title: Papilledema due to a permanent catheter for renal dialysis and an arteriovenous fistula: a "two hit" hypothesis.
abstract: Elevated intracranial pressure in patients with chronic renal failure has several potential causes. Its rare occurrence secondary to the hemodynamic effects of hemodialysis is described and the findings support a multifactorial etiology ("two hits").
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (MAS, RET, LPF), Neurosurgery (EJD), Vascular Surgery (MAC), Neurology and Neurosciences (LPF), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Ennis J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duffis
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Roger E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Turbin
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Prestigiacomo
authors.forename: Larry P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Frohman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010211:Papilledema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed