title: Tween 40 pretreatment of unwashed water-insoluble solids of reed straw and corn stover pretreated with liquid hot water to obtain high concentrations of bioethanol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment is an effective and environmentally friendly method to produce bioethanol with lignocellulosic materials. In our previous study, high ethanol concentration and ethanol yield were obtained from water-insoluble solids (WIS) of reed straw and corn stover pretreated with LHW by using fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (S-SSF). However, high cellulase loading and the large amount of wash water possibly limit the practical application of LHW pretreatment. To decrease cellulase loading and the amount of wash water, we performed Tween 40 pretreatment before WIS was subjected to bioethanol fermentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that the optimum conditions of Tween 40 pretreatment were as follows: Tween 40 concentration of 1.5%, WIS-to-Tween 40 ratio of 1:10 (w/v), and pretreatment time of 1 hour at ambient temperature. After Tween 40 pretreatment, cellulase loading could be greatly reduced. After Tween 40 pretreatment, the residual liquid could be recycled for utilization but slightly affected ethanol concentration and yield. The unwashed WIS could obtain a high ethanol concentration of 56.28 g/L (reed straw) and 52.26 g/L (corn stover) by Tween 40 pretreatment using fed-batch S-SSF. Ethanol yield reached a maximum of 69.1% (reed straw) and 71.1% (corn stover).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tween 40 pretreatment was a very effective and less costly method with unwashed WIS. This pretreatment could greatly reduce cellulase loading and save wash water. Higher ethanol concentration was obtained almost without reducing ethanol yield.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250100, China.|Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xuezhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
authors.forename: Ruifeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250100, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250100, China.
authors.forename: Yinbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu