title: Operational rules for the implementation of INN prescribing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim is to describe the process, principles and results of the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) prescribing project in Belgium. The purpose of this project was to operationalize electronic INN prescribing for outpatient care in daily medical practice and to develop a factual database which can be used in electronic INN prescribing applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The operationalization process consisted of three phases: (1) expert consultation, (2) review by regulatory authorities and (3) test phase with stakeholders and end-users.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The INN prescribing project resulted into (1) operational rules for electronic INN prescribing and (2) a reference database to be implemented in commercial medical software. The operational rules for electronic INN prescribing define valid INN groups as sets of equivalent medicinal products, described by three elements: the therapeutic moiety (the active part of the therapeutic ingredient) or combination of therapeutic moieties, the strength (with standardized denominators), and the method of administration (with simplified but standardized options). The operational rules also define two categories of exemptions for INN prescribing: INN groups where the first choice of treatment should be continued throughout the therapy period (NO SWITCH) and medicinal product groups not suitable for INN prescribing (NO INN). The reference database is the result of the virtual classification of the Belgian therapeutic arsenal into INN groups, according to the operational rules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Defining the operational rules for INN prescribing for and with different stakeholders was a difficult yet feasible assignment. The INN prescribing project resulted into explicit operational rules and a reference database. The Belgian experience may provide important information for other countries planning to operationalize or refine electronic INN prescribing. It can also be used for a thorough evaluation of the impact of the new concept of INN prescribing on daily practice and on medical education.
authors.affiliation: Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Belgium. Electronic address: elien.vanbever@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Elien
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Bever
authors.forename: Veronika J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Majda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azermai
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Loof
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Christiaens
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Bortel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vander Stichele
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000592:standards*; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006801:Humans; D007880:Legislation, Drug / Q000592:standards*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000592:standards*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'
chemical_list: D016568:Drugs, Generic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Belgium; Computerized prescription entry order; Drug Information Services; Electronic prescribing; International Nonproprietary Name (INN) prescribing; Nomenclature; Pharmacopoeias