Dermal permeation of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, a model water-miscible compound: effects of concentration, thermodynamic activity and skin hydration.
The goal of these studies was to measure and interpret the skin permeability characteristics of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) as a model compound that is completely miscible with water.


METHODS
In vitro permeation from HPA-H2O binary mixtures through human epidermis and silicone membranes was measured. Thermodynamic activities of HPA and H2O in these mixtures were determined. Permeation was also measured through epidermis and silicone from donor solutions with constant HPA activity but different H2O activities. Water uptake into desiccated human stratum corneum (SC) equilibrated with HPA-H2O mixtures was determined.


RESULTS
Steady-state flux of HPA through silicone was a linear function of HPA activity but not HPA concentration. For epidermis on the other hand, flux increased with HPA activity only for HPA activities ≤ 0.35. At constant HPA activity, flux decreased 4.5-fold as water activity decreased from 1 to 0.8. Incubation of SC with HPA-H2O mixtures resulted in substantial changes in SC water content, dependent on the water activity of the mixture and consistent with measured SC water sorption data.


CONCLUSIONS
These experiments provide unequivocal evidence of a substantial increase in epidermal barrier function resulting from SC dehydration. Dehydration-related alterations in the SC appear responsible for the observed flux characteristics.
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Ocupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Electronic address: HFrasch@cdc.gov.
H Frederick
HF
Frasch
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Ocupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
Ana M
AM
Barbero
Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
G Scott
GS
Dotson
Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
Annette L
AL
Bunge
D000179:Acrylates / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D003890:Desiccation; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D010539:Permeability; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
C000591361:2-hydroxypropyl acrylate; D000179:Acrylates; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D014867:Water
2-Hydroxypropyl acrylate (propylene glycol monoacrylate) (PubChem CID: 61249); Acrylic monomers; Lag time; Skin absorption; Skin hydration; Stratum corneum; Thermodynamic activity