title: Gender determination using cheiloscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although lip prints have been used as an evidence for human identification in forensic science, there exists a doubt about its role in gender determination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed for documenting common patterns, as well as their variation in the study population, with objective of evaluating uniqueness of the lip print pattern among the study population, as well as to evaluate the possibility of gender determination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty five lip prints were collected from volunteers among out patients of Darshan Dental College and Hospital, as well as community dental care camps of rural areas around Udaipur.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lip prints were recorded with transparent overlay and transferred on to a bond paper. It was then photographed using a Canon EOS 55OD 16 mega pixel digital camera. Software Picasa 3.6 and Microsoft Picture Manager were used to digitally enhance the quality and magnify the image bearing the groove pattern. Lip prints were later analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pearson chi square test was adopted for statistical analysis and probability (P value) was calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, none of the lip prints were identical, thus confirming the role of lip prints in individual identification. Dots, reticular and complex patterns were significant in gender determination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Loyara, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Padmavathi
authors.forename: Ramanpal Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Makkad
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: Gopi Krishna
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kolli
keywords: Forensic; gender; lip