title: Short-term estradiol supplementation potentiates low-dose ghrelin action in the presence of GHRH or somatostatin in older women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ghrelin is a potent gastric-derived GH-releasing peptide. How ghrelin interacts with sex steroids, GHRH, and somatostatin (SS) is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to test the hypotheses that ghrelin's interactions with GHRH (synergistic) and SS (disinhibitory) are ghrelin dose-dependent and amplified by estrogen. SUBJECTS, SETTING, AND DESIGN: Healthy postmenopausal women were treated with placebo (n=12) or 17β-estradiol (E2) (n=12) at the Center for Translational Science Activities in a randomized double-blind prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ghrelin dose-dependence was assessed by nonlinear curve fitting of the relationship between deconvolved GH secretory-burst mass and 5 randomly ordered ghrelin doses (0, 0.03, 0.135, 0.6, and 2.7 μg/kg bolus iv) during saline, GHRH, and SS infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under placebo, neither GHRH nor SS altered the ED50 of ghrelin (range 0.64-0.67 μg/kg). Under E2 (median E2 88 pg/mL), the ED50 of ghrelin declined in the presence of GHRH to 0.52 μg/kg. In contrast, the efficacy of ghrelin rose markedly during GHRH vs saline exposure with and without E2: placebo and saline 52±1.0 vs GHRH 173±3.8 μg/L; and E2 and saline 56±0.90 vs GHRH 174±3.7 μg/L. Sensitivity to ghrelin was similar under all conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term E2 supplementation in postmenopausal women reduces the ED50 (increases the potency) of ghrelin when GHRH is present, without altering ghrelin efficacy (maximal effect) or hypothalamo-pituitary sensitivity (slope of dose response) to ghrelin. The data suggest possible physiological interactions among sex steroids (endogenous), ghrelin, and GHRH during E2 replacement in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Unit (C.N., S.M.W., J.R.W., D.E., J.M.M., J.D.V.), Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (N.R.), Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Portsmouth, Virginia 23708; and Tulane University Health Sciences Center (C.Y.B.), Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Peptide Research Section, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rollene
authors.forename: Suanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Weist
authors.forename: Jean R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wigham
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Cyril Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Johannes D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Veldhuis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D010919:Placebos; D004958:Estradiol; D013004:Somatostatin; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone