title: "If two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch?" tDCS over the left frontal region modulates tongue twister repetition in healthy subjects.
abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates cortical activity in the human brain. In the language domain, it has already been shown that during a naming task tDCS reduces vocal reaction times in healthy individuals and speeds up the recovery process in left brain-damaged aphasic subjects. In this study, we wondered whether tDCS would influence the ability to articulate tongue twisters during a repetition task. Three groups of 10 healthy individuals were asked to repeat a list of tongue twisters in three different stimulation conditions: one group performed the task during anodal tDCS (atDCS) (20 min, 2 mA) over the left frontal region; a second group during cathodal tDCS delivered over the same region; and, in a third group, sham stimulation was applied. Accuracy and vocal reaction times in repeating each tongue twister before, during and 1h after the stimulation were recorded. Participants were more accurate and faster at repeating the stimuli during atDCS than at baseline, while cathodal tDCS significantly reduced their performance in terms of accuracy and reaction times. No significant differences were observed among the three time points during the sham condition. We believe that these data clearly confirm that the left frontal region is critically involved in the process of speech repetition. They are also in line with recent evidence suggesting that frontal tDCS might be used as a therapeutic tool in patients suffering from articulatory deficits.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiori
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cipollari
authors.affiliation: Università di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caltagirone
authors.affiliation: Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy. Electronic address: p.marangolo@univpm.it.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marangolo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
keywords: anodal tDCS; articulation; atDCS; frontal region; language recovery; repetition; tDCS; transcranial direct current stimulation