title: Kinetic assessment of golf shoe outer sole design features.
abstract: This study assessed human kinetics in relation to golf shoe outer sole design features during the golf swing using a driver club by measuring both within the shoe, and beneath the shoe at the natural grass interface. Three different shoes were assessed: metal 7- spike shoe, alternative 7-spike shoe, and a flat soled shoe. In-shoe plantar pressure data were recorded using Footscan RS International pressure insoles and sampling at 500 Hz. Simultaneously ground reaction force at the shoe outer sole was measured using 2 natural grass covered Kistler force platforms and 1000 Hz data acquisition. Video recording of the 18 right-handed golfers at 200 Hz was undertaken while the golfer performed 5 golf shots with his own driver in each type of shoe. Front foot (nearest to shot direction) maximum vertical force and torque were greater than at the back foot, and there was no significant difference related to the shoe type. Wearing the metal spike shoe when using a driver was associated with more torque generation at the back foot (p < 0. 05) than when the flat soled shoe was worn. Within shoe regional pressures differed significantly with golf shoe outer sole design features (p < 0.05). Comparison of the metal spike and alternative spike shoe results provided indications of the quality of regional traction on the outer sole. Potential golf shoe outer sole design features and traction were presented in relation to phases of the golf swing movement. Application of two kinetic measurement methods identified that moderated (adapted) muscular control of foot and body movement may be induced by golf shoe outer sole design features. Ground reaction force measures inform comparisons of overall shoe functional performance, and insole pressure measurements inform comparisons of the underfoot conditions induced by specific regions of the golf shoe outer sole. Key pointsAssessments of within golf shoe pressures and beneath shoe forces at the natural grass interface were conducted during golf shots with a driver.Application of two kinetic measurement methods simultaneously identified that moderated (adapted) muscular control of the foot and body movement may be induced by golf shoe outer sole localised design features.Ground force measures inform overall shoe kinetic functional performance.Insole pressure measurement informs of underfoot conditions induced by localised specific regions of the golf outer sole.Significant differences in ground-shoe torque generation and insole regional pressures were identified when different golf shoes were worn.
authors.affiliation: University of Chichester , Chichester, West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Worsfold
authors.forename: Neal A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Rosemary J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dyson
keywords: Club; driver; grass; ground- reaction-force; insole-pressure; spikes.