title: Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy: a prospective, randomised, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness, in terms of analgesic efficacy and safety, of ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block performed with bupivacaine in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy. Eighteen client-owned male cats scheduled for perineal urethrostomy were enrolled in the study and assigned to one of two treatment groups. The pudendal nerve block was performed under general anaesthesia, as described elsewhere, with 0.3 ml/kg of either saline (group C) or 0.5% bupivacaine (group B) - the total injection volume being split equally between the two sites of injection (left and right). Intra-operatively, assessment of nociception was based on the rescue analgesics requirement, as well as on the evaluation of changes in physiological parameters in comparison with the baseline values. Postoperative pain assessment was performed using three different pain scales at recovery and then 1, 2 and 3 h after recovery. Cats in group B showed lower heart rates and required fewer analgesics during surgery than group C. Postoperatively, group B had lower pain scores and needed less rescue buprenorphine than group C. Iatrogenic block-related complications were not observed. In conclusion, the ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block can be considered clinically useful in feline medicine as it provides reliable analgesia in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dayer
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spadavecchia
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angeli
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002415:Cats; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D060525:Pudendal Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine