title: Pentoxifylline therapy attenuates intestinal injury in rat pups with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of post-ischemic pentoxifylline (PTX) therapy on the gut injury in neonatal rat model of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups (n = 24) of either sex, delivered spontaneously, were used in this experimental study. Seven-day-old rat pups were randomly divided into three groups. Control group (n = 8): after median neck incision was made, neither ligation nor hypoxia was performed. Hypoxia group (n = 8): 0.5 ml of saline was injected intraperitoneally immediately after hypoxia. Pentoxifylline + Hypoxia group (n = 8): the rat pups were administered intraperitoneally 60 mg/kg of PTX immediately after hypoxia. Eight rats from all groups were sacrificed 24 h after drug administration. The ischemic injury was scored at least six sections at three different levels using histopathologic injury scores (HIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) increased mean HIS levels significantly at 24 h in the intestinal tissue samples in the hypoxia group as compared with the control group. Induction of H/R decreased means HIS levels significantly at 24 h in the intestinal tissue samples in the PTX + hypoxia group as compared with the hypoxia group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this experimental study, PTX significantly attenuated H/R-induced intestinal injury in neonatal rat model of HIE. These findings indicate that PTX can reduce the intestinal H/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology .
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalay
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Islek
authors.forename: Armagan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Zuhal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kalay
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elpek
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aldemir
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akçakuş
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oygur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000150:complications*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: Hypoxic injury of gut; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; pentoxifylline