title: Glycophenotype evaluation in cutaneous tumors using lectins labeled with acridinium ester.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor cells show alterations in their glycosylation patterns when compared to normal cells. Lectins can be used to evaluate these glycocode changes. Chemiluminescence assay is an effective technique for quantitative analysis of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid testing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use histochemiluminescence based on lectin conjugated to acridinium ester (AE) for the investigation of glycophenotype changes in cutaneous tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concanavalin A (Con A), Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), and Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) were conjugated to acridinium ester. Biopsies of cutaneous tumors and normal skin were incubated with the lectins-AE, and chemiluminescence was quantified and expressed as Relative Light Units (RLU). Results. Actinic keratosis (AK), keratoacanthoma (KA), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) showed lower expression of α -D-glucose/mannose and α -L-fucose residues compared to normal tissue. Cutaneous tumors displayed higher expression of Gal- β (1-3)-GalNAc residues than normal tissue. AK and SCC exhibited higher expression of Neu5Ac- α (2,3)Gal residues than normal epidermis. KA and BCC showed equivalent RLU values compared to normal tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lectin histochemiluminescence allowed quantitative assessment of the carbohydrate expression in cutaneous tissues, contributing to eliminate the subjectivity of conventional techniques used in the histopathological diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50030 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Rayanna Amorim
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Matheus Filgueira
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.forename: Sinara Mônica Vitalino
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Lúcia Patrícia Bezerra Gomes
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Eduardo Isidoro Carneiro
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Beltrão
authors.forename: Luiz Bezerra
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Carvalho Júnior
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines / Q000737:chemistry*; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007636:Keratoacanthoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D029901:Maackia / Q000737:chemistry; D010641:Phenotype; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013388:Succinimides / Q000737:chemistry*; D039762:Ulex / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000166:Acridines; C066889:N-hydroxysuccinimide acridinium ester; D037121:Plant Lectins; D013388:Succinimides; D005944:Glucosamine