title: Group-level spatial independent component analysis of Fourier envelopes of resting-state MEG data.
abstract: We developed a data-driven method to spatiotemporally and spectrally characterize the dynamics of brain oscillations in resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. The method, called envelope spatial Fourier independent component analysis (eSFICA), maximizes the spatial and spectral sparseness of Fourier energies of a cortically constrained source current estimate. We compared this method using a simulated data set against 5 other variants of independent component analysis and found that eSFICA performed on par with its temporal variant, eTFICA, and better than other ICA variants, in characterizing dynamics at time scales of the order of minutes. We then applied eSFICA to real MEG data obtained from 9 subjects during rest. The method identified several networks showing within- and cross-frequency inter-areal functional connectivity profiles which resemble previously reported resting-state networks, such as the bilateral sensorimotor network at ~20Hz, the lateral and medial parieto-occipital sources at ~10Hz, a subset of the default-mode network at ~8 and ~15Hz, and lateralized temporal lobe sources at ~8Hz. Finally, we interpreted the estimated networks as spatiospectral filters and applied the filters to obtain the dynamics during a natural stimulus sequence presented to the same 9 subjects. We observed occipital alpha modulation to visual stimuli, bilateral rolandic mu modulation to tactile stimuli and video clips of hands, and the temporal lobe network modulation to speech stimuli, but no modulation of the sources in the default-mode network. We conclude that (1) the proposed method robustly detects inter-areal cross-frequency networks at long time scales, (2) the functional relevance of the resting-state networks can be probed by applying the obtained spatiospectral filters to data from measurements with controlled external stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland. Electronic address: pavan@neuro.hut.fi.
authors.forename: Pavan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Unit, Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parkkonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Aapo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hyvärinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fourier energy; Independent component analysis; Inter-subject analysis; Magnetoencephalography; Minimum norm estimate; Natural stimulation; Neural oscillations; Resting state