title: Mosquitoes of Western Yunnan Province, China: seasonal abundance, diversity, and arbovirus associations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The western borderland between Yunnan Province, China, and Myanmar is characterized by a climate that facilitates year-round production of mosquitoes. Numerous mosquito-transmitted viruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus circulate in this area. This project was to describe seasonal patterns in mosquito species abundance and arbovirus activity in the mosquito populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mosquitoes were collected in Mangshi and Ruili cities of Dehong Prefecture near the border of China and Burma in Yunnan Province, the Peoples Republic of China in 2010. We monitored mosquito species abundance for a 12-month period using ultraviolet light, carbon dioxide baited CDC light and gravid traps; and tested the captured mosquitoes for the presence of virus to evaluate mosquito-virus associations in rural/agricultural settings in the area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 43 species of mosquitoes from seven genera were collected, including 15 Culex species, 15 Anopheles spp., four Aedes spp., three Armigeres spp., one Mimomyia spp., two Uranotaenia spp. and three Mansonia spp.. Species richness and diversity varied between Mangshi and Ruili. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles peditaeniatus were the most abundant species in both sampling sites. Ultraviolet light traps collected more specimens than CDC light traps baited with dry ice, though both collected the same variety of mosquito species. The CDC gravid trap was the most effective trap for capture of Culex quinquefasciatus, a species underrepresented in light trap collections. A total of 26 virus strains were isolated, which included 13 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus, four strains of Getah virus, one strain of Oya virus, one strain from the orbivirus genus, and seven strains of Culex pipien pallens densovirus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study illustrates the value of monitoring mosquito populations and mosquito-transmitted viruses year-round in areas where the climate supports year-round adult mosquito activity.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention/ Yunnan Provincial Center of Virus and Rickettsia Research, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hai-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nasci
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yong-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chao-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bao-Sen
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheng-Liu
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Pi-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shi-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Can-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huan-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lyle R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001103:Arboviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D009033:Culicidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D011156:Population Density; D012621:Seasons; D014887:Weather