title: Clonal integration of Fragaria orientalis in reciprocal and coincident patchiness resources: cost-benefit analysis.
abstract: Clonal growth allows plants to spread horizontally and to experience different levels of resources. If ramets remain physiologically integrated, clonal plants can reciprocally translocate resources between ramets in heterogeneous environments. But little is known about the interaction between benefits of clonal integration and patterns of resource heterogeneity in different patches, i.e., coincident patchiness or reciprocal patchiness. We hypothesized that clonal integration will show different effects on ramets in different patches and more benefit to ramets under reciprocal patchiness than to those under coincident patchiness, as well as that the benefit from clonal integration is affected by the position of proximal and distal ramets under reciprocal or coincident patchiness. A pot experiment was conducted with clonal fragments consisting of two interconnected ramets (proximal and distal ramet) of Fragaria orientalis. In the experiment, proximal and distal ramets were grown in high or low availability of resources, i.e., light and water. Resource limitation was applied either simultaneously to both ramets of a clonal fragment (coincident resource limitation) or separately to different ramets of the same clonal fragment (reciprocal resource limitation). Half of the clonal fragments were connected while the other half were severed. From the experiment, clonal fragments growing under coincident resource limitation accumulated more biomass than those under reciprocal resource limitation. Based on a cost-benefit analysis, the support from proximal ramets to distal ramets was stronger than that from distal ramets to proximal ramets. Through division of labour, clonal fragments of F. orientalis benefited more in reciprocal patchiness than in coincident patchiness. While considering biomass accumulation and ramets production, coincident patchiness were more favourable to clonal plant F. orientalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia ; Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yunchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiaoying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018533:Biomass; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D031985:Fragaria / Q000254:growth & development*