Stem cell regeneration of degenerated intervertebral discs: current status (update).
Low back pain, strongly associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, affects a large proportion of the population and has major social and economic costs. Current treatments remain inadequate, targeting the symptoms without addressing the underlying cause. As such, efforts are being directed towards development of therapies aimed at alleviating pain through the restoration of IVD function. The potential of cell-based therapies for the treatment of IVD degeneration are being actively explored, with an emphasis on cell/biomaterial tissue engineering. Adult mesenchymal stem cells, capable of differentiating down the discogenic lineage, have shown promise as a suitable cell source for IVD tissue engineering. However, a number of factors, (discussed in this review), remain to be addressed, including development of a differentiation protocol to produce the correct cell phenotype, identification of suitable biomaterials for cell delivery/implantation, and ensuring cell survival and correct function upon implantation into the degenerate IVD.
Center for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
Hamish T J
HT
Gilbert
Judith A
JA
Hoyland
Stephen M
SM
Richardson
D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013234:Stem Cells; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods