title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics prescription trends at a central west bank hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to reliably describe the pattern of outpatient prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics (ATBs) at a central hospital in the West Bank, Palestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study investigating a cohort of 2,208 prescriptions ordered by outpatient clinics and the emergency room over one year in Beit Jala Hospital in Bethlehem, West Bank. The orders were analysed for the rate and types of NSAIDs and ATBs utilised, and the appropriateness of these drugs to the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total prescriptions, 410 contained NSAIDs (18.6%), including diclofenac (40.2%), low dose aspirin (23.9%), ibuprofen (17.8%) and indomethacin (15.1%). A minority of these prescriptions contained a combination of these agents (2.5%). Only one prescription contained cyclooxyeganse-2 inhibitors (0.2%). The appropriateness of NSAID use to the diagnosis was as follows: appropriate (58.3%), inappropriate (14.4%) and difficult to tell (27.3%). The rate of ATB use was 30.3% (669 prescriptions). The ATBs prescribed were amoxicillin (23.3%), augmentin (14.3%), quinolones (12.7%), first and second generation cephalosporins (9.4% and 12.7%, respectively) and macrolides (7.2%). ATB combinations were identified in 9.4%, with the most common being second-generation cephalopsorins and metronidazole (4.3%). Regarding the appropriateness of prescribing ATBs according to the diagnosis, it was appropriate in 44.8%, inappropriate in 20.6% and difficult to tell in 34.6% of the prescriptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings revealed a relatively large number and inappropriate utilisation of ATBs and NSAIDs. An interventional programme needs to be adopted to reinforce physicians' knowledge of the rational prescription of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Al-Quds University Medical School, Beit Hanina, Jerusalem, Palestine;
authors.forename: Yasin I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Tayem
authors.forename: Marwan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Qubaja
authors.forename: Riyad K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Shraim
authors.forename: Omar B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Imadeddin A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Abu Shkheidem
authors.forename: Murad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
keywords: Antibiotics; NSAIDs; Palestine; Prescription