title: An alternative pathway through the Fenton reaction for the formation of advanced oxidation protein products, a new class of inflammatory mediators.
abstract: The accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) has been linked to several pathological conditions, and their levels are formed during oxidative stress as a result of reactions between plasma proteins and chlorinated oxidants produced by myeloperoxidase (MPO). However, it was suggested that the generation of this mediator of inflammation may also occur via an MPO-independent pathway. The aim of this study was to induce the formation of AOPPs in vitro through Fenton reaction and to investigate whether this generation could be counteracted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). The complete Fenton system increased the AOPPs levels and both NAC and FBP were capable of inhibiting the formation of Fenton reaction-induced AOPPs. These data provide a new hypothesis about another pathway of AOPPs formation, as well as report that NAC and FBP may be good candidates to neutralize pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects of AOPPs in several diseases.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme Vargas
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Bochi
authors.forename: Vanessa Dorneles
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Torbitz
authors.forename: Lara Peruzzolo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Cargnin
authors.forename: José Antonio Mainardi
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Rafael Noal
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moresco
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products / Q000097:blood*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D062107:Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; D000975:Antioxidants; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; C029063:fructose-1,6-diphosphate; D000111:Acetylcysteine