title: Wound outcome in combat injuries is associated with a unique set of protein biomarkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to forecast whether a wound will heal after closure without further debridement(s), would provide substantial benefits to patients with severe extremity trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wound effluent is a readily available material which can be collected without disturbing healthy tissue. For analysis of potential host response biomarkers, forty four serial combat wound effluent samples from 19 patients with either healing or failing traumatic- and other combat-related wounds were examined by 2-D DIGE. Spot map patterns were correlated to eventual wound outcome (healed or wound failure) and analyzed using DeCyder 7.0 and differential proteins identified via LC-MS/MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This approach identified 52 protein spots that were differentially expressed and thus represent candidate biomarkers for this clinical application. Many of these proteins are intimately involved in inflammatory and immune responses. Furthermore, discriminate analysis further refined the 52 differential protein spots to a smaller subset of which successfully differentiate between wounds that will heal and those that will fail and require further surgical intervention with greater than 83% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest candidates for a panel of protein biomarkers that may aid traumatic wound care prognosis and treatment. We recommend that this strategy be refined, and then externally validated, in future studies of traumatic wounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA. brett.chromy@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Chromy
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eldridge
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: Trevor S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kirkup
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jaing
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Be
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elster
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Luciw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D057825:Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis; D014857:Warfare; D014945:Wound Healing; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins