Objectively measured sleep duration and hyperglycemia in pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
Our primary purpose was to assess the impact of objectively measured nighttime sleep duration on gestational glucose tolerance. We additionally examined associations of objectively measured daytime sleep duration and nap frequency on maternal glycemic control.


METHODS
Sixty-three urban, low-income, pregnant women wore wrist actigraphs for an average of 6 full days in mid-pregnancy prior to screening for hyperglycemia using the 1-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Correlations of nighttime and daytime sleep durations with 1-h OGTT values were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate independent associations between sleep parameters and hyperglycemia, defined as 1-h OGTT values ≥130 mg/dL.


RESULTS
Mean nighttime sleep duration was 6.9±0.9 h which was inversely correlated with 1-h OGTT values (r=-0.28, P=.03). Shorter nighttime sleep was associated with hyperglycemia, even after controlling for age and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.2 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.1-0.8]). There were no associations of daytime sleep duration and nap frequency with 1-h OGTT values or hyperglycemia.


CONCLUSIONS
Using objective measures of maternal sleep time, we found that women with shorter nighttime sleep durations had an increased risk for gestational hyperglycemia. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our negative daytime sleep findings.
Center for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address: Sharon.Herring@temple.edu.
Sharon J
SJ
Herring
Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Deborah B
DB
Nelson
Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Grace W
GW
Pien
Center for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Carol
C
Homko
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Laura M
LM
Goetzl
Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Adam
A
Davey
Center for Obesity Research and Education, Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Gary D
GD
Foster
D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
Actigraphy; Daytime sleep duration; Gestational diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Nap frequency; Nighttime sleep duration; Pregnancy