title: Iron bioavailability in Wistar rats fed with fortified rice by Ultra Rice technology with or without addition of yacon flour (Smallanthus sonchifolius).
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate iron (Fe) bioavailability in Wistar rats fed with rice fortified with micronized ferric pyrophosphate (FP) by Ultra Rice (UR) technology with or without addition of yacon flour as a source of 7.5% of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Diets were supplied with 12 mg iron/kg from the following sources: ferrous sulfate (FS - control diet), fortified rice with micronized ferric pyrophosphate (Ultra Rice) (UR diet), ferrous sulfate + yacon flour (FS + Y diet) or Ultra Rice + yacon flour (UR + Y diet). Blood samples were collected at the end of depletion and repletion stages for determination of hemoglobin concentration and calculation of the relative biological value (RBV). Also, the content of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetic, propionic and butyric acids) from animals' stools and caecum weight were determined. The UR diet showed high iron bioavailability (RBV = 84.7%). However, the addition of yacon flour in the diet containing fortified rice (UR + Y diet) decreased RBV (63.1%) significantly below the other three groups (p < 0.05). Groups that received yacon flour showed higher acetic acid values compared to those who did not. In conclusion, fortified UR with micronized ferric pyrophosphate showed high iron bioavailability but the addition of yacon flour at 7.5% FOS reduced iron bioavailability despite increased caecum weight and SCFA concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ceres M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Della Lucia
authors.forename: Maria das Graças
authors.initials: Md
authors.lastname: Vaz Tostes
authors.forename: Carlos Mário M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Lívia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bordalo
authors.forename: Fabiana C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Helena Maria
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pinheiro-Sant'Ana
authors.forename: Hércia S D
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Neuza Maria B
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005527:Food, Fortified; D007501:Iron / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D012275:Oryza; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D011756:Diphosphates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D007501:Iron; C049051:ferric pyrophosphate