title: The role of hyaluronidase in the treatment of complications from hyaluronic acid dermal fillers.
abstract: Hyaluronidases, a family of enzymes that are able to degrade hyaluronic acid (HA), are employed in medicine to increase drug diffusion and reverse the effects of HA filler injections. Hyaluronidases are able to dissolve subcutaneous nodules or to correct excessive quantities of injected filler. Knowledge of the use, methods of application, and adverse effects of hyaluronidases is essential for the aesthetic practitioner. Therefore, we performed an extensive review of the available literature from 1928 to 2011 and compared the different enzymes available, recording each author's indications regarding usage and side effects.
authors.affiliation: Dr Cavallini is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gazzola
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metalla
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaienti
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007267:Injections; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
keywords: cosmetic medicine; dermal; facial skin necrosis; fillers; hyaluronic acid; hyaluronidase; noninvasive plastic surgery