title: Enhanced biomass delignification and enzymatic saccharification of canola straw by steam-explosion pretreatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent decades, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel (ethanol and biodiesel) has been extensively investigated. The three main chemical constituents of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides of primarily fermentable sugars, glucose and xylose respectively. Hemicellulose also includes small fermentable fractions of arabinose, galactose and mannose. The main issue in converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol is the accessibility of the polysaccharides for enzymatic breakdown into monosaccharides. This study focused on the use of steam explosion as the pretreatment method for canola straw as lignocellulosic biomass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Result showed that steam explosion treatment of biomass increased cellulose accessibility and it hydrolysis by enzyme hydrolysis. Following 72 h of enzyme hydrolysis, a maximum cellulose conversion to glucose yield of 29.40% was obtained for the steam-exploded sample while the control showed 11.60% glucose yields. Steam explosion pretreatment increased glucose production and glucose yield by 200% and 153.22%, respectively, compared to the control sample. The crystalline index increased from 57.48% in untreated canola straw to 64.72% in steam-exploded samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steam explosion pretreatment of biomass increased cellulose accessibility, and enzymatic hydrolysis increased glucose production and glucose yield of canola straw.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Daraei
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Garmakhany
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashaninejad
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aalami
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maghsoudlou
authors.forename: Mortza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khomieri
authors.forename: Lope G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Tabil
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013227:Steam; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013227:Steam; D000431:Ethanol; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D002480:Cellulase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: canola straw; enzymatic hydrolysis; fermentable sugar; steam explosion pretreatment