title: Reliability and validity of nasality ratings between a monolingual and bilingual listener for speech samples from English-Spanish-Speaking children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine if a monolingual English listener could rate nasality in English and in Spanish with the same proficiency as a bilingual English-Spanish listener, and to compare nasalance scores with nasality ratings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speakers for this study were 26 bilingual English-Spanish-speaking children. Speech samples and nasalance scores were obtained simultaneously as each speaker recited one English sentence and one Spanish sentence. A monolingual listener and a bilingual listener rated nasality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the English sentences, the intrajudge correlation coefficient was r = 0.89 for the monolingual listener and r = 0.89 for the bilingual listener. For the Spanish sentences, the intrajudge correlation coefficient was r = 0.91 for the monolingual listener and r = 0.92 for the bilingual listener. Interjudge agreement was r = 0.86 for rating English sentences and r = 0.78 for rating Spanish sentences. All correlation coefficients were significant (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficients between nasality ratings and nasalance scores were essentially the same for both listeners and both languages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A monolingual and a bilingual judge had high agreement on ratings of nasality for English and Spanish speech. The relationship between nasalance and nasality was not different across languages.
authors.affiliation: University of Nevada, Reno, Nev., USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watterson
authors.forename: Kerry E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Tanna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murdock
authors.forename: Kelly Nett
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Cordero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate; D016250:Compact Disks; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013067:Speech Perception; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology; D014481:United States; D014833:Voice Quality