Oxidative stress in Egyptian hemodialysis children.
BACKGROUND
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the endothelium-dependent relaxing factors released by the vascular endothelium. It is decreased in chronic kidney disease. It was found that higher levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and IL-13 are associated with mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the disturbance in NO in chronic kideny failure and its relationship with hypertension and inflammatory and nutritional parameters, as indirect indexes of uremic oxidative stress.


METHODS
This study included 31 children consisting of 23 children, aged from 4 to 18 years old, with ESRD, on regular hemodialysis, and 8 children admitted to hospital for other diseases (control group). Predialysis blood samples were tested for IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and NO, and were compared with the control group.


RESULTS
Serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were significantly higher in children on hemodialysis as compared to the control group (TNF-alpha, 104.54 +/- 17.31 pg/mL versus 48.19 +/- 6.28 pg/mL, P = .005; IL-1beta, 5.35 +/- 0.75 pg/mL versus 2.13 +/- 0.61 pg/mL, P = .02; respectively). However, the levels of NO, albeit higher in this group had no significant difference with the controls.


CONCLUSIONS
The levels of cytokines are high in pediatric patients on hemodialysis, which reflects a state of oxidative stress.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. emadoozi@yahoo.com.
Emad E
EE
Ghobrial
Nermine N
NN
Mahfouz
Gihan A
GA
Fathy
Amany A
AA
Elwakkad
Heba M R
HM
Sebaii
D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide