Adipose inflammation in obesity: relationship with circulating levels of inflammatory markers and association with surgery-induced weight loss.
BACKGROUND
The inflammatory state of the adipose tissue is believed to contribute to systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity.


OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the relationship between adipose and circulating inflammatory markers as well as the influence of adipose inflammation on bariatric surgery-induced weight reduction.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (up to 14 mo).


METHODS
The study was conducted in the digestive/bariatric surgery department of the Tivoli and Jean Villar clinics, Bordeaux, France.


METHODS
Thirty-seven obese patients [body mass index (BMI)>35-40 kg/m2)] seeking bariatric surgery were included. Twenty-eight of them were successively followed up at 1-3 months after surgery and 25 between 6 and 14 months after surgery.


METHODS
Fasting serum samples were collected before surgery to assess concentrations of inflammatory markers. Samples of visceral adipose tissue were extracted during surgery and gene expression of cytokines and immune cell markers were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. Pre- and postsurgery weight and BMI were collected.


RESULTS
Gene expression of several cytokines were strongly intercorrelated in the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose expression of macrophage and T cell markers were related to adipose expression of TNF-α and IL-1 receptor antagonist (P<.01) and to systemic levels of TNF-α (P<.01) and IL-6 (P<.05). A higher inflammatory state of the adipose tissue predicted a lower BMI reduction after surgery (P<.05), notably at early stages after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the involvement of macrophages and T cells in adipose inflammation and provide new information regarding the role of the visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory state of obesity and its impact on obesity treatment outcomes, such as surgery-induced weight loss.
Department of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (J.L., S.D., A.A., S.L., L.C.), and University of Bordeaux (J.L., S.D., A.A., S.L., L.C.), F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Pariétale, Clinique Tivoli (E.M., C.B., P.L.), F-33000 Bordeaux, France; and Clinique Jean Villar (E.M., C.B., P.L.), F-33520,Bruges, France.
Julie
J
Lasselin
Eric
E
Magne
Cédric
C
Beau
Patrick
P
Ledaguenel
Sandra
S
Dexpert
Agnès
A
Aubert
Sophie
S
Layé
Lucile
L
Capuron
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015434:Panniculitis / Q000097:blood*; D015431:Weight Loss
D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators