title: Trends in facial fracture treatment using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Facial fractures are commonly encountered scenarios for surgeons in the emergency room. The aim of this study was to assess epidemiology and complication rates of facial fractures and the impact of surgical specialty on facial fracture repair using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from the 2005 to 2011 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases using Current Procedural Terminology codes to identify patients undergoing facial fracture repair. Demographic data, postoperative complications, comparison between single and multiple facial fractures, and surgical specialty were accessed. Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact test were used for comparing categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1170 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 38.7 ± 17.0, and the male-to-female ratio was 3.72:1. The most prevalent facial fracture was mandibular fracture in the single-fracture group and zygomatic fracture in the multiple-fracture group. Mandibular fractures were more prevalent in males and orbital fractures in females. Wound complication, morbidity, and mortality rates were 1.8, 1.3, and 0.1 percent, respectively. Multiple facial fractures and orbital fractures were more frequently treated by plastic surgeons among all surgeons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidemiologic analysis of facial fractures identifies the most affected patient populations and the characteristics of their fractures. Comparison of complication rates and surgical specialty may permit broad insight into how patients are currently managed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, III.
authors.affiliation: Boston, Mass. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Kuylhee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ahmed M S
authors.initials: AMS
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Pieter G L
authors.initials: PGL
authors.lastname: Koolen
authors.forename: Bernard T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult