title: Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on rats with Type II diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin: a urine metabonomic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type II diabetes has become a serious threat to human health in recent years. Among adults above 20 years old in China, the prevalence rate of diabetes is 9.7%. Thus, it is imperative to study the mechanisms underlying type II diabetes to develop effective therapeutic treatments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine metabolic changes in a rat model of type II diabetes and explore mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in this model. 120 rats were divided into four groups, including a control group, a high-fat diet group (high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection), a TCM group (high-fat diet, streptozotocin injection, followed by TCM administration), and a rosiglitazone maleate group (high-fat diet, streptozotocin injection, followed by rosiglitazone maleate administration). Metabolites in urine samples from 1-3 weeks (time point 1) and 4-6 weeks (time point 2) of drug administration were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that in the high-fat diet group, at time point 2, the levels of dihydroxybenzoic acid, L-ascorbic acid, D-gluconic acid, octadecanoic acid, and glutaric acid in urine were significantly higher than at time point 1. In the TCM group, at time point 2, the urine levels of L-ascorbic acid were markedly lower than at time point 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our studies demonstrated that examining urine metabolic changes provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying type II diabetes as well as the therapeutic effects of TCM.
authors.affiliation: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhigeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Kuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Baosheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liangtao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhiqian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D002681:China; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: Rat Model; Traditional Chinese Medicine; Type II diabetes; Urine metabonomics