title: What's wrong with epigenetics in Huntington's disease?
abstract: Huntington's disease (HD) can be considered the paradigm of epigenetic dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we attempted to compile the evidence that indicates, on the one hand, that several epigenetic marks (histone acetylation, methylation, ubiquitylation, phosphorylation and DNA modifications) are altered in multiple models and in postmortem patient samples, and on the other hand, that pharmacological treatments aimed to reverse such alterations have beneficial effects on HD phenotypic and biochemical traits. However, the working hypotheses regarding the biological significance of epigenetic dysregulation in this disease and the mechanisms of action of the tested ameliorative strategies need to be refined. Understanding the complexity of the epigenetics in HD will provide useful insights to examine the role of epigenetic dysregulation in other neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Universidad Miguel Hernández, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain. Electronic address: lmv@umh.es.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Valor
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Universidad Miguel Hernández, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Deisy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guiretti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018697:Nootropic Agents
keywords: Amelioration; DNA methylation; HDAC; Histone; KAT; Polyglutamine; Post-translational modification