title: Radar detection of drones responding to honeybee queen pheromone.
abstract: The response of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) drones to queen pheromone(s) (either natural from a mated queen, or synthetic from a lure) was recorded using an X-band, ground-based radar. The distribution of drones (insect targets on the radar screen) changed from a scattered distribution to a line concentration (downwind) when the pheromone was released. Displacement within the line concentration was toward the pheromone. This response was seen as far as 800±15 m downwind from a lure with 10 mg of synthetic 9-oxodec-trans-2-enoic acid (9-ODA) and as far as 420±15 m from a mated queen. These studies demonstrate that queen pheromone can be detected by drones at much greater distances than previously believed and illustrate how X-band radar may be used to establish the distances at which insects of similar or larger size respond to pheromones.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Honey Bee Research Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, 2000 East Allen Road, 85719, Tucson, Arizona.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Loper
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Taylor