title: [Formation process of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct trichloronitromethane in drinking water and its influencing factors].
abstract: A novel method is described in this paper, which uses methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as extractant and 1,2-dibromopropane as internal standard for the determination of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct trichloronitromethane (TCNM) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The formation process of TCNM and its influencing factors were evaluated with methylamine as the precursor during chlorination. The results indicated that the TCNM amount produced under alkaline condition was higher than those produced under the neutral and acidic conditions, and the TCNM amount increased with the increase of pH value. It was found that the TCNM amount increased with the increase of chlorine addition when the chlorine dosage was in the range of 2-8 mmol x L(-1). However, the TCNM amount was reduced when the chlorine dosage was enhanced from 8 mmol x L(-1) to 12 mmol x L(-1), under which conditions the concentration of free chlorine was higher and methylamine was turned into nitriles and aldehydes through other reactions. It was also found that the TCNM amount increased with the increase of methylamine addition when the methylamine dosage was in the range of 0.5-4 mmol x L(-1). Temperature was another important factor that affected the TCNM formation from methylamine especially in the range of 10-30 degrees C and the higher the temperature, the more the TCNM amount produced. The formation process of TCNM from methylamine by chlorination was in accordance with the mechanism of an electrophilic reaction, in which HClO and ClO(-) could be used as the electrophilic reagents to attack methylamine and then to form TCNM.
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China. dingcs99@163.com
authors.forename: Chun-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Bang-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Yang-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jia-Chen
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D054879:Halogenation; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D060766:Drinking Water; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D002713:Chlorine; C100187:chloropicrin; D009584:Nitrogen