The role of red blood cells in enhancing or preventing HIV infection and other diseases.
OBJECTIVE
To highlight the apparently neglected role of erythrocyte antigens in the epidemiology of infectious diseases, especially HIV, with the prime objective of stimulating research in this area.


METHODS
A literature search was performed on the PubMed for relevant papers from 1984 to 2013, the era covering active HIV research. This was achieved by using the phrases "erythrocyte blood groups HIV" (81 papers) or "red cell antigen, blood groups, and HIV" (60 papers). A manual Google Scholar search was done and supplemented by original papers referenced by various authors. However, the review was limited by the relative scarcity of papers on the subject, and only papers written in English were reviewed during the period October 2012 to September 2013.


RESULTS
Many communicable and noncommunicable diseases are associated with specific blood groups. Examples of these diseases are discussed in detail. HIV has been shown to bind to erythrocytes, and candidate erythrocyte-binding molecules and mechanisms are also discussed. Moreover, erythrocyte-HIV binding is associated with increased viral infectivity, thus, underscoring the need to study this phenomenon and its implications for HIV epidemiology.


CONCLUSIONS
Erythrocyte antigens may be important in the pathogenesis and epidemiology of many diseases, including HIV.
University of Botswana, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaborone, Botswana ; Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Modisa S
MS
Motswaledi
Ishmael
I
Kasvosve
Oluwafemi O
OO
Oguntibeju
D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans
D000941:Antigens; D001789:Blood Group Antigens