Integrative biology of tail autotomy in lizards.
Self-amputation (autotomy) of the tail is essential for the survival of many lizards. Accordingly, it has garnered the attention of scientists for more than 200 years. Several factors can influence the release of the tail, such as the size, sex, and age of the lizard; type of predator; ecology; and evolutionary history of the lineage. Once lost, the tail will writhe for seconds to minutes, and these movements likely depend on the size and physiology of the tail, habitat of the lizard, and predation pressure. Loss of the tail will, in turn, have impacts on the lizard, such as modified locomotor performance and mechanics, as well as escape behavior. However, the tail is almost always regenerated, and this involves wound healing, altered investment of resources, and tissue differentiation. The regenerated tail generally differs from the original in several ways, including size, shape, and function. Here we summarize recent findings of research pertaining to tail autotomy, and we propose a framework for future investigations.
Department of Biology, 900 University Avenue, University of California, Riverside, California 92521; 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; 3Department of Biology, 800 Reserve Street, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481.
Timothy E
TE
Higham
Anthony P
AP
Russell
Peter A
PA
Zani
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008116:Lizards / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013623:Tail / Q000502:physiology*