title: Somatotype and intellectual ability (Raven Progressive Matrices Test) in Chilean school-age children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between somatotype and intellectual ability (IA) in 11-12 and 15-16 year-old students (n = 1,015) in the Chile's Metropolitan Region from a representative sample of 33 educational establishments chosen at random.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Heath-Carter somatotype and the IA assessed through the Raven Progressive Matrices Test were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endomorph was observed in 59% of the students; 28% had a mesomorph and 13% ectomorph. The IA was distributed in: 11.2% Grade I, 26.8% Grade II, 41% Grade III, 17.6% Grade IV and 3.2% Grade V. A positive and significant correlation of IA with the endomorphic component (r = 0.074, p = 0.02) was found in the total sample and only in females (r = 0.109, p = 0.02); at the same time, a positive and significant correlation with the ectomorph component was also observed (r = 0.067, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that other variables would influence more strongly the IA for which further research is needed to quantitate this multifactorial problem.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Antropología Física y Anatomía Humana. Laboratorio de Técnicas Anatómicas. Instituto de Biología. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Valparaíso. Chile.
authors.forename: Liliana U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.forename: Pablo A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lizana
authors.forename: Yasna Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.forename: Francisca S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Villagrán
authors.forename: Vanessa F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Atilio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Almagià
authors.forename: Raquel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: Daniza M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ivanovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002677:Chile; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D013008:Somatotypes