title: Effects of hierarchical micro/nano-textured titanium surface features on osteoblast-specific gene expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of hierarchical hybrid micro/nano-textured titanium surface features on osteoblast differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 3 different implant discs were produced: a hierarchical hybrid micro-/nanostructured titanium surface topography was modified using electrolytic etching (EE) technique, and a sandblasted, acid-etched (SLA) group and a machined (M) group were used as control groups. MG-63 cells were cultured on discs for 1 day to 7 days. The osteoblast response to the hierarchical hybrid micro-/nanostructured titanium surface was evaluated through the osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and gene (OCN, RUNX2, OPN, and Col-I) expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the first, third, fifth and seventh day, the ALP activity, OCN, RUNX2, OPN, and Col-I messenger RNA gene expression, levels of EE were higher in EE group than in M and SLA groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hierarchical hybrid micro-/nanostructured titanium surface has a favorable biocompatibility, which can promote osteoblast differentiation. It could possibly accelerate bone growth, promote bone formation at early stage, and guarantee the immediate loading and early stage loading in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: *Professor (Director), School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China. †Professor (Dean), School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China. ‡Student, Department of Implantology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. §Resident Doctor, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China. ‖Resident Doctor, Department of Stomatology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. ¶Student, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Weiyan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yanjing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Baixiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D024042:Collagen Type I; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D015921:Dental Implants; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase