title: Evaluation of three instruments for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: harmonic scalpel, bipolar vessel sealer, and conventional technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopy is the gold standard procedure in the surgery of gall bladder. Harmonic scalpel and bipolar vessel sealer are the other instruments for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of the three instruments for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 patients were included into the study. Patients were divided into three groups. In Group A, cystic duct and artery were sealed using laparoscopic clips and gall bladder was dissected from the hepatic bed using electrocautery. In Group B, cystic duct and artery were sealed using Harmonic scalpel and gall bladder was dissected from the hepatic bed using Harmonic scalpel. In Group C, cystic duct and artery were sealed using Bipolar vessel sealer and gall bladder was dissected from the hepatic bed using Bipolar vessel sealer. Groups were compared for the following parameters: duration of surgery, amount of drainage, cystic duct opening pressure and cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of surgery was 31.5 ± 11.1 minutes in Group B, 33.1 ± 10 minutes in Group A, and 36.5 ± 9.9 in Group C; and the difference between Group B and Group C was statistically significant (P<0.04). Cystic duct opening pressure was highest in Group A which was 324.0 ± 23.4 mmHg. For all of these 3 groups total cost was found to be 900$, 2900$, 1800$ for groups A, B, and C; respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In laparoscopic cholecystectomy different energy source instruments may be safe to use with a cautious dissection and sealing of the cystic duct.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey - basaromer@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bulus
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Basar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akkoca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coban
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tuna
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erbis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koklu
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged