title: Upper respiratory tract endoscopy in the cat: a minimally invasive approach to diagnostics and therapeutics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopy of the feline upper respiratory tract has always taken a bit of a back seat to exploration of the canine nose and paranasal sinuses, pharynx and trachea, due to some anatomic limitations and lack of availability of appropriate-sized equipment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  With proper training, however, even the inexperienced endoscopist can find that endoscopy and endoscopic surgery can be of tremendous utility in feline practice. What had previously been largely off-limits sites, in terms of direct visualization and surgical intervention, the feline rhinarium, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and trachea are now anatomic areas that can be effectively visualized in most clinical scenarios. Moreover, endoscopic surgery is now an area gaining significant appreciation for its diagnostic and therapeutic benefits.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This article will not serve as a complete treatise on disease processes of the upper respiratory tract in cats, but rather is intended as a technical and instructional reference point on upper airway endoscopy for veterinary surgeons, both in first opinion as well as referral small animal practice.
authors.affiliation: Metropolitan Veterinary Consultants, Valley Center for Animal Referral and Emergency Services, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sobel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002415:Cats; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*