title: Co-encapsulation of antioxidants into niosomal carriers: gastrointestinal release studies for nutraceutical applications.
abstract: Recently niosomes have been used as nutraceutical vehicles of functional components, useful in the prevention of many diseases caused by oxidative stress, with the aim to control their delivery into the body and to increase the nutritional quality of food dairy products with which these products can be enriched. We decided to develop novel niosomal formulations containing nutritional supplements such as gallic acid, ascorbic acid, curcumin and quercetin as single agents and in combination, to evaluate the effect of the active molecules co-encapsulation on the physico-chemical properties of the carriers, on their antioxidant properties and capability of releasing the encapsulated materials. Results suggest that the co-encapsulations of gallic acid/curcumin and ascorbic acid/quercetin mix influence their physico-chemical properties and their entrapment efficiencies respect to the formulations containing the single antioxidant; also the antioxidants releases appeared to improve and their combinations resulted in a promoted ability of reducing free radicals, due to a synergic antioxidant action.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica, Elettronica e Sistemistica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 39/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy. Electronic address: rita.muzzalupo@unical.it.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muzzalupo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
authors.forename: Nevio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Picci
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica, Elettronica e Sistemistica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 39/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Cindio
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008081:Liposomes; D010851:Picrates; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Antioxidants; Co-encapsulation; Gastro-intestinal release; Niosomes