title: Estimation of the bioaccumulation potential of a nonchlorinated bisphenol and an ionogenic xanthene dye to Eisenia andrei in field-collected soils, in conjunction with predictive in silico profiling.
abstract: In silico-based model predictions, originating from structural and mechanistic (e.g., transport, bioavailability, reactivity, and binding potential) profiling, were compared against laboratory-derived data to estimate the bioaccumulation potential in earthworms of 2 organic substances (1 neutral, 1 ionogenic) known to primarily partition to soil. Two compounds representative of specific classes of chemicals were evaluated: a nonchlorinated bisphenol containing an -OH group (4,4′-methylenebis[2,6-di-tert-butylphenol] [Binox]), and an ionogenic xanthene dye (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-, disodium salt [Phloxine B]). Soil bioaccumulation studies were conducted using Eisenia andrei and 2 field-collected soils (a clay loam and a sandy soil). In general, the in silico structural and mechanistic profiling was consistent with the observed soil bioaccumulation tests. Binox did not bioaccumulate to a significant extent in E. andrei in either soil type; however, Phloxine B not only accumulated within tissue, but was not depurated from the earthworms during the course of the elimination phase. Structural and mechanistic profiling demonstrated the binding and reactivity potential of Phloxine B; this would not be accounted for using traditional bioaccumulation metrics, which are founded on passive-based diffusion mechanisms. This illustrates the importance of profiling for reactive ionogenic substances; even limited bioavailability combined with reactivity can result in exposures to a hazardous substance not predictable by traditional in silico modeling methods.
authors.forename: Juliska
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Princz
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnell
authors.forename: Ellyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velicogna
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Robidoux
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scroggins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D010697:Eosine I Bluish / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; C030593:4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); D010697:Eosine I Bluish