title: Least-squares deconvolution of evoked potentials and sequence optimization for multiple stimuli under low-jitter conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapid presentation of stimuli in an evoked response paradigm can lead to overlap of multiple responses and consequently difficulties interpreting waveform morphology. This paper presents a deconvolution method allowing overlapping multiple responses to be disentangled.
  
  
  METHODS
  The deconvolution technique uses a least-squared error approach. A methodology is proposed to optimize the stimulus sequence associated with the deconvolution technique under low-jitter conditions. It controls the condition number of the matrices involved in recovering the responses. Simulations were performed using the proposed deconvolution technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple overlapping responses can be recovered perfectly in noiseless conditions. In the presence of noise, the amount of error introduced by the technique can be controlled a priori by the condition number of the matrix associated with the used stimulus sequence. The simulation results indicate the need for a minimum amount of jitter, as well as a sufficient number of overlap combinations to obtain optimum results. An aperiodic model is recommended to improve reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose a deconvolution technique allowing multiple overlapping responses to be extracted and a method of choosing the stimulus sequence optimal for response recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique may allow audiologists, psychologists, and electrophysiologists to optimize their experimental designs involving rapidly presented stimuli, and to recover evoked overlapping responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; HEARing Co-operative Research Centre, Australia; National Acoustic Laboratories, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: Fabrice.Bardy@nal.gov.au.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bardy
authors.affiliation: HEARing Co-operative Research Centre, Australia; National Acoustic Laboratories, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: HEARing Co-operative Research Centre, Australia; National Acoustic Laboratories, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Bram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Dun
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009622:Noise; D010812:Physical Stimulation
keywords: Least-squares (LS) deconvolution; Low-jitter; Multiple stimuli; Optimization of stimulus sequence