title: Biological characteristics and oxidation mechanism of a new manganese-oxidizing bacteria FM-2.
abstract: A new manganese-oxidizing strain FM-2 was screened out from biological activated carbon (BAC) filter column and was identified as Citrobacter freundii. The results of the systematic study on this species are as follows: At 27°C, the optimum pH for Citrobacter sp. FM-2 to remove manganese was 7.0-8.0.The best removal rate of manganese under 27°C, pH 7.0 by FM-2 was reached at 4 d, being 76.2%; Compared with adsorption, biological oxidation played a dominant role in this removing process. Almost 75.7% of manganese was oxidized into oxides by Citrobacter sp and there were some particular oxides analogs generated on the bacterial surface; A 296bp DNA fragment amplified from Citrobacter sp. FM-2 revealed that this species has multicopper oxidase genes. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree indicated that compared with other related species, Citrobacter sp. FM-2 has its own evolutional independence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Wenwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Lujun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D016971:Citrobacter freundii / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008345:Manganese; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C024748:copper oxidase; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Citrobacter freundii; evolutional independence; manganese-oxidizing strain; multicopper oxidase