title: The role of surgical treatment in the rehabilitation protocols of thoraco-lumbar spine injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rehabilitation is a crucial issue in the management of spinal cord injuries (SCI) but, in these patients, the primary treatment can bias the outcome of recovery protocols.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Purpose of this paper is to review our case load in the treatment of surgical failures and to define the role of surgery in thoraco-lumbar injuries rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2000 and 2009 seventy patients with post-traumatic paraplegia were referred to Surgical Department as rehabilitation was unfeasible due to inadequate spine injury treatment. Forty-six had had surgery, 24 were treated conservatively Twenty-five patients had a thoracic lesion, 9 a lumbar lesion and 36 a lesion of the thoraco-lumbar junction. A total of 44 surgical procedures were performed (by anterior, posterior or anterior-posterior).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On postoperative imaging sagittal alignment was found good in 93% of cases and acceptable in 7%. All patients regained the sitting position within 5 days after surgery. Wound healing problems requiring revision were observed in 4 cases. Major complications were a cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) leakage and a massive pulmonary embolism case in the early post-op.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wrong primary treatment frequently leads to demanding revision procedures with increased risks for the patient and more than double costs for the health care system. Whatever the technique a stable spine is the target in surgery of SCI allowing a quick and effective rehabilitation without external orthosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy. giusbosco@libero.it.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Iure
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonavita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saccavini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mavilla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boriani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult