title: Chemical characteristics combined with bioactivity for comprehensive evaluation of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in different ages and seasons based on HPLC-DAD and chemometric methods.
abstract: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been known as a valuable traditional Chinese medicines for thousands years of history. Ginsenosides, the main active constituents, exhibit prominent immunoregulation effect. The present study first describes a holistic method based on chemical characteristic and lymphocyte proliferative capacity to evaluate systematically the quality of P. ginseng in thirty samples from different seasons during 2-6 years. The HPLC fingerprints were evaluated using principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The spectrum-efficacy model between HPLC fingerprints and T-lymphocyte proliferative activities was investigated by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS). The results indicated that the growth of the ginsenosides could be grouped into three periods and from August of the fifth year, P. ginseng appeared significant lymphocyte proliferative capacity. Close correlation existed between the spectrum-efficacy relationship and ginsenosides Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2 and Re were the main contributive components to the lymphocyte proliferative capacity. This comprehensive strategy, providing reliable and adequate scientific evidence, could be applied to other TCMs to ameliorate their quality control.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Si-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Guang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: cpu_lykong@126.com.
authors.forename: Ling-Yi
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012621:Seasons; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides
keywords: Chemometric methods; HPLC fingerprints; Lymphocyte proliferative capacity; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer; Spectrum-efficacy relationships