Executive functions in cocaine-dependent patients with Cluster B and Cluster C personality disorders.
OBJECTIVE
Cocaine dependence often co-occurs with personality disorders from Clusters B and C, which are inherently associated with some of the executive dysfunctions found in addiction. We address the question of whether the comorbidity between cocaine dependence and different types of personality disorders is associated with differential profiles of executive deficits compatible with their personality dysfunction. We predicted that the comorbidity with Cluster B disorders would be associated with inhibition and shifting deficits, whereas the comorbidity with Cluster C disorders would be associated with working memory deficits.


METHODS
We tested 107 participants (22 cocaine users with Cluster B disorders, 15 cocaine users with Cluster C disorders, 36 cocaine users without comorbidities, and 34 controls) using tests of working memory, attention, inhibition, and shifting. Groups were statistically matched on IQ and had no Axis I comorbidities (other than substance-related). Based on the performance of the control group, we obtained z-score composite measures of working memory, attention/inhibition, shifting, and global executive impairment. We tested group differences in these composite measures using univariate analyses of variance and Sidak tests corrected for multiple comparisons.


RESULTS
Cocaine users with Cluster B disorders had poorer attention/inhibition, whereas cocaine users with comorbid Cluster C disorders had poorer working memory. Cluster B and noncomorbid cocaine users (but not Cluster C users) differed from controls on the global executive impairment measure.


CONCLUSIONS
The comorbidity between cocaine dependence and personality disorders from Clusters B and C is associated with executive function deficits that are compatible with their respective personality dysfunctions.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Universidad de Granada.
Natalia
N
Albein-Urios
Centro Provincial de Drogodependencias, Diputacion de Granada.
Jose M
JM
Martinez-Gonzalez
Departament of Psychology, Universidad de Huelva.
Oscar
O
Lozano-Rojas
Department of Clinical Psychology, Universidad de Granada.
Antonio
A
Verdejo-Garcia
D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology*