title: Time-course and accumulation of triclabendazole and its metabolites in bile, liver tissues and flukes collected from treated sheep.
abstract: The flukicidal compound triclabendazole (TCBZ) has a complex metabolic pattern that includes the systemic presence of its sulphoxide (TCBZ.SO) and sulphone (TCBZ.SO2) metabolites, usually recovered from the bile of treated animals. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the time-course and pattern of in vivo accumulation of TCBZ/metabolites into adult Fasciola hepatica specimens recovered from infected sheep. Twelve (12) healthy Corriedale sheep were orally infected with one hundred (100) metacercariae of the TCBZ-susceptible Cullomptom isolate of F. hepatica. Sixteen weeks after infection, animals were intraruminally treated with TCBZ (10mg/kg). At 3, 24, 48 and 60h post-treatment (pt), animals were sacrificed (n=3/time period) and samples of blood, bile, liver tissue and adult F. hepatica specimens were collected. The concentrations of TCBZ/metabolites were measured by HPLC. TCBZ.SO and TCBZ.SO2 were the only molecules recovered in the bloodstream, with peak plasma concentrations of 10.8μg/mL (TCBZ.SO) and 12.6μg/mL (TCBZ.SO2). The same metabolites were also the main analytes accumulated within the adult flukes, reaching peak concentrations between 6.35μg/g (TCBZ.SO) and 13.9μg/g (TCBZ.SO2) at 24h pt, which was coincident with the time when the maximum plasma concentration was attained. Low levels of TCBZ parent drug (0.14μg/g at 24h pt) were measured within collected flukes. TCBZ parent drug and its sulpho- and hydroxy-derivatives were recovered in bile collected from treated sheep between 3 and 60h pt. Although relatively high concentrations of hydroxy-TCBZ (ranging from 0.86 to 10.1μg/mL) were measured in bile, this metabolite was not recovered within the flukes at any time pt. Finally, TCBZ parent drug was the main compound accumulated in liver tissue over the 60h pt period. The time-course and drug concentration patterns within the adult liver fluke after TCBZ treatment followed a similar trend to those observed in plasma. Overall, the data reported here confirm that oral ingestion is a main route of drug entry into the trematode in vivo exposed to TCBZ/metabolites. However, the presence of TCBZ within the adult fluke (despite being absent in the systemic circulation) may be related to some degree of trans-tegumental diffusion from bile or by a direct oral ingestion from portal blood.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Tandil, Argentina. Electronic address: ceballos@vet.unicen.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ceballos
authors.affiliation: Parasite Therapeutics Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biological Centre, The Queeńs University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fairweather
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lanusse
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Tandil, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D013450:Sulfones / Q000378:metabolism; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D000077682:Triclabendazole
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D013450:Sulfones; D013454:Sulfoxides; D000077682:Triclabendazole; C085104:triclabendazole sulfoxide
keywords: Drug distribution; Fasciola hepatica; Triclabendazole