Spaced taste avoidance conditioning in Lymnaea.
We succeeded in taste avoidance conditioning with sucrose as the conditional stimulus (CS) and an electrical stimulus (∼1000V, 80μA) as the unconditional stimulus (US). With 15 paired CS-US presentations on a single day, we were able to elicit both short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) persisting for at least one week. However, while STM was elicited with 5, 8, 10, and 20 paired presentations of the CS-US on a single day, LTM was not. We found, however, that if we inserted a 3h interval between a first and a second set of CS-US pairings that both 8 and 20 paired CS-US presentations on a single day was now sufficient to cause LTM formation. Exposing snails to bryostatin before or during training enhanced LTM formation such that 8 paired presentations of the CS-US resulted in LTM.
Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Nishino 317, Numazu 410-0321, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: 3tld001@mail.tokai-u.jp.
Satoshi
S
Takigami
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic address: hsunada@ucalgary.ca.
Hiroshi
H
Sunada
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic address: lukowiak@ucalgary.ca.
Ken
K
Lukowiak
Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Nishino 317, Numazu 410-0321, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: manabu@tokai.ac.jp.
Manabu
M
Sakakibara
D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D054713:Bryostatins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D008195:Lymnaea; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D013395:Sucrose; D013649:Taste; D013997:Time Factors
D054713:Bryostatins; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D013395:Sucrose
ANOVA; Bryo; CS; High voltage stimulus; ITM; LTM; Long term memory; Massed training; NS; PKC; Protein kinase C; STM; Short term memory; Spaced training; TAC; Taste avoidance conditioning; US; analysis of variance; bryostatin; conditional stimulus; intermediate-term memory; long-term memory; not significant; protein kinase C; short-term memory; taste avoidance conditioning; unconditional stimulus