title: Prevalence and treatment of heart failure in Swedish nursing homes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the burden of care for elderly patients with heart failure (HF) can be decreased by therapeutic measures, it is important that such patients are identified correctly. This study explores the prevalence of HF in nursing homes in Sweden, with special consideration of the risk of failure to diagnose HF in the study population. A second aim is to explore medication and the adherence to guidelines for the treatment of HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  429 patients from 11 nursing homes were included during 2008-2011. Information about diagnoses and medications from patient records, blood samples, questionnaire responses and blood pressure measurements were collected. The baseline characteristics of the patients, their medications and one-year mortality were identified and then compared regarding HF diagnosis and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. A BNP level of >100 ng/L was used to identify potential cases of HF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The point prevalence of HF diagnosis in the medical records in the study population was 15.4%. With the recommended cut-off value for BNP, up to 196 subjects in the study population (45.7%) qualified for further screening of potential HF.The subjects in the HF and non-HF groups were similar with the exception of mean age, BNP levels and Mini Mental State Examination results which were higher in the HF group, and the eGFR and blood pressure, which were lower when HF. The subjects with higher BNP values were older and had lower eGFR, Hb, diastolic blood pressure and BMI. The subjects with HF diagnoses were in many cases not treated according to the guidelines. Loop diuretics were often used without concomitant ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. The subjects without HF diagnoses in the medical records at inclusion but with BNP values >100 ng/L had less appropriate HF medication. The one-year mortality was 52.9% in the population with HF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that the estimated prevalence of HF in nursing homes in Sweden would increase if BNP measurements were used to select patients for further examinations. The pharmacological treatment of HF varied substantially, as did adherence to guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. beata.borgstrom-bolmsjo@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Beata Borgström
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Bolmsjö
authors.forename: Sigvard
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mölstad
authors.forename: Carl Johan
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Östgren
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Midlöv
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000639:trends; D015995:Prevalence; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome