title: Estradiol and tamoxifen enhance invasion of endometrial stromal cells in a three-dimensional coculture model of adenomyosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of estradiol alone or with progesterone and tamoxifen on the depth of invasion of endometrial stromal cells from women with and without adenomyosis in a three-dimensional (3D) coculture model that includes myocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-controlled, blinded comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical school department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premenopausal women with and without uterine adenomyosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human endometrial stromal and myometrial cells grown in a 3D coculture with crossover between cells from uteri with and without adenomyosis; cocultures treated with tamoxifen, estradiol alone, or estradiol with progesterone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depth of stromal cell invasion into a collagen matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depth of invasion for adenomyotic stromal cells was statistically significantly higher than for the control stromal cells, whether grown on plain collagen, on collagen containing control or adenomyotic muscle cells. The addition of estradiol or tamoxifen, but not the estradiol and progesterone combination, increased the depth of invasion of both adenomyotic stromal cells and control stromal cells in all cell combinations. When grown on plain collagen, the depth of invasion for control stromal cells and adenomyotic stromal cells increased by 126% and 93% with the use of tamoxifen, and by 71% and 50%, with the use of estradiol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both estradiol and tamoxifen enhance stromal cell invasion, but the greater depth of invasion of adenomyotic stromal cells and the enhancing effect of adenomyotic muscle were maintained under all experimental conditions, suggesting an inherent predisposition in affected women.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: aht3@le.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anthony Henry
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vijayakumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalathy
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habiba
mesh_terms: D062788:Adenomyosis / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002460:Cell Line; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Adenomyosis; myometrium; stromal cells; three-dimensional coculture; uterus