title: Development of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for quantification of extracted tungsten from glass prefilled syringes used as a primary packaging for pharmaceutical and therapeutic protein products.
abstract: Leachable tungsten is associated with protein aggregation and precipitation in glass prefilled syringes, and this may trigger immunogenicity concerns. Determining the level of leachable tungsten from glass prefilled syringes is critical for assuring quality of certain biopharmaceutical drug products. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) quantification method was developed to determine elemental tungsten in syringe extracts. The syringe was extracted using 0.5% ammonium hydroxide (pH 11), heat (75 °C), and sonication. The resulting extraction solution was diluted 10 fold prior to ICP/MS analysis. Syringes from three syringe lots containing known low (average 28.0 ng), medium (average 189.4 ng), and high (average 631.9 ng) levels of tungsten were extracted three times each. All syringes with total tungsten greater than 14 ng had extraction efficiency greater than 90% with the first two extractions combined. The calibration curve range was 0.1-200 μg/L tungsten with iridium as the internal standard, and the correlation coefficient was ≥1.0000. The limit of detection at 0.05 μg/L tungsten and limit of quantification at 0.1 μg/L tungsten were determined as having a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 40 and 80 times compared with the blank, respectively. The ICP/MS method was selective for tungsten and iridium in the presence of other metals. Accuracies of spiked tungsten, at three different levels, in syringe extracts were >99% with precision relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 5) of ≤1%. The matrix effect of the syringe extract media and carryover of tungsten and internal standard were negligible. Onboard stability of the syringe extracts over three days had a tungsten concentration RSD (n = 3) of ≤1%. Syringe extractions performed with 0.45-0.55% ammonium hydroxide had spike recoveries ≥99% and demonstrated extraction solution robustness. Quantified residual tungsten in syringes extract by ammonium hydroxide and analyzed by ICP/MS was acceptable based on extraction efficiency and method performance.
  Elemental tungsten is a known leachable from glass prefilled syringe used as a ready-to-inject drug device in the pharmaceutical industry. Tungsten is a residual artifact from the manufacturing process of the syringe. The leachable tungsten level is of a concern, as it can affect the quality of the filled drug product. To understand possible leachable quantity of tungsten from the prefilled syringe, a tungsten extraction conditions and quantification method were developed. Double extraction of the syringe with 0.5% ammonium hydroxide (pH 11), heat (75 °C), and sonication was able to efficiently extract 90% of the total tungsten from syringe. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was qualified to selectively, accurately, and precisely quantify the extracted tungsten. The developed extraction and quantification method was acceptable in determining possible leachable tungsten from prefilled syringes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nashed-Samuel
mesh_terms: D004349:Drug Packaging; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013594:Syringes; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014414:Tungsten
chemical_list: D014414:Tungsten
keywords: Extractable; ICP/MS; Leachable; Prefilled syringe; Tungsten