title: Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objectives were to study the effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement and the expression of inflammatory markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adults with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were divided into control and experimental groups. The control group did not receive micro-osteoperforations, and the experimental group received micro-osteoperforations on 1 side of the maxilla. Both maxillary canines were retracted, and movement was measured after 28 days. The activity of inflammatory markers was measured in gingival crevicular fluid using an antibody-based protein assay. Pain and discomfort were monitored with a numeric rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Micro-osteoperforations significantly increased the rate of tooth movement by 2.3-fold; this was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of inflammatory markers. The patients did not report significant pain or discomfort during or after the procedure, or any other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Micro-osteoperforation is an effective, comfortable, and safe procedure to accelerate tooth movement and significantly reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Associate professor and director, Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Mani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alikhani
authors.forename: Markos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raptis
authors.forename: Billie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zoldan
authors.forename: Chinapa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sangsuwon
authors.forename: Yoo B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bandar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alyami
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corpodian
authors.forename: Luz M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alansari
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000032:analysis; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000032:analysis; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha