title: Responsive parenting intervention after identification of hearing loss by Universal Newborn Hearing Screening: the concept of the Muenster Parental Programme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parents of newborns with hearing loss (HL) identified by Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) programmes wish for educational support soon after confirmation and for contact with other affected families. Besides pedaudiological care, a high level of family involvement and an early start of educational intervention are the best predictors for successful oral language development in children with HL. The implementation of UNHS has made it necessary to adapt existing intervention concepts for families of children with HL to the needs of preverbal infants. In particular, responsiveness has proven to be a crucial skill of intuitive parental behaviour in early communication between parents and their child. Since infants with HL are being fitted earlier with hearing devices, their chances of learning oral language naturally in daily communication with family members have noticeably improved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The Muenster Parental Programme (MPP) aims at empowering parents in communicating with their preverbal child with HL and in (re-)building confidence in their own parental resources. Additionally, it supplies specific information about auditory and language development and enables exchange with other affected parents shortly after the diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MPP is a responsive parenting intervention specific to the needs of parents of infants with HL identified by UNHS or through other indices and testing within the first 18 months of life. It is based on the communication-oriented Natural Auditory Oral Approach and trains parental responsiveness to preverbal (3-18 months) infants with HL. The MPP has been developed for groups of 4-6 families and comprises six group sessions (without infants), two single training sessions with video feedback, and two individual counselling sessions. At the age of 24-30 months, an individual refresher training session is offered to the parents for adapting their responsiveness to the current verbal level of the child via dialogic book reading. The programme also benefits parents of paediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates preimplantation and postimplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MPP is evidence-based (see Glanemann et al., this volume) and meets the current need for effective family-centred educational intervention after UNHS.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Muenster, Germany. Electronic address: Karen.Reichmuth@uni-muenster.de.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reichmuth
authors.forename: Andrea Joe
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Embacher
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matulat
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen
authors.forename: Reinhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glanemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry / Q000592:standards*; D003142:Communication; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000592:standards; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D015397:Program Evaluation
keywords: CHIP; CI; Colorado Home Intervention Program; Early intervention; FLIP; HL; HPLI; Hearing loss; Heidelberg Parent-based Language Intervention; ITTTT; Infant; It Takes Two To Talk; Linz Family Centred Intervention Program; MPP; Muenster Parental Programme; NH; PALS; Parents; Playing and Learning Program; Preverbal communication; RE/PMT; RFI; Relationship Focused Intervention; Responsiveness; Responsiveness Education/Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching; STEEP; Steps Towards Effective Enjoyable Parenting; UNHS; Universal Newborn Hearing Screening; cochlear implant; hearing loss; normal hearing