Cruciferous vegetables, glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms, and the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese men.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the associations between cruciferous vegetable (CV) intake, GST gene polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer (CRC) in a population of Chinese men.


METHODS
Using incidence density sampling, CRC cases (N = 340) diagnosed before December 31, 2010 within the Shanghai Men's Health Study were matched to noncases (N = 673). CV intake was assessed from a food frequency questionnaire and by isothiocyanate levels from spot urine samples. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were categorized as null (0 copies) versus non-null (1 or 2 copies). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between CV intake and GST gene variants with CRC, and statistical interactions were evaluated.


RESULTS
CRC risk was not associated with CV intake, whether measured by self-report or by urinary isothiocyanate nor with GST gene variants. No statistical interactions were detected between CV intake and GST gene variants on the odds of CRC. Stratifying by timing of urine sample collection and excluding CRC cases diagnosed in the first 2 years did not materially alter the results.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides no evidence supporting the involvement of CV intake in the development of CRC in Chinese men.
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Emily
E
Vogtmann
Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Yong-Bing
YB
Xiang
Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Hong-Lan
HL
Li
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
Quiyin
Q
Cai
Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Qi-Jun
QJ
Wu
Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Li
L
Xie
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
Guo-Liang
GL
Li
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
Gong
G
Yang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
John W
JW
Waterbor
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Emily B
EB
Levitan
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, United States.
Bin
B
Zhang
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
Wei
W
Zheng
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States. Electronic address: Xiao-Ou.Shu@Vanderbilt.edu.
Xiao-Ou
XO
Shu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D019607:Brassicaceae; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
Brassicaceae; China; Colorectal neoplasms; Glutathione S-transferase M1; Glutathione S-transferase T1; Men