title: Hemodynamic and arterial stiffness differences between African-Americans and Caucasians after maximal exercise.
abstract: African-American (AA) men have higher arterial stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) than Caucasian-American (CA) men. Women have greater age-associated increases in arterial stiffness and AIx than men. This study examined racial and sex differences in arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics at rest and after an acute bout of maximal exercise in young healthy individuals. One hundred young, healthy individuals (28 AA men, 24 AA women, 25 CA men, and 23 CA women) underwent measurements of aortic blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness at rest and 15 and 30 min after an acute bout of graded maximal aerobic exercise. Aortic BP and AIx were derived from radial artery applanation tonometry. Aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral) was measured via pulse wave velocity. Aortic stiffness was increased in AA subjects but not in CA subjects (P < 0.05) after an acute bout of maximal cycling exercise, after controlling for body mass index. Aortic BP decreased after exercise in CA subjects but not in AA subjects (P < 0.05). Women exhibited greater reductions in AIx after maximal aerobic exercise compared with men (P < 0.05). In conclusion, race and sex impact vascular and central hemodynamic responses to exercise. Young AA and CA subjects exhibited differential responses in central stiffness and central BP after acute maximal exercise. Premenopausal women had greater augmented pressure at rest and after maximal aerobic exercise than men. Future research is needed to examine the potential mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois;
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Sushant M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ranadive
authors.forename: Kevin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Heffernan
authors.forename: Abbi D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kappus
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Pei-Tzu
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Idethia S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Wilund
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernhall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
keywords: African-American; arterial stiffness; blood pressure; exercise; sex