title: 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol: An aggregation pheromone of the four-eyed spruce bark beetle,Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).
abstract: Porapak Q-captured volatiles of malePolygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) boring in black spruce and white spruce from Newfoundland and British Columbia, respectively, contained 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. Volatiles from logs in which the males had been joined by females contained the compound in reduced quantities. Hindgut extracts from male and femaleP. rufipennis disclosed no male-specific volatiles, but 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was detected in extracts of male-produced frass. The compound was not present in extracts from fresh phloem tissue.P. rufipennis of both sexes responded strongly in the field to traps baited with 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol released at 4390 μg/day. There was little response to unbaited traps, fresh uninfested black spruce logs, or to 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol released at lower rates. Combination of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol with either one of five terpenes prevalent in black spruce did not enhance beetle catch. Approximately half of 20 black spruce trees baited with 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol were attacked, compared to 20.0% of 10 unbaited control trees. This new aggregation pheromone could be used to monitor or manageP. rufipennis populations.
authors.affiliation: Forestry Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Region, P.O. Box 6028, A1C 5X8, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gries
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Borden
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Pierce