title: Modern management of a patent foramen ovale.
abstract: A patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with medical conditions such as cryptogenic stroke, migraine with aura, and decompression illness. Whether closure of the PFO has clinical benefit has been suggested from registry studies, but not yet confirmed in multiple randomized trials. Methods of diagnosis of a PFO and a summary of the current evidence for treatment is presented and discussed as a guide to patient-centred decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Hammersmith Hospital, Cardiovascular Sciences and the Renal Institute, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kanaganayagam
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Malik