title: STN-DBS does not change emotion recognition in advanced Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei (STN-DBS) for the treatment of levodopa-induced motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that a postoperative decline in visual emotion recognition is responsible for those adverse events, although there is also evidence that emotional processing deficits can be present before surgery. The aim of the present study is to compare the ability to recognize emotions before and one year after surgery in APD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutively operated APD patients were tested pre-operatively and one year after STN-DBS by the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS), which evaluates visual recognition of 7 basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust and neutral) on facial expressions and 4 emotions on prosody (happiness, sadness, anger and fear).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a sample of 30 patients 6 had depression or apathy at baseline that significantly increased to 14 post-surgery. There were no significant changes in the tests of identity discrimination, discrimination of emotional faces, naming of emotional faces, recognition of emotional prosody, and naming of emotional prosody after STN-DBS. The results of emotion tests could not predict the development of the neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study does not support the hypothesis of an acquired change in emotion recognition, either in faces or in prosody, after STN-DBS in APD patients. Neuropsychiatric symptoms appearing after STN-DBS should not be attributed to new deficits in emotional recognition.
authors.affiliation: Language Research Laboratory, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: lalbuquerque@hospitaldaluz.pt.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Language Research Laboratory, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Leonor Correia
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Mário M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joaquim J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria Begoña
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cattoni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Herculano
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: A Gonçalves
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Language Research Laboratory, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel Pavão
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Emotion recognition; Parkinson's disease; STN-DBS