How the kidney is impacted by the perinatal maternal environment to develop hypertension.
Environmental conditions during perinatal development such as maternal undernutrition, maternal glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload can program changes in renal Na(+) excretion leading to hypertension. Experimental studies indicate that fetal exposure to an adverse maternal environment may reduce glomerular filtration rate by decreasing the surface area of the glomerular capillaries. Moreover, fetal responses to environmental insults during early life that contribute to the development of hypertension may include increased expression of tubular apical or basolateral membrane Na(+) transporters and increased production of renal superoxide leading to enhanced Na(+) reabsorption. This review will address the role of these potential renal mechanisms in the fetal programming of hypertension in experimental models induced by maternal undernutrition, fetal exposure to glucocorticoids, placental insufficiency, and maternal sodium overload in the rat.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Ana D
AD
Paixão
Barbara T
BT
Alexander
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000196:embryology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010927:Placental Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
developmental origins of health and disease; hypertension; intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); kidney; oxidative stress