title: Etiopathogenic differences in coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2004 were pooled for this study. Compared with coronary artery disease (CAD), a greater proportion of individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) were female, black, and active smokers. Patients with PAD had significantly higher serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein than those with CAD alone. The risk of CAD increased with serum cotinine levels>0.02 ng/mL. However, the risk of PAD increased only with serum cotinine levels>138 ng/mL. Despite this association, there was no significant association of secondhand smoke exposure with CAD or PAD. In conclusion, patients with CAD and PAD differed with respect to several demographic and biochemical factors. The relationship between PAD and cotinine demonstrated a threshold phenomenon (serum cotinine levels>138 ng/mL).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA dr.shikhar.agarwal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shikhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naderi
mesh_terms: D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014815:Vitamins; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: C-reactive protein; coronary artery disease; cotinine; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; peripheral artery disease; smoker