title: High genome heterozygosity and endemic genetic recombination in the wheat stripe rust fungus.
abstract: Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. Here we report a 110-Mb draft sequence of Pst isolate CY32, obtained using a 'fosmid-to-fosmid' strategy, to better understand its race evolution and pathogenesis. The Pst genome is highly heterozygous and contains 25,288 protein-coding genes. Compared with non-obligate fungal pathogens, Pst has a more diverse gene composition and more genes encoding secreted proteins. Re-sequencing analysis indicates significant genetic variation among six isolates collected from different continents. Approximately 35% of SNPs are in the coding sequence regions, and half of them are non-synonymous. High genetic diversity in Pst suggests that sexual reproduction has an important role in the origin of different regional races. Our results show the effectiveness of the 'fosmid-to-fosmid' strategy for sequencing dikaryotic genomes and the feasibility of genome analysis to understand race evolution in Pst and other obligate pathogens.
authors.affiliation: 1] State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China [2] Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crop in Henan Province and College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China [3].
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jinqun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xianming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Chuangzhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huiquan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xueling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Gangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jinshan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhongtao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qingmei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hongchang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaoning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peixiang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Linfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Huanming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jin-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gengyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhensheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D006579:Heterozygote; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence