title: Engineering Gd-loaded nanoparticles to enhance MRI sensitivity via T(1) shortening.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique capable of obtaining high-resolution anatomical images of the body. Major drawbacks of MRI are the low contrast agent sensitivity and inability to distinguish healthy tissue from diseased tissue, making early detection challenging. To address this technological hurdle, paramagnetic contrast agents have been developed to increase the longitudinal relaxivity, leading to an increased signal-to-noise ratio. This review focuses on methods and principles that enabled the design and engineering of nanoparticles to deliver contrast agents with enhanced ionic relaxivities. Different engineering strategies and nanoparticle platforms will be compared in terms of their manufacturability, biocompatibility properties, and their overall potential to make an impact in clinical MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruckman
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Nicole F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D050997:Nanomedicine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium