Optimization of struvite fertilizer formation from baker's yeast wastewater: growth and nutrition of maize and tomato plants.
Struvite precipitate obtained from yeast industry anaerobic effluent with high ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) was investigated for fertilizer effect on plant growth and nutrition according to applications of N, nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (NPK), and control. Optimum struvite formation conditions were determined via Box-Behnken design. Optimum condition was obtained at pH 9.0 and Mg/N/P molar ratio of 1.5:1:1. Under these conditions, heavy metal concentrations in the obtained struvite precipitate (except Cu) were below the detection limits. In addition to high N, P, and Mg content, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that the struvite also included the nutritional elements Ca, K, Na, and Fe. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the complex structures of NaAl(SO4)2(H2O)12, NaMn(2+)Fe2(PO4)3, and (Na2,Ca)O2(Fe,Mn)O.P2O5 in the precipitate. High Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations in the anaerobic effluent reacted with phosphate during struvite precipitation. Different applications and struvite dosages significantly affected fresh and dry weights and nutrient element uptakes by plants (P < 0.05). N, P, and Mg uptakes of plants were significantly higher at struvite ×2, ×3, and ×4 dosages compared with NPK application. For adequate nutrition and supply of optimum dry weight, struvite ×2 dosage (5.71 g struvite/kg soil) was found appropriate for both maize and tomato plants.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey, aylauysal@sdu.edu.tr.
Ayla
A
Uysal
Sinan
S
Demir
Emine
E
Sayilgan
Figen
F
Eraslan
Zeliha
Z
Kucukyumuk
D005308:Fertilizers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D000069877:Struvite; D062065:Wastewater; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
D005308:Fertilizers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008670:Metals; D009584:Nitrogen; D010710:Phosphates; D010758:Phosphorus; D000069877:Struvite; D062065:Wastewater