title: An adaptive recurrent neural-network controller using a stabilization matrix and predictive inputs to solve a tracking problem under disturbances.
abstract: We present a recurrent neural-network (RNN) controller designed to solve the tracking problem for control systems. We demonstrate that a major difficulty in training any RNN is the problem of exploding gradients, and we propose a solution to this in the case of tracking problems, by introducing a stabilization matrix and by using carefully constrained context units. This solution allows us to achieve consistently lower training errors, and hence allows us to more easily introduce adaptive capabilities. The resulting RNN is one that has been trained off-line to be rapidly adaptive to changing plant conditions and changing tracking targets. The case study we use is a renewable-energy generator application; that of producing an efficient controller for a three-phase grid-connected converter. The controller we produce can cope with the random variation of system parameters and fluctuating grid voltages. It produces tracking control with almost instantaneous response to changing reference states, and virtually zero oscillation. This compares very favorably to the classical proportional integrator (PI) controllers, which we show produce a much slower response and settling time. In addition, the RNN we propose exhibits better learning stability and convergence properties, and can exhibit faster adaptation, than has been achieved with adaptive critic designs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, City University London, London EC1 V0B, UK. Electronic address: michael.fairbank@virgin.net.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fairbank
authors.forename: Shuhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wunsch
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009862:Online Systems; D011340:Problem Solving; D060388:Support Vector Machine
keywords: Exploding gradients; Recurrent neural networks; Stabilization matrix; Tracking problem; Vector control