title: Statin use and risk of prostate cancer: a Danish population-based case-control study, 1997-2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conflicting evidence has suggested that statins possess chemopreventive properties against prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, we examined the association between statin use and risk of PCa in a Denmark-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 42,480 patients diagnosed with incident PCa during 1997-2010 from a national cancer registry. Five age-matched population controls (n=212,400) were selected for each case using risk-set sampling. Statin use from 1996 to the index date was obtained from the National Prescription Registry. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, comorbidity, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and educational level for PCa associated with statin use, were computed using conditional logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by duration of statin use (0-1, 2-4, 5-9, or ≥10 years), stage of PCa (localized or advanced), and type of statin used (lipophilic or hydrophilic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 7915 patients (19%) and 39,384 controls (19%) redeemed statin prescriptions prior to the index date. Overall, statin users had a 6% lower risk of PCa compared with non-users [adjusted OR (ORa), 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91-0.97]. Risk estimates did not differ substantially by duration or type of statin used. Slightly larger statin use-associated risk reductions were observed for advanced PCa (ORa, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.96) and with statin use ≥10 years (ORa, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statin use was associated with a risk reduction overall (6%) and, specifically with advanced PCa (10%). Differences in diagnostic measures and residual confounding by socioeconomic parameters may have influenced our results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Electronic address: christina.gade@ki.au.dk.
authors.forename: Christina G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Jespersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.affiliation: Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.affiliation: Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skriver
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
keywords: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors; Odds ratio; Pharmacoepidemiology; Prostate-specific antigen; Prostatic neoplasm