title: Impact of virus clearance for the development of hemorrhagic stroke in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the cumulative incidence and predictive factors for intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke after the termination of interferon (IFN) therapy in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). A total of 4,649 HCV-positive patients treated with IFN were enrolled. The primary goal is the first onset of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. The mean observation period was 8.0 years. Evaluation was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 28 developed intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. The cumulative incidence of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke was 0.3% at 5 years, 0.8% at 10 years, and 1.7% at 15 years. Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke occurred when patients had age increments of 10 years (hazard ratio: 2.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-5.18; P = 0.001), hypertension (hazard ratio: 2.30; 95% CI 1.09-4.83; P = 0.021), liver cirrhosis (hazard ratio: 4.50; 95% CI 2.07-9.78; P < 0.001), and HCV non-clearance (hazard ratio: 3.22; 95% CI 1.22-8.53; P = 0.018). On the intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke based on the difference of liver fibrosis and efficacy of IFN therapy, HCV clearance reduced to 24.3% (1/4.11) compared to HCV non-clearance in cirrhotic patients (P = 0.040). In conclusion, HCV clearance reduced the development of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. In particular, HCV clearance reduced intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke to about one-fourth in cirrhotic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Third Internal Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arase
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akuta
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sezaki
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007372:Interferons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D007372:Interferons
keywords: hemorrhagic stroke; hepatitis C virus; interferon therapy