title: Effect of solarization on the removal of indicator microorganisms from municipal sewage sludge.
abstract: The effect of solarization on bacterial inactivation in sewage sludge was studied using thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the indicator organisms. Solarization significantly increased the sludge temperature. The maximum temperatures were achieved at the beginning of the second week, reaching 65, 58, 55 and 50 degrees C at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm, respectively. E. coli was found to be the most sensitive microorganism and was reduced to undetectable levels after 9 d at all monitored sludge depths. Thermotolerant coliforms were rapidly inactivated but were not reduced to below the detection limit. The inactivation curves of enterococci showed both shoulders and tailing, indicating a larger heat resistant fraction than with E. coli and the thermotolerant coliforms. Overall, the results suggest that the temperature regime produced by solarization was sufficient to reduce bacterial indicators to an acceptable level, meeting the pathogen regulation limit, in two weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. saimo@sakarya.edu.tr
authors.forename: Saim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Taha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.forename: Gulgun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.forename: Omer Hulusi
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Dede
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000528:radiation effects; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013472:Sunlight; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage