title: The interpersonal shame inventory for Asian Americans: scale development and psychometric properties.
abstract: This article reports the development and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Shame Inventory (ISI), a culturally salient and clinically relevant measure of interpersonal shame for Asian Americans. Across 4 studies involving Asian American college students, the authors provided evidence for this new measure's validity and reliability. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a model with 2 correlated factors: external shame (arising from concerns about others' negative evaluations) and family shame (arising from perceptions that one has brought shame to one's family), corresponding to 2 subscales: ISI-E and ISI-F, respectively. Evidence for criterion-related, concurrent, discriminant, and incremental validity was demonstrated by testing the associations between external shame and family shame and immigration/international status, generic state shame, face concerns, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation. External shame and family shame also exhibited differential relations with other variables. Mediation findings were consistent with a model in which family shame mediated the effects of thwarted belongingness on suicide ideation. Further, the ISI subscales demonstrated high alpha coefficients and test-retest reliability. These findings are discussed in light of the conceptual, methodological, and clinical contributions of the ISI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana University Bloomington.
authors.forename: Y Joel
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Kim, Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo.
authors.forename: Bryan S K
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Indiana University Bloomington.
authors.forename: Chi P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California.
authors.forename: Janice Ka Yan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of California.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012752:Shame; D012945:Social Values; D012951:Socialization; D055815:Young Adult