Esophageal cancer in Iran; a population-based study regarding adequacy of cancer surgery and overall survival.
OBJECTIVE
Prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) is poor. Population-based studies regarding EC survival and adequacy of cancer surgery (ACS) from developing countries are lacking. We aimed to evaluate EC patients' survival and ACS in a population-based setting for the first time from Iran.


METHODS
We randomly selected 409 cases from all 3048 newly diagnosed EC patients who were registered in the nationwide cancer registry in calendar year 2005-2006 and followed them until 2009. An expert panel in Cancer Institute of Iran reviewed adequacy of esophageal cancer surgery on a national basis.


RESULTS
Overall three-year survival rate was 17%. The median (95% CI) survival time of all patients and cases who underwent surgery alone were 8.5 (6.9-10.1) and 6.0 (3.1-8.9) months, respectively. The hospital mortality was 27.8% among the operated patients. Only 6.8% of cases had documented free circumferential resection margin and merely 4.0% of patients experienced resection of more than 15 lymph nodes during surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
In Iran, the overall survival of EC patients with different treatment modalities are slightly less than those reported from high-income countries, but cases with surgery alone as the main treatment had worse outcome compared with their counterparts in developed countries. Surgery with curative intent has not been performed in most cases in Iran. It seems current clinical outcome of EC patients could be improved with surgical quality improvement and/or more use of chemoradiation in Iran.
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: harirchi@sina.tums.ac.ir.
I
I
Harirchi
Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
S
S
Kolahdoozan
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
S
S
Hajizadeh
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
F
F
Safari
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Z
Z
Sedighi
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
A
A
Nahvijou
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
M R
MR
Mir
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; German Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
S M
SM
Mousavi
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Epidemiology& Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
K
K
Zendehdel
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Adequacy; Esophageal cancer; Population-based; Surgery