title: Augmented reality partial nephrectomy: examining the current status and future perspectives.
abstract: A minimal access approach to partial nephrectomy has historically been under-utilized, but is now becoming more popular with the growth of robot-assisted laparoscopy. One of the criticisms of minimal access partial nephrectomy is the loss of haptic feedback. Augmented reality operating environments are forecast to play a major enabling role in the future of minimal access partial nephrectomy by integrating enhanced visual information to supplement this loss of haptic sensation. In this article, we systematically examine the current status of augmented reality in partial nephrectomy by identifying existing research challenges and exploring future agendas for this technology to achieve wider clinical translation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Archie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hughes-Hallett
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: e.mayer@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Erik K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hani J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.affiliation: The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Cundy
authors.affiliation: The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ara W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Darzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted