title: Prevention and control of sexually transmissible infections among hotel-based female sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hotel-based sex workers in Bangladesh have high rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs), high client turnover and low condom use. Two monthly clinic-based strategies were compared: periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) and enhanced syndromic management (ESM) - one round of presumptive treatment followed by treatment based on assessment and laboratory tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised controlled trial compared PPT and ESM by prevalence and incidence, behaviour, retention, cost and STI incidence and prevalence. Demographic, behavioural and clinical data were collected from women at two clinics in Dhaka. All women received presumptive treatment and were randomised to receive PPT or ESM at nine monthly visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 549 women (median age: <20 years) were enrolled. At baseline, the prevalence of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) was 41% (ESM: 41%; PPT: 42%). After 9 months, chlamydia and gonorrhoea decreased to 7% overall, (ESM: 7.4%; PPT: 6.8%). At each visit, 98% of women receiving ESM met the therapy criteria and were treated. Retention was low (50%). Total costs were 50% lower per visit for each woman for PPT (ESM: $11.62 v. PPT: $5.80). The number of sex work sessions was reduced from 3.3 to 2.5 (P<0.001), but income did not change. Coercion was reduced but condom use at last sex did not change significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monthly PPT and ESM were effective approaches for STI control. PPT offered a feasible, low-cost alternative to ESM. Educational aspects led to a reduction in coercion and fewer sessions. Implementation studies are needed to improve condom use and retention.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA.
authors.forename: Duncan F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Motiur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zadrozny
authors.forename: Anadil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Lutfa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Neilsen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Prema
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Irving F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001459:Bangladesh; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020682:Cefixime / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008403:Mass Screening; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D060386:Sex Workers; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014600:Utilization Review; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D017963:Azithromycin; D020682:Cefixime