title: Should patients with a hip or femur fracture sustained abroad be repatriated for surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical outcome of patients with hip or femur fractures sustained while travelling, depending on the place where surgery was performed (abroad or in Switzerland).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an ambispective cohort study of 90 patients in two groups. Outcome measures were: number and type of complications, impairment of walking ability at six months compared to the preoperative state, and chronic pain with ongoing use of analgesic medication at six months
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 62 patients were transported to be operated on in Switzerland, and 28 patients received their surgery abroad. Age and gender distribution of the two groups were comparable, as was comorbidity status. A total of 64% of patients operated on abroad suffered one or more complications, as compared with 37% of patients operated on in Switzerland (p = 0.01). Logistical regression showed no evidence of an association between the variables investigated as possible confounding factors and the outcome, the place where surgery was performed (abroad or at home), was the only predictor of complications in general and of a reoperation in particular (95% confidence intervals 1.55-13.7 and 1.39-41.25, respectively). When compared with their preoperative state, 89% of patients operated on abroad reported some postoperative walking impairment, compared with 57% of patients operated on in Switzerland (p = 0.004). A total of 59% of patients operated on abroad had to use analgesic medication intermittently or regularly six months after surgery, as compared with 35% of patients operated on in Switzerland (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Swiss patients with hip or femoral fractures sustained while travelling in a foreign country had fewer complications and a better functional outcome if repatriated and operated on in Switzerland than if operated on abroad. The reasons for this unexpected result remain unclear. Medical, ethnic and psychological factors could well play a part. These results need further clarification and should be tested in larger studies with different pathologies.
authors.affiliation: HFR Tafers, SWITZERLAND; august1@gmx.ch.
authors.forename: Stefan August
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roggenmoser
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000592:standards*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013557:Switzerland; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000592:standards; D057236:Travel Medicine / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome