title: The relationship between ankle joint physiological characteristics and balance control during unilateral stance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role that the ankle's physiological characteristics play in maintaining balance during quiet stance has been well documented. However, the role of the ankle in maintaining balance during more challenging conditions is questionable. As such, the objectives of this study were to identify any significant relationships between the physiological characteristics of the ankle joint and the ability to maintain more challenging unilateral stance.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 healthy, adult athletes (age = 24.67 ± 5.42 years; height = 175.34 ± 7.48 cms; weight = 79.09 ± 14.07 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Passive resistance and joint position sense in the sagittal plane of the ankle, and active dorsiflexion range of motion of each subject was assessed, in addition to centre of pressure parameters during 20 s unilateral stance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient found significant positive correlations between D(peaktorque) and sway area (r = .554); A(x) range (r = .449); and A(y) range (r = .471). Significant negative correlations were found between P(peaktorque) angle and sway area (r = -.538, p = .012), A(x) range (r = -.590, p = .005) and A(y) range (r = -.439, p=.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results highlighted limited relationships between unilateral stance balance control and the ankle characteristics commonly associated with quiet stance balance control and has, thus, further questioned the role that the ankle plays during more challenging stance conditions. The majority of balance training protocols in the athletic community focuses on the distal joints, however, this needs re-addressing in order to maximise performance.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Performance, Department of Sport, Fitness and Exercise Science, School of Humanities, Education, Sport and Social Sciences, University Centre Doncaster, Doncaster DN1 2JR, United Kingdom. Electronic address: dan.amin@don.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Professionals, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: L.C.Herrington@salford.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lee C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Herrington
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Flexibility; Inverted pendulum; Passive resistance; Proprioception; Stability