In vivo and in vitro genotoxicity assessment of 2-methylisoborneol, causal agent of earthy-musty taste and odor in water.
The water eutrophication process by phosphorus and nitrogen allows cyanobacteria blooms which promote, among other effects, the generation and release of the metabolite 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in the environment. This substance has been shown to be recalcitrant to conventional water treatment, degrading water quality. Considering the limited number of studies on the biological effects of 2-MIB in eukaryotic organisms, the present study assessed the genotoxicity of 2-MIB using the in vitro comet assay and cytokinesis block-micronucleus (CBMN-Cytome) assay on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and the in vivo Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). The results showed that 2-MIB (125, 250 and 500 µg/mL) was unable to induce gene and chromosome mutations or events associated with mitotic recombination in the SMART. Similarly, four different concentrations (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 µg/mL) of 2-MIB did not induce increments in frequencies of micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmatic bridges in the CBMN-Cytome assay. In the comet assay, the positive results were restricted to the highest dose, 60 µg/mL of 2-MIB. The results obtained may help evaluate the genotoxic profile of extracellular algal products.
Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
Leonel
L
Burgos
Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
Mauricio
M
Lehmann
Laboratório de Estomatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Heloisa Helena Rodrigues
HH
de Andrade
Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
Bianca Regina Ribas
BR
de Abreu
Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
Ana Paula
AP
de Souza
Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas (IPH), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Viviane Berwanger
VB
Juliano
Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: rafael.rodrigues@ulbra.br.
Rafael Rodrigues
RR
Dihl
D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D001892:Camphanes / Q000633:toxicity*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D020552:Comet Assay; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009812:Odorants; D013649:Taste; D014867:Water / Q000592:standards; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D001892:Camphanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C005536:2-methylisoborneol
2-MIB; CBMN; Comet assay; Genetic toxicity; SMART