title: Drug allergy in tertiary care in Turkey: results of a national survey. The ADAPT study: adult drug allergy perception in Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No data are available on the incidence of drug hypersensitivity (DH) reactions in outpatient settings of tertiary allergy/immunology clinics. Our aims were to document the frequency of outpatient hospital admissions due to DH reactions to allergy/immunology clinics in adults and the management of these reactions in real life. We also investigated whether drug allergy affected social and medical behaviours of the patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multi-centre study was performed for one year with the participation of 11 out of 16 tertiary allergy/clinical immunology clinics in Turkey. The study group consisted of the patients with DH reactions. Results of a questionnaire including drug reactions and management were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 54,863 patients, 1000 patients with DH were enrolled with a median of 2.1% of all admissions. In real life conditions, the majority of approaches were performed for finding safe alternatives (65.5%; 1102 out of 1683) with 11.7% positivity. Diagnostic procedures were positive in 27% (154/581) of the patients. The majority of the patients had higher VAS scores for anxiety. A total of 250 subjects (25%) reported that they delayed some medical procedures because of DH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results documented the frequency of admissions due to DH reactions to allergy/clinical immunology clinics for the first time. Although physicians mostly preferred to perform drug tests in order to find safe alternatives, considering the fact that DH was confirmed in 27% of the patients, use of diagnostic tests should be encouraged, if no contraindication exists in order to avoid mislabelling patients as DH.
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Cebeci Research Hospital, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Turkey. Electronic address: gulfemcelik@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Disease, Adult Allergy Unit, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karakaya
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Disease, Adult Allergy Unit, Turkey.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Öztürk
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelincik
authors.affiliation: Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abadoğlu
authors.affiliation: Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Disease, Adult Allergy Unit, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damadoğlu
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Cebeci Research Hospital, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: İ
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demirtürk
authors.affiliation: Ataturk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Cebeci Research Hospital, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.affiliation: Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Çelikel
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Değirmenci
authors.affiliation: Fatih University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Göksel
authors.affiliation: Ataturk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: F Ö
authors.initials: FÖ
authors.lastname: Erkekol
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Cebeci Research Hospital, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ö
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Turkey.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kavut
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kırmaz
authors.affiliation: Kırıkkale University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalpaklıoğlu
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Turkey.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Büyüköztürk
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Disease, Adult Allergy Unit, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalyoncu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006782:Hospitals, Special / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010465:Perception; D063128:Tertiary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014421:Turkey; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D047090:beta-Lactams
keywords: Drug allergy; Drug hypersensitivity; Drug provocation tests; Epidemiology; Guidelines; Skin prick tests