title: Cortical and subcortical brain atrophy in Parkinson's disease with visual hallucination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the cortical and subcortical brain structures in Parkinson's disease (PD) with visual hallucination (VH), and to elucidate the association between the proposed hypothesis of VH in PD and regional brain volume changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate the brain structures of PD patients with VH (PD-VH; n = 13) and PD patients without VH (PD-C; n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PD-VH patients showed significant cortical atrophy compared to the PD-C patients in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left rostral region of the prefrontal cortex, left ventral section of the cingulate cortex, bilateral primary visual cortex, and secondary visual cortex including the left inferior occipital gyrus, right lingual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus, and left fusiform gyrus. Significant subcortical atrophic changes were observed in the white matter of the right parahippocampal gyrus, the bilateral posterior part of the cingulate gyrus, the left lingual gyrus, and the right middle occipital gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VH in PD can occur due to distinctive neuroanatomical involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Senda
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atsuta
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsuno
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naganawa
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sobue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: cortical; etiological model; hallucination; subcortical; voxel based morphometry