Carvacryl acetate, a derivative of carvacrol, reduces nociceptive and inflammatory response in mice.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of carvacryl acetate, a derivative of carvacrol, in mice.


METHODS
The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using various phlogistic agents that induce paw edema, peritonitis model, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Evaluation of antinociceptive activity was conducted through acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, formalin test, capsaicin and glutamate tests, as well as evaluation of motor performance on rotarod test.


RESULTS
Pretreatment of mice with carvacryl acetate (75 mg/kg) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema (P<0.05) when compared to vehicle-treated group. Likewise, carvacryl acetate (75 mg/kg) strongly inhibited edema induced by histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin E2 and compound 48/80. In the peritonitis model, carvacryl acetate significantly decreased total and differential leukocyte counts, and reduced levels of myeloperoxidase and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the peritoneal exudate. The levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, were enhanced by carvacryl acetate. Pretreatment with carvacryl acetate also decreased the number of acetic acid-induced writhing, increased the latency time of the animals on the hot plate and decreased paw licking time in the formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. The pretreatment with naloxone did not reverse the carvacryl acetate-mediated nociceptive effect.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that carvacryl acetate exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in mice by reducing inflammatory mediators, neutrophil migration and cytokine concentration, and anti-nociceptive activity due to the involvement of capsaicin and glutamate pathways.
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
Samara R B
SR
Damasceno
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutics Science of Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Francisco Rodrigo A M
FR
Oliveira
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
Nathalia S
NS
Carvalho
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
Camila F C
CF
Brito
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
Irismara S
IS
Silva
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
Francisca Beatriz M
FB
Sousa
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
Renan O
RO
Silva
Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Damião P
DP
Sousa
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
André Luiz R
AL
Barbosa
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutics Science of Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Rivelilson M
RM
Freitas
Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.. Electronic address: jandvenes@ufpi.edu.br.
Jand-Venes R
JV
Medeiros
D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007960:Leukocyte Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D039821:Monoterpenes; C586464:carvacryl acetate; D009195:Peroxidase
Anti-inflammatory; Anti-nociceptive; Carvacrol; Carvacryl acetate