title: Biologic agents in nail psoriasis: efficacy data and considerations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nail psoriasis plays a major role in the overall assessment of psoriatic disease. Four biologic agents are officially labeled for the treatment of moderate to severe, stable plaque psoriasis (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, ustekinumab) and have enriched subsequently the therapeutic armamentarium against psoriatic nails. However, evidence for the efficacy of these agents for nail psoriasis is under investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review an effort has been made to summarize evidence regarding the efficacy of biologics in nail psoriasis. A systemic search for reports of biologic agents in psoriatic patients with nail involvement was carried out (MEDLINE and CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library). Relevant data are thoroughly presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All four biologic agents have shown efficacy on psoriatic nail disease. However, published data are heterogeneous, based on studies assessing the therapeutic efficacy with different scoring indexes and at different time points, depending on the time table of each drug administration. Therefore, the need for consensus on core outcome to be used is mandatory. Additionally, optimization of the scoring systems and the conduction of further trials of high quality and validity could lead to more accurate conclusions on the efficacy of biologic agents in the treatment of nail psoriasis.
authors.affiliation: Aristotle University School of Medicine, 2nd Dermatology Department , Thessaloniki , Greece docmouli@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyriakou
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patsatsi
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sotiriadis
mesh_terms: D001685:Biological Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors