title: Occupational, life stress and family functioning: does it affect semen quality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although psychological stress has been implicated as a cause of idiopathic infertility in both men and women, it has received little scientific attention among males as compared to females. The aim of the study was to examine the association between occupational, life stress, family functioning and semen quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 327 men who were attending an infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes. Psychological stress was assessed based on two questionnaires: The Subjective Work Characteristics Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. The level of satisfaction with family functioning and support was evaluated by means of the APGAR Family Scale. The findings suggest that, on the one hand, exposure to occupational stressors can be negatively associated with semen quality (there was a positive association between stress and the percentage of sperm with DNA damage (p = 0.03) and atypical sperm (p = 0.05)); on the other hand, there was no correlation between the level of life stress and semen quality indicators. Negative associations were found between satisfaction with family functioning and the percentage of motile sperm cells (p = 0.02), VAP (p = 0.05), VSL (p = 0.05) and VCL (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that occupational stress can affect male semen quality; however, due to limited data on this issue, the obtained results should be confirmed in longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine , 91-362 Lodz , Poland .
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jurewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merecz-Kot
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sobala
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ligocka
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bochenek
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult