title: Meat intake increases risk of weight gain in women: a prospective cohort investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine the extent to which meat consumption influences risk of weight gain in women during a 20-month period. Additionally, to determine the extent to which demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors influence the meat-weight gain association.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two metropolitan areas of the Mountain West.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-seven middle-aged women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diet was assessed by using 7-day weighed food records, and physical activity was measured by using accelerometers. Other potential confounders included age; initial body weight; energy intake; percentage of energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrate; dietary fiber intake per 1000 kcal; and time in the investigation. Two meat variables were studied: very lean meat (VLM) and other meat (Meat).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple regression, partial correlation, and relative risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each additional serving (1 ounce) of Meat consumed at baseline per 1000 kcal was associated with a 1.19-kg gain in weight over time (F = 7.3, p = .0073). Controlling for physical activity, fiber, and macronutrient intake, individually, strengthened the relationship. Servings of VLM per 1000 kcal were not predictive of weight change (F = .00, p = .9576). With all potential confounders controlled, the relative risk of gaining weight (≥5 pounds) for women with Low Meat intake was .36 (95% confidence interval = .17-.76) compared to women with High Meat intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consuming meats other than those in the VLM category is associated with increased risk of weight gain over time.
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: LeCheminant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Diet; Health focus: nutrition, weight control; Insulin; Manuscript format: research; Obesity; Outcome measure: biometric, morbidity; Overweight; Prevention Research; Protein; Research purpose: relationship testing; Setting: community; Strategy: education, skill building/behavior change; Study design: prospective cohort; Target population age: adults; Target population circumstances: education/income level, geographic location