title: Contingent electrical stimulation inhibits jaw muscle activity during sleep but not pain intensity or masticatory muscle pressure pain threshold in self-reported bruxers: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of contingent electrical stimulation (CES) on present pain intensity (PI), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and electromyographic events per hour of sleep (EMG/h) on probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study enrolled 15 probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain in 3 phases: (1) baseline EMG/h recording, (2) biofeedback treatment using a CES paradigm (active group, n = 7) or inactive device (control group, n = 8), and (3) posttreatment EMG/h recording. PI and PPT were assessed after each phase. Analysis of variance models were used to compare results at a 5% significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the active group had 35% lower EMG/h in P2 and 38.4% lower EMG/h in P3, when compared with baseline. There were no differences in PI or PPT levels at any phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CES could reduce EMG activity associated with sleep bruxism in patients with masticatory myofascial pain but did not influence perceived pain.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: pcconti@fob.usp.br.
authors.forename: Paulo César R
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Doctorate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stuginski-Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Professor, Departament of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bonjardim
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Professor, Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), MindLab, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020186:Sleep Bruxism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires