title: Spondylolisthesis, Sacro-Pelvic Morphology, and Orientation in Young Gymnasts.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional evaluation of sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation as well as spondylolisthesis prevalence in a cohort of young gymnasts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of spondylolisthesis in a cohort of gymnasts, as well as the associated demographic characteristics and sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have shown that sagittal sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation is abnormal in spondylolisthesis. Sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation in gymnasts and their relationship with spondylolisthesis have never been analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiologic evaluation of 92 gymnasts was performed to identify spondylolisthesis, and to measure pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, and sacral table angle. In the presence of spondylolisthesis, the slip percentage was measured. Different demographic and training characteristics were evaluated. Radiographic parameters were compared with reference values published for asymptomatic children and adolescents, and for subjects with spondylolisthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 6.5% prevalence of spondylolisthesis was found in our cohort. The weekly training schedule was the only statistically significant different demographic characteristic between the 2 groups, at 20.6±5.4 versus 14.4±5.6 h/wk for subjects with and without spondylolisthesis, respectively. Pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, and sacral table angle were 69±20, 15±13, 54±11, and 88±7 degrees in gymnasts with spondylolisthesis, and 53±11, 10±6, 43±9, and 94±6 degrees in gymnasts without spondylolisthesis, respectively. When compared with asymptomatic individuals, pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt were slightly superior in gymnasts without spondylolisthesis. Pelvic incidence, sacral slope, and sacral table angle were significantly different between gymnasts with and without spondylolisthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of spondylolisthesis in young gymnasts was similar to that observed in the general population. Sagittal sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation was abnormal in gymnasts with spondylolisthesis. Sagittal sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation was also slightly different in gymnasts without spondylolisthesis when compared with the normal population. The present study supports an association between spondylolisthesis and abnormal sacro-pelvic orientation and morphology.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center †Department of Surgery, University of Montreal ‡Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montreal Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles-William
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Toueg
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mac-Thiong
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grimard
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poitras
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Labelle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012447:Sacrum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult