Phase-directed therapy: TSG-6 targeted to early inflammation improves bleomycin-injured lungs.
Previous reports demonstrated that bleomycin-induced injury of lungs in mice can be improved by the administration of murine multipotent adult stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow. Recently some of the beneficial effects of MSCs have been explained by the cells being activated by signals from injured tissues to express the inflammation modulating protein TNF-α-stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6). In this study, we elected to test the hypothesis that targeting the early phase of bleomycin-induced lung injury with systemic TSG-6 administration may produce therapeutic effects such as preventing the deterioration of lung function and increasing survival by modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Lung injury in C57Bl/6J mice was induced by intratracheal administration of bleomycin. Mice then received intravenous injections of TSG-6 or sham controls. Pulse oximetry was used to monitor changes in lung function. Cell infiltration was evaluated by flow cytometry, cytokine expression was measured by ELISA assays, and lungs were assessed for histological attributes. The results demonstrated that intravenous infusion of TSG-6 during the early inflammatory phase decreased cellular infiltration into alveolar spaces. Most importantly, it improved both the subsequent decrease in arterial oxygen saturation levels and the survival of the mice. These findings demonstrated that the beneficial effects of TSG-6 in a model of bleomycin-induced lung injury are largely explained by the protein modulating the early inflammatory phase. Similar phase-directed strategy with TSG-6 or other therapeutic factors that MSCs produce may be useful for other lung diseases and diseases of other organs.
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott and White, 5701 Airport Rd., Module C, Temple, TX 76502. prockop@medicine.tamhsc.edu.
Andrea M
AM
Foskett
Nikolay
N
Bazhanov
Xinyu
X
Ti
April
A
Tiblow
Thomas J
TJ
Bartosh
Darwin J
DJ
Prockop
D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010092:Oximetry; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; C476399:Cd44 protein, mouse; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C072273:TNFAIP6 protein, human; D001761:Bleomycin
inflammation; lung injury; mesenchymal stromal cells; pulmonary gas exchange