title: How to freak a Black & Mild: a multi-study analysis of YouTube videos illustrating cigar product modification.
abstract: Cigar smoking is increasingly common among adolescents who perceive cigars as less harmful than cigarettes. This perception of reduced harm is especially true for cigars that are user-modified by removing the tobacco binder through a process called 'freaking'. Little is known about 'freaking' and this multi-study, mixed-methods analysis sought to understand better the rationale and prevailing beliefs about this smoking practice using YouTube videos. In Study 1, we conducted a descriptive content analysis on the characteristics of 26 randomly sampled cigar product modification (CPM) videos posted during 2006-10. In Study 2, a thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts of commentary associated with each video to characterize viewers' comments about video content. Study 1 results revealed that 90% of videos illustrated a four-step CPM technique: 'Loosening the tobacco'; 'Dumping the tobacco'; 'Removing the cigar binder' and 'Repacking the tobacco'. Four themes related to the purpose of CPM were also derived from video content: 'Easier to smoke' (54%), 'Beliefs in reduction of health risks' (31%), 'Changing the burn rate' (15%) and 'Taste enhancement' (12%). Study 2 results concerning the content characteristics of video comments were categorized into three themes: 'Disseminating information/answering questions' (81%), 'Seeking advice/asking questions' (69%) and 'Learning cigar modification techniques' (35%). Favorable comments were more common (81%) compared to unfavorable (58%) and comment content suggested low-risk perceptions and poor understanding of smoking harms. These findings highlight a novel means for youth to access information concerning CPM that may have important implications for tobacco control policy and prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA and Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
authors.forename: Aashir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasim
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Caroline O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: Brittany M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: May G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eissenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*; D062789:Tobacco Products; D014743:Videotape Recording