Neuropsychological outcomes in OEF/OIF veterans with self-report of blast exposure: associations with mental health, but not MTBI.
OBJECTIVE
To examine neuropsychological outcomes in veterans of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) with self-reported histories of blast exposure and determine the contribution of deployment-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression to performance. The effect of number of blast exposures and distance from the blast was also assessed.


METHODS
OEF/OIF veterans who reported exposure to blast underwent structured interviews and were assigned to no-TBI (n = 39), mTBI without loss of consciousness (LOC; n = 53), or mTBI with LOC (n = 35) groups. They were administered tests of executive function, memory, and motor function at least 6 months after the index event.


RESULTS
Neuropsychological outcomes did not differ as a function of mTBI group. Blast load and distance from the blast also did not affect neuropsychological performance. Both PTSD and depression symptoms were significantly associated with neuropsychological outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
A history of mTBI with or without LOC during deployment does not contribute to objective cognitive impairment in the chronic phase post injury. In contrast, PTSD and depression symptoms are associated with cognitive performance decrements. This finding is thought to reflect at least in part the impact of psychiatric distress on neuropsychological performance.
Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System.
Mieke
M
Verfaellie
Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System.
Ginette
G
Lafleche
Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center.
Avron
A
Spiro
Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System.
Kathryn
K
Bousquet
D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D057566:Self Report; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult