title: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy and rapid on site evaluation added to fluoroscopy-guided assisted bronchoscopy and rapid on site evaluation: improved yield in pulmonary nodules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) was reported to increase diagnostic yield in pulmonary nodules (PNs). The aim of this study was to assess if rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) associated with ENB could improve diagnostic accuracy in PNs after non-diagnostic fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopy added to ROSE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with PNs suspected for lung cancer underwent to ENB + ROSE after non-diagnostic Fluoroscopy-guided Bronchoscopy + ROSE. Each lesion was studied with reference to size, location, presence of bronchus sign on CT. All lesions were sampled by needle and brush; if negative, by forceps and bronchoalveolar lavage. All patients were followed-up until achievement of definitive diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine out of 41 lesions (70.7%) had a definitive diagnosis. ENB sensitivity for malignancy was 76.5%, with higher rate in presence of bronchus sign on CT (86.2%) and in case of lesions located in the upper and middle lobes (87.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ENB is a useful tool in the evaluation of PNs. High diagnostic accuracy may be related to sampling (transbronchial needle aspiration), ROSE, location and presence of bronchus sign.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonology Unit Ospedale Maggiore della Carità Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy - pieroemilio.balbo@maggioreosp.novara.it.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Balbo
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Bodini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patrucco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Della Corte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanaboni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bagnati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andorno
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magnani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055613:Multiple Pulmonary Nodules / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors