title: Pesticide risk perception and biomarkers of exposure in Florida female farmworkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare workplace characteristics, workplace behaviors, and the health beliefs of female farmworkers of childbearing age with actual biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate pesticides and to the fungicide mancozeb.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hispanic and Haitian farmworkers between the ages of 18 and 40 years working in nursery or fernery operations were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey, examining demographics, work practices, work-related hygiene, and pesticide exposure beliefs. Single-void (spot) urine samples were analyzed for organophosphate and ethylenethiourea metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in nurseries worried less frequently about the effects of pesticides on their health than those in fernery operations. In summary, organophosphate and ethylenethiourea levels in nursery workers were significantly higher than levels in fernery workers and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results showed that perceived pesticide exposure did not correspond to actual metabolite levels within differing agricultural subpopulations.
authors.affiliation: From the Nell Hodgson School of Nursing (Drs Runkle, Williams, and McCauley and Mr Semple), Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Farmworker Association of Florida (Mr Tovar-Aguilar and Ms Economos), Apopka, Fla; University of Florida (Dr Flocks), Gainesville, Fla; and Nutrition Sciences Department of the College of Nursing and Health Professions (Dr Muniz), Drexel University, Philadelphia, Penn.
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Runkle
authors.forename: J Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tovar-Aguilar
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Economos
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flocks
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCauley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005031:Ethylenethiourea / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000652:urine; D006205:Haiti / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007306:Insecticides / Q000652:urine*; D008344:Maneb / Q000652:urine; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000652:urine*; D010465:Perception; D017132:Workplace; D015038:Zineb / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007306:Insecticides; D010755:Organophosphates; D008344:Maneb; D005031:Ethylenethiourea; C013099:mancozeb; D015038:Zineb