title: Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health.
abstract: Noise is pervasive in everyday life and can cause both auditory and non-auditory health effects. Noise-induced hearing loss remains highly prevalent in occupational settings, and is increasingly caused by social noise exposure (eg, through personal music players). Our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in noise-induced hair-cell and nerve damage has substantially increased, and preventive and therapeutic drugs will probably become available within 10 years. Evidence of the non-auditory effects of environmental noise exposure on public health is growing. Observational and experimental studies have shown that noise exposure leads to annoyance, disturbs sleep and causes daytime sleepiness, affects patient outcomes and staff performance in hospitals, increases the occurrence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and impairs cognitive performance in schoolchildren. In this Review, we stress the importance of adequate noise prevention and mitigation strategies for public health.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: basner@upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basner
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Hygiene, Federal Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Babisch
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, Wellington House, Waterloo Road, London, UK; Ear Institute, University College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: D-MTEC Public and Organizational Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban Environment and Safety, TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Delft, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stansfeld
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004430:Ear Protective Devices; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors