title: Development of standard operating procedures of Habbe Shifa: A polyherbal Unani formulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unani medicines are being used since antiquity. However, in spite of their efficacy, they have been widely criticized due to lack of standardization and poor quality presentation. For this reason, application of good manufacturing practices and development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) in the manufacture of herbal medicines became an essential tool to assure their quality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Therefore, the objective of the study was to develop the SOP of Habbe Shifa (HS) regarding the particle size (PS), binder, temperature of drying, and duration of drying.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 24 batches of HS were prepared according to the instructions given in formulary to develop SOP. Three particle sizes (i.e., 80, 100, and 120 No. Mesh sieve), were taken for preparation of pills. Water and Samaghe Arabi (Gum Acacia mucilage [GAM]) were used as binder for preparing the lubdi (mass) in different batches. Different temperature and duration of drying were used to dry the pills in hot air oven to get satisfactory results. All the batches were assessed three times for hardness, friability, and disintegration time and mean regarded as standard parameter value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The batch with 150 μm PS (100 mesh sieve), 5% w/w GAM used as a binder, dried at 90°C for 120 min showed hardness 3.50 ± 0.00 kg/cm, friability 0.02 ± 0.003%, and disintegration time 25.00 ± 0.57 min, which showed most appropriate result among all batches and considered as final batch. Its SOP may be used for future reference which can help in setting up regulatory limit to assure the quality of Unani medicines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ilmul Saidla (Unani Pharmacy), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Asira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarannum
authors.forename: Shariq
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shamsi
authors.forename: Roohi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaman
keywords: Binder; duration of drying; particle size; standard operating procedures; temperature of drying