Profile of infective endocarditis observed from 2003 - 2010 in a single center in Italy.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to provide a contemporary picture of the epidemiologic, clinical, microbiologic characteristics and in-hospital outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) observed in a single center in Italy.


METHODS
We performed a retrospective study of patients with definite or probable IE observed at the "L. Sacco" Hospital in Milan, Italy, from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2010.


RESULTS
189 episodes of IE in 166 patients were included. The mean number of incident IE in the study period was of 1.27 (range 0.59-1.76) cases per 1000 patients admitted. The median age of the cohort was 57 (interquartile range, 43-72) years, 63% were male and 62.5% had native valve IE. Twenty-six percent were active intravenous drug users (IVDU), 29% had a health care-associated IE and 5% chronic rheumatic disease. Twenty-nine percent of the cases occurred in patients affected by chronic liver disease and 19% in HIV positive subjects. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (30%), followed by streptococci. The mitral (34%) and aortic (31%) valves were involved most frequently. The following complications were common: stroke (19%), non-stroke embolizations (25%), heart failure (26%) and intracardiac abscess (9%). Surgical treatment was frequently employed (52%) but in hospital mortality remained high (17%). Health care-associated IE and complications were independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death, while surgery was associated with decreased mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
S. aureus emerged as the leading causative organism of IE in a University hospital in northern Italy. Our study confirmed the high in-hospital mortality of IE, particularly if health care associated, and the protective role of surgery.
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, "Luigi Sacco" Hospital, via G, B, Grassi, 74, 20157 Milano, Italy. laurenzia.ferraris@unimi.it.
Laurenzia
L
Ferraris
Laura
L
Milazzo
Davide
D
Ricaboni
Cristina
C
Mazzali
Giovanna
G
Orlando
Giuliano
G
Rizzardini
Marco
M
Cicardi
Ferdinando
F
Raimondi
Loredana
L
Tocalli
Alessandro
A
Cialfi
Paolo
P
Vanelli
Massimo
M
Galli
Carlo
C
Antona
Spinello
S
Antinori
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000382:microbiology