title: Comparison of oxidative stress in pregnancies with and without first trimester iron supplement: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Iron supplementation was found to be a cause of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to compare oxidative stress in pregnancies with and without iron supplementation in the first trimester pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eight women in the first trimester of normal pregnancies were randomly assigned to three groups. Patients were grouped as following: Group 1 received placebo (n = 36), group 2 received folate supplementation (n = 36) and group 3 was directed to the iron supplementation (n = 36). Oxidative stress was assessed at 14th week of gestation by the utilization of serum γ-glutamyl transferase level. Pregnancies were followed until delivery. Relationship between the oxidative stress and pregnancy outcome was assessed among groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was similar among groups, mean gravidity and parity were significantly lower in group with Fe supplementation (p < 0.05). Maternal weight and weight gain during pregnancy were also significantly lower in group 3 (p < 0.05). Mean serum albumin levels were similar among groups while serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were significantly higher in group 3. There were 10 cases of oligohydramnios in group 3, two cases in group 2 and no cases in group 1 (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iron supplementation during first trimester pregnancy was found to be associated with an increased oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey .
authors.forename: Vakkas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozkaya
authors.forename: Banu Yuksel
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Seven
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duzguner
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Karsli
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kucukozkan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid; D006397:Hematinics; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D014131:Trace Elements; D005492:Folic Acid; D007501:Iron; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase
keywords: Iron supplementation; isolated oligohydramnios; oxidative stress