title: EpiReview: Typhoid fever, NSW, 2005-2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in the incidence of typhoid fever in NSW to inform the development of prevention strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Typhoid fever case notification data for the period 2005-2011 were extracted from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System. Population incidence rates were calculated and analysed by demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 250 case notifications of typhoid fever in NSW from 2005 to 2011, of which 240 are likely to have been acquired overseas. Case notifications remained relatively stable over the review period with the highest rates in Western Sydney Local Health District (10.9 per 100,000 population). Two-thirds (66.4%) of all case notifications are likely to have been acquired in South Asia, and about half of overseas-acquired case notifications were most likely to have been associated with travel to visit friends and relatives. Hospitalisation was required for 79.6% of cases where hospitalisation status was known. Prior typhoid vaccination was reported in 7% of cases in 2010 and 2011 where vaccination status was known.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While typhoid fever rates remain low in NSW, case notifications of this preventable infection continue to be reported, particularly in travellers visiting friends and relatives in South Asia. Further research to better understand barriers to the use of preventive measures may be useful in targeting typhoid fever prevention messages in high-risk groups, particularly South Asian communities in NSW.
authors.affiliation: NSW Public Health Officer Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health.
authors.forename: Praveena
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunaratnam
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seale
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D016358:Contact Tracing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult