title: Hepatoprotection of noni juice against chronic alcohol consumption: lipid homeostasis, antioxidation, alcohol clearance, and anti-inflammation.
abstract: Chronic alcohol consumption leads to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Naturally fermented noni juice (NJ) contains polyphenols, polysaccharides, and some trace minerals. This study explored protective effects of NJ against chronic alcohol consumption. Mice were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: (1) control, control liquid diet and distilled water; (2) alcohol, alcohol liquid diet and distilled water; (3) Alc+NJ_1X, alcohol liquid diet and 5 mL NJ/kg BW; (4) Alc+NJ_2X, alcohol liquid diet and 10 mL NJ/kg BW; (5) Alc+NJ_3X, alcohol and 15 mL NJ/kg BW for 4 weeks. NJ decreased (p < 0.05) serum AST, ALT, and alcohol levels and liver lipids, as well as increased (p < 0.05) daily fecal lipid outputs in alcohol-diet fed mice. NJ supplementation not only down-regulated (p < 0.05) lipogenesis but also up-regulated (p < 0.05) fatty acid β-oxidation in livers of alcohol-diet fed mice. NJ also accelerated alcohol clearance via increased (p < 0.05) hepatic ADH and ALDH activities. NJ increased (p < 0.05) hepatic TEAC and GSH levels but decreased (p < 0.05) TBARS value and TLR2/4, P38, ERK 1/2, NFκB P65, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β expressions in alcohol-diet fed mice. NJ promotes hepatoprotection against alcohol-induced injury due to regulations of lipid homeostasis, antioxidant status, alcohol metabolism, and anti-inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University , Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yen
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Deng-Jye
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chen-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chin-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Bor-Show
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tzang
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D032066:Morinda / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol