title: Effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil as antihypotensive agent in primary hypotensive patients and its influence on health-related quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) essential oil effect on primary hypotension and its influence on both physical and psychological aspects responsible for health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with diagnosed hypotension were recruited between March 2007 and September 2008 for a prospective study for 72 weeks in a Spanish pharmacy. Clinical evaluation was carried out through the control of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels (SBP and DBP, respectively) according to the International Standards from the American Society of Hypertension. HRQOL data were recorded within the SF-36 Health Survey(®) questionnaire throughout the study. Statistical methods were used as the essential tools to evaluate the effectiveness of Rosemary essential oil and to assess the relationship between the two quantitative variables (SBP and DBP) and scores from physical and mental summary components (PSC and MSC) obtained from the SF-36 Health Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both blood pressure variables of SBP and DBP reflect the clinically significant antihypotensive effect of Rosemary essential oil that was maintained throughout the treatment period. After validation of the use of the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient>0.82), statistically significant differences have been found between pre-treatment and post-treatment values of PSC and MSC, which indicate an improvement in these parameters that is directly related to the variation in blood pressure values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase achieved in blood pressure values after administration of Rosemary essential oil is clinically significant. The results obtained from this prospective clinical trial prove the effectiveness of statistical methodology as a new approach to explain the antihypotensive effect of rosemary essential oil and its relationship with the improvement in patients' quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: gloriafr@ucm.es.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frutos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D011788:Quality of Life; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire; ANOM; AST; Analysis of means; Aspartate Aminotransferase; BMI; Body Mass Index; CP; CREA; Corporal Pain; Creatinine; DBP; Diastolic Blood Pressure; ER; Emotional Role; Essential oil; FDA; Food and Drug Administration; GH; General Health; HRQOL; Health Related Quality of Life; Hypotension; MH; MSC; Mental Health; Mental Summary Component; PF; PR; PSC; Physical Function; Physical Role; Physical Summary Component; Rosmarinus officinalis; SBP; SF; SF-36; Social Function; Statistical evaluation; Systolic Blood Pressure; V; Vitality; WHO; World Health Organization