title: Assessment of cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of four antidepressants on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata).
abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds like antidepressants found in surface waters raise concerns due to their potential toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory properties of four common antidepressants, namely Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Citalopram and Paroxetine, on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata), after 48 h-exposure. Effects on immunocompetence (phagocytosis, levels of reactive oxygen species, esterase activity and lysosomal membrane destabilization) were assessed. Results obtained by MTT assays revealed that acute toxicity is unlikely to occur in the environment since the LC50s of the four antidepressants are at the mg/L level. The different immunological endpoints displayed a biphasic response, with an increase at the lowest concentration (i.e. 1 μg/L) followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. Overall, Amitriptyline and Clomipramine, the two tricyclic antidepressants, had higher immunomodulatory capacities than the two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram and Paroxetine. Amitriptyline was the most potent and Citalopram the least potent drug in altering immune function in H. tuberculata.
authors.affiliation: CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France; CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen cedex, France. Electronic address: laetitia-minguez@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minguez
authors.affiliation: CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Halm-Lemeille
authors.affiliation: CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Costil
authors.affiliation: CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032 Caen cedex, France.
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bureau
authors.affiliation: CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.affiliation: CNRS INEE, FRE3484 BioMEA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serpentini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004950:Esterases
keywords: Abalone; Hemocyte; Immune response; In vitro; Pharmaceutical