title: Botulinum toxin type A: implications in wound healing, facial cutaneous scarring, and cleft lip repair.
abstract: Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that has been utilized to induce chemo-denervation of muscles. Cutaneous wounds represent a special situation in which the tensile forces applied by these muscles on wound edges might have deleterious effects on the healing process. The aim of this review was to investigate such an effect and to review other mechanisms this toxin might have on the healing process. We also reviewed the role of botulinum toxin in the management of hypertrophic scars and cleft lip repair.
authors.affiliation: Prof. Mohammad Al-Qattan, Department of Surgery,, Plastic and Recontructive Surgery Unit,, King Saud University,, King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box 18097, Riyadh 11415,, Saudi Arabia, mqattan@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Qattan
authors.forename: Bisher Nawras
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Al-Shanawani
authors.forename: Feras
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alshomer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A