title: Partnership for health-2, a web-based versus print smoking cessation intervention for childhood and young adult cancer survivors: randomized comparative effectiveness study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking among cancer survivors increases the risk of late effects and second cancers. This article reports on Partnership for Health-2 (PFH-2)-an effort to develop an effective and scalable version of Partnership for Health (PFH), which was a previously tested peer-delivered telephone counseling program that doubled smoking cessation rates among childhood cancer survivors who smoke.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents results from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of PFH-2 in targeted and tailored Web-based versus print formats. The overall goal was to determine whether the intervention outcomes in these self-guided scalable formats approximate what was found in a more intensive telephone counseling program.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized controlled trial with a 15-month follow-up that included 374 smokers who were survivors of childhood or young adult cancers, recruited from five survivorship clinics. Participants were randomly assigned to a Web-based or print format of the PFH intervention; all had access to free pharmacotherapy. The website was designed to provide new content at each log-on, and a peer counselor moderated a forum/chat feature. The primary outcome was smoking status at 15 months post randomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 58.3% (77/132) of Web participants logged on at least once (mean visits 3.25). Using multiple imputation methods for missing data, there were similar rates of cessation in the two arms (print: 20/128, 15.6%; Web: 33/201, 6.4%), and no differences in quit attempts or readiness to quit. The quit rates were equivalent to those found in our previous telephone counseling intervention. There were high rates of satisfaction with both of the PFH-2 interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The print and Web formats yielded equivalent levels of success to those found with our telephone-delivered intervention and are comparable to other Internet treatment studies. This study provides important options for survivorship programs that may not have resources for interpersonal forms of cessation counseling. Efforts to increase patient use of the interventions may result in higher cessation rates.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States. Karen_M_Emmons@dfci.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Emmons
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puleo
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sprunck-Harrild
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Jamie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ostroff
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diller
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Moor
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tyc
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cancer prevention; cancer survivors; smoking cessation