title: Lower serum endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end product level as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome among Japanese adult men: a 2-year longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activation by its ligands is implicated in obesity-related metabolic disease and accelerated atherothrombosis. Circulating soluble (sRAGE) and/or endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) may counteract the detrimental effects of RAGE.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at determining the relationship between circulating RAGE and metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence among Japanese adult men.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 2-year longitudinal study included 426 Japanese men aged 30-83 years who had no MetS at baseline. Serum esRAGE and sRAGE were assayed by ELISA at baseline. Incident metabolic syndrome, defined according to the Asian cutoff based on the 2009 criteria of the American Heart Association Scientific Statements, was evaluated after the 2-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, 55 participants (12.9%) had newly diagnosed MetS. In the multiple logistic models comparing MetS risk in the lowest with that in the highest tertile of baseline esRAGE, a high serum esRAGE level was found to be significantly associated with a low risk of MetS [odds ratios (95% confidence interval), 0.37 (0.14-0.95); P for trend = 0.038] after adjusting for lifestyle and sociodemographic factors, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and MetS components at baseline. Although sRAGE and esRAGE were strongly correlated (r(s) = 0.88), the sRAGE level was not associated with MetS incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high circulating esRAGE level, but not sRAGE level, was associated with a low MetS incidence among Japanese adult men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare (H.M., R.N.), Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (Y.K., C.H., M.C., A.O.), United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (T.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Epidemiology (K.N.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China; and School of Nursing (H.T.) Miyagi University, Sendai 989-3126, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Momma
authors.forename: Kaijun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yoritoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chujo
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otomo
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tadaura
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagatomi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic