title: Synthesis of laboratory Ultrasound Contrast Agents.
abstract: Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCAs) were developed to maximize reflection contrast so that organs can be seen clearly in ultrasound imaging. UCAs increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) by linear and non-linear mechanisms and thus help more accurately visualize the internal organs and blood vessels. However, the UCAs on the market are not only expensive, but are also not optimized for use in various therapeutic research applications such as ultrasound-aided drug delivery. The UCAs fabricated in this study utilize conventional lipid and albumin for shell formation and perfluorobutane as the internal gas. The shape and density of the UCA bubbles were verified by optical microscopy and Cryo SEM, and compared to those of the commercially available UCAs, Definity® and Sonovue®. The size distribution and characteristics of the reflected signal were also analyzed using a particle size analyzer and ultrasound imaging equipment. Our experiments indicate that UCAs composed of spherical microbubbles, the majority of which were smaller than 1 um, were successfully synthesized. Microbubbles 10 um or larger were also identified when different shell characteristics and filters were used. These laboratory UCAs can be used for research in both diagnoses and therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Maeji-ri, Heungeop-myeon, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, Korea. jongbums@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jingam
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Donghee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Unchul
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sanghyub
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Chihyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Han Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kiju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Bongkwang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jaemin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jongbum
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D045423:Microbubbles; D010316:Particle Size; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D003287:Contrast Media; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; C108042:perfluorobutane; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; C042852:perflutren