title: Comparative evaluation of chitosan, cellulose acetate, and polyethersulfone nanofiber scaffolds for neural differentiation.
abstract: Based on accumulating evidence that the 3D topography and the chemical features of a growth surface influence neuronal differentiation, we combined these two features by evaluating the cytotoxicity, proliferation, and differentiation of the rat PC12 line and human neural stem cells (hNSCs) on chitosan (CS), cellulose acetate (CA), and polyethersulfone (PES)-derived electrospun nanofibers that had similar diameters, centered in the 200-500 nm range. None of the nanofibrous materials were cytotoxic compared to 2D (e.g., flat surface) controls; however, proliferation generally was inhibited on the nanofibrous scaffolds although to a lesser extent on the polysaccharide-derived materials compared to PES. In an exception to the trend toward slower growth on the 3D substrates, hNSCs differentiated on the CS nanofibers proliferated faster than the 2D controls and both cell types showed enhanced indication of neuronal differentiation on the CS scaffolds. Together, these results demonstrate beneficial attributes of CS for neural tissue engineering when this polysaccharide is used in the context of the defined 3D topography found in electrospun nanofibers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Hyo Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yarema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D064231:Nestin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C489788:MAP2 protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D064231:Nestin; D011108:Polymers; D013450:Sulfones; D014404:Tubulin; C022840:polyether sulfone; C005062:acetylcellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Electrospun nanofibers; Human neural stem cells; Polysaccharides; Rat PC12 cells; Tissue engineering scaffolds