title: Chloroform fraction of Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung epidermis suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages and DSS-induced colitis in mice.
abstract: In this study, the authors investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the antiinflammatory effects of the chloroform fraction of the peel of 'Jayoung' (CFPJ), a color-fleshed potato, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. CFPJ inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the transcription level, and attenuated the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by reducing the translocation of NF-κB depending on degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α). Furthermore, CFPJ attenuated the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases3/6 (MKK3/6) and of p38. In colitis model, CFPJ significantly reduced the severity of colitis and the productions and protein levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in colonic tissue. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of CFPJ are associated with the suppression of NF-κB and p38 activation in macrophages, and support its possible therapeutic role for the treatment of colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Goo
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Wuk
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 220-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA, Pyeongchang 232-955, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA, Pyeongchang 232-955, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Oh-Keun
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA, Pyeongchang 232-955, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ktlee@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002725:Chloroform; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048371:MAP Kinase Kinase 3; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6; C482531:Map2k3 protein, mouse
keywords: Colitis; Color-fleshed potato peel; Inflammation; MKK3/6; NF-κB; p38 MAPK