title: Effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae--Alaska, 2008-2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2010, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) replaced a 7-valent vaccine (PCV7) that contained all PCV7 serotypes plus 6 additional serotypes (PCV6+). We conducted annual surveys from 2008 to 2012 to determine the effect of PCV13 on colonization by pneumococcal serotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs for pneumococcal identification and serotyping from residents of all ages at 8 rural villages and children age <60 months at 2 urban clinics. We conducted interviews/medical records review for all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 207 nasopharyngeal swabs (rural = 16 098; urban = 2109) were collected. From 2008 to 2012, 84% of rural and 90% of urban children age <5 years were age-appropriately vaccinated with a PCV. Overall pneumococcal colonization prevalence remained stable among rural (66%) and urban (35%) children age <5 years, and adults age ≥18 years (14%). Colonization by PCV6+ serotypes declined significantly among rural children age <5 years, urban children age <5, and adults age ≥18 over the course of the study (25%-5%, 22%-9%, 22%-6%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCV13 was rapidly introduced into the Alaska childhood immunization schedule and reduced colonization by PCV6+ serotypes among children. Unvaccinated adults also experienced comparable reductions in vaccine serotype colonization indicating substantial indirect protection from PCV13.
authors.affiliation: Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
authors.forename: Prabhu P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Gounder
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Dana J T
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bruden
authors.forename: Rosalyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Debby A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hurlburt
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wenger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000413:Alaska / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009302:Nasopharyngeal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014505:Urban Population; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
keywords: Alaska; Alaska Native people; Streptococcus pneumoniae; conjugate vaccine; nasopharyngeal colonization