title: The relation of co-occurring musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms with work ability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms, occurring alone or both together, with self-rated current work ability and thoughts of early retirement.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a nationally representative sample drawn in 2000-2001, we studied actively working subjects aged 30 to 64 years (n = 4009).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Musculoskeletal pain was associated with moderate/poor physical work ability (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.2) and mental work ability (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2). Depressive symptoms were associated with moderate/poor mental work ability only (adjusted OR = 4.2; 95% CI, 2.3 to 7.9). Moreover, only musculoskeletal pain was associated with thoughts of early retirement (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8). There was an interaction between musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms regarding physical work ability and thoughts of early retirement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms is strongly related to poor self-rated physical work ability.
authors.affiliation: From the Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability (Drs Shiri, Kaila-Kangas, and Leino-Arjas), Disability Prevention Centre (Drs Shiri, Viikari-Juntura, and Leino-Arjas), and Centre of Expertise for Work Organizations (Drs Ahola and Kivekäs), Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health and Functional Capacity (Dr Heliövaara), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and Occupational Health Services (Dr Miranda), OP-Pohjola Group, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Rahman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiri
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaila-Kangas
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahola
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kivekäs
authors.forename: Eira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viikari-Juntura
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heliövaara
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leino-Arjas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D012179:Retirement / Q000523:psychology*; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation