title: Temperature dependence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in first intermediate host snail, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos.
abstract: Determining of the success of a parasite's infectiveness in its snail host clearly depends on environmental conditions. Temperature, one of the most influential factors impinging on metabolism of cold-blooded animals, is believed to be an important factor in parasitic infection in snails. In order to elucidate the influence of temperature, sex and size of snails on infectivity of Opisthorchis viverrini to its first intermediate host, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, 960 snails were divided into 2 groups by sex. Each group was subdivided by their size into small and medium sub-groups. Each snail was fed with embryonated uterine-eggs of O. viverrini at different temperatures (16-37°C, 3°C intervals). Dissections were carried out 1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days thereafter and detection of O. viverrini infection was undertaken by PCR using specific primers. Infection was strongly temperature-dependent, as temperature increases of 1°C resulted in increased odds of infection 5.4% (P<0.01). A temperature of 34°C gave the highest rate of infection of 44.14%. We also found that the odds of infection in small sized snails was 39.8% higher relative to medium sized snails (P<0.05). Relative to day 1, the decrease in the odds of infection was detected when the day post infection was longer (P<0.01). Proportion of infection in female was not different to male significantly.
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sattrachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasopdee
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jutharat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulsantiwong
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Supawadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piratae
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Technology and Faculty of College of Higher Education, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhonratchasima 30000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khampoosa
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chalida
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thammasiri
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Apiporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwannatrai
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thewarach
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laha
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grams
authors.affiliation: Queensland Tropical Health Alliance, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loukas
authors.affiliation: Food-borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address: smarn_te@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Smarn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tesana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009889:Opisthorchiasis; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012908:Snails / Q000469:parasitology*; D013696:Temperature
keywords: Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos; Infectivity; Opisthorchis viverrini; Temperature dependence