Smoking is an independent risk factor for the development of oral candidiasis (OC) in HIV-1 infected persons.
Professor, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus, Suite S612, San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA, Tel.: +1 415 476 5976. Electronic address: caroline.shiboski@uscf.edu.
Caroline H
CH
Shiboski
Stephen C
SC
Shiboski
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000209:etiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*