title: Remote glucose monitoring in camp setting reduces the risk of prolonged nocturnal hypoglycemia.
abstract: This study tested the feasibility and effectiveness of remote continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a diabetes camp setting.
  
  
  
  Twenty campers (7-21 years old) with type 1 diabetes were enrolled at each of three camp sessions lasting 5-6 days. On alternating nights, 10 campers were randomized to usual wear of a Dexcom (San Diego, CA) G4™ PLATINUM CGM system, and 10 were randomized to remote monitoring with the Dexcom G4 PLATINUM communicating with the Diabetes Assistant, a cell phone platform, to allow wireless transmission of CGM values. Up to 15 individual graphs and sensor values could be displayed on a single remote monitor or portable tablet. An alarm was triggered for values <70 mg/dL, and treatment was given for meter-confirmed hypoglycemia. The primary end point was to decrease the duration of hypoglycemic episodes <50 mg/dL.
  
  
  
  There were 320 nights of CGM data and 197 hypoglycemic events. Of the remote monitoring alarms, 79% were true (meter reading of <70 mg/dL). With remote monitoring, 100% of alarms were responded to, whereas without remote monitoring only 54% of alarms were responded to. The median duration of hypoglycemic events <70 mg/dL was 35 min without remote monitoring and 30 min with remote monitoring (P=0.078). Remote monitoring significantly decreased prolonged hypoglycemic events, eliminating all events <50 mg/dL lasting longer than 30 min as well as all events <70 mg/dL lasting more than 2 h.
  
  
  
  Remote monitoring is feasible at diabetes camps and effective in reducing the risk of prolonged nocturnal hypoglycemia. This technology will facilitate forthcoming studies to evaluate the efficacy of automated closed-loop systems in the camp setting.
authors.affiliation: 1 Stanford University , Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: DeSalvo
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keith-Hynes
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peyser
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Place
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caswell
authors.forename: Darrell M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Breanne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clinton
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kovatchev
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002138:Calibration; D002165:Camping; D040421:Cell Phone; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D017216:Telemedicine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose