title: Non-hemorrhagic acute complications associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
abstract: Timely recognition and management of acute complications of cirrhosis is of significant importance in order to reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in the hospitalized patient. In this review, we present a practical approach to the identification and management of non-hemorrhagic acute complications of cirrhosis, specifically bacterial infections, acute kidney injury, and acute exacerbation of hepatic encephalopathy, focusing on patient stratification.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole Ming-Ming
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Fernanda Fernandes
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcia-Tsao
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cirrhosis; Decompensated cirrhosis; Hepatic encephalopathy; Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis