title: Update on neonatal hypoglycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neonatal hypoglycemia is one of the most common biochemical abnormalities encountered in the newborn. However, controversy remains surrounding its definition and management especially in asymptomatic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New information has been published that describes the incidence and timing of low glucose concentrations in the groups most at risk for asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia. Furthermore, one large prospective study failed to find an association between repetitive low glucose concentrations and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. But hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism, especially genetic causes, continued to be associated with brain injury. New advances were made in the diagnosis and management of hyperinsulinism, including acquired hyperinsulinism in small for gestational age infants and others. Continuous glucose monitoring remains an attractive strategy for future research in this area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fundamental question of how best to manage asymptomatic newborns with low glucose concentrations remains unanswered. Balancing the risks of overtreating newborns with low glucose concentrations who are undergoing a normal transition following birth against the risks of undertreating those in whom low glucose concentrations are pathological, dangerous, and/or a harbinger of serious metabolic disease remains a challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rozance
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000517:prevention & control; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004232:Diuretics; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D005947:Glucose; D003981:Diazoxide