title: The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART): development of a survey instrument to assess community resilience.
abstract: While building community resilience to disasters is becoming an important strategy in emergency management, this is a new field of research with few available instruments for assessing community resilience. This article describes the development of the Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART) survey instrument. CART is a community intervention designed to enhance community resilience to disasters, in part, by engaging communities in measuring it. The survey instrument, originally based on community capacity and related literature and on key informant input, was refined through a series of four field tests. Community organizations worked with researchers in a participatory action process that provided access to samples and helped to guide the research. Exploratory factor analysis performed after each field test led to the identification of four interrelated constructs (also called domains) which represent the foundation for CART Connection and Caring, Resources, Transformative Potential, and Disaster Management. This model was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis on two community samples. The CART survey can provide data for organizations and communities interested in assessing a community's resilience to disasters. Baseline data, preferably collected pre disaster can be compared to data collected post disaster and/or post intervention.
authors.affiliation: Liberal Arts Department, Phoenix Community College, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Rose L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
authors.forename: Barbara R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Neas
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
authors.forename: Fran H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Van Horn
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult