title: Proteome studies of bacterial antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
abstract: Ever since antibiotics were used to help humanity battle infectious diseases, microorganisms straight away fought back. Antibiotic resistance mechanisms indeed provide microbes with possibilities to by-pass and survive the action of antibiotic drugs. Several methods have been employed to identify these microbial resistance mechanisms in an ongoing effort to reduce the steadily increasing number of treatment failures due to multi-drug-resistant microbes. Proteomics has evolved to an important tool for this area of research. Following rapid advances in whole genome sequencing, proteomic technologies have been widely used to investigate microbial gene expression. This review highlights the contribution of proteomics in identifying microbial drug resistance mechanisms. It summarizes different proteomic studies on bacteria resistant to different antibiotic drugs. The review further includes an overview of the methodologies used, as well as lists key proteins identified, thus providing the reader not only a summary of research already done, but also directions for future research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Public Health of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
authors.forename: Iosif
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vranakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goniotakis
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Public Health of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece; Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Psaroulaki
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Public Health of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sandalakis
authors.affiliation: Regional Laboratory of Public Health of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tselentis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gevaert
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, GR-71003 Voutes, Greece. Electronic address: Tsiotis@chemistry.uoc.gr.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsiotis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; COFRADIC; MS-driven proteomics; Quantitative proteomics