title: Evaluation and treatment of sternoclavicular, clavicular, and acromioclavicular injuries.
abstract: Injuries to the clavicle and associated structures may involve fractures of the clavicle or injuries to the surrounding joints, usually from a blow to the shoulder. They present with variable signs and symptoms, requiring a thorough history and physical examination. Diagnosis typically involves plain radiographs but more advanced imaging may be required, especially in the case of sternoclavicular joint dislocations. Often, nonoperative management is indicated but, occasionally, surgical intervention is required. Due to the high incidence of clavicle injuries, it is paramount that the primary care physician be able to recognize, diagnose, and manage these injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, PO Box 9149, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. Electronic address: bbalcik@hsc.wvu.edu.
authors.forename: Brenden J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Balcik
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Monseau
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krantz
mesh_terms: D000173:Acromioclavicular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D010808:Physical Examination; D011859:Radiography; D013247:Sternoclavicular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*
keywords: Acromioclavicular joint; Clavicle; Dislocation; Fracture; Separation; Sternoclavicular joint