Prevalence and symptoms of occult sleep disordered breathing among older veterans with insomnia.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of occult sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and describe the relationship between classic SDB symptoms (e.g., loud snoring) and occult SDB in older veterans with insomnia.


METHODS
We analyzed baseline survey and in-home sleep study data for 435 veterans (mean age = 72.0 years [SD 8.0]) who had no known history of SDB, met International Classification of Sleep Disorders 2(nd) Edition criteria for insomnia, and were enrolled in a behavioral intervention trial for insomnia. Variables of interest included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, body mass index (BMI), insomnia subtype (i.e., onset, maintenance, or terminal), self-reported excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring, and witnessed breathing pause items from the Berlin Questionnaire. We computed the frequency of AHI ≥ 15 and assessed whether each classic SDB symptom was associated with an AHI ≥ 15 in 4 separate multivariate logistic regression models.


RESULTS
Prevalence of AHI ≥ 15 was 46.7%. Excessive daytime sleepiness (adjusted odds ratio 1.63, 95% CI 1.02, 2.60, p = 0.04), but not snoring loudness, snoring frequency, or witnessed breathing pauses was associated with occult SDB (AHI ≥ 15). Insomnia subtypes were not significantly associated with occult SDB (p > 0.38).


CONCLUSIONS
In our sample of older veterans with insomnia, nearly half had occult SDB, which was characterized by reported excessive daytime sleepiness, but not loud or frequent snoring or witnessed breathing pauses. Insomnia subtype was unrelated to the presence of occult SDB.
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC): Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA ; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Constance H
CH
Fung
Jennifer L
JL
Martin
Joseph M
JM
Dzierzewski
Stella
S
Jouldjian
Karen
K
Josephson
Michelle
M
Park
Cathy
C
Alessi
D056044:Actigraphy / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D015897:Comorbidity; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Sleep disordered breathing; comorbid insomnia; older adults; prevalence; risk factors