title: Proteasomes and proteasomal gene polymorphism in association with inflammation and various diseases.
abstract: A proteasome, a multicatalytic protein complex, is a central particle of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in all eukaryotic cells. Through the degradation of most intracellular proteins, proteasomes play a significant role in cell processes, such as cell cycle and division, posttranslational protein quality control, cell signaling, and apoptosis. Therefore, the ubiquitin-proteasome system is necessary to ensure the normal functioning of cells and an organism. The associations between alterations in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the development of various autoimmune, neurodegenerative, inflammatory and other diseases in humans have been established. Moreover, the findings of some studies suggest that proteasomes may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma through the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Recently, much attention has been given to the associations between genes encoding the proteasome and their polymorphism, and various diseases. Associations between some proteasomal genes and myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other diseases have already been established. However, the results are inconclusive or conflicting and need further clarification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 2, 50028 Kaunas, Lithuania. zivile.zeme@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zivilė
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zemeckienė
authors.forename: Astra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitkauskienė
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sjakste
authors.forename: Brigita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sitkauskienė
authors.forename: Raimundas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakalauskas
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D004194:Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D025801:Ubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex