title: Can a structured questionnaire identify patients with reduced renal function?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a structured questionnaire in identifying outpatients with renal dysfunction before MRI or CT in various age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients completed a questionnaire with five risk factors indicating renal dysfunction: renal disease, renal surgery, hypertension, gout and diabetes. Serum creatinine determined by the point-of-care (POC) technique and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate was calculated using CKD-EPI equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,467 patients were enrolled. Thirty-four patients (2%) had an eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and 123 (8%) had an eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Among 55% of the 1,467 patients reporting at least one risk factor, 30 (4%) had an eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and 105 (13%) had an eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Among 651 patients not reporting a risk factor, 4 (0.6%) had an eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and 18 (3%) had an eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m(2). All four patients were >70 years old, and 12 of the 18 patients were >70 years old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaire used in patients <70 years old and determination of eGFR in patients >70 years old identified all patients with an eGFR between 30 and 45 ml/min/1.73 m(2) except 0.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • A questionnaire can adequately identify patients under 70 with renal dysfunction • 8% of patients referred to CT/MRI have an eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m (2) • 55% reported risk factors, but renal dysfunction was only found in 13% • Patients over 70 years should have eGFR determined before CT • eGFR determination is not beneficial when stable MRI agents are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology 54E2, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark, manalazzouz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azzouz
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rømsing
authors.forename: Henrik S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000009:adverse effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*