title: Cerebral arteriovenous shunts in children.
abstract: Intracranial arteriovenous shunts (AVSs) in children can be divided into pial arteriovenous malformations, vein of Galen malformations, and arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). Dural AVF and dural sinus malformations are rare entities within this group. The relative immaturity of the anatomy and physiology of the neonatal and infant brain results in the inability of the hydrovenous system to compensate in the face of such disorders. Thus, the clinical presentation reflects this difference in the underlying anatomy, physiology, and disorder between children and adults. In this article, we briefly review the presentation, natural history and management of these entities.
authors.affiliation: Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: Ahmed K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Indran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Davagnanam
authors.forename: Vijeya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brew
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Arteriovenous malformations; Children; Shunt; Vein of Galen