Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases.
Inflammation is associated with the development of diseases characterized by altered nutrient metabolism. Although an acute inflammatory response is host-protective and normally self-limited, chronic low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic diseases is sustained and detrimental. The resolution of inflammation involves the termination of neutrophil recruitment, counterregulation of proinflammatory mediators, stimulation of macrophage-mediated clearance, and tissue remodeling. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs)-resolvins, protectins, and maresins-are novel autacoids that resolve inflammation, protect organs, and stimulate tissue regeneration. Here, we review evidence that the failure of resolution programs contributes to metabolic diseases and that SPMs may play pivotal roles in their resolution.
Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Matthew
M
Spite
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Esther Koplowitz Biomedical Research Center, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
Joan
J
Clària
Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: cnserhan@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu.
Charles N
CN
Serhan
D000818:Animals; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated