title: Therapeutic targeting of erbB3 with MM-121/SAR256212 enhances antitumor activity of paclitaxel against erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated expression of erbB3 rendered erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells resistant to paclitaxel via PI-3 K/Akt-dependent upregulation of Survivin. It is unclear whether an erbB3-targeted therapy may abrogate erbB2-mediated paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer. Here, we study the antitumor activity of an anti-erbB3 antibody MM-121/SAR256212 in combination with paclitaxel against erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell growth assays were used to determine cell viability. Cells undergoing apoptosis were quantified by a specific apoptotic ELISA. Western blot analyses were performed to assess the protein expression and activation. Lentiviral vector containing shRNA was used to specifically knockdown Survivin. Tumor xenografts were established by inoculation of BT474-HR20 cells into nude mice. The tumor-bearing mice were treated with paclitaxel and/or MM-121/SAR256212 to determine whether the antibody (Ab) enhances paclitaxel’s antitumor activity. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to study the combinatorial effects on tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MM-121 significantly facilitated paclitaxel-mediated anti-proliferative/anti-survival effects on SKBR3 cells transfected with a control vector or erbB3 cDNA. It specifically downregulated Survivin associated with inactivation of erbB2, erbB3, and Akt. MM-121 enhances paclitaxel-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, activation of caspase-8 and −3, and apoptosis in both paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant cells. Specific knockdown of Survivin in the trastuzumab-resistant BT474-HR20 cells dramatically enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, suggesting that increased Survivin caused a cross-resistance to paclitaxel. Furthermore, the studies using a tumor xenograft model-established from BT474-HR20 cells revealed that either MM-121 (10 mg/kg) or low-dose (7.5 mg/kg) paclitaxel had no effect on tumor growth, their combinations significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the combinations of MM-121 and paclitaxel significantly reduced the cells with positive staining for Ki-67 and Survivin, and increased the cells with cleaved caspase-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combinations of MM-121 and paclitaxel not only inhibit tumor cell proliferation, but also promote erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells to undergo apoptosis via downregulation of Survivin in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that inactivation of erbB3 with MM-121 enhances paclitaxel-mediated antitumor activity against erbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. Our data supports further exploration of the combinatorial regimens consisting of MM-121 and paclitaxel in breast cancer patients with erbB2-overexpressing tumors, particularly those resistant to paclitaxel.
authors.forename: Shuiliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingcao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Edgerton
authors.forename: Ann D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thor
authors.forename: Choon-Kee
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bolin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077022:Survivin; D000068878:Trastuzumab; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D017239:Paclitaxel; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D000077022:Survivin; D000068878:Trastuzumab; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; C000589319:seribantumab