title: Metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein concentration as independent correlates of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Inflammation is a common phenotype for cardiometabolic disorders. In this study, we attempted to investigate inter-relationships between metabolic syndrome (MetS), C-reactive protein (an inflammatory biomarker) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from a representative sample of 4425 Chinese adults in Taiwan. The MetS was defined by a unified criteria set by several major organizations. A CKD event was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). Additionly, a CRP cutpoint of 3 mg/L was used to differentiate high and low CRP levels. Overall, 1000 participants had MetS, resulting in a prevalence rate of 22.6%. High CRP level was noted in 782 (17.6%) subjects. In addition, a total of 508 (11.5%) persons qualified as having CKD. Subjects with the MetS had 1.55-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.32] increased odds of CKD compared with their counterparts without the MetS after multiple adjustments. In addition, there was a significantly graded relationship between increasing levels of serum CRP and prevalent CKD (p for trend = 0.001). Participants in the highest category of serum CRP had a significantly elevated odds of CKD as compared with those in the lowest category [odds ratio (OR), 1.60; 95% CI, 1.21-2.12]. However, there was no interaction in excess of additive scale between the presence of MetS and high CRP level (p = 0.83). These findings suggest that MetS and high CRP were independently associated with increased prevalence of CKD in Chinese adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University , Pingtung County , Taiwan .
authors.forename: Tsan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Chi-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Shih-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Po-Chien
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chih-Hsung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chyi-Huey
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: San-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Chien-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Chronic kidney disease; inflammation; metabolic syndrome