title: Cancer-related cognitive changes in children, adolescents and adult survivors of childhood cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the current knowledge about 1) cognitive changes associated with central nervous system-directed chemotherapy and cranial radiation among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors and adult survivors; and 2) interventions designed to prevent or remediate the cognitive and academic problems associated with central nervous system-directed cancer treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classic and current databased publications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future directions for research include 1) identification of sources of variability in long-term outcomes; 2) greater understanding of the developmental evolution of deficits across the survivor lifespan; and 3) interventions to treat and prevent negative outcomes following cancer therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric oncology nurses have a critical role in identifying children and adolescents at risk for cognitive changes associated with cancer therapy, initiating referral for assessment of cognitive changes during and after therapy, and advocating for resources to enhance cognitive and academic outcomes.
authors.forename: Ida M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ki Moore
authors.forename: Marilyn J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hockenberry
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Krull
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Cognitive late effects; childhood and adult cancer survivors; cognitive interventions