title: A marine mesocosm study on the environmental fate of silver nanoparticles and toxicity effects on two endobenthic species: the ragworm Hediste diversicolor and the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana.
abstract: Silver nanoparticles are widely used in a range of products and processes for their antibacterial properties, electrical and thermal conductivity. The fate and effects of Ag nanoparticles were examined in two endobenthic species (Scrobicularia plana, Hediste diversicolor), under environmentally realistic conditions in outdoor mesocosms exposed to Ag at 10 μg L(-1) in nanoparticulate (Ag NPs) or soluble salt (AgNO3) forms for 21 days. Labile Ag was determined in water and sediment by using diffusive gradient in thin films. Ag levels were equivalent in contaminated Ag NPs mesocosms to those contaminated with the soluble form. Bioaccumulation of Ag was observed for both species exposed to either Ag in the nanoparticulate or ionic forms. Concerning biomarker responses, both soluble and nanoparticulate Ag forms, induced defenses against oxidative stress, detoxification, apoptosis, genotoxicity and immunomodulation. Nevertheless, DNA damages measured by the comet assay in the digestive gland of S. plana, and Phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities in S. plana and H. diversicolor, respectively, were higher in the presence of Ag NPs compared to soluble Ag suggesting a specific nano effect.
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Emmanuel
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Buffet
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalouk-Vergnoux
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Châtel
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France; ICES, 17 Boulevard des Belges, BP 691 85017 La Roche sur Yon, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berthet
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Métais
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Hanane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perrein-Ettajani
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle, France.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna-Acosta
authors.affiliation: Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomas-Guyon
authors.affiliation: Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, ECOMERS, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Risso-de Faverney
authors.affiliation: Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, ECOMERS, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guibbolini
authors.affiliation: Institute For Health and Consumer Protection European Commission-DG, JRC Via E. FermiI, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilliland
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valsami-Jones
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, MMS, Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France. Electronic address: catherine.mouneyrac@uco.fr.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mouneyrac
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011077:Polychaeta; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver
keywords: Ag nanoparticle; Biomarkers; DNA damage; Hediste diversicolor; Mesocosm; Scrobicularia plana