title: Determination of iodinated X-ray contrast media in sewage by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A method for the quantitative determination of five iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICMs) in sewage was developed by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A fused-core analytical column was successfully applied for the first time for the separation of ICMs. Oasis HLB was selected from the sorbents tested because of its higher recoveries. The optimized method allowed the determination of the ICMs at low ng/L levels in both influent and effluent sewage, with detection limits of 40 ng/L and 10 ng/L for most compounds in influent and effluent sewage, respectively. The five ICMs studied were determined in all samples analysed, with iopromide being the analyte found at the highest concentration (8.9 µg/L), while iopamidol was the analyte found at lowest concentration (1.3 µg/L) in influent sewage. Effluent sewage did not show a significant decrease in ICM concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Echeverría
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borrull
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fontanals
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pocurull
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003973:Diatrizoate; C057937:iomeprol; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D007479:Iopamidol
keywords: Iodinated X-ray contrast media; Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; Sewage; Solid-phase extraction