title: Incidence and risk factors for urinary retention following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of postoperative urinary retention (PUR) has been reported to range from 1% to 22% in patients who have undergone laparoscopic inguinal hernia procedures. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of PUR and examine different risk factors that may be associated with the development of PUR in patients who have undergone laparoscopic inguinal hernia procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed on 350 patients. Demographics, comorbidities, and operative and postoperative information were collected in patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by 3 general surgeons from 2007 to 2011. Statistical analysis was done on patient demographics, medical histories, anesthesia notes, and postoperative notes to identify risk factors for the development of urinary retention after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred fifty consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs were reviewed. Twenty-nine patients developed PUR, an incidence of 8.3%. Age ≥60 years and history of benign prostatic hyperplasia showed significance on multivariate analysis, with odds ratios of 3.0 and 11.0 respectively (P < .05). Anesthesia time ≥2 hours (odds ratio, .75) was a contributing perioperative risk factor but only as an independent risk factor (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  History of benign prostatic hyperplasia, age ≥60 years, and anesthesia time ≥2 hours were significant independent risk factors for urinary retention after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. On multivariate analysis, only history of group and age ≥60 years showed significance. This is 1 of the largest studies to show that the development of PUR in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair patients is a multifactorial process. Further studies should be conducted to corroborate our findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 E 98th Street, 15th Floor, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Muthu V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Sivasankaran
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 E 98th Street, 15th Floor, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 E 98th Street, 15th Floor, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: celia.divino@mountsinai.org.
authors.forename: Celia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Divino
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair; Postoperative complications after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair; Postoperative urinary retention; Risk factors for urinary retention; Urinary retention; Urinary retention in laparoscopic inguinal hernia procedures