title: Factors associated with fatal mining injuries among contractors and operators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore factors associated with fatal accidents among contractors and operators by using the Mine Safety and Health Administration database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data on 157,410 miners employed by operators or contractors during 1998-2007 were analyzed using logistic regression and multiple imputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate odds of fatal versus nonfatal accident were 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 3.4) times higher for contractors than operators. In a multivariable model, fatality was associated with contractor, less experience at the current mine, and occurrence at more than 8 hours into the workday (P < 0.05 for each). Differences in odds of fatality by employment type were more pronounced in surface mines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contractors had a higher proportion of fatal injuries. Fatality also varied by mine experience, the number of hours worked before injury, work location, and mine type.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (Dr Muzaffar) and Department of Sociology (Dr Allison), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Drs Cummings and Kreiss), Morgantown; and Department of Statistics (Dr Hobbs), West Virginia University, Morgantown.
authors.forename: Saeher
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muzaffar
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreiss
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D003032:Coal Mining / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003284:Contract Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*