title: Concentrations and health risks of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in rice and edible mushrooms in China.
abstract: In this study, four common heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in rice and edible mushrooms of China were studied to evaluate contamination level and edible safety. Ninety two (92) rice samples were collected from the main rice growing regions in China, and 38 fresh and 21 dry edible mushroom samples were collected from typical markets in Nanjing City. The analyzed metal concentrations were significantly different between rice and edible mushroom samples (p<0.05). The results showed that Pb, Cd and As contents in 4.3%, 3.3% and 2.2% rice samples respectively, were above maximum allowable concentration (MAC). In fresh edible mushroom, Pb and Hg contents in 2.6% samples were above MAC, respectively. However, only Hg content in 4.8% dry edible mushroom samples was above its MAC. Therefore, more than 95% rice and edible mushroom samples in our test had high edible safety.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xinyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wenjian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiaochang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Alfred Mugambi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mariga
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qiuhui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Edible mushroom; Health risk; Heavy metal; Rice