title: Cognitive control network connectivity in adolescent women with and without a parental history of depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent women with a parental history of depression are at high risk for the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). Cognitive theories suggest this vulnerability involves deficits in cognitive control over emotional information. Among adolescent women with and without a parental history of depression, we examined differences in connectivity using resting state functional connectivity analysis within a network associated with cognitive control over emotional information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four depression-naïve adolescent women underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). They were assigned to high-risk (n=11) and low-risk (n=13) groups based their parents' depression history. Seed based functional connectivity analysis was used to examine group differences in connectivity within a network associated with cognitive control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-risk adolescents had lower levels of connectivity between a right inferior prefrontal region and other critical nodes of the attention control network, including right middle frontal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus. Further, greater severity of the parents' worst episode of depression was associated with altered cognitive control network connectivity in their adolescent daughters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressed parents may transmit depression vulnerability to their adolescent daughters via alterations in functional connectivity within neural circuits that underlie cognitive control of emotional information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States. Electronic address: clasen@utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Clasen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Beevers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
authors.forename: Jeanette A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mumford
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, United States; Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Schnyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009415:Nerve Net; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018401:Sample Size
keywords: Adolescence; Cognitive control network; Depression vulnerability; Functional connectivity; Parental history of depression; Resting-state fMRI