title: Insulin resistance and lipid profiles in HIV-infected Thai children receiving lopinavir/ritonavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is associated with insulin resistance (IR). We aim to determine the prevalence of IR, dyslipidemia and their inter-relationships with adipokines in HIV-infected children treated with LPV/r-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight children were enrolled. Fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, adipokines, and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of IR, pre-diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia was 42.9(12/28), 10.7(3/28), and 75.0(21/28)% respectively. No case met the definition for diabetes mellitus (DM) and lipodystrophy. Children with IR had higher BMI z-score, triglyceride levels but unchanged leptin or adiponectin levels compared to those without IR. Longer duration of LPV/r-based HAART was associated with increased levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe high prevalence of IR, pre-diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia among HIV-infected children receiving LPV/r-based HAART. Pre-diabetes mellitus or DM or IR screening might be important for early diagnosis and intervention in these children.
authors.forename: Prapai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dejkhamron
authors.forename: Kevalee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unachak
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aurpibul
authors.forename: Virat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sirisanthana
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D061466:Lopinavir / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D061466:Lopinavir; D019438:Ritonavir