title: Equine-associated maxillofacial injuries: retrospective 5-year analysis.
abstract: We explored the relation between the causes of facial injuries in equestrians and the presence or absence of associated injuries. Over a 5-year period we retrospectively reviewed all patients who presented to the John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, with facial injuries that had resulted from activity with horses. We analysed the rates of hard and soft tissue injuries, and of associated injuries by sex and mechanism. A total of 85 patients were included (50 female and 35 male) with an age range of 2-88 years. There was a significant difference in the rate of maxillofacial and associated injuries when groups were analysed for sex and mechanism of injury. Facial injuries caused by falling from a horse were more often associated with other injuries in men than in women (p<0.05), and men were 4 times more likely to present with associated injuries than women (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.1 to 14) We also found significant differences in the rates of facial fracture. Women who had been kicked by a horse were more likely to sustain bony injuries than men (p<0.05). Our data confirm the association between kicks and facial fracture, and this may provide an impetus for the development of appropriate protective equipment. Patients who sustain facial injuries when falling from a horse often present with associated injuries and this has practical implications for clinicians involved in their management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK. Electronic address: drshafiqislam@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Shofiq
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Wessex Deanery, Southern House, Ottobourne, Hampshire, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle, Consultant Maxillofacial surgeon, The John Hunter Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Australia; Equine; Facial fracture; Horse related; Maxillofacial injury; Trauma