title: New avian paramyxoviruses type I strains identified in Africa provide new outcomes for phylogeny reconstruction and genotype classification.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most lethal diseases of poultry worldwide. It is caused by an avian paramyxovirus 1 that has high genomic diversity. In the framework of an international surveillance program launched in 2007, several thousand samples from domestic and wild birds in Africa were collected and analyzed. ND viruses (NDV) were detected and isolated in apparently healthy fowls and wild birds. However, two thirds of the isolates collected in this study were classified as virulent strains of NDV based on the molecular analysis of the fusion protein and experimental in vivo challenges with two representative isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on the F and HN genes showed that isolates recovered from poultry in Mali and Ethiopia form new groups, herein proposed as genotypes XIV and sub-genotype VIf with reference to the new nomenclature described by Diel's group. In Madagascar, the circulation of NDV strains of genotype XI, originally reported elsewhere, is also confirmed. Full genome sequencing of five African isolates was generated and an extensive phylogeny reconstruction was carried out based on the nucleotide sequences. The evolutionary distances between groups and the specific amino acid signatures of each cluster allowed us to refine the genotype nomenclature.
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France ; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Renata Servan
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Saliha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hammoumi
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molia
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaidet
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cappelle
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balança
authors.forename: Abdallah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grillet
authors.forename: Olivier Fridolin
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Maminiaina
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guendouz
authors.forename: Marthin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dakouo
authors.forename: Kassim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samaké
authors.forename: Ould El Mamy
authors.initials: Oel M
authors.lastname: Bezeid
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diarra
authors.forename: Hassen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaka
authors.forename: Flavie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goutard
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jestin
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albina
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D018109:Avulavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045463:Avulavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral