title: [Managing and identifying the causes of IUGR].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management and identification of the causes for a small for gestational age (SGA) and/or an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetus is a common but complex problem in Obstetrics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were examined over the last 15 years, with no language restrictions, using a combination of the words PAG (SGA), IUGR (IUGR), fetal weight (Fetal weight), sonography (ultrasound), management, cause (etiology), examinations (examinations). Some references not selected by this strategy, but associated with these publications or suggested by members of the working group were also added. The relevant articles were used to establish the text of recommendation following discussion between experts of the working group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Once the diagnosis of SGA is raised (whether on clinical, echocardiographic or Doppler), a management strategy to look for potential causes must be proposed and discussed with parents (Expert reviews). The extent of additional explorations varies depending on the exact presentation of the case (term at diagnosis, severity of anomalies). Additional explorations only make sense if they are likely to change the management of the current pregnancy and particularly to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Explorations have two main objectives: (i) assess fetal vitality and possibilities for continuing the pregnancy in terms of safety for the mother and the foetus; (ii) establish the origin of SGA. The latter is detailed in this chapter recommendation. The earlier and the more severe the biometric anomalies, the more comprehensive the investigations. Maternal symptoms or fetal Doppler anomalies also require urgent management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Explorations to establish the origin of SGA and/or IUGR must follow a rigorous and systematic approach. In all cases, the practitioner will provide clear information to parents and collect information including detailed clinical and ultrasound examinations. Additional tests and in particular fetal invasive testing must be performed in some cases after parental consent and according to clinical and sonographic guidance elements.
authors.affiliation: Maternité, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, université Paris Descartes, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France. Electronic address: laurentsalomon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malan
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D020567:Fetal Weight; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000592:standards
keywords: Amniocentesis; Amniocentèse; Doppler; IUGR; PAG; RCIU; SGA; Ultrasound; Échographie