title: Obese children at higher risk for having overactive bladder symptoms: a community-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between obesity and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in healthy children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy community children (5-12 years) were enrolled to evaluate LUTS and voiding function, and classified by body mass index as being of normal weight, overweight, or obese. A questionnaire was completed by one parent of each child and included baseline characteristics, Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score, obstructive sleep apnea-related symptoms, stressful events, and nocturnal enuresis status in the past months. Overactive bladder (OAB) was defined by an urgency symptom score of ≥ 2. Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) was defined as nocturnal enuresis without either OAB or daytime incontinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 838 children (mean age, 8.0 ± 2.0 years) were eligible for analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 14.0% and 10.7%, respectively, without gender disparity. Obese children had higher urgency symptom score than children of normal weight (0.87 ± 1.00 vs. 0.60 ± 0.87; P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that significant risk factors for OAB were younger age (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.29) and obesity (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.14-3.40), while not gender, overweight, obstructive sleep apnea-related symptoms, and stressful events. Statistically significant risk factors for MNE were younger age and stressful events, while not obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese community children were at a higher risk of having OAB while not for MNE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shang-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: I-Ni
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chia-Da
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Stephen Shei-Dei
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: children; lower urinary tract symptoms; nocturnal enuresis; obesity; overactive bladder