title: Antipneumococcal seroprevalence and pneumococcal carriage during a meningococcal epidemic in Burkina Faso, 2006.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To better understand the high incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt, we conducted a pneumococcal seroprevalence study during a meningococcal meningitis epidemic in Western Burkina Faso, March 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 3 villages experiencing epidemics, we included 624 healthy persons (1-39 years) by cluster sampling. We determined pneumococcal serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentrations against 12 serotypes contained in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and evaluated determinants for IgG ≥ 0.35 μg/mL by multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of subjects with serotype-specific IgG concentrations ≥0.35 μg/mL increased with age and was similar for the different serotypes: it was 20%-43% among 1-4-year-olds and 56%-90% among 20-39-year-olds. Prevalence of IgG ≥ 0.35 μg/mL against serotype 1 was up to 71% after age 10 years. During multivariate analyses, determinants of IgG concentrations ≥0.35 μg/mL varied by serotype; for 5 and 6 serotypes, respectively, female sex (around 2-fold increased odds) and cigarette smoking (about 5-fold reduced odds) predicted elevated titers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a substantially higher historical pneumococcal meningitis incidence in Burkina Faso, the general population has an antibody seroprevalence against 12 pneumococcal serotypes similar to that reported from the United Kingdom. The role of putatively protective antibody seroprevalence in preventing pneumococcal meningitis in the meningitis belt requires more thorough evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Centre Muraz, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Seydou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaro
authors.forename: Berthe-Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Njanpop-Lafourcade
authors.forename: Aly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drabo
authors.forename: Régina S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Idohou
authors.forename: Sita S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kroman
authors.forename: Oumarou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sanou
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.forename: Lassana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sangaré
authors.forename: Serge P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Diagbouga
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Koeck
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borrow
authors.forename: Bradford D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gessner
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000276:immunology*; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Africa; Burkina Faso; Neisseria meningitides; Streptococcus pneumoniae; asymptomatic infection; immunity; meningitis; meningitis belt; seroprevalence