title: Lactobacillus fermentum CJL-112 protects mice against influenza virus infection by activating T-helper 1 and eliciting a protective immune response.
abstract: We have previously reported that nasally administered Lactobacillus fermentum CJL-112 (CJL-112) efficiently improves resistance against lethal influenza infection in both mice and chicken. The aim of the present study was to understand the underlying mechanisms of the significant anti-influenza activity of this lactobacilli strain. In vitro, co-culturing of the chicken macrophage cell line HD-11 with CJL-112 significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) production. In vivo, CJL-112 was nasally administered to BALB/c mice for 21 days prior to influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1) virus (IFV) infection. Significant up-regulation of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ) was observed, while the levels of T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) was either reduced or unchanged than that in control mice were. Furthermore, IgA and specific anti-influenza IgA levels increased significantly in the treated mice than those in untreated mice. Therefore, CJL-112 likely protects the mice against lethal IFV infection via stimulation of macrophages, activation of Th1 and augmentation of IgA production, when directly delivered into the respiratory tract.
authors.affiliation: CJ Research Institute of Biotechnology, 92-1, Gayang-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-724, South Korea. Electronic address: yjmin1177@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jung-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: CJ Research Institute of Biotechnology, 92-1, Gayang-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-724, South Korea. Electronic address: hjcool33@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: CJ Research Institute of Biotechnology, 92-1, Gayang-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 157-724, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joong-Bok
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea. Electronic address: songcs@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chang-Seon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens; D060085:Coinfection; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D052197:Limosilactobacillus fermentum / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: IgA; Influenza virus; Lactobacillus fermentum CJL-112; Nitric oxide production; Th1 immune response