title: Local levels of inflammatory mediators in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of a wide panel of cyto/chemokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects as compared with non-diabetic subjects with periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects (glycated haemoglobin levels >7.5%) and 20 non-diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. The levels of 14 cyto/chemokines were measured in the GCF of healthy and diseased sites of the diabetic and non-diabetic subjects using multiplex bead immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-12 were higher in healthy and diseased sites of diabetic than non-diabetic subjects, after adjustment for multiple comparisons (p < 0.0035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus modulated the local levels of several cyto/chemokines at both healthy and diseased periodontal sites in favour of a proinflammatory profile, which may partially explain the greater susceptibility of diabetic subjects to periodontal breakdown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Poliana M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Joyce P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.forename: Tamires S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chambrone
authors.forename: Luciana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shaddox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000032:analysis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000032:analysis; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018925:Chemokines; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016207:Cytokines; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human
keywords: chemokines; chronic periodontitis; cytokines; diabetes mellitus; inflammation