title: Resistance circuit training reduced inflammatory cytokines in a cohort of male adults with Down syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is widely accepted that muscle strength plays a key role on functional tasks of daily living and employability in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Recent studies have also reported resistance training may improve chronic inflammation in other clinical situations. This is the first study conducted to determine the effect of resistance circuit training on low-grade systemic inflammation in adults with DS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 young male adults with DS were recruited for the trial through different community support groups for people with intellectual disabilities and their families. They had medical approval for physical activity participation. Twenty-four were randomly assigned to perform resistance circuit training with 6 stations, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Exercise intensity was based on function of the 8RM assessments. The control group included 16 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched adults with Down syndrome. Plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and TNF-a were assessed by commercial ELISA kits. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed by nephelometry. Body composition was also determined, measuring fat-free mass percentage and waist circumference (WC). This protocol was approved by our Institutional Ethics Committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of leptin, TNF-a, and IL-6 were significantly decreased after the completion of the training program, as were fat-free mass and WC. No sports-related injuries or withdrawals from the program were reported during the entire study period. No changes were observed in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance circuit training improved low-grade systemic inflammation in male sedentary adults with DS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Juan Ramon Jimenez Hospital, Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosety-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosety
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fornieles
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rosety
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosety
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ordonez
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha