title: [Endotracheal intubation with the GlideScope®, the Airtraq®, the McGrath® videolaryngoscope and direct laryngoscopy: a comparative study on an infant manikin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary purpose of this experimental study was to compare intubation times for direct laryngoscopy with a Miller blade and for 3 VL: GlideScope® videolaryngoscope, Airtraq®, and McGrath®.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven operators, with various experience of pediatric tracheal intubation (from none to expert), performed 10 attempts of orotracheal intubation with each device on an infant manikin. The main outcome was intubation time and secondary outcome was failure rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in intubation time from the first to the 10th intubation attempt with all devices (P<0.05). This decrease was no more significant following the third attempt with VL and following the fifth attempt with DL. At the time of the 10th attempt, intubation time was significantly shorter with Airtraq® as compared with all the other devices (P<0.05), but the differences were tight. Failure was significantly more frequent with DL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this infant manikin model, the learning curve of the different VL was 3 attempts and the Airtraq® VL appears the airway device enabling the quickest orotracheal intubation. These experimental results need to be confirmed by clinical studies in infants and children.
authors.affiliation: Service d'anesthésie réanimation, centre hospitalier universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France. Electronic address: gilles.orliaguet@nck.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Orliaguet
authors.forename: R-M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Blot
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bourdaud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dogaru
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carli
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008348:Manikins; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Children; Enfant; Intubation; Manikin; Mannequin; Tracheal intubation; Videolaryngoscope; Vidéo-laryngoscope