Sex differences in anger expression, depressed mood, and aggression in children and adolescents.
The current study examined anger expression styles and their relationship to levels of depressed mood and aggressive behavior in male and female children and adolescents. Measures of anger, anger expression, and depressed mood were collected from both children and their parents. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that anger expression significantly predicted sadness but not aggression for females, after accounting for age and anger level. Among males, anger expression was important in predicting aggression but not sadness, whereas age and anger level best predicted sadness. These results suggest that age, anger level, and anger expression may be risk factors for depression and aggression among children and adolescents. Sex appears to be an important factor in anger expression styles and related depression and aggressive behavior.
Department of Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
D L
DL
Clay
K J
KJ
Hagglund
J H
JH
Kashani
R G
RG
Frank