title: Somatic comorbidity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk, and CRP in patients with recurrent depressive disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between depression, metabolic syndrome (MBS), somatic, particularly cardiovascular comorbidity, and low-grade chronic inflammation assessed using C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 76 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) and 72 non-depressed medical staff controls from the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb between January 2011 and June 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five percent of patients had somatic comorbidity. The most common comorbid conditions were cardiovascular disorders (46.1%), locomotor system diseases (35.5%), carcinoma (15.8%), thyroid diseases (9.2%), and diabetes (9.2%). MTB was more common in RDD patients (31.6%) than in controls (23.6%), but the difference was not significant. Elevated CRP was found to be significantly more frequent in patients with recurrent depressive disorders (RDD) (35.5%; χ(2) test, P=0.001, Cramer V=0.29) than in controls (12.5%) and was associated with lowered high-density lipoprotein and overweight/obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found some intriguing links between stress, depression, metabolic syndrome, and low grade inflammation, which may be relevant for the prevalence of somatic comorbidity in patients with RDD, but further studies are needed to confirm our results.
authors.affiliation: Radmila Topic, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Psychiatry, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, topicradmila@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Radmila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Topic
authors.forename: Davor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milicic
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stimac
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loncar
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velagic
authors.forename: Darko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marcinko
authors.forename: Miro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein