title: Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little information is available on the need for dosage changes for lamotrigine in pregnant women with bipolar disorder. The authors present new data on serial serum levels of lamotrigine in pregnant patients on lamotrigine monotherapy. They also review the epilepsy literature on use of lamotrigine during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lamotrigine serum samples were obtained from eight mother-infant pairs at different time points during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the women were taking lamotrigine throughout pregnancy. Serum-level-to-dose ratios were lower during pregnancy than the postpartum period. Lamotrigine was taken once daily in doses ranging from 100 mg to 300 mg. Three patients had an increase of 50 mg to their daily dose across pregnancy. The change in serum lamotrigine levels in the postpartum period ranged from a 30% decrease to a 640% increase compared with the first level obtained during pregnancy. Level-to-dose ratios obtained within 4 weeks after delivery reflected a mean level 402% greater than the baseline level during gestation. Compared with the third trimester, lamotrigine serum concentration increased an average of 154% within 5 weeks after delivery. The most dramatic increase in lamotrigine serum level early after delivery occurred at 1.5 weeks. The mean infant cord level was 66% of the maternal serum level at delivery. The mean breast-fed infant serum level was 32.5% of the maternal serum levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of lamotrigine changes during pregnancy in these women with bipolar disorder was consistent with that described in the epilepsy literature.
authors.forename: Crystal T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Autumn M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Perel
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helsel
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wisner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine