title: Image-based, fiber guiding scaffolds: a platform for regenerating tissue interfaces.
abstract: In the oral and craniofacial complex, tooth loss is the most commonly acquired disfiguring injury. Among the most formidable challenges of reconstructing tooth-supporting osseous defects in the oral cavity is the regeneration of functional multi-tissue complexes involving bone, ligament, and tooth cementum. Furthermore, periodontal multi-tissue engineering with spatiotemporal orientation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) remains the most challenging obstacle for restoration of physiological loading and homeostasis. We report on the ability of a hybrid computer-designed scaffold--developed utilizing computed tomography--to predictably facilitate the regeneration and integration of dental supporting tissues. Here, we provide the protocol for rapid prototyping, manufacture, surgical implantation, and evaluation of dual-architecture scaffolds for controlling fiber orientation and facilitating morphogenesis of bone-ligament complexes. In contrast to conventional single-system methods of fibrous tissue formation, our protocol supports rigorous control of multi-compartmental scaffold architecture using computational scaffold design and manufacturing by 3D printing, as well as the evaluation of newly regenerated tissue physiology for clinical implementation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Chan Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hector F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Andrei D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Taut
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padial-Molina
authors.forename: Colleen L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: Sophia P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pilipchuk
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hollister
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Giannobile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed