title: Five-year outcome after gastric bypass for morbid obesity in a Norwegian cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few long-term reports with high rates of follow-up are available after gastric bypass. We report changes in weight, co-morbidity, cardiovascular risk, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 5 years after gastric bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had gastric bypass (2004-2006) were included. Prospective data were reviewed. Long-term complications, cardiovascular risk factors, and HRQoL were evaluated, and the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease was estimated (Framingham risk score). Outcomes were compared in patients with body mass index (BMI)<50 and ≥50 kg/m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 184 of 203 patients (91%) met to follow-up. The mean ± SD preoperative BMI was 46 ± 5 kg/m(2), and the mean ± SD age was 38 ± 9 years; 75% were women. Thirty-two percent of the patients had a BMI ≥50 kg/m(2), and 30% had type 2 diabetes. Follow-up was 63 ± 5 months. After 5 years, total weight loss was 27% ± 11%. Remission of type 2 diabetes had occurred in 67%. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and metabolic syndrome had decreased. HRQoL was improved. The Framingham risk score was reduced (5.6% versus 4.6%; P = .021). Sixty-one patients (33%) had long-term complications, most commonly chronic abdominal pain (10%). BMI was 33 ± 5 and 37 ± 7 kg/m(2) in patients with preoperative BMI<50 and ≥50 kg/m(2), but changes in metabolic, cardiovascular risk profile and HRQoL were broadly similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beneficial effects on weight loss, cardiovascular risk, and HRQoL were documented 5 years after gastric bypass in morbidly and super-obese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aftab
authors.affiliation: Department of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: hilde.risstad@ous-hf.no.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Risstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Torgeir T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Søvik
authors.affiliation: R&D Department, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway.
authors.forename: Tomm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bernklev
authors.affiliation: Department of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bariatric; Cardiovascular risk; Follow-up studies; Gastric bypass; Obesity; Quality of life; Treatment outcome; Weight loss