title: Incidence of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage in the Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate the annual adult incidence and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and oral anticoagulant-associated ICH (OAC-ICH) in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively selected all consecutive adult patients with a nontraumatic ICH seen in 1 of 3 hospitals in the region South-Limburg, the Netherlands, from 2007 to 2009. Crude incidences were age-adjusted to Dutch and European population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 652 ICH cases, of which 168 (25.8%) were OAC associated. The adult Dutch age-adjusted annual incidence of ICH and OAC-ICH was 34.8 (95% confidence interval, 32.0-37.8) and 8.7 (95% confidence interval, 7.3-10.3) per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The absolute risk of OAC-ICH was estimated at 0.46% per patient-year of OAC treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The annual incidences of ICH and OAC-ICH are relatively high in the Netherlands when compared with international literature.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (A.M.R.S., F.H.B.M.S., E.P.M.v.R., R.J.v.O., J.S.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (F.H.B.M.S., R.J.v.O., J.S.), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands (T.H.C.M.L.S.); and Department of Neurology, Orbis Medical Center, Sittard, The Netherlands (F.A.R.).
authors.forename: Angel M R
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schols
authors.forename: Floris H B M
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Elisabeth P M
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: van Raak
authors.forename: Tobien H C M L
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Fergus A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rooyer
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Oostenbrugge
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staals
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: anticoagulants; cerebral hemorrhage; epidemiology; incidence