title: Time-frequency analysis of band-limited EEG with BMFLC and Kalman filter for BCI applications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Time-Frequency analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) during different mental tasks received significant attention. As EEG is non-stationary, time-frequency analysis is essential to analyze brain states during different mental tasks. Further, the time-frequency information of EEG signal can be used as a feature for classification in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  To accurately model the EEG, band-limited multiple Fourier linear combiner (BMFLC), a linear combination of truncated multiple Fourier series models is employed. A state-space model for BMFLC in combination with Kalman filter/smoother is developed to obtain accurate adaptive estimation. By virtue of construction, BMFLC with Kalman filter/smoother provides accurate time-frequency decomposition of the bandlimited signal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed method is computationally fast and is suitable for real-time BCI applications. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, a comparison with short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for both synthesized and real EEG data is performed in this paper. The proposed method is applied to BCI Competition data IV for ERD detection in comparison with existing methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show that the proposed algorithm can provide optimal time-frequency resolution as compared to STFT and CWT. For ERD detection, BMFLC-KF outperforms STFT and BMFLC-KS in real-time applicability with low computational requirement.
authors.affiliation: College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sanyuk-dong, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea. veluvolu@ee.knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kalyana C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Veluvolu
authors.forename: Minho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D058067:Wavelet Analysis