title: Exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in adults with moderately elevated systolic blood pressure: role of purinergic receptors.
abstract: The neurocirculatory responses to exercise are exaggerated in hypertension, increasing cardiovascular risk, yet the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effectiveness of pyridoxal-5-phosphate as a purinergic (P2) receptor antagonist in isolated murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and the in vivo contribution of P2 receptors to the neurocirculatory responses to exercise in older adults with moderately elevated systolic blood pressure (BP). In vitro, pyridoxal-5-phosphate attenuated the ATP-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i) (73 ± 15 vs. 11 ± 3 nM; P < 0.05). In vivo, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; peroneal microneurography) and arterial BP (Finometer) were assessed during exercise pressor reflex activation (static handgrip followed by postexercise ischemia; PEI) during a control trial (normal saline) and localized P2 receptor blockade (pyridoxal-5-phosphate). Compared with normotensive adults (63 ± 2 yr, 117 ± 2/70 ± 2 mmHg), adults with moderately elevated systolic BP (65 ± 1 yr, 138 ± 5/79 ± 3 mmHg) demonstrated greater increases in MSNA and BP during handgrip and PEI. Compared with the control trial, local antagonism of P2 receptors during PEI partially attenuated MSNA (39 ± 4 vs. 34 ± 5 bursts/min; P < 0.05) in adults with moderately elevated systolic BP. In conclusion, these data demonstrate pyridoxal-5-phosphate is an effective P2 receptor antagonist in isolated DRG neurons, which are of particular relevance to the exercise pressor reflex. Furthermore, these findings indicate that exercise pressor reflex function is exaggerated in older adults with moderately elevated systolic BP and further suggest a modest role of purinergic receptors in evoking the abnormally large reflex-mediated increases in sympathetic activity during exercise in this clinical population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and.
authors.forename: Jody L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Greaney
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Boggs
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Randall L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Farquhar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012018:Reflex; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: calcium imaging; dorsal root ganglia; hypertension; metaboreflex; muscle sympathetic nerve activity