title: Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on offspring overweight in early infancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with anthropometry in the offspring from birth to 12 months old in Tianjin, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2009 and 2011, health care records of 38,539 pregnant women had been collected, and their children had been measured body weight and length at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. The independent and joint associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG based on the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines with anthropometry in the offspring were examined using General Linear Model and Logistic Regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prepregnancy BMI and maternal GWG were positively associated with Z-scores for birth weight-for-gestational age, birth length-for-gestational age, and birth weight-for-length. Infants born to mothers with excessive GWG had the greatest changes in Z-scores for weight-for-age from birth to Month 3, and from Month 6 to Month 12, and the greatest changes in Z-scores for length-for-age from birth to months 3 and 12 compared with infants born to mothers with adequate GWG. Excessive GWG was associated with an increased risk of offspring overweight or obesity at 12 months old in all BMI categories except underweight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG were associated with greater weight gain and length gain of offspring in early infancy. Excessive GWG was associated with increased infancy overweight and obesity risk.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China ; Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Enqing
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Baojuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gongshu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D050177:Overweight / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015430:Weight Gain