title: Glucagon gene polymorphism modifies the effects of smoking and physical activity on risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han Chinese.
abstract: Few genome-wide association studies have considered interactions between multiple genetic variants and environmental factors associated with disease. The interaction was examined between a glucagon gene (GCG) polymorphism and smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity and the association with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a case-control study of Chinese Han subjects. The rs12104705 polymorphism of GCG and interactions with environmental variables were analyzed for 9619 participants by binary multiple logistic regression. Smoking with the C-C haplotype of rs12104705 was associated with increased risk of T2DM (OR=1.174, 95% CI=1.013-1.361). Moderate and high physical activity with the C-C genotype was associated with decreased risk of T2DM as compared with low physical activity with the genotype (OR=0.251, 95% CI=0.206-0.306 and OR=0.190, 95% CI=0.164-0.220). However, the interaction of drinking and genotype was not associated with risk of T2DM. Genetic polymorphism in rs12104705 of GCG may interact with smoking and physical activity to modify the risk of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kaiping
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianping
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Center of Preventive Medicine Research and Assessment, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chongjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haifei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongcheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bingyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: dongsheng_hu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D005934:Glucagon / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005934:Glucagon
keywords: Alcohol consumption; CI; Confidence interval; GWAS; Genetics; Genome-wide association studies; MAF; Minor allele frequency; OR; Odds ratio; Physical activity; SNP; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Smoking; Type 2 diabetes