title: Electrochemical properties of the TiO2(B) powders ball mill treated for lithium-ion battery application.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Belt or wire shaped TiO2(B) particles were synthesized for lithium ion battery application by a hydrothermal and heat treatment process. In order to facilitate TiO2(B)/C composites fabrication, the synthesized TiO2(B) particles were crushed into smaller sizes by ball milling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ball mill treated TiO2(B) particles of less than 1.0 μm with a fraction of anatase phase, compared to as-synthesized TiO2(B) particles with about 24 μm in average particle size, showed a significant improvement in the electrochemical properties. They showed a much improved stability in the charge-discharge cycles and irreversibility. They maintained about 98% of the initial capacity during 50 cycles while as-synthesized sample before ball mill treatment showed a gradual decrease in the capacity with the cycles. The irreversibility of 12.4% of as-synthesized sample was also greatly improved to 7% after ball milling treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate ball mill treatment can be an economical way to improve electrochemical properties of TiO2(B) anode materials for lithium ion battery application.
authors.forename: Bo-Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kang-Seop
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Hee-June
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seung-Taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.forename: Sang-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute/Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea. wkang651@inhatc.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Wooseung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sun-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim