title: Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms and the urolithiasis risk: an updated meta-analysis based on 20 case-control studies.
abstract: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a key role in calcium metabolism, and is closely related to urinary stone formation (urolithiasis). Previous studies have investigated the associations between VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (polymorphisms at BsmI, ApaI, FokI, or TaqI cutting sites) and urolithiasis in different populations. However, the results remain inconsistent and controversial. Therefore, meta-analysis was performed to evaluate these associations. Twenty studies that investigated the associations between VDR SNPs and urolithiasis were retrieved. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated under the most appropriate genetic model. The TaqI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis (tt + Tt vs. TT: OR = 1.253; 95% CI = 1.033-1.520, p = 0.022, I(2) = 0), whereas the ApaI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms were not. Stratifying for ethnicity, a slightly increased risk was found among Asians as compared to Whites (OR 1.263, 1.232, respectively, p < 0.01). Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was the major source of heterogeneity. In summary, this updated meta-analysis suggests the TaqI polymorphism is associated with urolithiasis risk, whereas BsmI, ApaI, and FokI polymorphisms are not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Minfeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mengjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol