title: Calcium requirement of phytochrome-mediated fern-spore germination: No direct phytochrome-calcium interaction in the phytochrome-initiated transduction chain.
abstract: Phytochrome-mediated germination of fern spores of Dryopteris paleacea Sw. was initiated by a saturating red-light (R) irradiation after 20 h of imbibition. For its realization external Ca(2+) was required, with a threshold at a submicromolar concentration, and an optimum was reached around 10(-4) M. At concentrations ≥10(-1) M only a reduced response was obtained, based probably on an unspecific osmotic or ionic effect. The germination response was inhibited by La(3+), an antagonist of Ca(2+). From these results it is concluded that Ca(2+) influx from the medium into the spores may be an important event in phytochrome-mediated germination. In the absence of Ca(2+) the R-stimulated system remained capable of responding to Ca(2+), added as late as 40 h after R. Moreover, Ca(2+) was effective even if added after the active form of phytochrome, Pfr, had been abolished by far-red (FR) 24 h after R. Thus, the primary effect of Pfr, that initiates the transduction chain, does not require calcium. "Coupling" of Pfr to subsequent dark reactions has been investigated by R-FR irradiations with various dark intervals. The resulting "escape kinetics" were characterized by a lag phase (6 h) and half-maximal escape from FR reversibility (19 h). These kinetics were not significantly changed by the presence or absence of calcium. Thus, direct interaction of Pfr and calcium is not a step in the transduction chain initiated by the active form of photochrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Texas, 78713, Austin, TX, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scheuerlein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wayne
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Roux