title: Personality factors predict sleep-related shift work tolerance in different shifts at 2-year follow-up: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the personality variables morningness, flexibility, languidity and hardiness could predict sleep-related shift work tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study design with questionnaires administered in winter 2008/2009 (wave 1) and 2 years later in spring 2011 (wave 3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Different healthcare institutions in Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised in all 700 nurses working a three-shift rotating schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  The personality variables were assessed at wave 1, as were the demographic, lifestyle and work-related variables. Sleep-related shift work tolerance, assessed at wave 3, was measured separately for the day, evening and night shifts with the Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morningness was positively associated with sleep-related day shift tolerance (p<0.001). Flexibility was positively associated with sleep-related tolerance for the evening as well as night shift (p<0.001). Furthermore, languidity was negatively associated with sleep-related shift tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts (p<0.001, <0.01, <0.05, respectively). Hardiness was positively associated with sleep-related tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts (p<0.001, <0.01, <0.05, respectively). Age was negatively associated with sleep-related shift tolerance for the day, night (p<0.01) and evening shifts (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that hardiness and languidity predict sleep-related shift work tolerance across all shift types among shift working nurses. The effects of flexibility and morningness seem to depend on the shift schedule. By and large, our results are in accordance with previous studies; however, we have now demonstrated the prospective importance of personality in relation to sleep-related shift work tolerance across different shifts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Sunniva Straume
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Storemark
authors.forename: Ingrid Nesdal
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Fossum
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bjorvatn
authors.forename: Bente Elisabeth
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flo
authors.forename: Ståle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallesen
keywords: Mental Health; Occupational & Industrial Medicine; Sleep Medicine