The effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium and titanium-zirconium surfaces.
BACKGROUND
Commercially pure Ti, together with Ti Ni, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys, are among the materials currently being used for this purpose. Titanium-zirconium (TiZr) has been developed that allows SLActive surface modification and that has comparable or better mechanical strength and improved biocompatibility compared with existing Ti alloys. Furthermore, approaches have targeted making the implant surface more hydrophilic, as with the Straumann SLActive surface, a modification of the SLA surface.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) to the behavior of neonatal rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells cultured on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium-zirconium alloy (TiZr) discs with hydrophilic surface properties.


METHODS
Osteoblast cells were cultured on titanium and TiZr discs, and PEMF was applied. Cell proliferation rates, cell numbers, cell viability rates, alkaline phosphatase, and midkine (MK) levels were measured at 24 and 72 hours.


RESULTS
At 24 hours, the number of cells was significantly higher in the TiZr group. At 72 hours, TiZr had a significantly higher number of cells when compared to SLActive, SLActive + PEMF, and machine surface + PEMF groups. At 24 hours, cell proliferation was significantly higher in the TiZr group than SLActive and TiZr + PEMF group. At 72 hours, TiZr group had higher proliferation rate than machine surface and TiZr + PEMF. Cell proliferation in the machine surface group was lower than both SLActive + PEMF and machine surface + PEMF. MK levels of PEMF-treated groups were lower than untreated groups for 72 hours.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings conclude that TiZr surfaces are similar to cpTi surfaces in terms of biocompatibility. However, PEMF application has a higher stimulative effect on cells cultured on cpTi surfaces when compared to TiZr.
From the *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul; †Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul; ‡Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul; §Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara; ∥Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara; #Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul; ¶Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu; and **Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Belir
B
Atalay
Buket
B
Aybar
Mine
M
Ergüven
Yusuf
Y
Emes
Özgür
Ö
Bultan
Kivanç
K
Akça
Serhat
S
Yalçin
Uğur
U
Baysal
Halim
H
Işsever
Murat Cavit
MC
Çehreli
Ayhan
A
Bilir
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000497:Alloys; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D000078792:Midkine; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium
D000497:Alloys; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase