Rice consumption and urinary concentrations of arsenic in US adults.
Exposure to inorganic arsenic in the general population occurs mainly from drinking water and food sources. This study examined the association between rice consumption and urinary concentrations of arsenic in US adults, aged 20-85 years, in the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Significantly higher geometric means of creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of total arsenic (TAs) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were found in participants who consumed rice more than twice per week, compared to the reference group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between rice consumption and urinary concentrations of TAs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51 (1.08, 2.09)] and DMA [OR = 2.24 (1.57, 3.21)] after adjustment for demographic variables, seafood intake (the main source of organic arsenic), and source of drinking water. Furthermore, significant variations in rice consumption and urinary concentrations of arsenic were observed in different racial groups. This study demonstrated that rice consumption contributed to inorganic arsenic exposure in US adults.
a Department of Community Medicine , Mercer University School of Medicine , Macon , GA , USA.
Yudan
Y
Wei
Jianmin
J
Zhu
An
A
Nguyen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000652:urine*; D002101:Cacodylic Acid / Q000652:urine; D002415:Cats; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012275:Oryza; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002101:Cacodylic Acid; D001151:Arsenic
US adults; dimethylarsinic acid; rice consumption; total arsenic; urinary concentrations