title: Office-based sperm retrieval for treatment of infertility.
abstract: This article describes sperm retrieval procedures that may be performed in an office setting. Indications for sperm retrieval, preprocedural preparation, and anesthetic considerations are discussed. Vasal sperm aspiration, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration, microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration, testicular sperm aspiration, conventional, and microdissection testicular sperm extraction are reviewed. Success and complication rates as well as factors that may influence success (histopathology, cancerous cause, Klinefelter syndrome, Y microdeletions, varicocele, and hormone administration) are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Q10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Kiranpreet K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Edmund S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sabanegh
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D053625:Sperm Retrieval
keywords: Epididymal sperm aspiration; Microdissection; Office-based; Testicular sperm aspiration; Testicular sperm extraction