Solid waste bin detection and classification using Dynamic Time Warping and MLP classifier.
The increasing requirement for Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a significant challenge for municipal authorities. A number of integrated systems and methods have introduced to overcome this challenge. Many researchers have aimed to develop an ideal SWM system, including approaches involving software-based routing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Radio-frequency Identification (RFID), or sensor intelligent bins. Image processing solutions for the Solid Waste (SW) collection have also been developed; however, during capturing the bin image, it is challenging to position the camera for getting a bin area centralized image. As yet, there is no ideal system which can correctly estimate the amount of SW. This paper briefly discusses an efficient image processing solution to overcome these problems. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) was used for detecting and cropping the bin area and Gabor wavelet (GW) was introduced for feature extraction of the waste bin image. Image features were used to train the classifier. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier was used to classify the waste bin level and estimate the amount of waste inside the bin. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves was used to statistically evaluate classifier performance. The results of this developed system are comparable to previous image processing based system. The system demonstration using DTW with GW for feature extraction and an MLP classifier led to promising results with respect to the accuracy of waste level estimation (98.50%). The application can be used to optimize the routing of waste collection based on the estimated bin level.
Dept. of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangore, Malaysia. Electronic address: shafique@eng.ukm.my.
Md Shafiqul
MS
Islam
Dept. of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangore, Malaysia. Electronic address: hannan@eng.ukm.my.
M A
MA
Hannan
Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangore, Malaysia.
Hassan
H
Basri
Dept. of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangore, Malaysia.
Aini
A
Hussain
Dept. of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangore, Malaysia.
Maher
M
Arebey
D000465:Algorithms; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008296:Malaysia; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
Bin level classification; DTW; Gabor wavelet; MLP; Solid waste bin detection