International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. [corrected]. LXXXIX. Update on the extended family of chemokine receptors and introducing a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors.
Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, the large family of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors that regulates immune system development and function, in large part by mediating leukocyte trafficking. This was announced in Pharmacological Reviews in a major overview of the first decade of research in this field [Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hébert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, and Power CA (2000) Pharmacol Rev 52:145-176]. Since then, several new receptors have been discovered, and major advances have been made for the others in many areas, including structural biology, signal transduction mechanisms, biology, and pharmacology. New and diverse roles have been identified in infection, immunity, inflammation, development, cancer, and other areas. The first two drugs acting at chemokine receptors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), maraviroc targeting CCR5 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, and plerixafor targeting CXCR4 for stem cell mobilization for transplantation in cancer, and other candidates are now undergoing pivotal clinical trials for diverse disease indications. In addition, a subfamily of atypical chemokine receptors has emerged that may signal through arrestins instead of G proteins to act as chemokine scavengers, and many microbial and invertebrate G protein-coupled chemokine receptors and soluble chemokine-binding proteins have been described. Here, we review this extended family of chemokine receptors and chemokine-binding proteins at the basic, translational, and clinical levels, including an update on drug development. We also introduce a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors with the stem ACKR (atypical chemokine receptor) approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology and the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee.
Chair, Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors, Nomenclature Committee-International Union of Pharmacology, Bldg. 10, Room 11N113, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. pmm@nih.gov.
Francoise
F
Bachelerie
Adit
A
Ben-Baruch
Amanda M
AM
Burkhardt
Christophe
C
Combadiere
Joshua M
JM
Farber
Gerard J
GJ
Graham
Richard
R
Horuk
Alexander Hovard
AH
Sparre-Ulrich
Massimo
M
Locati
Andrew D
AD
Luster
Alberto
A
Mantovani
Kouji
K
Matsushima
Philip M
PM
Murphy
Robert
R
Nibbs
Hisayuki
H
Nomiyama
Christine A
CA
Power
Amanda E I
AE
Proudfoot
Mette M
MM
Rosenkilde
Antal
A
Rot
Silvano
S
Sozzani
Marcus
M
Thelen
Osamu
O
Yoshie
Albert
A
Zlotnik
D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013987:Ticks; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014764:Viral Proteins