title: Imported Armillifer pentastomiasis: report of a symptomatic infection in The Netherlands and mini-review.
abstract: We report a case of symptomatic visceral Armillifer pentastomiasis in a 23-year-old female Liberian immigrant to The Netherlands. The patient was referred to the gynecologist because of lower abdominal pain. During laparotomy, multiple adhesions were seen in the lower pelvis and a hydrosalpinx with an encapsulated Armillifer nymph, most likely Armillifer armillatus, was found. Key features of the parasite's cuticle which facilitate the diagnosis of pentastomiasis, are presented. Symptomatic pentastomiasis is uncommon, and most cases are diagnosed incidentally during surgery for other reasons, or at autopsy. With regard to increasing international migration, other imported pentastomiasis cases to Europe and North America are reviewed, and more cases are likely to be seen in the future.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: dtappe@hygiene.uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tappe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), PO Box 9600 (zone E4-P), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: annekedijkmans@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Anneke C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dijkmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), PO Box 9600 (zone P4-P), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: E.A.T.Brienen@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Eric A T
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Brienen
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: bendijkmans@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ben A C
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dijkmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Flevohospital, Hospitaalweg 1, 1315 RA Almere, The Netherlands. Electronic address: IRuhe@Flevoziekenhuis.nl.
authors.forename: Inge M C
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ruhe
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Flevohospital, Hospitaalweg 1, 1315 RA Almere, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mnetten@flevoziekenhuis.nl.
authors.forename: Magali C M L
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Netten
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), PO Box 9600 (zone P4-P), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: lvanlieshout@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Lieshout
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000469:parasitology; D000818:Animals; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D006801:Humans; D007988:Liberia / Q000208:ethnology; D009426:Netherlands; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D057078:Pentastomida; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: Abdominal infection; Armillifer armillatus; Immigrant; Pentastomiasis; Zoonosis