title: Predictive observation-based endpoint criteria for mice receiving total body irradiation.
abstract: Total body irradiation of mice is a commonly used research technique; however, humane endpoints have not been clearly identified. This situation has led to the inconsistent use of various endpoints, including death. To address this issue, we refined a cageside observation-based scoring system specifically for mice receiving total body irradiated. Male and female C57BL/6 mice (age, 8 wk) received 1 of 3 doses of radiation from 1 of 2 different radiation sources and were observed for progression of clinical signs. All mice were scored individually by using cageside observations of their body posture (score, 0 to 3), eye appearance (0 to 3), and activity level (0 to 3). Retrospective analysis of the observation score data indicated that death could be predicted accurately with total scores of 7 or greater, and observation scores were consistent between observers. This scoring system can be used to increase the consistent use of endpoint criteria in total body murine irradiation studies and ultimately to improve animal welfare.
authors.affiliation: Biologic Resources Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; MED Institute, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. lizzynun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nunamaker
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Artwohl
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Lyubimov
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fortman
mesh_terms: D054508:Acute Radiation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000662:veterinary*