High-temperature GC-MS-based serum cholesterol signatures may reveal sex differences in vasospastic angina.
Alterations of cholesterol metabolism are responsible for vasospastic angina and atherosclerosis. To comprehensively evaluate cholesterol metabolism, 18 sterols, including cholesterol, 6 cholesteryl esters (CEs), 3 cholesterol precursors, and 8 hydroxycholesterols (OHCs), were simultaneously analyzed using hybrid solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification coupled to high-temperature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HTGC-MS). Methanol-based hybrid SPE increased the selective extraction, and HTGC resulted in a good chromatographic resolution for the separation of lipophilic compounds. The limits of quantification of cholesterol and CEs ranged from 0.2 to 10.0 μg/ml, while OHCs and cholesterol precursors ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 μg/ml. Linearity as the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.99 with the exception of cholesteryl laurate, myristate, oleate, and linoleate (r² > 0.98). The precision (% coefficient of variation) and accuracy (% bias) ranged from 1.1 to 9.8% and from 75.9 to 125.1%, respectively. The overall recoveries of CEs ranged from 26.1 to 64.0%, and the recoveries of other sterols ranged from 83.8 to 129.3%. The cholesterol signatures showed sex differences in patients with vasospastic angina and may associate with 24-reductases. This technique can be useful for making clinical diagnoses and for an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of vasospastic angina.
Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
Hyun-Hwa
HH
Son
Ju-Yeon
JY
Moon
Hong Seog
HS
Seo
Hyun Hee
HH
Kim
Bong Chul
BC
Chung
Man Ho
MH
Choi
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D012727:Sex Characteristics
D002784:Cholesterol
cardiovascular disease; hybrid solid-phase extraction-precipitation; hydroxycholesterol