title: BMI and depressive symptoms: the role of media pressures.
abstract: Obese and overweight individuals experience higher risk for depression and emotional distress. One factor that may contribute to depression in obese or overweight individuals is exposure to unrealistic images in the media. Indeed, overall media consumption is associated with body image dissatisfaction in adolescents and young adults. Despite these compelling links, prior work has not examined the mediating effect of media pressures on the link between BMI and depression. In the present study, young adults (N = 743) completed an online survey assessing demographic information, perceived pressure from the media to conform to a certain body standard, and symptoms of depression. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated a direct effect of BMI on media pressure, a direct effect of media pressure on depressive symptoms, and an indirect effect of BMI on depressive symptoms mediated by media pressures. Findings indicate that higher BMI levels are associated with greater depressive symptoms when there is greater perceived media pressure on body image. Results suggest the need for clinicians to assess media consumption and perceived pressure to conform to physical appearance standards in individuals who are obese or overweight as well as individuals at risk for eating disorders.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. Electronic address: jeffersaj@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jeffers
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Cotter
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Snipes
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Benotsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003625:Data Collection; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology; D050177:Overweight / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012925:Social Conformity; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body image; Depression; Media; Obesity; SATAQ-3; Structural equation modeling