title: Elevated CNS inflammation in patients with preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that may involve inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Our objective was to determine whether patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a preclinical stage of AD, have inflammatory characteristics similar to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a known CNS inflammatory disease. The frequency of lymphocytes and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of aMCI patients was comparable to MS patients or patients at high risk to develop MS. Thus, brain inflammation occurs early at the preclinical stage of AD and may have an important role in pathology.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA [2] Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ann J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ligocki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Rounds
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Huebinger
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munro Cullum
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stowe
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA [2] Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA [3] Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019070:Cell Lineage; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines