title: Bioavailability of vitamin D₂ and calcium from fortified milk.
abstract: The objective of the present investigation was to determine bioavailability of calcium and vitamin D₂ from milk fortified with either calcium or vitamin D₂ alone or when both were used for preparation of multiple micronutrient fortified milk and also to study its interaction with iron and zinc bioavailability. 32 weanling male rats (aged 21-28 days) were assigned into four groups and were fed milk and milk fortified with calcium, vitamin D₂ and calcium+vitamin D₂. Vitamin D₂ increased calcium bioavailability. In multiple micronutrient fortified milk, the bioavailability of both calcium+vitamin D₂ increased in comparison to single fortification. Calcium fortification decreased, whereas vitamin D₂ increased the absorption of iron and zinc. However, calcium and vitamin D₂ when fortified in combination, the iron and zinc bioavailability was similar to control group. There was positive association between bioavailability of calcium and vitamin D₂.
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India. Electronic address: ravinder_foodtech2007@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: Bhawana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sachdeva
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapila
authors.forename: Balbir Kaur
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D005503:Food Additives; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Bioavailability; Calcium; Fortification; Iron; Vitamin D(2); Zinc