title: [Research on the mechanism and regulation of overtraining-related the function of neutrophils by the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase and glutamine supplementation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the method and mechanism for exercise-related immunosuppression via the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase diphenyleneiodonium(DPI) and glutamine supplementation and on the function of neutrophils after overtraining.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: a negative control group (C), an overtraining group (E), an overtraining + DPI intervention group (D), an overtraining+ glutamine supplementation group(G) and combined glutamine + DPI intervention group(DG). After 36 - 40 h from the last training, eight rats were randomly selected from each group, and blood was sampled from the orbital vein. ELISAs were used to measure serum cytokine levels and lipid peroxidation in blood plasma. Flow cytometry was used to measure neutrophil respiratory burst and phagocytosis. The activity of NADPH oxidase was assessed by chemiluminescence and the gene expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) of the NADPH-oxidase subunit was checked by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with group C, the plasma concentrations of NO increased in group G, and the NO, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) concentrations in group DG increased significantly. The respiratory burst and phagocytosis function of neutrophils were decreased in group E, but in group DG were increased when compared with those of group E. After overtraining the expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) was up regulated in group E. There were no significant changes in other groups except group DG, in which the expression of gp91(phox) was down regulated. Compared with group E, the expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) was up regulated in group D, group G and group DG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of NADPH oxidase is responsible for the production of superoxide anions, which may be related to the decrease in neutrophil function after over training and is the mechanism of exercise-related immunosuppression. The DPI treatment combined glutamine supplementation can reverse the decrease neutrophils function after overtraining in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Pei-Jie
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009861:Onium Compounds; D005973:Glutamine; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; C500593:Cybb protein, rat; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1