title: Preexisting high expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in tunica media of saphenous vein conduits is associated with unfavorable long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Migration of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the tunica media in the saphenous vein (SV) transplants is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this study was to identify any associations between expression of MMP-2 or endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2 and TIMP-3) in the SV segments and late failure of the SV grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred consecutive patients with a mean age of 63.1 ± 8.9 years who underwent primary isolated venous CABG were examined. Patients were retrospectively split into two subgroups, with the SV graft disease (SVGD (+); n = 47) or without it (SVGD (-); n = 153). In the SV segments, immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of the MMP-2, TIMP-2, and -3 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the SVGD (+) patients, tissue expression of MMP-2 was stronger, whereas that of both TIMPs was weaker than in the SVGD (-) patients. In majority of the SV segments obtained from the SVGD (-) individuals, a balance in MMP and TIMP expressions was found, whereas an upregulation of MMP-2 expression was usually noted in the SVGD (+) subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strong expression of MMP-2 accompanied by reduced immunostaining of both TIMPs is associated with the development of the SV graft disease and unfavorable CABG outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartlomiej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perek
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malinska
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misterski
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostalska-Nowicka
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zabel
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perek
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowicki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2