title: Ultratrace Determination of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) by Microsample Injection System Flame Atomic Spectroscopy in Drinking Water and Treated and Untreated Industrial Effluents.
abstract: Simple and robust analytical procedures were developed for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and lead (Pb(II)) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) using microsample injection system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (MIS-FAAS). For the current study, ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), carbon tetrachloride, and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent, and disperser solvent, respectively. The effective variables of developed method have been optimized and studied in detail. The limit of detection of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) were 0.037 and 0.054 µg/L, respectively. The enrichment factors in both cases were 400 with 40 mL of initial volumes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) were <4%. The applicability and the accuracy of DLLME were estimated by the analysis of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) in industrial effluent wastewater by standard addition method (recoveries >96%). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) at ultratrace levels in natural drinking water and industrial effluents wastewater of Denizli. Moreover, the proposed method was compared with the literature reported method.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, 76080 Jamshoro, Pakistan ; Chemistry Department, Pamukkale University, 20017 Denizli, Turkey ; Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Latif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elci
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Muhammad Irfan
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Hafiz Muhammad
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Naseer