title: Possible associations between antioxidant enzyme polymorphisms and metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the possible association between common and potentially functional polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes and metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The possible associations of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes, and the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) Val16Ala polymorphism with the risks of being overweight and having metabolic syndrome were examined using a logistic regression analysis in 154 schizophrenic Japanese patients and 203 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among smokers with schizophrenia, the risks of being overweight and having decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in those with the GSTM1 null genotype than in those with the present genotype (odds ratio 3.20 and 3.15, P=0.03 and P=0.04, respectively), while among nonsmokers with schizophrenia, the risk of an abnormal waist circumference was lower in those with the GSTM1 null genotype (odds ratio 0.34, P=0.04). The risk of a decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly higher in patients with the combined GSTM1 null and GSTT1 present genotypes than in those with the present genotypes of both genes (odds ratio 3.60, P<0.01). The SOD2 Val16Ala polymorphism was not associated with risk of metabolic abnormalities in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that the GSTM1 null genotype, in combination with smoking status or GSTT1 genotype, might be associated with the metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saruwatari
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui-Furukori
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamihashi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimori
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oniki
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchimine
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noai
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Ayami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
keywords: glutathione S-transferase; metabolic syndrome; oxidative stress; polymorphism; schizophrenia; superoxide dismutase 2