Comparing factor structure of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ): In Italy sexual behavior is euphoric but in Asia mysterious and forbidden.
BACKGROUND
The introduction of screening questionnaires, such as the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), has stimulated clinical and epidemiological studies on bipolar disorders. In this work, we studied the item response pattern of the MDQ in the Italian population and compared the results with those of the validation of the MDQ in Asian studies (Chinese and Korean), analyzing similarities and differences among the populations studied.


METHODS
The sample was made up of 2278 participants, distributed as follows: 56.6% females, 50.8% living in the north-central Italy, and 33.7% living in rural areas. The factor analysis was run on the matrix of tetrachoric correlations. The psychometric properties of the MDQ were also studied using the Rasch logistic model.


RESULTS
The parallel analysis found two significant components. The first includes symptoms referring to acceleration, danger and irritability as risky behaviors, social interaction problems and mental flow. The second includes symptoms referring to self-confidence and energy. With respect to the Korean/Chinese results, the Italian sample, item 11 ("much more sex"), appears related to self-confidence and energy, while in Asia it is connected with items expressing risky behaviors and irritability.


CONCLUSIONS
Differences in the frequency of comorbid disorders in Asian and Italian populations should be considered. The results should be confirmed and compared with those of other populations.


CONCLUSIONS
Cultural differences appear to be associated with a different symptomatic expression of bipolar spectrum disorders. Future research will investigate the role of gene-environment interaction in the genesis of these differences.
University of Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: mgcarta@tiscali.it.
Mauro Giovanni
MG
Carta
University of Cagliari, Italy.
Davide
D
Massidda
University of Cagliari, Italy.
Maria Francesca
MF
Moro
University of Catania, Italy.
Eugenio
E
Aguglia
University of Udine, Italy.
Matteo
M
Balestrieri
University of Catania, Italy.
Filippo
F
Caraci
University of Pisa, Italy.
Liliana
L
Dell'Osso
University of Bari, Italy.
Guido
G
Di Sciascio
University of Catania, Italy.
Filippo
F
Drago
University of Florence, Italy.
Carlo
C
Faravelli
University of Cagliari, Italy.
Maria Carolina
MC
Hardoy
University of Bari, Italy.
Salvatore
S
Calò
University of L'Aquila, Italy.
Rocco
R
Pollice
International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Audrey
A
Fortezzo
International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Hagop
H
Akiskal
D001208:Asia; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Asian; Bipolar disorder; Italian; Mania; Mood Disorder Questionnaire; Sex