title: The sexual health of male sex workers in England: analysis of cross-sectional data from genitourinary medicine clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Male sex workers (MSW) are thought to be at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI), however, limited comparative data with other groups are available. Disparities among MSWs by migrant status may also exist. Using newly available, cross-sectional surveillance data, the characteristics of MSWs and other male genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attendees can be investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic characteristics, STI prevalence and service usage among MSWs and other male attendees between 1 January and 31 December 2011 were compared using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2011, 627 780 men attended GUM clinics; 488 (0.08%) were identified as MSWs. MSWs used a variety of services, however, one in seven had no HIV test at presentation. Adjusting for demographic factors and self-reported sexual orientation, MSWs had increased risk of some STIs and reinfection compared to other male attendees (eg, ORadj of gonorrhoea infection: 2.21, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.01, p<0.001, 14.1% vs 4.8% reinfected in 2011, p=0.005). Service usage did not vary between migrant and UK-born MSWs, but migrant MSWs were twice as likely to be diagnosed with chlamydia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some STIs are more prevalent and some reinfections more common among MSWs than other male attendees. A minority of MSWs do not appear to access STI/HIV testing through GUM clinics, and targeted interventions to improve uptake of testing in MSWs should be developed. Service usage and sexual health of MSWs does not appear to vary greatly by migrant status, though the increased risk of chlamydia infection among migrant MSWs should be investigated further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, , London, UK.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mc Grath-Lone
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Gwenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D060386:Sex Workers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Males; Prostitution; Sexual Health; Surveillance