title: Misreporting of energy intake in the 2007 Australian Children's Survey: differences in the reporting of food types between plausible, under- and over-reporters of energy intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Misreporting is common when collecting dietary intake data, although relatively little is known about the types of foods misreported among children. The present study aimed to identify differences in the reporting of food types between plausible and misreporters of energy intake in a national nutrition survey of Australian children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary data were collected using a 24-h recall from 4826 children aged 2-16 years who were participating in the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Misreporters of energy intake were classified using the Goldberg criteria. Differences in the reporting of a range of food types were examined between plausible, under- and over-reporters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with plausible reporters, under-reporters reported less frequent consumption and smaller quantities of consumption of both core and noncore foods. Older children (self-report) under-reported a larger selection of noncore foods than younger children (parental report). Over-reporters reported similar percentages of consumption of many core and noncore foods, with some exceptions. The quantities consumed by over-reporters were generally much larger and this was evident in younger and older children. Compared with plausible reporters, under-reporters had significantly higher intakes of protein and starch but lower intakes of sugar and fat, as percentage energy, than plausible reporters, whereas over-reporters had higher fat and lower carbohydrate intakes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in the reporting of food types were common between plausible, under- and over-reporters of energy intake by children (or their parents) and were not restricted to noncore foods.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rangan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allman-Farinelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donohoe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010290:Parents; D064787:Portion Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report
keywords: Australia; children; dietary survey; foods; misreporting