title: Targeted reinforcement of neural oscillatory activity with real-time neuroimaging feedback.
abstract: Biofeedback and brain-computer interfacing using EEG has been receiving continuous and increasing interest. However, the limited spatial resolution of low-density scalp recordings is a roadblock to the unequivocal monitoring and targeting of neuroanatomical regions and physiological signaling. This latter aspect is pivotal to the actual efficiency of neurofeedback procedures, which are expected to engage the modulation of well-identified components of neural activity within and between predetermined brain regions. Our group has previously contributed to demonstrate the principles of real-time magnetoencephalography (MEG) source imaging. Here we show how the technique was further developed to provide healthy subjects with region-specific neurofeedback to modulate successfully predetermined components of their brain activity in targeted brain regions. Overall, our results positively indicate that neurofeedback based on time-resolved MEG imaging has the potential to become an innovative therapeutic approach in neurology and neuropsychiatry.
authors.affiliation: McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Florin
authors.affiliation: McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.affiliation: McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: sylvain.baillet@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baillet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male
keywords: Biofeedback; MEG; Neural oscillations; Neurofeedback