title: Variation in outcomes of the Melbourne Infant, Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program according to maternal education and age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of the Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program according to maternal education and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster-randomised controlled trial involving 542 mother/infant pairs from 62 existing first-time parent groups was conducted in 2008 in Melbourne, Australia. The intervention involved 6 × 2-hour dietitian-delivered sessions, DVD and written resources from infant age 4-15 months. Outcomes included infant diet (3 × 24 h diet recalls), physical activity (accelerometry), television viewing and body mass index. We tested for moderation by maternal education (with/without a University degree) and age (< 32 and ≥ 32 years). The trial was registered with the ISRCTN Register (identifier 81847050).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interaction effects with the treatment arm were observed for maternal education and age. The intervention effects on vegetable (positive effect) and sweet snack consumption (negative effect) were greater in children with higher educated mothers while intervention effects on water consumption (positive effect) were greater in infants with lower educated mothers. The intervention was also more effective in increasing both vegetable and water consumption in infants with mothers aged < 32 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Child obesity prevention interventions may be differentially effective according to maternal education and age. Evidence of differential effects is important for informing more sensitively targeted/tailored approaches.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia. Electronic address: adrian.cameron@deakin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Kylie D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hesketh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McNaughton
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lioret
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004326:Drinking; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014739:Victoria
keywords: Age; BMI; InFANT; Infant; Moderation; Nutrition; Physical activity; Socioeconomic position; The Melbourne Infant, Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial; USA; United States of America; WHO; World Health Organization; body mass index