title: Understanding the mechanisms of cognitive impairments in developmental coordination disorder.
abstract: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), a neurodevelopmental disability in which a child's motor coordination difficulties significantly interfere with activities of daily life or academic achievement, together with additional symptoms of diseases with childhood sensorimotor impairments, increases the risk of many cognitive problems. This exhibits the dynamic interplay between sensorimotor and cognition systems. However, the brain structures and pathways involved have remained unknown over the past decades. Here, we review developments in recent years that elucidate the neural mechanisms involved in the sensorimotor-cognitive difficulties. First, we briefly address the clinical and epidemiological discoveries in DCD as well as its comorbidities. Subsequently, we group the growing evidence including our findings that support the notion that sensorimotor manipulation indeed affects the cognition development at systematic, circuitry, cellular, and molecular levels. This corresponds to changes in diverse brain regions, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter and receptor activity during development under these effects. Finally, we address the treatment potentials of task-oriented sensorimotor enhancement, as a new therapeutic strategy for cognitive rehabilitation, based on our current understanding of the neurobiology of cognitive-sensorimotor interaction.
authors.affiliation: 1] Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shining
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [3] Department of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: 1] Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jinlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1] Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1] Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China [2] Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D011379:Prognosis; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D009435:Synaptic Transmission