title: Racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No studies have comprehensively examined the prevalence of dyslipidemia, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, among diverse racial/ethnic minority groups. The primary aim of this study was to identify racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia among minorities including Asian Americans (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese), Mexican Americans, and blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a 3-year cross section (2008-2011), we identified 169 430 active primary care patients (35 years or older) from an outpatient healthcare organization in northern California. Age-standardized prevalence rates were calculated for 3 dyslipidemia subtypes: high triglycerides (fasting laboratory value ≥150 mg/dL), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (fasting laboratory value <40 mg/dL [men] and <50 mg/dL [women]), and high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (fasting laboratory value ≥130 mg/dL or taking low-density lipoprotein-lowering agents). Odds ratios were calculated by multivariable logistic regression, with adjustment for patient characteristics (age, measured body mass index, smoking). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, every minority subgroup had an increased prevalence of high triglycerides except blacks. Most minority groups had an increased prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, except for Japanese and blacks. The prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased among Asian Indians, Filipinos, Japanese, and Vietnamese compared with non-Hispanic whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minority groups, except for blacks, were more likely to have high triglyceride/low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol dyslipidemia. Further research is needed to determine how racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia affect racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease rates.
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA (A.T.H.F., B.Z., P.O.J., K.M.J.A., L.P.P.) and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research Northwest, Portland, OR (S.P.F.).
authors.forename: Ariel T H
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Beinan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Powell O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.forename: Kristen M J
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fortmann
authors.forename: Latha P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Palaniappan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian / Q000208:ethnology*; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology*; D002140:California / Q000208:ethnology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: epidemiology; hyperlipoproteinemias; lipids; lipoproteins; pharmaceutical preparations; risk factors