title: Extraction, stability, and separation of betalains from Opuntia joconostle cv. using response surface methodology.
abstract: Betalains were extracted and analyzed from Opuntia joconostle (the prickly pear known as xoconostle in Mexico). For the extraction, two solvent systems were used, methanol/water and ethanol/water. A three-variable Box-Behnken statistical design was used for extraction: solvent concentration (0-80%, v/v), temperature (5-30 °C), and treatment time (10-30 min). The extraction and stability of betalains from xoconostle were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). Techniques such as UV-vis, column chromatography, and HPLC were employed for the separation and analysis of the main pigments present in the extracts. Maximum pigment concentration (92 mg/100 g of fruit) was obtained at a temperature of 15 °C and a time of 10 min for methanol/water (20:80), whereas maximum stability of the pigment was observed at pH 5 and a temperature of 25 °C. HPLC chromatograms showed the main betalains of the xoconostle characterized were betalain, betanidin, and isobetalain.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologı́a Avanzada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación, México D.F. C.P. 11500, Mexico.
authors.forename: Noe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Monica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jaime-Fonseca
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: San Martin-Martinez
authors.forename: L Gerardo
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Zepeda
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D050858:Betalains / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002845:Chromatography; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D029747:Opuntia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D050858:Betalains