title: [Effect of GLP-1 on high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis and mechanism].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on high glucose-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the mechanism involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  HUVECs were cultured under varying conditions for 48 h, and the cell viability was spectrophotometrically measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry detected the ratio of cell apoptosis. Western blot detected the protein levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS, while NO assay kit detected the NO concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of high glucose (33 mmol/L) for 48 h significantly decreased the HUVECs viability and induced the apoptosis of HUVECs, concomitant with decreased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation leves and subsequent NO production. Treatment with GLP-1 (3 nmol/L) for 48 h in the high glucose group increased the HUVECs viability (P<0.01), decreased the ratio of HUVECs early apoptosis (P<0.05), ameliorated the reduced protein levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS caused by high glucose, and increased the NO production (P<0.05). The anti-apoptotic effect and the increased NO production of GLP-1were inhibited by PI3K inhibitor wortmannine (100 nmol/L) or eNOS inhibitor L-NAME (100 μmol/L). The effect on p-Akt, p-eNOS of GLP-1 was inhibited by wortmannine (100 nmol/L) while L-NAME (100 μmol/L) did not have any influence on the expression of p-Akt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLP-1 can ameliorate high glucose-induced HUVECs apoptosis, which is probably related to the up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Honghui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D005947:Glucose