title: Increased expression of genes after periodontal treatment with photodynamic therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study was devised with the objective of using a split-mouth, controlled clinical trial to compare conventional mechanical debridement (scaling and root planing) treatment (T1) with conventional mechanical treatment followed by photodynamic therapy (PDT) (T2) in patients with severe periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four PDT sessions were completed, and clinical parameters such as bleeding upon probing (BOP positive), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated before and after the treatment series. In addition, gingival biopsies were collected at the start and finish of treatment, and were used for qPCR gene expression analysis of TNFA, IL1B, IL8, IL10, IL17, MMP13, FGF2, RANK, RANKL and OPG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical results showed a significant improvement in BOP with treatment T2 (p=0.03). The molecular data showed an up-regulation of FGF2, RANK and OPG gene expression after T2. The expression levels of the other genes were not significantly different between T1 and T2. PDT increased the expression of RANK and OPG, which could indicate a reduction in osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, the use of PDT in conjunction with conventional treatment significantly increased the expression of FGF2, which has an important role in the periodontal repair process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT technology could be a means to improve conventional periodontitis treatment. Our results suggest that PDT acts in part by controlling bone resorption and increasing the expression of genes important for tissue repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, CEP 71966-700, Brazil. Electronic address: ericperio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eric Jacomino
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, CEP 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Robert Edward
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pogue
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Brasília-José Alencar-Brasília-DF, CEP 70.071-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Henrique Toshihiro
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, CEP 70790-160, Brazil; Children's Hospital of Brasília-José Alencar-Brasília-DF, CEP 70.071-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Lemos Mendanha
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, CEP 71966-700, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Rey de
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, CEP 70790-160, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosângela Vieira
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: de Andrade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Gene expression; Periodontal treatment; Photodynamic therapy