title: The eNOS 894G/T gene polymorphism and its influence on early and long-term mortality after on-pump cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The eNOS 894G/T polymorphism (GG, GT, and TT) is associated with cardiovascular mortality and may influence cardiovascular diseases as a genetic risk factor. Moreover, this polymorphism has an impact on intraoperative hemodynamics during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this study, we analyzed the influence of this gene polymorphism on early clinical outcome in patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB. Also, we performed a 5-year follow-up, assessing the impact of this polymorphism on long-term mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  500 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB between 2006 and 2007 were included in this prospective single centre study. Genotyping for the eNOS gene polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotype distribution of 894G/T was: GG 50.2%; GT 42.2%; TT 7.8%. Cardiovascular risk factors were equally distributed between the different genotypes of the eNOS 894G/T polymorphism. No significant difference among the groups was shown regarding Euroscore, SAPS II and APACHE II. Perioperative characteristics were also not affected by the genotypes, except for the consumption of norepinephrine (p = 0.03) and amiodarone (p = 0.01) which was higher in the GT allele carrier. The early postoperative course was quite uniform across the genotypes, except for mean intensive care unit length of stay which was significantly prolonged in GT carriers (p = 0.001). The five-year follow-up was 100% complete and showed no significant differences regarding mortality between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the eNOS 894G /T polymorphism is not associated with early and late clinical outcome after cardiac surgery. Thus, this polymorphism can actually not help to identify high risk groups in the heterogeneous population of individuals who undergo cardiac surgery with CPB.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schöndorf
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bireta
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lipke
authors.forename: Onnen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moerer
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Christoph Herman
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.forename: Ashham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schotola
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabashnikov
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quintel
authors.forename: Friedrich Albert
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Schoendube
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany. Popov@med.uni-goettingen.de.
authors.forename: Aron Frederik
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Popov
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III