title: Too much small talk? Medical students' pelvic examination skills falter with pleasant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The competent performance of a female pelvic examination requires both technical proficiency and superlative communication skills. However, the ideal medium with which to assess these skills remains to be elucidated. Part-task trainers (PTTs) offer an effective and affordable means of testing technical skills, but may not allow students to demonstrate their communication skills. Hybrids involving standardised patients (SPs) (SP-PTT) offer a more realistic assessment of communication, but students may feel awkward when examining the female genitalia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the use of PTTs with that of SP-PTT hybrids in the assessment of technical and communication skills in the female pelvic examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 145 medical students were randomised to one of three conditions during their summative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the completion of clerkship. Students performed the female pelvic examination on: (i) a PTT alone ('plastic' condition); (ii) an SP-PTT hybrid with an SP who did not engage in any superfluous conversation ('perfunctory' condition), or (iii) an SP-PTT hybrid with an SP who was trained to offer small talk and banter, which was judged to better reflect the typical doctor-patient interaction ('pleasant' condition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Communication skills did not differ significantly among the three groups (p = 0.354). There was a significant difference among groups in technical skills scores (p = 0.0018). Students in the 'plastic' condition performed best, followed by those in the 'perfunctory' and 'pleasant' conditions, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical students demonstrate equivalent communication skills whether they work with a PTT or an SP-PTT hybrid, but their technical skills suffer in the presence of an SP. Working with the PTT alone does not appear to disadvantage students in terms of communication skills, but may offer better conditions for performing technical aspects of the procedure. Whether the 'plastic patient' is the most meaningful and valid means of predicting overall competence in the clinical setting is still a matter for debate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Skills and Simulation Centre, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Academy for Innovation in Medical Education (AIME), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Glenn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hamstra
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D058869:Gynecological Examination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D010808:Physical Examination; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*