title: The early protective effect of glutamine pretreatment and ischemia preconditioning in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heat shock proteins (HSP) play an important role in protecting cells against stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a rat model, we tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with glutamine (Gln) and ischemia preconditioning (IPC) increase the expression of HSP resulting in attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups [group I, Gln injection (+), IPC (+); group II, Gln injection (+), IPC (-); group III, saline injection (+), IPC (+); group IV, saline injection (+), IPC (-)]. Renal HSP70 expression was determined by Western blotting and kidney function was assessed by blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Renal cross-sections were microscopically examined for tubular necrosis, exfoliation of tubular epithelial cells, cast formation, and monocyte infiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gln pretreatment increased intrarenal HSP expression (P = .031). In group I, tubulointerstitial abnormalities were clearly slighter compared with the other groups (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experiments suggest that (1) a single dose of Gln could induce HSP expression and (2) IPC could relieve renal I/R injury. In addition, IPC combined with Gln pretreatment had a synergic protective effect against renal I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine