title: Sodium fluoride inhibits MMP-2 and MMP-9.
abstract: The importance of fluoride (F) in preventing dental caries by favorably interfering in the demineralization-remineralization processes is well-established, but its ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which could also help to prevent dentin caries, has not been investigated. This study assessed the ability of F to inhibit salivary and purified human gelatinases MMPs-2 and -9. Saliva was collected from 10 healthy individuals. Pooled saliva was centrifuged, and supernatants were incubated for 1 hr at 37°C and subjected to zymography. Sodium fluoride (50-275 ppm F) was added to the incubation buffer. The reversibility of the inhibition of MMPs-2 and -9 by NaF was tested by the addition of NaF (250-5,000 ppm F) to the incubation buffer, after which an additional incubation was performed in the absence of F. F decreased the activities of pro- and active forms of salivary and purified human MMPs in a dose-response manner. Purified gelatinases were completely inhibited by 200 ppm F (IC50 = 100 and 75 ppm F for MMPs-2 and -9, respectively), and salivary MMP-9 by 275 ppm F (IC50 = 200 ppm F). Inhibition was partially reversible at 250-1,500 ppm F, but was irreversible at 5,000 ppm F. This is the first study to describe the ability of NaF to inhibit MMPs completely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bolanho
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zarella
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tjäderhane
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000187:drug effects*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: dentin; extracellular matrix; fluorides; inhibition; matrix matalloproteinase-9; matrix metalloproteinase-2