title: Associations of serum uric acid and SLC2A9 variant with depressive and anxiety disorders: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited information exists regarding the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and psychiatric disorders. We explored the relationship between SUA and subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) and specific anxiety disorders. Additionally, we examined the association of SLC2A9 rs6855911 variant with anxiety disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 3,716 individuals aged 35-66 years previously selected for the population-based CoLaus survey and who agreed to undergo further psychiatric evaluation. SUA was measured using uricase-PAP method. The French translation of the semi-structured Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies was used to establish lifetime and current diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders according to the DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men reported significantly higher levels of SUA compared to women (357±74 µmol/L vs. 263±64 µmol/L). The prevalence of lifetime and current MDD was 44% and 18% respectively while the corresponding estimates for any anxiety disorders were 18% and 10% respectively. A quadratic hockey-stick shaped curve explained the relationship between SUA and social phobia better than a linear trend. However, with regards to the other specific anxiety disorders and other subtypes of MDD, there was no consistent pattern of association. Further analyses using SLC2A9 rs6855911 variant, known to be strongly associated with SUA, supported the quadratic relationship observed between SUA phenotype and social phobia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A quadratic relationship between SUA and social phobia was observed consistent with a protective effect of moderately elevated SUA on social phobia, which disappears at higher concentrations. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tanica
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lyngdoh
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bochud
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glaus
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castelao
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waeber
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vollenweider
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preisig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; C411811:SLC2A9 protein, human; D014527:Uric Acid