title: Homogenous photocatalytic decontamination of prion infected stainless steel and titanium surfaces.
abstract: Prions are notorious for their extraordinary resistance to traditional methods of decontamination, rendering their transmission a public health risk. Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (iCJD) via contaminated surgical instruments and medical devices has been verified both experimentally and clinically. Standard methods for prion inactivation by sodium hydroxide or sodium hypochlorite have failed, in some cases, to fully remove prion infectivity, while they are often impractical for routine applications. Prion accumulation in peripheral tissues and indications of human-to-human bloodborne prion transmission, highlight the need for novel, efficient, yet user-friendly methods of prion inactivation. Here we show both in vitro and in vivo that homogenous photocatalytic oxidation, mediated by the photo-Fenton reagent, has the potential to inactivate the pathological prion isoform adsorbed on metal substrates. Photocatalytic oxidation with 224 μg mL(-1) Fe (3+), 500 μg mL(-1) h(-1) H 2O 2, UV-A for 480 min lead to 100% survival in golden Syrian hamsters after intracranial implantation of stainless steel wires infected with the 263K prion strain. Interestingly, photocatalytic treatment of 263K infected titanium wires, under the same experimental conditions, prolonged the survival interval significantly, but failed to eliminate infectivity, a result that we correlate with the increased adsorption of PrP(Sc) on titanium, in comparison to stainless steel. Our findings strongly indicate that our, user--and environmentally--friendly protocol can be safely applied to the decontamination of prion infected stainless steel surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki, Greece; Prion Disease Research Group; Laboratory of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Chrysanthi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berberidou
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xanthopoulos
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paspaltsis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lourbopoulos
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polyzoidou
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sklaviadis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poulios
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D006224:Cricetinae; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008647:Mesocricetus; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000737:chemistry; D010782:Photolysis; D011328:Prions / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000821:virology*; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C045076:Fenton's reagent; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D011328:Prions; D013193:Stainless Steel; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium; D007501:Iron
keywords: decontamination; inactivation; photo-Fenton; photocatalytic; prion; stainless steel