title: Fates and transport of PPCPs in soil receiving reclaimed water irrigation.
abstract: Fates and transport of 9 commonly found PPCPs of the reclaimed water were simulated based on the HYDRUS-1D software that was validated with data generated from field experiments. Under the default scenario in which the model parameters and input data represented the typical conditions of turf grass irrigation in southern California, the adsorption, degradation, and volatilization of clofibric acid, ibuprofen, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, naproxen, triclosan, diclofenac sodium, bisphenol A and estrone in the receiving soils were tracked for 10 years. At the end, their accumulations in the 90 cm soil profile varied from less than 1 ng g(-1) to about 140 ng g(-1) and their concentrations in the drainage water in the 90 cm soil depth varied from nil to μg L(-1) levels. The adsorption and microbial degradation processes interacted to contain the PPCPs entirely within surface 40 cm of the soil profiles. Leaching and volatilization were not significant processes governing the PPCPs in the soils. The extent of accumulations in the soils did not appear to produce undue ecological risks to the soil biota. PPCPs did not represent any potential environmental harm in reclaimed water irrigation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: wpchen@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sidan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Laosheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002140:California; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002995:Clofibric Acid; D010636:Phenols; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014260:Triclosan; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Ecological risk; Emerging pollutants; Leaching potential; Reclaimed water; Soil accumulation