Principles for planning and conducting comparative effectiveness research.
OBJECTIVE
To develop principles for planning and conducting comparative effectiveness research (CER).


METHODS
Beginning with a modified existing list of health technology assessment principles, we developed a set of CER principles using literature review, engagement of multiple experts and broad stakeholder feedback.


CONCLUSIONS
Thirteen principles and actions to fulfill their intent are proposed. Principles include clarity of objectives, transparency, engagement of stakeholders, consideration of relevant perspectives, use of relevant comparators, and evaluation of relevant outcomes and treatment heterogeneity. Should these principles be found appropriate and useful, CER studies should be audited for adherence to them and monitored for their impact on care management, patient relevant outcomes and clinical guidelines.
United BioSource Corporation, Science Policy, Bethesda, MD, USA. bryan.luce@unitedbiosource.com.
Bryan R
BR
Luce
Michael F
MF
Drummond
Robert W
RW
Dubois
Peter J
PJ
Neumann
Bengt
B
Jönsson
Uwe
U
Siebert
J Sanford
JS
Schwartz
D022126:Access to Information; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D003657:Decision Making; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006285:Health Planning; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D010934:Planning Techniques