title: [Consensus Statement by GeSIDA/National AIDS Plan Secretariat on antiretroviral treatment in adults infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (Updated January 2013)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This consensus document is an update of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) guidelines for HIV-1 infected adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  To formulate these recommendations a panel composed of members of the GeSIDA/National AIDS Plan Secretariat (Grupo de Estudio de Sida and the Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida) reviewed the efficacy and safety advances in clinical trials, cohort and pharmacokinetic studies published in medical journals (PubMed and Embase) or presented in medical scientific meetings. The strength of the recommendations and the evidence which support them are based on a modification of the criteria of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cART is recommended in patients with symptoms of HIV infection, in pregnant women, in serodiscordant couples with high risk of transmission, in hepatitisB co-infection requiring treatment, and in HIV nephropathy. cART is recommended in asymptomatic patients if CD4 is <500cells/μl. If CD4 are >500cells/μl cART should be considered in the case of chronic hepatitisC, cirrhosis, high cardiovascular risk, plasma viral load >100.000 copies/ml, proportion of CD4 cells <14%, neurocognitive deficits, and in people aged >55years. The objective of cART is to achieve an undetectable viral load. The first cART should include 2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) nucleoside analogs and a third drug (a non-analog RTI, a ritonavir boosted protease inhibitor, or an integrase inhibitor). The panel has consensually selected some drug combinations, for the first cART and specific criteria for cART in acute HIV infection, in tuberculosis and other HIV related opportunistic infections, for the women and in pregnancy, in hepatitisB or C co-infection, in HIV-2 infection, and in post-exposure prophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These new guidelines update previous recommendations related to first cART (when to begin and what drugs should be used), how to monitor, and what to do in case of viral failure or adverse drug reactions. cART specific criteria in comorbid patients and special situations are similarly updated.
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: AIDS; Adverse reactions; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiretroviral treatment; Fármacos antirretrovirales; GeSIDA; Guideline; Guía; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana; Reacciones adversas; Recomendaciones; Recommendations; Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida; Sida; Spanish Government AIDS Plan (SPNS); Tratamiento antirretroviral