title: Form-finding model shows how cytoskeleton network stiffness is realized.
abstract: In eukaryotic cells the actin-cytoskeletal network provides stiffness and the driving force that contributes to changes in cell shape and cell motility, but the elastic behavior of this network is not well understood. In this paper a two dimensional form-finding model is proposed to investigate the elasticity of the actin filament network. Utilizing an initially random array of actin filaments and actin-cross-linking proteins the form-finding model iterates until the random array is brought into a stable equilibrium configuration. With some care given to actin filament density and length, distance between host sites for cross-linkers, and overall domain size the resulting configurations from the form-finding model are found to be topologically similar to cytoskeletal networks in real cells. The resulting network may then be mechanically exercised to explore how the actin filaments deform and align under load and the sensitivity of the network's stiffness to actin filament density, length, etc. Results of the model are consistent with the experimental literature, e.g. actin filaments tend to re-orient in the direction of stretching; and the filament relative density, filament length, and actin-cross-linking protein's relative density, control the actin-network stiffness. The model provides a ready means of extension to more complicated domains and a three-dimensional form-finding model is under development as well as models studying the formation of actin bundles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America ; Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jinghai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Daxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yiider
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Baolong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Benjamin William
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Schafer
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological