title: GBV-C viremia and clinical events in advanced HIV infection.
abstract: GB Virus C (GBV-C) is a non-pathogenic flavivirus, commonly found in HIV infected patients. Studies suggest a survival benefit of GBV-C viremia in HIV infection. Impact of GBV-C viremia was evaluated on clinical outcome in multidrug-resistant HIV. The OPTIMA study enrolled advanced multidrug-resistant HIV patients with a CD4 count ≤300 cells/mm(3). This study included a subset of OPTIMA patients. Primary endpoints included AIDS events or death. GBV-C status was assessed at baseline and last time point on study by real-time PCR. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine if CD4 count (</>100/mm(3)), treatment assignment, presence or disappearance of GBV-C viremia, GBV-C viral load level and Hepatitis C virus antibody status were associated with outcome. Of 288 patients (98% male, baseline mean age 48 years, HIV viral load 4.67 log10/ml, and CD4 127 cells/mm(3)), 62 (21.5%) had detectable GBV-C viremia. The mortality rate for GBV-C infected subjects was lower, 19/62 (30.7%) versus 87/226 (38.5%), and time to death shorter (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.41-1.11), but the results were not significantly different. The time to development of AIDS events was not different (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.52-1.53). Among covariates, only CD4 count (HR 0.28, CI 0.19-0.42) had a significant survival effect. A trend in decreased mortality was seen in GBV-C+ patients with CD4 <100/mm(3) in multivariate analyses. GBV-C co-infection in multidrug-resistant HIV infected patients was associated with a trend in improved survival but not decreased AIDS events. Analysis was limited by cohort size.
authors.affiliation: VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Harleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahni
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Tassos C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Kyriakides
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: Sheldon T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holodniy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D018178:Flaviviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology; D029407:GB virus C / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014766:Viremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: GBV-C; HIV; Veterans; antiretroviral therapy; clinical trial