title: Microbials for the production of monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments represent the most important biopharmaceutical products today. Because full length antibodies are glycosylated, mammalian cells, which allow human-like N-glycosylation, are currently used for their production. However, mammalian cells have several drawbacks when it comes to bioprocessing and scale-up, resulting in long processing times and elevated costs. By contrast, antibody fragments, that are not glycosylated but still exhibit antigen binding properties, can be produced in microbial organisms, which are easy to manipulate and cultivate. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the expression systems, strain engineering, and production processes for the three main microbials used in antibody and antibody fragment production, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, and Escherichia coli.
authors.affiliation: Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Spadiut
authors.affiliation: Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capone
authors.affiliation: Graz University of Technology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krainer
authors.affiliation: Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glieder
authors.affiliation: Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: christoph.herwig@tuwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herwig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057005:Bioengineering; D002460:Cell Line; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D010843:Pichia; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: antibody fragment; mammalian cell; microbial organism; monoclonal antibody; recombinant protein production