title: Diversity of Rickettsiales in the microbiome of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum.
abstract: Ticks are important vectors for many emerging pathogens. However, they are also infected with many symbionts and commensals, often competing for the same niches. In this paper, we characterize the microbiome of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), the lone star tick, in order to better understand the evolutionary relationships between pathogens and nonpathogens. Multitag pyrosequencing of prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes (16S rRNA) was performed on 20 lone star ticks (including males, females, and nymphs). Pyrosequencing of the rickettsial sca0 gene (also known as ompA or rompA) was performed on six ticks. Female ticks had less diverse microbiomes than males and nymphs, with greater population densities of Rickettsiales. The most common members of Rickettsiales were "Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii" and "Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii." "Ca. Rickettsia amblyommii" was 2.6-fold more common in females than males, and there was no sequence diversity in the sca0 gene. These results are consistent with a predominantly vertical transmission pattern for "Ca. Rickettsia amblyommii."
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Loganathan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ponnusamy
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Treuren
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parobek
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: R Michael
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Apperson
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Meshnick
mesh_terms: D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C078167:OMPA outer membrane proteins