title: Impact of the pay-for-performance-for-patients program for diabetes management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether patients with diabetes who used a financial rewards program in a grocery chain pharmacy had increased rates of self-reported healthy behaviors, to measure the impact of the program on glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), and to measure the impact of the program on grocery store sales.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study took place at one location of a grocery chain pharmacy in Cincinnati, OH. Adult patients with diabetes on at least one diabetes medication were eligible to participate. Participants received a $5 incentive for each weeklong behavior log completed and reviewed with the pharmacist, who provided counseling on improving healthy behaviors. Change in self-reported healthy behaviors, A1C, grocery store expenditure, and program satisfaction were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 12-week study, 25 patients enrolled in the program. A total of 13 participants completed the poststudy survey and reported increased rates of self-monitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure and increased exercise frequency. Differences in A1C and grocery store expenditures were unable to be detected. Satisfaction with the pay-for-performance-for-patients (P4P4P) program was favorable (8.6 on a 10-point scale).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants given small, frequent financial incentives had increased frequency of healthy behaviors and were satisfied with the P4P4P program.
authors.forename: Bonnie C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hui-Callahan
authors.forename: Heidi R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Luder
authors.forename: Stacey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Frede
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D009820:Ohio; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012201:Reward
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human