title: Extraction of three bioactive diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata: effect of the extraction techniques on extract composition and quantification of three andrographolides using high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) wall.ex Nees (Acanthaceae) or Kalmegh is an important medicinal plant finding uses in many Ayurvedic formulations. Diterpenoid compounds andrographolides (APs) are the main bioactive phytochemicals present in leaves and herbage of A. paniculata. The efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide was compared with the solid-liquid extraction techniques such as solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction and microwave-assisted solvent extraction with methanol, water and methanol-water as solvents. Also a rapid and validated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the three biologically active compounds, AP, neoandrographolide and andrograpanin, in the extracts of A. paniculata. Under the best SFE conditions tested for diterpenoids, which involved extraction at 60°C and 100 bar, the extractive efficiencies were 132 and 22 µg/g for AP and neoandrographolide, respectively. The modifier percentage significantly affected the extraction efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Boriavi, Anand 387 310, Gujarat, India satyanshu66@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Satyanshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Boriavi, Anand 387 310, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dhanani
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Boriavi, Anand 387 310, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D035685:Andrographis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000379:methods; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008872:Microwaves; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; C030419:andrographolide; C530537:andrograpanin; C082497:neoandrographolide; D000432:Methanol