title: Role of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in the development of periodontal disease in adults without diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to explore whether insulin resistance and beta cell function are related to periodontal pocket formation, indicative of infectious periodontal disease in non-smoking adults without manifest diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data from a Health 2000 Survey consisting of dentate subjects without any indication of diabetes, aged between 30 and 64, who had never smoked and who had participated in the Follow-up Study on Finnish Adults' Oral Health about 4 years later (n = 157). The Homeostasis Model Assessment Indices were used to measure insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B). The development of periodontal disease was measured by means of the incidence of deepened periodontal pockets (4 mm deep or deeper) during the follow-up period. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both HOMA-IR and HOMA-B indices were associated with periodontal pocket formation during the 4-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this follow-up study suggest that impaired glucose metabolism measured as insulin resistance and altered beta cell function predict the breakdown of periodontal tissues. Further studies about their role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Timonen
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saxlin
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuuttila
authors.forename: Anna Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.forename: Tellervo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervonen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ylöstalo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003729:Dental Care; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014099:Toothbrushing
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: HOMA-B; HOMA-IR; beta cell function; insulin resistance; periodontal infection