title: "It takes a village" to support the vocabulary development of children with multiple risk factors.
abstract: Data from a nationally representative sample from Turkey (N = 1,017) were used to investigate the environmental factors that support the receptive vocabulary of 3-year-old children who differ in their developmental risk due to family low economic status and elevated maternal depressive symptoms. Children's vocabulary knowledge was strongly associated with language stimulation and learning materials in all families regardless of risk status. Maternal warmth and responsiveness supported vocabulary competence in families of low economic status only when maternal depressive symptoms were low. In families with the highest levels of risk, that is, with depression and economic distress jointly present, support by the extended family and neighbors for caring for the child protected children's vocabulary development against these adverse conditions. The empirical evidence on the positive contribution of extrafamilial support to young children's receptive vocabulary under adverse conditions allows an expansion of our current theorizing about influences on language development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Koç University.
authors.forename: Nazli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Koç University.
authors.forename: Aylin C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Küntay
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Koç University.
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yagmurlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Izmir University of Economics.
authors.forename: Nuran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aydemir
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Sciences, Ankara University.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cankaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Koç University.
authors.forename: Fatos
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Göksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Koç University.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cemalcilar
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression; D004777:Environment; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014421:Turkey; D014825:Vocabulary