title: Effect of ethnicity on live birth rates after in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between the ethnicity of women and the clinical success of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (NURTURE), UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1517 women, of which 1291 were white Europeans and 226 belonged to an ethnic minority group. All the women were undergoing their first cycle of assisted reproductive technology (ART) between 2006 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the women underwent their first cycle of ART between 2006 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Live birth rates following IVF or ICSI treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although pre-treatment ovarian reserve variables [mean age, basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and total antral follicle count] were significantly favourable in the ethnic group, the live birth rates were significantly lower in this group (35%) compared with the white European group (43.8%) (relative risk 0.8; 95% CI 0.66-0.97). On logistic regression analysis, ethnicity was an independent predictor of live birth rate (OR 0.688; 95% CI 0.513-0.924). After controlling for the other independent variables (age and FSH), the significant association between ethnicity and live birth rate remained strong (OR 0.591; 95% CI 0.425-0.822) on multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Live birth rates following IVF or ICSI treatment were significantly lower in the ethnic minority group compared with white European women, which suggests that ethnicity is a major determinant of live birth following IVF treatment.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (NURTURE), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Derby Fertility Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jayaprakasan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pandian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hopkisson
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Maalouf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D000367:Age Factors; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001723:Birth Rate / Q000208:ethnology*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D050498:Live Birth / Q000208:ethnology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: ART births; ICSI; IVF; assisted conception; embryo; ethnic background; infertility