title: Muscoloskeletal disorders and occupational stress of violinists.
abstract: Although musculoskeletal disorders are the most frequent cause of occupational diseases in musicians, very few studies have focused attention on a single category of instruments, in particular on the violin. This involves, in its practice, almost all the areas of the body, besides being in the category of strings which is the most numerous in an orchestra. A specific protocol, investigating postural and clinical profiles of the musculoskeletal apparatus as well as job stress, was utilized in a conservatory on graduates in the tenth year of violin study, who regularly participated in activities of orchestras or string quartets. The investigation revealed target segments of osteoarticular apparatus (jaw, vertebral spine, shoulders, elbows, hands and fingers, lower limbs) electively subjected to overuse, as well as muscle contracture of trapezoids and hyperkeratosis of fingers and clavicle. Although the work environment was comfortable, most violinists claimed to undergo intense rhythms and competitiveness. This study, highlighting subclinical occupational diseases in young musicians (violinists) suggests adequate prevention measures.
authors.affiliation: INAIL, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iannelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forcella
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Narciso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faraso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonifaci
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sannolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009146:Music; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*