Calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution: chemistry, handling and mechanical properties.
Since their initial formulation in the 1980s, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been increasingly used as bone substitutes. This article provides an overview on the chemistry, kinetics of setting and handling properties (setting time, cohesion and injectability) of CPCs for bone substitution, with a focus on their mechanical properties. Many processing parameters, such as particle size, composition of cement reactants and additives, can be adjusted to control the setting process of CPCs, concomitantly influencing their handling and mechanical performance. Moreover, this review shows that, although the mechanical strength of CPCs is generally low, it is not a critical issue for their application for bone repair--an observation not often realized by researchers and clinicians. CPCs with compressive strengths comparable to those of cortical bones can be produced through densification and/or homogenization of the cement matrix. The real limitation for CPCs appears to be their low fracture toughness and poor mechanical reliability (Weibull modulus), which have so far been only rarely studied.
Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
Jingtao
J
Zhang
Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
Weizhen
W
Liu
Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Graftys SA, Eiffel Park, Bâtiment C, 415 Rue Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Pôle d'activités d'Aix en Provence, 13854 Aix en Provence Cedex 3, France.
Verena
V
Schnitzler
Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
Franck
F
Tancret
Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France. Electronic address: jean-michel.bouler@univ-nantes.fr.
Jean-Michel
JM
Bouler
D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena
D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate
Bone void fillers; Calcium phosphate cements; Mechanical properties; Porosity