title: Protocols and Results of Resident Neurosurgeon's Transfemoral Catheter Angiography Training Supervised by Neuroendovascular Specialists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transfemoral catheter angiography (TFCA) is a basic procedure in neurovascular surgery with increasing importance in surgical and non-invasive treatments. Unfortunately, resident neurosurgeons have relatively few opportunities to perform TFCA in most institutions. We report a method developed in our hospital for training resident neurosurgeons to perform TFCA and evaluate the efficacy of this training.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2011 to September 2011, a total of 112 consecutive patients underwent TFCA by one resident neurosurgeon supervised by two neuroendovascular specialists. Patients who underwent elective diagnostic procedures were included in this study. Patients who underwent endovascular treatment were excluded. Demographic data, indications for TFCA, side of approach, number of selected arteries, and complications were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 64 males and 48 females with a mean age of 51.6 (12-81) years. All procedures were performed in the angiography suite. Common indications for procedures were as follows: stroke-induced symptoms in 61 patients (54.5%), Moyamoya disease and arteriovenous malformation in 13 patients (11.6%), and unruptured intracranial aneurysm in eight patients (7.1%). Right and left femoral puncture was performed in 98.2% and 1.8% of patients, respectively. A total of 465 selective angiographies were performed without complications. Angiographic examination was performed on 4.15 vessels per patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TFCA can be performed safely by resident neurosurgeons based on anatomical study and a meticulous protocol under the careful supervision of neuroendovascular specialists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Seong
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Dong-Kyu
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Sun-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sukh-Que
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bum-Tae
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cerebral angiography; Residency; Training