title: Quality of water obtained by tapping shallow seepages in the Almota Hills, India.
abstract: We studied the quality of water obtained using a new method of tapping underground water seepages by digging shallow water collection chambers in the Almora Hills of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India; quality of this water was compared with that of water obtained using traditional water sources in this region, namely naulas (surface seepages) and springs.Water from both the new and the traditional water sources had an excess of chromium and, in some samples, of iron and lead. Microbiological analysis showed that water from new water sources was safer than that obtained from tradional sources; however, only 40% of the shallow seepages provided water conforming to WHO standards on water quality.We conclude that tapping of underground water seepages may be a useful method of providing potable water to populations living in the hills. However, further improvement is necessary in the maintenance of the clean catchment area and in disposal of waste water from these water sources to ensure water quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 226 014, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Semwal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Seth