title: Elevated expression of T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck and its clinical significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam1) overexpression has been reported in a variety of human cancers. However, the investigation of Tiam1 in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is extremely rare. The aim of the present study is to assess Tiam1 expression and to explore its role in SCCHN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tiam1 expression in 119 primary SCCHN tissue specimens was analysed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patients' survival. Additionally, 12 paired SCCHN tissues were evaluated for Tiam1 expression by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western blotting indicated that Tiam1 expression levels in SCCHN carcinomas were significantly higher than those in the corresponding paraneoplastic tissues (P<0.001). Immmunohistochemistry staining revealed that Tiam1 was detected in all primary tumour samples, moreover, Tiam1 overexpression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), clinical stage (P<0.001), histological grade (P=0.001) and recurrence (P<0.001). Survival analysis demonstrated that high Tiam1 expression was significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival (both P<0.001). When combining the Tiam1 expression and lymph node status, Kaplan-Meier survival showed that patients with Tiam1 overexpression/lymph node metastasis (+) had both shorter disease-free and overall survival than others (both P<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis confirmed that lymph node metastasis, histological grade and Tiam1 overexpression were statistically significant, independent predictor of prognosis for patients with SCCHN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tiam1 may contribute to SCCHN progression, and represent as a novel prognostic indicator as well as a potential therapeutic target for SCCHN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Shisheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China. Electronic address: x16y2013@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Xinming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Bingbing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000075684:T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D000075684:T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1; C087334:TIAM1 protein, human
keywords: Head and neck cancer; Metastasis; Prognosis; Squamous-cell carcinoma; Tiam1