title: Nerve injuries during rhytidectomy. Considerations after 3,203 cases.
abstract: The potential for injury to the nerves of the face is ever-present in rhytidectomy. Only a thorough knowledge of the anatomy, of the face, adequate surgical experience, and strict adherence to basic operating principles can avoid problems. The temporalis, paraorbitalis, genian, mandibular, and cervicoauricularis areas each offer hazards, which are detailed in this discussion, along with some technical details to avoid both temporary and permanent damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pitanguy
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ceravolo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dègand