title: Surgical management of left circumflex coronary artery fistula: a 25-year single-center experience in 29 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) fistula is rare, and surgical experience is limited. We report our experience with 29 patients with LCX fistula during a 25-year period in terms of clinical features, pathology, surgical procedure, and late outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1988 and July 2013, 29 patients (19 males, 10 females; median age, 10 years) with LCX fistula were treated surgically and followed up. Preoperative diagnosis was made echocardiographically in 29 patients and angiographically in 17. The fistula drained into the right atrium in 12, the right ventricle in 8, left atrium and left ventricle, each in 3, main pulmonary artery in 2, and coronary sinus in 1. Surgical procedure included endocardial closure in 17 patients, epicardial closure in 5, endocardial and epicardial closure in 2, suture ligation in 1, and off-pump suture ligation in 4. Postoperative anticoagulation was prescribed for at least 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no operative deaths. Complications included residual shunt in 2 patients, and LCX thrombosis, pneumothorax, hemoglobinuria, and wound infection, each in 1 patient. At the latest follow-up extending to 25 years (mean, 10.1±4.6 years), 17 patients were asymptomatic and in New York Heart Association functional class I, 4 in II and 2 in III. Residual shunt, myocardial infarction, and right atrial thrombosis occurred, each in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical repair of LCX fistula is safe and effective, with low risks and favorable late outcomes. Our experience implies the necessity for postoperative anticoagulation therapy to achieve good long-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wgma@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Guo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Han-Song
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016157:Vascular Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 23