title: Role of Triton X-100 in chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays capable of diagnosing genetic disorders.
abstract: The use of Triton X surfactants in developing 1,1'-oxalylimidazole chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays (ODI CEIs) with extended linear response range for the quantification of unconjugated estriol (uE3), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is reported for the first time. The wider linear dynamic range in ODI CLEIA results from Triton X series (e.g., Triton X-100, -114, -405, -705) acting as an inhibitor in the interaction between Amplex Red (hydrophobic substrate) and horseradish peroxidase (hydrophilic enzyme) to produce resorufin (hydrophobic fluorescent dye). Triton X-100 acts as the appropriate inhibitor in ODI CLEIA. The maximum concentrations of AFP and hCG quantified with sandwich ODI CLEIA in the presence of Triton X-100 were 8 times higher than when analyzed with the same system in the absence of Triton X-100. In addition, the lowest concentration of uE3 determined using competitive ODI CLEIA in the presence of Triton X-100 was 20 times lower than that measured with competitive ODI CLEIA in the absence of Triton X-100. These results indicate that rapid quantification of AFP, uE3, and hCG using cost effective and highly sensitive ODI CLEIAs in the presence of Triton X-100 can be applied as an accurate, precise, and reproducible method to diagnose genetic disorders (e.g., trisomy 18 and trisomy 21) in fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Luminescent MD, LLC, Hagerstown, MD 21742, United States.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Jee-Eun R
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: Hye-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tae-Ho D
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: Jee Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Lucienne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005333:Fetus; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000737:chemistry; D014314:Trisomy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D000073842:Trisomy 18 Syndrome; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C554599:1,1'-oxalyldiimidazole; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D007093:Imidazoles; D010078:Oxazines; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C470430:Amplex Red; C014180:resorufin; D017830:Octoxynol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D004964:Estriol
keywords: 1,1′-Oxalyldiimidazole chemilumescence; Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay; Gender disorders; Peroxyoxalate; Triton X surfactants