title: N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide produces profound inhibition of c-Fos protein and mRNA expression in the brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.
abstract: Chronic pain and cognitive decline are characteristic symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. One of the immediate early gene c-fos is overexpressed during peripheral and central noxious conditions and can be used as a marker for neuronal activity/excitability. In the adjuvant-induced arthritis Sprague-Dawley rat model, we examined the dynamics of c-Fos protein and mRNA expression in the amygdala, cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus and evaluated the effects of N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide (NA-2), a derivative of salicylic acid. The paw volume was assessed as an indicator of peripheral edema and the hyperalgesia associated with arthritis was monitored by gait analysis. The region of interests of the brain from arthritic and non-arthritic animals were used to isolate the RNA and were then reverse transcribed into cDNA. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 1% agarose gel and the gels were visualized in gel-doc system. The frozen brain sections were stained for c-Fos using immunohistochemistry. Negative control experiments were performed without the primary and secondary antibodies to rule out the nonspecific tissue binding of antibodies. We report a significant increase in the c-Fos expression in the arthritic control animals. In comparison to the control group, the treatment of NA-2 treatment was found to block the development of the arthritis-induced c-Fos protein and mRNA expression and peripheral edema. It also significantly reduces the gait deficits which were otherwise observed in the arthritic control group. Both the immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis revealed NA-2 to be more potent in comparison to member of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Huma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jawed
authors.forename: Siddiqua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamall
authors.forename: Syed Uzair A
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Kahkashan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perveen
authors.forename: Farina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.forename: Shabana U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Simjee
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D005684:Gait; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; C047799:2-hydroxyacetanilide; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D007213:Indomethacin