Novel evidence for enhanced stem cell trafficking in antipsychotic-naïve subjects during their first psychotic episode.
In this study, we tested the novel hypothesis that stem cells and those factors that modulate their trafficking may be biological markers for acute psychosis. Twenty-eight subjects during their first nonaffective psychotic episode were investigated before and after antipsychotic treatment and were compared with 35 healthy controls (CG); the psychotic group (PG) was divided into "schizophrenic" (SG) and "non-schizophrenic" (NG) subgroups. We examined the number of circulating Lin(-)/CD45(-)/CD34(+) and Lin(-)/CD45(-)/CD133(+) very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), which express markers of the neural lineage, and also the plasma levels of factors that modulate their trafficking: the C3a, C5a, and C5b-9 activated complement cascade components, stromal-derived factor 1, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We found that the mean numbers of Lin(-)/CD45(-)/CD34(+) VSELs and the plasma levels of S1P prior to treatment differ between the CG and PG and that these cells express markers of neural lineage. The number of Lin(-)/CD45(-)/CD133(+) VSELs in peripheral blood differed between the SG and NG prior to treatment. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that C3a and S1P are the best predictors of risk and are potential markers for the first psychotic episode. Furthermore, in the SG, the number of circulating Lin(-)/CD45(-)/CD34(+) VSELs and the S1P plasma level are the best predictors of risk and are proposed as novel markers for the first "schizophrenic" episode of psychosis.
Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Jolanta
J
Kucharska-Mazur
Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Maciej
M
Tarnowski
Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Barbara
B
Dołęgowska
Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Marta
M
Budkowska
Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Daniel
D
Pędziwiatr
Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Marcin
M
Jabłoński
Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Justyna
J
Pełka-Wysiecka
Department of Vascular Surgery, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland.
Arkadiusz
A
Kazimierczak
Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Mariusz Z
MZ
Ratajczak
Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: samoj@pum.edu.pl.
Jerzy
J
Samochowiec
D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; D055815:Young Adult
D015703:Antigens, CD; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; C405707:OLIG1 protein, human; C405708:OLIG2 protein, human; C103530:STIM1 protein, human; C401298:sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase
Complement cascade; First episode of psychosis; Schizophrenia; Sphingosine-1-phosphate; VSEL