title: A mechanistic understanding of processing additive-induced efficiency enhancement in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
abstract: The addition of processing additives is a widely used approach to increase power conversion efficiencies for many organic solar cells. We present how additives change the polymer conformation in the casting solution leading to a more intermixed phase-segregated network structure of the active layer which in turn results in a 5-fold enhancement in efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tassone
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Niskala
authors.forename: Alan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yiu
authors.forename: Olivia P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jean M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fréchet
authors.forename: Pierre M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Beaujuge
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Toney
mesh_terms: D037741:Fullerenes / Q000737:chemistry; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D012993:Solar Energy; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: C539575:(6,6)-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester; D037741:Fullerenes; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011137:Polystyrenes; D013876:Thiophenes; C533756:poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate); C057114:phenyl di-n-pentylphosphinate
keywords: SAXS; additives; microstructure; organic photovoltaics; solar cells