HIV accessory proteins versus host restriction factors.
Primate immunodeficiency viruses, including HIV-1, are characterized by the presence of accessory genes such as vif, vpr, vpx, vpu, and nef. Current knowledge indicates that none of the primate lentiviral accessory proteins has enzymatic activity. Instead, these proteins interact with cellular ligands to either act as adapter molecules to redirect the normal function of host factors for virus-specific purposes or to inhibit a normal host function by mediating degradation or causing intracellular mislocalization/sequestration of the factors involved. This review aims at providing an update of our current understanding of how Vif, Vpu, and Vpx control the cellular restriction factors APOBEC3G, BST-2, and SAMHD1, respectively.
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Viral Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0460, United States. Electronic address: kstrebel@nih.gov.
Klaus
K
Strebel
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D017958:Lentiviruses, Primate; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D015703:Antigens, CD; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D000076106:SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C074286:VPX protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 2; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins; C484280:SAMHD1 protein, human; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human