title: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of ciprofloxacin liposomes for pulmonary administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the ciprofloxacin liposome of high encapsulation efficiency with optimal physical properties for pulmonary administration and to test its in-vivo potential in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ciprofloxacin-loaded liposome was prepared by gradient of ammonium sulfate method. The particle size and morphology were determined using a NANOPHOX particle size analyzer and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was calculated by UV spectrophotometry. Ciprofloxacin liposome released in vitro was performed using simulated lung fluid. In-vivo studies, pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution, HPLC method was established to determine the concentration of ciprofloxacin in rat plasma and lung tissue. The pulmonary pathological section was used to observe the change of pulmonary pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimized ciprofloxacin liposome, which had a high encapsulation efficiency of 93.96%, and an average particle size of 349.6 nm with a span of 0.42, showed sustained in-vitro release. The optimized ciprofloxacin liposome was further examined in the in-vivo study in rats. The concentration of ciprofloxacin in lung and blood was simultaneously determined in each rat. The ratio of the AUClung value between ciprofloxacin liposome and ciprofloxacin solution was 288.33, whereas the relative bioavailability was 72.42%, and the drug targeting efficiency of ciprofloxacin liposome and ciprofloxacin solution by intratracheal administration were 799.71 and 2.01, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ciprofloxacin liposome for pulmonary administration offered an attractive alternative that was able to deliver high concentrations of antibiotic directly to the chosen target site while minimizing the local irritation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Hebei Province , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China .
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Qingyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xiaoxing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008081:Liposomes; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014132:Trachea
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Ciprofloxacin liposome; pharmacokinetics; pulmonary administration; pulmonary distribution; pulmonary irritation; release in vitro