title: Design and synthesis of novel antimicrobials with activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacterial species, including M. tuberculosis.
abstract: The alarming increase in bacterial resistance over the last decade along with a dramatic decrease in new treatments for infections has led to problems in the healthcare industry. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is responsible for 1.4 million deaths per year. A world-wide threat with HIV co-infected with multi and extensively drug-resistant strains of TB has emerged. In this regard, herein, novel acrylic acid ethyl ester derivatives were synthesized in simple, efficient routes and evaluated as potential agents against several Mycobacterium species. These were synthesized via a stereospecific process for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays indicated that esters 12, 13, and 20 exhibited greater in vitro activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis than rifampin, one of the current, first-line anti-mycobacterial chemotherapeutic agents. Based on these studies the acrylic ester 20 has been developed as a potential lead compound which was found to have an MIC value of 0.4 μg/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The SAR and biological activity of this series is presented; a Michael-acceptor mechanism appears to be important for potent activity of this series of analogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
authors.forename: V V N Phani Babu
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tiruveedhula
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Witzigmann
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: M Shahjahan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rott
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Schwan
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Medina-Bielski
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Close
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Polanowski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Acrylic esters; Anti-tuberculosis; Michael-acceptor; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis