title: Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses elicited by poly (DL-lactide) adjuvanted filarial antigen molecules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In our recent studies, Brugia malayi molecules have shown interesting immune-stimulating and immune-suppressive properties. Among these, F6 a pro-inflammatory (54-68 kDa) SDS-PAGE resolved fraction of the parasite when administered with Freund's complete/incomplete adjuvant in animals, elicited both Th1 and Th2 type immune responses and protects the host from filarial parasite.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was aimed at developing biodegradable microspheres for filarial antigenic protein molecules and to investigate the immunoadjuvanticity of microspheres (Ms)-loaded F6 molecules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Poly-lactide microspheres (DL-PLA-Ms) were prepared using double emulsification and solvent evaporation method; and studied their size, shape, antigen adsorption efficiency, in-process stability, and antigen release profiles. F6 and B. malayi adult worm (BmA: ∼ 17 to 180 kDa) protein molecules adsorbed on the Ms were administered in a single shot into Swiss mice, subcutaneously, and investigated their immunoadjuvant effect and compared with one/two doses-schedule of plain F6/BmA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunization with F6/BmA-loaded DL-PLA-Ms resulted in upregulation of cellular proliferation, IFN- γ, TNF-α and NO release from host's cells stimulated with F6/BmA or LPS/Con A, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels. These responses were well comparable with the responses produced by two doses of plain BmA/F6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, a single dose of DL-PLA-Ms-F6 induced predominantly Th1 immune responses and well comparable with two doses of plain F6. This is the first ever report on potential of DL-PLA-Ms as adjuvant for filarial immunogen.
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University , Sagar, MP , India and.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Atul Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kushwaha
authors.forename: Sujith Kurian
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: P Kalpna
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Dharmveer
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kohli
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D017178:Brugia malayi / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects*; D007114:Immunization; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D011091:Polyesters; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014612:Vaccines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C033616:poly(lactide); D007371:Interferon-gamma