title: Alternative carriers in dry powder inhaler formulations.
abstract: The aerosolization efficiency of a powder is highly dependent on carrier characteristics, such as particle size distribution, shape and surface properties. The main objective in the inhalation field is to achieve a high and reproducible pulmonary deposition. This can be provided by successful carrier selection and careful process optimization for carrier modification. Lactose is the most common and frequently used carrier in dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. But lactose shows some limitations in formulation with certain drugs and peptides that prohibit its usage as a carrier in DPI formulations. Here, we criticality review the most important alternative carriers to lactose with merits, demerits and applications in DPI formulations.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center and Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rahimpour
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kouhsoltani
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: hamishehkar.hamed@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamishehkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D058995:Dry Powder Inhalers / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008353:Mannitol; D013012:Sorbitol