title: Human papillomavirus genotyping and integration in ovarian cancer Saudi patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with different malignancies but its role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is controversial. This study investigated the prevalence, genotyping and physical state of HPV in ovarian cancer Saudi patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hundred formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) ovarian carcinoma tissues and their normal adjacent tissues (NAT) were included in the study. HPV was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerated HPVL1 consensus primer pairs MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6 + to amplify a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes in a single reaction. The HPV positive samples were further genotyped using DNA sequencing. The physical state of the virus was identified using Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT) assay in the samples positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High percentage of HPV (42%) was observed in ovarian carcinoma compared to 8% in the NAT. The high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and 45 were highly associated with the advanced stages of tumor, while low-risk types 6 and 11 were present in NAT. In malignant tissues, HPV-16 was the most predominant genotype followed by HPV-18 and -45. The percentage of viral integration into the host genome was significantly high (61.1%) compared to 38.9% episomal in HPV positive tumors tissues. In HPV18 genotype the percentage of viral integration was 54.5% compared to 45.5% episomal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high risk HPV genotypes in ovarian cancer may indicate its role in ovarian carcinogenesis. The HPV vaccination is highly recommended to reduce this type of cancer.
authors.forename: Othman A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Al-Shabanah
authors.affiliation: Department of pharmacology, College of pharmacy; King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mohhafez_2000@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: Zeinab K
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sayed-Ahmed
authors.forename: Waleed N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Abozeed
authors.forename: Salem S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Al-Rejaie
authors.forename: Abdulmalik A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alsheikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016662:Virus Integration
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers