title: An attempt to condition flavour preference induced by oral and/or postoral administration of 16% sucrose in pigs.
abstract: The present study investigated the acquisition of conditioned flavour preferences in pigs using the caloric value and/or sweet taste of sucrose. Nine water-deprived juvenile pigs were given four three-day conditioning sessions during which they received flavoured solutions as conditioned stimuli (CS). The CS solutions were paired with three treatments that generated a gustatory and/or a caloric reinforcement (US). The CS++ solution was added with 16% sucrose and paired with an intraduodenal (ID) infusion of water, the CS+ solution was paired with an ID infusion of 16% sucrose and the CS- solution was paired with an ID infusion of water. One and two weeks after conditioning, the water-deprived pigs were subjected to two-choice preference tests with the unreinforced CS solutions. Solutions intake, behavioural activity and some drinking parameters were measured. Despite no difference in CS intake during conditioning, the animals spent less time inactive and more time standing during CS++ than CS+ conditioning. When receiving CS++, the pigs explored the drinking trough more than when receiving CS-. Compared to the CS- condition, the numbers of drinking episodes and intra-drinking episode (IDE) pauses were also 36% and 49% lesser in the CS++ condition, but these differences were not significant. During the two-choice tests, the pigs did not show significant preferences. Nevertheless, during the first session, the pigs seemed to show a slight preference for the CS++ (57% of total intake) compared to CS+. The duration of CS++ drinking episodes represented 64% of the total duration compared to CS+ and CS- . The total time spent drinking the CS++ also represented 57% of the total time in the CS++ vs. CS- test. To conclude, although no clear-cut preferences were found during two-choice tests, the oral perception of 16% sucrose during conditioning induced changes in behavioural activities, motivational responses and microstructure of CS intake, suggesting the importance of oral food perception for food selection processes in pigs. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of water deprivation on the expression of flavour preferences in pigs.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR1341 Alimentation, Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuses et Comportementales, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France; INRA, UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Élevage, F-35000 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clouard
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loison
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meunier-Salaün
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Val-Laillet
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D055697:Taste Perception / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose
keywords: Calories; Cephalic phase; Learning; Preference; Sucrose; Sweet taste