Adsorption of selected endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals on activated biochars.
Chemically activated biochar produced under oxygenated (O-biochar) and oxygen-free (N-biochar) conditions were characterized and the adsorption of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs): bisphenol A (BPA), atrazine (ATR), 17 α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs); sulfamethoxazole (SMX), carbamazepine (CBM), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP) on both biochars and commercialized powdered activated carbon (PAC) were investigated. Characteristic analysis of adsorbents by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was conducted to determine better understanding about the EDCs/PhACs adsorption. N-biochar consisted of higher polarity moieties with more alkyl (0-45 ppm), methoxyl (45-63 ppm), O-alkyl (63-108 ppm), and carboxyl carbon (165-187 ppm) content than other adsorbents, while aromaticity of O-biochar was higher than that of N-biochar. O-biochar was composed mostly of aromatic moieties, with low H/C and O/C ratios compared to the highly polarized N-biochar that contained diverse polar functional groups. The higher surface area and pore volume of N-biochar resulted in higher adsorption capacity toward EDCs/PhACs along with atomic-level molecular structural property than O-biochar and PAC. N-biochar had a highest adsorption capacity of all chemicals, suggesting that N-biochar derived from loblolly pine chip is a promising sorbent for agricultural and environmental applications. The adsorption of pH-sensitive dissociable SMX, DCF, IBP, and BPA varied and the order of adsorption capacity was correlated with the hydrophobicity (Kow) of adsorbates throughout the all adsorbents, whereas adsorption of non-ionizable CBM, ATR, and EE2 in varied pH allowed adsorbents to interact with hydrophobic property of adsorbates steadily throughout the study.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Chanil
C
Jung
Junyeong
J
Park
Kwang Hun
KH
Lim
Sunkyu
S
Park
Jiyong
J
Heo
Namguk
N
Her
Jeill
J
Oh
Soyoung
S
Yun
Yeomin
Y
Yoon
D000327:Adsorption; D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000032:analysis; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D005740:Gases; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000032:analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001280:Atrazine; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002220:Carbamazepine; D002244:Carbon; D002606:Charcoal; D004008:Diclofenac; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D005740:Gases; D007052:Ibuprofen; D010100:Oxygen; D010636:Phenols; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C540010:biochar; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
17α-ethinylestradiol; ATR; Adsorption mechanism; BET; BPA; Biochar; Bisphenol A; Brunauer–Emmett–Teller; CBM; DCF; DP/MAS; EDCs; EE2; Endocrine disrupting compounds; HCl; IBP; NMR; NOMs; NaOH; Nuclear magnetic resonance; PAC; PhACs; Pharmaceuticals; SMX; atrazine; carbamazepine; diclofenac; direct polarization/magic angle spinning; endocrine disrupting compounds; hydrochloric acid; ibuprofen; natural organic matters; nuclear magnetic resonance; pharmaceutically active compounds; powdered activated carbon; sodium hydroxide; sulfamethoxazole