title: Application of high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for determination of chromium compounds in the air at the workplace.
abstract: The toxicity and bioavailability of chromium species are highly dependable on the form or species, therefore determination of total chromium is insufficient for a complete toxicological evaluation and risk assessment. An analytical method for determination of soluble and insoluble Cr (III) and Cr (VI) compounds in welding fume at workplace air has been developed. The total chromium (Cr) was determined by using quadruple inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipped with a dynamic reaction cell (DRC(®)). Soluble trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). A high-speed, reversed-phase CR C8 column (PerkinElmer, Inc., Shelton, CT, USA) was used for the speciation of soluble Cr (III) and soluble Cr (VI). The separation was accomplished by interaction of the chromium species with the different components of the mobile phase. Cr (III) formed a complex with EDTA, i.e. retained on the column, while Cr (VI) existed in the solutions as dichromate. Alkaline extraction (2% KOH and 3% Na2CO3) and anion exchange column (PRP-X100, PEEK, Hamilton) were used for the separation of the total Cr (VI). The results of the determination of Cr (VI) were confirmed by the analysis of the certified reference material BCR CRM 545 (Cr (VI) in welding dust). The results obtained for the certified material (40.2±0.6 g kg(-1)) and the values recorded in the examined samples (40.7±0.6 g kg(-1)) were highly consistent. This analytical method was applied for the determination of chromium in the samples in the workplace air collected onto glass (Whatman, Ø 37 mm) and membrane filters (Sartorius, 0.8 μm, Ø 37 mm). High performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a remarkably powerful and versatile technique for determination of chromium species in welding fume at workplace air.
authors.affiliation: Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: magda@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanislawska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janasik
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wasowicz
mesh_terms: D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis*; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014896:Welding; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D004492:Edetic Acid
keywords: Chromium; HPLC–ICP-MS; Speciation; Workplace air