title: Effects of body mass index and adenotonsillar size on snoring sound intensity levels at highest power.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Snoring during sleep is a major clinical symptom of adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy in paediatric patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adenoid and tonsil size on snoring sound frequency and intensity in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy were included the study. Adenoid size was graded from 1+ to 4+ by rigid endoscopy. Patients were staged (I-III) according to body mass index (BMI) and tonsil and adenoid size. Snoring was recorded and analysed. The analysis focused on the highest power frequency (Fmax) and snoring sound intensity levels (SSILs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSIL and Fmax values for Stage III were significantly higher than those for Stages I and II. BMI for Stage III was higher than for Stages I and II, and that for Stage II was higher than for Stage I. The BMI, SSIL, and Fmax values increased at each stage and tonsil/adenoid grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSIL seems to be related to Adenoid and Tonsils size and BMI. As stage increased, both Fmax and SSILs increased proportionally. Also, Fmax values shifted to higher frequencies. Physicians and parents should be aware of snoring, and be informed that a higher frequency and intensity may be related to obesity and/or adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Snoring analysis may be a useful tool for detecting cases of Adenoid and Tonsils hypertrophy and/or upper airway obstruction during sleep.
authors.affiliation: Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Giresun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seren
authors.affiliation: İstanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, ENT Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Turhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: San
authors.affiliation: Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eskisehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
authors.affiliation: Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Kırıkkale, Turkey. Electronic address: nbayarmuluk@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nuray Bayar
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Muluk
authors.affiliation: Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Statistics Department, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kübra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durukan
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013016:Sound; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Adenoid hypertrophy; Body mass index (BMI); Highest power frequency (Fmax); Snoring; Snoring sound intensity level (SSIL); Tonsil hypertrophy