title: Penetrance of functioning and nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in the second decade of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data are scarce on the penetrance of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-related nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PETs) and insulinomas in young MEN1 patients. A potential positive correlation between tumor size and malignancy (2-3 cm, 18%; >3 cm, 43%) has greatly influenced the management of MEN1 adults with NF-PETs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to estimate the penetrance of NF-PETs, insulinomas, and gastrinomas in young MEN1 carriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were obtained from a screening program (1996-2012) involving 113 MEN1 patients in a tertiary academic reference center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen MEN1 patients (aged 12-20 y; 16 patients aged 15-20 y and 3 patients aged 12-14 y) were screened for NF-PETs, insulinomas, and gastrinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) were performed on 10 MEN1 carriers, magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography was performed on five patients, and four other patients underwent an EUS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall penetrance of PETs during the second decade of life was 42% (8 of 19). All eight PET patients had NF-PETs, and half of those tumors were multicentric. One-fifth of the screened patients (21%; 4 of 19) harbored at least one large tumor (>2.0 cm). Insulinoma was detected in two NF-PET patients (11%) at the initial screening; gastrinoma was not present in any cases. Six of the 11 (54%) screened patients aged 15-20 years who underwent an EUS had NF-PETs. Potential false-positive EUS results were excluded based on EUS-guided biopsy results, the reproducibility of the NF-PET findings, or the observation of increased tumor size during follow-up. Distal pancreatectomy and the nodule enucleation of pancreatic head tumors were conducted on three patients with large tumors (>2.0 cm; T2N0M0) that were classified as grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors (Ki-67<2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated high penetrance of NF-PETs in 15- to 20-year-old MEN1 patients. The high percentage of the patients presenting consensus criteria for surgery for NF-PET alone or NF-PET/insulinoma suggests a potential benefit for the periodic surveillance of these tumors in this age group.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Genetics Unit (LIM-25) (T.D.G., R.A.T., T.S., S.P.A.T., D.M.L.), Endocrinology Division (T.D.G., R.A.T., T.S., A.G., M.D.B., M.A.A.P., S.P.A.T., D.M.L.), Endoscopy Division (S.E.M., F.M.F.), Radiology Division (M.S.R.), Pathology Division (S.A.C.S.), and Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Division (T.B., M.C.C.M.), Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; and Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Division (T.B., R.J.), and Endocrine Oncology Division, Cancer Institute of São Paulo (D.M.L.), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: Sergio E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Matuguma
authors.forename: Fauze
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maluf Filho
authors.forename: Manoel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Sheila A C
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glezer
authors.forename: Marcelo D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bronstein
authors.forename: Maria A A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jureidini
authors.forename: Telesforo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bacchella
authors.forename: Marcel C C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Sergio P A
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Delmar M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lourenço
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019683:Penetrance; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C105373:MEN1 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins