title: Beverage caffeine intakes in the U.S.
abstract: Caffeine is one of the most researched food components, with the vast majority of dietary contributions coming from beverage consumption; however, there is little population-level data on caffeine intakes in the U.S. This study estimated the caffeine intakes of the U.S. population using a comprehensive beverage survey, the Kantar Worldpanel Beverage Consumption Panel. A nationally representative sample of 37,602 consumers (aged ≥ 2 years) of caffeinated beverages completed 7-day diaries which facilitated the development of a detailed database of caffeine values to assess intakes. Results showed that 85% of the U.S. population consumes at least one caffeinated beverage per day. The mean (±SE) daily caffeine intake from all beverages was 165±1 mg for all ages combined. Caffeine intake was highest in consumers aged 50-64 years (226±2 mg/day). The 90th percentile intake was 380 mg/day for all ages combined. Coffee was the primary contributor to caffeine intakes in all age groups. Carbonated soft drinks and tea provided a greater percentage of caffeine in the younger (<18 years) age groups. The percentage of energy drink consumers across all age groups was low (≤10%). These data provide a current perspective on caffeinated beverage consumption patterns and caffeine intakes in the U.S. population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee University Park, PA 16802, United States. Electronic address: dcm1@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Knight International, 715 Ketch Drive, Naples, FL 34103, United States. Electronic address: carolaknight@comcast.net.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Kantar Worldpanel, 11 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States. Electronic address: Jon.Hockenberry@KantarWorldpanel.com.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hockenberry
authors.affiliation: Kantar Worldpanel, 11 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010, United States. Electronic address: Robyn.Teplansky@KantarWorldpanel.com.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teplansky
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, CNR #3035, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States. Electronic address: tjhartm@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Terryl J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Beverages; CSD; CSFII; Caffeine; Consumption; Continuing Survey of Food Intakes in Individuals; FDA; Food and Drug Administration; Intake; KWP; Kantar Worldpanel; NDSR; NHANES; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nutrition Data System for Research; SIP; Share of Intake Panel; Survey; U.S. population; US Department of Agriculture; USDA; carbonated soft drink