title: Demineralization of the contacting surfaces in autologous onlay bone grafts improves bone formation and bone consolidation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autologous bone grafts are usually well consolidated after 4 to 5 months but can be incompletely interlocked with the native bone. This study investigated the effect of acid demineralization of the graft-bed interface on graft consolidation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Onlay bone grafts were performed on the calvaria of 36 guinea pigs. Half of the animals had the graft-bed contacting surfaces demineralized with 50% citric acid (pH 1.0) for 3 minutes (test group). The other half received no demineralization (control group). The bone grafts were immobilized by a resorbable membrane glued to the recipient bed with cyanoacrylate. After 7, 30, and 90 days, specimens (n = 6) were obtained for light microscopy. Data from qualitative analysis and computerized histomorphometry were statistically processed at a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteogenesis was not seen at the interface after 7 days. After 30 days, the test group showed 34.39% ± 13.4% of the interface area filled with mineralized tissue, compared to 17.14% ± 8.6% in the control group (P = 0.026). After 90 days, the mean percentages of mineralized tissue at the interface in the test and control specimens were 54.00% ± 11.23% and 38.65% ± 7.76% (P = 0.041), respectively. Within groups, a higher percentage of the area filled with mineralized tissue was seen at 90 days compared to 30 days (P = 0.004 for control and 0.041 for test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Demineralization of the contacting surfaces between autologous bone graft and bone bed improved new bone formation and bone consolidation. These data need to be confirmed in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Consolaro
authors.forename: Adriana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sant'Ana
authors.forename: Carla A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Damante
authors.forename: Sebastião L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Greghi
authors.forename: Euloir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Passanezi
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000637:transplantation; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000139:chemically induced; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000637:transplantation; D013997:Time Factors; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D019343:Citric Acid; D005337:Fibrin; D003094:Collagen