title: Facial expressions of emotions: recognition accuracy and affective reactions during late childhood.
abstract: The present study examined the development of recognition ability and affective reactions to emotional facial expressions in a large sample of school-aged children (n = 504, ages 8-11 years of age). Specifically, the study aimed to investigate if changes in the emotion recognition ability and the affective reactions associated with the viewing of facial expressions occur during late childhood. Moreover, because small but robust gender differences during late-childhood have been proposed, the effects of gender on the development of emotion recognition and affective responses were examined. The results showed an overall increase in emotional face recognition ability from 8 to 11 years of age, particularly for neutral and sad expressions. However, the increase in sadness recognition was primarily due to the development of this recognition in boys. Moreover, our results indicate different developmental trends in males and females regarding the recognition of disgust. Last, developmental changes in affective reactions to emotional facial expressions were found. Whereas recognition ability increased over the developmental time period studied, affective reactions elicited by facial expressions were characterized by a decrease in arousal over the course of late childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agnoli
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baldaro
authors.forename: Pio E Ricci
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bitti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Surcinelli
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors