title: Prevalence of osteoporosis in prostate cancer survivors: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), is associated with increased morbidity. Severe bone loss is a major consequence of androgen ablation and with an increasing number of patients undergoing this treatment, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures can be expected to increase with a significant impact on healthcare. To evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis, we conducted a review of the literature on bone health in men with PCa undergoing ADT. A meta-analysis was conducted using the quality effects model, and sources of heterogeneity were further explored by consideration of discordant effect sizes of included studies in the meta-analysis and examining reasons thereof. Our analyses indicate that the prevalence of osteoporosis varies between 9 and 53 % with this variation partially explained by treatment duration, disease stage, ethnicity and site of osteoporosis measurement. While it is well known that a rapid decline in bone health amongst men with PCa on ADT occurs, this meta-analysis documents the high prevalence of osteoporosis in this population and reinforces the need of preventative approaches as part of usual care of PCa patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Dietetics Research (C-DIET-R), School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia, a.lassemillante@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Annie-Claude M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lassemillante
authors.forename: Suhail A R
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Olivia R L
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone