title: Comparison antinociceptive activity of the aqueous methanolic extracts of Salvia Hypoleuca and Phytolacca americana in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-nociceptive activity of aerial parts of Phytolacca (P.) americana and Salvia Hypoleuca were investigated, using the hot plate method in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antinociceptive activity of aerial parts of Phytolacca americana and Salvia Hypoleuca were investigated using the hot plate method. In addition, the effect of its aerial parts on morphine dependence was investigated in mice. After induction of dependence by morphine, different concentrations of plants aerial parts extract were injected to treated groups. To assess morphine withdrawal, mice were injected naloxone (5 mg/kg) i.p. on the 5th day. After four consecutive days of morphine injection, withdrawal syndrome was assessed by placing each mouse in a 30 cm high glass box and recording the frequency of escape jumps for 60 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aqueous methanolic extract of aerial parts of P. Americana and S. Hypoleuca produced a statistically significant increase in pain threshold after 30 min of i.p. injection of extract, in comparison with the control groups, at adose of 190 and doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg (p < 0.001) respectibility. The activity was comparable to that of morphine (30 mg/kg i.p., p > 0.05). The anti-nociceptive activity of P. Americana and S. Hypoleuca increased until the 60th min (p < 0.05 compared to morphine).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support the extensive use of S. Hypoleuca and P. americana in Western Asia and America. The LD50 of extracts S. Hypoleuca and P. americana following a 14 days acute toxicity study were calculated to be a bout 1800 and 208 mg kg-1 i.p. respectability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxico-Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. toxkarami@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shamerani
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alemy
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gohari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehsani Vostacolaee
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D029604:Phytolacca americana; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027544:Salvia
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D010936:Plant Extracts