title: An alternative protocol for Plasmodium falciparum culture synchronization and a new method for synchrony confirmation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the Percoll/sorbitol synchronization method is widely accepted, its use for achieving tight synchronizations is cumbersome. In addition, subsequent conclusions on the synchrony status are often based on visual inspection of parasites and few reports provide an unbiased estimate confirming the degree of synchrony. This report presents a simpler synchronization procedure and offers an objective method to validate parasite synchrony.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parasite synchronization was performed by culturing late-stage schizont parasites for a defined period of time, subjecting them to Percoll density centrifugations, and collecting the newly formed rings. Repeating the process several times on the un-egressed schizonts maximizes the recovery of several synchronized ring-stage parasite populations. The culture synchrony for each population was verified by allowing the synchronized rings to mature to late-stage schizonts and collecting ring-stage sample aliquots at three-hour intervals for nine hours. The aliquots were then measured, using the SyBr Green I assay, to determine when the ring-stage parasitaemia stops increasing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative measurements of ring-stage parasites showed that under the conditions described, a four to six-hour synchrony period is obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By taking advantage of Plasmodium's periodic lifecycle in erythrocytes, it is shown that Percoll density centrifugation alone is sufficient to tightly synchronize cultures with minimal parasite loss. In addition, the degree of culture synchrony is validated using the SyBr Green I assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. rac298@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Ronnie A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Channe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.forename: Liwang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002455:Cell Division; D002498:Centrifugation / Q000379:methods; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D010274:Parasitology / Q000379:methods*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*