title: The pulmonary artery catheter: a critical reappraisal.
abstract: Balloon floatation pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) have been used for hemodynamic monitoring in cardiac, medical, and surgical intensive care units since the 1970s. With the availability of newer noninvasive diagnostic modalities, particularly echocardiography, the frequency of diagnostic pulmonary artery catheterization has declined. In this review, the evolution of PACs, the results of nonrandomized and randomized studies in various clinical conditions, the uses and abuses of bedside hemodynamic monitoring, and current indications for pulmonary artery catheterization are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Critical Care, Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Cardiology, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: umesh.gidwani@mountsinai.org.
authors.forename: Umesh K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Gidwani
authors.forename: Bibhu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: Kanu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004867:Equipment Design; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000502:physiology; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D012769:Shock / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018658:Ventricular Septal Rupture / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Cardiac critical care; Pulmonary artery catheter; Swan-Ganz catheter