Uncertainty in end-of-life care.
OBJECTIVE
Uncertainty surrounding medical decision-making is particularly important during end-of-life decision-making. Doubts about the patient's best interests and prognostic accuracy may lead to conflict.


RESULTS
Many authors have suggested recently that medical attitudes to uncertainty need review. It is inappropriate to avoid discussion of uncertainty during end-of-life care and American literature suggests that patients and families accept uncertainty in end-of-life discussions. Recently, authors have advocated the concept of 'Practical Certainty' accepting that absolute certainty is rarely possible in end-of-life decision-making and openly acknowledging that the physicians are as certain as they can be in the circumstances. Allowing time to provide acceptance of a palliative care pathway and using the collective wisdom of colleagues improves the accuracy of prediction and reduces conflict at the end of life.


CONCLUSIONS
The implications of this review are that doctors should not avoid discussing uncertainty in end-of-life conversations and the article provides some recommendations for minimizing conflict arising from end-of-life discussion.
aGlan Clwyd Hospital, Denbighshire, UK bRoyal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
Saxon
S
Ridley
Malcolm
M
Fisher
D032722:Advance Care Planning; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003657:Decision Making; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000941:ethics*; D008020:Life Support Care; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011379:Prognosis; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology; D035501:Uncertainty