title: Toll-like receptor induced pro-interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in monocytes are lower in healthy infants compared to adults.
abstract: Infants have long been known to have higher infectious diseases morbidity and mortality and suboptimal vaccination responses compared to older children and adults. A variety of differences in innate and adaptive immune responses have been described between these two groups. We compared Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced production of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between 2-month-old infants and adults. TLR 7/8-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in monocytes was lower in 2-month-old infants compared to adults. There was no difference in TLR 7/8-induced production of TNF-α. Lower TLR-induced production of pro-IL-1β and IL-6 in innate immune cells during early infancy likely contributes to suboptimal vaccine responses and infectious diseases susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Libraty
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woda
authors.forename: Luz P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Anamae
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obcena
authors.forename: Job D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brion
authors.forename: Rosario Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Capeding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; C495348:TLR7 protein, human; C495349:TLR8 protein, human; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha