title: MDCT evaluation of ureteral tumors: advantages of 3D reconstruction and volume visualization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews the use of CT urography in diagnosing ureteral transitional cell carcinomas, different CT urography protocols, CT findings suggestive of ureteral malignancy, and the importance of 3D reconstructions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ureters can be problematic to evaluate on CT, partly because of difficulties in obtaining adequate ureteral distention and opacification. Proper diagnosis hinges not only on appropriate interpretation of the axial images but also on the utilization of a 3D technique (volume rendering or maximum intensity projection) as an ancillary tool.
authors.affiliation: 1 All authors: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, JHOC 3251, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287.
authors.forename: Siva P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Elliot K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media