title: Survival prognosis after the start of a renal replacement therapy in the Netherlands: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no single model available to predict the long term survival for patients starting renal replacement therapy (RRT). The available models either predict survival on dialysis until transplantation, survival on the transplant waiting list, or survival after transplantation. The aim of this study was to develop a model that includes dialysis survival and survival after an eventual transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Dutch renal replacement registry, patients of 16 years of age or older were included if they started RRT between 1995 and 2005, still underwent RRT at baseline (90 days after the start of RRT) and were not registered at a non-renal organ transplant waiting list (N = 13868). A prediction model of 10-year patient survival after baseline was developed through multivariate Cox regression analysis, in one half of the research group. Age at start, sex, primary renal disease (PRD) and therapy at baseline were included as possible predictors. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to determine whether listing on the transplant waiting list should be added. The predictive performance of the model was internally validated. Calibration and discrimination were computed in the other half of the research group. Another sensitivity analysis was to assess whether the outcomes differed if the model was developed and tested in two geographical regions, which were less similar than the original development and validation group. No external validation has been performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival probabilities were influenced by age, sex, PRD and therapy at baseline (p < 0.001). The calibration and discrimination both showed very reasonable results for the prediction model (C-index = 0.720 and calibration slope for the prognostic index = 1.025, for the 10 year survival). Adding registration on the waiting list for renal transplantation as a predictor did not improve the discriminative power of the model and was therefore not included in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the presented prediction model, it is possible to give a reasonably accurate estimation on the survival chances of patients who start with RRT, using a limited set of easily available data.
authors.affiliation: Organ Centre, Dutch Transplant Foundation, Leiden, the Netherlands. a.hemke@transplantatiestichting.nl.
authors.forename: Aline C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hemke
authors.forename: Martin B A
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Heemskerk
authors.forename: Merel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Diepen
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weimar
authors.forename: Friedo W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Andries J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hoitsma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult