Pharmacokinetics and efficiency of brain targeting of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 given as Nao-Qing microemulsion.
Nao-Qing solution has been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to improve the pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of Nao-Qing, administered as an oil-in-water microemulsion. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given Nao-Qing microemulsion by intranasal or intragastric routes. Samples of blood, brain, heart, liver, lung and kidney were collected at pre-determined time intervals, and the contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 (active ingredients of the Nao-Qing microemulsion) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that contents of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 in Nao-Qing microemulsion was 8475.13 ± 54.61 μg/ml and 6633.42 ± 527.27 μg/ml, respectively, and that the particle size, pH and viscosity of the microemulsion were 19.9 ± 5.07 nm, 6.1 and 3.056 × 10(-3 )Pas, respectively. Absorption of ginsenoside Rg1 was higher than that of ginsenoside Rb1, which was barely detectable after intragastric administration; furthermore, the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 in blood and other tissues at each time point was lower for intragastric than for intranasal administration. Compared with intragastric administration, intranasal administration resulted in a shorter tmax (0.08 versus 1 h), a higher Cmax (16.65 versus 11.29 μg/ml), and a higher area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) (592.91 versus 101.70 μgċh/ml) in the brain. The relative rates of uptake (Re) and the ratio of peak concentration (Ce) in the brain were 126.31% and 147.48% for ginsenoside Rg1, respectively. These data illustrate that intranasal administration can promote the absorption of drugs in Nao-Qing microemulsion and achieve fast effect.
Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China and.
Tao
T
Li
Ya-Jun
YJ
Shu
Jia-Yin
JY
Cheng
Run-Cheng
RC
Liang
Shao-Na
SN
Dian
Xiao-Xun
XX
Lv
Meng-Qi
MQ
Yang
Shu-Ling
SL
Huang
Gang
G
Chen
Fan
F
Yang
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004655:Emulsions; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008517:Phytotherapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D004655:Emulsions; D036145:Ginsenosides; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1
Brain targeting; Nao-Qing; ginsenoside Rg1; intranasal administration; microemulsion; pharmacokinetic