High dose bystander effects in spatially fractionated radiation therapy.
Traditional radiotherapy of bulky tumors has certain limitations. Spatially fractionated radiation therapy (GRID) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) are examples of advanced modulated beam therapies that help in significant reductions in normal tissue damage. GRID refers to the delivery of a single high dose of radiation to a large treatment area that is divided into several smaller fields, while IMRT allows improved dose conformity to the tumor target compared to conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. In this review, we consider spatially fractionated radiotherapy approaches focusing on GRID and IMRT, and present complementary evidence from different studies which support the role of radiation induced signaling effects in the overall radiobiological rationale for these treatments.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
Rajalakshmi
R
Asur
Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
Karl T
KT
Butterworth
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
Jose A
JA
Penagaricano
Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
Kevin M
KM
Prise
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States. Electronic address: rjgriffin@uams.edu.
Robert J
RJ
Griffin
D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
Bystander effects; GRID; IMRT; Spatially fractionated radiation therapy