title: Autocrine galectin-1 promotes collective cell migration of squamous cell carcinoma cells through up-regulation of distinct integrins.
abstract: We found that high galectin-1 (Gal-1) mRNA levels were associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells that expressed Snail, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator. Both Gal-1 overexpression and soluble Gal-1 treatment accelerated invasion and collective cell migration, along with activation of cdc42 and Rac. Soluble Gal-1 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase to increase expression levels of integrins α2 and β5, which were essential for Gal-1 dependent collective cell migration and invasiveness. Soluble Gal-1 also increased the incidence of EMT in Snail-expressing SCC cells; these were a minor population with an EMT phenotype under growing conditions. Our findings indicate that soluble Gal-1 promotes invasiveness through enhancing collective cell migration and increasing the incidence of EMT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School and Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
authors.forename: Andra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizqiawan
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobiume
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Okui
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigeishi
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimasue
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takechi
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashikawa
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamata
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D039421:Integrin alpha2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D039641:Integrin beta Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D037483:Galectin 1; D039421:Integrin alpha2; D039641:Integrin beta Chains; C084344:integrin beta5
keywords: Collective cell migration; EMT; Galectin-1; Snail