title: Evaluation of the interaction between sodium hypochlorite and several formulations containing chlorhexidine and its effect on the radicular dentin--SEM and push-out bond strength analysis.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the presence of debris and smear layer after endodontic irrigation with different formulations of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and its effects on the push-out bond strength of an epoxy-based sealer on the radicular dentin. One hundred extracted human canines were prepared to F5 instrument and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Fifty teeth were divided into five groups (n = 10), according to the final irrigation protocol with different 2% CHX formulations: G1 (control, no final rinse irrigation), G2 (CHX solution), G3 (CHX gel), G4 (Concepsis), and G5 (CHX Plus). In sequence, the specimens were submitted to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, in the cervical-medium and medium-apical segments, to evaluate the presence of debris and smear layer. The other 50 teeth were treated equally to a SEM study, but with the root canals filled with an epoxy-based endodontic sealer and submitted to a push-out bond strength test, in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. G2, G3, G4, and G5 provided higher precipitation of the debris and smear layer than G1 (P < 0.05), but these groups were similar to each other (P > 0.05), in both segments. The values obtained in the push out test did not differ between groups, independent of the radicular third (P > 0.05). The CHXs formulations caused precipitation of the debris and smear layer on the radicular dentin, but these residues did not interfere in the push-out bond strength of the epoxy-based sealer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara - São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graziele Magro
authors.forename: Milton Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.forename: Keli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Regina Victorino
authors.forename: Fernando Antonio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Garcia
authors.forename: Arturo Javier
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aranda-Garcia
authors.forename: Norberto Batista
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Faria-Junior
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luis Shinohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003481:Cuspid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage / Q000295:instrumentation; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: debris; endodontics; root canal; scanning electron microscopy; smear layer