title: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for normal cervical cytology in low-risk women aged 30-65 years by family physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess ordering of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for normal cervical cytology among low-risk women aged 30 to 65 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audits of 833 cytology request forms for low-risk women completing a Papanicolaou smear, from January 2008 to April 2011, from 5 Michigan family medicine clinics determined HPV orders completed by the clinician performing the Papanicolaou smear. Multivariate logistic regression models examined differences in HPV test ordering by patient age at Papanicolaou test, provider status and sex, and clinic across sites. A Poisson regression model analyzed the annual number of HPV test orders over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytology requests were completed by 622 faculty (75%), 169 residents/fellows (20%), and 42 nurse practitioner/physician assistants (NP/PAs) (5%). HPV testing for any cytology result was ordered on 324 request forms (39%) by residents/fellows (48%), faculty (38%), and NP/PAs (10%). Female providers were twice as likely as men to order HPV testing for any cytology result across all clinics and provider statuses (P < .001). There were significant differences in HPV test ordering among clinics. Between 2008 and 2011 annual cytology requests increased 46%, including HPV testing for any cytology result after adjusting for faculty provider sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV test ordering when cytology is collected varied by clinic and provider status and sex. HPV co-testing for any cytology result remains modest, but is increasing over time in these clinics.
authors.affiliation: the Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Maria Syl D
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de la Cruz
authors.forename: Alisa P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Mack T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ruffin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003127:Colposcopy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D010821:Physicians, Family; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Diagnostic Use; Human Papilloma Virus DNA Probes; Mass Screening; Vaginal Smears