title: 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA): chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new potential recreational drug.
abstract: From 2005 to 2012, 236 new substances have been officially notified in European Union via the Early Warning System with an increasing trend from year by year. In October 2009, 4-methylamphetamine (4-MA), an amphetamine derivative, was detected in Belgium and on 14 December 2009 this stimulant was notified to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Since its appearance within the recreational drug market, some cases of severe intoxication and deaths have been signaled across Europe. In this paper we summarized the chemical, pharmacological and toxicological information about this new potential recreational drug.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.affiliation: Department of Addiction, ASL CN2, Viale Coppino 46, 12051, Alba (CN), Italy. coppolamail@alice.it.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mondola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D023421:Models, Animal; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine