title: Capacitation in the presence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin results in enhanced zona pellucida-binding ability of stallion spermatozoa.
abstract: While IVF has been widely successful in many domesticated species, the development of a robust IVF system for the horse remains an elusive and highly valued goal. A major impediment to the development of equine IVF is the fact that optimised conditions for the capacitation of equine spermatozoa are yet to be developed. Conversely, it is known that stallion spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to damage arising as a consequence of capacitation-like changes induced prematurely in response to semen handling and transport conditions. To address these limitations, this study sought to develop an effective system to both suppress and promote the in vitro capacitation of stallion spermatozoa. Our data indicated that the latter could be achieved in a bicarbonate-rich medium supplemented with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a cyclic AMP analogue, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin, an efficient cholesterol-withdrawing agent. The populations of spermatozoa generated under these conditions displayed a number of hallmarks of capacitation, including elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylation, a reorganisation of the plasma membrane leading to lipid raft coalescence in the peri-acrosomal region of the sperm head, and a dramatic increase in their ability to interact with heterologous bovine zona pellucida (ZP) and undergo agonist-induced acrosomal exocytosis. Furthermore, this functional transformation was effectively suppressed in media devoid of bicarbonate. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of efficient cholesterol removal in priming stallion spermatozoa for ZP binding in vitro.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Biology, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Bromfield
authors.forename: R John
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Zamira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.forename: Sarah R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lambourne
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nixon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D015571:Follicular Fluid; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D002784:Cholesterol