title: Meal replacement based on Human Ration modulates metabolic risk factors during body weight loss: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A meal replacement may be an effective strategy in the management of obesity to increase antioxidant intake, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a new nutritional supplement to reduce metabolic risk parameters in obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled crossover study (2 × 2), 22 women (percentage body fat 40.52 ± 3.75%; body mass index-BMI 28.72 ± 2.87 kg/m²; 35.04 ± 5.6 years old) were allocated into two treatments: hypocaloric diet and drink containing "Human Ration" (HR) consumption (CRHR), and hypocaloric diet and control drink consumption (CR). The study consisted of 2 periods of 5 weeks with 1 week of washout in two orders (CR → CRHR and CRHR → CR). Caloric restriction was 15%, based on estimated energy requirement. Anthropometric, clinical and metabolic risk parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of each period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some metabolic risk factors were favorably modulated in both interventions: reduction in body weight (CR -0.74 ± 1.27 kg; p = 0.01; CRHR -0.77 ± 1.3 kg; p = 0.02), body mass index (BMI) (CR -0.27 ± 0.51 kg/m²; p = 0.02; CRHR -0.30 ± 0.52 kg/m²; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (CR -0.35 ± 0.82; p = 0.02, CRHR -0.41 ± 0.83; p = 0.03). However, CRHR reduced waist circumference (-2.54 ± 2.74 cm; p < 0.01) and gynoid fat (-0.264 ± 0.28 g; p < 0.01), and increased HDL-c levels (0.08 ± 0.15 mmol/l; p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associated with hypocaloric diet, the intake of a nutritional supplement rich in phytochemicals as a breakfast substitute for 5 weeks had no additional effect on weight reduction than caloric restriction alone, but increased central lipolysis and improved the lipoprotein profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, University Federal of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil, natalia.galdino13@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natalia Elizabeth Galdino
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Bárbara Nery
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Enes
authors.forename: Hércia Stampini Duarte
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia Gonçalves
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Alfenas
authors.forename: Sônia Machado Rocha
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001628:Beverages; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D062408:Breakfast; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019648:Foods, Specialized; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D064209:Phytochemicals