Risk of prostate and bladder cancers in patients with spinal cord injury: a population-based cohort study.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the risk of prostate and bladder cancers in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).


METHODS
We used data obtained from the National Health Insurance system of Taiwan for this study. The SCI cohort contained 54,401 patients with SCI, and each patient was randomly frequency matched with 4 people from the general population (without SCI) based on age, sex, and index date. Incidence rates, SCI cohort to non-SCI cohort rate ratios, and hazard ratios were measured to evaluate the cancer risks.


RESULTS
Patients with SCI showed a significantly lower risk of developing prostate cancer compared with subjects without SCI (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.73; 95% confidence interval = 0.59, 0.90), after accounting for the competing risk of death. No significant difference in the risk of bladder cancer emerged between the SCI and control groups. Further analyses found a higher spinal level of SCI tended to predict a lower risk for prostate cancer.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with SCI incurred a lower risk for prostate cancer compared with people without SCI. The risk for bladder cancer did not differ between people with or without SCI.
China Medical University Hospital Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Wen-Yuan
WY
Lee
Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Li-Min
LM
Sun
Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Cheng-Li
CL
Lin
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Ji-An
JA
Liang
Department of Radiation Oncology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Yen-Jung
YJ
Chang
Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Fung-Chang
FC
Sung
Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: d10040@mail.cmuh.org.tw.
Chia-Hung
CH
Kao
D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
Bladder cancer; Cohort study; Prostate cancer; Spinal cord injury