title: RNA-mediated gene activation.
abstract: The regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has become a new paradigm in biology. RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways have been studied extensively, revealing diverse epigenetic and posttranscriptional mechanisms. In contrast, the roles of ncRNAs in activating gene expression remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of gene activation by small RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and enhancer-derived RNAs, with an emphasis on epigenetic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; Yale University; New Haven, CT USA.
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; Yale University; New Haven, CT USA.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Slack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D022661:RNA, Untranslated
keywords: RNAa; eRNA; enhancer; epigenetic; lincRNA; non-coding RNA; saRNA; transcriptional activation