title: Designing of an intensification process for biosynthesis and recovery of menaquinone-7.
abstract: A nutritional food rich in menaquinone-7 has a potential in preventing osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. The static fermentation of Bacillus subtilis natto is widely regarded as an optimum process for menaquinone-7 production. The major issues for the bulk production of menaquinone-7 are the low fermentation yield, biofilm formation and the use of organic solvents for the vitamin extraction. In this study, we demonstrate that the dynamic fermentation involving high stirring and aeration rates enhances the yield of fermentation process significantly compared to static system. The menaquinone-7 concentration of 226 mg/L was produced at 1,000 rpm, 5 vvm, 40 °C after 5 days of fermentation. This concentration is 70-fold higher than commercially available food products such as natto. Additionally, it was found that more than 80% of menaquinone-7 was recovered in situ in the vegetable oil that was gradually added to the system as an anti-foaming agent. The intensification process developed in this study has a capacity to produce an oil rich in menaquinone-7 in one step and eliminate the use of organic solvents for recovery of this compound. This oil can, therefore, be used for the preparation of broad range of supplementary and dietary food products rich in menaquinone-7 to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures and cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, aydin.berenjian@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berenjian
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahanama
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Regtop
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehghani
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000178:diet therapy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C062629:menaquinone 7