title: Evaluation of the use of atropine sulfate, a combination of butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizole sodium, and flunixin meglumine to ameliorate clinical adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of atropine sulfate, butylscopolammonium bromide combined with metamizole sodium, and flunixin meglumine to ameliorate the clinical adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 horses with piroplasmosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 horses were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups according to the pretreatment administered. Fifteen minutes before administration of 2.4 mg of imidocarb dipropionate/kg IM, horses in the first group were pretreated with 0.02 mg of atropine sulfate/kg IV, the second group with a combination of 0.2 mg of butylscopolammonium bromide/kg IV and 25 mg of metamizole sodium/kg IV, the third group with 1.1 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg IV, and the fourth (control) group with 1 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution/50 kg IV. Physical examination, including evaluation of rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, capillary refill time, mucous membrane color, hydration status, abdominal sounds, signs of abdominal pain, salivation, diarrhea, and number of defecations, was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Imidocarb dipropionate use in the control group was associated with serious adverse effects including signs of abdominal pain (4/7 horses) and diarrhea (2/7). Horses pretreated with atropine had no diarrhea, but 6 had signs of abdominal pain. Only 1 horse that received butylscopolammonium-metamizole pretreatment had signs of abdominal pain and 3 had diarrhea, which was numerically but not significantly different than the control group. Of horses pretreated with flunixin, 3 had signs of abdominal pain and 3 had diarrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizole sodium may be useful to ameliorate the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses, although group size was small and significant differences from the control group were not found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
authors.forename: Sameeh M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abutarbush
authors.forename: Sameh M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alfaqeeh
authors.forename: Ghazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qura'n
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Majali
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D061605:Administration, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003002:Clonixin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D007095:Imidocarb / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide; D004177:Dipyrone; D001285:Atropine; D007095:Imidocarb; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D003002:Clonixin; C031719:imidocarb dipropionate