Resuscitation of preterm neonates with limited versus high oxygen strategy.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a limited oxygen strategy (LOX) versus a high oxygen strategy (HOX) during delivery room resuscitation decreases oxidative stress in preterm neonates.


METHODS
A randomized trial of neonates of 24 to 34 weeks' gestational age (GA) who received resuscitation was performed. LOX neonates received room air as the initial resuscitation gas, and fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) was adjusted by 10% every 30 seconds to achieve target preductal oxygen saturations (Spo2) as described by the 2010 Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines. HOX neonates received 100% O2 as initial resuscitation gas, and Fio2 was adjusted by 10% to keep preductal Spo2 at 85% to 94%. Total hydroperoxide (TH), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and the oxidative balance ratio (BAP/TH) were analyzed in cord blood and the first hour of life. Secondary outcomes included delivery room interventions, respiratory support on NICU admission, and short-term morbidities.


RESULTS
Forty-four LOX (GA: 30 ± 3 weeks; birth weight: 1678 ± 634 g) and 44 HOX (GA: 30 ± 3 weeks; birth weight: 1463 ± 606 g) neonates were included. LOX decreased integrated excess oxygen (∑Fio2 × time [min]) in the delivery room compared with HOX (401 ± 151 vs 662 ± 249; P < .01). At 1 hour of life, BAP/TH was 60% higher for LOX versus HOX neonates (13 [9-16] vs 8 [6-9]) µM/U.CARR, P < .01). LOX decreased ventilator days (3 [0-64] vs 8 [0-96]; P < .05) and reduced the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (7% vs 25%; P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
LOX is feasible and results in less oxygen exposure, lower oxidative stress, and decreased respiratory morbidities and thus is a reasonable alternative for resuscitation of preterm neonates in the delivery room.
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9063. myra.wyckoff@utsouthwestern.edu.
Vishal S
VS
Kapadia
Lina F
LF
Chalak
John E
JE
Sparks
James R
JR
Allen
Rashmin C
RC
Savani
Myra H
MH
Wyckoff
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005609:Free Radicals; D010100:Oxygen
newborn; oxidative stress; oxygen; preterm; resuscitation