title: Infrared machine vision system for the automatic detection of olive fruit quality.
abstract: External quality is an important factor in the extraction of olive oil and the marketing of olive fruits. The appearance and presence of external damage are factors that influence the quality of the oil extracted and the perception of consumers, determining the level of acceptance prior to purchase in the case of table olives. The aim of this paper is to report on artificial vision techniques developed for the online estimation of olive quality and to assess the effectiveness of these techniques in evaluating quality based on detecting external defects. This method of classifying olives according to the presence of defects is based on an infrared (IR) vision system. Images of defects were acquired using a digital monochrome camera with band-pass filters on near-infrared (NIR). The original images were processed using segmentation algorithms, edge detection and pixel value intensity to classify the whole fruit. The detection of the defect involved a pixel classification procedure based on nonparametric models of the healthy and defective areas of olives. Classification tests were performed on olives to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. This research showed that the IR vision system is a useful technology for the automatic assessment of olives that has the potential for use in offline inspection and for online sorting for defects and the presence of surface damage, easily distinguishing those that do not meet minimum quality requirements.
authors.affiliation: Centro IFAPA, Venta del Llano, Crta. Nacional Bailén-Motril Km 18.5, Mengíbar, Jaén 23620, Spain. Electronic address: elena.guzman.jimenez@juntadeandalucia.es.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baeten
authors.forename: Juan Antonio Fernández
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pierna
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Mesa
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005638:Fruit / Q000592:standards / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007259:Infrared Rays; D031658:Olea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D000069463:Olive Oil; D055096:Optical Devices; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis; D011786:Quality Control
chemical_list: D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Algorithm; Image analysis; Near infrared; Olive fruit; Quality