title: The impact of problem-solving feedback on team-based learning case responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the amount and type of feedback needed to improve pharmacy students' problem-solving skills using team-based learning (TBL) and a problem-solving rubric.
  
  
  METHODS
  A problem-solving rubric was developed to assess the ability of pharmacy students' to prioritize, organize, and defend the best and alternative options on TBL cases The study involved 3 groups of pharmacy students: second-year students in a cardiology class who received no feedback (control group), third-year students in an endocrinology class who received written feedback only, and third-year students in an endocrinology class who received written and verbal feedback. Students worked in groups on all TBL cases except the first and last one (beginning and end of course), which students completed independently as it served as a pretest and posttest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements were seen in the ability of the third-year students who received verbal and written feedback to prioritize the information presented in the case and in their total score on the problem-solving rubric.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing pharmacy students with written and verbal explanations may help them improve their problem-solving skills overall. During verbal feedback, faculty members can provide more examples of how to improve and can field questions if needed.
authors.affiliation: The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Tamra S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Davis-Maxwell
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005178:Faculty; D005246:Feedback; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D011340:Problem Solving; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D013339:Students, Pharmacy
keywords: assessment; feedback; problem-solving; rubrics; team-based learning