Pharmacogenetics: has the time come for pharmacists to embrace and implement the science?
Pharmacogenetics--the study of interindividual differences in medication response as a result of genetic variations--has emerged as a potentially useful tool for individualizing medication regimens for patients. Genetic variations can affect drug disposition inseveral ways, from modifying receptor sensitivities to impacting drug metabolism. Over the last several years, the Food and Drug Administration has been steadily including pharmacogenetic information in drug labeling for several commonly prescribed drugs. Several organizations are attempting to provide evidence-based guidelines for widespread implementation and interpretation. Pharmacists, armed with knowledge of drug metabolism pathways and drug-gene interactions, are uniquely positioned to play an active role in the education, provision, and clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics.
Natural Molecular Testing Corporation, Renton, Washington The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Manju T
MT
Beier
Madhumitha
M
Panchapagesan
Ladd E
LE
Carman
D004348:Drug Labeling; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D024382:Professional Role; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
APhA = American Pharmacists Association; BRAF = V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CYP450 = Cytochrome P450; Clinical utility; Cytochrome P450 enzymes; DPD = Dihydropyrimidinedehydrogenase; Evidence-based guidelines; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; Genotype; HER2 = Human epidermal growth factor 2; HIPAA = Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; Human Genome Project; Metabolizer; NHGRI = National Human Genome Research Institute; NIH = National Institutes of Health; PCI = Percutaneous coronary intervention; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomics; Phenotype; Polymorphism; RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial; TPMT = Thiopurine S-methyltransferase; UGT = Uridine 5’-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase