title: Antimicrobial efficacy and wound-healing property of a topical ointment containing nitric-oxide-loaded zeolites.
abstract: Topical delivery of nitric oxide (NO) through a wound dressing has the potential to reduce wound infections and improve healing of acute and chronic wounds. This study characterized the antibacterial efficacy of an ointment containing NO-loaded, zinc-exchanged zeolite A that releases NO upon contact with water. The release rate of NO from the ointment was measured using a chemiluminescence detection system. Minimum bactericidal concentration assays were performed using five common wound pathogens, including Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and a fungus (Candida albicans). The time dependence of antimicrobial activity was characterized by performing log-reduction assays at four time points after 1-8 h ointment exposure. The cytotoxicity of the ointment after 24 h was assessed using cultured 3T3 fibroblast cells. Minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) for bacterial organisms (5×10(7) c.f.u.) ranged from 50 to 100 mg ointment (ml media)(-1); the MMC for C. albicans (5×10(4) c.f.u.) was 50 mg ointment (ml media)(-1). Five to eight log reductions in bacterial viability and three log reductions in fungal viability were observed after 8 h exposure to NO-zeolite ointment compared with untreated organisms. Fibroblasts remained viable after 24 h exposure to the same concentration of NO-zeolite ointment as was used in antimicrobial tests. In parallel studies, full-thickness cutaneous wounds on Zucker obese rats healed faster than wounds treated with a control ointment. These data indicate that ointment containing NO-loaded zeolites could potentially be used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial wound-healing dressing.
authors.affiliation: Zeomedix Inc., Exton, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neidrauer
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Utku K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sedlak
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ritika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trikha
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Barbee
authors.affiliation: Surgical Infection Research Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Weingarten
authors.affiliation: Surgical Infection Research Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D009824:Ointments / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy; D017641:Zeolites / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009824:Ointments; D017641:Zeolites; D009569:Nitric Oxide