title: The imbalance of Th17 and regulatory T cells in pemphigus patients.
abstract: Pemphigus is a complex dermatologic autoimmune bullous disease whose pathogenic mechanism is not fully understood. Anti-desmoglein-1 (Dsg1) and anti- Dsg3 autoantibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis of pemphigus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of T-helper17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the pathogenesis of pemphigus in fifty-one patients and twenty-six healthy individuals (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of CD3(+)CD8(-) IL-17 expressing Th cells and CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Treg cells were determined by FACS in both groups, along with anti-Dsg1 and Dsg3 antibody titers. An analysis of the correlation between Th17 and Treg cells was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Th17 cell numbers were significantly higher in pemphigus patients than in normal controls (P = 0.014), especially in the acute onset and chronic active stages (P = 0.004 and 0.022). Conversely, Treg cells in pemphigus patients were significantly fewer than in the control group (P<0.001). The same trend was observed between the acute onset and the remittent stage patients (P = 0.006). We found a negative correlation between Th17 and Treg cell populations (r = -0.532, P<0.001). Anti-Dsg1 and Dsg3 antibody titers were higher in patients in the active stage than in the remittent stage, with an increased IgG4/IgG1 subclass ratio. There was no statistically significant correlation between Th17/Treg ratios and anti-Dsg1 or Dsg3 antibody titers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show an imbalance of Th17 and Treg cell populations in pemphigus patients, which might result in the activation and proliferation of effector T cells, further up-regulating B cell activity and antibody production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ren-Chao
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Qin
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D051183:Desmoglein 1 / Q000276:immunology; D051184:Desmoglein 3 / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; C495297:DSG1 protein, human; C071894:DSG3 protein, human; D051183:Desmoglein 1; D051184:Desmoglein 3
keywords: Anti-Dsg1 or Dsg3 Antibody; Pemphigus; Regulatory T cells; Th17 cells