title: Sequential average segmented microscopy for high signal-to-noise ratio motion-artifact-free in vivo heart imaging.
abstract: In vivo imaging is often severely compromised by cardiovascular and respiratory motion. Highly successful motion compensation techniques have been developed for clinical imaging (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging) but the use of more advanced techniques for intravital microscopy is largely unexplored. Here, we implement a sequential cardiorespiratory gating scheme (SCG) for averaged microscopy. We show that SCG is very efficient in eliminating motion artifacts, is highly practical, enables high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in vivo imaging, and yields large field of views. The technique is particularly useful for high-speed data acquisition or for imaging scenarios where the fluorescence signal is not significantly above noise or background levels.
authors.affiliation: Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA ; Equal contribution.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vinegoni
authors.forename: Sungon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Paolo Fumene
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Feruglio
authors.forename: Pasquina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marzola
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nahrendorf
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissleder
keywords: (170.2520) Fluorescence microscopy; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.5810) Scanning microscopy; (180.0180) Microscopy