title: Factors associated with weight gain after smoking cessation therapy in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cessation is often followed by weight gain, which may attenuate motivation to sustain a quit attempt.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to identify factors associated with weight gain in smokers who received smoking cessation therapy (SCT) in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The weight change in 283 smokers between baseline and 12 months after finishing SCT was observed. Factors associated with marked weight gain of 3.5 kg or more were identified using stepwise logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking cessation success was 83% (234/283) at the completion of SCT but decreased to 69% (194/283) 12 months later. Twelve months after the end of SCT, age 50 and over (OR = 0.38, 95% CI [0.19, 0.76]) and varenicline use (OR = 0.30, 95% CI [0.11, 0.78]) were protected against marked weight gain, whereas presence of a comorbidity (OR = 3.33, 95% CI [1.10, 10.00]), high level of nicotine dependence at baseline (OR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.09, 3.92]), and successfully quitting smoking (OR = 4.57, 95% CI [1.94, 10.08]) were associated with marked weight gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the factors associated with weight gain after smoking cessation can help in the design of nursing interventions to lessen or prevent weight gain among smokers who try to quit.
authors.affiliation: Chie Taniguchi, RN, is Research Nurse, Department of Nursing, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center and Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. Hideo Tanaka, MD, PhD, is Chief; Isao Oze, MD, PhD, is Senior Researcher; and Hidemi Ito, MD, PhD, is Section Head, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan. Hideo Saka, MD, is Chair, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Japan. Kazunobu Tachibana, MD, PhD, is Director, Department of Education and Training, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan. Akihiro Tokoro, MD, is Psycho-oncologist, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan. Yasuhiro Nozaki, MD, PhD, is Chief, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Japan. Nobuyo Nakamichi, RN, is Research Nurse, Department of Nursing, Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Japan. Yukio Suzuki, MD, PhD, is Professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Japan. Hiroshi Suehisa, MD, PhD, is Thoracic Surgeon, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan. Hisataka Sakakibara, MD, PhD, is Professor, Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oze
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokoro
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Nobuyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suehisa
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D000068580:Varenicline; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068580:Varenicline