title: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding remains a commonly encountered diagnosis for acute care surgeons. Initial stabilization and resuscitation of patients is imperative. Stable patients can have initiation of medical therapy and localization of the bleeding, whereas persistently unstable patients require emergent endoscopic or operative intervention. Minimally invasive techniques have surpassed surgery as the treatment of choice for most upper GI bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine (ACCM), Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, 1800 Orleans Street, Suite 6017, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Marcie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feinman
authors.forename: Elliott R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Haut
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006431:Hemobilia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008309:Mallory-Weiss Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D016157:Vascular Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Endoscopy; Gastroesophageal varices; Ulcer disease; Upper gastrointestinal bleeding