title: Feasibility of force platform based roadside drowsiness screening - a pilot study.
abstract: Previous research on driver drowsiness detection has focused on developing in-car systems that continuously monitor the driver while driving and warn him/her when drowsiness compromises safety. In occupational settings a simple test of postural control has showed sensitivity to work shift induced fatigue in drivers. Whether the test is feasible for surveillance purposes in roadside settings is unknown. The present research sought to evaluate the feasibility of using a force platform test of postural control as a breathalyzer-like drowsiness-test at the roadside. Seventy-one commercial drivers stopped by at our measurement sites and volunteered to participate in the study. We tested postural control with a computerized force platform, on which the drivers stood eyes open while it sampled body center-of-pressure excursions at 33Hz for 30s and scored postural control as the area of the 95% confidence ellipse enclosing the excursions. The drivers also completed the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and we recorded each driver's wake up time, time on task, and time of testing. Five of the seventy-one drivers exhibited significantly poorer postural control than their peers (P=0.03). The wake up times and times on task for these five drivers indicated that they were on a night shift schedule or had a long time on task. Furthermore, their postural control and KSS scores correlated (r=-0.88, P=0.04), whereas the scores did not correlate for their peers (r=0.10, P=0.48). These results indicate that the force platform test identified drivers, whose impairment in postural control was drowsiness-related. Specifically, the test identified the few drivers in this roadside sample whose wake- and work histories resembled a night shift schedule. In this kind of roadside setting, with a demographically heterogeneous group and interindividual differences in people's responses to drowsiness, it suggests that the method, further developed, may provide a drowsiness test for roadside surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: pia.forsman@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forsman
authors.forename: Ilmari
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pyykkö
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toppila
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hæggström
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Accident prevention; Driver impairment; Postural stability; Safety risk; Shift work; Sleepiness; Sleepy driving