title: Predicting the Trajectories of Perceived Pain Intensity in Southern Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Role of Religiousness.
abstract: This study focuses on the identification of multiple latent trajectories of pain intensity, and it examines how religiousness is related to different classes of pain trajectory. Participants were 720 community-dwelling older adults who were interviewed at four time points over a 3-year period. Overall, intensity of pain decreased over 3 years. Analysis using latent growth mixture modeling (GMM) identified three classes of pain: (1) increasing (n= 47); (2) consistently unchanging (n= 292); and (3) decreasing (n= 381). Higher levels of intrinsic religiousness (IR) at baseline were associated with higher levels of pain at baseline, although it attenuated the slope of pain trajectories in the increasing pain group. Higher service attendance at baseline was associated with a higher probability of being in the decreasing pain group. The increasing pain group and the consistently unchanging group reported more negative physical and mental health outcomes than the decreasing pain group.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nan Sook
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wardian
authors.forename: Beom S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lucinda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Roff
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Klemmack
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Harold G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Allman
keywords: latent growth modeling; pain trajectory; religiousness