title: A comparison of bovine bone and hydroxyapatite scaffolds during initial bone regeneration: an in vitro evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the different behavior of 3-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds-Bovine Bone (BB; Bio-Oss) and Hydroxyapatite (HA; ENGIpore)-during initial bone healing and development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dental papilla stem cells (hDPaSCs) were selected with FACsorter cytofluorimetric analysis, cultured with osteogenic medium, and analyzed with Alizarin red stained after differentiation. The obtained osteoblast-like cells (OCs) were cultured with BB and HA. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OC, MEPE, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression markers were investigated performing Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. After 40 days, samples were analyzed by light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the samples showed high in vitro biocompatibility and qualitative differences of OCs adhesion. RT-PCR and Western blot data exhibited similar marker rate, but ALP, OC, MEPE, and RUNX2expression, during initial healing and bone regeneration phase, was higher and faster in human dental papilla onto BB than in HA scaffolds. In biomaterials growth, RUNX2 seems to play an important role as a key regulator in human OCs from dental papilla bone development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different surface BB scaffold characteristics seem to play a critical role in OCs differentiation showing different time of bone regeneration morphological characteristics as well as higher and faster levels of all observed markers.
authors.affiliation: *Young Researcher, Department of Oral Medical Science and Biotechnology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy. †Associate Professor of Biomaterial Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy. ‡Ordinary Professor of Biology, Department of Oral Medical Science and Biotechnology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy; Leonardo da Vinci Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina (Chieti), Chieti, Italy. §Researcher of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Department of Oral Science, Insubria University of Varese, Varese, Italy. ‖Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Oral Science, University Vita e Salute Milano, Milan, Italy. ¶Associate Professor of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Science, University Federico II Napoli, Naples, Italy. #Associate Professor of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medical Science and Biotechnology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy. **Ordinary Professor and Dean of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Science, University Vita e Salute Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Filiberto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: Raimondo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quaresima
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grilli
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tettamanti
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vinci
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sammartino
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tetè
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gherlone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D003771:Dental Papilla / Q000502:physiology; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite