title: Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 predicts all-cause mortality and cancer-related mortality in subjects with colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the breakdown of amines to produce aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. Serum VAP-1 can predict cancer mortality, including colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, in type 2 diabetic subjects. However, it remains unknown if serum VAP-1 can predict mortality in CRC patients. This prospective cohort study investigates if serum VAP-1 is a novel biomarker for mortality prediction in CRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 300 CRC patients. Preoperative serum VAP-1 was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. They were followed until September 2009 or death, which was ascertained by the National Death Registration System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 4.7 years. Compared with normal counterpart, VAP-1 immunoactivity was upregulated in CRC tissues, especially at the invasion front. Serum VAP-1 can independently predict all-cause mortality (HR: 1.0026, 95% CI: 1.0003-1.0050, P<0.05) and cancer-related mortality (HR: 1.0026, 95% CI: 1.0001-1.0050, P<0.05). A risk score composed of age, gender, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) >5 ng/ml, tumor grading, tumor staging, and serum VAP-1 could stratify CRC patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk subgroups, with a 5-year mortality rate of 10%, 34%, and 78%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum VAP-1 predicts mortality independently and improves risk stratification in CRC subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ji-Shiang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tse-Ya
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyh-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.affiliation: Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jung-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsien-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lee-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Tung
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Shun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Huang
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Shiee
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Tung
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)
keywords: Colorectal cancer; Mortality; Primary amine oxidase; Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; Vascular adhesion protein-1