title: Carbohydrate-appended photocytotoxic (imidazophenanthroline)-oxovanadium(IV) complexes for cellular targeting and imaging.
abstract: Oxovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(aip)(L)](ClO4)2 (L = phtpy, 1; stpy, 2) and [VO(pyip)(L)](ClO4)2 (L = phtpy, 3; stpy, 4), where aip is 2-(9-anthryl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, pyip is [2-(1-pyrenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, phtpy is (4'-phenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and stpy is (2,2':6',2''-terpyridin-4'-oxy)ethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, were prepared, characterized and their DNA binding and photocleavage activity, cellular uptake and photocytotoxicity in visible light were studied. The complexes are avid binders to calf thymus DNA (K(b) ~10(5) mol(-1)). They efficiently cleave pUC19 DNA in red light of 705 nm via the formation of HO˙ species. The glucose appended complexes 2 and 4 showed higher photocytotoxicity in HeLa and Hep G2 cells over the normal HEK 293T cells. No such preference was observed for the phtpy complexes 1 and 3. No significant difference in IC50 values was observed for the HEK 293T cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that the glucose appended complexes 2 and 4 are more photocytotoxic in cancer cells than in normal cells. Fluorescence microscopy was done to study the cellular localization of complex 4 having a pendant pyrenyl group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. arc@ipc.iisc.ernet.in.
authors.forename: Bhabatosh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Banik
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Somyajit
authors.forename: Akhtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagaraju
authors.forename: Akhil R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053837:DNA Cleavage / Q000187:drug effects; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000737:chemistry; D014638:Vanadates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D007093:Imidazoles; D010618:Phenanthrolines; C075743:oxovanadium IV; D014638:Vanadates; C029899:imidazole; D004247:DNA