title: Assessment of limb muscle strength in critically ill patients: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the reliability of volitional and nonvolitional limb muscle strength assessment in critically ill patients and to provide guidelines for the implementation of limb muscle strength assessment this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following computerized bibliographic databases were searched with MeSH terms and keywords or combinations: MEDLINE through PubMed and Embase through Embase.com.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were screened by two independent reviewers. Included studies were all performed in humans and were original articles. The research population exists of adult, critically ill patients or ICU survivors of either sex, and those admitted to a medical, surgical, respiratory, or mixed ICU. A study was included if reliability of muscle strength measurements was determined in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on baseline characteristics (country, study population, eligibility, age, setting and method, and equipment of limb muscle strength assessment) and reliability scores were obtained by two independent reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of six observational studies were analyzed. Interrater reliability of the Medical Research Council scale for individual muscle groups varied from "fair" or "substantial" (weighted κ, 0.23-0.64) to "very good" agreement (weighted κ, 0.80-0.96). Interrater reliability of the Medical Research Council-sum score was found to be very good in all four studies (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.86-0.99 or Pearson product moment correlation coefficient = 0.96). Interrater reliability of handheld dynamometry was comparable between two studies (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.62-0.96). Interrater reliability of handgrip dynamometry was very good in two studies (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.89-0.97). Intrarater reliability of handheld dynamometry and handgrip dynamometry was assessed in one study, and results were very good (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.81). No studies were obtained on reliability of nonvolitional muscle strength assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Voluntary muscle strength measurement has proven reliable in critically ill patients provided that strict guidelines on adequacy and standardized test procedures and positions are followed.
authors.affiliation: 1Department Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 2Department of Intensive Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 3Medical Intensive Care Unit of the Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Goele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanpee
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segers
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gosselink
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D015588:Observer Variation; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D034941:Upper Extremity