title: Variability of coordination parameters at 400-m front crawl swimming pace.
abstract: This study examined the variability of physiological, perceptual, stroke and coordination parameters in both genders during several swim trials at the 400-m pace speed. Twelve national level competitors (6 men, 6 women) swam 400-m at maximal speed. They then swam three additional trials (100, 200 and 300-m) at the pace (speed) of the previous 400-m. Three cameras were used to determine stroke cycle [speed (V), stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR)] and coordination [index of coordination (IdC), stroke phases] parameters. Physiological [heart rate (HR) and lactate [La-] and perceptual [subjective workload (TWL)] parameters were assessed after each swim trial. Inter-trial data indicated that HR, [La-] and TWL increased significantly with the distance swum (p < 0.05). Inter-trial comparison did not show significant variation of stroke cycle and coordination parameters. Inter-lap data were examined within the 400-m and showed that V and SL decreased significantly at the beginning of the trial (p < 0.05), but IdC and SR remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Thus, despite changes in both physiological and perceptual responses consecutive to increasing fatigue, coordination parameters remained stable during an all-out 400-m freestyle swim. The examination of these parameters based on short-distance trials appears then to be valid, which offers interesting perspectives for swim testing. Key points"During a maximal 400-m, fatigue led to an increase in both physiological (heart rate and blood lactate) and perceptual (subjective workload) parameters.The consequence was a decrease in stroke length and therefore in the swimming speed.However, inter-arm coordination did not change during this aerobic task.This indicates that inter-arm coordination can be examined on the basis of short-distance trials rather than on the full distance.
authors.affiliation: C.E.T.A.P.S. Laboratory UPRES EA 3832: University of Rouen, Faculty of Sports Sciences , France ; Laboratory EA 1342, Marc Bloch University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Sports Sciences , France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chollet
keywords: Testing; biomechanics; competitive swimming.; fatigue; motor control; variability