Effect of obesity intervention programs on adipokines, insulin resistance, lipid profile, and low-grade inflammation in 3- to 5-y-old children.
BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity can cause the development of cardiovascular risk factors. We assessed the effect of a multidisciplinary intervention program on cardiovascular risk factors and compared this effect with a usual-care program in 3- to 5-y-old overweight or obese children.


METHODS
Seventy-five children were randomly assigned to a multidisciplinary intervention or a usual-care program. Anthropometry, body composition, and abdominal adipose tissue were assessed at the start and end of a 16-wk program. Concurrently, fasting concentrations of serum lipids, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, leptin, adiponectin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined.


RESULTS
In both groups, insulin sensitivity improved, demonstrated by decreased insulin concentrations and a decreased HOMA2-IR. In the multidisciplinary intervention group, there was also a decrease of HbA1c and TNF-α. In the usual-care group, an increase in glucose concentrations was found. Comparing both groups, changes over time were not different, besides trends in the decrease in total cholesterol and TNF-α, in favor of the multidisciplinary intervention group. Combining the results of both groups, a correlation was found between the decrease in body fat percentage (BF%), and both HOMA2-IR and triglyceride (TG) concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
In 3- to 5-y-old children, both obesity intervention programs improved insulin sensitivity, in parallel with a reduced BF%.
Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Gianni
G
Bocca
Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Eva
E
Corpeleijn
Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ronald P
RP
Stolk
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bruce H
BH
Wolffenbuttel
Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Pieter J
PJ
Sauer
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050177:Overweight; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D054392:Adipokines; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D005947:Glucose