title: Different etiologies of acquired torticollis in childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Torticollis can be congenital or may be acquired in childhood. Acquired torticollis occurs because of another problem and usually presents in previously normal children. The causes of acquired torticollis include ligamentous, muscular, osseous, ocular, psychiatric, and neurologic disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We performed this study to evaluate the underlying causes of torticollis in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten children presented with complaints of torticollis between April 2007 and April 2012 were enrolled in this study. The additional findings of physical examination included neck pain, twisted neck, walking disorder, imbalance, and vomiting The identified etiologies of the enrolled children was acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a 2.5-year-old boy, posterior fossa tumor in a 10-month-old boy, spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a 5-year-old hemophiliac boy, cervical osteoblastoma in a 3-year-old boy, arachnoid cyst located at posterior fossa in a 16-month-old boy, aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery in a 6-year-old girl, pontine glioma in a 10-year-old girl, and a psychogenic torticollis in a 7-year-old boy were presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a wide differential diagnosis for a patient with torticollis, not just neurological in etiology which should be considered in any patient with acquired torticollis. Moreover, early diagnosis of etiological disease will reduce mortality and morbidity. Therefore, clinicians managing children with torticollis must be vigilant about underlying neurological complications.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri, Turkey, huseyinper@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Per
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canpolat
authors.forename: Abdülfettah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tümtürk
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gumuş
authors.forename: Abdulkerim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gokoglu
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yikilmaz
authors.forename: Sevgi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özmen
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaçar Bayram
authors.forename: Hatice Gamze
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Poyrazoğlu
authors.forename: Sefer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumandas
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtsoy
mesh_terms: D016080:Arachnoid Cysts / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D046748:Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D015192:Infratentorial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008382:Marfan Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D018215:Osteoblastoma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014103:Torticollis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy