title: Can reproductive characteristics predict bladder cancer in women with haematuria?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among women with haematuria, defining individuals under high risk for bladder cancer based on reproductive factors prior to cystoscopy would be of great benefit in the management of this condition. The aim of this study was to compare age and reproductive factors such as menopausal status, parity, age at first delivery and age at the last delivery between women who have haematuria with or without bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 463 patients underwent diagnostic cystoscopy in Duzce University Faculty of Medicine between 1 June 2008 and 1 June 2013. Female patients who presented with persistent microscopic or macroscopic haematuria and underwent standard evaluation for haematuria including urinalysis, urine culture, urine cytology, urinary tract imaging with excretory urography or computerized tomography with contrast enhancement and endoscopic evaluation of the urethra and bladder were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were tobacco use and high risk occupations for bladder cancer such as textile, dry cleaning, painting and etc. Fourteen women had hematuria due to benign conditions, and 18 due to bladder cancer. Data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records of Duzce University Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with haematuria due to benign reasons did not significantly differ from patients who were found to have bladder cancer in terms of age (p=0.28), menopausal status (p=0.29), mean parity (p=0.38), being nulliparous (p=0.57), parity ≥ 3 (p=0.22), age ≤ 18 years at first delivery (p=1.00), age ≥ 30 years at last delivery (p=0.26), age ≥ 35 years at last delivery (p=0.23) and percentage of the patients with advanced age (≥ 65 years) (p=0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is difficult to predict a high risk for developing bladder cancer in women with haematuria based solely on reproductive factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey E-mail : draliyavuzcan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yavuzcan
authors.forename: Mete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caglar
authors.forename: Muhammet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kayikci
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Basaran
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dilbaz
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ustun
authors.forename: Haydar Kamil
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Cam
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D017584:Reproductive History; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016482:Urinalysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*