title: Budget impact analysis of conversion from cyclosporine to sirolimus as immunosuppressive medication in renal transplantation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine budget impact of conversion from cyclosporine (CsA) to sirolimus (SRL) in renal transplant therapy (RTT) from the perspective of insurance organizations in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Excel-based model was developed to determine cost of RTT, comparing current CsA based therapy to an mTOR inhibitor-based therapy regimen. Total cost included both cost of immunosuppressive agents and relative adverse events. The inputs were derived from database of Ministry of Health and insurance organizations, hospital and pharmacy based registries, and available literature that were varied through a one-way sensitivity analysis. According to the model, there were almost 17,000 patients receiving RTT in Iran, out of which about 2,200 patients underwent the operation within the study year. The model was constructed based on the results of a local RCT, in which test and control groups received CsA, SRL, and steroids over the first 3 months posttransplantation and, from the fourth month on, CsA, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and steroids were used in the CsA group and SRL, MMF, and steroids were administered in the SRL group, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated cost of RTT with CsA was US$4,850,000 versus US$4,300,000 receiving SRL. These costs corresponded to the cost saving of almost US$550,000 for the payers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To evaluate the financial consequence of adding mTOR inhibitors to the insurers' formulary, in the present study, a budget impact analysis was conducted on sirolimus. Fewer cases of costly adverse events along with lower required doses of MMF related to SRL based therapies were major reasons for this saving budgetary impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Naghmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foroutan
authors.forename: Hamid R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rasekh
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salamzadeh
authors.forename: Hamid R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jamshidi
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nafar
keywords: budget impact; health insurance; mTOR inhibitors; out-of-pocket; renal transplantation