title: Factors related with the ability to maintain wakefulness in the daytime after fast and forward rotating shifts.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore changes in cognitive function, sleep propensity, and sleep-related hormones (growth hormone, cortisol, prolactin, and thyrotropin) and to investigate the factors related to the ability to maintain wakefulness in the daytime after one block of fast forward rotating shift work (2 days, 2 evenings, and 2 nights). Twenty female nurses (mean age: 26.0 ± 2.0 years; range: 22-30 years) were recruited from an acute psychiatric ward. The nurses completed the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Symbol Searching Test, Taiwan University Attention Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) four times throughout the day at 2-hour intervals, and their hormone levels were measured at the same time. There was no time of day effect on sleep propensity as measured by the MWT or MSLT despite an increase in self-reported sleepiness. Anxiety state and neuropsychological tasks, including executive function, attention, and perceptual and motor abilities were not affected during the daytime sleep restriction period. The number of omissions and perceptual and motor abilities showed a practice effect. The thyrotropin levels were significantly elevated, and cortisol levels significantly decreased during the daytime sleep restriction period. There were no significant changes in growth hormone or prolactin throughout the daytime period. Age was negatively associated with the mean sleep latency (MSL) of the MWT and positively associated with the MSL of the MSLT. The perseverative errors in WCST and SSS scores were negatively associated with the MSL of the MWT. SAI scores and thyrotropin levels were positively associated with the MSL of the MWT. In conclusion, there was no change in sleep propensity in the daytime after one block of rotating shift work. An attempt to preserve daytime alertness was also related to maintaining neuropsychological performance. Maintaining this ability was related to thyrotropin and age, and this cognition required a high attentive load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Taiwan; Faculty of Nursing Department, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-San
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yu-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chung-Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Hsiang-Lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013624:Taiwan; D014851:Wakefulness; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive function; Nurse; Shift work sleep propensity