title: Recognizing and managing complications in blepharoplasty.
abstract: The goal of this article is to enhance the surgical precision and accuracy of surgeons performing upper and lower eyelid blepharoplasty. The most common blepharoplasty complications are described and how to avoid them is discussed in detail. Complications range from mild to severe and for each, preoperative measures to prevent, perioperative measures to avoid, and postoperative measures to minimize complications are detailed. After reading this article the surgeon should have a greater understanding of blepharoplasty complications and how to best manage and avoid them.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California at San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Whipple
authors.forename: Bobby S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: Don O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Complications; Cosmetic blepharoplasty; Dry eye; Exposure keratopathy; Eyelid retraction; Lower eyelid blepharoplasty; Upper eyelid blepharoplasty