title: Physiology and pharmacology of the enteroendocrine hormone glucagon-like peptide-2.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33-amino-acid proglucagon-derived peptide secreted from enteroendocrine L cells. GLP-2 circulates at low basal levels in the fasting period, and plasma levels rise rapidly after food ingestion. Renal clearance and enzymatic inactivation control the elimination of bioactive GLP-2. GLP-2 increases mesenteric blood flow and activates proabsorptive pathways in the gut, facilitating nutrient absorption. GLP-2 also enhances gut barrier function and induces proliferative and cytoprotective pathways in the small bowel. The actions of GLP-2 are transduced via a single G protein-coupled receptor (GLP-2R), expressed predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract. Disruption of GLP-2R signaling increases susceptibility to gut injury and impairs the adaptive mucosal response to refeeding. Sustained augmentation of GLP-2R signaling reduces the requirement for parenteral nutrition in human subjects with short-bowel syndrome. Hence GLP-2 integrates nutrient-derived signals to optimize mucosal integrity and energy absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5; email: d.drucker@utoronto.ca , b.yusta@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Drucker
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yusta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D000067758:Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D000067758:Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon