Standard and Novel Treatment Options for Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus.
Type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome are 2 intertwined conditions that are critical to the healthcare landscape in the United States and abroad. Patients with either diabetes or metabolic syndrome can have a dramatically increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Numerous treatment options have existed for some time, which include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies. In addition, within the last decade, a multiple of novel treatment options have emerged for the management of hyperglycemia in particular. By targeting novel pathways beyond the secretion and supply of insulin, these new therapeutics provide a valuable adjunct to the currently available therapies for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Here we discuss the current guideline-driven usage of standard therapies with some novel indications. In addition, we discuss the novel therapies for the treatment of hyperglycemia, their mechanisms of action, and appropriate therapeutic indications.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Irvine, City Tower, Ste. 400, Mail Code: 4080, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
Elliott M
EM
Groves
Katherine
K
Yu
Nathan D
ND
Wong
Shaista
S
Malik