title: Mental health and psychological support in UK armed forces personnel deployed to Afghanistan in 2010 and 2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most accounts of deployment mental health in UK armed forces personnel rely on retrospective assessments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We present data relating to the burden of mental ill health and the effect of support measures including operational, family, welfare and medical support obtained on two occasions some 18 months apart.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2794 personnel completed a survey while deployed to Afghanistan; 1363 in 2011 and 1431 in 2010. Their responses were compared and contrasted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of self-report mental health disorder was low and not significantly different between the surveys; the rates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 2.8% in 2010 and 1.8% in 2011; for common mental health disorders the rates were 17.0% and 16.0% respectively. Remembering receiving predeployment psychoeducation, perceptions of good leadership and good family support were all significantly associated with better mental health. Seeking support from non-medical sources and reporting sick for medical reasons were both significantly associated with poorer mental health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over a period of 18 months, deployment mental health symptoms in UK armed forces personnel were fewer than those obtained from a military population sample despite continuing deployment in a high-threat context and were associated with perceptions of support.
authors.affiliation: Norman Jones, MSc, Paul Mitchell, MSc, John Clack, MSc, Mohammed Fertout, MSc, Nicola T. Fear, DPhil(Oxon), Simon Wessely, FMedSci, Neil Greenberg, MD, King's Centre for Military Health and Academic Centre for Defence Mental Health, Academic Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clack
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fertout
authors.forename: Nicola T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Fear
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000346:Afghanistan; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005190:Family; D006266:Health Education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009013:Morale; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology