title: Linguistic markers of emotion in mothers of sickle cell carrier infants: what are they and what do they mean?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to examine emotion-related language in mothers' narratives about newborn screening, and test the correlations between language and self-reported emotion and behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcripts of interviews with mothers of infant sickle cell carriers were analyzed with word count software for the prevalence of emotion-related words in narratives about newborn screening. Word counts were compared to population norms for spoken language using one-sample t-tests. Anxiety-related words were correlated with self-reported anxiety and avoidance of genetic testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  187 transcripts were analyzed, in which there was a higher percentage of anxiety words (m=.38%) than population norms (m=.18%), t(186)=10.59, p<.001, CI=.16-.23. Anxiety-related word use was positively correlated with self-reported previous anxiety, rs(185)=.24, p=.001. Self-reported previous anxiety, but not word use, was correlated with mothers' avoidance of undergoing genetic testing themselves rs(152)=.25, p=.002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers of sickle cell carrier infants reported anxiety upon learning their child's condition. Anxiety-related words in maternal narratives were correlated with their reports of past, but not present, emotions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Researchers and clinicians should use caution in assuming that word choices reflect state emotions. Self-report methods may be preferable for predicting behavioral outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. Electronic address: nahmad@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Nadia Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Emotion measurement; LIWC; Linguistic analysis; Newborn screening; Parental anxiety; Sickle cell carriers