title: Effects of short-term resistance training and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone metabolism and joint function in severe haemophilia A patients with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of short-term resistance training and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone metabolism and joint function in patients with haemophilia with osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled, patient and blood sample assessor-blinded, six-week trial, three times weekly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital outpatients with severe haemophilia A and osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT, n = 13), combined resistance training with pulsed electromagnetic fields (RTPEMF, n = 12), pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF, n = 11) and control (n = 12) groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RT group received 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and placebo pulsed electromagnetic fields. The RTPEMF group received the same exercises with lower repetition and 30 minutes of pulsed electromagnetic fields. The PEMF group was exposed to 60 minutes of pulsed electromagnetic fields (30 Hz and 40 Gauss).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, and joint function, using the modified Colorado Questionnaire, were measured before and after the programme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The absolute change of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significant in the RT and RTPEMF groups compared with the control group (25.41 ± 14.40, 15.09 ± 5.51, and -4.73 ± 2.93 U/L, respectively). The absolute changes in the total score for joint function were significant for knees, ankles, and elbows in the RT group (9.2 ± 1.38, 5.1 ± 0.5, and 3.2 ± 0.8, respectively) and the RTPEMF group (7.7 ± 1.0, 3.3 ± 0.6, and 2.5 ± 0.7, respectively) compared to the PEMF and control groups. This value was significant for knee joints in the PEMF group compared to the control group (3.4 ± 0.5 and 0.66 ± 0.4, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance training is effective for improving bone formation and joint function in severe haemophilia A patients with osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: 1Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrouz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parhampour
authors.forename: Giti
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torkaman
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoorfar
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedayati
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravanbod
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BALP; Haemophilia A; NTX; modified Colorado Questionnaire; osteoporosis; pulsed electromagnetic fields; resistance exercise