title: Improved detection of drugs of abuse using high-performance ion mobility spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-HPIMS) for urine matrices.
abstract: High-performance ion mobility spectrometry (HPIMS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) has been used to separate drugs of abuse compounds as a function of drift time (ion mobility), which is based on their size, structural shape, and mass-to-charge. HPIMS has also been used to directly detect and identify a variety of the most commonly encountered illegal drugs, as well as a mixture of opiates in a urine matrix without extra sample pretreatment. HPIMS has shown resolving power greater than 65 comparable to that of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with only 1 mL of solvent and sample required using air as the IMS separation medium. The HPIMS method can achieve two-order of magnitude linear response, precise drift times, and high peak area precision with percent relative standard deviations (%RSD) less than 3% for sample quantitation. The reduced mobilities measured agree very well with other IMS measurements, allowing a simple "dilute-and-shoot" method to be used to detect a mixture of codeine and morphine in urine matrix.
authors.affiliation: Excellims Corporation, 20 Main Street Acton, MA 01720, USA. Electronic address: anthony.midey@excellims.com.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Midey
authors.forename: Aesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moraff
authors.forename: Clinton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Ching
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D003061:Codeine / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000652:urine*; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D055672:Static Electricity; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009020:Morphine; D003061:Codeine
keywords: Codeine; Drugs of abuse; ESI; Ion mobility spectrometry; Morphine; Urine detection