title: Enzymatic synthesis of apigenin glucosides by glucosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13.
abstract: Apigenin, a member of the flavone subclass of flavonoids, has long been considered to have various biological activities. Its glucosides, in particular, have been reported to have higher water solubility, increased chemical stability, and enhanced biological activities. Here, the synthesis of apigenin glucosides by the in vitro glucosylation reaction was successfully performed using a UDP-glucosyltransferase YjiC, from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13. The glucosylation has been confirmed at the phenolic groups of C-4' and C-7 positions ensuing apigenin 4'-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside and apigenin 4',7-O-diglucoside as the products leaving the C-5 position unglucosylated. The position of glucosylation and the chemical structures of glucosides were elucidated by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The parameters such as pH, UDP glucose concentration and time of incubation were also analyzed during this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Sun Moon University, Asan, 336-708, Korea.
authors.forename: Rit Bahadur
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gurung
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jae Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sohng
mesh_terms: D047310:Apigenin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005960:Glucosides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005960:Glucosides; C057792:apigetrin; D047310:Apigenin; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D014532:Uridine Diphosphate Glucose