title: Tissue-specific bioconcentration of the synthetic steroid hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: The steroid hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), commonly used in oral and injectable contraceptives, has been detected in surface and wastewaters near urban and agricultural areas in several rivers of the world. The objectives of this study were to examine the accumulative potential and tissue distribution of MPA in fish. A freshwater species, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), was exposed to 100 μg/L of MPA for a 7-day period followed by a depuration phase in which fish were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for an additional 7 days. Tissues (muscle, brain, plasma, and liver) were sampled during the uptake (days 1, 3, and 7) and depuration (day 14) phases of the experiment. Tissue-specific bioconcentration factors (BCF) ranged from 4.3 to 37.8 and uptake was greatest in the liver>brain>plasma and lowest in the muscle. From a regulatory standpoint, MPA shows little tendency to bioaccumulate in fish.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Science, Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA. Electronic address: wbsteele@gmail.com.
authors.forename: W Baylor
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: Santos N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Duane B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Huggett
authors.forename: Barney J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Venables
authors.forename: Sid Edwin
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: La Point
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
keywords: Bioconcentration; Common carp; Pharmaceuticals; Progestins