title: Chlorination of bisphenol A: non-targeted screening for the identification of transformation products and assessment of estrogenicity in generated water.
abstract: Besides the performance of water treatments on the removal of micropollutants, concern about the generation of potential biologically active transformation products has been growing. Thus, the detection and structural elucidation of micropollutants transformation products have turned out to be major issues to evaluate comprehensively the efficiency of the processes implemented for drinking water treatment. However, most of existing water treatment studies are carried out at the bench scale with high concentrations and simplified conditions and thus do not reflect realistic conditions. Conversely, this study describes a non-targeted profiling approach borrowed from metabolomic science, using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, in order to reveal potential chlorination products of bisphenol A (BPA) in real water samples spiked at 50μgL(-1). Targeted measurements first evidenced a fast removal of BPA (>99%) by chlorination with sodium hypochlorite (0.8mgL(-1)) within 10min. Then, the developed differential global profiling approach enabled to reveal 21 chlorination products of BPA. Among them, 17 were brominated compounds, described for the first time, demonstrating the potential interest of this innovative methodology applied to environmental sciences. In parallel to the significant removal of BPA, the estrogenic activity of water samples, evaluated by ER-CALUX assay, was found to significantly decrease after 10min of chlorination. These results confirm that chlorination is effective at removing BPA in drinking water and they may indicate that the generated compounds have significantly lower estrogenic activity.
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, ONIRIS, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bourgin
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bichon
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Antignac
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monteau
authors.forename: Gaëla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Lauriane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barritaud
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chachignon
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ingrand
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Bizec
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D054879:Halogenation; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Chemical food safety; Chlorination; High-resolution mass spectrometry; Transformation products