title: D-Cycloserine lowers kynurenic acid formation--new mechanism of action.
abstract: D-Cycloserine, known as a partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, exerts anticonvulsive activities and improves cognitive function. The present study evaluates the action of D-cycloserine with respect to the biosynthetic machinery of kynurenic acid (KYNA) synthesis e.g. the activity of enzymes synthesizing KYNA, kynurenine aminotransferases I, kynurenine aminotransferase II and kynurenine aminotransferase III (KAT I, KAT II and KAT III) in the rat liver and brain, and human frontal cortex in the presence of the anti-mycobacterial drug D-cycloserine, in an in vitro study. We found that D-cycloserine blocked dose-dependent and significantly KAT I, II and III activities in rat liver and brain homogenates. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of KYNA formation was observed in the frontal cortex homogenate of human post mortem tissue, as well. D-Cycloserine, at 63.7 µM concentration blocked significantly KAT II, I and III (53.2, 66.1 and 71.3% of control, P<0.001) activities in the human frontal cortex homogenate. Obtained data indicate that D-cycloserine exerts notable biochemical properties to block KYNA synthesis. Lowering of KYNA content due to D-cycloserine inhibition of KATs activities can free up more glycine sites for the actions of D-cycloserine. On the other site, it needs to be clarified, if the postulated mechanism for D-cycloserine to act as a partial agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor could be mainly due to KAT's inhibition. We propose that this mechanism(s) might play a role in the improvement of memory, cognition and/or delusion in Alzheimer's, HIV-1 infected patients and schizophrenia patients.
authors.affiliation: Karl Landsteiner Research Institute for Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Neurorehabilitation and Pain Treatment, Mauer-Amstetten 3362, Austria; Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Veterinary Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: halina.baran@neuro-lab.eu.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.affiliation: Karl Landsteiner Research Institute for Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Neurorehabilitation and Pain Treatment, Mauer-Amstetten 3362, Austria; SeneCura Neurorehabilitation Centre, Kittsee, Austria.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kepplinger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000494:pharmacology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003523:Cycloserine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000819:agonists*; D000637:Transaminases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D003523:Cycloserine; D000637:Transaminases; C021481:kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase; D007736:Kynurenic Acid
keywords: Dementia; Glycine; Kynurenic acid; Kynurenine aminotransferases; NMDA receptor; d-Cycloserine