title: Hydroxysafflor yellow A of Carthamus tinctorius attenuates lung injury of aged rats exposed to gasoline engine exhaust by down-regulating platelet activation.
abstract: Long-term inhalation of gasoline engine exhaust (GEE) increases the risk of respiratory disease. Studies have suggested involvement of platelets in the development of some lung diseases. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a flavonoid compound, prevents hemostasis. Therefore, we investigated its effects on GEE-induced lung injury, and role of platelets in injury. Sixty-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to GEE for 4h/day for 6 weeks, and then grouped as follows: control, GEE, GEE+HSYA, GEE+HSYA+GW9662, and GEE+GW9662. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), pH, and the PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) in the blood were detected using a blood gas analyzer. Wet/dry lung weight ratio, total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and cytokine concentrations in serum and BALF were determined. Furthermore, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level and expression levels of target proteins were analyzed. Platelets were counted and their state was evaluated. HSYA attenuated GEE-mediated decreases in PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, platelet cAMP level, protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. HSYA also attenuated GEE-mediated increases in lung permeability, cytokine levels in serum and BALF, plasma platelet count, and ADP-mediated platelet aggregation. Moreover, it suppressed GEE-induced increases in the expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines in platelets and lung tissue. Therefore, HSYA is therapeutically effective for GEE-mediated lung injury and acts by enhancing PKA activity and inhibiting platelet activation.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Chaoyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingxian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongliu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China. Electronic address: xybai2012@163.com.
authors.forename: Xianyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D031187:Carthamus tinctorius / Q000737:chemistry*; D002599:Chalcone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005742:Gasoline; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D010976:Platelet Count; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005742:Gasoline; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011809:Quinones; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; C085278:hydroxysafflor yellow A; D002599:Chalcone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: Gasoline engine exhaust; Hydroxysafflor yellow A; Lung dysfunction; PKA; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; Platelet