title: A wearable sensor system for monitoring cigarette smoking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Available methods of smoking assessment (e.g., self-report, portable puff-topography instruments) do not permit the collection of accurate measures of smoking behavior while minimizing reactivity to the assessment procedure. This article suggests a new method for monitoring cigarette smoking based on a wearable sensor system (Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker [PACT]) that is completely transparent to the end user and does not require any conscious effort to achieve reliable monitoring of smoking in free-living individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed sensor system consists of a respiratory inductance plethysmograph for monitoring of breathing and a hand gesture sensor for detecting a cigarette at the mouth. The wearable sensor system was tested in a laboratory study of 20 individuals who performed 12 different activities including cigarette smoking. Signal processing was applied to evaluate the uniqueness of breathing patterns and their correlation with hand gestures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate that smoking manifests unique breathing patterns that are highly correlated with hand-to-mouth cigarette gestures and suggest that these signals can potentially be used to identify and characterize individual smoke inhalations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the future development of signal processing and pattern-recognition methods, PACT can be used to automatically assess the frequency of smoking and inhalation patterns (such as depth of inhalation and smoke holding) throughout the day and provide an objective method of assessing the effectiveness of behavioral and pharmacological smoking interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sazonov
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez-Meyer
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiffany
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012119:Respiration; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult