title: Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber in combination with rosiglitazone improved glucose metabolism in the liver of the insulin-resistant mice.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of a combination of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (CHS) and rosiglitazone (RSG) on glucose metabolism in the liver of insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet for 19 weeks. The results showed that the combination (CHS/RSG) synergistically improved body weight gain, liver weight, fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance on an oral glucose tolerance test, serum insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment indexes, and hepatic glycogen content. In liver tissue, CHS/RSG significantly normalized the activities of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. In additionally, it increased the mRNA expression of insulin receptors, insulin receptor substrate 2, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB), and glycogen synthase, and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β) mRNA expression in the liver. This suggests that CHS/RSG treatment improves glucose metabolism by modulating metabolic enzymes and strengthening the PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β signal pathway mediated by insulin at the transcriptional level.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China.
authors.forename: Shiwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yaoguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jingfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Changhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Zhaojie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C517150:fucosylated chondroitin sulfate; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D006003:Glycogen; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D006593:Hexokinase; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase