title: Influence of porcine circovirus type 2 infections on bovine tuberculosis in wild boar populations.
abstract: The wild boar is an important reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in south-western Spain. Some risk factors such as wild boar density or age have been associated with the presence of high prevalences of bTB in wild boar. However, the influence of other risk factors such as co-infections with other pathogens has not yet been studied. This work aims to assess the influence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) infection on bTB prevalence and bTB lesional patterns observed in wild boar. The presence of bTB-like lesions was evaluated in 551 hunted wild boar from 11 different game estates in south-western Spain, with a known history of bTB. Tuberculosis prevalences in each estate were calculated based on the percentage of animals found with bTB-like lesions. The percentage of animals with generalized bTB lesional patterns (bTB lesions in more than one organ) was also assessed. The prevalence of PCV-2 was studied in each estate using a specific PCR assay. The relationship between PCV-2 and bTB prevalences and between PCV-2 infections and the presence of generalized lesional patterns in wild boar were analysed. A statistical relationship between the prevalences of bTB and PCV-2 was found, with bTB prevalences being higher in estates where prevalences of PCV-2 were high. On the other hand, animals infected with PCV-2 were more likely to develop a generalized lesional pattern. Porcine circovirus type 2 prevalences seem to be associated with prevalences of bTB in wild boar. PCV-2 infection may aggravate the development and severity of bTB, favouring the presence of generalized lesional patterns and raising the risk of contagion in these estates. The implementation of sanitary measures that focus on the control of PCV-2 infection may be necessary as a preliminary measure in bTB control programmes for wild boar.
authors.affiliation: Red de Grupos de Investigación Recursos Faunísticos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Risco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernández-Llario
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: García-Jiménez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sequeda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carranza
authors.forename: J Hermoso
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Mendoza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D017925:Circovirus; D060085:Coinfection; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053570:Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: bovine tuberculosis; co-infection; porcine circovirus; wild boar