Aroma characteristic and volatile profiling of carrot varieties and quantitative role of terpenoid compounds for carrot sensory attributes.
The aroma characteristics and volatile profiles of 14 carrot varieties were investigated by sensory evaluations and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry volatile analyses. The sensory map obtained by principal components analysis showed that the sensory attributes comprised 3 categories: sour/green, overall carrot/harsh/ink-like, and fruity/fresh/sweet. The Kuroda type is characterized by lower intensities of overall carrot/harsh/ink-like and fruity/fresh/sweet notes. Furthermore, volatile profiling indicated that this type did not have significantly higher amounts of volatiles. Partial least squares regression analysis determined the quantitative contributions to ink-like, harsh, and fruity carrot aromas; monoterpenes had significant positive correlations with these attributes, while bisabolene isomers had negative correlations. The aroma attribute intensity and contents of volatiles and nutritional compounds are relatively low in the Kuroda type than in other carrot types. This type may be useful for reducing carrot harshness during the development of new carrots with good eating qualities.
Author Fukuda is with Food Check & Analysis Center, Agricultural Research Inst, HOKUREN Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, 375 Kita-6, Higashi-7, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, 060-0906, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univ, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
Tomohiko
T
Fukuda
Keiki
K
Okazaki
Takuro
T
Shinano
D000328:Adult; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D013649:Taste; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
GC-MS; carrot aroma; sensory evaluation; terpenoids; volatiles