title: Effect of a high-fat--high-fructose diet, stress and cinnamon on central expression of genes related to immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function and cerebral plasticity in rats.
abstract: The intake of a high-fat/high-fructose (HF/HFr) diet is described to be deleterious to cognitive performances, possibly via the induction of inflammatory factors. An excess of glucocorticoids is also known to exert negative effects on cerebral plasticity. In the present study, we assessed the effects of an unbalanced diet on circulating and central markers of inflammation and glucocorticoid activity, as well as their reversal by dietary cinnamon (CN) supplementation. A group of male Wistar rats were subjected to an immune challenge with acute lipopolysaccharide under a HF/HFr or a standard diet. Another group of Wistar rats were fed either a HF/HFr or a control diet for 12 weeks, with or without CN supplementation, and with or without restraint stress (Str) application before being killed. We evaluated the effects of such regimens on inflammation parameters in the periphery and brain and on the expression of actors of brain plasticity. To assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity, we measured the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and the expression of central corticotrophin-releasing hormone, mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. We found that the HF/HFr diet induced the expression of cytokines in the brain, but only after an immune challenge. Furthermore, we observed the negative effects of Str on the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and neuroplasticity markers in rats fed the control diet but not in those fed the HF/HFr diet. Additionally, we found that CN supplementation exerted beneficial effects under the control diet, but that its effects were blunted or even reversed under the HF/HFr diet. CN supplementation could be beneficial under a standard diet. [corrected].
authors.affiliation: INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Pharmacy Building 2nd Floor, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marissal-Arvy
authors.affiliation: LBFA/INSERM, U1055, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Batandier
authors.affiliation: INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Pharmacy Building 2nd Floor, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dallennes
authors.affiliation: IRBA-CRSSA, Unité de Neurophysiologie du stress, 38702 La Tronche Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canini
authors.affiliation: IRBA-CRSSA, Unité de Neurophysiologie du stress, 38702 La Tronche Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poulet
authors.affiliation: LBFA/INSERM, U1055, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.affiliation: LBFA/INSERM, U1055, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hininger-Favier
authors.affiliation: INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Pharmacy Building 2nd Floor, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Moisan
authors.affiliation: LBFA/INSERM, U1055, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Pharmacy Building 2nd Floor, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mormède
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017365:Spices; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D005632:Fructose