Winter is associated with failure in the alarm treatment of nocturnal enuresis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether the winter season in Japan is associated with failure in the alarm treatment of nocturnal enuresis (NE).


METHODS
Consecutive patients with NE referred to our center between June 2009 and May 2010 were treated with the enuresis alarm (EA). The EA was used for 16 weeks with each child. Patients were divided into a success group and a treatment failure group. Pretreatment variables were collected, including age, sex, night-time urine volume, severity of enuresis, presence of nocturnal polyuria, presence of daytime incontinence, and treatment initiation season. These variables and initial success rates were retrospectively compared between the two groups. Chi-square, Student t tests, and multivariate regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.


RESULTS
A total of 67 children with NE were evaluated, 37 (55%) in the success group and 30 (45%) in the failure group. None of the pretreatment variables differed significantly between groups except for season; winter season initiation was an independent risk factor for failure in multivariate regression analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
Winter was associated with failure in the EA treatment. We recommend that EA be introduced in the summer season in Japan to achieve an optimal success rate.
Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Department of Urology, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan. Electronic address: yshiroyanagi@kcmc.jp.
Yoshiyuki
Y
Shiroyanagi
Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Department of Urology, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan.
Woojin
W
Kim
Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Department of Urology, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan.
Hiroko
H
Suzuki
Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Department of Urology, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan.
Yuichiro
Y
Yamazaki
D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D009622:Noise; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017010:Reminder Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017211:Treatment Failure
Alarm treatment; Children; Multivariate analysis; Nocturnal enuresis; Pretreatment variable; Seasons