title: Urinary leukotriene E4 is associated with renal function but not with endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Leukotrienes are inflammatory and vasoactive mediators implicated in endothelium-dependent relaxations and atherosclerosis. Urinary leukotriene E4 (U-LTE4) is a validated disease marker of asthma and increases also in diabetes and acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of U-LTE4 and CRP with endothelial function. Urine samples were obtained from 30 subjects (80% males; median age 65) with type 2 diabetes of at least two years duration and a median glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 71 (14-129) mL/min. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was used as a measure of microvascular endothelial function, whereas macrovascular endothelial function was determined be means of flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD). Decreased renal function was associated with lower concentrations of U-LTE4. In addition, U-LTE4 was correlated with serum creatinine (R = -0.572; P = 0.001) and eGFR (R = 0.517; P = 0.0036). A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified eGFR as an independent predictor of U-LTE4 concentrations. In conclusion, the present results did not establish an association of U-LTE4 with endothelial dysfunction. However, eGFR was an independent predictor of U-LTE4, but not CRP, in this cohort, suggesting that GFR should be considered in biomarker studies of U-LTE4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Arnar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rafnsson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bäck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017999:Leukotriene E4 / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017999:Leukotriene E4; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine