title: Endovascular methods for the treatment of vascular anomalies.
abstract: Vascular malformations are congenital lesions secondary to errors in the development of arteries, capillaries, veins, or lymphatics. Most of these lesions are sporadic; however, a certain percentage present with syndromes. This article discusses the clinical features, natural history, and epidemiology of these lesions, and the diagnostic imaging features of vascular anomalies of the head and neck are presented. The percutaneous/endovascular treatment of each of the vascular anomalies is described, and surgical and additional treatment options are discussed briefly. The clinical outcomes of the main forms of treatment and level of evidence are presented.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Neuroradiology and Cranial Base Surgery, Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery, and Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health System, UH B1D 328, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA. Electronic address: gemmete@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
authors.forename: Aditya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kasten
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions
keywords: Arteriovenous malformation; Capillary malformation; Hemangioma; Lymphatic malformation; Vascular anomalies; Vascular malformations; Venous malformation