol during their working hours may pose a risk not only to their own safety, but also to that of their colleagues and patrons.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Artillerivej 90, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark. mh@crf.au.dk.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tutenges
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bøgkjær
authors.forename: Maj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hesse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication; D000437:Alcoholism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014754:Violence; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult