title: Transcatheter device closure of patent ductus arteriosus without arterial access--single institution experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retrospective analysis of feasibility, safety and advantages of device closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using only venous access.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Arterial access for transcatheter device closure of PDA has been a standard practice, but has inherent complications, especially in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of patients who underwent PDA device closure from 2004 to 2012 were reviewed. Echocardiography was used for patient selection and for assessment of procedural outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  151 out of 179 patients underwent PDA device closure with venous access alone, weighing 2.2-58 kg with half <10 kg and follow up of 6 months-8 years. Fluoroscopic time ranged from 2.2 to 16 min. Immediate closure was achieved in 146 patients. Two patients had new-onset left pulmonary artery turbulence and one had residual flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDA device closure without arterial access can be accomplished safely and effectively in vast majority of patients including infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Apollo Health City, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, India. Electronic address: gauravgarg2983@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Anurakti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Sridhar P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Anil Sivadasan
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Radha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D001158:Arteries; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Arterial access; Heparinization; PDA device