title: Production of infant scale evaluation (PRISE) in Italian normal hearing children: a validation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parental questionnaires are important tools in the evaluation of auditory and language skills of very young children affected by sensorineural hearing loss. One of these instruments is the Production on Infant Scale Evaluation (PRISE). The purposes of this study were to adapt and validate the PRISE on Italian children with normal hearing; and to obtain normative data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A back translation technique was used to adapt the Italian version of PRISE. The PRISE was submitted to parents of 234 normal children aged between 3 and 18 months of life. All of them passed local universal newborn hearing screenings and they presented no audiological risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PRISE internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.87. Split-half reliability indexes were λ(4) = 0.89 and λ(6) = 0.89. Corrected item-total correlation coefficients were significant for all items. The correlation of PRISE with a modified Infant Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS), collected for convergent validity measurement purposes, was good (r = 0.743). A positive correlation of PRISE scores with age was found, reflecting on the age-dependence of pre-verbal skills.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate high reliability and convergent validity of the Italian PRISE version. This questionnaire constitutes a robust tool for assessing early language development in infants and toddlers with normal hearing. It seems particularly sensitive to the normal language development in the first years of life, which can be very useful for early rehabilitation of hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Hospital, Via Cantone del Cristo 40, 29121 Piacenza, Italy. Electronic address: domcuda@libero.it.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cuda
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guerzoni
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murri
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biasucci
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fabrizi
mesh_terms: D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Hearing loss; IT-MAIS; Language development; PRISE; Pre-verbal language