title: Physical education and blood lipid concentrations in children: the LOOK randomized cluster trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated blood lipids during childhood are predictive of dyslipidemia in adults. Although obese and inactive children have elevated values, any potentially protective role of elementary school physical education is unknown. Our objective was to determine the effect of a modern elementary school physical education (PE) program on the blood lipid concentrations in community-based children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, 708 healthy children (8.1±0.3 years, 367 boys) in 29 schools were allocated to either a 4-year intervention program of specialist-taught PE (13 schools) or to a control group of the currently practiced PE conducted by generalist classroom teachers. Fasting blood lipids were measured at ages 8, 10, and 12 years and intervention and control class activities were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention classes included more fitness work and more moderate and vigorous physical activity than control classes (both p<0.001). With no group differences at baseline, the percentage of 12 year-old boys and girls with elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, >3.36mmol.L(-1),130 mg/dL) was lower in the intervention than control group (14% vs. 23%, p = 0.02). There was also an intervention effect on mean LDL-C across all boys (reduction of 9.6% for intervention v 2.8% control, p = 0.02), but not girls (p = 0.2). The intervention effect on total cholesterol mirrored LDL-C, but there were no detectable 4-year intervention effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PE program delivered by specialist teachers over four years in elementary school reduced the incidence of elevated LDL-C in boys and girls, and provides a means by which early preventative practices can be offered to all children.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ANZRN12612000027819 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=347799.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Sports Studies, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia ; Clinical Trials Unit, Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: Ross B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.forename: Rohan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Telford
authors.forename: Lisa S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Olive
authors.forename: Walter P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Abhayaratna
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010809:Physical Fitness; D062486:Public Health Surveillance
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids