title: Cardiac findings in congenital nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a severe debilitating problem associated with extra renal manifestation such as diverse cardiac findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  During four years, 6 cases diagnosed as congenital nephritic syndrome in base of definitive criteria their documents reviewed and echocardiographic evaluation has been done for all with or without cardiac sign or symptoms, results gathered and expressed as incidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases have some grades of structural or functional defects from simple form like as tricuspid regurgitation to complex defects. It may be run in consecutively in siblings of a family from non consanguine parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary stenosis may occur in all parts subvalvualr, valvular and peripheral parts of pulmonary artery, left ventricular hypertrophy and mitral regurgitation observed in some, moderate tricuspid regurgitation observed in half of cases due to pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular hypertrophy due to pulmonary stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malaki
authors.forename: Shamsi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.forename: Bahaman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rastkar
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldust
authors.forename: Pouya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malaki
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahar
keywords: Heart; Nephrotic Syndrome; Pulmonary Stenosis