title: Effects of urinary bladder retroflexion and surgical technique on postoperative complication rates and long-term outcome in dogs with perineal hernia: 41 cases (2002-2009).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of urinary bladder retroflexion (UBR) and surgical technique on postoperative complication rates and long-term outcome in dogs with perineal hernia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  41 client-owned dogs with perineal hernia that underwent surgery between November 2002 and November 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for information on dog signalment, history, physical examination findings, ultrasonographic findings, surgical techniques, intraoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and long-term outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  31 dogs had no UBR, and 10 dogs had UBR. Internal obturator muscle transposition (IOMT) was performed in 20 dogs, and a cystopexy or colopexy was performed before the IOMT (LapIOMT) in 21. Postoperative complications included tenesmus (n = 8) and urinary incontinence (1). Rates of postoperative complications were not significantly different between the no-UBR and UBR groups or between the IOMT and LapIOMT groups. Thirty-two dogs were free of clinical signs at the time of the study. The median disease-free interval did not differ significantly between dogs in the no-UBR and UBR groups, but it was significantly lower in the LapIOMT group than in the IOMT group. None of the 7 dogs with UBR that were treated without cystopexy developed recurrence of UBR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UBR was not associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications relative to no UBR and had no effect on the long-term outcome in dogs with perineal hernia. The use of IOMT alone may be recommended for clinical use because LapIOMT offered no clear advantage.
authors.affiliation: Clinique vétérinaire Alliance, 8 blvd Godard, 33300 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Guillaume
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bureau
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monnet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D006547:Hernia / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010502:Perineum / Q000473:pathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary