title: Typology of religiosity/spirituality in relation to perceived health, depression, and life satisfaction among older Korean immigrants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were (1) to identify distinct subtypes of older Korean immigrants based on their levels of religiosity/spirituality (R/S) and (2) to determine if the identified subtypes differed by demographic characteristics, perceived health, depression, and life satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factor mixture models were evaluated with a nonprobability sample of older Korean immigrants (N=200) residing in the New York City area in 2009 to classify typologies of R/S. Multiple regression was used to test the associations between the R/S subtypes and outcomes (perceived health, depression, and life satisfaction) while controlling for demographics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two substantively distinct latent profiles were identified: normally religious/spiritual ('average R/S') and minimally religious/spiritual ('low R/S'). The average R/S subgroup (74.4%) showed higher means than those in the low R/S subgroup (25.6%) on all six R/S class indicators. Subtypes did not differ on age, education, income, marital status, living arrangements, or years in the USA. However, males were more likely than females to be 'average R/S.' The 'average R/S' subtype had significantly greater life satisfaction than their 'low R/S' counterpart. No differences between the two subtypes were found on perceived health or depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings highlight the importance of the classifications of R/S for mental health outcomes, and they indicate that relationships among R/S, various demographic characteristics, and physical/mental health are complex. Future research should validate and refine this classification of R/S in order to help identify particular sources of health risks/behaviors, relevant treatments, and health-promoting interventions within homogenous subtypes of older Korean immigrants.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Social Work , University of South Dakota , Vermillion , SD , USA.
authors.forename: Soonhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Yeon-Shim
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: James I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D001213:Asian / Q000208:ethnology; D003863:Depression / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000208:ethnology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D012737:Sex Factors; D029181:Spirituality