title: FTIR and Raman studies of structure and bonding in mineral and organic-mineral composites.
abstract: Spectroscopy techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman, offer methodologies that overlap and expand X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and help gain new insight into mechanisms of biomineralization. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques measure the molecular environment of asymmetrically and symmetrically vibrating bonds, respectively. As such, these techniques have widely been used to gain information on mineral content, phase, and orientation as well as chemical composition of associated organic matrices like collagen, chitin, or lipids. The traditional coupling of optical microscopes to the newer generation FTIR and Raman spectrometers has enabled these analyses to be performed on samples with 0.1-20 μm spatial resolution. Herein, we briefly discuss the basis and protocol for effective measurements using vibrational spectroscopy by taking two systems from our own research as examples.
authors.affiliation: Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA. Electronic address: jtao@lbl.gov.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D007259:Infrared Rays; D044367:Phase Transition; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: FTIR; Raman; amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC); amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP); biomineralization; calcium biominerals; crustacean; phase transformation