Gadolinium oxysulfide nanoparticles as multimodal imaging agents for T2-weighted MR, X-ray tomography and photoluminescence.
We have synthesized gadolinium oxysulfide nanoparticles (NPs) doped with other lanthanides (Eu(3+), Er(3+), Yb(3+)) via a hydroxycarbonate precursor precipitation route followed by a sulfuration process under a H2S-Ar atmosphere at 750 °C in order to propose new multimodal nanoplatforms for Magnetic Resonance (MR), X-ray and photoluminescence imaging. Gd2O2S:Eu(3+) NPs strongly absorb near UV (≈ 300-400 nm) and re-emit strong red light (624 nm). They can be easily internalized by cancer cells, and imaged by epifluorescence microscopy under excitation in the NUV (365 nm). They are not cytotoxic for living cells up to 100 μg mL(-1). Consequently, they are well adapted for in vitro imaging on cell cultures. Gd2O2S:Eu(3+) NPs also show strong transverse relaxivity and strong X-ray absorption allowing their use as contrast agents for T2-weighted MRI and X-ray tomography. Our study shows that Gd2O2S:Eu(3+) NPs are considerably better than commercial Ferumoxtran-10 NPs as negative contrast agents for MRI. Upconversion emission of Gd2O2S:Er; Yb (1; 8%) NPs under infrared excitation (λ(ex) = 980 nm) shows mainly red emission (≈ 650-680 nm). Consequently, they are more specifically designed for in vivo deep fluorescence imaging, because both excitation and emission are located inside the "transparency window" of biological tissues (650-1200 nm). Magnetic relaxivity and X-ray absorption behaviors of Gd2O2S:Er; Yb NPs are almost similar to Gd2O2S:Eu(3+) NPs.
Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, Université de Toulouse - UPS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France. Robert.Mauricot@cemes.fr.
Sèmiyou A
SA
Osseni
Sévérine
S
Lechevallier
Marc
M
Verelst
Pascal
P
Perriat
Jeannette
J
Dexpert-Ghys
David
D
Neumeyer
Robin
R
Garcia
Florian
F
Mayer
Kristina
K
Djanashvili
Joop A
JA
Peters
Eddy
E
Magdeleine
Hélène
H
Gros-Dagnac
Pierre
P
Celsis
Robert
R
Mauricot
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008280:Magnetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray
D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; C021197:gadolinium sulfoxylate; D005063:Europium; D005682:Gadolinium