title: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a case series of the first 100 patients--constitutional introduction and implementation on the basis of comprehensive department of minimal invasive surgery center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although a very small number of Japanese hospitals had been performing robotic surgery before 2011, the number now using it is increasing rapidly due to the application of health insurance to robotic surgery for prostate cancer (PCa) since April, 2012. We report our initial experience of treating 100 patients by robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with a focus on constitutional introduction and implementation based on minimal invasive surgery center (MISC) and patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MISC involved all of the hospital sections related to robotic surgery including four surgery departments, anesthesiology, operating room nurses, medical engineers. The data were prospectively collected from the first 100 consecutive patients who underwent RARP under supervision of MISC for localized PCa from October 2010 to December 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the period of our initial 100 cases of RARP, the gynecology, respiratory and digestive surgery departments performed initial cases of 20, 33 and 23 robotic surgeries under control of MISC. Peri-operative complications in RARP appeared to be minimal with no cases of intra-operative open conversion. The positive surgical margin rate was 19% for the entire series. At the median follow-up time of 11.9 months, 91% of patients had undetectable PSA levels, and 76% of patients were not using pads. Sequential urinary functional data indicated a significant beneficial effect on lower urinary tract symptoms beyond cancer control over a period of several months. Although the pre-operative potent patient number was small, the transitions of constant potency recovery at precise time points were shown according to different nerve sparing procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of an initial 100 RARP cases that were implemented using the constitutional framework of an academic institution. The MISC is providing immeasurable benefits from the aspects of patient safety and education for the robotic surgical team. RARP is a safe and efficient method for achieving PCa control together with functional preservation, even during the initial trial for this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan. sejimat@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sejima
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masago
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morizane
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hikita
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Kuniyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome