title: Morphological changes of condyles and Helkimo clinical dysfunction index in patients treated with Herbst--orthodontic appliance.
abstract: This study evaluated the morphological changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyles and calculated the Helkimo clinical dysfunction index (CDI) in adolescents with Class II Division 1 malocclusion and mandibular retrognathism treated with the Herbst appliance (phase I) and fixed orthodontic appliances (phase II). Thirty-two consecutive adolescents underwent phase I, and 23 completed phase II. The TMJs were evaluated qualitatively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the beginning of treatment (T1), during phase I (T2), at the end of phase I (T3) and at the end of phase II (T4). The CDI was calculated at T1, T3 and T4. From T1 to T3 (p=0.326), there were no changes in condyle morphology in 86.0% of the TMJs. From T3 to T4 (p<0.05) and T1 to T4 (p<0.05), changes occurred in 39.1% and 43.4% of the condyles. No significant changes in CDI occurred from T1 to T3, T3 to T4 and T1 to T4 (p=1.000; 86.6%, 76.2% and 76.2% concordance). After phase I, there were practically no changes in condyle morphology. At the end of phase II, a mild flattening was observed in some condyles. It may be concluded that no significant changes occurred in CDI after both treatment phases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, UNISANTA - Santa Cecília University, SantosSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luís Antônio de Arruda
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Aidar
authors.forename: Márcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrahão
authors.forename: Hélio K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Gladys Cristina
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Dominguez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional