title: New and emerging immune-targeted drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease with a major inflammatory component that constitutes the most common progressive and disabling neurological condition in young adults. Injectable immunomodulatory medicines such as interferon drugs and glatiramer acetate have dominated the MS market for over the past two decades but this situation is set to change. This is because of: (i) patent expirations, (ii) the introduction of natalizumab, which targets the interaction between leukocytes and the blood-CNS barrier, (iii) the launch of three oral immunomodulatory drugs (fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide), with another (laquinimod) under regulatory review and (iv) a number of immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (alemtuzumab, daclizumab and ocrelizumab) about to enter the market. Current and emerging medicines are reviewed and their impact on people with MS considered.
authors.affiliation: MS Therapeutics Ltd, Crowthorne, Berks, RG45 7AW, UK; Department of Research and Enterprise Development, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: clinical trials; disease-modifying drugs; drug development; immunomodulatory drugs; monoclonal antibodies; neuroinflammation