title: Reciprocal relations between children's sleep and their adjustment over time.
abstract: Child sleep and adjustment research with community samples is on the rise with a recognized need of explicating this association. We examined reciprocal relations between children's sleep and their internalizing and externalizing symptoms using 3 waves of data spanning 5 years. Participants included 176 children at Time 1 (M = 8.68 years; 69% European American, 31% African American), 141 children at Time 2 (M = 10.70 years), and 113 children at Time 3 (M = 13.60 years). Children were from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Sleep was measured subjectively via self-reports and objectively via actigraphy and adjustment was assessed with parent and child reports. Cross-lagged panel models indicated that reduced sleep duration and worse sleep quality predicted greater depression, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms over time. To a lesser extent but supportive of reciprocal relations, adjustment predicted changes in sleep. Findings illustrate the reciprocal nature of relations between sleep and adjustment difficulties in otherwise typically developing youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Sheikh
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology