title: Prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment of intoxications caused by nerve agents and organophosphorus pesticides.
abstract: Treatment of intoxications caused by nerve agents and organophosphorus pesticides consists of different approaches. The first approach is called prophylaxis or pre-exposure administration of antidotes such as cholinesterase reactivators or bioscavengers. The second, post-exposure treatment consists of anticholinergic drugs, acetylcholinesterase reactivators and anticonvulsants. This article is aimed at both mentioned approaches, especially focused on cholinesterase reactivators, which are a broad group of structurally different compounds that can be used in prophylaxis (separately or in combination with butyrylcholinesterase) and also as post-exposure treatment.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuca
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Musilek
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pohanka
authors.forename: Jana Zdarova
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Karasova
authors.affiliation: Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. kucakam@pmfhk.cz.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soukup
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D010575:Pesticides; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase