Glutamine modulates acute dextran sulphate sodium-induced changes in small-intestinal intraepithelial γδ-T-lymphocyte expression in mice.
The present study investigated the effect of glutamine (Gln) on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced changes in the expression of small-intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) γδ-T cells in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to a normal control (NC) group and two DSS-treated groups. The NC group and one of the DSS-treated groups (DSS-C) were fed a common semi-purified diet, while the other DSS-treated group (DSS-G) was fed an identical diet, except that part of casein was replaced by Gln, which provided 25 % of total amino acid nitrogen. After being fed the diets for 10 d, mice in the NC group were given distilled water, while the DSS-treated groups were given distilled water containing 2·5 % DSS for 5 d. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed. The small-intestinal IEL γδ-T-cell subset was isolated for further analysis. The results indicated that DSS treatment resulted in a lower percentage of small-intestinal IEL γδ-T cells and higher mRNA expressions of interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, complement 5a receptor and keratinocyte growth factor in IEL γδ-T cells. Gln administration increased the proportion of small-intestinal IEL γδ-T cells, and the expression levels of immunomodulatory mediator genes in IEL γδ-T cells were lower in the DSS-treated mice. The histological findings indicated that the immunoreactive intensity of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in the small-intestinal mucosa was higher in the DSS-G group than in the DSS-C group. These results indicate that pretreatment with Gln increases the proportion of small-intestinal IEL γδ-T cells and down-regulates γδ-T-cell-expressed inflammatory mediators, which may consequently ameliorate the severity of DSS-induced small-intestinal epithelial injury.
Department of Anatomy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Man-Hui
MH
Pai
School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Jun-Jen
JJ
Liu
School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Sung-Ling
SL
Yeh
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Wei-Jao
WJ
Chen
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chinese Culture University, 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, ROC.
Chiu-Li
CL
Yeh
D000818:Animals; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044087:Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a / Q000235:genetics; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000032:analysis
D020381:Interleukin-17; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044087:Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; C569043:Tjp1 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D005973:Glutamine; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016264:Dextran Sulfate