title: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tourette's syndrome is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor, stereotypical but non-rhythmic movements and vocalizations/phonics called tics. It is one of several disorders that have tics as their cardinal feature. These tics manifest themselves in various ways, ranging from simple eye blinking to coprolalia (involuntary swearing).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a review in Medline and ScienceDirect without restrictions, after which we did a normative and qualitative analysis to identify relevant information to improve the profession's understanding of the syndrome, including its pathophysiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This disorder is much more common than once believed, and may interfere with patients' social relationships and occupational functions. The development of new treatments is important to achieve more effective management with fewer side effects. Animal models of Tourette's syndrome would help foster understanding the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of tic symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although significant advances have been made, research in the field is crucial to clarify further the physiological aspects of the syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida MSD2080, Malta. E-mail: gilbert.gravino@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gravino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy