title: [The effects and its mechanism of N-arginine chitosan as transdermal enhancer].
abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the penetration effects and mechanism of N-arginine chitosan (ACS). This novel transdermal enhancer with a mimetic structure of cell-penetration peptides was synthesized by introducing hydrophilic arginine groups to the amino-group on chitosan's side chain. The structure of ACS was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and element analysis. In addition, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to study the protein conformation and the water content of stratum corneum, and the result suggested that ACS can change the orderly arrangement of the molecules in the stratum corneum, making the stack structure of keratin become loose. And ACS can increase the water content of the stratum corneurn. Inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to examine penetration effect of ACS on Hacat cell. The result confirmed that the uptake of ACS was enhanced with increased substitution degree of arginine by 4-8 folds compared to chitosan. In vitro penetration studies on three electrical types of drugs were carried out using three model drugs of negatively charged aspirin, positively charged terazosin and neutral drug isosorbide mononitrate by the method of Franz diffusion cells. The results showed that ACS has obviously penetration of the negatively charged drug aspirin, and certain penetration of neutral drug issorbide mononitrate, but inhibition of positively charged terazosin. In vivo imaging technology research results show that the ACS can significantly enhance the fluorescence intensity of morin, which is the auto-fluorescence anionic drug. These obtained results suggested that ACS, as a promising transdermal enhancer, can change the structure of the keratinocytes and analog penetrating peptides promote absorption, but have certain selectivity for the drug.
authors.affiliation: China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Yi
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zhen-Hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hui-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lü
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006801:Humans; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011224:Prazosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D004337:Drug Carriers; C041226:Terazosin; D048271:Chitosan; D001120:Arginine; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C030397:isosorbide-5-mononitrate; D001241:Aspirin; D011224:Prazosin