title: Clinical characteristics of high-functioning youth with autism spectrum disorder and anxiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical characteristics were examined in 108 high-functioning youth (children with a full IQ scale of at least 70) with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD; aged 7-15 years) who were presenting for inclusion in one of four clinical trials examining the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in youth with ASD and anxiety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present baseline characteristics of this cohort, including prevalence rates of anxiety and comorbid disorders, and correlates of anxiety (e.g., comorbid diagnoses, impairment, anxiety severity and mental health services received) as a function of age and ASD diagnosis in treatment-seeking youth. Primary anxiety disorders were: 41.7% (n = 45) social phobia, 25.9% (n = 28) generalized anxiety disorder, 15.7% (n = 17) separation anxiety disorder, 12.0% (n = 13) obsessive-compulsive disorder and 4.6% (n = 5) specific phobia. Overall, 91.6% of participants (n = 99) met criteria for two or more anxiety disorders. Parents reported considerable functional impairment as measured by the Columbia Impairment Scale and anxiety severity as measured by the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale; this did not statistically differ as a function of ASD diagnosis or age. Anxiety severity, the number of comorbid anxiety diagnoses and total comorbid diagnoses were directly associated with parent-reported child impairment. Youth with ASD and anxiety present as a heterogeneous cohort with significant impairments and complex diagnostic presentations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide information about the nature of anxiety in youth with ASD, which may foster the development of tailored treatment protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620-7200, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ung
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehrenreich-May
authors.forename: Elysse B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Cori
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuji
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renno
authors.forename: Tanya K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: P Jane
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mutch
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Storch