title: An initial validation of the Virtual Reality Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test in a college sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have demonstrated that the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) has utility for the detection of cognitive processing deficits. While the PASAT has demonstrated high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, administration of the PASAT has been known to create undue anxiety and frustration in participants. As a result, degradation of performance may be found on the PASAT. The difficult nature of the PASAT may subsequently decrease the probability of their return for follow up testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a preliminary attempt at assessing the potential of a PASAT embedded in a virtual reality environment. The Virtual Reality PASAT (VR-PASAT) was compared with a paper-and-pencil version of the PASAT as well as other standardized neuropsychological measures. The two modalities of the PASAT were conducted with a sample of 50 healthy university students, between the ages of 19 and 34 years. Equivalent distributions were found for age, gender, education, and computer familiarity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate relationships were found between VR-PASAT and other putative attentional processing measures. The VR-PASAT was unrelated to indices of learning, memory, or visuospatial processing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison of the VR-PASAT with the traditional paper-and-pencil PASAT indicated that both versions require the examinee to sustain attention at an increasingly demanding, externally determined rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results offer preliminary support for the construct validity (in a college sample) of the VR-PASAT as an attentional processing measure and suggest that this task may provide some unique information not tapped by traditional attentional processing tasks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, United States. Electronic address: Thomas.Parsons@unt.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Courtney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D001307:Auditory Perception; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013028:Space Perception; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ecological validity; Neuropsychological assessment; Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; Virtual environment