title: Japanese encephalitis: the virus and vaccines.
abstract: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic mosquito-borne flavivirus. JEV is prevalent in much of Asia and the Western Pacific, with over 4 billion people living at risk of infection. In the absence of antiviral intervention, vaccination is the only strategy to develop long-term sustainable protection against JEV infection. Over the past half-century, a mouse brain-derived inactivated vaccine has been used internationally for active immunization. To date, however, JEV is still a clinically important, emerging, and re-emerging human pathogen of global significance. In recent years, production of the mouse brain-derived vaccine has been discontinued, but 3 new cell culture-derived vaccines are available in various parts of the world. Here we review current aspects of JEV biology, summarize the 4 types of JEV vaccine, and discuss the potential of an infectious JEV cDNA technology for future vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences; Utah Science Technology and Research; College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA.
authors.forename: Sang-Im
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences; Utah Science Technology and Research; College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences; Utah State University; Logan, UT USA.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002460:Cell Line; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000276:immunology*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
keywords: Japanese encephalitis virus; biodefense; flavivirus; immunization; pathogenesis; prevention; vaccine; virulence