Effects of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation in high-fat fed mice on lipid metabolism and apelin/APJ system in skeletal muscle.
Various studies have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has beneficial effects on obesity and associated disorders. Apelin, the ligand of APJ receptor also exerts insulin-sensitizing effects especially by improving muscle metabolism. EPA has been shown to increase apelin production in adipose tissue but its effects in muscle have not been addressed. Thus, the effects of EPA supplementation (36 g/kg EPA) in high-fat diet (HFD) (45% fat, 20% protein, 35% carbohydrate) were studied in mice with focus on muscle lipid metabolism and apelin/APJ expression. Compared with HFD mice, HFD+EPA mice had significantly less weight gain, fat mass, lower blood glucose, insulinemia and hepatic steatosis after 10 weeks of diet. In addition, EPA prevented muscle metabolism alterations since intramuscular triglycerides were decreased and β-oxidation increased. In soleus muscles of HFD+EPA mice, apelin and APJ expression were significantly increased compared to HFD mice. However, plasma apelin concentrations in HFD and HFD+EPA mice were similar. EPA-induced apelin expression was confirmed in differentiated C2C12 myocytes but in this model, apelin secretion was also increased in response to EPA treatment. In conclusion, EPA supplementation in HFD prevents obesity and metabolic alterations in mice, especially in skeletal muscle. Since EPA increases apelin/APJ expression in muscle, apelin may act in a paracrine/autocrine manner to contribute to these benefical effects.
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France ; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Toulouse, France.
Chantal
C
Bertrand
Angelica
A
Pignalosa
Estelle
E
Wanecq
Chloé
C
Rancoule
Aurélie
A
Batut
Simon
S
Deleruyelle
Lillà
L
Lionetti
Philippe
P
Valet
Isabelle
I
Castan-Laurell
D054392:Adipokines; D000818:Animals; D000073861:Apelin; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
D054392:Adipokines; D000073861:Apelin; C402826:Apln protein, mouse; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid