title: Effects of three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria and their extracellular products on the immune response and disease resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio.
abstract: The study isolated three strains of intestinal autochthonous bacteria Aeromonas veronii BA-1, Vibrio lentus BA-2, and Flavobacterium sasangense BA-3 from the intestinal tract of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). To reveal the effects of these three strains of bacteria on the innate immunity of carp, the lysozyme, complement C3, total serum protein, albumin and globulin levels, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity by blood leucocytes and the expression of IL-1b, lysozyme-C, and TNF-α were examined after feeding with seven different diets for up to 28 days. Also the survival of carp against Aeromonas hydrophila was challenged for 14 days. The carp were fed seven different diets: one control, three diets supplemented with 1 × 10(8) cell g(-1) of carp intestinal bacteria BA-1 (Group D-I), BA-2 (Group D-II) and BA-3 (Group D-III), and three diets supplemented with extracellular products FA-1 (Group E-I), FA-2 (Group E-II) and FA-3 (Group E-III) which were corresponding to the strains BA-1, BA-2, and BA-3, respectively, up to 28 days. For groups D-I, D-III, E-I and E-III, the innate immune parameters of carp were significantly increased, the expression of three immune-related genes in blood was significantly up-regulated examined during 7, 14, and 21 days of feeding, and the survival rate was improved. The study indicates that the two isolated intestinal autochthonous bacteria A. veronii BA-1 and F. sasangense BA-3 could positively influence immune response and enhance disease resistance of carp against A. hydrophila infection.
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Qiang
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100000, China. Electronic address: xialei666@126.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: wanggaoxue@126.com.
authors.forename: Gao-Xue
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002347:Carps; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota / Q000276:immunology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D003176:Complement C3; D012313:RNA; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Cyprinus carpio; Disease resistance; Innate immunity; Intestinal autochthonous bacteria