title: Stratified medicine for mental disorders.
abstract: There is recognition that biomedical research into the causes of mental disorders and their treatment needs to adopt new approaches to research. Novel biomedical techniques have advanced our understanding of how the brain develops and is shaped by behaviour and environment. This has led to the advent of stratified medicine, which translates advances in basic research by targeting aetiological mechanisms underlying mental disorder. The resulting increase in diagnostic precision and targeted treatments may provide a window of opportunity to address the large public health burden, and individual suffering associated with mental disorders. While mental health and mental disorders have significant representation in the "health, demographic change and wellbeing" challenge identified in Horizon 2020, the framework programme for research and innovation of the European Commission (2014-2020), and in national funding agencies, clear advice on a potential strategy for mental health research investment is needed. The development of such a strategy is supported by the EC-funded "Roadmap for Mental Health Research" (ROAMER) which will provide recommendations for a European mental health research strategy integrating the areas of biomedicine, psychology, public health well being, research integration and structuring, and stakeholder participation. Leading experts on biomedical research on mental disorders have provided an assessment of the state of the art in core psychopathological domains, including arousal and stress regulation, affect, cognition social processes, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy. They have identified major advances and promising methods and pointed out gaps to be addressed in order to achieve the promise of a stratified medicine for mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: MRC-Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO80, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address: gunter.schumann@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holte
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Centre and Medical Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E Ronald
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: de Kloet
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Bergen and Psychiatric division, Health Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Ketil J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Oedegaard
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: MRC-Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO80, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
authors.forename: Tom R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Walker-Tilley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Istvan
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authors.lastname: Bitter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
authors.forename: Verity J
authors.initials: VJ
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authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, University Medical Center, St Radboud and Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
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authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
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authors.affiliation: Donders Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cools
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
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authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
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authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Herta
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authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
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authors.affiliation: Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
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authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Bergen and Psychiatric division, Health Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Erik
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authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Psychology, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
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authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany and Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lesch
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Shon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
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authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
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authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, Orsay; AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
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authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
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authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Walter E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nutt
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Persico
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
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authors.lastname: Perugi
authors.affiliation: Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Mathias
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authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich W
authors.initials: UW
authors.lastname: Preuss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rybakowski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Behavioural Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Carmen
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authors.lastname: Sandi
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Klaas E
authors.initials: KE
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authors.affiliation: Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Juan
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authors.lastname: Undurraga
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorders Programme, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.affiliation: Leiden Institute for Brain and Cogntion/Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nic
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Wee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Til
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wykes
authors.affiliation: Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
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mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D057285:Precision Medicine
keywords: Mental disorder; Neural processes; Psychopathology; Roadmap; Stratified medicine; Treatment