title: Relationship between maternal fasting glucose levels at 4-12 gestational weeks and offspring growth and development in early infancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of maternal fasting glucose levels at 4-12 gestational weeks with anthropometry in the offspring from birth to 12 months in Tianjin, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 57,454 pregnant women underwent a fasting glucose test during the first trimester, and their children had body weight/length measured from birth to 12 months of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal fasting glucose concentrations at 4-12 gestational weeks were positively associated with Z scores for birth weight, birth length, birth weight for length, and birth body mass index (BMI). Infants born to mothers with fasting glucose concentrations ≥126mg/dL (7.0mmol/l) had had the highest mean Z scores for birth weight, birth length, birth weight for length and birth BMI for gestational age, and the lowest mean Z scores for weight and length for age at months 3, 6, 9, and 12, the smallest changes in Z scores for weight for age, weight for length, and BMI for age from birth to month 3, and largest changes in Z scores for weight for age, and BMI for age after 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher maternal fasting glucose during pregnancy was associated with larger birth weight and birth length, less weight gain and length gain in the first 3 months of life, and more weight gain in months 6-12 of life.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Enqing
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Baojuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002681:China; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Growth and development; Hyperglycemia; Infant; Pregnancy