title: Estimation of gene flow into two seed orchards of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.).
abstract: Multilocus allozyme markers, which were present in background stands but not in two seed orchards, enabled estimation of gene flow into two seed orchards of loblolly pine. Estimates averaged 36% in two orchards over three years. When pollen pool frequencies in the background stands were used rather than gene frequencies in the non-orchard trees, the estimates averaged 60%. In one year, trees in the row on the edge of one orchard received significantly more pollen from background stands. Estimates of gene flow between the two 2-ha orchards average 10%. Implications of the observed levels of gene flow are discussed in terms of population genetics and seed orchard management.
authors.affiliation: U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Prineville, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Adams