title: Bleeding manifestations apparently unrelated to coagulation or other organic disorders: A tentative classification and diagnostic clues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the features of bleeding conditions apparently not associated with vascular, platelet, or clotting dysfunctions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conditions that may meet these criteria are: Münchausen syndrome factitious or fictitious, suicidal or homicidal bleeding, bleeding due to self-punishment, stigmatization, the battered child syndrome, and psychogenic bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The importance of these variegate conditions is not trivial in clinical practice. Differential diagnosis may be difficult and involve other specialists besides hematologists. Occasionally, invasive procedures are involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of bleeding in patients, without a clotting defect or a systemic disorder and a negative family history for bleeding represents a diagnostic challenge. A careful examination of the physical and psychological status of the patient and an appropriate evaluation of the environment in which bleeding occurs, is always needed.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girolami
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertozzi
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tasinato
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sambado
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treleani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bleeding; Factitious; Psychogenic; Ritual; Suicidal