title: Etidronate from medicine to endodontics: effects of different irrigation regimes on root dentin roughness.
abstract: An increase in dentin roughness, associated with surface composition, contributes to bacterial adherence in recontaminations. Surface roughness is also important for micromechanical interlocking of dental materials to dentin, and understanding the characteristics of the surface is essential to obtain the adhesion of root canal sealers that have different physico-chemical characteristics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA), etidronic (HEBP), and citric acid (CA) associated with different irrigation regimens on root dentin roughness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five root halves of anterior teeth were used. The root parts were sectioned in thirds, embedded in acrylic resin and polished to a standard surface roughness. Initially, the samples of each third were randomly assigned into 3 groups and treated as follows: G1 - saline solution (control); G2 - 5% NaOCl+18% HEBP mixed in equal parts; and G3 - 2.5% NaOCl. After initial measuments, the G3 samples were distributed into subgroups G4, G5 and G6, which were subjected to 17% EDTA, 10% CA and 9% HEBP, respectively. Following the new measuments, these groups received a final flush with 2.5% NaOCl, producing G7, G8 and G9. The dentin surface roughness (Ra) was determined before and after treatments using a profilometer. The Wilcoxon test (α<0.05) was used to compare the values before and after treatments, and the Friedman test (α<0.05) to detect any differences among root thirds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) NaOCl did not affect the surface roughness; (ii) there was a significant increase in roughness after the use of chelating agents (P<0.01); and (iii) only the G3 group showed a difference in surface roughness between apical third and other thirds of the teeth (P<0.0043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only the irrigation regimens that used chelating agents altered the roughness of root dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Pará, BelémPA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Talita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tartari
authors.forename: Anivaldo Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Duarte Junior
authors.forename: José Otávio Carrera
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Silva Júnior
authors.forename: Eliza Burlamaqui
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Klautau
authors.forename: Mario Honorato
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Silva E Souza Junior
authors.forename: Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues
authors.initials: Pde A
authors.lastname: Silva E Souza Junior
mesh_terms: D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D012968:Etidronic Acid