title: Seronegative spondyloarthropathies: what radiologists should know.
abstract: Inflammatory involvement of the spine and sacroiliac joints is the most peculiar feature of seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA), which include ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome), enteropathic spondylitis (related to inflammatory bowel diseases) and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies. SAPHO syndrome may also be considered a SpA, but there is no clear agreement in this respect. Imaging, along with clinical and laboratory evaluation, is an important tool to reach a correct diagnosis and to provide a precise grading of disease progression, influencing both clinical management and therapy. Conventional radiography, which is often the first-step imaging modality in SpA, does not allow an early diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrates with a very high spatial resolution the tiny structural alterations of cortical and spongy bone before they become evident on plain film radiographs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the only modality that provides demonstration of bone marrow oedema, which reflects vasodilatation and inflammatory hyperaemia. The primary aim of this review article was to examine the involvement of the spine and sacroiliac joints in SpA using a multimodal radiological approach (radiography, CT, MRI), providing a practical guide for the differential diagnosis of these conditions.
authors.affiliation: S.C. di Radiodiagnostica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy, francesco.paparo@galliera.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paparo
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Revelli
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semprini
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camellino
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garlaschi
authors.forename: Marco Amedeo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.forename: Gian Andrea
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rollandi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leone
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D025242:Spondylarthropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*