title: Effects of predator fecal odors on feed selection by sheep and cattle.
abstract: The effectiveness of predator fecal odors in modifying feeding selection by sheep and cattle was investigated in two trials. In trial 1, animals could select from feed bins contaminated with coyote, fox, cougar, or bear fecal odor, and oil of wintergreen, or select the control feed. All odors were rejected (P<0.01) by sheep and cattle, except bear odors by sheep. In trial 2, animals could select feed during 10-min periods in an open 11-m × 16-m arena. Fecal odor did not influence approaches to feed bins, or head entries into bins. Only coyote fecal odor reduced (P<0.05) the time spent feeding in the contaminated bin, and increased (P<0.05) consumption from the control bin by both cattle and sheep. Some animals on some test days refused to feed from either feed bin, although cattle and sheep closely inspected bins. Results suggest that fecal odors may not prevent livestock from entering a treated area but may reduce the time spent grazing in such an area.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Res. Lab., 8432I, Logan, Utah.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller-Schwarze
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Balph