title: The effect of exercise and childbirth classes on fear of childbirth and locus of labor pain control.
abstract: This study sought to track changes in intensity of fear of childbirth and locus of labor pain control in women attending an exercise program for pregnant women or traditional childbirth classes and to identify the predictors of these changes. The study was longitudinal/non-experimental in nature and run on 109 healthy primigravidae aged from 22 to 37, including 62 women participating in an exercise program for pregnant women and 47 women attending traditional childbirth classes. The following assessment tools were used: two scales developed by the present authors - the Fear of Childbirth Scale and the Control of Birth Pain Scale, three standardized psychological inventories for the big five personality traits (NEO Five Factors Inventory), trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and dispositional optimism (Life Oriented Test-Revised) and a questionnaire concerning socioeconomic status, health status, activities during pregnancy, relations with partners and expectations about childbirth. Fear of childbirth significantly decreased in women participating in the exercise program for pregnant women but not in women attending traditional childbirth classes. Several significant predictors of post-intervention fear of childbirth emerged: dispositional optimism and self-rated health (negative) and strength of the belief that childbirth pain depends on chance (positive).
authors.affiliation: a Department of Socio-Cultural Foundations of Tourism, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation , Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Marymoncka 34, 00-986 Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guszkowska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D064186:Prenatal Education / Q000379:methods*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult