title: Twelve-year follow-up of conservative management of postnatal urinary and faecal incontinence and prolapse outcomes: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term (12-year) effects of a conservative nurse-led intervention for postnatal urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based intervention in three centres (in the UK and New Zealand).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 747 women with urinary incontinence at 3 months after childbirth, of whom 471 (63%) were followed up after 12 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were randomly allocated to active conservative treatment after delivery (pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training), or to a control group receiving standard care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of urinary incontinence (primary outcome) and faecal incontinence, symptoms and signs of prolapse, and performance of pelvic floor muscle training at 12 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant improvements relative to controls that had been found in urinary incontinence (60 versus 69%; risk difference, RD, -9.1%; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, -17.3 to -1.0%) and faecal incontinence (4 versus 11%; RD -6.1%; 95% CI -10.8 to -1.6%) at 1 year did not persist for urinary incontinence (83 versus 80%; RD 2.1%; 95% CI -4.9 to 9.1%) or faecal incontinence (19 versus 15%; RD 4.3%; 95% CI -2.5 to 11.0%) at the 12-year follow up, irrespective of incontinence severity at trial entry. The prevalence of prolapse symptoms or objectively measured pelvic organ prolapse also did not differ between the groups. In the short term the intervention motivated more women to perform pelvic floor muscle training (83 versus 55%), but this fell in both groups by 12 years (52 versus 49%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The moderate short-term benefits of a brief nurse-led conservative treatment for postnatal urinary incontinence did not persist. About four-fifths of women with urinary incontinence 3 months after childbirth still had this problem 12 years later.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: C M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Glazener
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacArthur
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elders
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lancashire
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Herbison
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bladder training; faecal incontinence; pelvic floor dysfunction; pelvic floor muscle training; pelvic organ prolapse; randomised controlled trial; urinary incontinence