title: Chitosan-assisted immobilization of serratiopeptidase on magnetic nanoparticles, characterization and its target delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) gained attentions as universal carrier for drug delivery and for enzyme immobilization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Target delivery of serratiopeptidase for treatment using this enzyme and applications in drug delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serratiopeptidase was immobilized on chitosan amino-functionalized MNPs by covalent bonding through glutaraldehyde. Targeting of MNPs with immobilized enzyme (EMNPs) was carried out in vitro in modified diffusion cell and in vivo in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MNPs and EMNPs were 15.43 ± 5.22 and 18.43 ± 3.23 nm (transmission electron microscopy), crystallite size 16.89 and 21.05 nm (X-ray diffraction) and saturation magnetization 62 and 35.2 emug(-1), respectively. Maximum protein and enzyme loading on EMNPs were 264 mg g(-1) and 325 U g(-1), respectively. In the molecular level, maximum 52 enzyme molecules could bind to each particle showing residual activity 68%, little effect on KM and Vmax, good storage stability. Magnetic targeting of EMNPs increased the delivery (permeation) of drug through membrane in vitro and the enhanced anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats in vivo at much lower doses of enzyme than the doses required for treatment with free enzyme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enzymatic preparation of MNPs showed enhanced effects (permeation enhancement and anti-inflammatory activity) at lower concentration with magnetic targeting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology , Jalandhar, Punjab , India .
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Asim K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.forename: Isha
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dhamija
authors.forename: Mithu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maiti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D048271:Chitosan; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; C022640:serratiopeptidase