title: Biochemical alterations induced by oral subchronic exposure to fipronil, fluoride and their combination in buffalo calves.
abstract: The effects of various pesticides and minerals on biochemical parameters have been explored in different species, but hardly any data exist regarding the combined toxicological effect of pesticides and minerals on these parameters in animals. The present study investigated the effects of fipronil and fluoride co-exposure on biochemical parameters in buffalo calves. Twenty-four healthy male buffalo calves divided into four groups were treated for 98 consecutive days. Group I, receiving no treatment served as the control. Animals of groups II and III were orally administered with fipronil @ 0.5mg/kg/day and sodium fluoride (NaF) @ 6.67 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 98 days. An additional group IV was co-administered fipronil and NaF at the same dosages as groups II and III. Administration of fipronil alone produced mild toxic signs, significant elevation in plasma proteins, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and significant decline in the plasma cholesterol levels. NaF exposure produced toxic signs specifically of muscle weakness and brown and black discoloration of teeth. Significant elevation was seen in whole blood cholinesterase, BUN and creatinine levels. However, it produced significant decline in blood glucose, cholesterol and plasma protein levels. Combined exposure to fipronil and sodium fluoride produced toxic signs with greater intensity while biochemical alterations produced were similar to those that were produced by their individual exposures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India. Electronic address: kamalg27@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kamalpreet Kaur
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Vinod Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Dumka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000473:pathology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000139:chemically induced; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity*; D014070:Tooth / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D002784:Cholesterol; C082360:fipronil
keywords: Biochemical alterations; Buffalo calves; Co-exposure; Fipronil; Sodium fluoride