K-Ras, intestinal homeostasis and colon cancer.
Activating Ras mutations, present in about 20% of human cancers, compromise the GTPase activity of Ras and therefore trigger accumulation of Ras in the GTP-bound state. Among the three family members, K-Ras, H-Ras and N-Ras, K-Ras is the most frequently mutated gene, with 30-50% of colon cancer patients harboring activating K-Ras mutations. Oncogenic mutations of K-Ras have been found at codons 12, 13, 61 and 146. Activation of Ras triggers constitutive activation of signaling pathways, including the MAPK and AKT pathways, which allows tumor cells to proliferate in the absence of growth factors and increases their survival. In addition, activated Ras triggers inflammation and thus promotes tumor progression in a cell non-autonomous manner. The presence of K-Ras mutations not only has prognostic value, but it also predicts the responsiveness of colon cancer patients to inhibitors of EGFR signaling.
Sanjay
S
Goel
Jie
J
Huang
Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Avenue, Birmingham, AL, UK. Klampfer@southernresearch.org.
Lidija
L
Klampfer
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors