title: Analysis of reactive oxygen species, Ca²+ , and Hsp70 in the gill and mantle of clams Ruditapes philippinarum exposed in cadmium.
abstract: In this study, the probes 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2 DCF-DA) and Fluo-3 AM were used to investigate the instantaneous change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) in the gill and mantle of clams Ruditapes philippinarum exposed in 0.05 mg L(-1) Cd(2+) with the laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicated that Ca(2+) level was declined in the gill and slightly increased in the mantle. The level of ROS was declined in the gill, while the oscillation of ROS level was observed in the mantle. These data revealed that Ca(2+) could stimulate mitochondrial activity and enhance the respiratory chain in the gill and mantle. In addition, the expression of Hsp70 was increased in the gill and mantle of clams exposed in 0.05 mg L(-1) Cd(2+) . The change of Ca(2+) and ROS level affected the expression of Hsp70 in the gill and mantle. An appropriate method was established to analyze the effects of Cd(2+) on ROS, Ca(2+) , and Hsp70 in the gill and mantle of clams with confocal microscopy. Both confocal microscopy and chemical fluorescent are valuable tools for measurement of time-dependent intracellular ROS and Ca(2+) signals.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255049, China; Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255049, China.
authors.forename: Dongwu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000662:veterinary; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Ruditapes philippinarum; cadmium; calcium ion; confocal microscopy; reactive oxygen species