title: Clinical and epidemiological aspects related to the detection of adenovirus or respiratory syncytial virus in infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize and compare clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory aspects of infants with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) associated with the detection of adenovirus (ADV) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
  
  
  METHODS
  A preliminary respiratory infection surveillance study collected samples of nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) for viral research, linked to the completion of a standard protocol, from children younger than two years admitted to a university hospital with ALRI, between March of 2008 and August of 2011. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for eight viruses: ADV, RSV, metapneumovirus, Parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3, and Influenza A and B. Cases with NPA collected during the first 24 hours of admission, negative results of blood culture, and exclusive detection of ADV (Gadv group) or RSV (Grsv group) were selected for comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preliminary study included collection of 1,121 samples of NPA, 813 collected in the first 24 hours of admission, of which 50.3% were positive for at least one virus; RSV was identified in 27.3% of cases surveyed, and ADV was identified in 15.8%. Among the aspects analyzed in the Gadv (n = 58) and Grsv (n = 134) groups, the following are noteworthy: the higher mean age, more frequent prescription of antibiotics, and the highest median of total white blood cell count and C-reactive protein values in Gadv.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR can detect persistent/latent forms of ADV, an aspect to be considered when interpreting results. Additional studies with quantitative diagnostic techniques could elucidate the importance of the high frequency observed.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pneumology Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Care, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ferone_eduardo@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ferone
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pneumology Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Care, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eitan N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Berezin
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuliana S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Durigon
authors.affiliation: Emergency Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Care, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Finelli
authors.affiliation: Emergency Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Care, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria C C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Felício
authors.affiliation: Pneumo-Functional Physical Therapy, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Storni
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edison L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Durigon
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle B L de
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D017677:Age Distribution; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D012621:Seasons
keywords: Adenoviruses human; Adenovírus humanos; Child hospitalized; Criança hospitalizada; Infecções respiratórias; Respiratory tract infections