Potential effects of medicinal plants and secondary metabolites on acute lung injury.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALI is characterized by increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, edema, uncontrolled neutrophils migration to the lung, and diffuse alveolar damage, leading to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Although corticosteroids remain the mainstay of ALI treatment, they cause significant side effects. Agents of natural origin, such as medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites, mainly those with very few side effects, could be excellent alternatives for ALI treatment. Several studies, including our own, have demonstrated that plant extracts and/or secondary metabolites isolated from them reduce most ALI phenotypes in experimental animal models, including neutrophil recruitment to the lung, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, edema, and vascular permeability. In this review, we summarized these studies and described the anti-inflammatory activity of various plant extracts, such as Ginkgo biloba and Punica granatum, and such secondary metabolites as epigallocatechin-3-gallate and ellagic acid. In addition, we highlight the medical potential of these extracts and plant-derived compounds for treating of ALI.
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de ImunoFarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua Manoel Carlos 162, 38025-380 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
Daniely Cornélio
DC
Favarin
Jhony Robison
JR
de Oliveira
Carlo Jose Freire
CJ
de Oliveira
Alexandre de Paula
Ade P
Rogerio
D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D064210:Secondary Metabolism
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate