title: Herd-level risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteria on dairy farms in Minnesota, USA.
abstract: This study aimed to identify herd-level risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteria (STB) on dairy cattle farms in Minnesota, USA. After adjustment for farm size, risk factors included: use of total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8 to 5.1], no use of monensin for weaned calves (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.5, 9.3), and no use of decoquinate for preweaned calves (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.6). Fecal shedding of STB was more common in small herds (< 100 cows, OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1, 6.2) than in large herds (≥ 100 cows). Herd management factors related to cattle feeding practices were associated with fecal shedding of STB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea (Cho); Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA-APHIS-VS, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA (Fossler); Department of Food Science and Nutrition (Diez-Gonzalez), Department of Veterinary Population Medicine (Wells, Bender), Department of Environmental Health Sciences (Hedberg), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55108, USA; The Population Medicine Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA (Kaneene); Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA (Ruegg); Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA (Warnick).
authors.forename: Seongbeom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fossler
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kaneene
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ruegg
authors.forename: Lorin D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Warnick
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bender
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057138:Bacterial Shedding; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003612:Dairying; D003667:Decoquinate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D008985:Monensin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D003049:Coccidiostats; D003667:Decoquinate; D008985:Monensin