title: Deferoxamine attenuates white matter injury in a piglet intracerebral hemorrhage model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deferoxamine reduces neuronal death in a piglet model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study examined the effect of deferoxamine on perihematomal white matter edema in piglets.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICH was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. In the first part of study, the time course of edema formation was determined. In the second part, the effects of deferoxamine on ICH-induced white matter edema, tumor necrosis factor α, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICH resulted in marked brain edema and increased tumor necrosis factor α and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 levels in white matter. Systemic treatment with deferoxamine markedly reduced white matter tumor necrosis factor α and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 levels and attenuated white matter edema after ICH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deferoxamine reduces white matter edema, tumor necrosis factor α, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 levels after ICH in piglets, suggesting deferoxamine is a potential effective therapeutic agent for patients with ICH.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Wenquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001834:Body Water / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005615:Freezing; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017262:Siderophores / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017262:Siderophores; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007501:Iron; C506249:RIPK1 protein, human; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D003676:Deferoxamine
keywords: brain edema; cerebral hemorrhage; deferoxamine; receptor-interacting protein serine-threonine kinase 1; tumor necrosis factor-alpha