title: Troxerutin suppresses lipid abnormalities in the heart of high-fat-high-fructose diet-fed mice.
abstract: The reversal effect of troxerutin (TX) on obesity, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, oxidative damage, and hypertension induced in the high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed mice model of metabolic syndrome was investigated. Adult male Mus musculus mice of body weight 25-30 g were fed either control diet or HFFD. Each group was divided into two and treated or untreated with TX (150 mg/kg bw, p.o.) from the 16th day. Assays were done in plasma and heart after 30 and 60 days of the experimental period. Significant increase in the levels of glucose and insulin, blood pressure (BP), and oxidative stress were observed after 30 days of HFFD feeding as compared to control. Animals fed HFFD for 60 days developed more severe changes in the above parameters compared to those fed for 30 days. Hearts of HFFD-fed mice registered downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, carnitine palmitoyl transferse-1b and AMP-activated protein kinase; and upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36, fatty acid-binding protein-1, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c after 60 days. TX administration restricted obesity (as seen by Lee's index); improved whole body insulin sensitivity; reduced BP, lipid accumulation, and oxidative damage; upregulated fatty acid (FA) oxidation; and downregulated FA transport and lipogenesis. Histology of heart revealed that TX diminishes inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty degeneration in HFFD-fed mice. The antioxidant property of TX and its ability to influence lipid regulatory genes could be the underlying mechanisms for its beneficial effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajagopalan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geetha
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yogalakshmi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sreeja
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhavani
authors.forename: Carani Venkatraman
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Anuradha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D050612:Fatty Acid Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D050612:Fatty Acid Transport Proteins; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside; D047493:PPAR alpha; C493569:Slc27a1 protein, mouse; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D005632:Fructose; C005865:troxerutin