title: Secular trends and factors associated with overweight among Brazilian preschool children: PNSN-1989, PNDS-1996, and 2006/07.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to describe the secular trends in overweight among preschool children in the years 1989, 1996, and 2006, and to identify risk factors associated with this condition in 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  anthropometric data from three surveys (1989, 1996, and 2006) with a representative sample of the population were analyzed. Overweight was defined as the weight-for-height Z-score. The multivariable models of overweight association with risk factors were generated by Poisson regression, and the estimates were shown as prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (PR [95% CI]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  throughout the 17-year period studied, the relative prevalence of overweight in preschoolers increased by 160% in Brazil, representing an increase of 9.4% per year. Based on data from the National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children - 2006/07, four multivariable models were created (macro-environmental, maternal, individual, and final model) assuming hierarchy among the risk factors. In the final model, only the following remained associated with overweight: regions South/Southeast (1.55 [1.17 to 2.06]), middle-class (1.35 [1.02 to 1.77]), maternal obesity (1.66 [1.22 to 2.27]), birth weight ≥ 3.9kg (1.87 [1.31 to 2.67]), and being an only child or having only one sibling (1.81 [1.31 to 2.49]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the prevalence of overweight among preschool children in Brazil has increased dramatically over the past 17 years, and it was higher in the 1996-2006 period. Future strategies for prevention and control of overweight in public health should focus or intensify actions in communities that are characterized by the presence of the risks identified in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jonasnutri@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Jonas Augusto C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Center of Studies and Research on Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Antônio B
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Colugnati
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monize
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cocetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Augusto A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Taddei
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Brasil; Brazil; Epidemiologia nutricional; Epidemiological surveys; Inquéritos epidemiológicos; Nutritional epidemiology; Obesidade; Obesity; Overweight; Preschooler; Pré-escolar; Sobrepeso