title: Modulatory effects of deltamethrin-exposure on the immune status, metabolism and oxidative stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.).
abstract: Deltamethrin, a sintetic pyrethroid, is the insecticide that has been replacing recently to others like organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates which are less toxic for birds and mammals, although, unfortunately, all of them are highly toxic to various non-targeted aquatic organisms including fish. In the present study, the consequences of the exposition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) specimens to sublethal bath dose of deltamethrin (0.1 ppb) on organo-somatic indexes, immunity, seric metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and liver histology were determined after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of exposure. Deltamethrin alters gilthead seabream immune status, the hepato-somatic index and various seric metabolic parameters since the first exposure day while important progressive deleterious morphological changes in liver were also observed. However, no statistically significant deviation was detected in the expression of oxidative stress-related genes whilst the expression of cytochrome P450 gene was up-regulated in head-kidney and liver of exposed fish. Overall, the present results indicate severe immunotoxicological and metabolic effects of deltamethrin in gilthead seabream, the species with the highest rate of production in Mediterranean aquaculture. In general, the values obtained for the tested parameters during the trial seem to indicate that specimens try to adapt to this adverse situation although the continuous presence of the toxic impede the hypothetic recovery of homoeostasis. The use of deltamethrin in the proximities of seabream farms should be carefully considered.
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gónzalez-Párraga
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meseguer
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: aesteban@um.es.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003171:Complement Pathway, Classical / Q000276:immunology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007306:Insecticides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009570:Nitriles / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000097:blood; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000276:immunology; D021541:Sea Bream; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D012313:RNA; D010544:Peroxidases
keywords: Antioxidant genes; Deltamethrin; Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.); Immune system; Teleosts