DSM-5 PTSD's symptom dimensions and relations with major depression's symptom dimensions in a primary care sample.
Existing literature indicates significant comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression. We examined whether PTSD's dysphoria and mood/cognitions factors, conceptualized by the empirically supported four-factor DSM-5 PTSD models, account for PTSD's inherent relationship with depression. We hypothesized that depression's somatic and non-somatic factors would be more related to PTSD's dysphoria and mood/cognitions factors than other PTSD model factors. Further, we hypothesized that PTSD's arousal would significantly mediate relations between PTSD's dysphoria and somatic/non-somatic depression. Using 181 trauma-exposed primary care patients, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) indicated a well-fitting DSM-5 PTSD dysphoria model, DSM-5 numbing model and two-factor depression model. Both somatic and non-somatic depression factors were more related to PTSD's dysphoria and mood/cognitions factors than to re-experiencing and avoidance factors; non-somatic depression was more related to PTSD's dysphoria than PTSD's arousal factor. PTSD's arousal did not mediate the relationship between PTSD's dysphoria and somatic/non-somatic depression. Implications are discussed.
Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Ateka A
AA
Contractor
Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Tory A
TA
Durham
St. Luke's Family Medicine Center, St. Luke's Hospital, Maumee, OH, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Julie A
JA
Brennan
School of Psychology, University of Ulster at Coleraine Campus, Northern Ireland, UK; The National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Cherie
C
Armour
Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Hanna R
HR
Wutrick
Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, HI, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA.
B Christopher
BC
Frueh
Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA. Electronic address: jonelhai@gmail.com.
Jon D
JD
Elhai
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001143:Arousal; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
Confirmatory factor analyses; DSM-5; Depression; Mediation; PTSD; Primary care sample; Structural equation modeling