title: The relationship between imagery type and collective efficacy in elite and non elite athletes.
abstract: This study investigated the relationship between imagery function and individual perceptions of collective efficacy as a function of skill level. Elite (n = 70) and non elite (n = 71) athletes from a number of interactive team sports completed the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ) and the Collective Efficacy Inventory (CEI). Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was then used to examine which SIQ sub-scales predicted individual perceptions of collective efficacy. For the elite sample, Motivational General-Mastery (MG-M) imagery accounted for approximately 17% of the variance in collective efficacy scores. No significant predictions were observed in the non elite sample. The findings suggest MG-M imagery as a potential technique to improve levels of collective efficacy although competitive level may moderate the effectiveness of such interventions. Key pointsAs imagery is an individual intervention, an examination of individual perceptions of collective efficacy was most appropriate.Elite athletes who use more MG-M imagery also have higher individual perceptions of collective efficacy.For non-elite athletes, none of the imagery functions tested predicted individual perceptions of collective efficacy.Performance accomplishments provided by MG-M imagery may increase individual perceptions of collective efficacy.Future research should investigate further the effects of imagery intervention programmes on collective efficacy beliefs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Swansea University , UK.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mellalieu
authors.forename: Catherine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Shearer
keywords: Mental rehearsal; group dynamics; mental skills; self efficacy; team confidence