title: Orientation of bark beetlesPityogenes chalcographus andIps typographus to pheromonebaited puddle traps placed in grids: A new trap for control of scolytids.
abstract: A puddle trap was designed that is simple to build and efficient in catching bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The trap is insensitive to wind and should be much easier to manufacture than the more complicated perforated pipe and barrier traps commercially available. A 7 × 7 grid of 49 puddle traps baited with aggregation pheromone components ofPityogenes chalcographus (chalcogran and methyl decadienoate) was placed at either 1.5-, 3-, 6-, or 12-m spacing between traps in the field for two or more replicates of one day length (June 1989, Torsby, Sweden). The resulting catches showed that beetles were trapped as they flew into the grid since the inner square-ring of 24 traps caught less beetles per trap than the outer square-ring trap average (36 traps) in most experiments.Ips typographus also landed in puddle traps primarily on the periphery of the grid (6-m spacing only) when traps were baited with its pheromone components, (S)-cis-verbenol and methyl butenol. Computer simulation of flying bark beetles in grids of traps of various spacings and catch radii estimated that the experimental pheromone traps had an effective catch radius of 1.3 m or less forP. chalcographus, depending on the spacing between traps. An effective catch radius of 2 m forI. typographus was found for the 6-m grid spacing.P. chalcographus beetles were increasingly disrupted in their orientation to pheromone at the closer trap spacings since the effective catch radius declined linearly with closer trap spacing. However, landing was still precise since unbaited puddle traps within the grid did not catch any bark beetles.
authors.affiliation: Pheromone Research Group Department of Ecology, Animal Ecology Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Byers