title: Marrow stromal stem cell autologous transplantation in denervated fracture healing: an experimental study in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of bone marrow stromal stem cell (BMSCs) transplantation on healing of fractures combined with central nerve injuries in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight healthy adult SD male rats were randomly divided into the following three groups (16 rats in each group): group A, simple (left) tibial fracture; group B, tibial fracture combined with T10 spinal cord transection (SCT); group C, tibial fracture combined with T10 SCT and BMSCs transplantation. The tibial fractures were stabilized with modular intramedullary nails and all operated hind limbs were further immobilized in plaster casts to prevent unequal load bearing. BMSCs were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine and implanted into the fractures of C group rats 2 days after creation of the model. The animals in B and C groups were evaluated by postoperative Tarlov scores. The fractured tibiae were evaluated separately radiographically (X-ray and CT) and immunohistochemically 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after injury to assess fracture healing. In addition, the wet weights of the left tibias were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All Tarlov score of the B and C group animals reached the requirements of the experiment. One, 2 and 3 weeks after surgery, the tibial callus widths in B and C group animals were significantly greater than those of group A rats (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks the tibial callus width in group C animals had decreased, but still differed significantly from that in group A rats (P < 0.05). One, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery, the wet weights of B and C group tibias were significantly greater than those of group A (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections showed bony union and increased bone trabecula in B and C groups and areas with particles positive for alkaline phosphatase staining were more abundant in groups B and C, especially in group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neural regulation plays an important role in fracture healing. Treatment with BMSCs has a positive effect on defective callus in rats that have been subjected to SCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuan-Hu
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hai-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Da-Cheng
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Cheng-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-Jia
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Liang-Zeng
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yue-Xiu
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Jing-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Yu-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002146:Bony Callus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Bone marrow stromal stem cells; Fracture; Rat; Spinal cord injury; Transplantation