Recent developments and future trends in solid phase microextraction techniques towards green analytical chemistry.
Solid phase microextraction find increasing applications in the sample preparation step before chromatographic determination of analytes in samples with a complex composition. These techniques allow for integrating several operations, such as sample collection, extraction, analyte enrichment above the detection limit of a given measuring instrument and the isolation of analytes from sample matrix. In this work the information about novel methodological and instrumental solutions in relation to different variants of solid phase extraction techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) is presented, including practical applications of these techniques and a critical discussion about their advantages and disadvantages. The proposed solutions fulfill the requirements resulting from the concept of sustainable development, and specifically from the implementation of green chemistry principles in analytical laboratories. Therefore, particular attention was paid to the description of possible uses of novel, selective stationary phases in extraction techniques, inter alia, polymeric ionic liquids, carbon nanotubes, and silica- and carbon-based sorbents. The methodological solutions, together with properly matched sampling devices for collecting analytes from samples with varying matrix composition, enable us to reduce the number of errors during the sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis as well as to limit the negative impact of this analytical step on the natural environment and the health of laboratory employees.
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str.11/12, Gdansk 80-233 Poland.
Agata
A
Spietelun
Łukasz
Ł
Marcinkowski
Miguel
M
de la Guardia
Jacek
J
Namieśnik
D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
Green analytical chemistry; Magnetic solid phase extraction; Micro-solid phase extraction; Sample preparation; Solid-phase microextraction; Stir bar sorptive extraction