title: Effects of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) seed coat on the embryonic and larval development of the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).
abstract: Bruchid beetles infest various seeds. The seed coat is the first protective barrier against bruchid infestation. Although non-host seed coats often impair the oviposition, eclosion and survival of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus larvae, morphological and biochemical aspects of this phenomenon remain unclear. Here we show that Phaseolus vulgaris (non-host) seed coat reduced C. maculatus female oviposition about 48%, increased 83% the seed penetration time, reduced larval mass and survival about 62 % and 40 % respectively. Interestingly, we found no visible effect on the major events of insect embryogenesis, namely the formation of the cellular blastoderm, germ band extension/retraction, embryo segmentation, appendage formation and dorsal closure. Larvae fed on P. vulgaris seed coat have greater FITC fluorescence signal in the midgut than in the feces, as opposed to what is observed in control larvae fed on Vigna unguiculata. Cysteine protease, α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were reduced in larvae fed on P. vulgaris natural seed coat. Taken together, our results suggest that although P. vulgaris seed coat does not interfere with C. maculatus embryonic development, food digestion was clearly compromised, impacting larval fitness (e.g. body mass and survivability).
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Figueira Reis
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: de Sá
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tierry Torres
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wermelinger
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elane da Silva
authors.initials: Eda S
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Experimentação Agrícola - LEAG, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias - CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geraldo de Amaral
authors.initials: Gde A
authors.lastname: Gravina
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Valevski Sales
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xavier-Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Motta
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Venancio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: grezende@uenf.br.
authors.forename: Gustavo Lazzaro
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: elenir@uenf.br.
authors.forename: Antonia Elenir Amancio
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D010058:Oviposition; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology*; D048889:Weevils / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*
keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus; Embryogenesis; Larval development; Phaseolus vulgaris