title: The effects of long-term therapy with proton pump inhibitors on meal stimulated gastrin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyspepsia develops in healthy volunteers after withdrawal of proton-pump inhibitors. This phenomenon, attributed to rebound acid hypersecretion, is thought to be mediated by reflex hypergastrinemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure fasting and postprandial gastrin in patients on long-term proton-pump inhibitor treatment and correlate gastrin levels with the duration of treatment and other potential predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross sectional study patients, with erosive esophagitis, on long-term proton-pump inhibitor treatment and healthy controls underwent gastrin measurements at baseline and four times following a meal and Helicobacter pylori status was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 100 patients and 50 controls were studied. Pre- and postprandial gastrin levels were higher in patients (p<0.001). No significant correlation was found between the area under the gastrin-curve and the treatment duration. Female patients had significantly higher gastrin levels than males pre- and postprandial, whereas such differences was not found in the control group. Female gender was the only independent predictor of s-gastrin levels (OR 2.50 compared to males, 95% CI: 1.08-5.76, p=0.032) in the patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastrin values were higher in patients compared to controls. There was no correlation between gastrin levels and treatment duration. Female patients had significantly higher gastrin values than males.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Medical Faculty, Reykjavík, Iceland. Electronic address: hoh19@hi.is.
authors.forename: Hólmfridur
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helgadóttir
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: david.metz@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Xiao
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of the Internal Medicine, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: Einar S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Björnsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D053379:Chromogranin A; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D005755:Gastrins; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: Dyspepsia; GERD; Gastrin; Proton-pump inhibitors