title: The impact of pretreatment with bolus dose of enteral glutamine on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both parenteral and enteral glutamine have shown beneficial effects in sepsis and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Oleic acid (OA) has been used to induce ALI in experimental studies. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment of a bolus dose of enteral glutamine on ALI induced by OA in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-300 g were divided into four groups, 7 in each. Group I and group II received normal saline for 30 days, group III and group IV received glutamine at a dose of 1 g/kg for 10 days by gavage, and in group II and group IV 100 mg/kg OA was administered i.v. Histopathological examination of the lung was performed with light and electron microscopy. Levels of protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured in tissue samples. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and total tissue oxidant status and total tissue antioxidant status were measured in serum samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light microscopy showed that the total lung injury score of group IV was significantly lower than group II. Change in thickness of the fused basal lamina was not significantly different in groups II and IV under electron microscopy. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 serum levels were higher in group II when compared to group I and significantly attenuated in group IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with a bolus dose of enteral glutamine minimized the extent of ALI induced by OA in rats.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: A Ebru
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Fahri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yetişir
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kılıç
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dostbil
authors.forename: Dilara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaymak
authors.forename: Tuğrul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Süheyla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unver
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D019301:Oleic Acid; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005973:Glutamine; D016753:Interleukin-10; D019301:Oleic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase