title: Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile and 4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: A novel series of pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile and 4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile derivatives was designed, synthesized, and found to act as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. From this series of compounds, compound 17a was identified as an efficacious, safe, and selective inhibitor of DPP-4. In vivo studies in ICR and KKAy mice showed that administration of this compound resulted in decreased blood glucose in these mice after an oral glucose challenge. Compound 17a showed high DPP-4 inhibitory activity (IC(50)=0.017 μM), moderate selectivity against DPP-4 (selective ratio: DPP-8/DPP-4=1324; DPP-9/DPP-4=1164), and good efficacy in oral glucose tolerance tests in ICR and KKAy mice. These in vivo anti-diabetic properties and its desirable pharmacokinetic profile in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrate that compound 17a is a promising candidate for development as an anti-diabetic agent.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; C032519:pyrrolidine
keywords: 4-Fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile; Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; Oral glucose tolerance test; Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile; Type 2 diabetes