title: Stressors relating to patient psychological health following stoma surgery: an integrated literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize empirical evidence relating to stressors that may affect patients' psychosocial health following colostomy or ileostomy surgery during hospitalization and after discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive search was performed on the CINAHL®, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science electronic databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight articles were included with three qualitative and five quantitative research designs. Most studies were conducted in Western nations with one other in Taiwan. Following colostomy or ileostomy surgery, common stressors reported by patients during hospitalization included stoma formation, diagnosis of cancer, and preparation for self-care. After discharge, stressors that patients experienced encompassed adapting to body changes, altered sexuality, and impact on social life and activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review suggests that patients with stomas experience various stressors during hospitalization and after discharge. Additional research is needed for better understanding of patient postoperative experiences to facilitate the provision of appropriate nursing interventions to the stressors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To help patients deal with stressors following stoma surgery, nurses may provide pre- and postoperative education regarding the treatment and recovery process and encourage patient self-care. Following discharge, nurses may provide long-term ongoing counseling and support, build social networks among patients with stomas, and implement home visit programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stoma surgery negatively affects patients' physical, psychological, social, and sexual health. Postoperative education programs in clinical settings mostly focus on physical health and underemphasize psychological issues. More pre- and postoperative education programs are needed to help patients cope with stoma stressors.
authors.affiliation: Singapore General Hospital.
authors.forename: Seng Giap Marcus
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Hui-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rosalind Jiat Chiew
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Siah
authors.forename: Hong-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Piyanee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klainin-Yobas
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D015706:Bibliometrics; D001828:Body Image; D003125:Colostomy / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012107:Research Design; D012648:Self Care; D019529:Sexuality; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing; D054047:Surgical Stomas