title: Training status and sex influence on senescent T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to acute maximal exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigate training status and sex effects on the redistribution of senescent and naïve T-lymphocytes following acute exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen (8 male, 8 female) trained (18.3±1.7yr) soccer players (Tr) and sixteen (8 male, 8 female) untrained (19.3±2.0yr) controls (UTr) performed a treadmill running test to volitional exhaustion. Blood lymphocytes were isolated before (Pre), immediately post, and 1-h post-exercise for assessment of cell surface expression of CD28 and CD57 on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subsets. Plasma was used to determine cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise elicited a redistribution of T-lymphocyte subsets. Senescent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes increased by 42.4% and 45.9% respectively, while naïve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes decreased by 8.7% and 22.5% respectively in response to exercise. A main effect (P<0.05) of training status was observed for senescent CD4(+), CD8(+) and naïve CD8(+) T-lymphocytes: UTr had a higher proportion of senescent and a lower proportion of naïve CD8(+) T-lymphocytes than Tr. A main effect (P<0.05) of sex was observed in senescent CD4(+), CD8(+) and naïve CD4(+), CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. Males had a higher proportion of senescent and lower proportion of naïve T-lymphocytes than females. A sex-by-training status interaction (P<0.05) was observed for the senescent and naïve CD4(+) T-lymphocytes (but not CD8(+)) with the highest percentage of senescent and lowest percentage of naïve T-lymphocytes observed in UTr males. CMV exerted a significant main covariate effect (P<0.05) in the senescent and naïve (P<0.05) CD8(+) T-lymphocytes but not in the senescent and naïve CD4(+) T-lymphocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights important sex and training status differences in the senescent and naïve T-lymphocyte redistribution in response to exercise that warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Frankie F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Austin B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bigley
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sherry
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Oliver C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Witard
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: s.d.r.galloway@stir.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stuart D R
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Galloway
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CD4(+) T-lymphocytes; CD8(+) T-lymphocytes; Immunosurveillance; Trained; Untrained