title: Pro-surfactant protein B as a biomarker for lung cancer prediction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preliminary studies have identified pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) to be a promising blood biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer. We conducted a study to determine the independent predictive potential of pro-SFTPB in identifying individuals who are subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2,485 individuals, who enrolled onto the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study by using plasma sample collected at the baseline visit. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the predictive ability of pro-SFTPB in addition to known lung cancer risk factors. Calibration and discrimination were evaluated, the latter by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). External validation was performed with samples collected in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) participants using a case-control study design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, personal history of cancer, family history of lung cancer, forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking duration, pro-SFTPB (log transformed) had an odds ratio of 2.220 (95% CI, 1.727 to 2.853; P < .001). The AUCs of the full model with and without pro-SFTPB were 0.741 (95% CI, 0.696 to 0.783) and 0.669 (95% CI, 0.620 to 0.717; difference in AUC P < .001). In the CARET Study, the use of pro-SFPTB yielded an AUC of 0.683 (95% CI, 0.604 to 0.761).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pro-SFTPB in plasma is an independent predictor of lung cancer and may be a valuable addition to existing lung cancer risk prediction models.
authors.affiliation: Don D. Sin, Stephen Lam, and Anthony Tam, University of British Columbia; Don D. Sin and Anthony Tam, Institute of Heart and Lung Health, James Hogg Research Center, St. Paul's Hospital; Stephen Lam and Xiaobo Duan, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; C. Martin Tammemagi, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Matt J. Barnett, Ziding Feng, and Gary E. Goodman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Heidi Auman, Canary Foundation, Palo Alto, CA; and Ziding Feng, Samir Hanash, and Ayumu Taguchi, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Don D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.forename: C Martin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tammemagi
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Matt J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Auman
authors.forename: Ziding
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanash
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002170:Canada; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011498:Protein Precursors; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; C586477:SFTPB protein, human; D019207:beta Carotene