title: [Physiopathology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a 2014 update].
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematous is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the inflammation of several tissues and the production of auto-antibodies directed against nuclear antigens. Complex genetic disorders and environmental factors are at the origin of the disease but the precise cause of the auto-immune process is still unknown. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved. Apoptosis seems to be the main source of auto-antigens. The interactions between apoptotic cells, dendritic cells and lymphocytes activate the production of pathogenic antibodies and T lymphocytes. Amplification loops sustain the auto-immune process and the chronic inflammation. Several data point out B-lymphocytes and several cytokines involved in their homeostasis as new promising therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne 2, Centre national de référence lupus systémique et syndrome des anti-phospholipides, groupement hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651 Paris, France; Inserm, UMR-S 945, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, université Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address: alexis.mathian@psl.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathian
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne 2, Centre national de référence lupus systémique et syndrome des anti-phospholipides, groupement hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651 Paris, France; Inserm, UMR-S 945, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, université Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne 2, Centre national de référence lupus systémique et syndrome des anti-phospholipides, groupement hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47-83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75651 Paris, France; Inserm, UMR-S 945, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, université Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amoura
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: B-lymphocyte; BLys; Etiopathogenesis; Interféron-α; Lupus érythémateux systémique; Lymphocyte B; Physiopathologie; Systemic lupus erythematosus; α-interferon