title: Prenatal ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies and outcomes in high-risk pregnancies due to maternal HIV infection: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of prenatal screening and of adverse outcome in high-risk pregnancies due to maternal HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of prenatal screening in 330 pregnancies of HIV-positive women attending the department for prenatal screening and/or during labour between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012, was recorded. Screening results were compared with the postnatal outcome and maternal morbidity, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred of 330 women (30.5%) had an early anomaly scan, 252 (74.5%) had a detailed scan at 20-22 weeks, 18 (5.5%) had a detailed scan prior to birth, and three (0.9%) had an amniocentesis. In seven cases (2.12%), a fetal anomaly was detected prenatally and confirmed postnatally, while in eight (2.42%) an anomaly was only detected postnatally, even though a prenatal scan was performed. There were no anomalies in the unscreened group. MTCT occurred in three cases (0.9%) and seven fetal and neonatal deaths (2.1%) were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall prevalence of prenatal ultrasound screening in our cohort is 74.5%, but often the opportunity for prenatal ultrasonography in the first trimester is missed. In general, the aim should be to offer prenatal ultrasonography in the first trimester in all pregnancies. This allows early reassurance or if fetal disease is suspected, further steps can be taken.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reitter
authors.forename: A U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Stücker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buxmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Haberl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlößer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Louwen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal