title: Innate and adaptive immune responses against picornaviruses and their counteractions: An overview.
abstract: Picornaviruses, small positive-stranded RNA viruses, cause a wide range of diseases which is based on their differential tissue and cell type tropisms. This diversity is reflected by the immune responses, both innate and adaptive, induced after infection, and the subsequent interactions of the viruses with the immune system. The defense mechanisms of the host and the countermeasures of the virus significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of the infections. Important human pathogens are poliovirus, coxsackievirus, human rhinovirus and hepatitis A virus. These viruses are the best-studied members of the family, and in this review we want to present the major aspects of the reciprocal effects between the immune system and these viruses.
authors.affiliation: Andreas Dotzauer, Leena Kraemer, Department of Virology, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dotzauer
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kraemer
keywords: Adaptive immune system; Antibody response and inflammation; Apoptosis; Coxsackievirus; Hepatitis A virus; Human rhinovirus; Innate immune system; Interferon and cytokines; Picornaviruses and infection; Poliovirus