title: Gender trends in radiation oncology in the United States: a 30-year analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although considerable research exists regarding the role of women in the medical profession in the United States, little work has described the participation of women in academic radiation oncology. We examined women's participation in authorship of radiation oncology literature, a visible and influential activity that merits specific attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the gender of first and senior US physician-authors of articles published in the Red Journal in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2004, 2010, and 2012. The significance of trends over time was evaluated using logistic regression. Results were compared with female representation in journals of general medicine and other major medical specialties. Findings were also placed in the context of trends in the representation of women among radiation oncology faculty and residents over the past 3 decades, using Association of American Medical Colleges data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of women among Red Journal first authors increased from 13.4% in 1980 to 29.7% in 2012, and the proportion among senior authors increased from 3.2% to 22.6%. The proportion of women among radiation oncology full-time faculty increased from 11% to 26.7% from 1980 to 2012. The proportion of women among radiation oncology residents increased from 27.1% to 33.3% from 1980 to 2010.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female first and senior authorship in the Red Journal has increased significantly, as has women's participation among full-time faculty, but women remain underrepresented among radiation oncology residents compared with their representation in the medical student body. Understanding such trends is necessary to develop appropriately targeted interventions to improve gender equity in radiation oncology.
authors.affiliation: Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Awad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Egleston
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.affiliation: Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eastwick
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takita
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: rjagsi@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jagsi
mesh_terms: D001319:Authorship; D015706:Bibliometrics; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States