title: Getting a head start: high-fidelity, simulation-based operating room team training of interprofessional students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective teamwork in the operating room (OR) is often undermined by the "silo mentality" of the differing professions. Such thinking is formed early in one's professional experience and is fostered by undergraduate medical and nursing curricula lacking interprofessional education. We investigated the immediate impact of conducting interprofessional student OR team training using high-fidelity simulation (HFS) on students' team-related attitudes and behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten HFS OR interprofessional student team training sessions were conducted involving 2 standardized HFS scenarios, each of which was followed by a structured debriefing that targeted team-based competencies. Pre- and post-session mean scores were calculated and analyzed for 15 Likert-type items measuring self-efficacy in teamwork competencies using the t-test. Additionally, mean scores of observer ratings of team performance after each scenario and participant ratings after the second scenario for an 11-item Likert-type teamwork scale were calculated and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen nursing students, 20 nurse anesthetist students, and 28 medical students participated in the training. Statistically significant gains from mean pre- to post-training scores occurred on 11 of the 15 self-efficacy items. Statistically significant gains in mean observer performance scores were present on all 3 subscales of the teamwork scale from the first scenario to the second. A statistically significant difference was found in comparisons of mean observer scores with mean participant scores for the team-based behaviors subscale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-fidelity simulation OR interprofessional student team training improves students' team-based attitudes and behaviors. Students tend to overestimate their team-based behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA. Electronic address: jpaige@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Paige
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Deborah D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Garbee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Valeriy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kozmenko
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Qingzhao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Lyubov
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kozmenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonanno
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health New Orleans Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000379:methods*; D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D055820:New Orleans; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists / Q000193:education; D010348:Patient Care Team; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000193:education*
keywords: ACR; HFS; HPS; IPE; IPS; OR; ORTAS; Operating Room Teamwork Assessment Scales; SBT; TBB; VOR; adaptive communication and response; high-fidelity simulation; human patient simulator; interprofessional education; interprofessional students; operating room; simulation-based training; team-based behavior; virtual operating room