title: Phenotypic and genotypic convergences are influenced by historical contingency and environment in yeast.
abstract: Different organisms have independently and recurrently evolved similar phenotypic traits at different points throughout history. This phenotypic convergence may be caused by genotypic convergence and in addition, constrained by historical contingency. To investigate how convergence may be driven by selection in a particular environment and constrained by history, we analyzed nine life-history traits and four metabolic traits during an experimental evolution of six yeast strains in four different environments. In each of the environments, the population converged toward a different multivariate phenotype. However, the evolution of most traits, including fitness components, was constrained by history. Phenotypic convergence was partly associated with the selection of mutations in genes involved in the same pathway. By further investigating the convergence in one gene, BMH1, mutated in 20% of the evolved populations, we show that both the history and the environment influenced the types of mutations (missense/nonsense), their location within the gene itself, as well as their effects on multiple traits. However, these effects could not be easily predicted from ancestors' phylogeny or past selection. Combined, our data highlight the role of pleiotropy and epistasis in shaping a rugged fitness landscape.
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris-Sud, UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA / Univ Paris-Sud / CNRS, Ferme du Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France.
authors.forename: Aymé
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spor
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kvitek
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Thibault
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nidelet
authors.affiliation: Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR 5086; Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, IBCP, 7 passage du, Vercors F-69367, France.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris-Sud, UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA / Univ Paris-Sud / CNRS, Ferme du Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Legrand
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris-Sud, UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA / Univ Paris-Sud / CNRS, Ferme du Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dillmann
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA / Univ Paris-Sud / CNRS, Ferme du Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourgais
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris-Sud, UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA / Univ Paris-Sud / CNRS, Ferme du Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Vienne
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sherlock
authors.affiliation: Univ Paris-Sud, UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA / Univ Paris-Sud / CNRS, Ferme du Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sicard
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D009154:Mutation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C075852:BMH1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
keywords: 14-3-3 protein; Adaptive landscape; experimental evolution; life-history evolution; pleiotropy