title: Coding and noncoding gene expression biomarkers in mood disorders and schizophrenia.
abstract: Mood disorders and schizophrenia are common and complex disorders with consistent evidence of genetic and environmental influences on predisposition. It is generally believed that the consequences of disease, gene expression, and allelic heterogeneity may be partly the explanation for the variability observed in treatment response. Correspondingly, while effective treatments are available for some patients, approximately half of the patients fail to respond to current neuropsychiatric treatments. A number of peripheral gene expression studies have been conducted to understand these brain-based disorders and mechanisms of treatment response with the aim of identifying suitable biomarkers and perhaps subgroups of patients based upon molecular fingerprint. In this review, we summarize the results from blood-derived gene expression studies implemented with the aim of discovering biomarkers for treatment response and classification of disorders. We include data from a biomarker study conducted in first-episode subjects with schizophrenia, where the results provide insight into possible individual biological differences that predict antipsychotic response. It is concluded that, while peripheral studies of expression are generating valuable results in pathways involving immune regulation and response, larger studies are required which hopefully will lead to robust biomarkers for treatment response and perhaps underlying variations relevant to these complex disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4260, USA.
authors.forename: Firoza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mamdani
authors.forename: Maureen V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lencz
authors.forename: Brandi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rollins
authors.forename: Delbert G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Marquis P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vawter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D059472:Exome; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D022661:RNA, Untranslated