title: Steady state vascular imaging with extracellular gadobutrol: evaluation of the additional diagnostic benefit in patients who have undergone a peripheral magnetic resonance angiography protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the feasibility and additional diagnostic benefit of a high-resolution steady state 3D-volume interpolated breath-hold exam (VIBE) sequence between a continuous table movement (CTM) MR angiography of the entire runoff vasculature and a time-resolved (TWIST) MRA of the calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective IRB approved study 224 patients (72 women, 152 men, mean age 67.29 ± 13.9) were included who had undergone a low-dose MR angiographic protocol at 3T (Siemens TimTrio) after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol including a CTM MRA, a time-resolved MRA of the calf station and a steady state 3D VIBE sequence prior to the time-resolved MRA. One board-certified radiologist rated the image quality of the steady state VIBE sequences on an ordinal three point scale (excellent, good, poor) and analyzed the images for additional diagnostic findings of and beyond the vascular system in comparison to the CTM MRA and the time-resolved MRA. Descriptive statistics and demographic patient data were used for further evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The image quality of the steady state imaging of the pelvis, upper and lower leg was excellent in up to 88%, 84% and 47%, respectively, while poor image quality was only detected in the upper (2%) and lower leg (6%). An additional diagnostic benefit was found in 44% of the patients overall. The most common relevant pathologies included inflammatory processes of the soft tissues (26%), thrombi (14%), abscesses (13%) and tumors (11%). In subgroups of patients above the age of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 years an additional pathology was found in 50% 33%, 44%, 65% and 58%, respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of additional findings between men and women (46% and 39%, p > 0.05) and inpatients and outpatients (42% and 45%, p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steady state imaging is also feasible with extracellular contrast agents with good image quality yielding additional diagnostic findings in up to 44% and above in patients older than 60 years of age irrespective of gender or patient status. Given the short acquisition time of 4 minutes this sequence could be added to all peripheral MRA exams.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany. melissa.ong@umm.de.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hausotter
authors.forename: Lothar R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pilz
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Henrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Michaely
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply*; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol