title: A comparison of hand-arm vibration syndrome between Malaysian and Japanese workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of HAVS in a tropical environment in comparison with a temperate environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a series medical examinations among the forestry, construction and automobile industry workers in Malaysia adopting the compulsory medical examination procedure used by Wakayama Medical University for Japanese vibratory tools workers. We matched the duration of vibration exposure and compared our results against the Japanese workers. We also compared the results of the Malaysian tree fellers against a group of symptomatic Japanese tree fellers diagnosed with HAVS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malaysian subjects reported a similar prevalence of finger tingling, numbness and dullness (Malaysian=25.0%, Japanese=21.5%, p=0.444) but had a lower finger skin temperature (FST) and higher vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) values as compared with the Japanese workers. No white finger was reported in Malaysian subjects. The FST and VPT of the Malaysian tree fellers were at least as bad as the Japanese tree fellers despite a shorter duration (mean difference=20.12 years, 95%CI=14.50, 25.40) of vibration exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the vascular disorder does not manifest clinically in the tropical environment, the severity of HAVS can be as bad as in the temperate environment with predominantly neurological disorder. Hence, it is essential to formulate national legislation for the control of the occupational vibration exposure.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya.
authors.forename: Anselm Ting
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Azlan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darus
authors.forename: Victor C W
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Hoe
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyai
authors.forename: Marzuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isahak
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Awang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bulgiba
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimasu
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D060389:Construction Industry; D005260:Female; D016468:Forestry; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology; D053421:Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult