title: Development and validation of the student perceptions of physician-pharmacist interprofessional clinical education (SPICE) instrument.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and validation of an instrument designed to assess student perceptions of physician-pharmacist interprofessional clinical education (SPICE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Faculty members from pharmacy and medical schools developed items for the instrument, and 179 medical and pharmacy students completed the scale. Psychometric properties, including reliability and construct validity, were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final instrument consisted of 10 items with 3 subscales measuring student perceptions of interprofessional teamwork and team-based practice, roles/responsibilities for collaborative practice, and patient outcomes from collaborative practice. Validity and reliability of the instrument were demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SPICE instrument demonstrated promise as a valid and reliable measure of pharmacy and medical student perceptions of interprofessional clinical education. SPICE may serve as a useful instrument for educational researchers in assessing the impact of interprofessional educational experiences.
authors.affiliation: School of Graduate Studies and Research, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fike
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zorek
authors.forename: Anitra A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: MacLaughlin
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samiuddin
authors.forename: Rodney B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: MacLaughlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003625:Data Collection; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration; D010820:Physicians / Q000458:organization & administration; D010865:Pilot Projects; D024382:Professional Role; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: confirmatory factor analysis; instrument validation; interdisciplinary education; interprofessional education