title: Concentration of antioxidants in two muscles of mature dairy cows from Azores.
abstract: This study evaluated the concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, creatine, carnosine, anserine and coenzyme Q10 in Longissimus dorsi (Ld) and Gluteus medius (Gm) muscles of culled dairy cows and the impact of age, production status before slaughter (dry-off vs lactating) and carcass weight on them. The effects of applying a finishing feeding regimen before slaughter were also examined. Gm muscle presented higher levels (P<0.001) of α-tocopherol (5.14 vs 3.61 μg · g(-1)) β-carotene (0.36 vs 0.27 μg · g(-1)), anserine (59.24 vs 43.25 mg · 100 g(-1)) and coenzyme Q10 (3.33 vs 1.73 mg · 100 g(-1)), and by contrast lower (P<0.05) creatine concentration (502.40 vs 527.28 mg · 100 g(-1)) than Ld. Dry-off and lactating cows differed significantly in α-tocopherol level (P<0.001) but not in the concentrations of the other compounds (P>0.05). The finishing feeding promoted higher mean concentrations of anserine and creatine but lower carnosine values (P>0.05) than directly slaughtered dry-off cows. The variation between muscles and from animal-to-animal makes it difficult to exactly define the antioxidant status of the dairy cow's meat.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar, Campus do IAPMEI, Edifício S, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: cristina.roseiro@iniav.pt.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Roseiro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moniz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: D J B
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: da Ponte
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000861:Anserine / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001394:Azores; D001835:Body Weight; D002336:Carnosine / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D063427:Food Quality; D007774:Lactation; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019207:beta Carotene; D014451:Ubiquinone; D002336:Carnosine; C024989:coenzyme Q10; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D000861:Anserine; D003401:Creatine
keywords: Coenzyme Q10; Creatine; Culled dairy cows meat; Histidine dipeptides; α-Tocopherol; β-Carotene