title: Subdural hemorrhage in two high-school football players: post-injury helmet testing.
abstract: The incidence of catastrophic head injury in American football is at a 30-year high; over 90% of these injuries are secondary to subdural hemorrhage (SDH). At the present time, it is unknown why the incidence of this devastating injury complex continues to rise. Because previous investigations have documented deficiencies in the process of equipment certification at youth and high-school levels, we sought to investigate the adequacy of headgear worn by two athletes who suffered contact-related SDH on the football field and presented to Vanderbilt Children's Hospital between 2009 and 2011. Helmets worn by the struck players at the time of collision (Medium Schutt Air Advantage 7888 and Large Schutt Air XP 7890) were obtained for formal biomechanical testing at a National Operating Committee on the Safety of Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)-certified facility. Both helmets were found to be compliant with a modified version of the NOCSAE standard ND002-11m12. Based on the aforementioned tests, it can be concluded that headgear worn by both players who suffered SDH was not substandard, as defined by contemporary helmet quality assurance criteria. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of helmet testing following sports-related helmeted collisions resulting in severe traumatic intracranial injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tenn., USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCalley
authors.forename: Young M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: P David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Halstead
authors.forename: Allen K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sills
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004867:Equipment Design; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed