title: Identification of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 as diagnostic biomarker for early-stage alcohol-induced liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol consumption is a major cause of liver disease in humans. The use and monitoring of biomarkers associated with early, pre-clinical stages of alcohol-induced liver disease (pre-ALD) could facilitate diagnosis and treatment, leading to improved outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the pathological, transcriptomic and protein changes in early stages of pre-ALD in mice fed the Lieber-Decarli liquid diet with or without alcohol for four months to identify biomarkers for the early stage of alcohol induced liver injury. Mice were sampled after 1, 2 and 4 months treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathological examination revealed a modest increase in fatty liver changes in alcohol-treated mice. Transcriptomics revealed gene alterations at all time points. Most notably, the Igfbp1 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1) was selected as the best candidate gene for early detection of liver damage since it showed early and continuously enhanced induction during the treatment course. Consistent with the microarray data, both Igfbp1mRNA expression in the liver tissue and the IGFBP1 serum protein levels showed progressive and significant increases over the course of pre-ALD development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that in conjunction with other tests, serum IGFBPI protein could provide an easily measured biomarker for early detection of alcohol-induced liver injury in humans.
authors.forename: Heng-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doiron
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC 20057, USA. af294@georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fornace
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1