title: A look at the potential association between PICOT framing of a research question and the quality of reporting of analgesia RCTs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methodologists have proposed the formation of a good research question to initiate the process of developing a research protocol that will guide the design, conduct and analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and help improve the quality of reporting such studies. Five constituents of a good research question based on the PICOT framing include: Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Time-frame of outcome assessment. The aim of this study was to analyze if the presence a structured research question, in PICOT format, in RCTs used within a 2010 meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of femoral nerve blocks after total knee arthroplasty, is independently associated with improved quality of reporting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three RCT reports were assessed for the quality of reporting and then examined for the presence of the five constituents of a structured research question based on PICOT framing. We created a PICOT score (predictor variable), with a possible score between 0 and 5; one point for every constituent that was included. Our outcome variable was a 14 point overall reporting quality score (OQRS) and a 3 point key methodological items score (KMIS) based on the proper reporting of allocation concealment, blinding and numbers analysed using the intention-to-treat principle. Both scores, OQRS and KMIS, are based on the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement. A multivariable regression analysis was conducted to determine if PICOT score was independently associated with OQRS and KMIS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A completely structured PICOT score question was found in 2 of the 23 RCTs evaluated. Although not statistically significant, higher PICOT was associated with higher OQRS [IRR: 1.267; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.984, 1.630; p = 0.066] but not KMIS (1.061 (0.515, 2.188); 0.872). These results are comparable to those from a similar study in terms of the direction and range of IRRs estimates. The results need to be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that PICOT framing of a research question in anesthesia-related RCTs is not often followed. Even though a statistically significant association with higher OQRS was not found, PICOT framing of a research question is still an important attribute within all RCTs.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borg Debono
authors.forename: Shiyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chenglin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hurlburt
authors.forename: Yamini
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. thabanl@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Lehana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thabane