title: Emerging role of gasotransmitters in renal transplantation.
abstract: Once patients with kidney disease progress to end-stage renal failure, transplantation is the preferred option of treatment resulting in improved quality of life and reduced mortality compared to dialysis. Although 1-year survival has improved considerably, graft and patient survival in the long term have not been concurrent, and therefore new tools to improve long-term graft and patient survival are warranted. Over the past decades, the gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have emerged as potent cytoprotective mediators in various diseases. All three gasotransmitters are endogenously produced messenger molecules that possess vasodilatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties by influencing an array of intracellular signaling processes. Although many regulatory functions of gasotransmitters have overlapping actions, differences have also been reported. In addition, crosstalk between NO, CO and H2S results in synergistic regulatory effects. Endogenous and exogenous manipulation of gasotransmitter levels modulates several processes involved in renal transplantation. This review focuses on mechanisms of gas-mediated cytoprotection and complex interactions between gasotransmitters in renal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Snijder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whiteman
authors.forename: S J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: H G D
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leuvenink
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Goor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D064426:Gasotransmitters / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000737:chemistry*; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015995:Prevalence; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D064426:Gasotransmitters; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Carbon monoxide; cardiovascular health; hydrogen sulfide; nephrology; nitric oxide; transplantation