title: The prevalence of smoking and the knowledge of smoking hazards and smoking cessation strategies among HIV- positive patients in Johannesburg, South Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the detrimental effects of smoking among HIV-positive patients have been well documented, there is a paucity of data regarding cigarette smoking prevalence among these patients in South Africa (SA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the frequency, demographics, knowledge of harmful effects, and knowledge of smoking cessation strategies among HIV-positive patients in Johannesburg, SA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire to interview HIV-positive patients attending the HIV Clinic at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital between 1 July and 31 October 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 207 HIV-positive patients attending an antiretroviral therapy (ART) roll-out clinic, 31 (15%) were current smokers (23.2% of males and 7.4% of females) and a further 45 (21.7%) were ex-smokers. Most of the current smokers (30/31 patients) indicated their wish to quit smoking, and among the group as a whole, most patients were aware of the general (82.1%) and HIV-related (77.8%) risks of smoking and of methods for quitting smoking. Despite this, however, most (62.3%) were not aware of who they could approach for assistance and advice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the relatively high prevalence of current and ex-smokers among HIV-positive patients, there is a need for the introduction of smoking-cessation strategies and assistance at ART roll-out clinics in SA.
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. peter.waweru@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waweru
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: W D Francois
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Venter
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires