title: Nuclear imaging modalities for cardiac amyloidosis.
abstract: Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by localized or systemic deposition of insoluble extracellular fibrillary proteins in organs and tissues. Several types of amyloid can infiltrate the heart resulting in a restrictive cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Scintigraphy is a noninvasive method that may facilitate early diagnosis, distinguish various forms of cardiac amyloid, and may be useful in following disease burden. The amyloid-specific tracers presented in this article have been used with planar imaging and/or single-photon emission computed tomography. To date, there are no approved cardiac amyloid tracers although investigational tracers are currently under examination. This article serves to review the current nuclear imaging modalities available in the detection of cardiac amyloid.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory, New York, NY, USA, sb605@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Sabahat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.forename: Reehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.forename: Mathew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Maurer
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine / Q000737:chemistry; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D018450:Disease Progression; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013667:Technetium / Q000737:chemistry; D016698:Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C033905:technetium Tc 99m 1,1-diphosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine; D016698:Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate; D013667:Technetium