title: Markers for anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) therapy in melanoma.
abstract: Therapeutic strategies that block Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) enhance antitumor immunity and prolong the lives of patients with metastatic melanoma. However, only a subset of patients benefit, and responses are often delayed due to heterogeneous response kinetics. Ongoing monitoring of the immunologic effects of therapy and correlating these immunologic changes with patient outcomes continue to be important goals to better identify possible mechanisms of clinical activity of these agents. This chapter introduces the major areas of investigation in monitoring patients treated with CTLA-4 blockade and provides specific details of our experience performing selected assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Postow
authors.forename: Jianda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lesokhin
authors.forename: Jedd D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolchok
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D015925:Cryopreservation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic; D010641:Phenotype; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D000074324:Ipilimumab