title: Endovascular treatment of cerebral vasospasm: vasodilators and angioplasty.
abstract: Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a delayed, reversible narrowing of the intracranial vasculature that occurs most commonly 4 to 14 days after aneurysmal SAH and can lead to permanent ischemic injury. Angiographic spasm occurs in up to 70% of patients following SAH, and approximately half become symptomatic. Estimates of patients who are disabled by vasospasm, or die because of it, range from 5% to 9%, with vasospasm accounting for 12% to 17% of all fatalities or cases of disability after SAH. This article discusses the multiple medical and endovascular therapies used to prevent or treat vasospasm.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University of Michigan Hospitals, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Augusto E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Byron G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
mesh_terms: D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods; D015607:Stents; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents
keywords: Balloon angioplasty; Mechanical and chemical angioplasty; SAH; Triple-H therapy; Vasospasm