Rounding frequency and hospital length of stay for children with respiratory illnesses: a simulation study.
BACKGROUND
Patient discharge from the hospital is linked to physician-led rounds, whereas discharge from the emergency department (ED) is more fluid. The relationship between rounding and length of stay (LOS) has not been quantitatively described.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the arrival and discharge patterns in the ED and inpatient settings for children with respiratory illnesses and to explore how the timing and frequency of rounding could impact LOS.


METHODS
Retrospective administrative data analyses of visits for respiratory illnesses to a tertiary care pediatric ED from May 2007 to April 2010.


METHODS
ED visits for common respiratory conditions were selected based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes, excluding complex comorbid conditions, severe illness, and intensive care unit admission. Discharge time was plotted against arrival time for the ED and inpatient unit. LOS was calculated. A Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to explore the influence of additional rounds on inpatient LOS.


RESULTS
Of the 5503 included visits, 1285 (23.4%) resulted in inpatient care. Discharges from the ED typically occurred 2 to 5 hours after arrival, whereas most inpatient discharges occurred between 11 am and 6 pm regardless of admission time. Simulating 1 additional rounding session decreased predicted inpatient LOS by approximately 5 hours.


CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to ED discharges that occurred around the clock, inpatient discharges for children with respiratory illnesses were concentrated during afternoon hours. Increasing rounding frequency may improve hospital efficiency but could result in unintended consequences such as fewer opportunities for patient education.
Industrial and Operations Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Health Management and Policy Department, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Joseph
J
East
Allison
A
Cator
Emily
E
Burns
Tara Lynn
TL
O'Gara
Jason
J
Card
Amy
A
Cohn
Michelle
M
Macy
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods*