title: Subclinical inflammation during third trimester of pregnancy was not associated with markers of the metabolic syndrome in young adult offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Growing evidence indicates that the metabolic syndrome (MS) is rooted in adverse exposures during fetal life. The aim of this study was to assess the possible associations between biomarkers of inflammation during third trimester of pregnancy and markers of MS in adult offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleuki-6 (IL-6) were measured in serum samples obtained in gestational week 30. Offspring were clinically examined at age 20 years. Analyses based on 439 mother-offspring dyads were adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy, height, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), education, and offspring's sex. Offspring MS markers included waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, HOMA insulin resistance, and plasma levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol fractions, insulin, and leptin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median level was 2.8 (interquartile range = 3.3) µg/ml for CRP, for TNF-α: 5.7 (3.2) pg/ml, for IL-1β: 0.5 (0.4) pg/ml, and for IL-6: 1.1 (0.7) pg/ml. Concentrations were not significantly associated with MS markers in the offspring. The results remained essentially unchanged after correction for potential confounding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Markers for subclinical inflammation in third trimester in healthy women were not associated with components of MS in their adult offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, 2300 S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Danielsen
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granström
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rytter
authors.forename: Thorhallur I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Halldorsson
authors.forename: Bodil Hammer
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.forename: Tine Brink
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: Casper G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schalkwijk
authors.forename: Allan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vaag
authors.forename: Sjurdur F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol