title: Effect of exercising while fasting on eating behaviors and food intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alternate day fasting combined with exercise is effective for weight loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral adaptations that occur when ADF is combined with exercise, and to determine how these changes affect weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese subjects (n = 64) were randomized to 1 of 4 groups: 1) combination (ADF + endurance exercise), 2) ADF, 3) exercise, or 4) control, for 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight decreased (P < 0.05) in the combination group (6 ± 4 kg), ADF (3 ± 1 kg), exercise group (1 ± 0 kg), with no change in the control group (0 ± 0 kg). When given the choice, subjects chose to exercise the same amount (P = 0.790) on the fast days (48 ± 2%) as feed days (52 ± 2%). Percent of exercise sessions performed on fast day mornings (20 ± 6%) did not differ (P = 0.453) from fast day afternoons (28 ± 5%). Likeliness to cheat on the fast day was not higher if the subject exercised in the afternoon (17 ± 7%) versus the morning (10 ± 5%). Hunger decreased (P < 0.05) while satisfaction and fullness increased (P < 0.05) post-treatment in the ADF group only. Restrained eating increased (P < 0.05) and uncontrolled eating decreased (P < 0.05) in the combination and ADF groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that endurance exercise is an excellent adjunct therapy to ADF, as it leads to positive behavioral changes that may contribute to long-term steady weight loss.
authors.forename: Surabhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhutani
authors.forename: Monica C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Klempel
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kroeger
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aggour
authors.forename: Yolian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Trepanowski
authors.forename: Kristin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hoddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 103, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. varady@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Krista A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Varady