title: Methods of analysis for 2-dodecylcyclobutanone and studies to support its role as a unique marker of food irradiation.
abstract: Methods of analysis for 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS), liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (LC-TOF-MS) and LC with tandem MS (MS/MS) detection have been developed and optimised for maximum sensitivity to allow very low irradiation doses to be detected. The LC-MS/MS method, following derivatisation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, was found to be the most sensitive technique and was used to determine the amount of 2-DCB formed from the model compounds palmitic acid, glyceryl tripalmitate and 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol irradiated over a range of doses by two different irradiation sources (gamma and electron beam). The model compounds were also treated with a number of non-irradiation based processing techniques including heating in the presence and absence of oxygen, light, and redox active metal salts, in a conventional oven, microwave oven and pressure cooker. No 2-DCB was detected in any of the processed non-irradiated model compounds, reaffirming the hypothesis that 2-DCB is a unique radiolytic product that can be used as a marker of irradiation in foodstuffs.
authors.affiliation: The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK. Electronic address: malcolm.driffield@fera.gsi.gov.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Driffield
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crews
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000032:analysis*; D005514:Food Irradiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003503:Cyclobutanes; C063381:2-dodecylcyclobutanone
keywords: 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone; Food; Irradiation; LC–MS/MS