title: Photofunctionalization enhances bone-implant contact, dynamics of interfacial osteogenesis, marginal bone seal, and removal torque value of implants: a dog jawbone study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of titanium, ie, photofunctionalization, has been extensively reported to enhance the osteoconductivity of titanium in animal and in vitro studies. This is the first study to examine whether photofunctionalization is effective on commercial dental implants in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental implants with a microroughened surface were placed into dog jawbones. Photofunctionalization was performed by treating implants with UV light for 15 minutes using a photo device immediately before placement. Four weeks after placement, bone-implant integration was evaluated using a removable torque test and static and dynamic histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant surfaces were converted from hydrophobic to super-hydrophilic after photofunctionalization. Removable torque for photofunctionalized implants was significantly higher by 50% than that for untreated implants. Bone-implant contact (BIC) was significantly higher for photofunctionalized implants in all zones examined: marginal, cortical, and bone marrow zones. An intensive mineralized layer was exclusively present in marginal bone at photofunctionalized interface. Dynamic histology identified early-onset, long-lasting robust bone deposition at photofunctionalized interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photofunctionalization enhanced the morphology, quality, and behavior of periimplant osteogenesis, including the increased BIC, expedited robust interfacial bone deposition, and improved marginal bone seal and support.
authors.affiliation: *Graduate Student, In Korea Military, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. †Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. ‡Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. §Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. ‖Professor, Laboratory of Bone and Implant Sciences (LBIS), The Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Se-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.forename: Young Bum
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hong Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014467:Ultraviolet Therapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants