title: A network evaluation of attitudes toward gays and lesbians among U.S. military cadets.
abstract: The U.S. military's ban on open homosexuality has become an increasingly salient issue since its implementation in 1993 and its repeal in 2011. The military is an organization with a unique professional and social organization. Evaluating military attitudes from a network perspective may offer insight into the role of formal and informal leadership in engendering attitudinal change and cultural tolerance around homosexuality. This study evaluates the role of network centrality and network exposure across formal (command networks) and informal (friendship and perceived leadership networks) structures on attitudes toward homosexuality in the military. This work analyzes survey data from a single cadet company within the U.S. Military Academy (n = 139) prior to the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. Results indicate that popular students tend to show tolerance toward homosexuality, whereas those who hold command leadership positions are more likely to have personal and professional opposition to homosexuality. In addition, formal superior-subordinate relationships are somewhat more likely to suggest social contagion compared to informal leadership and friendship relationships. Recommendations offer guidance for training strategies particularly with respect to a military leaders and socialization. Future research should monitor these issues relative to the post-DADT environment.
authors.affiliation: a United States Military Academy, West Point , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Coronges
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Christina I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.forename: Morten G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ender
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D063509:Homophobia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D060756:Social Networking; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult