title: Brain oscillations in neuropsychiatric disease.
abstract: The term "brain (or neural) oscillations" refers to the rhythmic and/or repetitive electrical activity generated spontaneously and in response to stimuli by neural tissue in the central nervous system. The importance of brain oscillations in sensory-cognitive processes has become increasingly evident. It has also become clear that event-related oscillations are modified in many types of neuropathology, in particular in cognitive impairment. This review discusses methods such as evoked/event-related oscillations and spectra, coherence analysis, and phase locking. It gives examples of applications of essential methods and concepts in bipolar disorder that provide a basis for fundamental notions regarding neurophysiologic biomarkers in cognitive impairment. The take-home message is that in the development of diagnostic and pharmacotherapeutic strategies, neurophysiologic data should be analyzed in a framework that uses a multiplicity of methods and frequency bands.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Kultur University, Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Başar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010507:Periodicity
keywords: alpha; beta; bipolar disorder; delta; gamma; oscillation; phase synchrony; schizophrenia; theta