title: Biomarkers and updates on pediatrics lupus nephritis.
abstract: Lupus nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents. This article reviews the clinical relevance of lupus nephritis and its current treatment. The reader is introduced to novel biomarkers that are expected to improve the management of lupus nephritis in the future, and support the testing of novel medication regimens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, MC 7022, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Hermine I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001706:Biopsy; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000652:urine; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D003181:Complement C4; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D064451:Hepcidins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors
keywords: Biomarkers; Childhood-onset SLE; Lupus nephritis; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Treatment