title: Assessing the variability of injectate distribution following carpal tunnel injection--a cadaveric study.
abstract: This anatomical study was designed to assess the distribution of a solution (injectate) made up using local anesthetic, steroid and dye into the carpal tunnel using a commonly used injection technique. Dissections were undertaken in 29 embalmed cadaveric wrists. The cadaveric specimens were dissected 24 hours after injection to observe the effect of time on diffusion patterns in both superficial and deep planes. Eighteen of the 29 specimens showed the presence of the injectate in the superficial plane and three preferential patterns of distribution were noted in the deep plane: free in the carpal tunnel, exclusively in the tendon sheath and mixed. This is the first study investigating the delayed diffusion pattern of injectate in the carpal tunnel and illustrates its variability. The findings of variable degree of superficial diffusion and different patterns of intracarpal spread help to offer some explanation regarding the variability of the response following carpal tunnel injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, TORT Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jariwala
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaliunaite
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soames
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wigderowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents