title: Effect of midazolam on cardiopulmonary function during colonoscopy with conscious sedation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conscious sedation of patients with midazolam reduces anxiety and pain and improves colonoscopy success rates. However, it may lead to adverse effects such as hypoxia and hypotension. The present study investigated the effects of midazolam on cardiopulmonary function during colonoscopy with conscious sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2011 and September 2011, 126 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy were enrolled and divided into two groups: (i) sedation with midazolam (midazolam group, n=65); and (ii) no sedation (control group, n=61). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2) ), were recorded before, during and after the endoscopic procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the midazolam group, SBP and DBP decreased more during colonoscopy than in the control group. However, the frequency of a significant change in SBP was similar in both groups. During colonoscopy, HR and SpO(2) decreased significantly in the midazolam group compared to those in the control group. SpO(2) levels returned to normal after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midazolam induced decreases in SBP, DBP, HR and SpO(2) during colonoscopy. Clinically significant changes in SBP, HR, and SpO(2) , however, were similar in the midazolam and control groups. These results suggest that midazolam has a tolerable effect on cardiopulmonary function and may be safely used during colonoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kook Lae
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sae Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Jaekyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seong-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Byeong Gwan
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chan-Kuk
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D061214:Patient Safety; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam
keywords: cardiopulmonary function; colonoscopy; midazolam