title: Relationship between vegetable and carotene intake and risk of prostate cancer: the JACC study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the associations of intakes of vegetables and carotenes with risk of prostate cancer in Japanese.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15,471 Japanese men participating in the Japan Collaborative Cohort study completed a questionnaire including food intake. Of them, 143 incident prostate cancers were documented. We examined the associations stated above by using Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vegetable intake was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer, but so was dietary alpha-carotene intake. The multivariable hazard ratio (95%CI) in the secondary highest and highest quintiles of alpha-carotene intake was 0.50 (0.26-0.98) (P=0.043) and 0.46 (0.22-0.97) (P=0.041) (P for trend=0.224), respectively. Beta-carotene intake was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alpha-carotene intake was associated with lower risk of prostate cancer among Japanese.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umesawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids