Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for macular edema.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are nowadays widely used in ophthalmology to reduce eye inflammation, pain, and cystoid macular edema associated with cataract surgery. Recently, new topical NSAIDs have been approved for topical ophthalmic use, allowing for greater drug penetration into the vitreous. Hence, new therapeutic effects can be achieved, such as reduction of exudation secondary to age-related macular degeneration or diabetic maculopathy. We provide an updated review on the clinical use of NSAIDs for retinal diseases, with a focus on the potential future applications.
Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedale Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Andrea
A
Russo
Ciro
C
Costagliola
Luisa
L
Delcassi
Francesco
F
Parmeggiani
Mario R
MR
Romano
Roberto
R
Dell'Omo
Francesco
F
Semeraro
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011453:Prostaglandins; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases