title: Nuclear receptors as regulators of stem cell and cancer stem cell metabolism.
abstract: Cellular metabolism is underpinning physiological processes in all cells. These include housekeeping functions as well as specific activities unique to a particular cell type. A growing number of studies in various experimental models indicate that metabolism is tightly connected to embryonic development as well. It is also emerging that metabolic processes have regulatory roles and by changing metabolism, cellular processes and even fates can be influenced. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors, responding to changes in metabolites and are implicated in diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, differentiation, metabolism and cancer. Therefore, NRs are key links between metabolism and cell fate decisions. In this review, we introduce ESRRβ, DAX-1 and LRH-1 as putative regulators of metabolism in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. We also discuss the role of TR4, NGF1β, LXRβ and RARs in stemness. In addition, we summarize our current understanding of the potential roles of NRs in cancer stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1., Debrecen H-4012, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Simandi
authors.forename: Ixchelt
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cuaranta-Monroy
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
keywords: Cancer stem cells; Embryonic stem cells; Metabolism; Nuclear receptors; Pluripotency