title: Impact of a functionalized olive oil extract on the uterus and the bone in a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables and olive oil has been related to a lower osteoporosis incidence and accordingly to a reduced fracture risk. These observations might be mediated by the active constituents of extra virgin olive oil, and especially polyphenols. In the context of exploring the features of olive oil active constituents on postmenopausal osteoporosis, an extra virgin olive oil total polyphenolic fraction (TPF) was isolated and its effect on the bone loss attenuation was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Lewis rats were ovariectomized and fed a diet enriched with a total phenolic extract of extra virgin olive oil in a concentration of 800 mg/kg diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oleocanthal, one compound of the polyphenolic fraction, showed a higher relative estrogen receptor binding affinity to the ERα compared to the ERβ. While the TPF only slightly induced the uterine wet weight (490.7 ± 53.7 vs. 432.7 ± 23, p = 0.058), TPF regulated estrogen response genes in the uterus (progesterone receptor, antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki67, complement C3). Comparing the quantified bone parameters, the oral TPF substitution did not attenuate the ovariectomy-induced bone loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of extra virgin olive oil polyphenols regulated uterine estrogen response marker genes in an E2-agonistic manner. The bone loss induced by estrogen ablation was not mitigated by treatment with the polyphenolic extract.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany, Annekathrin.Keiler@tu-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Annekathrin Martina
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Keiler
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zierau
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scharnweber
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lemonakis
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Termetzi
authors.forename: Leandros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skaltsounis
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halabalaki
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects*; D000081004:Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069463:Olive Oil; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects*; D000097983:ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000081004:Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D000097983:ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor; C503534:oleocanthal