title: Effect of combined bevacizumab and temozolomide treatment on intramedullary spinal cord tumor.
abstract: METHODS
  C6 glioma cells and an intramedullary spinal cord tumor model were used to evaluate the effect of bevacizumab (Avastin) or temozolomide (TMZ).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we hypothesized that treatment with bevacizumab accelerates the therapeutic effect of TMZ on intramedullary gliomas in an animal model.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recently therapies for the management of intramedullary malignant gliomas include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Concurrent or adjuvant TMZ has been considered an emerging new treatment for intramedullary malignant gliomas; however, high-dose application of TMZ has limitation of side effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  C6 glioma cells were injected into the T5 level of the spinal cord, and TMZ and bevacizumab were administered 5 days after C6 inoculation (n = 7 for each group). Tumor size was analyzed using histology and magnetic resonance imaging at 13 days after tumor inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological analyses and magnetic resonance imaging findings showed that combined treatment with TMZ and bevacizumab reduced tumor mass. The tumor volume of control group was 2.8-fold higher than combined therapy (P < 0.05). Neurological outcomes demonstrated that combined therapy improved hind limb function more than TMZ-alone group or control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that bevacizumab could be useful in combination with TMZ to increase the therapeutic benefits of TMZ for intramedullary spinal cord tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: *Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and †Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Shinchondong, Seodaemungu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gwak
authors.forename: Sung Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Moon Sul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eunhae
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Do Heum
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Keung Nyun
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D000077204:Temozolomide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide