title: Determination of HIV-1 co-receptor usage.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infects target cells through interaction with the CD4 molecule and chemokine receptors, mainly the β-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and the α-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Viral isolates can be phenotypically classified based on the co-receptor they utilize to infect target cells. In this chapter, methods to determine the co-receptor usage of HIV-1 variants are described.
authors.affiliation: Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Department of Immunology, Transplant, and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavarelli
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarlatti
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4