title: Phytochemical markers of different types of red propolis.
abstract: Propolis is a resin that bees collect from different plant sources and use in the defense of the bee community. The intricate composition of propolis varies depending on plant sources from different geographic regions and many types have been reported. Red coloured propolis found in several states in Brazil and in other countries has known antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Different analytical methods have been applied to studies regarding the chemical composition and plant origins of red propolis. In this study samples of red propolis from different regions have been characterised using direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS) fingerprinting. Data from the fingerprints was extracted and analysed by multivariate analysis to group the samples according to their composition and marker compounds. Despite similar colour, the red coloured propolis samples were divided into three groups due to contrasting chemical composition, confirming the need to properly characterise the chemical composition of propolis.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Technology of Bioactive Products Postgraduate Program, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Begoña Giménez-Cassina
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Eduardo Morgado
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Marcos N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.forename: Alexandra C H F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sawaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001938:Brazil; D003116:Color; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011429:Propolis
keywords: Dalbergia ecastophyllum; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry fingerprinting; Red Brazilian propolis; Ultra-high-efficiency liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry