title: Optical imaging of tumor vascularity associated with proliferation and glucose metabolism in early breast cancer: clinical application of total hemoglobin measurements in the breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Near-infrared optical imaging targeting the intrinsic contrast of tissue hemoglobin has emerged as a promising approach for visualization of vascularity in cancer research. We evaluated the usefulness of diffuse optical spectroscopy using time-resolved spectroscopic (TRS) measurements for functional imaging of primary breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five consecutive TNM stage I/II patients with histologically proven invasive ductal carcinoma and operable breast tumors (<5 cm) who underwent TRS measurements were enrolled. Thirty (54.5%) patients underwent 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with measurement of maximum tumor uptake. TRS was used to obtain oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin (tHb) levels from the lesions, surrounding normal tissue, and contralateral normal tissue. Lesions with tHb levels 20% higher than those present in normal tissue were defined as "hotspots," while others were considered "uniform." The findings in either tumor type were compared with clinicopathological factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Hotspot" tumors were significantly larger (P= 0.002) and exhibited significantly more advanced TNM stage (P=0.01), higher mitotic counts (P=0.01) and higher levels of FDG uptake (P=0.0004) compared with "uniform" tumors; however, other pathological variables were not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optical imaging for determination of tHb levels allowed for measurement of tumor vascularity as a function of proliferation and glucose metabolism, which may be useful for prediction of patient prognosis and potential response to treatment.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamiya
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shigekawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kishino
authors.forename: Ichiei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuji
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka City 350-1298, Saitama, Japan. tsaeki@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saeki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D061848:Optical Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose