title: Socio-demographic determinants of timely adherence to BCG, Penta3, measles, and complete vaccination schedule in Burkina Faso.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the determinants of timely vaccination among young children in the North-West of Burkina Faso.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 1665 children between 12 and 23 months of age from the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System, born between September 2006 and December 2008. The effect of socio-demographic variables on timely adherence to the complete vaccination schedule was studied in multivariable ordinal logistic regression with 3 distinct endpoints: (i) complete timely adherence, (ii) failure, and (iii) missing vaccination. Three secondary endpoints were timely vaccination with BCG, Penta3, and measles, which were studied with standard multivariable logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers' education, socio-economic status, season of birth, and area of residence were significantly associated with failure of timely adherence to the complete vaccination schedule. Year of birth, ethnicity, and the number of siblings was significantly related to timely vaccination with Penta3 but not with BCG or measles vaccination. Children living in rural areas were more likely to fail timely vaccination with BCG than urban children (OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.24-2.58 (proximity to health facility), OR=3.02, 95%CI=2.18-4.19 (long distance to health facility)). In contrast, when looking at Penta3 and measles vaccination, children living in rural areas were far less likely to have failed timely vaccinations than urban children. Mother's education positively influenced timely adherence to the vaccination schedule (OR=1.42, 95%CI 1.06-1.89). There was no effect of household size or the age of the mother.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional health facilities and encouragement of women to give birth in these facilities could improve timely vaccination with BCG. Rural children had an advantage over the urban children in timely vaccination, which is probably attributable to outreach vaccination teams amongst other factors. As urban children rely on their mothers' own initiative to get vaccinated, urban mothers should be encouraged more strongly to get their children vaccinated in time.
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Institute of Public Health, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: Schoeps@uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoeps
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Institute of Public Health, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouédraogo
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), BP 02 Nouna, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kagoné
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), BP 02 Nouna, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sié
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Institute of Public Health, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: University of Heidelberg, Institute of Public Health, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becher
mesh_terms: D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: BCG; Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CRSN; CSPS; Centre de Recherche en Santé; HDSS; Health and Demographic Surveillance System; OPV; Oral Polio Vaccine; Ordinal logistic regression; Penta; Pentavalent Vaccine; Risk factor; Rural–urban difference; SES; SSA; Sub-Saharan Africa; Unicef; United Nations Children's Funds; Vaccination coverage; Vaccination timeliness; WHO; World Health Organization; peripheral health centre; socio-economic status