A blind reversible robust watermarking scheme for relational databases.
Protecting the ownership and controlling the copies of digital data have become very important issues in Internet-based applications. Reversible watermark technology allows the distortion-free recovery of relational databases after the embedded watermark data are detected or verified. In this paper, we propose a new, blind, reversible, robust watermarking scheme that can be used to provide proof of ownership for the owner of a relational database. In the proposed scheme, a reversible data-embedding algorithm, which is referred to as "histogram shifting of adjacent pixel difference" (APD), is used to obtain reversibility. The proposed scheme can detect successfully 100% of the embedded watermark data, even if as much as 80% of the watermarked relational database is altered. Our extensive analysis and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against a variety of data attacks, for example, alteration attacks, deletion attacks, mix-match attacks, and sorting attacks.
Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan ; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
Chin-Chen
CC
Chang
Thai-Son
TS
Nguyen
Chia-Chen
CC
Lin
D000465:Algorithms; D016494:Computer Security; D019992:Databases as Topic; D020407:Internet