title: Cerium chloride reduces enamel lesion initiation and progression in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determination of the potential of cerium chloride to reduce artificial carious mineral loss and lesion depth progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 enamel samples were prepared from 40 bovine lower central incisors. Crowns were sectioned into four pieces, embedded in acrylic resin, ground flat and allocated to eight groups (S1-S4 and D1-D4; n = 20). Specimens of groups D1-D4 were stored (for 7 days) in a demineralizing buffer solution to induce caries-like lesions. Afterwards, samples were treated for 30 s with one of the following solutions: placebo (S1 and D1), amine fluoride (S2 and D2), cerium chloride (S3 and D3) and a combination of fluoride and cerium chloride (S4 and D4). After another 7 (D1-D4) or 14 (S1-S4) days in demineralizing buffer solution, integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were determined by transversal microradiography and compared by Scheffé's post hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In groups S1-S4, the highest values for integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were observed for group S1 (placebo), the lowest values for group S4. The results in groups S2-S4 were not significantly different. In groups D1-D4, the highest values for integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were observed for group D1 (placebo), the lowest values in groups D3 and D4. In group D2, integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were significantly lower as compared to D1, but significantly higher compared to groups D3 and D4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerium chloride and its combination with fluoride are able to significantly reduce carious mineral loss and the progression of lesion depth.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Wegehaupt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buchalla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003959:Diamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010919:Placebos; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003959:Diamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008903:Minerals; D010919:Placebos; D002563:Cerium; C495399:Olaflur; D005459:Fluorides; C026690:cerous chloride