The protective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids from sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa on oxidative stress in PC12 cells and SAMP8 mice.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorders, in which oxidative stress plays an important role. The present study investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-enriched PL) from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa on oxidative injury in PC12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP). We also studied the effect of EPA-enriched PL on learning and memory functions in senescence-accelerated prone mouse strain 8 (SAMP8) in vivo. Pretreatment with EPA-enriched PL resulted in an enhancement of survival in a dose-dependent manner in H2O2 or t-BHP damaged PC12 cells. EPA-enriched PL pretreatment could also reduce the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increase the intracellular total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the H2O2 or t-BHP group. The down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA level and up-regulated Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 mRNA expression induced by H2O2 or t-BHP could be restored by EPA-enriched PL pretreatment. These results demonstrated that EPA-enriched PL exhibited its neuroprotective effects by virtue of its antioxidant activity, which might be achieved by inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. The neuroprotective effect of EPA-enriched PL was also verified in vivo test: the EPA-enriched PL administration prevented the development of learning and memory impairments in SAMP8 mice. Our results indicated that EPA-enriched PL could offer an efficient and novel strategy to explore novel drugs or functional food for neuronprotection and cognitive improvement.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
Feng-Juan
FJ
Wu
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
Yong
Y
Xue
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
Xiao-Fang
XF
Liu
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
Chang-Hu
CH
Xue
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
Jing-Feng
JF
Wang
Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
Lei
L
Du
Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
Koretaro
K
Takahashi
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China. Electronic address: wangyuming@ouc.edu.cn.
Yu-Ming
YM
Wang
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D048016:Cucumaria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010743:Phospholipids; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
AD; Alzheimer’s disease; Antioxidant; EPA-enriched PL; Eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids; H(2)O(2); LDH; Learning and memory impairments; Oxidative stress; SAMP8; SOD; T-AOC; eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids; hydrogen peroxide; lactate dehydrogenase; senescence-accelerated prone mouse strain 8; superoxide dismutase; t-BHP; tert-butylhydroperoxide; total antioxidant capacity