title: Dietary selenium and nutritional plane alter specific aspects of maternal endocrine status during pregnancy and lactation.
abstract: Objectives were to examine effects of selenium (Se) supply and maternal nutritional plane during gestation on placental size at term and maternal endocrine profiles throughout gestation and early lactation. Ewe lambs (n = 84) were allocated to treatments that included Se supply of adequate Se (ASe; 11.5 μg/kg BW) or high Se (HSe; 77 μg/kg BW) initiated at breeding and nutritional plane of 60% (RES), 100% (CON), or 140% (EXC) of requirements beginning on day 40 of gestation. At parturition, lambs were removed from their dams, and ewes were transitioned to a common diet that met requirements of lactation. Blood samples were taken from a subset of ewes (n = 42) throughout gestation, during parturition, and throughout lactation to determine hormone concentrations. Cotyledon number was reduced (P = 0.03) in RES and EXC ewes compared with CON ewes. Placental delivery time tended (P = 0.08) to be shorter in HSe ewes than in ASe ewes, whereas placental delivery time was longer (P = 0.02) in RES ewes than in CON and EXC ewes. During gestation, maternal progesterone, estradiol-17β, and GH were increased (P < 0.05) in RES ewes and decreased (P < 0.05) in EXC ewes compared with CON ewes. In contrast, maternal cortisol, IGF-I, prolactin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were decreased in RES ewes and increased in EXC ewes compared with CON ewes during gestation. Selenium supply did not alter maternal hormone profiles during gestation. During parturition and lactation, maternal hormone concentrations were influenced by both Se and maternal nutritional plane. During the parturient process, HSe ewes tended to have greater (P = 0.06) concentrations of estradiol-17β than ASe ewes. Three hours after parturition a surge of GH was observed in ASe-RES ewes that was muted in HSe-RES ewes and not apparent in other ewes. Growth hormone area under the curve during the parturient process was increased (P < 0.05) in ASe-RES vs HSe-RES ewes. Ewes that were overfed during gestation had reduced (P < 0.05) estradiol-17β but greater IGF-I, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine (P < 0.05) compared with RES ewes. Even though ewes were transitioned to a common diet after parturition, endocrine status continued to be affected into lactation. Moreover, it appears that gestational diet may partially affect lactational performance through altered endocrine status.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Lemley
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hallford
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Maddock-Carlin
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wilmoth
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Redmer
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Caton
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108. Electronic address: kim.vonnahme@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vonnahme
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012756:Sheep / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D012643:Selenium; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Endocrinology; Placenta; Pregnancy; Selenium; Sheep