title: Trial and evaluation of assertion training involving nursing students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The concept of assertion and conceptual/practical methods of assertion (assertiveness) training were originally developed in the United States and Europe. These principles were embraced and adapted in Japan in 1970's. However, only a few studies relating to assertion (assertiveness) have been undertaken thus far in Japan, especially so in the domain of nursing students in comparison with other countries. The purpose of this study was to design and implement assertion training with nursing students and to clarify its effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were all volunteers, invited from a class of 3rd year nursing students. Ten students (intervention group) participated in the assertion training comprised of five sessions in February 2006. Fifty-six students (control group) were participated only in the questionnaire. Both groups were asked to complete the same questionnaire twice, before and after the assertion training. The questionnaire measured levels of assertiveness, social skills, self-esteem, social support and satisfaction with university life. The results and variances, both before and after assertion training, between the intervention group and the control group were analyzed. The effectiveness of the assertion training was determined by changes in pre and post training questionnaire scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scores for social skills in the control group had a tendency to decline while the scores for social skills in the intervention group remained constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were no statistically significant results in the intervention group, the present study highlights areas appropriate for further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Care Environment and Mental Health, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanigaki
keywords: assertion; assertiveness; communication; nursing student; self-esteem