title: Proteomic analysis of the low mutation rate of diploid male gametes induced by colchicine in Ginkgo biloba L.
abstract: Colchicine treatment of G. biloba microsporocytes results in a low mutation rate in the diploid (2n) male gamete. The mutation rate is significantly lower as compared to other tree species and impedes the breeding of new economic varieties. Proteomic analysis was done to identify the proteins that influence the process of 2n gamete formation in G. biloba. The microsporangia of G. biloba were treated with colchicine solution for 48 h and the proteins were analyzed using 2-D gel electrophoresis and compared to protein profiles of untreated microsporangia. A total of 66 proteins showed difference in expression levels. Twenty-seven of these proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Among the 27 proteins, 14 were found to be up-regulated and the rest 13 were down-regulated. The identified proteins belonged to five different functional classes: ATP generation, transport and carbohydrate metabolism; protein metabolism; ROS scavenging and detoxifying enzymes; cell wall remodeling and metabolism; transcription, cell cycle and signal transduction. The identification of these differentially expressed proteins and their function could help in analysing the mechanism of lower mutation rate of diploid male gamete when the microsporangium of G. biloba was induced by colchicine.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yaru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Yingyue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011058:Pollen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species