title: Acupuncture and related techniques in ambulatory anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Along with a growing awareness of quality in healthcare, has come a focus on postanesthetic morbidities, which still remain challenging in our daily practice of anesthesia. Acupuncture and related techniques (acustimulation) are often suggested to be adequate treatments with low cost and minimal adverse effects. This review focuses on the current evidence and applicability of these techniques for use in ambulatory anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trials exploring the effects of acustimulation may produce ambiguous results and sometimes be difficult to evaluate. Controversies still remain as to the clinical relevance. Recent trials suggest that acustimulation may prevent postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting. There are also promising results for the use of the techniques in reducing preoperative anxiety, postoperative shivering and emergence delirium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacological drug treatment may be only partially effective and produce an adverse event. Research suggests that acustimulation may alleviate postoperative morbidities, although the body of evidence of the effect is equivocal. The treatments are easy to perform, and adverse events and costs are minimal. It may be profitable to implement this beneficial treatment to asmbulatory patients.
authors.affiliation: The National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Institute of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liodden
authors.forename: Arne Johan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Norheim
mesh_terms: D019050:Acupressure; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D003693:Delirium / Q000517:prevention & control; D015671:Electroacupuncture / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation