title: Detection of urinary metabolomics before and after Pringle maneuver-induced liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolomics studies can quantitatively detect the dynamic metabolic response of living systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To detect urinary metabolomics after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by the Pringle maneuver using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 80) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20/group): sham operation, day 1, day 3, and day 5. Rats in the day 1, day 3, and day 5 groups underwent the Pringle maneuver. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of the liver tissue was performed. GC-MS was used to detect urinary metabolomics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the sham group, the serum ALT and TBIL levels at day 1 were significantly elevated (P < 0.01) and then decreased and reached close to normal levels at day 5. GC-MS detected 7 metabolites which had similar changes as those of liver tissue revealed by histological examination. Significant differences in lactic acid, pyruvic acid, alanine, serine, and glycerol-3-phosphate were found among the groups (P < 0.001). Principle component analysis showed that 7 metabolites distinguished the day 1 and day 3 groups from the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noninvasive urinary metabolomic analysis is a potential means for the early detection and diagnosis of hepatic I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhenchao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Wenguang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Zhonglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D005994:Glycerophosphates; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012694:Serine; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000409:Alanine; D001663:Bilirubin