title: Subjective satisfaction in long-term orthokeratology patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the subjective satisfaction in visual stability, night vision complains, and light distortion phenomena, and also the number of hours and days per week of lens wear, in patients with myopia undergoing orthokeratology (OK) treatment for at least 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  A visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire containing 18 items was administered to 44 patients, 29 women and 15 men (mean age, 24.39 ± 9.11 years), with a baseline spherical equivalent refractive error of -2.40 ± 0.94 diopters and astigmatism up to -0.5 diopters. Average treatment period by the time of data collection was 19 ± 7 months. Patients rated their satisfaction with the correction, with complaints of visual distortion being graded on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 indicated no discomfort at all.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 50% of patients skipped lens wear at least 1 night per week. The most common wearing pattern was 6-8 hours a day for 72.7% with 54.5% of patients wearing lenses every 2-3 nights only. Subjective vision scores after lens removal was 9.1 ± 1.1 after having worn the lenses and 8.1 ± 1.4 after skipping lens wear for 1 night. Subjective vision scores before lens insertion at the end of the day was 6.9 ± 2.0 and 5.8 ± 2.4, respectively. The number of hours until noticeable blur reduced with increased level of baseline myopia (r = 0.396; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthokeratology patients show an irregular wearing pattern after 1 year of treatment that has significant effects on the subjective visual performance over the next day of skipping lens wear. Light distortion under low-light conditions seems to be a transient complication of the treatment and most of the patients report an improvement after the first weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry (E.S.), Private Practice, Onda, Castellon, Spain; Department of Optics (A.C.), Optometry Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CEORLab (A.Q, J.M.G.-M.), Center of Physics - Optometry, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal; and Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience (R.B.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santolaria
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerviño
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Queirós
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brautaset
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González-Méijome
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054158:Orthokeratologic Procedures / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult