title: Tertiary combination of freeze-dried urine of Indian breeds of cow with plant products against snail Lymnaea acuminata.
abstract: Snail Lymnaea acuminata is the intermediate host of liver fluke Fasciola gigantica, which cause endemic fasciolosis among cattle population of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Control of snail population by molluscicides is one of the effective methods to control fasciolosis. In the present study molluscicidal activity of tertiary combination of freeze-dried urine of different Indian breeds of cow Sahiwal, Geer and Tharparkar with Annona squamosa seed powder, Ferula asafoetida root latex, Azadirachta indica oil and Camellia sinensis leaves have been tested against Lymnaea acuminata. It was noted that the toxicity of tertiary combination (1:1:5) of cow urine kept for 15 days in sunlight or laboratory condition with different plant products were highly toxic against snail L. acuminata. 96 h LC50 of tertiary combinations with Sahiwal urine kept for 15 days in sunlight with A. squamosa, F. asafoetida, A. indica oil and C. sinensis were 35.47 mg L(-1), 37.13 mg L(-1), 33.66 mg L(-1), respectively higher than the Geer and Tharparkar. The toxicity of Sahiwal urine kept for 15 days in laboratory condition with A. squamosa and C. sinensis (96 h LC50 28.28 mg L(-1)) was more potent than the all other combinations. Cow urine in combination with plant product can be used for effective control of snail.
authors.affiliation: Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009 U.P. India.
authors.forename: Shiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Vinay Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005612:Freeze Drying; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts