title: A novel method for speciation of Pt in human serum incubated with cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin by conjoint liquid chromatography on monolithic disks with UV and ICP-MS detection.
abstract: Conjoint liquid chromatography (CLC) on monolithic convective interaction media (CIM) disks coupled on-line to UV and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detectors was used for the first time in speciation analysis of Pt in human serum spiked with Pt-based chemotherapeutics. CIM Protein G and CIM DEAE disks were assembled together in a single housing forming a CLC monolithic column. Such a set-up allows rapid two-dimensional separation by affinity and ion-exchange (IE) modes to be carried out in a single chromatographic run. By applying isocratic elution with Tris-HCl-NaHCO3 buffer (pH 7.4) in the first minute, followed by gradient elution with 1 mol L(-1) NH4Cl (pH 7.4) in the next 9 min, immunoglobulins (IgG) were retained by the Protein G disk enabling subsequent separation of unbound Pt from Pt bound to transferrin (Tf) and albumin (HSA) on the CIM DEAE disk. Further elution with acetic acid (AcOH) in the next 3 min allowed separation of Pt associated with IgG. Separated Pt species were quantified by post-column isotope dilution-ICP-MS. Pt recovery on the CLC column was close to 100%. In comparison to commonly applied procedures that involve separation of protein peaks by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) followed by IE separation of metal-based chemotherapeutic fractions bound to serum proteins, the CLC method developed is much faster and simpler. Its sensitivity (LOQs adequate for quantification of all separated Pt species, lower than 2.4 ng Pt mL(-1)), good selectivity and method repeatability (RSD±3%) enabled investigation of the kinetics of interaction of Pt-based chemotherapeutics with serum proteins and the distribution of Pt species in spiked human serum. Pt species present in spiked serum were bound preferentially to HSA. The proportion of Pt associated with IgG and Tf was lower than 13%. Cisplatin and especially oxaliplatin react rapidly with serum proteins, while carboplatin much less. The method developed may be reliably applied in preclinical and clinical studies of the kinetics of the interaction and distribution of different metallodrugs with proteins in blood serum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Anže
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinčič
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cemazar
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sersa
authors.forename: Viljem
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovač
authors.forename: Radmila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Milačič
authors.forename: Janez
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ščančar
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D002021:Buffers; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D010984:Platinum / Q000097:blood*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D014168:Transferrin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002021:Buffers; C034284:IgG Fc-binding protein, Streptococcus; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014168:Transferrin; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D010984:Platinum; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Conjoint liquid chromatography; Human serum; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Monolithic disks; Pt-based chemotherapeutics