title: Vitamin D deficiency in patients with tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and association of Vitamin D deficiency in patients with tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical Department, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian, from July 2010 to June 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five outdoor patients of tuberculosis were selected with 255 gender matched controls. Tuberculosis was diagnosed by presence of acid fast bacilli in sputum smears, positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or demonstration of chronic caseating granulomatous inflammation in tissue specimens. Controls were drawn randomly from general population. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D3] levels < 25 ng/ml was considered Vitamin D deficiency. The results were analyzed on SPSS version 17.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean Vitamin D levels were 23.23 ± 6.81 ng/ml in cases, 29.27 ± 8.89 ng/ml in controls (p < 0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 57% of cases and 33% controls (p < 0.0001). Mean Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in females with tuberculosis (20.84 ng/ml) as compared to males (25.03 ng/ml, p = 0.002). Mean BMI in patients of tuberculosis with Vitamin D deficiency were 19.51 ± 1.77 kg/m2 and in patients with normal Vitamin D were 21.65 ± 1.79 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001). Mean Vitamin D levels in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was lower to a mean of 15.41 ± 4.67 ng/ml (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant deficiency of Vitamin D in patients with tuberculosis as compared to controls. This deficiency is more pronounced in females, individuals with low BMI, extra pulmonary and MDR tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian.
authors.forename: Raheel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iftikhar
authors.forename: Sultan Mehmood
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kamran
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qadir
authors.forename: Ehtesham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bin Usman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents