title: Psychosocial stress as a predictor of injury in elite junior soccer: a latent growth curve analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate by use of a latent growth curve analysis framework whether athletes' individual levels and changes in hassle and uplift levels over a 10-week period could predict injury outcome in an elite junior soccer population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective design with repeated measurement points.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 101 Swedish elite junior soccer players (67 males and 34 females). Ten sets of measures were taken on a weekly basis during which participants completed the Hassles and Uplifts Scale (HUS). Latent growth curve models were used to examine whether the level and change in psychological stress could predict the frequency of injury over the 10-week period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that injury occurrence was significantly associated with both the initial level of daily hassle and the change in daily hassle. High initial daily hassle levels and a smaller decrease in daily hassles were associated with injury occurrence. Moreover, injury occurrence was significantly associated with a greater decrease in daily uplift.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings highlight the importance of focusing on state variables using prospective designs and appropriate analysis of within-person change to detect complex and dynamic associations across time in injury-prediction research.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Sweden; The School of Education, Psychology and Sport Science, Linnaeus University, Sweden. Electronic address: Andreas.Ivarsson@hh.se.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ivarsson
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindwall
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Karlstad University, Sweden; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid-Sweden University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altemyr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Athletic injury; Longitudinal survey; Psychology; Stressful events