title: Effect of commercial long-term extenders on metabolic activity and membrane integrity of boar spermatozoa stored at 17 degrees C.
abstract: This study was aimed to analyze the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of boar spermatozoa following storage in long-term semen extenders. Boar semen was diluted with Androhep EnduraGuard (AeG), DILU-Cell (DC), SafeCell Plus (SCP) and Vitasem LD (VLD) extenders and stored for 10 days at 17 degrees C. Parameters of the analyzed sperm metabolic activity included total motility (TMOT), progressive motility (PMOT), high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content, whereas those of the membrane integrity included plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and normal apical ridge (NAR) acrosome. Extender type was a significant (P < 0.05) source of variation in all the analyzed sperm parameters, except for ATP content. Furthermore, the storage time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the sperm metabolic activity and membrane integrity during semen storage. In all extenders the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of the stored spermatozoa decreased continuously over time. Among the four analyzed extenders, AeG and SCP showed the best performance in terms of TMOT and PMI on Days 5, 7 and 10 of storage. Marked differences in the proportions of spermatozoa with high MMP were observed between the extenders, particularly on Day 10 of storage. There were not any marked differences in sperm ATP content between the extenders, regardless of the storage time. Furthermore, the percentage of spermatozoa with NAR acrosomes decreased during prolonged storage, being markedly lower in DC-diluted semen compared with semen diluted with either AeG or SCP extender. The results of this study indicated that components of the long-term extenders have different effects on the sperm functionality and prolonged semen longevity by delaying the processes associated with sperm ageing during liquid storage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland. a.dziekonska@uwm.edu.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dziekońska
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majewska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecewicz
authors.forename: Ł
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Zasiadczyk
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kordan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*