title: Non-therapeutic male circumcision performed on immigrant children from Africa in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the frequency, characteristics, and complications of non-therapeutic male circumcision on immigrant children from Africa in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  This descriptive study focused on primary care consultations conducted at 21 Aragon health centres during 2010 and 2011. The data were gathered through interviewer-administered questionnaires to the parents of African children. Sociodemographic variables were studied, along with others related to the practice of circumcision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  283 questionnaires were obtained. 98.93 % of the children had undergone or were planning to undergo circumcision. 68.2 % were circumcised. Circumcisions were most frequently performed during a vacation to the country of origin (67.04 %), especially so for the Maghreb population. The remaining circumcisions had been performed in Spain. Half of the circumcisions practiced in Spain were performed at home, and 84 % of these were performed on Gambian children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrates that, in Aragon, Spain, almost all immigrant children from Africa have been or will be circumcised and that a considerable proportion has been circumcised at home by unqualified individuals. Gambians are particularly at risk of performing unsafe circumcision.
authors.affiliation: Fuentes de Ebro Health Centre (Centro de Salud Fuentes de Ebro), Aragon Health Service (Servicio Aragonés de la Salud), Paseo de la Justicia, 69 Fuentes de Ebro, Saragossa, Spain, rmacipe@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Macipe-Costa
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Sanchez
authors.forename: Luis Andrés
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gimeno-Feliu
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Navarra-Vicente
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Hereza
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moneo-Hernández
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castillo-Laita
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lobera-Navaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires