New agents in renal cell carcinoma.
Prior to 2005, the treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) were limited. There has been a proliferation of agents since the introduction of sorafenib, sunitinib, and becavicumab for clinical use in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Recently, four new agents have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in mRCC. These agents come from two unique targeted pathways for RCC, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. This review examines the investigational evolution, phases of development, adverse event profiles, and future directions of pazopanib, axitinib, everolimus, and temsirolimus as well as new novel agents being explored in clinical trials for these targeted pathways.
Hematology/Oncology Department, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA, Raetasha.s.dabney.mil@mail.mil.
Raetasha
R
Dabney
Ryan
R
Devine
Nancy
N
Sein
Benjamin
B
George
D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic