title: Pomegranate vinegar attenuates adiposity in obese rats through coordinated control of AMPK signaling in the liver and adipose tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of pomegranate vinegar (PV) on adiposity was investigated in high-fat diet (HF)-induced obese rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were divided into 5 groups and treated with HF with PV or acetic acid (0, 6.5 or 13% w/w) for 16 weeks. Statistical analyses were performed by the Statistical Analysis Systems package, version 9.2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control, PV supplementation increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to changes in mRNA expressions: increases for hormone sensitive lipase and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 and decreases for sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) in adipose tissue; increases for PPARα and carnitinepalmitoyltransferase-1a (CPT-1a) and decrease for SREBP-1c in the liver. Concomitantly, PV reduced increases of body weight (p = 0.048), fat mass (p = 0.033), hepatic triglycerides (p = 0.005), and plasma triglycerides (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PV attenuates adiposity through the coordinated control of AMPK, which leads to promotion of lipolysis in adipose tissue and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation in the liver.
authors.forename: Elly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.forename: Gyeong-Min
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Yeni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yeo-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea. orank@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Oran
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; C000604391:Ucp2 protein, rat; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; C583748:carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a, rat; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D019342:Acetic Acid