title: The secretion of IL-1β and options for release.
abstract: Unlike most cytokines, IL-1β lacks a secretory signal sequence raising the question of how is this cytokine processed and delivered outside the producing cells. After the seminal observation that IL-1β is actively secreted by human monocytes through a route alternative to the classic endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi, several different pathways have been proposed for IL-1β secretion in different cell types and culture conditions, some of which are unique to macrophage cell lines. Here we describe the most credited of these pathways. In particular, we will focus on IL-1β secretion from primary human blood monocytes. In fact, although data from macrophages or macrophage cell lines are predominant, secretion of IL-1β by monocytes is the most clinically relevant.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genova, Italy. Electronic address: patrizia.piccioli@hsanmartino.it.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piccioli
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genova, Italy. Electronic address: anna.rubartelli@hsanmartino.it.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubartelli
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000276:immunology; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C508585:IL1B protein, human; D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011498:Protein Precursors; D020170:Caspase 1
keywords: Autophagy; IL-1β; Inflammasome; Leaderless secretion; Microvesicles; Secretory lysosomes