title: Intracranial endovascular balloon test occlusion: indications, methods, and predictive value.
abstract: Abrupt interruption of the internal carotid artery without a balloon test occlusion (BTO) carries a 26% risk of cerebral infarction. BTO is a test used to decrease this risk by evaluating the efficacy of the collateral circulation. Clinical tolerance of parent vessel occlusion can be assessed by a BTO with several variables, including the clinical examination, angiographic assessment, stump pressure, induced hypotension, perfusion scanning, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and neurophysiologic monitoring. This review discusses the indications, methods, predictive value, and complications of BTO.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA.
authors.forename: Augusto E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Aditya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
mesh_terms: D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods
keywords: Balloon test occlusion; Carotid artery occlusion; Cerebral ischemia; Hemodynamics; Outcome; Permanent vessel occlusion