[Pupillary diameter in every day situations].
OBJECTIVE
For the construction of true accommodating intraocular lenses and for refractive surgery a knowledge about pupil diameter in daily life is important. Sufficient data are available only in darkness.


METHODS
206 volunteers aged between 18 and 72 years without disorders influencing the pupil have been examined by means of pupillography at two luminance conditions (3 and 30 cd/m2) and 3 fixation distances (5 m, 1 m, 0.33 m).


RESULTS
Pupil size decreases by 0.42 mm per decade with the darker condition and 0.25 mm per decade with brighter light. Fixation change from 5 to 1 m has hardly any influence on pupil size, changing to 0.33 m constricts the pupil by 0.43 mm at dark condition and 0.33 mm at the lighter condition.


CONCLUSIONS
Luminance has the strongest influence on pupil size, near fixation has hardly any influence down to 1 m. The well-known age relation of pupil size in darkness is also valid for mesopic and photopic conditions. At 3 cd/m2 it was the same as reported in darkness, at 30 cd/m2 it was less in absolute numbers, but relative as compared to young adults it was approximately the same.
Department für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen.
C
C
Heine
F
F
Yazdani
H
H
Wilhelm
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007498:Iris / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011680:Pupil; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult