title: Inferior mesenteric artery embolization before endovascular aortic aneurysm repair using amplatzer vascular plug type 4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Amplatzer Vascular Plug type 4 (AVP-4) for embolization of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) before endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of the abdominal aorta to prevent endoleaks.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center retrospective review of 31 patients who underwent IMA embolizations before EVAR using the AVP-4 was performed. We analyzed the insertion and detachment procedure, the technical success, and the final position of the plug. Technical success was defined as complete occlusion of the IMA. To compare the incidence of IMA-related type II endoleaks in patients with and without preoperative IMA embolization, we additionally reviewed the course of 43 patients with a preoperatively patent IMA who underwent no IMA embolization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plugs with a diameter of 5, 6, and 8 mm were used in 5 (16.1 %), 21 (67.7 %), and 5 (16.1 %) patients, respectively (50-100 % oversizing). In 29 of 31 patients (93.5 %), we observed complete occlusion of the IMA within 10 min (mean 5.1 min). Precise placement of the plug in the proximal segment of the IMA without occlusion of the first IMA branches was achievable in all patients. The distance between the AVP-4 and the first branches was on average 12 (range 2-57) mm. Preoperative IMA embolization with AVP-4 significantly reduced the incidence of complex IMA-lumbar type II endoleaks after EVAR (0/31 vs. 11/43; p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AVP-4 is a safe, feasible, and technically effective embolization device for IMA embolization before EVAR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany, rene.mueller-wille@ukr.de.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller-Wille
authors.forename: Wibke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Uller
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gössmann
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiggermann
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dollinger
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kasprzak
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stroszczynski
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wohlgemuth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D017537:Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide