title: Aldosterone's mechanism of action: roles of lysine-specific demethylase 1, caveolin and striatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aldosterone's functions and mechanisms of action are different depending on the tissue and the environmental condition. The mineralocorticoid receptor is present in tissues beyond epithelial cells, including the heart and vessels. Furthermore, aldosterone has direct adverse effects by both genomic and rapid/nongenomic actions not only through a nuclear receptor but also through caveolae-mediated intracellular events. Also, multiple environmental-genetic interactions play an important role in salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) and aldosterone modulation. These findings have reshaped our vision of aldosterone's role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. This review describes new mediators of aldosterone's mechanisms of action: lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), caveolin 1 (cav-1) and striatin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LSD1, an epigenetic regulator, is involved in the pathogenesis of SSH in both humans and rodents. In addition, cav-1, the main component of caveolae, plays a substantial role in mediating aldosterone pathways of SSH. The mineralocorticoid receptor interacts with cav-1 and is modulated by sodium intake. Finally, striatin, a scaffolding protein, mediates a novel interaction between signalling molecules and mineralocorticoid receptor's rapid effects in the cardiovascular system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial progress in aldosterone's functions and mechanisms of action should facilitate the study of cardiovascular diseases and the role of sodium intake in aldosterone-induced damage.
authors.affiliation: aDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, Massachusetts, USA bDepartment of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baudrand
authors.forename: Luminita H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pojoga
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism*; D057890:Epigenomics; D006439:Hemodynamics; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D022461:Caveolins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; C491925:STRN protein, human; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D000450:Aldosterone; D056466:Histone Demethylases; C495195:KDM1A protein, human