title: Detection of specific chromosomal aberrations in urine using BCA-1 (oligo-CGH-array) enhances diagnostic sensitivity and predicts the aggressiveness of non-muscle-invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder carcinoma (B-TCC) is the fifth most prevalent carcinoma in the United States (US) or Europe. In addition, B-TCC is the most expensive carcinoma per patient between diagnosis and death, because of its 50-80 % recurrence rate. B-TCC is an optimal carcinoma for which to detect DNA alterations in urine, which is easily obtainable. Chromosomal aberrations in tumors have been closely related to the carcinogenesis process.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a highly specific and sensitive oligo-CGH-array for the diagnosis and follow-up of B-TCC, based on the detection of chromosomal aberrations in urine samples. One hundred and sixty-four urine samples were analyzed. The qualitative results, including chromosomal aberrations, were obtained. Quantitative results are expressed as a percentage of chromosomal alterations on the autosomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the urine samples, we were able to differentiate B-TCC from non-malignant conditions with an accuracy of 100 % for patients without history of B-TCC. For follow-up of B-TCC in clinical practice, at least a deletion (8p; 9p; 9q) or a cut-off of >2 % of chromosomal imbalance was considered as a positive test. According to our criteria, 100 % of high-grade tumors were diagnosed, and the sensitivity to predict positive cystoscopy was 95 % (specificity 73 %). A cut-off >9 % was a strong signature of high-grade TCC (odds ratio 53 CI 95 % 7-417; p = 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a sensitive clinical tool for the detection of B-TCC using DNA extracted from patient urine. This tool is also able to identify low-grade B-TCC and identify high-risk patients harboring a high-grade disease.
authors.affiliation: CeRePP, Paris, France, olivier.cussenot@wanadoo.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cussenot
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sighar
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hugonin
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ondet
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larre
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lacave
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roupret
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cancel-Tassin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor