title: Mental disorders across the adult life course and future coronary heart disease: evidence for general susceptibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders have been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is unclear whether this association between mental health and CHD is present across a wider range of mental disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were 1 107 524 Swedish men conscripted at a mean age of 18.3 years. Mental disorders were assessed by psychiatric interview on conscription, and data on hospital admissions for mental disorder and CHD were obtained from national registers during 22.6 years of follow-up. An increased risk of incident CHD was evident across a range of mental disorders whether diagnosed at conscription or on later hospital admission. Age-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) according to diagnoses at conscription ranged from 1.30 (1.05, 1.62) (depressive disorders) to 1.90 (1.58, 2.38) (alcohol-related disorders). [corrected]. The equivalent figures according to diagnoses during hospital admission ranged from 1.49 (1.24-1.80) (schizophrenia) to 2.82 (2.53-3.13) (other substance use disorders). Associations were little changed by adjustment for parental socioeconomic status, or body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and blood pressure measured at conscription, but they were partially attenuated by the adjustment for smoking, alcohol intake, and intelligence measured at conscription, and for education and own socioeconomic position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased risk of incident CHD is present across a range of mental disorders and is observable when the disorders are diagnosed at a young age.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (C.R.G., G.D.B.); MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (C.R.G.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK (G.D.B.); University College London Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, London, UK (D.P.J.O.); Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (P.T., F.R.); and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Stockholm County Council, Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden (P.T., F.R.).
authors.forename: Catharine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: David P J
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tynelius
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cohort studies; epidemiology; heart diseases; men; mental disorders