title: Diagnostics, therapy and outcome prediction in abdominal sepsis: current standards and future perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the perioperative phase, sepsis and sepsis-associated death are the most important problems for both the surgeon and the intensivist. Critically ill patients profit from an early identification and implementation of an interdisciplinary therapy. The purpose of this review on septic peritonitis is to give an update on the diagnosis and its evidence-based treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rapid diagnosis of sepsis is essential for patient´s survival. A bundle of studies was performed on early recognition and on new diagnostic tools for abdominal sepsis. Although surgical intervention is considered as an essential therapeutic step in sepsis therapy the time-point of source control is still controversially discussed in the literature. Furthermore, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines were updated in 2012 to facilitate evidence-based medicine for septic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite many efforts, the mortality of surgical septic patients remains unacceptably high. Permanent clinical education and further surgical trials are necessary to improve the outcome of critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Andreas.Hecker@chiru.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uhle
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwandner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Padberg
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weigand
mesh_terms: D057868:Anastomotic Leak / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators