title: Risk factors for ocular surface squamous neoplasia recurrence after treatment with topical mitomycin C and interferon alpha-2b.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of recurrence and associated risk factors after the use of mitomycin C (MMC), interferon alpha-2b, or both for management of noninvasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical practice setting of 135 patients treated consecutively with topical MMC (0.4 mg/mL), interferon alpha-2b (1 million units/mL), or both for OSSN observed for clinical recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical recurrences were diagnosed in 19 (14.1%) of 135 eyes after topical treatment. The mean time to recurrence was 17.2 months (range, 4 to 61 months), with 14 eyes (73.7%) recurring within a 2-year period. There was no greater risk of recurrence identified for variables including lesion size, lesion location, gender, age, treatment type, or treatment duration. Post hoc log-rank pairwise comparisons revealed that lesions initially treated using surgery alone had significantly reduced time to recurrence (21.1 ± 5.6 months) compared with previous topical treatment with MMC (with or without surgery; 29.6 ± 4.7 months; P = .04) and primary OSSN (23.2 ± 1.8 months; P = .09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical MMC and interferon alpha-2b are an effective treatment method for a wide range of noninvasive OSSNs. Topical therapy avoids the morbidity of excisional surgery with equivalent or reduced recurrence rates and should be considered as primary therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, City Eye Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Besley
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, City Eye Centre, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Juanita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pappalardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, City Eye Centre, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: eye@cityeye.com.au.
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, The Australian Pterygium Centre, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Lawrence W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hirst
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016685:Mitomycin