title: Inorganic tin compounds do not induce micronuclei in human lymphocytes in the absence of metabolic activation.
abstract: The genotoxic evaluation (in vitro analysis) of a series of eight inorganic tin(II) and tin(IV) compounds [tin(II) acetate, tin(II) chloride, tin(II) ethylhexanoate, tin(II) oxalate, tin(II) oxide, tin(IV) acetate, tin(IV) chloride and tin(IV) oxide], for the detection of micronuclei in human blood lymphocytes, was performed in the absence of metabolic activation by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Human lymphocytes were treated for over one cell cycle (31 hours), with concentrations ranging from 1 to 75 μM (1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 75 μM), of tin(II) and tin(IV) salts dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The above-listed concentrations cover the values that have been detected in humans with no occupational exposure to tin compounds. The experimental results show the absence of genotoxicity for all inorganic compounds tested in the specific concentrations and experimental conditions. Cytotoxic effects of tin(II) and tin(IV) compounds were evaluated by the determination of cytokinesis block proliferation index and cytotoxicity percentage. Our observations on the cytotoxicity pattern of the tested tin(II) and tin(IV) compounds indicate that they are cytotoxic in several tested concentrations to human lymphocytes treated in vitro. The observed differences in cytotoxicity of each tested compound might reflect differences in their chemical structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras , Agrinio , Greece and.
authors.forename: Artemis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Damati
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlastos
authors.forename: Athanassios I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Philippopoulos
authors.forename: Demetrios P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Matthopoulos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002453:Cell Cycle; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017971:Tin Compounds