title: Complex biomarker discovery in neuroimaging data: Finding a needle in a haystack.
abstract: Neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease are major public health problems. However, despite decades of research, we currently have no validated prognostic or diagnostic tests that can be applied at an individual patient level. Many neuropsychiatric diseases are due to a combination of alterations that occur in a human brain rather than the result of localized lesions. While there is hope that newer imaging technologies such as functional and anatomic connectivity MRI or molecular imaging may offer breakthroughs, the single biomarkers that are discovered using these datasets are limited by their inability to capture the heterogeneity and complexity of most multifactorial brain disorders. Recently, complex biomarkers have been explored to address this limitation using neuroimaging data. In this manuscript we consider the nature of complex biomarkers being investigated in the recent literature and present techniques to find such biomarkers that have been developed in related areas of data mining, statistics, machine learning and bioinformatics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA.
authors.forename: Gowtham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atluri
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Petrella
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Nagiza F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Samatova
authors.forename: P Murali
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Doraiswamy
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar