title: Development of a minimal chemically defined medium for Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH001 based on its genome-scale metabolic model.
abstract: Commercial production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the immediate precursor of l-ascorbic acid, is by Ketogulonicigenium vulgare in co-culture with Bacillus megaterium. We used flux balance analysis (FBA) to study a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of K. vulgare, iWZ663, and found that K. vulgare is deficient in nutrient biosynthetic pathways. Individually omitting l-glycine, l-cysteine, l-methionine, l-tryptophan, adenine, thymine, thiamine and pantothenate from complete chemically defined medium (CDM), caused biomass formation of K. vulgare to decrease to 1%, 21%, 16%, 1%, 26%, 57%, 73% and 24%, respectively. Based on these results and FBA, a minimal chemically defined medium (MCDM) was developed that supported monoculture of K. vulgare (0.28OD600) and 2-KLG production (3.59g/L), which were similar to those in complete CDM or corn steep liquor powder (CSLP) medium. This study demonstrated the potential of using GSMM and FBA to characterize nutrient requirements, optimize CDM, and study interactions in co-culture.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Shicun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. Electronic address: zhangzy@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Jiangshan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. Electronic address: mingll@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008954:Models, Biological; D041902:Rhodobacteraceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013400:Sugar Acids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D013400:Sugar Acids; C011491:provitamin C
keywords: 2-Keto-l-gulonic acid; Chemically defined medium; Essential nutrient; Flux balance analysis; Ketogulonicigenium vulgare