title: Radiographic and endosonographic staging in esophageal cancer.
abstract: Radiographic imaging using computed tomographic (CT) scan and positron emission tomography/CT are primarily helpful in identifying distant metastases. In general, if patients have evidence of lymph node involvement that is proved pathologically by endoscopic ultrasound/fine needle aspiration, this information is considered definitive, and the patient can be referred for the appropriate stage-specific therapy. Laparoscopy combined with laparoscopic ultrasound and peritoneal lavage has been shown to have sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 92% for lymph node disease. Thoracoscopy may help identify involved lymph node in the mediastinum before resection and help determine the field of radiation.
authors.affiliation: Meridian Cancer Care, 1945 Route 33-Ackerman South, Room 553, Neptune, NJ 07753, USA; Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. Electronic address: MKrasna@meridianhealth.com.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krasna
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D019160:Endosonography; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Esophageal cancer; Esophageal ultrasound; Imaging; Radiographic staging; Staging