title: Early recurrence and progression of a rare rectal squamous cell carcinoma after initial response to primary chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: Rectal squamous cell carcinomas represent an extremely rare malignancy which carries a significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis requires distinction from squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and colonic adenocarcinoma by endoscopy and histopathological examination of a biopsy. Due to the rarity of the pathology, available evidence is limited and optimum management has yet to be elucidated. Older reports favored radical surgical management, but recent reports in the literature recommend judicious use of primary chemoradiotherapy. We herein report the diagnosis and management of a male patient with an aggressive, locally advanced rectal squamous cell carcinoma treated with good results with primary chemoradiotherapy. Six months after completion of therapy, however, extensive recurrence and metastases were diagnosed. This case highlights the need for stringent clinical and radiological follow-up.
authors.forename: Niamh M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Myles R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D003113:Colonoscopy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053555:Keratin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D053553:Keratin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; D053555:Keratin-5; D053553:Keratin-6; D008565:Membrane Proteins