title: Efficacy of beta blockers in the management of problem behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review.
abstract: Both medication and non-medication based strategies are used in the management of problem behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Beta-adrenoceptor blocking medications are one group of drugs used for this purpose. However, despite its regular use, the evidence for the efficacy of these drugs for in this context is lacking. A systematic review was conducted to establish the research evidence for the efficacy of beta blockers in problem behaviours in adults and children with intellectual disabilities. Although the research identified supported the efficacy of beta blockers for this indication the overall quality of studies identified was poor and no randomised controlled trials were identified. There is a need for more robust research into the use of beta blockers for people with intellectual disabilities who show problem behaviours.
authors.affiliation: Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. Electronic address: fran.ward@ridgeway.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tharian
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Shoumitro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: Gemma L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Unwin
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
keywords: Autism spectrum conditions; Beta adrenergic blockers; Intellectual disability; Problem behaviours; Propanolol; Self-injurious behaviour