title: A field and modeling study of fractured rock permeability reduction using microbially induced calcite precipitation.
abstract: Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) offers an attractive alternative to traditional grouting technologies for creating barriers to groundwater flow and containing subsurface contamination, but has only thus far been successfully demonstrated at the laboratory scale and predominantly in porous media. We present results of the first field experiments applying MICP to reduce fractured rock permeability in the subsurface. Initially, the ureolytic bacterium, Sporosarcina pasteurii, was fixed in the fractured rock. Subsequent injection of cementing fluid comprising calcium chloride and urea resulted in precipitation of large quantities (approximately 750 g) of calcite; significant reduction in the transmissivity of a single fracture over an area of several m(2) was achieved in around 17 h of treatment. A novel numerical model is also presented which simulates the field data well by coupling flow and bacterial and solute reactive transport processes including feedback due to aperture reduction via calcite precipitation. The results show that MICP can be successfully manipulated under field conditions to reduce the permeability of fractured rock and suggest that an MICP-based technique, informed by numerical models, may form the basis of viable solutions to aid pollution mitigation.
authors.affiliation: Water Sciences (Hydrogeology), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K. .
authors.forename: Mark O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Cuthbert
authors.forename: Lindsay A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handley-Sidhu
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Dominique J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.forename: Vernon R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Phoenix
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000378:metabolism*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010539:Permeability; D016062:Porosity; D058644:Sporosarcina / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism; D014872:Water Movements; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014508:Urea; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002122:Calcium Chloride