Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression and NMJ plasticity in skeletal muscle following endurance exercise.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) supports and maintains the neuromuscular system during development and through adulthood by promoting neuroplasticity. The aim of this study was to determine if different modes of exercise can promote changes in GDNF expression and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology in slow- and fast-twitch muscles. Rats were randomly assigned to a run training (run group), swim training (swim group), or sedentary control group. GDNF protein content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. GDNF protein content increased significantly in soleus (SOL) following both training protocols (P<0.05). Although not significant, an increase of 60% in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) followed swim-training (NS; P<0.06). NMJ morphology was analyzed by measuring α-bungarotoxin labeled post-synaptic end plates. GDNF content and total end plate area were positively correlated. End plate area decreased in EDL of the run group and increased in SOL of the swim group. The results indicate that GDNF expression and NMJ morphological changes are activity dependent and that different changes may be observed by varying the exercise intensity in slow- and fast-twitch fibers.
Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA. Electronic address: amy.gyorkos@wmich.edu.
A M
AM
Gyorkos
Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA. Electronic address: monicajmccullough@gmail.com.
M J
MJ
McCullough
Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA. Electronic address: john.spitsbergen@wmich.edu.
J M
JM
Spitsbergen
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000378:metabolism*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology
D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic
ACh; CSA; EDL; EDTA; ELISA; GDNF; NF; NFs; NMJ; PBS; SEM; SOL; acetylcholine; cross sectional area; enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; exercise physiology; extensor digitorum longus; fast-twitch muscle; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; neuromuscular junction; neuroplasticity; neurotrophic factor; neurotrophic factors; phosphate-buffered saline; skeletal muscle; slow-twitch muscle; soleus; standard error of the mean