title: Mushroom and dietary selenium intakes in relation to fasting glucose levels in a free-living Italian adult population: the Moli-sani Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mushrooms are known to be a major food source of selenium, a mineral associated with diabetes prevalence. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mushroom and dietary selenium intakes and blood glucose levels in a free-living adult Italian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6879 men and 6891 women (aged 53.1±11.0years) with neither diabetes nor on special diets were analyzed from the population randomly recruited for the Moli-sani study. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary assessment. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured from fasting serum samples, and diabetes prevalence was determined according to American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, an increase of one (30-g) portion/week in mushroom consumption was associated with a 0.43-0.55mmol/L increase in FBG at different levels of adjustment (P<0.05). In both men and women, dietary selenium was positively associated with blood glucose in both unadjusted and fully adjusted models (P<0.05 for all). Both mushroom and dietary selenium intakes were independently associated with blood glucose on multivariate analyses. In addition, high intakes of both were associated with higher diabetes prevalence in men and women (OR>1, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of mushroom and selenium intakes with FBG suggests that mushroom and selenium might each independently increase the risk of diabetes. However, prospective studies are now necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology, Research Laboratories, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II", Università Cattolica, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pounis
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persichillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Curtis
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinceti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology, Research Laboratories, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II", Università Cattolica, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Di Castelnuovo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Gaetano
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy. Electronic address: licia.iacoviello@moli-sani.org.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacoviello
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005215:Fasting; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014131:Trace Elements; D012643:Selenium
keywords: Diabetes; Dietary habits; Glucose; Mushroom; Selenium