title: Prevalence and characteristics of prostate cancer among participants of a community-based screening in Nigeria using serum prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Nigerian men but CaP screening is not a common practice. The true burden of the disease in Nigeria is not known. The study was aimed at studying the community burden of CaP in Lagos.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a community-based prostate cancer awareness program in 13 local government areas of Lagos, men aged >40 years had serum total PSA (tPSA) test and digital rectal examination (DRE). Those with abnormal DRE or tPSA >95th percentile of the cohort or both were selected for prostate biopsy (TRPB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  4172 men were screened and complete data was available for 4110 (98.5%). The mean age was 60.8 years. DRE was abnormal in 410 men and was significantly correlated with the age of the patient and tPSA (p<0.001). The tPSA ranged from 0 to 438.3 ng/ml with a median, mean and 95th percentile of 1.5, 2.5 and 10.0 ng/ml respectively. 341 out of the 438 (78%) men selected were subjected to TRBP. Forty-three men had histological diagnosis of CaP, giving an estimated prevalence rate of at least 1.046% or 1046 per 100,000 men of age ≥40. Only 11 (26%) had organ-confined disease while 17 (40%) had locally advanced disease and 15 (35%) men had metastatic disease. The majority of the men, 32 (74%) were reported to have Gleason's score of ≥7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rate of CaP among men aged ≥40 years in Lagos is higher than previously reported in hospital-based study. Majority have advanced and high-grade disease.
authors.affiliation: Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Stephen Odunayo
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ikuerowo
authors.forename: Olufunmilade Adefolarin
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Omisanjo
authors.forename: Muftau Jimoh
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bioku
authors.forename: Michael Olawale
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ajala
authors.forename: Victor Patrick Nonyelim
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Mordi
authors.forename: Julius Olusanmi
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Esho
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Nigeria; Prostate; cancer; prevalence; screening