title: A comparative study of intraocular pressure measurement by three tonometers in normal subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contact Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is gold standard for measuring intraocular pressure; however its routine use is limited by its non-portability and the need for a Slit Lamp Microscope. The Portable Perkins tonometer is also considered gold standard because it is based on the same principles as the GAT. The iCare is a newly introduced, portable, non-contact tonometer (NCT) that measures intraocular pressure (IOP) using a thin metallic probe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate reliability and accuracy of IOP measurements using iCare and Keeler Pulsair tonometers against Perkins tonometer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative, randomized, prospective clinical study conducted on 166 eyes of 83 (n=83) subjects in the age group 14 to 71 years. The pressures were first recorded by iCare and Pulsair and then by Perkins. The SPSS 11.00 version was used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pressures and standard deviation (+/-SD) for iCare, Pulsair and Perkins were 14.62(+/- 2.47), 14.53(+/-3.36) and 13.06(+/-2.69) and the Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) was 0.27, 0.36 and 0.30 respectively. There was a good correlation between iCare and Perkins with statistically significant difference (r=0.610, p less than 0.05). Regression analysis was performed. Using the Bland-Altman analysis 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) for iCare and Pulsair were determined as -6.1 to 2.9 and -4.5 to 7.5 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both tonometers overestimated the Perkins values, Pulsair showed a better agreement with Perkins tonometer than iCare tonometer.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mahesh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanthamallappa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine