Anemia and iron deficiency in heart failure.
Heart failure is a common problem and a major cause of mortality, morbidity and impaired quality of life. Anemia is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure and further worsens prognosis and disability. Regardless of anemia status, iron deficiency is a common and usually unidentified problem in patients with heart failure. This article reviews the mechanisms, impact on outcomes and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency in patients with heart failure.
Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal. Electronic address: victorgilmd@gmail.com.
Victor M
VM
Gil
Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Cruz - CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal.
Jorge S
JS
Ferreira
D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D019189:Iron Metabolism Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy
Anemia; Deficiência de ferro; Heart failure; Insuficiência cardíaca; Iron deficiency; Iron therapy; Terapêutica com ferro