title: Evaluation of potential topical and systemic neuroprotective agents for ocular hypertension-induced retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate for drugs with superior neuroprotective efficacy and investigate their underlying mechanisms related to antioxidation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brinzolamide (1%), timolol (0.5%), minocycline (22 mg/kg), lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg), and methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) were administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The retina was evaluated by electroretinography and histological analysis. The antioxidative capacity of drugs was evaluated to clarify the underlying mechanism. The oxidant/antioxidant profiles of plasma, red blood cells, and retina were analyzed by lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and by measuring the activities of antioxidants. Proteomic analysis was used to investigate the possible protective mechanisms of the drug against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggested that timolol, methylprednisolone, and minocycline protected retinal function. Methylprednisolone and minocycline possessed good antioxidative activity. Brinzolamide and lidocaine preserved the structural integrity of the retina, but not retinal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methylprednisolone, minocycline, and timolol have potential acute or delayed benefit in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Their neuroprotective actions depend at least partially on the ability to alleviate oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ing
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yih-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: Chung-Tien
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016877:Oxidants
keywords: antioxidation; glaucoma; neuroprotection; retinal ischemia