title: The future of osteoarthritis therapeutics: emerging biological therapy.
abstract: Biological therapy is a thriving area of research and development, and is well established for chronic forms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, there is no clinically validated biological therapy for osteoarthritis (OA). Chronic forms of OA are increasingly viewed as an inflammatory disease. OA was largely regarded as a "wear and tear disease". However, the disease is now believed to involve "low grade" inflammation and the growth of blood vessels and nerves from the subchondral bone into articular cartilage. This realization has focused research effort on the development and evaluation of biological therapy that targets proinflammatory mediators, angiogenic factors and cytokines in articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium in chronic forms of OA. This review article provides an overview of emerging biological therapy for OA, and discusses recent molecular targets implicated in angiogenesis and neurogenesis and progress with antibody-based therapy, calcitonin, and kartogenin, the small molecule stimulator of chondrogenesis.
authors.affiliation: D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, ali.mobasheri@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobasheri
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002116:Calcitonin; C549319:tanezumab