title: The potential of electrophoretic sample pretreatment techniques and new instrumentation for bioanalysis, with a focus on peptidomics and metabolomics.
abstract: This Review highlights the potential of new electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques for bioanalysis. Sample pretreatment is a challenging part of the analytical workflow, especially in the fields of peptidomics and metabolomics, where the analytes are very diverse, both in physicochemical properties and in endogenous concentration. Electromigration-based techniques have several strengths, such as fast selective analyte concentration and that complementary information on the content of a sample can be obtained when compared with more conventional (chromatography-based) techniques. In the past decade, various new electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques have been developed, and importantly, new instrumental setups. In this Review, we provide an introduction on electromigration and its strengths. Then, selected examples of electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques and instrumentation are discussed, namely free-flow electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, electrodialysis, electromembrane extraction and electroextraction. Finally, the promising perspectives of electromigration-based sample pretreatment techniques are outlined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petrus W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lindenburg
authors.forename: Rawi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramautar
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hankemeier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002845:Chromatography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*