title: Genetic mutations of avian leukosis virus subgroup J strains extended their host range.
abstract: The genetic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is determined not only by the env gene, but also by its 3' UTR and 3' LTR. They all play important roles in extending the host range and tumour development. In the present study, one ALV-J strain (ZB110604-6) from Black-Bone Silky Fowl (BSF) and three ALV-J strains (ZB110604-3/4/5) from grey partridge (GP), which bore multiple tumours and breed in one house of Farm A, were demonstrated extending their host to GP, while two other ALV-J strains (LC110515-3/4) from BSF of Farm B could not infect the embryo fibroblast of GP. The BSF is a unique species of chicken in China, while the GP is a close relative of the pheasant that previously demonstrated resistance to ALV-J. Histopathology showed that various tumours were induced by ALV-J in the two species. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolates from Farms A and B, rather than species, belong to two different clusters of ALV-J. Genetic mutations analysis revealed that the isolates obtained from Farm A showed a higher frequency of mutation in the hypervariable region 2 domain than in other variable regions of the gp85 gene. From the nucleotide alignment of the 3' UTR and 3' LTR gene, and the spectrum of tumours observed in this study, we speculate that the deletions or mutations in the redundant transmembrane region, E element and U3 (CAAT boxes, CArG box and Y box) might associate with tumour formation and development. The extension of the host range of ALV-J to the GP suggested that housing different species together provides more opportunities for ALV-J to evolve rapidly.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Vocation College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wei Fang 261061, PR China.
authors.forename: Menglian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Vocation College of Bioengineering, Xu Zhou 221006, PR China.
authors.forename: Shanhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Guihua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
authors.forename: Ziqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001353:Avian Leukosis / Q000821:virology*; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D046094:Galliformes; D058507:Host Specificity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins