title: The expression of prostaglandin receptors EP3 and EP4 in human cervix in post-term pregnancy differs between failed and successful labor induction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate expression and localization of prostaglandin receptors EP1-4 and FP and localization of stromal factors CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), furin, calgranulin B and ALOX15 (arachidonate 15-lipooxygenase) in human cervical tissue from post-term women with failed or successful labor induction after prostaglandin priming.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary obstetric care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six women giving birth post-term, with failed or successful labor induction, and a control group consisting of 19 women with spontaneous onset of labor and delivery at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsies were obtained from post-term women with successful (responders; R) and failed (non-responders; NR) labor induction. Women with spontaneous delivery at term were included as controls (C). mRNA expression was determined with real time PCR, protein expression and localization with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons of mRNA and protein expressions between post-term pregnancies with failed and successful labor induction as well as term controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EP4 mRNA expression was down-regulated concomitant with an up-regulation of EP3 mRNA expression in cervix from the NR group as compared with the R group. In stroma, immunoreactivity of the EP4 protein was increased in the NR group as compared with R and C groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failure of cervical ripening, after local application of prostaglandins for labor induction, may be caused by the increased expression of EP3 and concomitant decrease in EP4 expression.
authors.affiliation: Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Chellakkan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Blesson
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stephansson
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masironi
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vladic Stjernholm
authors.forename: Gunvor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ekman-Ordeberg
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sahlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020070:Cervical Ripening / Q000378:metabolism*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism*; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D045683:Furin / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007751:Labor, Induced; D011247:Pregnancy; D011273:Pregnancy, Prolonged / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin / Q000378:metabolism; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype / Q000378:metabolism*; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D040502:Calgranulin B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; C034671:prostaglandin F2alpha receptor; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; D045683:Furin
keywords: Prolonged pregnancy; cervical ripening; extracellular matrix; labor induction; prostaglandin receptors