title: Paraoxonase activity as a tool for clinical monitoring of dogs treated for canine leishmaniasis.
abstract: This study was designed to determine if the activity of paraoxonase (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme that works as a negative acute phase reactant, is a better predictor for the clinical recovery of leishmaniotic dogs receiving standard treatments compared with inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein (CRP) and electrophoretic fractions. For this purpose we tested 20 healthy dogs (controls) and 39 leishmaniotic dogs classified as sick (group A, n=23) or severely sick (group B, n=16) and tested at admission and after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. At admission, CRP and electrophoresis were altered in both groups, while PON1 activity was abnormal only in group B. There were no differences related to the outcome (mortality, complications or time of recovery). PON1 activity normalized in about 2 weeks in dogs that had abnormal values at admission and a final positive outcome; CRP normalized in 4-6 weeks and electrophoretic fractions were still altered after 6 weeks. The results show that, at admission, inflammatory markers did not predict the outcome of leishmaniasis. PON1 activity decreased only in some dogs with systemic inflammation but not in those with mild leishmaniasis: when decreased, PON1 normalized earlier than other markers in dogs that responded to treatment. This finding most likely depends on the rapid decrease in oxidative phenomena. PON1 activity should therefore be tested on admission: if low values are recorded, severe inflammation may be suspected and PON1 measurement may be repeated during treatment to early identify responsive dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Veterinary Laboratory, Poggio dei Pini, 09012 Capoterra, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ibba
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meazzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Clinical Pathology Unit, Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Clinical Pathology Unit, Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy. Electronic address: saverio.paltrinieri@unimi.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paltrinieri
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D000493:Allopurinol; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
keywords: Acute phase protein; Canine leishmaniasis; Clinical monitoring; Electrophoresis; Paraoxonase 1 (PON1)