Organophosphorus pesticide and ester analysis by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame photometric detection.
Thirty-seven phosphorus (P)-containing compounds comprising organophosphorus pesticides and organophosphate esters were analyzed by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame photometric detection in P mode (GC × GC-FPD(P)), with a non-polar/moderately polar column set. A suitable modulation temperature and period was chosen based on experimental observation. A number of co-eluting peak pairs on the (1)D column were well separated in 2D space. Excellent FPD(P) detection selectivity, responding to compounds containing the P atom, produces clear 2D GC × GC plots with little interference from complex hydrocarbon matrices. Limits of detection (LOD) were within the range of 0.0021-0.048 μmol L(-1), and linear calibration correlation coefficients (R(2)) for all 37 P-compounds were at least 0.998. The P-compounds were spiked in 2% diesel and good reproducibility for their response areas and retention times was obtained. Spiked recoveries were 88%-157% for 5 μg L(-1) and 80%-138% for 10 μg L(-1) spiked levels. Both (1)tR and (2)tR shifts were noted when the content of diesel was in excess of 5% in the matrix. Soil samples were analyzed by using the developed method; some P-compounds were positively detected. In general, this study shows that GC × GC-FPD(P) is an accurate, sensitive and simple method for P-compound analysis in complicated environmental samples.
Nanjing Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zizhulin Street, Gulou 210003, Nanjing, China.
Xiangping
X
Liu
Dengkun
D
Li
Jiequan
J
Li
Gavin
G
Rose
Philip J
PJ
Marriott
D002138:Calibration; D002618:Chemical Warfare; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D007648:Kerosene; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods; D012524:Sarin / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012999:Soman / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature
D005742:Gasoline; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D007648:Kerosene; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; D012999:Soman; D012524:Sarin; C009374:tabun
Chemical weapons standards; Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; Flame photometric detection; Organophosphate esters; Organophosphorus pesticides; Soil