Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and clinical relevance.
Cirrhosis is known to cause alterations in the systemic haemodynamic system. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy designates a cardiac dysfunction that includes impaired cardiac contractility with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as well as electromechanical abnormalities in the absence of other known causes of cardiac disease. This condition is primarily revealed by inducing physical or pharmacological stress, but echocardiography is excellent at revealing diastolic dysfunction and might also be used to detect systolic dysfunction at rest. Furthermore, measurement of circulating levels of cardiac biomarkers could improve the diagnostic assessm+ent. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy contributes to various complications in cirrhosis, especially as an important factor in the development of hepatic nephropathy. Additionally, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy seems to be associated with the development of heart failure in relation to invasive procedures such as shunt insertion and liver transplantation. Current pharmacological treatment is nonspecific and directed towards left ventricular failure, and liver transplantation is currently the only proven treatment with specific effect on cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
Centre for Functional Imaging and Research, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
Signe
S
Wiese
Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
Jens D
JD
Hove
Gastroenterology Unit, Medical Division, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
Flemming
F
Bendtsen
Centre for Functional Imaging and Research, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
Søren
S
Møller
D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis