title: Comparison of neuroprotective effects of extract and fractions from Agarum clathratum against experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemic damage.
abstract: CONTEXTS: Agarum clathratum (Laminariaceae), a typical brown algae, has been identified by National Plant Quarantine Service in Korea. The extract of A. clathratum has antioxidant activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the neuroprotective effects of crude-extract, ethyl acetate (EA)-, n-butanol (BU)-, dichloromethane (DCM)- and n-hexane (Hx)-fractions from A. clathratum on ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Agarum clathratum was collected in Kangwon province (South Korea) and treated with 95% ethanol. The ethanol extract was suspended in distilled water and subjected to a series of partitions with EA, BU, DCM and Hx. Each of extract and fraction was orally administered with 50 mg/kg once a day for one week before ischemia--reperfusion (I-R).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the crude-extract-, EA- and BU-fraction-treated ischemia groups, we found strong neuroprotection in the CA1--about 80-89% of CA1 pyramidal neurons survived. However, in the DCM- and Hx-fraction-treated ischemia groups, we did not find any significant neuroprotection. In addition, we observed changes in astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1. In the crude-extract, EA- and BU-fraction-treated ischemia groups, the distribution pattern and activity of the glial cells were similar to that found in the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated supplements of crude-extract, EA- and BU-fractions of A. clathratum could protect neurons from I-R injury in the hippocampal CA1 induced by transient cerebral ischemia via decrease of glial activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , South Korea .
authors.forename: In Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Joon Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bing Chun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ji Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jae-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyuk Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jong-Dai
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Myeong
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Guan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Il-Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Moo-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012997:Solvents