title: Trace metal contents of three tricalcium silicate materials: MTA Angelus, Micro Mega MTA and Bioaggregate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the levels of nine metals [aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and molybdenum (Mo)] in MTA Angelus, Micro Mega MTA and Bioaggregate using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Each material (0.2 g) was digested using a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids and then filtered. The levels of nine metals in the resulting filtrates were measured by ICP-OES. The results were statistically analysed using one-way anova and the Bonferroni test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTA Angelus contained more aluminium, beryllium and chromium than Micro Mega MTA (P < 0.05), whilst their levels of arsenic, cadmium and iron were similar. Antimony, lead and molybdenum were not detected in any of the three tested cements. Bioaggregate contained trace amounts of aluminium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA Angelus and Micro Mega MTA contained small amounts of seven tested metal oxides. Bioaggregate only contained trace amounts of aluminium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.forename: E-C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002138:Calibration; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D008670:Metals; D017640:Silicates; D014131:Trace Elements; C506393:tricalcium silicate
keywords: Bioaggregate; MTA Angelus; Micro Mega MTA; inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; trace metal