title: The spread of type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in North America: a phylogeographic approach.
abstract: The emergence and spread of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (Type 2 PRRSV) in North America is heavily influenced by the multiple site production system used in the hog industry. However, it is unclear how anthropogenic factors such has this have shaped the current spatial distribution of PRRSV genotypes. We employed Bayesian phylogeographic analyses of 7040 ORF5 sequences to reveal the recent geographical spread of Type 2 PRRSV in North America. The directions and intensities in our inferred virus traffic network closely mirror the hog transportation. Most notably, we reveal multiple viral introductions from Canada into the United States causing a major shift in virus genetic composition in the Midwest USA that went unnoticed by the regular surveillance and field epidemiological studies. Overall, these findings provide important insights into the dynamics of Type 2 PRRSV evolution and spread that will facilitate programs for control and prevention.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Emerging Infections & Biosecurity Institute, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Mang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemey
authors.forename: Manreetpal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh Brar
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Suchard
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Murtaugh
authors.forename: Susy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carman
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Allaire
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delisle
authors.forename: Marie-Ève
authors.initials: MÈ
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Yihan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Dongwan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chi-Ching Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D058974:Phylogeography; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C114789:glycoprotein 5, PRRSV
keywords: Evolution; Molecular epidemiology; PRRSV; Phylogeography; Recombination