title: Relation between costimulatory molecule polymorphism and hepatitis B infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Costimulatory gene polymorphisms have been proposed to affect the hepatitis B virus pathogenesis by affecting regulation of immune responses. The association between costimulatory molecule gene polymorphisms including CTLA4, PD.1, ICOS, and CD28 with hepatitis B virus infection has been evaluated in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the loci of the costimulatory molecules were analyzed in 3 study groups. Hepatitis B virus infection was evaluated in plasma samples of each allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients by a third generation HBsAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit according to the manufacturer 's instructions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatitis B virus infection was found in 19 of 72 allogeneic (26.3%) and 26 of 59 autologous patients (44.1%). The T allele of CTLA4-318 and CC genotype of CD28+17 polymorphisms are significantly more frequent in hepatitis B virus-infected allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. The CC genotype of CD28 +17 was seen more frequently in hepatitis B virus-infected allogeneic hematopoietic transplant patients. The C allele of the PD.1.9 was seen more frequently in hepatitis B virus-infected allogeneic hematopoietic patients experiencing graft-versus-host disease. Also, the frequency of CT genotype and T allele of the PD.1.9 was significantly increased in hepatitis B virus-infected allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients experiencing low-grade graft-versus-host disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations of CTLA4 -318 and CD28 +17 with hepatitis B virus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients was reported, also it was determined that PD.1.9 genotypes and hepatitis B virus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients experiencing low-grade graft-versus-host disease was associated. However, better evaluations of the relations between costimulatory gene polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients requires further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yaghobi
authors.forename: Mahdiyar Iravani
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Saadi
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geramizadeh
authors.forename: Mani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramzi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zakerinia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C556692:ICOS protein, human; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor