title: Genetic determinants of virulence - Candida parapsilosis.
abstract: The global epidemiology of fungal infections is changing. While overall, Candida albicans remains the most common pathogen; several institutions in Europe, Asia and South America have reported the rapid emergence to predominance of Candida parapsilosis. This mini-review examines the impact of gene deletions achieved in C. parapsilosis that have been published to date. The molecular approaches to gene disruption in C. parapsilosis and the molecularly characterized genes to date are reviewed. Similar to C. albicans, factors influencing virulence in C. parapsilosis include adherence, biofilm formation, lipid metabolism, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases, phospholipases and secreted aspartyl proteinases. Development of a targeted gene deletion method has enabled the identification of several unique aspects of C. parapsilosis genes that play a role in host-pathogen interactions - CpLIP1, CpLIP2, SAPP1a, SAPP1b, BCR1, RBT1, CpFAS2, OLE1, FIT-2. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Kumara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singaravelu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gácser
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: josh.nosanchuk@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nosanchuk
mesh_terms: D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms; D002175:Candida / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D008049:Lipase; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases
keywords: Alteración génica; Biofilm; Biopelícula; Biosíntesis de ácidos grasos; Candida parapsilosis; Fatty acid biosynthesis; Fosfolipasa; Gene disruption; Lipasa; Lipase; Phospholipase; Secreción de aspartilproteinasas; Secreted aspartyl proteinases; Virulence; Virulencia