Intake of butter naturally enriched with cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in healthy young adults.
A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) depletion-repletion study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary c9,t11 CLA on C-reactive protein, transcription factor NFκB, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, inflammatory mediators (adiponectin, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10), body composition, and erythrocyte membrane composition in healthy normal-weight human adults. CLA depletion was achieved through an 8-week period of restricted dairy fat intake (depletion phase; CLA intake was 5.2±5.8 mg/day), followed by an 8-week period in which individuals consumed 20 g/day of butter naturally enriched with c9,t11 CLA (repletion phase; CLA intake of 1020±167 mg/day). The participants were 29 healthy adult volunteers (19 women and 10 men, aged 22 to 36 years), with body mass index between 18.0 and 29.9 kg m(-2). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of both depletion and repletion phases. The content of CLA in erythrocytes decreased during CLA-depletion and increased during CLA-repletion. Intake of CLA-enriched butter increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 but reduced transcription factor NFκB in blood and serum levels of TNFα, IL-2, IL-8 and inactive metalloproteinase-9. Moreover, reduced activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in serum was observed during the CLA-repletion period. In contrast, intake of CLA-enriched butter had no effects on body composition (DXA analysis) as well as on serum levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and IL-4. Taken together, our results indicate that the intake of a c9,t11 CLA-enriched butter by normal-weight subjects induces beneficial changes in immune modulators associated with sub-clinical inflammation in overweight individuals.
Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
Letícia A
LA
Penedo
Juliana C
JC
Nunes
Marco Antônio S
MA
Gama
Paulo Emilio C
PE
Leite
Thereza F
TF
Quirico-Santos
Alexandre G
AG
Torres
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
D052242:Adiponectin; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016209:Interleukin-8; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D002079:Butter; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
Bioactive lipid; CLA; Cytokines; Depletion–repletion; Inflammation; Rumenic acid