title: Further evaluation of Somah: long-term preservation, temperature effect, and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hearts harvested after cardiocirculatory death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and evaluate the ideal temperature for long-term storage of hearts from donation after cardiocirculatory death, in the novel organ preservation solution Somah.
  
  
  METHODS
  DCD hearts from Sprague-Dawley rats were harvested after 30 minutes of euthanasia, preserved in Somah at 4°C, 10°C, 21°C, or 37°C for 24 hours and then reperfused with blood:Somah (3:1) perfusate at 37°C for 30 minutes. Myocardial biopsies were taken during storage and before and after reperfusion to assess the structural and functional viability of tissue using multiphoton imaging, biochemistry, and immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocyte viability, determined by Live-Dead and esterase assays, was similar at 4°C, 10°C, and 21°C (193, 198 and 217 normalized fluorescence counts [NFC]) with a significant decrease at 37°C (131 NFC). Upon reperfusion, esterase activity was enhanced in DCD hearts stored in Somah at 21°C but noticeably decreased at all other temperatures. High-energy adenosine triphosphate/creatine phosphate (ATP/CP) syntheses and the expression of structural/contractile proteins was well preserved at 21°C, both after 24-hour storage and upon reperfusion. In contrast, hearts stored at all other temperatures demonstrated variable degenerative changes, loss of protein expression, and/or deranged ATP/CP synthesis after 24 hours of storage and/or upon reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The robust maintenance of structural/functional integrity of cardiac tissue and the preservation of protein expression and cellular energy metabolism in DCD hearts after long-term preservation at subnormothermic temperature suggests that 21°C is ideal for long-term storage of DCD hearts in Somah solution.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lowalekar
authors.forename: X G
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Thatte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002102:Cadaver; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D009926:Organ Preservation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013696:Temperature; D014019:Tissue Donors