title: [A debate of the legal regulation of organ transplantation in West and East Germany (1960 - 1989). A comparative study].
abstract: The debate on the legal frameworks of organ transplantation in Germany began in the 1960s with the upcoming of new medical treatments. Since there were two German States at that time, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR), the process of the discussion on the way to legislation took place under two very different circumstances. In 1975 the GDR implemented a decree regarding the legal aspects of organ transplantation. Meanwhile the discussion in the FRG proceeded with no result until 1997. The analysis of articles in German medical and juridical journals in the period 1960-1989 showed that the discussion in the GDR was less intensive than in the FRG and nearly stopped after the decree from 1975. The majority of the East-German authors preferred an arrangement that will keep the next of kin of a deceased person out of the process of organ transplantation. They argued for the so-called "Widerspruchslösung" (dissent solution): During his lifetime, the donor must have denied organ removal after his death; otherwise organ explantation will be performed. The law of 1975 was consistent with this preference. In West-Germany the motifs concerning the legal aspects of organ transplantation changed over the time. The discussion started with the same arguments that were used in East-Germany. The physicians wished some kind of "Widerspruchslösung" manifested by a draft law, but their requests changed over time. In the early 1980s, most of the West-German authors pleaded for what had become the code of practice because no bill was passed by the politicians: the "Zustimmungslösung" (consent solution). The physician was obliged to ask the next of kin if there was any statement of the potential donor towards organ donation. Some authors even considered a bill unnecessary, as the system organ transplantation in West-Germany was working well without it. A massive change in the West-German medical society from fighting for a "Widerspruchslösung" to acceptance of a "Zustimmungslösung" or even no legal frame at all was observed.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät der RWTH Aachen, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen. jlohmeier@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lohmeier
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D005859:Germany, East; D005860:Germany, West; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007603:Jurisprudence / Q000266:history*; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000266:history*; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000266:history*