title: Importance of uterine cervical cerclage to maintain a successful pregnancy for patients who undergo vaginal radical trachelectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have performed 36 vaginal radical trachelectomies (RTs) for patients with early invasive uterine cervical cancer and experienced 10 deliveries. Pregnancy after RT has far higher risks of prematurity and complications such as preterm premature rupture of the membrane (pPROM) and chorioamnionitis. We report the significance of transabdominal cerclage in the follow-up of pregnancy after vaginal RT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our operative procedure is based on that of Dargent et al. We amputated the cervix approximately 10 mm below the isthmus. For the removal of the parametrium, we cut at the level of type II hysterectomy. A nylon suture is also placed around the residual cervix. Pregnancy courses after vaginal RT were studied in 9 patients (10 pregnancies) with respect to cervical length and several infectious signs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obstetric prognosis after RT was improved with our follow-up modality. Four patients who were followed up with this modality were able to continue their pregnancies until late in the third trimester. However, it was not effective for four patients who showed cervical incompetence due to slack cerclage. They suffered from pPROM without any infectious signs and uterine contraction. Though we performed transabdominal uterine cervical cerclage for one patient in her 19th week of pregnancy, it was unsuccessful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical cerclage placed at the time of RT played an important role in preventing dilatation of the uterine cervix and the subsequent occurrence of pPROM. Transabdominal cervical cerclage should be performed earlier in pregnancy or before pregnancy in patients who have experienced problems with cervical cerclage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Minami 1-jo, Nishi 16-chome, Chuou-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Miseon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishioka
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Yushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000379:methods; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*