title: Optimization of extraction and purification of arctiin from Fructus arctii and its protection against glucose-induced rat aortic endothelial cell injury.
abstract: To develop an efficient method for extracting and purifying the active ingredient, arctiin, from Fructus arctii and to investigate the protective effect of arctiin against glucose-induced rat aortic endothelial cell (RAEC) injury was investigated. Using a L9 (34) orthogonal array and two-step column chromatography (with AB-8 macroporous resin) arctiin extraction was optimized using a reflux method with 70% ethanol. The RAECs were then treated with different concentrations of arctiin (1, 10, or 100 μg/ml). The effects of arctiin on cell viability in a high glucose medium, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured using commercially available assays. After extraction, the purity of arctiin reached 95.7%. In rats, arctiin was shown to stimulate the proliferation of RAECs in a high glucose medium in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of RAECs to high glucose resulted in a significant increase in MDA and release of lactate dehydrogenase. This was accompanied by significant increase in nitric oxide release and expression of antiendothelial nitric oxide synthase. This technique resulted in relatively pure arctiin extraction. Furthermore, the results from this study suggest that arctiin could potentially function as a protector against vascular endothelial cell injury and further investigation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Respiratory Institute for Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lai-chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming-bao
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Shi-wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Gui-sheng
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D031170:Arctium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005663:Furans / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005663:Furans; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D005947:Glucose; C077992:arctiin