title: In vitro studies on the role of glycosaminoglycans in crystallization intensity during infectious urinary stones formation.
abstract: Proteus mirabilis cause urinary tract infections which are recurrent and can lead to formation of urinary calculi. Both bacterial and the host factors are involved in the development of urolithiasis. To determine the impact of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the formation of P. mirabilis-induced urinary stones, we investigated the in vitro crystallization, aggregation and adhesion of crystals in the presence of GAGs naturally appearing in urine. Crystallization experiments were performed in synthetic urine infected with P. mirabilis in the presence of: hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate A, B and C (ChSA, ChSB, ChSC). The intensity of crystallization and aggregation were established by counting particles and phase-contrast microscopy. To analyze the adhesion of crystals, we used normal urothelium and (45)Ca isotope-labeled crystals. In the presence of ChSC, both the size of the crystals formed and their number were higher compared with the control. GAGs increased crystals adhesion to the cells, but only for ChSA this effect was significant. Chondroitin sulfates, which accelerate the first stages of infection-induced stones formation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of infectious urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torzewska
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Różalski
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D002460:Cell Line; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000652:urine; D003460:Crystallization; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000652:urine; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000652:urine; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000652:urine; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D008954:Models, Biological; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D011512:Proteus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000069877:Struvite; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000737:chemistry; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000069877:Struvite
keywords: Glycosaminoglycans; Proteus mirabilis; urinary tract infections; urolithiasis