title: Incretins, amylin and other gut-brain axis hormones in children with coeliac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research indicated that coeliac disease (CD) is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the gut-brain axis peptide hormones secretion has not been evaluated so far in patients with CD prior to treatment initiation or under treatment, irrespective of patients having concomitant T1DM or not. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate these gut hormones at the preprandial levels of patients with CD before and under treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of forty-seven CD children, 12 untreated (UCD), 22 treated with gluten-free diet (TCD) and 13 treated CD with coexisting T1DM (DCD), and 18 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Preprandial glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP), active amylin, acylated ghrelin (AG), leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide-tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) were determined with hormone-map-array technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found in patients with CD compared with HC that the concentration of (i) GLP-1 was reduced remarkably in all patients with CD (P = 0.008), (ii) GIP was lower in patients with UCD (P = 0.008), (iii) amylin was remarkably reduced (P < 0.01) in all patients with CD, (iv) AG was significantly decreased in patients with DCD (P < 0.01), while (v) leptin, PP and PYY were not significantly different. GIP, GLP-1 and amylin levels correlated positively with insulin concentrations (P < 0.001, P = 0.004 and P < 0.01, respectively) in all patients. Amylin and GIP levels were strongly associated with triglycerides concentrations (P < 0.001, for both peptides) in children with CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed a different secretion pattern of gut-brain axis hormones in children with CD compared with HC. The alterations in the axis were more pronounced in children with both CD and T1DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papastamataki
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papassotiriou
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartzeliotou
authors.forename: Andriani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vazeou
authors.forename: Eleftheria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roma
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kanaka-Gantenbein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D054439:Ghrelin; D054795:Incretins; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D020738:Leptin; D019894:Peptide YY; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
keywords: Amylin; coeliac disease; gut peptide hormones; type 1 diabetes mellitus