title: Synthesis of hyaluronan and superficial zone protein in synovial membrane cells modulated by fluid flow.
abstract: Hyaluronan (HA) and superficial zone protein (SZP) distribute in joint structures and play a crucial role in joint lubrication. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fluid flow on the synthesis of both HA and SZP in synovial membrane cells. Shear stress was applied by fluid flow to the rabbit synovial membrane cell line, HIG-82. The mRNA levels of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) , HA synthase 3 (HAS3), and SZP were examined by real-time PCR. The levels of HA and SZP protein were determined by sandwich ELISA and western blotting, respectively. The expression of SZP protein was increased by the application of low-magnitude shear stress, whereas high-magnitude shear stress decreased expression of SZP protein. Meanwhile, the level of HA protein in culture was decreased when high-magnitude shear stress was applied. The levels of both HAS2 and HAS3 mRNAs were down-regulated by high-magnitude shear stress, resulting in a significant decrease in HA concentration. In conclusion, it is shown that the application of shear stress to synovial membrane cells substantially affects the synthesis of both HA and SZP, which are inhibited if excessive stress is applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagida-Suekawa
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanne
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsuyoshi
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Shaoching
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanne
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011817:Rabbits; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: fluid flow; hyaluronan; shear stress; superficial zone protein; synovial membrane cells