title: Betanin attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: This study investigates the protective effect of betanin against liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish were treated with 1, 2, and 4 % betanin in fodder throughout the experiment. After 20 days of treatment, the fish were intraperitoneally injected with 20 % (v/v in peanut oil) CCl4 at a volume of 0.5 mL/kg body weight. The fish were killed 3 days after CCl4 intoxication, and then, histological and biochemical assays were performed. Results showed that CCl4-induced liver CYP2E1 activity, oxidative stress, and injury, as indicated by the depleted glycogen storage, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and liver histological damage. Compared with the CCl4 control group, the betanin-treated groups exhibited reduced CYP2E1 activity, decreased malondialdehyde level, increased liver antioxidative capacity (increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), increased liver glycogen storage, and reduced serum AST/ALT activities, with significant differences in the 2 and 4 % groups (p < 0.05). Histological assay further confirmed the protective effect of betanin. In conclusion, betanin attenuates CCl4-induced liver damage in common carp. Moreover, the inhibition of CYP2E1 activity and oxidative stress may have significant roles in the protective effect of betanin.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China, hanjunyan@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Junyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shaobin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dehong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D050859:Betacyanins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002347:Carps; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D050859:Betacyanins; C020228:betanin; D006003:Glycogen; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase