Five years of experience in nocturnal enuresis and urinary incontinence in children: where we are and where we are going.
BACKGROUND
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a very common pediatric disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of patients with NE or urinary incontinence (UI) during a period of 5 years to increase the knowledge on these conditions and optimize their diagnosis and treatment.


METHODS
We enrolled 278 children with NE or UI referred to the pediatric nephrology ambulatory, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital of Rome, from December 2006 to December 2011.


RESULTS
We observed that heredity, parasomnias, left-handedness, polythelia and constipation are correlated to NE and UI.


CONCLUSIONS
We wanted to clarify the definition of NE and UI and describe our experience on the main characteristics of these conditions by referring to the latest knowledge reported in the literature.
Institute of Pediatrics, 'A. Gemelli' University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
P
P
Ferrara
F
F
Ianniello
L
L
Romani
G C
GC
Fabrizio
A
A
Gatto
A
A
Chiaretti
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009398:Nephrology; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D010372:Pediatrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*