title: Physician knowledge of nuclear medicine radiation exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because physician knowledge of patient exposure to ionizing radiation from computed tomography (CT) procedures previously has been recognized as poor, the purpose of this systematic review is to determine whether physician or physician trainee knowledge of patient exposure to radiation from nuclear medicine procedures is similarly insufficient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Online databases and printed literature were systematically searched to acquire peer-reviewed published research studies involving assessment of physician or physician trainee knowledge of patient radiation exposure levels incurred during nuclear medicine and CT procedures. An a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria for study selection was used as a review protocol aimed at extracting information pertaining to participants, collection methods, comparisons within studies, outcomes, and study design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen studies from 8 countries were accepted into the review and revealed similar insufficiencies in physician knowledge of nuclear medicine and CT patient radiation exposures. Radiation exposure estimates for both modalities similarly featured a strong tendency toward physician underestimation. Discussion Comparisons were made and ratios established between physican estimates of patient radiation exposure from nuclear medicine procedures and estimates of CT procedures. A theoretical median of correct physician exposure estimates was used to examine factors affecting lower and higher estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tendency for ordering physicians to underestimate patient radiation exposures from nuclear medicine and CT procedures could lead to their overuse and contribute to increasing the public's exposure to ionizing radiation.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D009683:Nuclear Medicine; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed