title: HIV prevalence and related risk behaviours among female sex workers in Iran: results of the national biobehavioural survey, 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of HIV and related behavioural risks among Iranian female sex workers (FSW) via the first national biobehavioural surveillance survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2010, 1005 FSW were approached and 872 recruited using facility-based sampling from 21 sites in 14 cities in Iran. We collected dried blood samples and conducted face-to-face interviews using a standardised questionnaire. Data were weighted based on the response rate and adjusted for the clustering effect of the sampling site. Adjustment was performed by weighting based on the sampling fraction of each site using a prior estimate of its total size of the FSW population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HIV infection (95% CI) was 4.5% (2.4 to 8.3) overall, 4.8% (2.2 to 9.8) among those who had reported a history of drug use and 11.2% (5.4 to 21.5) among those who had a history of injection drug use. The frequencies of condom use in the last sexual act with paying clients and non-paying partners were 57.1% and 36.3%, respectively. Any drug use was reported by 73.8% of participants, and among this subgroup, 20.5% had a history of injection drug use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HIV was considerable among FSW particularly those who had a history of drug injection. A combination of prevention efforts addressing unsafe sex and injection are needed to prevent further transmission of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Regional Knowledge Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, , Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Leily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sajadi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirzazadeh
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navadeh
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osooli
authors.forename: Razieh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khajehkazemi
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gouya
authors.forename: Noushin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fahimfar
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.forename: Ali-Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Haghdoost
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D040261:Harm Reduction; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008691:Methadone
keywords: Condoms; Drug Misuse; HIV