title: Copper-64-alloyed gold nanoparticles for cancer imaging: improved radiolabel stability and diagnostic accuracy.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles, especially positron-emitter- labeled gold nanostructures, have gained steadily increasing attention in biomedical applications. Of the radionuclides used for nanoparticle positron emission tomography imaging, radiometals such as (64) Cu have been widely employed. Currently, radiolabeling through macrocyclic chelators is the most commonly used strategy. However, the radiolabel stability may be a limiting factor for further translational research. We report the integration of (64) Cu into the structures of gold nanoparticles. With this approach, the specific radioactivity of the alloyed gold nanoparticles could be freely and precisely controlled by the addition of the precursor (64) CuCl2 to afford sensitive detection. The direct incorporation of (64) Cu into the lattice of the gold nanoparticle structure ensured the radiolabel stability for accurate localization in vivo. The superior pharmacokinetic and positron emission tomography imaging capabilities demonstrate high passive tumor targeting and contrast ratios in a mouse breast cancer model, as well as the great potential of this unique alloyed nanostructure for preclinical and translational imaging.
authors.affiliation: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI 63110 (USA).
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Detering
authors.forename: Sangho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Guorong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wooley
authors.forename: Yongjian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011854:Radiochemistry; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D006046:Gold
keywords: copper; gold; nanostructures; positron emission tomography; radiochemistry