title: Treatment of refractory keloids with pulsed dye laser alone and with rotational pulsed dye laser and intralesional corticosteroids: A retrospective case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The limited available effective treatments make the management of keloids challenging. Intralesional triamcinolone and pulsed dye laser have been used for the treatment of keloids. We sought to assess the efficacy of a treatment regime using rotational intralesional triamcinolone and pulsed dye laser in the management of keloids. Materials (Subjects) and Methods: Case notes and photographic records of 99 patients with keloids treated with pulsed dye laser (PDL) alone or rotational PDL and intralesional triamcinolone (ILT) at our centre between 2005 and 2010 were reviewed. Patients with raised, erythematous and/or symptomatic keloids unresponsive to ILT alone (usually 6 treatments) are referred for consideration of PDL. Patients are offered repeated rotational treatments of three PDL (4-15 J/cm(2), 7 mm spot, 1.5 msec pulse duration, 595 nm wavelength, DCD, 30 msec spray: 20 msec delay; spaced at 6-8 weeks intervals) followed by one ILT (10 mg or 40 mg/dl). ILT-treated flat but erythematous and/or symptomatic keloids are treated with PDL alone at 6-8 week intervals. Response after each laser treatment is documented as a percentage improvement from baseline. Based on the improvement in redness, thickness and pruritus the operator classified the response to treatment as mild (0-49%), moderate (50-75%) or excellent (>75%). Patients are reviewed at 6 months following last treatment. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was also sent out to all patients who received treatments between 2005 and 2010 and this was compared with the information gathered from the notes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 99 patients, 58 were women and 41 were men and most were Caucasian (n=84). A total of 755 keloids were treated. The average number of PDL treatments to achieve a moderate-excellent result was 14 in male and 12 in females. Moderate-excellent improvement was seen in 76% patients. The average number of ILT required to achieve a moderate-excellent result was 5 in males and 4 in females. All patients were sent a satisfaction questionnaire and 33 responses were received wherein patients reported an average of 70% improvement in the redness and thickness of the keloids. Localised cutaneous atrophy, self-limiting erythema and injection site discomfort were noted in 3 female patients whilst no side-effects noted in the male cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulsed dye laser with or without intralesional triamcinolone is a moderately effective treatment of keloid scars with a very good side-effect profile and high patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Laser Division, The Dermatology Centre, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stephanides
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Pj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: August
authors.forename: Je
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Madan
keywords: Keloids; Laser; Pulsed dye laser; Scars; Triamcinolone