title: [High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among spanish obese children and adolescents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with extra-skeletal outcomes such as, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese children and adolescents in Spain and to analyze the relationship between 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and markers of abnormal glucose metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the clinical and biochemical data were recorded for 120 obese and 50 non-overweight children in Pediatric Clinics from January 2011 to January 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean 25-OH-D levels among obese children was 19.5 ng/ml and among non-overweight children was 31.6 ng/ml. 58,3% of obese subjects, and 10% of non-overweight subjects had vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25-OH-D levels were lower in winter. Higher HOMA-SDS (3.8 versus 2.4), and triglycerides (97 versus 81 mg/dl) were found in vitamin D deficient obese children compared to obese children without vitamin D deficiency. A negative correlation was found between 25-OH-D levels and HOMA in absolute values (r=-0.2; P=.04) that was not maintained when HOMA-SDS was analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese children with a multifactorial etiology. A lower 25-OH-D level could be a risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese population.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Medina
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gavela-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Garrido
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Lípidos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcés
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España. Electronic address: leansor4@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soriano-Guillén
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Insulin resistance; Insulinorresistencia; Obesidad; Obesity; Vitamin D; Vitamina D