The impact of brief alcohol interventions in primary healthcare: a systematic review of reviews.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to assess the cumulative evidence on the effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary healthcare in order to highlight key knowledge gaps for further research.


METHODS
An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effectiveness of brief alcohol intervention in primary healthcare published between 2002 and 2012.


RESULTS
Twenty-four systematic reviews met the eligibility criteria (covering a total of 56 randomized controlled trials reported across 80 papers). Across the included studies, it was consistently reported that brief intervention was effective for addressing hazardous and harmful drinking in primary healthcare, particularly in middle-aged, male drinkers. Evidence gaps included: brief intervention effectiveness in key groups (women, older and younger drinkers, minority ethnic groups, dependent/co-morbid drinkers and those living in transitional and developing countries); and the optimum brief intervention length and frequency to maintain longer-term effectiveness.


CONCLUSIONS
This overview highlights the large volume of primarily positive evidence supporting brief alcohol intervention effects as well as some unanswered questions with regards to the effectiveness of brief alcohol intervention across different cultural settings and in specific population groups, and in respect of the optimum content of brief interventions that might benefit from further research.
Corresponding author: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK. e.f.s.kaner@newcastle.ac.uk.
Amy
A
O'Donnell
Peter
P
Anderson
Dorothy
D
Newbury-Birch
Bernd
B
Schulte
Christiane
C
Schmidt
Jens
J
Reimer
Eileen
E
Kaner
D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards