title: [Etiologic and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the first episode of febrile urinary tract infection].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection in childhood; its diagnosis involves performing a urine culture.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the etiology and bacterial susceptibility of the first episode of UTI in children presenting with fever to the emergency room.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five children (2 months -5 years old) seen at the Hospital Dr. Sotero del Rio in Santiago, between November 2009 and November 2010 were evaluated. A urine specimen was obtained by transurethral catheterization. Urine was cultured and microorganisms were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  76.2% (80) of patients were women and 80% (84) were under 18 months. Urine sediment was abnormal in 82.5%. The most frequently isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli (96.1%) showing high susceptibility to aminoglycosides (near 100%), third generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin; and low susceptibility to cephalothin (69%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (66%). We found one ESBL-producing strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common uropathogen was E. coli with good in vitro susceptibility to aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins, which are the recommended initial empirical therapy. E. coli ESBL-producing strains appear as emerging pathogens in community acquired UTIs in children.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallegos
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Márquez
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Anamaría
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents