title: A clinical investigation of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing 1.5% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride, as sodium monofluorophosphate in a calcium base, on primary root caries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this six-month study was to assess the ability of a new dentifrice containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound, and 1450 ppm fluoride, as sodium monofluorophosphate, to arrest and reverse primary root caries lesions in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three test groups used dentifrices which contained either: 1) 1.5% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate in a calcium base (experimental); 2) 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride in a silica base (positive control); or 3) no fluoride in a calcium base (negative control). The study participants were residents of the city of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. In order to take part, subjects had to have at least one non-cavitated primary root caries lesion. A total of 412 subjects completed the study. They were aged from 50 to 70 years (mean age 64 +/- 4.1 years) and 53.6% were female. Efficacy for arresting and reversal of primary root caries was assessed by clinical hardness measures and through the use of the Electrical Caries Monitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After three months of product use, clinical hardness measures showed that 27.7%, 24.6%, and 13.1% of lesions had improved in the experimental, positive, and negative control groups, respectively, and 0.7%, 4.5%, and 16.8% had become worse, respectively. The differences in the distribution of lesion change between the negative control group and both the experimental (p < 0.001) and positive control (p = 0.001) were statistically significant. The Electrical Caries Monitor was also used as an objective measure of lesion severity. The end values increased from baseline to the three-month examinations, but none of the differences between the groups attained statistical significance. After six months, clinical hardness measures showed that only one lesion (0.7%) was worse than at the baseline examination-in the experimental group compared to 9.0% and 18.2% in the positive and negative control groups, respectively. In addition, 61.7%, 56.0%, and 27.0%, respectively, showed improvement for the three groups. The differences in the distribution of lesion change scores between the negative control group and both the experimental (p < 0.001) and positive control (p < 0.001) were statistically significant, as was the difference between the experimental group and the positive control (p = 0.006). The Electrical Caries Monitor end values for the experimental, positive, and negative control groups at the six-month examination were 7.9, 1.9 mega omega(s), and 387 kilo omegas(s), respectively. The differences between the negative control group and both the experimental (p < 0.001) and positive control (p < 0.001) were statistically significant. The difference between the experimental and positive control groups was also statistically significant (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that the new toothpaste containing 1.5% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride, as sodium monofluorophosphate in a calcium base, provided greater anticaries benefits than a conventional toothpaste containing 1450 ppm fluoride. Both fluoride toothpastes demonstrated greater benefits than non-fluoride toothpaste.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ellwood
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003732:Dental Caries Activity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017213:Root Caries / Q000145:classification / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D014099:Toothbrushing; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003802:Dentifrices; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D001120:Arginine; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium