title: Dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary patterns and biomarkers of inflammation have been scarcely associated. The aim was to assess dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting blood samples were collected from 12- to 17-year old girls (n=219) to measure adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and food intake were also measured. Western (WDP) and Mediterranean (MDP) dietary patterns were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI and WHtR were associated with adiponectin, leptin and hs-CRP (the last, only associated with BMI). Intakes of β-carotene equivalents and vitamin C were associated with adiponectin; saturated fatty acids (SFA), vitamin A, manganese and selenium with leptin; linoleic acid with PAI-1; and oleic acid and vitamin E with IL-6. Selenium was inversely associated with adiponectin, whereas magnesium was positively associated with IL-6. MDP was associated with higher plasma concentrations of adiponectin (β=0.174, P<0.05); after adjustment for BMI, associations were not significant (β=0.144, P=0.076). WDP was negatively associated with adiponectin (β=-0.177, P<0.05) and positively with IL-6 (β=0.183, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclinical inflammation is detectable with increasing BMI and also WHtR. Measures of adiposity (BMI and WHtR) are significant predictors of adiponectin, leptin and hs-CRP. Dietary patterns per se have a small role in affecting inflammatory markers among adolescents.
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain [2] CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Mar Bibiloni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maffeis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Llompart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tur
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055105:Waist Circumference; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D019301:Oleic Acid; D008345:Manganese; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D012643:Selenium; D001205:Ascorbic Acid