title: Relationship of moderate and low isometric lumbar extension through architectural and muscular activity variables: a cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No study relating the changes obtained in the architecture of erector spinae (ES) muscle were registered with ultrasound and different intensities of muscle contraction recorded by surface EMG (electromyography) on the ES muscle was found. The aim of this study was analyse the relationship in the response of the ES muscle during isometric moderate and light lumbar isometric extension considering architecture and functional muscle variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. 46 subjects (52% men) with a group mean age of 30.4 (±7.78). The participants developed isometric lumbar extension while performing moderate and low isometric trunk and hip extension in a sitting position with hips flexed 90 degrees and the lumbar spine in neutral position. During these measurements, electromyography recordings and ultrasound images were taken bilaterally. Bilaterally pennation angle, muscle thickness, torque and muscle activation were measured. This study was developed at the human movement analysis laboratory of the Health Science Faculty of the University of Malaga (Spain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong and moderate correlations were found at moderate and low intensities contraction between the variable of the same intensity, with correlation values ranging from 0.726 (Torque Moderate - EMG Left Moderate) to 0.923 (Angle Left Light - Angle Right Light) (p < 0.001). This correlation is observed between the variables that describe the same intensity of contraction, showing a poor correlation between variables of different intensities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong relationship between architecture and function variables of ES muscle when describe an isometric lumbar extension at light or moderate intensity.
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove QLD 4059, Australia. acuesta@uma.es.
authors.forename: Antonio I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Vargas
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult