title: Sub-sleeve gastrectomy achieves good diabetes control without weight loss in a non-obese diabetic rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although weight loss has been implicated in anti-diabetic effects, sleeve gastrectomy (SG)-mediated anti-diabetic effects are induced through mechanisms beyond weight loss. Our aim was to investigate whether anti-diabetic effects can be achieved by surgically removing a smaller portion of the stomach instead of SG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male 11-week-old Goto-Kakizaki rats (N = 50) were randomized into five groups: sub-sleeve gastrectomy (SSG, only the gastric fundus is removed), SG, sham-operated SSG, sham-operated SG, and control. Body weight, food intake, hormone secretion, and glucose metabolism were measured up to 24 weeks after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed that (i) both SSG and SG surgeries significantly improved glucose homeostasis, with lower ghrelin levels and higher post-prandial glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, and insulin levels; (ii) SG, but not SSG, produced sustained weight loss and significant reduction of food intake; and (iii) SG induced better long-term diabetic improvement than SSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SSG that only removed the gastric fundus exhibited significant diabetic improvement without weight loss, but did not induce long-term diabetic improvement comparable to that of SG. Our study helps to understand the role of hormones and weight loss in maintaining long-term diabetes improvement after SG.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shaozhuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guangyong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Punsiri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colonne
authors.forename: Chunxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sanyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D051381:Rats; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose