Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, e-selectin and C-reactive protein levels in response to 4-week very-high-fructose or -glucose diets.
OBJECTIVE
High intake of added sweeteners is considered to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders. Especially, high-fructose intake is regarded as potentially harmful to cardiometabolic health. It may cause not only weight gain but also low-grade inflammation, which represents an independent risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In particular, fructose has been suggested to induce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in the liver and to increase circulating inflammatory cytokines. We therefore aimed to investigate, whether high-fructose diet has an impact on PAI-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), e-selectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in healthy humans.


METHODS
We studied 20 participants (12 males and 8 females) of the TUebingen FRuctose Or Glucose study. This is an exploratory, parallel, prospective, randomized, single-blinded, outpatient, hypercaloric, intervention study. The participants had a mean age of 30.9 ± 2.1 years and a mean body mass index of 26.0 ± 0.5 kg/m(2) and they received 150 g of either fructose or glucose per day for 4 weeks.


RESULTS
There were neither significant changes of PAI-1, MCP-1, e-selectin and CRP after fructose (n=10) and glucose (n=10) intervention nor treatment effects (all P>0.2). Moreover, we did not observe longitudinal associations of the inflammatory parameters with triglycerides, liver fat, visceral fat and body weight in the fructose group.


CONCLUSIONS
Temporary high-fructose intake does not seem to cause inflammation in apparently healthy people in this secondary analysis of a small feeding trial.
1] Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland [2] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany [3] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls University, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
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Silbernagel
Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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J
Machann
1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany [2] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls University, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
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HU
Häring
1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany [2] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls University, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
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A
Fritsche
1] Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany [2] Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard-Karls University, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
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Peter
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D004032:Diet; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019040:E-Selectin; D064427:Nutritive Sweeteners; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C546936:SELE protein, human; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005947:Glucose