title: The human cell surfaceome of breast tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell surface proteins are ideal targets for cancer therapy and diagnosis. We have identified a set of more than 3700 genes that code for transmembrane proteins believed to be at human cell surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a high-throuput qPCR system for the analysis of 573 cell surface protein-coding genes in 12 primary breast tumors, 8 breast cell lines, and 21 normal human tissues including breast. To better understand the role of these genes in breast tumors, we used a series of bioinformatics strategies to integrates different type, of the datasets, such as KEGG, protein-protein interaction databases, ONCOMINE, and data from, literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that at least 77 genes are overexpressed in breast primary tumors while at least 2 of them have also a restricted expression pattern in normal tissues. We found common signaling pathways that may be regulated in breast tumors through the overexpression of these cell surface protein-coding genes. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the genes found in this report and other genes associated with features clinically relevant for breast tumorigenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression profiling generated in this study, together with an integrative bioinformatics analysis, allowed us to identify putative targets for breast tumors.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil ; Center for Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlia Pinheiro Chagas
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Pedro Alexandre Favoretto
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: Jorge Estefano Santana
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieprzyk
authors.forename: Dirce Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Lloyd J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Old
authors.forename: Anamaria Aranha
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Sandro José
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019295:Computational Biology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins