title: Fanconi anemia patients are more susceptible to infection with tumor virus SV40.
abstract: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive DNA repair disease characterized by a high predisposition to developing neoplasms. DNA tumor polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) transforms FA fibroblasts at high efficiency suggesting that FA patients could be highly susceptible to SV40 infection. To test this hypothesis, the large tumor (LT) antigen of SV40, BKV, JCV and Merkel Cell (MC) polyomaviruses were tested in blood samples from 89 FA patients and from 82 of their parents. Two control groups consisting of 47 no-FA patients affected by other genetic bone marrow failure diseases and 91 healthy subjects were also evaluated. Although JCV, BKV and MC were not found in any of the FA samples, the prevalence and viral load of SV40 were higher in FA patients (25%; mean viral load: 1.1×10(2) copies/10(5)cells) as compared with healthy individuals (4.3%; mean viral load: 0.8×10(1) copies/10(5)cells) and genetic controls (0%) (p<0.005). A marked age-dependent frequency of SV40 was found in FA with respect to healthy subjects suggesting that, although acquired early in life, the virus can widespread more easily in specific groups of population. From the analysis of family pedigrees, 60% of the parents of SV40-positive probands were positive for the virus compared to 2% of the parents of the SV40-negative probands (p<0.005). It is worthy of note that the relative frequency of SV40-positive relatives detected in this study was the highest ever reported, showing that asymptomatic FA carriers are also more susceptible to SV40. In conclusion, we favor the hypothesis that SV40 spread could be facilitated by individuals who are genetically more susceptible to infection, such as FA patients. The increased susceptibility to SV40 infection seems to be associated with a specific defect of the immune system which supports a potential interplay of SV40 with an underlying genetic alteration that increases the risk of malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy ; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Manola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comar
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Rocco
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: Nunzia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zanotta
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bottega
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svahn
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farruggia
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misuraca
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corsolini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savoia
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000472:pathogenicity*