title: A self-reported questionnaire for quantifying illness symptoms in elite athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a questionnaire that quantifies the self-reported frequency, duration and severity of illness symptoms in highly-trained athletes. We examined whether runners had more symptoms than recreationally-active individuals, and whether runners more prone to illness were undertaking more strenuous training programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A daily illness questionnaire was administered for three months during the summer to quantify the type, frequency, duration, and severity of illness symptoms as well as the functional impact on the ability to undertake exercise performance. A total of 35 participants (12 highly-trained runners living in a community setting and 23 recreationally-active medical students) completed the questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Runners had a similar frequency of illness (2.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.8 ± 2.3 episodes, mean ± SD, P = 0.58), but substantially longer duration (5.5 ± 9.9 vs 2.8 ± 3.1 days, P < 0.01) and illness load (7.7 ± 16.2 vs 4.5 ± 4.8 units, P = 0.001) than age- and sex-matched recreationally-active individuals respectively. Runners more prone to illness symptoms had marginally higher training loads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The athlete illness questionnaire is useful for quantifying the pattern of self-reported symptoms of illness in field settings. Highly-trained runners experience longer episodes of illness with a greater impact on daily activity than recreationally-active individuals.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pyne
authors.forename: Philo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Kieran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fricker
keywords: athlete; exercise performance; questionnaire; self-reported illness