title: Consumption of added sugars from liquid but not solid sources predicts impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance among youth at risk of obesity.
abstract: Little is known about longitudinal associations between added sugar consumption (solid and liquid sources) and glucose-insulin homeostasis among youth. Caucasian children (8-10 y) with at least one obese biological parent were recruited in the QUébec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort (n = 630) and followed-up 2 y later (n = 564). Added sugars were assessed by 3 24-h dietary recalls at baseline. Two-year changes were examined in multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for baseline level, age, sex, Tanner stage, energy intake, fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and physical activity (7 d accelerometer). Added sugar intake in either liquid or solid sources was not related to changes in adiposity measures (fat mass, body mass index, or waist circumference). However, a higher consumption (10 g/d) of added sugars from liquid sources was associated with 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose, 2.3 pmol/L higher fasting insulin, 0.1 unit higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and 0.4 unit lower Matsuda-insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda-ISI) in all participants (P < 0.01). No associations were observed with consumption of added sugars from solid sources. Overweight/obese children at baseline had greater increases in adiposity indicators, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR and decreases in Matsuda-ISI during those 2 y than normal-weight children. Consumption of added sugars from liquid or solid sources was not associated with changes in adiposity, but liquid added sugars were a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance over 2 y among youth at risk of obesity.
authors.affiliation: School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, and.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paradis
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gray-Donald
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011792:Quebec; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin