title: Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia with infundibular pulmonary and aortic stenosis: a rare combination.
abstract: Isolated left ventricular (LV) apical hypoplasia is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly which is not accompanied by other cardiac abnormalities, with the exception of two cases. We report a case of a 33-year-old male patient with isolated LV apical hypoplasia combined with infundibular pulmonary stenosis and aortic stenosis. We review a literature focusing on the characteristic magnetic resonance features and combined cardiac abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Yeon Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Geewon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis
keywords: Aortic valve stenosis; Congenital heart disease; Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia; Magnetic resonance imaging; Pulmonary subvascular stenosis