title: Association between cannabis use, psychosis, and schizotypal personality disorder: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies to date showing an association between cannabis use and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are of relatively small sample sizes with limitations in generalizability. The present study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic-like symptoms in a large representative community sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the 2004-2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, Wave 2), a large, nationally representative sample of 34,653 adults from the United States population. We evaluated the association between lifetime cannabis use, psychosis, and schizotypal personality features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of psychosis and schizotypal personality disorder increased significantly with greater cannabis use in a dose-dependent manner. The associations between cannabis use and psychosis were 1.27 (95% CI 1.03-1.57) for lifetime cannabis use, 1.79 (95% CI 1.35-2.38) for lifetime cannabis abuse, and 3.69 (95% CI 2.49-5.47) for lifetime cannabis dependence. There was a similar dose-response relationship between the extent of cannabis use and schizotypal personality disorder (OR=2.02 for lifetime cannabis use, 95% CI 1.69-2.42; OR=2.83 for lifetime cannabis abuse, 95% CI 2.33-2.43; OR=7.32 for lifetime cannabis dependence, 95% CI 5.51-9.72). Likelihood of individual schizotypal features increased significantly with increased extent of cannabis use in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first population-based study to examine the association between lifetime cannabis use, psychosis, and schizotypal personality traits. These results add to evidence that cannabis use may be a risk factor for psychosis liability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Division on Substance Abuse, Columbia University Medical Center/NYSPI, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10032, United States. Electronic address: gpd2114@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Glen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Frances R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cannabis; Epidemiology; NESARC; Psychosis; Schizotypal