title: A dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex as a one- and two-photon luminescent probe for biological Cu(2+) detection.
abstract: A new dinuclear Ru(II) polypyridyl complex, [(bpy)2 Ru(H2 bpip)Ru(bpy)2 ](4+) (RuH2 bpip, bpy=2,2-bipyridine, H2 bpip=2,6-pyridyl(imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), was developed to act as a one- and two-photon luminescent probe for biological Cu(2+) detection. This Ru(II) complex shows a significant two-photon absorption cross section (400 GM) and displays a remarkable one- and two-photon luminescence switch in the presence of Cu(2+) ions. Importantly, RuH2 bpip can selectively recognise Cu(2+) in aqueous media in the presence of other abundant cellular cations (such as Na(+) , K(+) , Mg(2+) , and Ca(2+) ), trace metal ions in organisms (such as Zn(2+) , Ag(+) , Fe(3+) , Fe(2+) , Ni(2+) , Mn(2+) , and Co(2+) ), prevalent toxic metal ions in the environment (such as Cd(2+) , Hg(2+) , and Cr(3+) ), and amino acids, with high sensitivity (detection limit≤3.33×10(-8)  M) and a rapid response time (≤15 s). The biological applications of RuH2 bpip were also evaluated and it was found to exhibit low cytotoxicity, good water solubility, and membrane permeability; RuH2 bpip was, therefore, employed as a sensing probe for the detection of Cu(2+) in living cells and zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China).
authors.forename: Pingyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lingmin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qitian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jinquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Liangnian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D003959:Diamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D017785:Photons; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: C000590274:1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diamine; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D003959:Diamines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl; D003300:Copper; D012428:Ruthenium
keywords: copper; living cells; luminescent probe; ruthenium; two-photon excitation; zebrafish