title: Injectable, high modulus, and fatigue resistant composite scaffold for load-bearing soft tissue regeneration.
abstract: High modulus, two-phase, bicontinuous scaffolds were prepared by photocross-linking an aqueous suspension of chondrocytes and N-methacrylate glycol chitosan with a hydrolyzable, hydrophobic, acrylated star-copolymer. Two acrylated star-copolymers were examined: poly(ε-caprolactone-co-d,l-lactide) (5446DLLACL) and poly(ε-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate) (7030TMCCL). The scaffolds were assessed for injectability, two-phase interconnectivity, fatigue resistance, and long-term static culture behavior. The 7030TMCCL scaffolds demonstrated decreased moduli of 17% after 1 × 10(6) cycles at 30% strain and 5% after 56 days in culture, compared to the 5446DLLACL scaffolds, which exhibited decreases of 58 and 68%, respectively. The 7030TMCCL scaffolds accumulated more extracellular matrix after 56 days of culture (GAG: 20.1 ± 1, collagen: 35.5 ± 1.8 μg) compared to 5446DLLACL scaffolds (GAG: 13.2 ± 0.6, collagen: 6.2 ± 3.4 μg). Overall, the 7030TMCCL-based scaffolds were shown to be better suited for use as a load bearing soft tissue scaffold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada.
authors.forename: James W S
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hayami
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Waldman
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Amsden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D007267:Injections; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D012038:Regeneration; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D007783:Lactones; D011091:Polyesters; C410438:TMC-ECL copolymer; C505727:poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-lactide)