title: RNAi function, diversity, and loss in the fungal kingdom.
abstract: RNAi is conserved and has been studied in a broad cross-section of the fungal kingdom, including Neurospora crassa, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mucor circinelloides. And yet well known species, including the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis, have lost RNAi, providing insights and opportunities to illuminate benefits conferred both by the presence of RNAi and its loss. Some of the earliest studies of RNAi were conducted in Neurospora, contemporaneously with the elucidation of RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans. RNAi is a key epigenetic mechanism for maintaining genomic stability and integrity, as well as to defend against viruses, and given its ubiquity was likely present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. In this review, we describe the diversity of RNAi mechanisms found in the fungi, highlighting recent work in Neurospora, S. pombe, and Cryptococcus. Finally, we consider frequent, independent losses of RNAi in diverse fungal lineages and both review and speculate on evolutionary forces that may drive the losses or result therefrom.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Room 322 CARL Building, Research Drive, Box 3546, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
authors.forename: R Blake
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Billmyre
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calo
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feretzaki
authors.forename: Xuying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heitman
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000235:genetics; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics; D014588:Ustilago / Q000235:genetics