title: Multiplexed and Switchable Release of Distinct Fluids from Microneedle Platforms via Conducting Polymer Nanoactuators for Potential Drug Delivery.
abstract: We report on the development of a microneedle-based multiplexed drug delivery actuator that enables the controlled delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. Two individually-addressable channels on a single microneedle array, each paired with its own reservoir and conducting polymer nanoactuator, are used to deliver various permutations of two unique chemical species. Upon application of suitable redox potentials to the selected actuator, the conducting polymer is able to undergo reversible volume changes, thereby serving to release a model chemical agent in a controlled fashion through the corresponding microneedle channels. Time-lapse videos offer direct visualization and characterization of the membrane switching capability and, along with calibration investigations, confirm the ability of the device to alternate the delivery of multiple reagents from individual microneedles of the array with higher precision and temporal resolution than conventional drug delivery actuators. Analytical modeling offers prediction of the volumetric flow rate through a single microneedle and accordingly can be used to assist in the design of subsequent microneedle arrays. The robust solid-state design and lack of mechanical components circumvent reliability issues that challenge fragile conventional microelectromechanical drug delivery devices. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of the drug delivery actuator system to aid in the rapid administration of multiple therapeutic agents and indicates the potential to counteract diverse biomedical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valdés-Ramírez
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Windmiller
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Alexandra G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuralay
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Nandi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ronen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polsky
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: Microneedle array; conducting polymer; drug delivery; electrochemically-switchable nanoactuator