title: [Application of direct lymphangiography in the diagnosis of primary chyluria].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the role of direct lymphangiography in the diagnosis of primary chyluria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iodized oil was infused into lymphatic vessel of unilateral foot in 25 cases. The condition of lymphatic system imaging was dynamically observed via Innova 2100-IQ digital flat-panel angiography system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of them underwent direct lymphangiography. The results revealed unilateral (n = 18) or bilateral (n = 7) renal reflux of contrast media. Among 22 stenotic cases, there were partial (n = 18) or whole (n = 4) cervical section of thoracic duct, no imaging in cervicothoracic section of thoracic duct (n = 1); thin imaging in cervical section and partial thoracic section (n = 2); retroperitoneal lymphangictasia & tortuous lymphatic vessels (n = 21); reflux of contrast medium to pelvic and/or contralateral sacroiliac part (n = 13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capable of acquiring dynamic images of chyle (lymph) circulation, direct lymphangiography provides accurate estimation for the location, scope, extent of lesions of renal chylous reflux in primary chyluria so as to guide surgery. Stenotic cervical section of thoracic duct plays an important etiologic role in primary chyluria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lymphatic Surgery, Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Jian-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Yu-guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Wen-bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008220:Lymphography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media