title: British Association of Paediatric Urologists consensus statement on the management of the primary obstructive megaureter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well-known that the majority of congenital megaureters may be managed conservatively, but the indications and surgical options in patients requiring intervention are less well defined. Hence this topic was selected for discussion at the 2012 consensus meeting of the British Association of Paediatric Urologists (BAPU). Our aim was to establish current UK practice and derive a consensus management strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An evidence-based literature review on a predefined set of questions on the management of the primary congenital megaureter was presented to a panel of 56 Consultant Surgeon members of the British Association of Paediatric Urologists (BAPU), and current opinion and practice established. Each question was discussed, and a show of hands determined whether the panel reached a consensus (two-thirds majority).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BAPU defined a ureteric diameter over 7 mm as abnormal. The recommendation was for newborns with prenatally diagnosed hydroureteronephrosis to receive antibiotic prophylaxis and be investigated with an ultrasound scan and micturating cystourethrogram, followed by a diuretic renogram once VUR and bladder outlet obstruction had been excluded. Initial management of primary megaureters is conservative. Indications for surgical intervention include symptoms such as febrile UTIs or pain, and in the asymptomatic patient, a DRF below 40% associated with massive or progressive hydronephrosis, or a drop in differential function on serial renograms. The BAPU recommended a ureteral reimplantation in patients over 1 year of age but recognized that the procedure may be challenging in infancy. Proposed alternatives were the insertion of a temporary JJ stent or a refluxing reimplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A peer-reviewed consensus guideline for the management of the primary megaureter has been established. The guideline is based on current evidence and peer practice and the BAPU recognized that new techniques requiring further studies may have a role in future management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK. Electronic address: Marie-Klaire.Farrugia@Chelwest.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Marie-Klaire
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Farrugia
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Rowena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hitchcock
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Southampton University Hospital Trust, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burki
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, St George's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Feilim
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012092:Replantation; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
keywords: Antenatal hydronephrosis; Consensus statement; Primary obstructive megaureter; Ureteral obstruction; Ureteral reimplantation; Ureteral stent