title: Has health in Spain been declining since the economic crisis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The economic recession starting in 2008 may be having negative effects on health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to identify and characterise changes in trends in 15 health indicators in Spain during the recession.
  
  
  METHODS
  Joinpoint regression and average annual percent change (AAPC) were used to compare trends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Premature mortality rates from several causes of death, except from cancer, showed statistically significant downward trends during the recession, as did poor self-reported health. HIV incidence was stable. No indicator declined significantly more slowly during the recession than in the preceding 4-year period, and two declined significantly faster.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health in Spain has continued to improve during the first four years of the economic recession at a rate equal to or higher than in previous years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, , Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Regidor
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barrio
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D057172:Economic Recession / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D059066:Gross Domestic Product; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiological methods; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH STATUS; MORTALITY; SURVEILLANCE