title: Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in ocean water and bovine milk using crosslinked polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings by solid-phase microextraction.
abstract: Crosslinked polymeric ionic liquid (PIL)-based sorbent coatings were employed in the extraction of 21 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from ocean water and bovine milk using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The extraction temperature, time, and concentration of sodium chloride added to the matrix were optimized in order to determine the best extraction conditions for the extraction of PCBs. The analytical performance of the crosslinked PIL-based SPME fibers was compared with a commercial 7 µm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber using gas chromatography (GC) employing an electron capture detector (ECD) and mass spectrometric detection (MS). Higher sensitivities for PCBs were achieved using PIL-based fibers when compared to PDMS fiber due to the incorporation of benzyl moieties into the PIL structures. The limits of detection (LOD) for all PCBs were determined to be in the low ng L(-1) range using the three studied coatings. Recovery studies were performed for PCBs in ocean water and bovine milk to validate the applicability of the current SPME method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
authors.forename: Manishkumar D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Tien D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: William T S
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Jared L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Bovine milk; Gas chromatography; Ionic liquids; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Polymeric ionic liquids; Solid-phase microextraction