title: Neutralization of cobra venom by cocktail antiserum against venom proteins of cobra (Naja naja naja).
abstract: Naja naja venom was characterized by its immunochemical properties and electrophoretic pattern which revealed eight protein bands (14 kDa, 24 kDa, 29 kDa, 45 kDa, 48 kDa, 65 kDa, 72 kDa and 99 kDa) by SDS-PAGE in reducing condition after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The results showed that Naja venom presented high lethal activity. Whole venom antiserum or individual venom protein antiserum (14 kDa, 29 kDa, 65 kDa, 72 kDa and 99 kDa) of venom could recognize N. naja venom by Western blotting and ELISA, and N. naja venom presented antibody titer when assayed by ELISA. The neutralization tests showed that the polyvalent antiserum neutralized lethal activities by both in vivo and in vitro studies using mice and Vero cells. The antiserum could neutralize the lethal activities in in-vivo and antivenom administered after injection of cobra venom through intraperitoneal route in mice. The cocktail antiserum also could neutralize the cytotoxic activities in Vero cell line by MTT and Neutral red assays. The results of the present study suggest that cocktail antiserum neutralizes the lethal activities in both in vitro and in vivo models using the antiserum against cobra venom and its individual venom proteins serum produced in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarathi
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Cheiyar, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balasubramanaiyan
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vimal
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sundar Raj
authors.affiliation: Raja Muthaih Medical College, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammed Yusuf Bilal
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazeer Basha
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farook
authors.affiliation: Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: cah_sahul@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sahul Hameed
authors.affiliation: King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sridevi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000276:immunology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007106:Immune Sera; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011817:Rabbits; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D004546:Elapid Venoms; D007106:Immune Sera
keywords: Cobra; Cocktail antiserum; ELISA; MTT; Naja naja; Neutral red