title: The importance of self-determined motivation towards physical activity in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: There is a need for theoretically-based research on the motivational processes linked to the commencement and continuation of physical activity in patients with schizophrenia. Within the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework, we investigated the SDT tenets in these patients by examining the factor structure of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and by investigating associations between motivation and PA. The secondary aim was to study differences in motivation according to gender, educational level, treatment setting and disease stage. A total of 129 patients (44♀) with schizophrenia agreed to participate. Exploratory factor analysis showed sufficient convergence with the original factor for amotivation, external and introjected regulation, while identified and intrinsic regulations loaded on a single factor which we labeled "autonomous regulation". Significant positive correlations were found between the total physical activity score and the subscales amotivation (r = -0.44, P < 0.001), external regulation (r = -0.27, P < 0.001), and autonomous regulation (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). Outpatients reported more external (P < 0.05) and introjected (P < 0.05) regulations than inpatients. Our results suggest that patients' level of self-determination may play an important role in the adoption and maintenance of health promoting behaviors in patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven Campus Kortenberg, KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuvensesteenweg 517, B-3070 Kortenberg, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@uc-kortenberg.be.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancampfort
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Hert
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vansteenkiste
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Herdt
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Scheewe
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soundy
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Probst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Exercise; Motivation; Physical activity; Schizophrenia; Self determination