Human immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain (IGHG) (Fcγ) (GM) genes, defining innate variants of IgG molecules and B cells, have impact on disease and therapy.
The distinguished alternative GM allotypes localized in immunoglobulin constant heavy G chain IGHG (Fcγ) (GM) genes on chromosome 14q32.3 define two unique variants of respectively IgG3, IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses, with different structures and functions. The IGHG allele (allotypes), expressed in homozygous or heterozygous forms, are assessed by new serological methods. Fixed combinations of γ3, γ1 and γ2 allotypes constitute the haplotypes, which are indirect markers of B cells. We highlight the role of homozygous IGHG genes with restricted qualities of IgG subclass molecules and B cells. These common Mendelian IGHG genes respond differently to allergens and infections, both bacterial and viral, and to active and passive immunotherapies. IGHG genes have an impact on diseases such as allergy, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and malignancy. Association/linkage of different IGHG genes gives information about risk/protection, good or bad prognosis, for improvement of clinical care. The IGHG gene map of healthy Caucasians is registered.
Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: vivi-anne.oxelius@med.lu.se.
Vivi-Anne
VA
Oxelius
Janardan P
JP
Pandey
D000483:Alleles; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000235:genetics*; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics
D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D020033:Protein Isoforms
Active and passive immunotherapies; IGHG (Fcγ) (GM) genes;; IgG related diseases;; Innate IgG molecules and B cells;