Salivary adiponectin levels are associated with training intensity but not with bone mass or reproductive function in elite Rhythmic Gymnasts.
Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts (RGs) constitute a unique metabolic model and they are prone to developing Anorexia Athletica. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of training intensity on salivary adiponectin levels and assess a possible role of salivary adiponectin levels as a predictive factor of reproductive dysfunction and bone mass acquisition in elite RGs. The study included 80 elite female RGs participating in the World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championship tournament held in Montpellier, France on September 2011. Anthropometric values were assessed, training data and menstrual pattern were recorded, bone mass was measured with Broadband ultrasound attenuation (dB/Mhz) and baseline salivary adiponectin levels were determined. The athletes were classified as intensely and very intensely trained, considering the mean training intensity (40.84h/week). Moreover, considering their reproductive status, they were divided into RG's with normal menstruation, primary amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea. All comparisons were adjusted to age, BMI and body fat percentage differences. Very intensely trained RGs showed higher salivary adiponectin levels (p=0.05). Moreover, salivary adiponectin levels showed significant correlation with training intensity (r=0.409, p=0.003). On the other hand, no association of salivary adiponectin levels was documented with either reproductive function or bone mass acquisition. The results of the present study suggest that, in elite RGs, salivary adiponectin levels are associated with the intensity of training, possibly reflecting the deterioration of energy balance rather than the training stress. On the other hand, a predictive role of salivary adiponectin levels in reproductive dysfunction or bone mass acquisition could not be supported.
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece.
Nikolaos D
ND
Roupas
Département d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier et UMI, Montpellier, France; Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, France; Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, INSERM U1046, Montpellier, France.
Laurent
L
Maïmoun
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece.
Irene
I
Mamali
Département d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier et UMI, Montpellier, France; Direction Régionale de la Jeunesse, des Sports et de la Cohésion Sociale, Montpellier, France.
Olivier
O
Coste
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece.
Alexandra
A
Tsouka
Diagnostic Medical Systems (DMS)-Apelem Mauguio, France.
Krishna Kunal
KK
Mahadea
Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Département d'Information Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1001, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
Thibault
T
Mura
Département d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier et UMI, Montpellier, France.
Pascal
P
Philibert
Département d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier et UMI, Montpellier, France; Direction Régionale de la Jeunesse, des Sports et de la Cohésion Sociale, Montpellier, France; Unité d'Endocrinologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital A. de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier et UMI, Montpellier, France.
Laura
L
Gaspari
Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, France.
Denis
D
Mariano-Goulart
Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) Medical Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Michel
M
Leglise
Département d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier et UMI, Montpellier, France; Unité d'Endocrinologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital A. de Villeneuve, CHRU Montpellier et UMI, Montpellier, France.
Charles
C
Sultan
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece; Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) Medical Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: neoklisg@hol.gr.
Neoklis A
NA
Georgopoulos
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000378:metabolism*; D000855:Anorexia / Q000378:metabolism*; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance; D015519:Bone Density; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D055815:Young Adult
D052242:Adiponectin
AA; AN; Adiponectin; Bone mass; EDNOS; EDs; Gymnasts; IR; Intense training; Menstrual function; RGs; Rhythmic Gymnasts; Saliva; anorexia athletica; anorexia nervosa; eating disorders; eating disorders not otherwise specified; insulin resistance