title: Oxidative stress in diabetes: implications for vascular and other complications.
abstract: In recent decades, oxidative stress has become a focus of interest in most biomedical disciplines and many types of clinical research. Increasing evidence shows that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity, cancer, ageing, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension, apoptosis, cardiovascular diseases, and heart failure. Based on these studies, an emerging concept is that oxidative stress is the "final common pathway" through which the risk factors for several diseases exert their deleterious effects. Oxidative stress causes a complex dysregulation of cell metabolism and cell-cell homeostasis; in particular, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. These are the two most relevant mechanisms in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications, the leading cause of death in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical School, Largo Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy. carmine.cardillo@rm.unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitocco
authors.forename: Manfredi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tesauro
authors.forename: Rizzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alessandro
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghirlanda
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cardillo
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*