title: [Staphylococcus aureus broncho-pulmonary infections].
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus accounts for 2-5% of the etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia. These infections occur mainly in elderly patients with comorbidity, after a respiratory viral infection. S. aureus could also be responsible for necrotizing pneumonia, which occurs in young subjects, also after flu. Necrotizing pneumonia are associated with the production of a particular staphylococcal toxin called Panton-Valentine leukocidin, responsible for pulmonary focal necrosis, occurrence haemoptysis, leucopenia, and death. In Europe, these strains are still predominantly sensitive to anti-staphylococcal penicillin, which must be used at high dosage intravenously in combination with an antibiotic that reduces toxin production such as clindamycin, and intravenous immunoglobulin in severe cases. The mortality rate is estimated at 50%. In addition, S. aureus is one of the pathogens involved in early respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients, in whom methicillin resistance plays an important prognostic role. However, the involvement of S. aureus in COPD exacerbations is rare. Finally, S. aureus represents 20 to 30% of cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. In these cases, methicillin-resistance is common and requires the use of glycopeptides or linezolid. The place of new anti-staphylococcal antibiotics such as new generation cephalosporins or tigecyclin remains to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valour
authors.affiliation: Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chebib
authors.affiliation: Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; Service d'urgences pédiatriques, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 69500 Bron, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gillet
authors.affiliation: Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Service de pneumologie, allergologie, mucoviscidose, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 69500 Bron, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reix
authors.affiliation: Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de bactériologie, hospices civils de Lyon, groupement hospitalier Nord, 69004 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.affiliation: Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chidiac
authors.affiliation: Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France. Electronic address: tristan.ferry@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferry
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001996:Bronchopneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Broncho-pulmonary infection; Hospital-acquired pneumonia; Leucocidine de Panton-Valantine; Panton-Valentin leukocidin; Pneumopathie; Pneumopathie nococomiale; Staphylococcus aureus