title: Cytotoxic effect against 3T3 fibroblasts cells of saffron floral bio-residues extracts.
abstract: For every kilogram of saffron spice produced, about 63 kg of floral bio-residues (FB) (tepals, stamens and styles) are thrown away. Extracts of these bio-residues in water (W1), water:HCl (100:1, v/v) (W2), ethanol (E3), ethanol:HCl (100:1, v/v) (E4), dichloromethane (D5) and hexane (H6) were prepared. Their composition in flavonols and anthocyanins, and their effect on cell viability were determined. W1 was the richest in kaempferol 3-sophoroside (30.34 mg/g dry FB) and delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside (15.98 mg/g dry FB). The highest tested concentration (900 μg/ml) of W1, W2, E4, D5 and H6 did not significantly decrease the cell viability. Only E3 at that concentration caused a significant decrease of 38% in the cell viability. Therefore, all extracts studied are not cytotoxic at concentrations lower than 900 μg/ml, and W1 is proposed as the optimal for food applications due to its greater contribution of phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Department of Food Science, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia University, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jéssica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano-Díaz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estevan
authors.forename: M Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Sogorb
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: Gonzalo L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilanova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D027622:Crocus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide; Cell viability; Crocus sativus L.; D3,5-diG; D3-G; Delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside; Flower waste; HCl; I3,4′-diG; K; K3-G; K3-R; K3-S; K3-S-7G; Kaempferol 3-sophoroside; M3,5-diG; MTT; P3,5-diG; PBS; Phenolic composition; Q3-S; TAC; TFA; TPC; delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside; delphinidin 3-glucoside; hydrochloric acid; isorhamnetin 3,4′-diglucoside; kaempferol; kaempferol 3-glucoside; kaempferol 3-rutinoside; kaempferol 3-sophoroside; kaempferol 3-sophoroside-7-glucoside; malvidin 3,5-diglucoside; petunidin 3,5-diglucoside; phosphate buffered saline; quercetin 3-sophoroside; total anthocyanin content; total phenolic content; trifluoroacetic acid