title: Transient leukemia in a newborn without Down syndrome: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Transient neonatal leukemia occurs almost exclusively in Down syndrome babies. We report here the unusual case of a newborn without Down syndrome who presented neonatal transient leukemia and who achieved spontaneously complete remission. Trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutation were both present in leukemic cells. While close follow-up is advised since true leukemia may develop later, the patient is still in remission for 2.5 years. We performed a literature review of 15 other similar cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case of transient leukemia without Down syndrome and the literature review highlight the important role of trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutation in the development of transient neonatal leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hematology and Haemostasis, CHU-Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium, laurence.rozen@chu-brugmann.be.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rozen
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huybrechts
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dedeken
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heijmans
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dessars
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Denis F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Noubouossie
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferster
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demulder
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007955:Leukemoid Reaction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; C494688:GATA1 protein, human; D004247:DNA