title: Changes in children's sleep duration on food intake, weight, and leptin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of experimental changes in children's sleep duration on self-reported food intake, food reinforcement, appetite-regulating hormones, and measured weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a within-subjects, counterbalanced, crossover design, 37 children, 8 to 11 years of age (27% overweight/obese) completed a 3-week study. Children slept their typical amount at home for 1 week and were then randomized to either increase or decrease their time in bed by 1.5 hours per night for 1 week, completing the alternate schedule on the third week. Primary outcomes were dietary intake as assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls, food reinforcement (ie, points earned for a food reward), and fasting leptin and ghrelin. The secondary outcome was child weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants achieved a 2 hour, 21 minute difference in the actigraph defined sleep period time between the increase and decrease sleep conditions (P < .001). Compared with the decrease sleep condition, during the increase condition, children reported consuming an average of 134 kcal/day less (P < .05), and exhibited lower fasting morning leptin values (P < .05). Measured weights were 0.22 kg lower during the increase sleep than the decrease sleep condition (P < .001). There were no differences in food reinforcement or in fasting ghrelin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with decreased sleep, increased sleep duration in school-age children resulted in lower reported food intake, lower fasting leptin levels, and lower weight. The potential role of sleep duration in pediatric obesity prevention and treatment warrants further study.
authors.affiliation: Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, 3223 N Broad St, Suite 175, Philadelphia, PA 19140. chantelle.hart@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Chantelle N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carskadon
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Considine
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Hollie A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Raynor
authors.forename: Elissa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jelalian
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wing
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D012201:Reward; D057566:Self Report; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin
keywords: 24-hour dietary recall; food intake; food reinforcement; ghrelin; leptin; sleep duration; weight