title: Moderate alcohol consumption enhances vaccine-induced responses in rhesus macaques.
abstract: We have recently shown that chronic alcohol consumption in a rhesus macaque model of ethanol self-administration significantly modulates the serum cytokine profile. In this study, we extended these observations by investigating the impact of chronic ethanol exposure on the immune response to Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA). All animals were vaccinated with MVA before ethanol exposure to ethanol and then again after 7 months of 22 h/day of "open-access" drinking of 4% (w/v) ethanol. Our results indicate that animals whose blood ethanol concentration (BEC) chronically exceeded 80 mg/dl had lower CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation as well as IgG responses following MVA booster than control animals. In contrast, relatively moderate drinkers whose BEC remained below 80 mg/ml exhibited more robust MVA-specific IgG and CD8 T cell responses than controls. To begin to uncover mechanisms underlying the differences in MVA-specific responses between the three groups, we analyzed plasma cytokine levels and microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following MVA booster. Our findings suggest that moderate ethanol consumption results in higher levels of antiviral cytokines and an expression profile of microRNAs linked to CD8 T cell differentiation. In summary, moderate alcohol consumption enhances recall vaccine responses, whereas chronic alcohol intoxication suppresses this response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA. Electronic address: messaoud@ucr.edu.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Messaoudi
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asquith
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006706:Homeostasis; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014615:Vaccinia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C560489:MVA vaccine; D035683:MicroRNAs; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Antibody; Cytokine; Ethanol; MVA; Macaque; MicroRNA; T cell; Vaccine