title: Immediate provisionalisation of single post-extractive implants versus implants placed in healed sites in the anterior maxilla: 1-year results from a multicentre controlled cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical and aesthetic outcome of single post-extractive implants versus implants placed in a preserved socket after 4 months of healing in the anterior maxilla. All of the implants were immediately non-occlusally loaded.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 patients were treated in the two groups of study. The Delayed Group had a maxillary tooth (premolar, canine, lateral or central incisor) removed, with immediate socket grafting, followed by implant placement and provisionalisation 4 months later. The Immediate Group had immediate implant placement and provisionalisation. Outcome measures were implant failures, biological and biomechanical complications, peri-implant radiographic bone level changes, and gingival aesthetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 12-month follow-up, two implants failed in the Immediate Group (8%) versus one in the Delayed Group (4%), with a comparable rate of implant failure (P = 0.55). No complications occurred for either group. The 12-month peri-implant bone resorption was similar in both groups (P = 0.23): 0.71 mm (95% CI 0.45, 0.97) in the Immediate Group versus 0.60 mm (95% CI 0.38, 0.82) in the Delayed Group. The mean difference in bone resorption was 0.13 mm (95% CI -0.21, 0.47). An ideal gingival marginal level was reached most frequently in the Delayed Group (83.3% versus 52.1%, P = 0.04). Rates of full closure of the papilla were similar between the two groups (82.6% for the Immediate Group versus 62.5% for the Delayed Group, P = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the limitation that this was not a randomised controlled trial, there were no differences in complications or crestal bone response at immediate post-extractive implants when compared to delayed implants. A delayed protocol might be considered in the aesthetic zone due to the gingival recession that occurs after post-extractive implant placement.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guazzi
authors.forename: Rawad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samarani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grandi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth / Q000009:adverse effects; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000009:adverse effects; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D005260:Female; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome