title: Effects of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in the severity and management of traumatic brain injury in albino rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by substantial accumulation of biomarkers of oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants reserve which initiate chain reactions that damage brain cells. The present study investigated the role of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol on the severity and management of TBI in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were subjected to closed head injury using an accelerated impact device. Rats were administered 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg body weight of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol or a combination of the two vitamins for 2 weeks pre- and post injury. Blood and brain tissue homogenates were analyzed for vitamin C, vitamin E, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and creatine kinase activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that TBI caused significant (P < 0.05) decreased in vitamins C and E levels in the blood and brain tissue of TBI-untreated rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase in TBI rats were markedly reduced when compared with non traumatized control and showed a tendency to increased following supplementation with vitamins C and E. Supplementation of the vitamins significantly (P < 0.05) reduced malondialdehyde in the treatment groups compared with the TBI-untreated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicated that pre and post treatment with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol reduced oxidative stress induced by brain injury and effectively reduced mortality rate in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Gaafar M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ishaq
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saidu
authors.forename: Lawal S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bilbis
authors.forename: Suleiman A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jinjir
authors.forename: Bello B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Shehu
keywords: Antioxidant; oxidative stress; supplementation; traumatic brain injury