title: Statistically optimised ethosomes for transdermal delivery of tolterodine tartrate.
abstract: The aim of the current investigation is to optimize ethosomes statistically for enhancing transdermal potential of Tolterodine Tartrate (TT). Ethosomes bearing TT were prepared by cold method and characterized for various parameters like vesicle size, vesicle shape, surface morphology and % drug entrapment. Microscopic examinations suggest ethosomes as spherical unilamellar vesicles with a smooth surface. Optimized ethosomal vesicles were of 890±2.67nm size and showed 79.83±3.18% drug entrapment. Ex-vivo permeation studies across rat skin resulted in increased flux of 4.69±0.24μg/cm(2)/hr and decreased lag time of 0.13±0.05 hr when compared with drug solution (0.546±0.05μg/cm(2)/hr, 3±0.2 hr).This shows enhancement of transdermal delivery by 8.82 times. Anatomical changes in skin samples due to vesicle-skin interaction were observed on histological examination. Optimized formulation on storage at 4°C for 120 days showed insignificant growth in vesicular size revealing low aggregation of vesicles. The results collectively suggest ethosomes as carriers for accentuated transdermal delivery of TT.
authors.affiliation: G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prasanthi
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lakshmi
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003408:Cresols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D004337:Drug Carriers; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010743:Phospholipids; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000431:Ethanol; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate