title: Clinical evaluation of a dried blood spot method for determination of mycophenolic acid in renal transplant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical application of dried blood spots (DBS) sampling in renal transplant patients under mycophenolic acid (MPA) immunosuppression, comparing measurements performed in paired plasma and DBS samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  77 paired DBS and plasma samples were obtained from 19 renal transplant patients. MPA was measured in both matrices by HPLC-DAD. Estimated plasma concentrations (EPC) were calculated from DBS concentrations (DC) using the formula EPC=DC/[1-(Hct/100)], using either individual or mean hematocrit (Hct). Agreement between methods was evaluated using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman difference plots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPA concentrations in DBS were in mean 60.7% of those measured in plasma. EPC calculated from DBS and patient's individual Hct presented a high correlation with blood plasma (r=0.9862), and comparable absolute values (slope 1.0563 and intercept -0.0739), being in mean 102.2% of the measured plasma concentrations. EPC can also be calculated with the mean Hct of the group of patients, with similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DBS sampling can be used for TDM of MPA in a clinical setting, employing conventional HPLC equipment, presenting similar results to plasma samples after a proper mathematical treatment. Moreover, due to its intrinsic stability and handling safety, DBS sampling can be considered a useful alternative especially in developing countries where sample logistics could be a major difficulty.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaíne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arpini
authors.forename: Marina Venzon
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Larissa Sgaria
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gnatta
authors.forename: Mariana Ferraz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Elizete
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keitel
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linden
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid
keywords: Dried blood spots; HPLC; Mycophenolic acid; Therapeutic drug monitoring