title: The usefulness of 3-dimensional virtual simulation using haptics in training orotracheal intubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Airway control is the most critical treatment. The most common and basic method of endotracheal intubation is orotracheal intubation. To perform accurate and rapid tracheal intubation, appropriate education and training are required. We developed the virtual simulation program utilizing the 3-dimensional display and haptic device to exercise orotracheal intubation, and the educational effect of this program was compared with that of the mannequin method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The control group used airway mannequin and virtual intubation group was trained with new program. We videotaped both groups during objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with airway mannequin. The video was reviewed and scored, and the rate of success and time were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate was 78.6% in virtual intubation group and 93.3% in control group (P = 0.273). There was no difference in overall score of OSCE (21.14 ± 4.28 in virtual intubation group and 23.33 ± 4.45 in control group, P = 0.188), the time spent in successful intubation (P = 0.432), and the number of trials (P > 0.101).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The virtual simulation with haptics had a similar effect compared with mannequin, but it could be more cost effective and convenient than mannequin training in time and space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heoukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chan Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Ha
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008348:Manikins; D012119:Respiration; D014584:User-Computer Interface