title: Surface microanalysis and chemical imaging of early dentin remineralization.
abstract: This study reports physical and chemical changes that occur at early dentin remineralization stages. Extracted human third molars were sectioned to obtain dentin discs. After polishing the dentin surfaces, three groups were established: (1) untreated dentin (UD), (2) 37% phosphoric acid application for 15 s (partially demineralized dentin-PDD), and (3) 10% phosphoric acid for 12 h at 25° C (totally demineralized dentin-TDD). Five different remineralizing solutions were used: chlorhexidine (CHX), artificial saliva (AS), phosphate solution (PS), ZnCl2, and ZnO. Wettability (contact angle), ζ potential and Raman spectroscopy analysis were determined on dentin surfaces. Demineralization of dentin resulted in a higher contact angle. Wettability decreased after immersion in all solutions. ζ potential analysis showed dissimilar performance ranging from -6.21 mV (TDD + AS) up to 3.02 mV (PDD + PS). Raman analysis showed an increase in mineral components after immersing the dentin specimens, in terms of crystallinity, mineral content, and concentration. This confirmed the optimal incorporation and deposition of mineral on dentin collagen. Organic content reflected scarce changes, except in TDD that appeared partially denatured. Pyridinium, as an expression of cross-linking, appeared in all spectra except in specimens immersed in PS.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Applied Physics Section, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel Cabrerizo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vílchez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Applied Physics Section, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osorio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D017001:Tooth Demineralization; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C030242:phosphoric acid; D002710:Chlorhexidine