title: The pattern and distribution of retinal breaks in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify which presenting features of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) suggest the presence of multiple retinal breaks and to ascertain relevant patterns in retinal break location.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational single-center case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data from 851 eyes undergoing surgery for RRD between January 2001 and September 2011. Data recorded included patient demographics; extent of RRD; and the size, location, and number of retinal breaks. Statistical regression was used to identify risk factors for the presence of multiple breaks and to analyze patterns in break location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 851 patients, 7 patients were excluded because of insufficient data. Of 844 patients analyzed, 60% were male. The mean age was 62 years. Three hundred twenty-eight eyes (38.9%) had solitary breaks, whereas 58.8% had breaks in more than 1 quadrant. The superotemporal (ST) quadrant was involved most frequently (582 eyes; 69%). The superonasal and inferotemporal quadrants were involved in 341 (40%) and 274 (32%) eyes, respectively. The inferonasal (IN) quadrant was involved the least frequently (144 eyes; 17%). Of 328 eyes with only 1 break, it was most likely to be in the ST quadrant (182 eyes; 55%) and least likely to be in the IN quadrant (19 eyes; 6%). The risk of having multiple breaks was highest for patients with inferior breaks. Eyes with an IN quadrant break were almost twice as likely to harbor further breaks compared with eyes with an ST quadrant break. Vitreous hemorrhage at presentation was associated with larger breaks. ST quadrant breaks were most likely to be detached (92%), whereas IN quadrant breaks were least likely to be detached (60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ST quadrant is the most likely location for retinal breaks, the most frequently involved quadrant in eyes with solitary breaks, and has the highest proportion of detached breaks. By contrast, the IN quadrant is the least likely location for a break, the least frequently involved quadrant in eyes with solitary breaks, and the most likely location for attached breaks. The presence of an inferior (especially IN quadrant) retinal break should raise suspicion that the eye harbors further breaks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Manoharan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shunmugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anish N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Pirro G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hysi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: retinasurgery.co.uk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tom H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D012591:Scleral Buckling; D014821:Vitrectomy