title: Clinicopathological and molecular histochemical review of skull base metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: Skull base metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma including follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a rare clinical entity. Eighteen FTC cases and 10 PTC cases showing skull base metastasis have been reported. The most common symptom of skull base metastasis from FTC and PTC is cranial nerve dysfunction. Bone destruction and local invasion to the surrounding soft tissues are common on radiological imaging. Skull base metastases can be the initial clinical presentation of FTC and PTC in the presence of silent primary sites. The possibility of skull base metastasis from FTC and PTC should be considered in patients with the clinical symptoms of cranial nerve dysfunction and radiological findings of bone destruction. A variety of genetic alterations in thyroid tumors have been identified to have a fundamental role in their tumorigenesis. Molecular histochemical studies are useful for elucidating the histopathological features of thyroid carcinoma. Recent molecular findings may provide novel molecular-based treatment strategies for thyroid carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara City, Chiba 299-0111, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Mineko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoya
authors.forename: Shoko M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishido
authors.forename: Fuyuaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirohata
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okinaga
authors.forename: Yudo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: R Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Osamura
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
keywords: follicular thyroid carcinoma; iodine-131 brachytherapy; papillary thyroid carcinoma; skull base metastasis; thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression