title: Personality-dependent dispersal cancelled under predation risk.
abstract: Dispersal is a fundamental life-history trait for many ecological processes. Recent studies suggest that dispersers, in comparison to residents, display various phenotypic specializations increasing their dispersal inclination or success. Among them, dispersers are believed to be consistently more bold, exploratory, asocial or aggressive than residents. These links between behavioural types and dispersal should vary with the cause of dispersal. However, with the exception of one study, personality-dependent dispersal has not been studied in contrasting environments. Here, we used mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) to test whether personality-dependent dispersal varies with predation risk, a factor that should induce boldness or sociability-dependent dispersal. Corroborating previous studies, we found that dispersing mosquitofish are less social than non-dispersing fish when there was no predation risk. However, personality-dependent dispersal is negated under predation risk, dispersers having similar personality types to residents. Our results suggest that adaptive dispersal decisions could commonly depend on interactions between phenotypes and ecological contexts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, , Davis, CA, USA, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), , 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France, Université de Toulouse; UMR5174 EDB, , Toulouse 31062, France, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, , Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fogarty
authors.forename: Blaise
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tymen
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sih
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brodin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000502:physiology*; D010551:Personality; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012919:Social Behavior
keywords: behavioural syndrome; behavioural type; boldness; ecological invasion; predator–prey interaction; sociability