title: Genome sequence of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans strain 4834-R reveals that flagellar motility is not a general feature of xanthomonads.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Xanthomonads are plant-associated bacteria responsible for diseases on economically important crops. Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans (Xff) is one of the causal agents of common bacterial blight of bean. In this study, the complete genome sequence of strain Xff 4834-R was determined and compared to other Xanthomonas genome sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparative genomics analyses revealed core characteristics shared between Xff 4834-R and other xanthomonads including chemotaxis elements, two-component systems, TonB-dependent transporters, secretion systems (from T1SS to T6SS) and multiple effectors. For instance a repertoire of 29 Type 3 Effectors (T3Es) with two Transcription Activator-Like Effectors was predicted. Mobile elements were associated with major modifications in the genome structure and gene content in comparison to other Xanthomonas genomes. Notably, a deletion of 33 kbp affects flagellum biosynthesis in Xff 4834-R. The presence of a complete flagellar cluster was assessed in a collection of more than 300 strains representing different species and pathovars of Xanthomonas. Five percent of the tested strains presented a deletion in the flagellar cluster and were non-motile. Moreover, half of the Xff strains isolated from the same epidemic than 4834-R was non-motile and this ratio was conserved in the strains colonizing the next bean seed generations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work describes the first genome of a Xanthomonas strain pathogenic on bean and reports the existence of non-motile xanthomonads belonging to different species and pathovars. Isolation of such Xff variants from a natural epidemic may suggest that flagellar motility is not a key function for in planta fitness.
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darrasse
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrère
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barbe
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boureau
authors.forename: Mario L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Arrieta-Ortiz
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonneau
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Chrystelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brin
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cociancich
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fouteau
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gagnevin
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guérin
authors.forename: Endrick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Indiana
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koebnik
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lauber
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: Laurent D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pieretti
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poussier
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pruvost
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Robène-Soustrade
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rott
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: Laurana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serres-Giardi
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szurek
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Sluys
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verdier
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vernière
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arlat
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manceau
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France. Marie-Agnes.Jacques@angers.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Agnès
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jacques
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D005407:Flagella / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity