title: Hypovitaminosis-D and EBV: no interdependence between two MS risk factors in a healthy young UK autumn cohort.
abstract: Late Epstein-Barr virus infection and hypovitaminosis-D as environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis are gaining great interest. We, therefore, tested for in-vivo interdependence between Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-status and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) -level in healthy young individuals from a United Kingdom (UK) autumn cohort. EBV-load was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 25(OH)D3 levels by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This young, healthy UK autumn cohort showed surprisingly low levels of 25(OH)D3 (mean value: 40.5 nmol/L ± 5.02). Furthermore, we found that low 25(OH)D3 levels did not impact on EBV load and anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) titers. However, we observed a correlation between EBV load and EBNA-1 titers. These observations should be of value in the study of the potential relationship between hypovitaminosis-D and EBV-status in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Caren
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramien
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pachnio
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sisay
authors.forename: Jusnara
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leese
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Disanto
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhle
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovannoni
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rickinson
authors.forename: Sreeram V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ramagopalan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Ute-Christiane
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001361:Avitaminosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D006113:United Kingdom; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D014807:Vitamin D; C417029:EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1
keywords: environment; immunology; infection