title: Hand grip strength and its correlation with vitamin D in Indian patients with hip fracture.
abstract: This case-control study was performed to evaluate 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency and its correlation with hand grip strength in 95 Indian hip fracture subjects and 95 controls. 25(OH)D deficiency was found in 88.4 % of hip fracture subjects that was significantly higher as compared to controls. Hand grip strength as measured by hand held dynamometer was significantly lower in patients, and there was a significant positive correlation between 25(OH)D and hand grip strength.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to assess correlation between 25(OH) D and hand grip strength in hip fracture subjects residing in North India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients with hip fracture and similar number of controls were enrolled in the study. Fasting venous samples were analyzed for 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphate. Hand grip strength of study subjects was measured using Jamar dynamometer. Correlation between vitamin D levels and hand grip strength was analyzed in study population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of hip fracture subjects was 61.4 ± 12.6 years which was comparable in men and women. Out of 95 subjects, 57 were men and 38 were women. Mean 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower whereas intact PTH levels were significantly higher in patient group compared controls (10.29 ± 6.53 vs 13.6 ± 4.01 ng/ml; 62.6 ± 59.3 vs 37.7 ± 28.8 pg/ml, respectively). The number of subjects with 25(OH)D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism was significantly higher in hip fracture group. The mean hand grip strength among hip fracture subjects was significantly lower compared to that of controls (16.57 ± 5.74 vs 26.74 ± 5.23 kg). There was a significant positive correlation between 25(OH)D and hand grip strength ( r = 0.482, p value <0.01) in hip fracture population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Majority of hip fracture patients in India have vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and lower hand grip strength compared to controls. Further, there is significant positive correlation between 25(OH)D and hand grip strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India, dineshdhanwal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dhanwal
authors.forename: Pramila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dharmshaktu
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Alpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D