Chromium supplementation for menstrual cycle-related mood symptoms.
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) afflicts ~7% of reproductive-age women resulting in impaired relationships, diminished overall quality of life, and disability-adjusted life years lost on par with other major psychiatric disorders. Response to pharmacological treatment is inadequate in ~50% of women with PMDD.


OBJECTIVE
The goal of the present study is to evaluate the effects of a novel approach-short-term chromium supplementation-on menstrual cycle-related mood and physical symptoms.


METHODS
Five women were studied under single-blind conditions in a private clinical setting (2 of them were referred specifically for treatment-resistant menstrual-related symptoms); 6 women completed a double-blind crossover study of chromium plus placebo versus chromium plus sertraline in a university clinical research setting. Treatments were administered from mid-cycle to onset of menses in 1-month intervals. Symptom ratings were obtained by self-report, using daily symptom checklists, and by clinical assessment, using the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale.


RESULTS
Overall, chromium treatment was associated with reduced mood symptoms and improved overall health satisfaction in most participants. In some cases, chromium alone was associated with marked clinical improvement; in others, chromium plus an antidepressant resulted in greater improvement than either chromium alone or an antidepressant alone.


CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary observations suggest that chromium may be a useful monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for women suffering from significant menstrual cycle-related symptoms. Larger, controlled studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of chromium treatment in this patient population.
1Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Kimberly A
KA
Brownley
Susan S
SS
Girdler
Anna L
AL
Stout
Malcolm N
MN
McLeod
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002857:Chromium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D020280:Sertraline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014131:Trace Elements; D002857:Chromium; D020280:Sertraline