title: A new model for the study of secondary intra-abdominal hypertension in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To build a new and appropriate model of secondary intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. Group I: the rats were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg for 1 h and portal hypertension was induced by partial ligation of the portal vein 1 h later; Group II: after inducing portal hypertension, hemorrhagic shock of MAP of 40 mm Hg was induced and maintained for 1 h; Group III: after inducing portal hypertension, hemorrhagic shock of MAP of 40 mm Hg was induced and maintained for 2 h; Group IV: after inducing portal hypertension, hemorrhagic shock of MAP of 40 mm Hg was induced and maintained for 2 h, and a specially designed abdominal restraint device was used. After these procedures, respectively, the collected blood was reinfused and lactated Ringer solution was continuously infused until the secondary IAH model was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No models were built in Groups I, II, and III. One rat died in Group IV after portal vein ligation, and all the remaining rats successfully developed IAH; the success rate was 87.5%. During the resuscitation period, the average time was 5.26 ± 0.59 h and the average total infusion volume was 665.5 ± 86.04 mL/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rat model of secondary IAH was successfully established by resuscitation after a combination of inducing portal hypertension, hemorrhaging to a MAP of 40 mm Hg for 2 h, and using an abdominal restraint device. All these criteria mimic key etiological factors for the development of secondary IAH.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Mingtao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: dpzhangly@163.com.
authors.forename: Lianyang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Guangkuo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Trauma Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008026:Ligation; D010690:Phlebography; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Hemorrhagic shock; Intra-abdominal hypertension; Rats; Resuscitation