title: The effects of bicycle frame geometry on muscle activation and power during a wingate anaerobic test.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of bicycle seat tube angles (STA) of (72° and 82°) on power production and EMG of the vastus laeralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), semimembranous (SM), biceps femoris (BF) during a Wingate test (WAT). Twelve experienced cyclists performed a WAT at each STA. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify differences in muscular activation by STA. EMG variables were normalized to isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Paired t-tests were used to test the effects of STA on: peak power, average power, minimum power and percent power drop. Results indicated BF activation was significantly lower at STA 82° (482.9 ± 166.6 %MVC·s) compared to STA 72° (712.6 ± 265.6 %MVC·s). There were no differences in the power variables between STAs. The primary finding was that increasing the STA from 72° to 82° enabled triathletes' to maintain power production, while significantly reducing the muscular activation of the biceps femoris muscle. Key PointsRoad cyclists claim that bicycle seat tube angles between 72° and 76° are most effective for optimal performance in racing.Triathletes typically use seat tube angles greater than 76°. It is thought that a seat tube angle greater than 76° facilitates a smoother bike to run transition in the triathlon.Increasing the seat tube angle from 72 to 82 enabled triathletes' to maintain power production, while significantly reducing the muscular activation of the biceps femoris muscle.Reduced hamstring muscular activation in the triathlon frame (82 seat tube angle) may serve to reduce hamstring tightness following the bike phase of the triathlon, allowing the runner to use a longer stride length.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science Research Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ricard
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hills-Meyer
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Michael
keywords: Cycling; EMG; anaerobic power; efficiency; triathlon