title: Comparison between lornoxicam quick-release and parecoxib for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are valuable for post-operative pain as they reduce the use of opioids. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional NSAIDs can be used. This is a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to study the efficacy and the safety of the oral administration of lornoxicam quick release tablets versus intravenously administered parecoxib for the management of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eight patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II, were randomized to either group A (n = 36): Lornoxicam quick-release 8 mg PO, group B (n = 36): Parecoxib 40 mg intravenous (IV) or group C (n = 36) placebo, for post-operative analgesia, 30 min before the operation and 12 and 24 h post-operatively. All patients received a standard dose of meperidine 1 mg/kg intramuscularly before the incision and post-operatively as rescue analgesia, when visual analog scale (VAS) pain score was <4. Pain at rest and on movement was assessed at 20 min, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post-operatively. Total meperidine administration and adverse events were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly lower VAS pain scores at 20 min, 3, 6, 12 and 18 h at rest or with movement in the lornoxicam quick release and parecoxib groups compared with the placebo group. The number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (meperidine) was significantly higher in the placebo group (P = 0.001). The average dose of meperidine administered was significantly higher in the placebo group, both at 20 min (P = 0.013/0.007) and 24 h (P = 0.037/0.023) post-operatively. VAS scores and meperidine requirements were similar in patients who received lornoxicam or parecoxib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parecoxib 40 mg IV and lornoxicam quick-release 8 mg PO every 12 h are equivalent adjuvant analgesics with a greater efficacy than placebo for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing LC.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department and Pain Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kouroukli
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zompolas
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsekoura
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papazoglou
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louizos
authors.forename: Venetiana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panaretou
keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; lornoxicam; parecoxib; post-operative analgesia