title: Genomic evolution from primary breast carcinoma to distant metastasis: Few copy number changes of breast cancer related genes.
abstract: Cancer initiation and progression is characterized by (epi)genetic aberrations. However, little is known about the changes that occur during breast cancer metastasis. In the present study, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to compare copy numbers of 21 established oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes between 55 primary breast cancer samples and corresponding distant metastases. Distant breast cancer metastases generally showed similar gene copy number aberrations compared to their corresponding primary tumors. The few genes that showed differences between primary tumor and metastasis (PRDM14, MED1, CCNE1, TRAF4, MTDH, CDH1) have been implicated in the development of therapy resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: cmoelans@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Cathy B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Moelans
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Groep
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laurien D C
authors.initials: LDC
authors.lastname: Hoefnagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van de Vijver
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elsken
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Wall
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Diest
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Breast cancer; Gene dosage; MLPA; Metastases