title: Biofuel cell based on microscale nanostructured electrodes with inductive coupling to rat brain neurons.
abstract: Miniature, self-contained biodevices powered by biofuel cells may enable a new generation of implantable, wireless, minimally invasive neural interfaces for neurophysiological in vivo studies and for clinical applications. Here we report on the fabrication of a direct electron transfer based glucose/oxygen enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) from genuinely three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured microscale gold electrodes, modified with suitable biocatalysts. We show that the process underlying the simple fabrication method of 3D nanostructured electrodes is based on an electrochemically driven transformation of physically deposited gold nanoparticles. We experimentally demonstrate that mediator-, cofactor-, and membrane-less EFCs do operate in cerebrospinal fluid and in the brain of a rat, producing amounts of electrical power sufficient to drive a self-contained biodevice, viz. 7 μW cm(-2) in vitro and 2 μW cm(-2) in vivo at an operating voltage of 0.4 V. Last but not least, we also demonstrate an inductive coupling between 3D nanobioelectrodes and living neurons.
authors.affiliation: 1] Biomedical Sciences, Health & Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden [2].
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andoralov
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Dmitry B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Suyatin
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granmo
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sotres
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Vladimir O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Popov
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schouenborg
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shleev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold; D008839:Microelectrodes; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D005947:Glucose