title: Two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine and diclofenac.
abstract: In this paper, we present two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine (CO) and diclofenac (DCF). The first one is based on batch injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) and the second one is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4)D). The proposed BIA-MPA method is highly-precise (RSD of 1.1% and 0.9% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10), fast (300 injections h(-1)) and has low detection limits (1.1 and 1.0 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). The proposed CE-C(4)D method allows the determination of CO and DFC in less than 1 min with high precision (RSD of 0.3% and 0.7% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10) and low detection limits (11 and 21 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). Both proposed methods were applied to the determination of CO and DCF in pharmaceutical samples with similar results to those achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a 95% confidence level.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Tofanello
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Gimenes
authors.forename: Rafael Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Michelle Miranda Araújo de Carvalho
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Polyana Fernandes
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Eduardo Mathias
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003061:Codeine / Q000032:analysis*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000032:analysis*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013607:Tablets; D004008:Diclofenac; D003061:Codeine
keywords: Batch injection analysis (BIA); CE-C(4)D; Capillary electrophoresis; Multiple pulse amperometry; Two component determination