title: Brachycephalic airway syndrome.
abstract: Brachycephalic airway syndrome is a common finding in brachycephalic breeds. A combination of primary and secondary changes can progress to life-threatening laryngeal collapse. Early recognition of primary anatomic abnormalities that include stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, and hypoplastic trachea would allow the clinician to make early recommendations for medical and surgical management, which can improve the quality of life in affected animals.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital and Veterinary Specialists, Wheat Ridge, CO, USA. Electronic address: smeola@wrah.com.
authors.forename: Stacy D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Meola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007830:Larynx / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology; D057805:Pets / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology
keywords: brachycephalic airway disease; elongated soft palate; hypoplastic trachea; laryngeal collapse; nasopharyngeal turbinates; stenotic nares