title: Screening for hydrolytic enzymes reveals Ayr1p as a novel triacylglycerol lipase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as other eukaryotes, preserves fatty acids and sterols in a biologically inert form, as triacylglycerols and steryl esters. The major triacylglycerol lipases of the yeast S. cerevisiae identified so far are Tgl3p, Tgl4p, and Tgl5p (Athenstaedt, K., and Daum, G. (2003) YMR313c/TGL3 encodes a novel triacylglycerol lipase located in lipid particles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 23317-23323; Athenstaedt, K., and Daum, G. (2005) Tgl4p and Tgl5p, two triacylglycerol lipases of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are localized to lipid particles. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 37301-37309). We observed that upon cultivation on oleic acid, triacylglycerol mobilization did not come to a halt in a yeast strain deficient in all currently known triacylglycerol lipases, indicating the presence of additional not yet characterized lipases/esterases. Functional proteome analysis using lipase and esterase inhibitors revealed a subset of candidate genes for yet unknown hydrolytic enzymes on peroxisomes and lipid droplets. Based on the conserved GXSXG lipase motif, putative functions, and subcellular localizations, a selected number of candidates were characterized by enzyme assays in vitro, gene expression analysis, non-polar lipid analysis, and in vivo triacylglycerol mobilization assays. These investigations led to the identification of Ayr1p as a novel triacylglycerol lipase of yeast lipid droplets and confirmed the hydrolytic potential of the peroxisomal Lpx1p in vivo. Based on these results, we discuss a possible link between lipid storage, lipid mobilization, and peroxisomal utilization of fatty acids as a carbon source.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ploier
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharwey
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schatte
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rechberger
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kollroser
authors.forename: Albin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hermetter
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daum
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases; C022312:acylglycerone-phosphate reductase; C586371:Ayr1 protein, S cerevisiae; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D008049:Lipase
keywords: Lipase; Lipid Droplets; Lipids; Peroxisomes; Triacylglycerol; Yeast