title: X-ray microdiffraction of biominerals.
abstract: Biominerals have complex and heterogeneous architectures, hence diffraction experiments with spatial resolutions between 500 nm and 10 μm are extremely useful to characterize them. X-ray beams in this size range are now routinely produced at many synchrotrons. This chapter provides a review of the different hard X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques, used in conjunction with efficient, state-of-the-art X-ray focusing optics. These include monochromatic X-ray microdiffraction, polychromatic (Laue) X-ray microdiffraction, and microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering. We present some of the most relevant discoveries made in the field of biomineralization using these approaches.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nobumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Pupa U P A
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Biomineral; Bragg; Crystal; Crystallite; Debye–Scherrer; Diffraction; Diffractometer; Grain; Inverse pole figure; Laue; Material; Mesocrystal; Microbeam; Microdiffraction; Microfocus; Mineral; Monochromatic; Multigrain; Pattern; Pink beam; Pole figure; Polychromatic; Polycrystalline; Powder; Reflection; SAXS; Small-angle scattering; Structure; Synchrotron; Texture; WAXS; White beam; White light; Wide-angle scattering; X-ray