Bupropion response on sleep quality in patients with depression: implications for increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Depression could be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We assessed bupropion response in depressed patients by polysomnography (PSG) and cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) variables. Nineteen subjects participated in a two-session, two consecutive night PSG protocol. Participants received either placebo or bupropion-SR 150 mg, orally, in a randomized, double-blind cross-over fashion on night two. Outcome variables were: sleep stages, REM latency, stable, unstable sleep and very low frequency coupling (VLFC). CPC analysis uses heart rate variability and the electrocardiogram's R-wave amplitude fluctuations associated with respiration to generate frequency maps. Bupropion increased REM latency (p=0.043) but did not impact PSG sleep continuity, architecture and CPC variables. A trend (p=0.092) was observed towards increasing VLFC duration. Bupropion increased the number of stable-unstable sleep transitions (p=0.036). Moderate to strong correlations between PSG and CPC variables were found on placebo and bupropion nights. Limitations include a small sample size, limited power to detect CPC changes and lack of normal controls for comparison. Increased stable-unstable sleep transitions and VLFC duration may indicate vulnerability to cardiovascular disease due to their association with low heart rate variability that has been associated with increased mortality raising the question whether the beneficial effects of the antidepressant medication outweighs the impact on cardiopulmonary dynamics.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wissenschaftliche Psychotherapie-Freiburg, Immental Str. 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: pjs@remsleepmed.com.
Preetam J
PJ
Schramm
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: russell.poland@gmail.com.
Russell E
RE
Poland
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: urao@mmc.edu.
Uma
U
Rao
D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012306:Risk; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D016642:Bupropion
Bupropion; Cardiopulmonary coupling; Depression; Sleep quality