title: The biochemical and histological effects of lichens in normal and diabetic rats.
abstract: Oxidative stress plays an important role in causing diabetes; however, no studies have thoroughly reported on the toxic and beneficial effects of lichen extracts in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study covers a previously unrecognized effect of two well-known lichen species Cetraria islandica and Pseudevernia furfuracae in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In experimental design, control or diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with aqueous lichen extracts (250-500 mg/kg /day) for 2 weeks starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On day 14, animals were anaesthetized, and metabolic and biochemical parameters were appreciated between control and treatment groups. The histopathology of liver was examined using three different staining methods: hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and reticulin and Sudan Black B. Our experimental data showed that increasing doses of C. islandica and P. furfuracae alone did not have any detrimental effects on studied parameters and the malondialdehyde level of liver.C. islandicaextract showed positive results for antioxidant capacity compared to doses of P. furfuracae extract. However, the protective effect of C. islandica extract on diabetes-induced disorders and hepatic damages is still unclear. Moreover, unfortunately, animals subjected to DM therapy did not benefit from the usage of increasing lichen doses due to their unchanged antioxidant activity in tissues. The results obtained in present study suggested that C. islandica and P. furfuracae is safe but the power of these is limited because of intensive oxidative stress in liver of type 1 diabetic rats. It is also implied that C. islandica extract is especially suitable for different administration routes in DM animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülşah Yıldız
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Deniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey geyikogluff@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Fatime
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geyikoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Türkez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tülay Özhan
authors.initials: TÖ
authors.lastname: Bakır
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Çolak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D000068837:Parmeliaceae; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products
keywords: Cetraria islandica; Pseudevernia furfuracae; diabetes mellitus; histology; liver; oxidative stress