title: The impact of Girdin expression on recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal-type breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with luminal-type breast cancer (positive for ER and/or PgR), a complete consensus on the threshold indication for a combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy has not been achieved, especially for patients with HER2-negative luminal type (HNLT). Girdin, an actin-binding Akt substrate, plays a crucial role in the migration of cancer cells. This study examined the expression of Girdin in relation to clinicopathological features and other immunohistochemical markers (HER2, Ki-67), especially in patients with HNLT breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred one breast cancer patients who underwent surgery were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for Girdin and other biomarkers, such as ER, PgR, HER2, and Ki-67.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive expression of Girdin was observed in 26 patients. The expression of Girdin was significantly associated with the incidence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.001). Among the other examined biomarkers, positive expression of Ki-67 also showed a significant association with the incidence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.04). In the HNLT breast cancer patients (n = 73), the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower (57 %) in patients with positive expression of both Girdin and Ki-67 than the rate in other patients (92 %) (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the expression of Girdin in invasive breast cancer is strongly associated with lymph node metastasis. The expression status of Girdin and Ki-67 can be a useful biomarker in stratifying patients with HNLT breast cancer into those with high risk of recurrence and the need for additional chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimae
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokuryo
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwakoshi
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C502451:CCDC88A protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human