title: Fixing clearance as early as lead  optimization using high throughput in  vitro incubations in combination with  exact mass detection and automatic  structure elucidation of metabolites.
abstract: New enabling MS technologies have made it possible to elucidate metabolic pathways present in ex vivo (blood, bile and/or urine) or in vitro (liver microsomes, hepatocytes and/or S9) samples. When investigating samples from high throughput assays the challenge that the user is facing now is to extract the appropriate information and compile it so that it is understandable to all. Medicinal chemist may then design the next generation of (better) drug candidates combining the needs for potency and metabolic stability and their synthetic creativity. This review focuses on the comparison of these enabling MS technologies and the IT tools developed for their interpretation.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmerlin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiffe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations