title: Recruitment of discrete regions of the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles is changed in specific sitting postures in individuals with recurrent low back pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate potential changes in the function of discrete regions of the psoas major (PM) and quadratus lumborum (QL) with changes in spinal curvatures and hip positions in sitting, in people with recurrent low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although the PM and QL contribute to control of spinal curvature in sitting, whether activity of these muscles is changed in individuals with LBP is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten volunteers with recurrent LBP (pain free at the time of testing) and 9 pain-free individuals in a comparison group participated. Participants with LBP were grouped into those with high and low erector spinae (ES) electromyographic (EMG) signal amplitude, recorded when sitting with a lumbar lordosis. Data were recorded as participants assumed 3 sitting postures. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted with ultrasound guidance into fascicles of the PM arising from the transverse process and vertebral body, and the anterior and posterior layers of the QL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When data from those with recurrent LBP were analyzed as 1 group, PM and QL EMG signal amplitudes did not differ between groups in any of the sitting postures. However, when subgrouped, those with low ES EMG had greater EMG signal amplitude of the PM vertebral body and QL posterior layer in flat posture and greater EMG signal amplitude of the QL posterior layer in short lordotic posture, compared to those in the pain-free group. For the group with high ES EMG, the PM transverse process and PM vertebral body EMG was less than that of the other LBP group in short lordotic posture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest a redistribution of activity between muscles that have a potential extensor moment in individuals with LBP. The modification of EMG of discrete fascicles of the PM and QL was related to changes in ES EMG signal amplitude recorded in sitting.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Claus
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cresswell
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064131:Back Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult