title: Work schedule and client characteristics associated with workplace violence experience among nurses and midwives in sub-Saharan Africa.
abstract: Violence against health care workers perpetrated by clients and/or their friends and family (Type II) is a growing problem that can severely impact health care delivery. We examined the prevalence of Type II workplace violence among nurses and midwives in sub-Saharan Africa and its association with work status, schedule, and client characteristics. Nurses and midwives (n = 712) completed an anonymous survey while attending nursing meetings. Generalized estimating equation models, accounting for clustering within residing countries, were employed. Participants who were exposed to risky client characteristics (aOR = 1.39-1.78, p < .001), and those who worked more than 40 hours a week were more likely to have experienced Type II workplace violence (aOR = 1.72-2.15, p < .05). Findings will inform policy and organization level interventions needed to minimize nurses' and midwives' exposure to Type II workplace violence by identifying risky clients and addressing long work hours.
authors.forename: Mazen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Ghaziri
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipscomb
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008880:Midwifery; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014789:Visitors to Patients; D064450:Workplace Violence
keywords: Africa; client characteristics; midwives; nurses; work characteristics; work status; workplace violence