title: Association of cyclists' age and sex with risk of involvement in a crash before and after adjustment for cycling exposure.
abstract: This study aimed to estimate the association of cyclists' age and sex with the risk of being involved in a crash with and without adjustment for their amount of exposure. We used the distribution of the entire population and cyclists (total and non-responsible) involved in road crashes in Spain between 1993 and 2009 held by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics and the Spanish General Traffic Directorate to calculate rates of exposure and involvement in a crash. Males aged 45-49 years were used as the reference category to obtain exposure rate ratios (ERR) and unadjusted crash rate ratios (URR). We then used these values in decomposition analysis to calculate crash rate ratios adjusted for exposure (ARR). The pattern of ARR was substantially different from URR. In both sexes the highest values were observed in the youngest age groups, and the values decreased as age increased except for a slight increase in the oldest age groups. In males, a slight increase in the lowest and highest age categories was observed for crashes resulting in severe injury or death, and a decrease was observed for the youngest cyclists who were wearing a helmet. The large differences between age and sex groups in the risk of involvement in a cycling crash are strongly dependent on differences in their exposure rates. Taking exposure rates into account, cyclists younger than 30 years and older than 65 years of age had the highest risk of being involved in a crash.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. de Madrid 11, 18012 Granada, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: virmruiz@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ruiz
authors.forename: Eladio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Mejías
authors.forename: Juan de Dios
authors.initials: Jde D
authors.lastname: Luna-del-Castillo
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Martín
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Moleón
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lardelli-Claret
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Age; Cyclists; Exposure; Sex; Traffic accident