title: Pattern formation and coarsening dynamics in three-dimensional convective mixing in porous media.
abstract: Geological carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration entails capturing and injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers for long-term storage. The injected CO2 partially dissolves in groundwater to form a mixture that is denser than the initial groundwater. The local increase in density triggers a gravitational instability at the boundary layer that further develops into columnar plumes of CO2-rich brine, a process that greatly accelerates solubility trapping of the CO2. Here, we investigate the pattern-formation aspects of convective mixing during geological CO2 sequestration by means of high-resolution three-dimensional simulation. We find that the CO2 concentration field self-organizes as a cellular network structure in the diffusive boundary layer at the top boundary. By studying the statistics of the cellular network, we identify various regimes of finger coarsening over time, the existence of a non-equilibrium stationary state, and a universal scaling of three-dimensional convective mixing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cueto-Felgueroso
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Juanes
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D005844:Geology; D060587:Groundwater; D016062:Porosity; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: CO2 sequestration; Rayleigh–Bénard instability; cellular network; non-equilibrium flow