title: Diabetes type II, other medical conditions and pancreatic cancer risk: a prospective study in The Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, only a few risk factors for pancreatic cancer have been established. We examined prospectively relations between several medical conditions and pancreatic cancer incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1986, 120 852 participants completed a baseline questionnaire on cancer risk factors, including several self-reported physician diagnosed medical conditions. At baseline, a random subcohort of 5000 participants was selected using a case-cohort approach for analysis. After 16.3 years of follow-up, 448 pancreatic cancer cases (63% microscopically confirmed) were available for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes mellitus type II and hepatitis were positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio: 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.12-2.87 and hazard ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.81, respectively). Furthermore, a positive trend in risk with increasing years of diagnosis of diabetes (P=0.004) and of hepatitis (P=0.02) was observed. However, an inverse association was observed between hypertension and pancreatic cancer risk, this was found among microscopically confirmed cases only (hazard ratio: 0.66; 95% confidence interval: 0.49-0.90), while years since diagnosis of hypertension significantly decreased cancer risk (P for trend=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective study, a positive association was observed between self-reported physician diagnosed diabetes mellitus type II and hepatitis and pancreatic cancer risk, whereas an inverse association was observed with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: 1] School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229 HA, Maastricht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eijgenraam
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heinen
authors.forename: B A J
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Verhage
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Keulemans
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors