title: Transcriptome analysis of androgenic gland for discovery of novel genes from the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, using Illumina Hiseq 2000.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, is an important aquaculture species in China, even in whole of Asia. The androgenic gland produces hormones that play crucial roles in sexual differentiation to maleness. This study is the first de novo M. nipponense transcriptome analysis using cDNA prepared from mRNA isolated from the androgenic gland. Illumina/Solexa was used for sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total volume of RNA sample was more than 5 ug. We generated 70,853,361 high quality reads after eliminating adapter sequences and filtering out low-quality reads. A total of 78,408 isosequences were obtained by clustering and assembly of the clean reads, producing 57,619 non-redundant transcripts with an average length of 1244.19 bp. In total 70,702 isosequences were matched to the Nr database, additional analyses were performed by GO (33,203), KEGG (17,868), and COG analyses (13,817), identifying the potential genes and their functions. A total of 47 sex-determination related gene families were identified from the M. nipponense androgenic gland transcriptome based on the functional annotation of non-redundant transcripts and comparisons with the published literature. Furthermore, a total of 40 candidate novel genes were found, that may contribute to sex-determination based on their extremely high expression levels in the androgenic compared to other sex glands,. Further, 437 SSRs and 65,535 high-confidence SNPs were identified in this EST dataset from which 14 EST-SSR markers have been isolated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides new sequence information for M. nipponense, which will be the basis for further genetic studies on decapods crustaceans. More importantly, this study dramatically improves understanding of sex-determination mechanisms, and advances sex-determination research in all crustacean species. The huge number of potential SSR and SNP markers isolated from the transcriptome may shed the lights on research in many fields, including the evolution and molecular ecology of Macrobrachium species.
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, People Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi, People Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shubo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hongtuo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shengming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Sufei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Wenyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D063990:Gene Ontology; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D045483:Rivers; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins