title: Bisphenol A and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor (ED) that has been associated with obesity and metabolic changes in liver in humans. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 40% of all obese children in the United States. Association of BPA with NAFLD in children is poorly understood. We investigated if BPA might play a role.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross sectional study of 39 obese and overweight children aged 3-8 years enrolled from the Children Medical Center of Dayton, Ohio, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical assessment of serum samples were conducted. Urinary BPA was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and was adjusted for urinary creatinine BPA (creatinine) using linear regression and spline analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher urinary BPA (creatinine) concentration in overweight and obese children was associated with increasing free thyroxine. In male children BPA (creatinine) decreased with age, and was associated with elevated liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase and diastolic blood pressure. The association of BPA (creatinine) persisted even after adjusting for age and ethnicity. Also in males, BPA concentration unadjusted for creatinine was significantly associated with serum fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) showing non-monotonic exposure-response relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary BPA in obese children, at least in males is associated with adverse liver and metabolic effects, and high diastolic blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: 3123 Research Blvd, Suite #200, Center for Global Health, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State, University, Dayton, OH, USA. Electronic address: naila.khalil@wright.edu.
authors.forename: Naila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: The Pediatric Lipid Clinic, the Children's Medical Center of Dayton, One Children's Plaza, Dayton, OH 45404, USA. Electronic address: James.Ebert@wright.edu.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 231 Albert Sabin Way, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA. Electronic address: Scott.Belcher@uc.edu.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belcher
authors.affiliation: Community Health and Pediatrics, Wright State University, 3171 Research Blvd. Dayton, OH 45420-4006, USA. Electronic address: miryoung.lee@wright.edu.
authors.forename: Miryoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Community Health, Wright State University, 3171 Research Blvd. Dayton, OH 45420, USA. Electronic address: stefan.czerwinski@wright.edu.
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Czerwinski
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA. Electronic address: kkannan@wadsworth.org.
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000097:blood*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Childhood obesity; Endocrine disruptor; Non-monotonic dose response; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Spline analysis