title: Antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide particles on five micro-organisms of the Challenge Tests related to their physicochemical properties.
abstract: Zinc oxide is commonly used in pharmaceutical products to prevent or treat topical or systemic diseases owing to its antimicrobial properties, but it is scarcely used as preservative in topical formulations. The aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) powders on the five microbial strains used for Challenge Tests in order to evaluate this inorganic compound as a preservative in topical formulation and assess relationships between the structural parameters of ZnO particles and their antimicrobial activity. For this purpose, the physicochemical characteristics of three ZnO grades were measured and their antimicrobial efficacy against the following micro-organisms - Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Candida albicans; Aspergillus brasiliensis - was assessed using disc diffusion susceptibility tests and a broth dilution method. The comprehensive dataset of physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activities (MIC and MBC) is discussed regarding methodological issues related to the particulate nature of ZnO and structure-activity relationships. Every ZnO grade showed bactericidal and antifungal activity against the five tested micro-organisms in a concentration dependent manner. ZnO particles with smaller size, larger specific area and higher porosity exhibit higher antimicrobial activity. Such trends are related to their mechanisms of antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Strand Cosmetics Europe, 124 route du Charpenay, 69210 Lentilly, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pasquet
authors.affiliation: Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: chevalier@lagep.univ-lyon1.fr.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.affiliation: Strand Cosmetics Europe, 124 route du Charpenay, 69210 Lentilly, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Couval
authors.affiliation: Strand Cosmetics Europe, 124 route du Charpenay, 69210 Lentilly, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouvier
authors.affiliation: Strand Cosmetics Europe, 124 route du Charpenay, 69210 Lentilly, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noizet
authors.affiliation: Strand Cosmetics Europe, 124 route du Charpenay, 69210 Lentilly, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morlière
authors.affiliation: Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Alexandrine
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bolzinger
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Challenge Test; Inorganic antibacterial agent; Physicochemical characterization; Topical formulations; Zinc oxide