Assessment of tissue distribution and concentration of β-cryptoxanthin in response to varying amounts of dietary β-cryptoxanthin in the Mongolian gerbil.
There is a general lack of knowledge regarding the absorption and tissue storage of the provitamin A carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin. The present study investigated the whole-body tissue distribution of β-cryptoxanthin in an appropriate small animal model, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), for human provitamin A carotenoid metabolism. After 5 d of carotenoid depletion, five gerbils were euthanised for baseline measurements. The remaining gerbils were placed in three weight-matched treatment groups (n 8). All the groups received 20 μg/d of β-cryptoxanthin from tangerine concentrate, while the second and third groups received an additional 20 and 40 μg/d of pure β-cryptoxanthin (CX40 and CX60), respectively, for 21 d. During the last 2 d of the study, urine and faecal samples of two gerbils from each treatment group were collected. β-Cryptoxanthin was detected in the whole blood, and in twelve of the fourteen tissues analysed. Most tissues resembled the liver, in which the concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin were significantly higher in the CX60 (17·8 (sem 0·7) μg/organ; P= 0·004) and CX40 (16·2 (sem 0·9) μg/organ; P= 0·006) groups than in the CX20 group (13·3 (sem 0·4) μg/organ). However, in intestinal tissues, the concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin increased only in the CX60 group. Despite elevated vitamin A concentrations in tissues at baseline due to pre-study diets containing high levels of vitamin A, β-cryptoxanthin maintained those vitamin A stores. These results indicate that β-cryptoxanthin is stored in many tissues, potentially suggesting that its functions are widespread.
Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS-PWA, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Michael R
MR
La Frano
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Chenghao
C
Zhu
Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS-PWA, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Betty J
BJ
Burri
D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D002957:Citrus; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005849:Gerbillinae / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D023421:Models, Animal; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D024341:Xanthophylls; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids