title: Relation of atrial fibrillation (AF) and change of lipoproteins: male patients with AF exhibited severe pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic properties in lipoproteins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to search putative biomarkers for detection of relatively young-onset atrial fibrillation (AF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed serum lipoproteins from male patients with paroxysmal AF (48±9years old, n=29) and controls with similar age (50±10years old, n=27), who visited our hospital for radiofrequency catheter ablation due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the AF group showed normal serum cholesterol level, they exhibited 16% lower HDL-cholesterol and 13% higher serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity than those of the control group. The AF group showed elevated levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and C-reactive protein with hyperuricemia. However, there was no difference between serum levels of creatinine, troponin I, and serum amyloid A. All lipoproteins from the AF group contained higher level of TG, oxidized species, and advanced glycated end products. LDL from the AF group (AF-LDL) showed 2.7-fold more content of malondialdehyde than the control group (p<0.04) and exhibited higher sensitivity of oxidation. HDL-associated paraoxonase from the AF group showed impaired antioxidant ability and lowered expressional level of apoA-I (p<0.01) and paraoxonase (p<0.005) in HDL3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipoprotein properties were severely impaired in the AF group with increased extent of oxidation and inflammation. The modified lipoprotein properties with impaired antioxidant functions can be used as a putative biomarker for prognostic detection for the relatively young onset AF.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea; Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea; Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular division, Internal Medicine, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 705-717, South Korea; Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Gu
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Ryong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea; Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea. Electronic address: chok@yu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008074:Lipoproteins
keywords: Apolipoproteins; Atrial fibrillation; Glycation; Lipoprotein; Oxidation; Triglyceride