title: Effect of lip position and gingival display on smile and esthetics as perceived by college students with different educational backgrounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of education on the perception of female college students on the effect of lip position and gingival display upon smiling and esthetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A photograph of a smiling subject was altered to show varying degrees of gingival display. Female students, who were studying in different colleges, assessed a total of five images, using a numerical rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 440 college students from eight educational faculties (dentistry, dental assistants, medicine, medical technology, nursing, science, arts, and pharmacology) participated in this study. There was no difference found between students' ratings of the altered images (P<0.05). The perception of a gummy smile was found to be similar among the participants. There was agreement between all participants that 2 mm of gingival display was the most attractive smile, while a 4 mm covering of the teeth by the upper lip was the least attractive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Educational influence did not have an effect of the perception of a gummy smile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zawawi
authors.forename: Ghadah A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Malki
authors.forename: Mohammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Zahrani
authors.forename: Yaser M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Alkhiary
keywords: educational background; gingival display; gummy smile; perception; smile; smile esthetic