title: [Assessment of mesopic and contrast vision for driving licences: which cut-off values, which methods are appropriate?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hitherto recommendations and thresholds for contrast tests are available for mesopic but not for photopic methods. While mesopic tests are widespread in ophthalmology, in occupational medicine photopic contrast tests are often used. With regard to the attachment 6 of the German Fahrerlaubnisverordnung (FeV) which is relevant since July 2011 we tested the specificity and sensitivity as well as the test-retest reliability of available test devices and defined cut-off values.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined patients with medium opacities, healthy volunteers and a sample of employees. Optovist EU, Binoptometer 4P and Pelli-Robson charts with standardised illumination were applied for contrast sensitivity testing. All these methods were compared to the Mesotest II as gold standard. We followed the recommendations of the German Qualitätssicherungs-Kommission der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (DOG) for contrast vision testing and definition of cut-off values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  64 patients with cataract (age 42-70 years, median 62 years), 50 pilots (age 40-69 years, median 53.5 years) and 109 employees of a transportation company (age 40-59 years, median 50 years) were included in the trial. All contrast sensitivity tests showed a good sensitivity and specificity (AUC 0.86 to 0.99). For Optovist EU and Binoptometer 4P a threshold of 15 % Weber contrast is recommended for examinations according to FeV. The test-retest reliability was high in all methods with highly significant Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.77 to 0.94 and a repeatability coefficient between 0.08 und 0.4. The standard distance of 1 m common for the Pelli-Robson chart cannot be recommended for FeV examinations, while the results at 3 m distance are comparable to those of the other contrast vision tests. The preliminary cut-off for the Pelli-Robson chart at 3 m distance is 1.65.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cut-off values for the lawful assessment of applicants are now available. Both Binoptometer 4P and Optovist EU proved to be appropriate and - as expected due to comparable technical properties - the same cut-off can be recommended. At 1 m distance the Pelli-Robson chart is not sensitive enough. Because the new distance of 3 m for the Pelli-Robson chart was investigated in 55 cataract patients and 10 pilots in this trial, a confirmatory trial for this distance is planned.
authors.affiliation: Augenheilkunde, Universitätskliniken Tübingen.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Durst
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roelcke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quast
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hütten
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001333:Automobile Driver Examination / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D004056:Differential Threshold; D005858:Germany; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards*; D055255:Mesopic Vision; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000175:diagnosis*