title: Vanillin protects human keratinocyte stem cells against ultraviolet B irradiation.
abstract: Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation is one of major factors which induce cellular damages in the epidermis. We investigated protective effects and mechanisms of vanillin, a main constituent of vanilla beans, against UVB-induced cellular damages in keratinocyte stem cells (KSC). Here, vanillin significantly attenuated UVB irradiation-induced cytotoxicity. The vanillin effects were also demonstrated by the results of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase and alkaline comet assays. In addition, vanillin induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Attempts to elucidate a possible mechanism underlying the vanillin-mediated effects revealed that vanillin significantly reduced UVB-induced phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), serine threonine kinase checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53), p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK), S6 ribosomal protein (S6RP), and histone 2A family member X (H2A.X). UVB-induced activation of p53 luciferase reporter was also significantly inhibited by vanillin. In addition, while ATM inhibitor had no effect on the vanillin effects, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor significantly attenuated suppressive effects of vanillin on UVB-induced activation of p53 reporter in KSC. Taken together, these findings suggest that vanillin protects KSC from UVB irradiation and its effects may occur through the suppression of downstream step of MDM2 in UVB irradiation-induced p53 activation.
authors.affiliation: Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-Ro, Manan-Gu, Anyang-Si, 430-757 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jienny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, 440-746 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, 461-701 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-Ro, Manan-Gu, Anyang-Si, 430-757 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwlee@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatological Health Management, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-Si, 461-713 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Biomedical Science & Engineering, Eulji University, Seongna-Si, 461-713 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jslee@eulji.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jongsung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-Ro, Manan-Gu, Anyang-Si, 430-757 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D011506:Proteins; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C100058:vanillin
keywords: Keratinocyte stem cells; MDM2; Ultraviolet B; Vanillin; p53