title: Stress-mediated modulations in dopaminergic system and their subsequent impact on behavioral and oxidative alterations: an update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress-induced changes in the dopaminergic system and subsequent enhancement of oxidative load and behavior are associated with a wide range of central and peripheral nervous disorders. Dopamine acts as a key neurotransmitter in the brain plays an important role in the regulation of motor and limbic functions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews the effect of stress on central dopaminergic system and its subsequent impact on the alterations in behavior and oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature survey in PubMed (Bethesda, MD), Scopus (Philadelphia, PA), SciFinder (Columbus, OH) and Google Scholar (PMV, CA) was performed to gather information regarding the role of stress on central dopaminergic system and its associated behavioral and oxidative alterations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our collective data on behavioral studies and oxidative distress in stressful conditions show the functional reduction in dopaminergic neuronal system that could be one of the factors for the development of stress-induced motor suppression. Collectively, stress caused significant behavioral and oxidative alterations via suppression of neuronal functions of the central dopaminergic system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides an insight into the overall pathophysiological alterations in neuronal functions of the central dopaminergic system caused by acute and chronic unpredictable stress that, in our opinion, represent optimal utility as future therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alghasham
authors.forename: Naila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rasheed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine