title: Management of cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction.
abstract: The cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) is a key component of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). In dysphagia, cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPD) refers to the muscle's failure to appropriately and completely relax or expand during deglutition. A variety of disease processes may cause CPD, and the resultant clinical manifestation is solid food or solid and liquid dysphagia. Several diagnostic tools are available for dysphagia clinicians to distinguish CPD from other causes of UES dysfunction. For CPD, accurate diagnosis is paramount for the recommendation of appropriate treatment. In appropriately selected patients, intervention at the CPM may yield significant improvement in dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Voice and Swallowing, University of California, Davis, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Maggie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Belafsky
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods; D019468:Disease Management; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Cricopharyngeal muscle; Cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction; Cricopharyngeus muscle; Cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction; Dysphagia; Pharyngoesophageal segment; Upper esophageal sphincter