title: Higher water temperature and incubation under aerobic and microaerobic conditions increase the recovery and diversity of Arcobacter spp. from shellfish.
abstract: Some Arcobacter species are considered emerging food-borne and waterborne pathogens, and shellfish have been suggested as one of their reservoirs. However, only a few studies have investigated the presence of Arcobacter in this kind of food. This study assesses the prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in shellfish by multiplex PCR (m-PCR) and culturing methods (under different atmospheric conditions) and evaluates the possible influence of environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, and harvesting bay). Arcobacter was detected by m-PCR and/or culturing in 61 (29.9%) of 204 shellfish samples. Of the positive samples by culturing, 41.1% were obtained under only aerobic incubation conditions, while 23.2% were obtained under only microaerobic conditions. Of 476 investigated isolates, 118 belonged to different enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR genotypes (strains) and to 11 different species. This study shows the highest diversity of Arcobacter species ever observed in samples from any origin. The most prevalent species was Arcobacter butzleri (60.2%), followed by Arcobacter molluscorum (21.2%). The prevalence of Arcobacter was significantly higher during the summer than in other seasons, being associated with an increase in water temperature. Results confirm that shellfish are a reservoir for a remarkable diversity of Arcobacter spp.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Ciències Mediques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levican
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collado
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yustes
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Figueras
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D020640:Arcobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D044822:Biodiversity; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012758:Shellfish / Q000382:microbiology*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature