title: CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease: "noncognitive" outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether CSF Alzheimer disease biomarkers (β-amyloid 42 [Aβ42], tau, phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 [ptau181], tau/Aβ42, and ptau181/Aβ42) predict future decline in noncognitive outcomes among individuals cognitively normal at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal data from participants (N = 430) who donated CSF within 1 year of a clinical assessment indicating normal cognition and were aged 50 years or older were analyzed. Mixed linear models were used to test whether baseline biomarker values predicted future decline in function (instrumental activities of daily living), weight, behavior, and mood. Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes and Mini-Mental State Examination scores were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal levels of each biomarker were related to greater impairment with time in behavior (p < 0.035) and mood (p < 0.012) symptoms, and more difficulties with independent activities of daily living (p < 0.012). However, biomarker levels were unrelated to weight change with time (p > 0.115). As expected, abnormal biomarker values also predicted more rapidly changing Mini-Mental State Examination (p < 0.041) and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (p < 0.001) scores compared with normal values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSF biomarkers among cognitively normal individuals are associated with future decline in some, but not all, noncognitive Alzheimer disease symptoms studied. Additional work is needed to determine the extent to which these findings generalize to other samples.
authors.affiliation: From the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (C.M.R., A.M.F., E.A.G., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Department of Neurology (C.M.R., A.M.F., D.M.H., J.C.M.), Hope Center for Neurological Disorders (A.M.F., D.M.H.), Departments of Pathology and Immunology (J.C.M.), Physical Therapy (J.C.M.), and Occupational Therapy (J.C.M.), and Division of Biostatistics (E.A.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Holtzman
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins