[Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Spain].
In Spain, cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a very common cause of morbidity and hospitalization. They are the second leading cause of mortality in the general population, and the first in women. They also constitute a very high social spending, which is estimated to increase in coming years, due to the aging of our population. Data from the Hospital Morbidity Survey of the National Statistics Institute recorded, in 2011, 116,017 strokes and 14,933 transient ischemic attacks, corresponding, respectively, to an incidence of 252 and 32 events per 100,000 people. In 2002, the cost of hospitalization for each stroke was estimated at €3,047. The amount of total cost health care throughout the life of a stroke patient is calculated at €43,129. Internationally, the direct costs of stroke constitute 3% of national health spending, this being similar amount in different countries around us. Hypertension was the cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) more prevalent in both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, followed by dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Peripheral arterial disease and hypertension were more frequently associated with atherothrombotic events, atrial fibrillation with cardioembolic strokes, and obesity and high blood pressure to lacunar infarcts. In Spain, as showing several studies, we are far from optimal control of CVRF, especially in secondary prevention of stroke. According to the ICTUSCARE study, achieving recommended values was 17.6% in the case of hypertension, 29.8% in LDL-cholesterol, 74.9% of smoking, and 50.2% in diabetes mellitus. In this review, we analyze in detail the epidemiology, prevention and costs originated by CVD.
Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, España. Electronic address: abrea@riojasalud.es.
Angel
A
Brea
Departamento de Epidemiología, Aterotrombosis e Imagen, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, España.
Martín
M
Laclaustra
Medicina Interna, Hospital Comarcal d'Inca, Inca, Illes Balears, España.
Esperanza
E
Martorell
Servei d'Urgències Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
Angels
A
Pedragosa
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
Cerebrovascular disorders; Enfermedades cerebrovasculares; Epidemiologic study; Estudio epidemiológico; Factores de riesgo; Risk factors