title: Influence of temperature and pH on the degradation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in aqueous medium: comparative cytotoxicity of DON and degraded product.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxic fungal metabolite, is stable under different processing conditions; however, its stability in aqueous medium at different temperatures and low pH (1-2) (present in the gastrointestinal tract) has not been investigated. In the present study, DON standard was used to study the influence of temperature and pH on DON stability in aqueous medium, the characterisation of the degraded product, and the comparative toxicity profile of the degraded and the parent compound. The results suggest that standard DON was unstable at 125-250°C showing 16-100% degradation whereas DON at pH 1-3 had 30-66% degradation, with a concomitant increase in the formation of a degraded product. Further ESI-MS characterisation of the dominant precursor ion of the HPLC eluate of the DON-degraded product was found to be m/z 279, resembling the known metabolite DOM-1. The degraded product of DON was reconfirmed as DOM-1 by comparison with standard DOM-1 and both gave a similar λmax at 208 nm. Comparative studies of both standard DOM-1 and the degraded product of DON showed no cytotoxicity up to 6400 ng ml(-1) while significant cytotoxicity was observed for DON (400 ng ml(-1)). The results suggest that a highly acidic environment (pH 1-2) could be responsible for the de-epoxydation of DON leading to the formation of DOM-1.
authors.affiliation: a Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Lucknow 226 001 , India.
authors.forename: Sakshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Sumita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: Premendra D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Haushila P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Mukul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013696:Temperature; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; D014867:Water; C048238:deepoxy-deoxynivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol