The potential of novel primers and universal adhesives to bond to zirconia.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the adhesive potential of novel zirconia primers and universal adhesives to surface-treated zirconia substrates.


METHODS
Zirconia bars were manufactured (3.0mm×3.0mm×9.0mm) and treated as follows: no treatment (C); air abrasion with 35μm alumina particles (S); air abrasion with 30μm silica particles using one of two systems (Rocatec or SilJet) and; glazing (G). Groups C and S were subsequentially treated with one of the following primers or adhesives: ZP (Z-Prime Plus), AZ (AZ Primer); MP (Monobond Plus); SU (ScotchBond Universal) and; EA (an Experimental Adhesive). Groups Rocatec and SilJet were silanized prior to cementation. Samples form group G were further etched and silanized. Bars were cemented (Multilink) onto bars of a silicate-based ceramic (3.0mm×3.0mm×9.0mm) at 90° angle, thermocycled (2.500 cycles, 5-55°C, 30s dwell time), and tested in tensile strength test. Failure analysis was performed on fractured specimens to measure the bonding area and crack origin.


RESULTS
Specimens from group C did not survive thermocycling, while CMP, CSU and CEA groups survived thermocycling but rendered low values of bond strength. All primers presented a better bond performance after air abrasion with Al2O3 particles. SilJet was similar to Rocatec, both presenting the best bond strength results, along with SMP, SSU and CEA. G promoted intermediate bond strength values. Failure mode was predominately adhesive on zirconia surface combined to cohesive of the luting agent.


CONCLUSIONS
Universal adhesives (MP, SU, EA) may be a considerable alternative for bonding to zirconia, but air abrasion is still previously required. Air abrasion with silica particles followed by silane application also presented high bond strength values.
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dentistry School, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.
Marina
M
Amaral
Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Renan
R
Belli
Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Dentistry School, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Paulo Francisco
PF
Cesar
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dentistry School, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Luiz Felipe
LF
Valandro
Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Anselm
A
Petschelt
Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: lohbauer@dent.uni-erlangen.de.
Ulrich
U
Lohbauer
D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C508050:IPS e.max Press; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019279:Resin Cements; C076811:Rocatec; D012821:Silanes; C493120:lithia disilicate; C502351:multilink adhesive system; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D015019:Yttrium; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; C041330:Scotchbond; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C028541:zirconium oxide
Air abrasion; Primer; Tensile bond strength; Zircona ceramics