title: Heart valve disease: the role of calcidiol deficiency, elevated parathyroid hormone levels and oxidative stress in mitral and aortic valve insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelia, intima, and connective tissues comprise the heart valves, but the relationship between heart valve damage, the pathogenesis of valve degeneration, and vitamin D, oxidative stress remains unclear. Here, we assessed serum 25(OH) vitamin D (calcidiol), parathormone (PTH), and redox balance in patients with mitral valve regurgitation (MR) and aortic valve regurgitation (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study includes 56 chronic heart valve disease (HVD) patients. Patients were diagnosed with MR or AR depending on the echocardiographic findings. Also, 40 sex-matched healthy control participants were enrolled for comparison. Serum calcidiol, PTH, total oxidative status (TOS), and total antioxidative capacity were measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with HVD demonstrated significantly higher PTH, increased TOS and OSI, and a higher frequency of calcidiol deficiency than the control participants. Calcidiol and TOS were negatively correlated (r = -0.29; P <0.005), as were calcidiol and OSI (r = -0.413; P = 0.001). PTH and OSI were positively correlated (r = 0.22; P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency and secondary increases in PTH are highly prevalent. Heart valve regurgitation (AR and MR) is correlated to oxidative stress and hypovitaminosis D.
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: Hamit Yasar
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ellidag
authors.forename: Yesim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cekin
authors.forename: Raif Umut
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Ayoglu
authors.forename: Ali Osman
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Sekercioglu
authors.forename: Necat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002112:Calcifediol
keywords: Heart valve disease; Oxidative stress; Parathormone; Vitamin D