title: Susceptibility and Resistance of Field Populations of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected from Paju to 13 Insecticides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Over 20% of all malaria cases reported annually in the Republic of Korea (ROK) occur in Paju, Gyeonggi Province. Vector control for malaria management is essential, but the insecticide resistance of the vector, Anopheles mosquitoes, has been a major obstacle in implementing effective control. In this study, the insecticide resistance of the vector mosquitoes was evaluated and compared with that of vector mosquitoes collected from the same locality in 2001 and 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  The insecticide resistance of Anopheles sinensis s.s. collected from Paju, Gyeonggi Province in the ROK was evaluated under laboratory conditions with a micro-application method using 13 insecticides currently used by local public health centers and pest control operators in the ROK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on median lethal dose (LC50) values, An. sinensis s.s. were most susceptible to the insecticides bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, and etofenprox in that order, and least susceptible to permethrin. An. sinensis showed higher susceptibility to pyrethroids than organophosphates, except for fenthion and permethrin. In a comparative resistance test, the resistance ratios (RRs) of An. sinensis collected in 2012 (AS12) to the 13 insecticides were compared to the RRs of two strains of An. sinensis collected from the same locality in 2001 (AS01) and 2008 (AS08). With some exceptions, AS12 demonstrated higher resistance to all tested insecticides compared to AS01 and AS08, and less resistance to bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, and cypermethrin compared to AS01.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that careful selection and rotation of these insecticides may result in continued satisfactory control of field populations of An. sinensis s.s. for effective malaria management in Paju.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Entomology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Dae-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: E-Hyun
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Wook-Gyo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Yeol
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Mi Yeoun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: South Korea; anopheles mosquitoes; insecticide resistance