title: [Apomorphine in advanced Parkinson disease].
abstract: Apomorphine is the most potent dopamine receptor agonist and its symptomatic effectiveness is comparable to levodopa. Subcutaneous apomorphine is rapidly and completely absorbed. Plasma peak concentrations are achieved after 5-15 minutes and onset of clinical effect is within 20 minutes. Apomorphine intermittent subcutaneous injections are effective as rescue therapy for unpredictable off periods in advanced Parkinson disease (PD). More often apomorphine is administered as a subcutaneous infusion which secures the continuous dopaminergic stimulation. The benefit on 'off' periods is consistent across all studies, but dyskinesia improvement is not so obvious. Two infusion therapies (apomorphine and intraduodenal levodopa) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are effective in advanced PD patients with untreatable motor complications. Apomorphine infusions should be considered in patients unable to undergo DBS because of cognitive impairment and neurosurgical contraindications.
authors.affiliation: prof. dr hab. Andrzej Bogucki, Klinika Chorób Układu Pozapiramidowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, III Szpital Miejski im. dr. Karola Jonschera, ul. Milionowa 14, 93-113 £ódŸ, Polska, e-mail: andrzej.bogucki@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogucki
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000075202:Contraindications; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D055104:Infusions, Subcutaneous; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D001058:Apomorphine