title: Expert review: an update in current and developing intravesical therapies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and recurrences, after initial therapy, are common. Consequently, the healthcare costs for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are high. Despite a primary adequate response to adjuvant intravesical treatment, many patients suffer from recurrences, and some even from progression. To date, cystectomy remains the only option for those non-responding patients with high risk of recurrence and progression. Mainly because outcome after progression, in this group, is poor. Therefore, new intravesical therapies are needed. Moreover, new accurate and individual parameters, to distinguish responder from non-responders, will provide additional benefit in clinical decision-making. In this review, current diagnostics and therapies will be discussed. In addition, we will elucidate developing therapies in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: van Lingen
authors.forename: Tom J H
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: J Alfred
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents