title: Different T cell memory in preadolescents after whole-cell or acellular pertussis vaccination.
abstract: To better understand vaccine-induced protection and its potential failure in light of recent whooping cough resurgence, we evaluated quantity as well as quality of memory T cell responses in B. pertussis-vaccinated preadolescent children. Using a technique based on flow cytometry to detect proliferation, cytokine production and phenotype of antigen-specific cells, we evaluated residual T cell memory in a cohort of preadolescents who received a whole-cell pertussis (wP; n=11) or an acellular pertussis vaccine (aP; n=13) during infancy, and with a median of 4 years elapsed from the last pertussis booster vaccine, which was aP for all children. We demonstrated that B. pertussis-specific memory T cells are detectable in the majority of preadolescent children several years after vaccination. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation in response to pertussis toxin and/or filamentous hemagglutinin was detected in 79% and 60% of the children respectively, and interferon-γ or tumor necrosis factor-α producing CD4(+) T cells were detected in 65% and 53% of the children respectively. Phenotyping of the responding cells showed that the majority of antigen-specific cells, whether defined by proliferation or cytokine production, were CD45RA(-)CCR7(-) effector memory T cells. Although the time since the last booster vaccine was significantly longer for wP-compared to aP-vaccinated children, their proliferation capacity in response to antigenic stimulation was comparable, and more children had a detectable cytokine response after wP- compared to aP-vaccination. This study supports at the immunological level recent epidemiological studies indicating that infant vaccination with wP induces longer lasting immunity than vaccination with aP-vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kaatje
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pottier
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Violette
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dirix
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Schutter
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carollo
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 1019, Lille, France; CNRS, UMR8204, Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Locht
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Clara Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ausiello
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Immunobiology Clinic, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: fmascart@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mascart
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D010567:Pertussis Vaccine
keywords: Acellular pertussis vaccine; Bordetella pertussis; Bp; Children; FHA; Immune response; Memory T cell; PBMC; PT; SEB; Staphylococcus enterotoxin B; Whole-cell pertussis vaccine; aP; acellular pertussis; filamentous hemagglutinin; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; pertussis toxin; wP; whole-cell pertussis