title: Potential impact of quercetin and idebenone against immuno- inflammatory and oxidative renal damage induced in rats by titanium dioxide nanoparticles toxicity.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic impacts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) on rat kidneys and the possible prophylactic role of either quercetin or idebenone. TiO₂-NPs were administered orally at either 600 mg or 1 g/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days to evaluate dose-dependent toxicity referred to the OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. The results showed that administration of either low or high repeated doses of TiO₂-NPs to rats significantly increases serum kideney function biomarkers (urea, creatinine and uric acid) as well as increases in serum glucose and serum immuno- inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobin g (IGg), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, angiogenic factor) and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in renal GSH content versus normal control values. The increase in these biomarkers was more evident in rats intoxicated with high TiO₂-NPs repeated doses. Oral co- administration of either quercetin or idebenone (each 200mg/Kg body weight) daily for three weeks to rats intoxicated by either of the two doses markedly ameliorated TiO₂-NPs induced alteration in the above biomarkers. The prophylactic impacts of both agents on biochemical markers were more pronounced in rats received low TiO₂-NPs repeated doses. The biochemical investigation was supported by histological examination. In conclusion, The data showed the severity in renotoxicity of TiO₂-NPs was dose-dependent and the protective effect of quercetin and idebenone may be related to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University.
authors.forename: Nouf M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Faddah
authors.forename: Azza M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Nayira A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Abdel Baky
authors.forename: Nawal M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.forename: Raeesa A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mohammad
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014451:Ubiquinone; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014508:Urea; D011794:Quercetin; D003404:Creatinine; D014025:Titanium; C036619:idebenone