title: A conceptual model for medical-surgical nursing: moving toward an international clinical specialty.
abstract: Over the last 20 years, medical-surgical nursing has changed and should now be considered an international nursing speciality. Unlike other specialities, there is no opportunity to become a nurse practitioner in most Western countries. These two issues--lack of professional recognition and career development--should be addressed.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyneham
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012308:Risk Management; D013041:Specialties, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*