title: CBCT study of root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors in a Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisor teeth in a Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  CBCT images of Chinese patients were collected and 1553 permanent mandibular incisors in the images were included. The following observations on the included teeth were to determine the number of roots, root morphology and canal configuration. The root canal configurations were classified. The effect of gender on the incidence of the second canal was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of permanent mandibular incisors, 86.8% had a single root with single canal. Mandibular lateral incisors (17.5%) had a higher incidence of a second canal compared with mandibular central incisors (8.9%) (p = 0.000). A slightly higher percentage of incidence of a second canal was found in males (14.6%) than in females (11.9%) (p = 0.129).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Permanent mandibular incisors with two canals had a relatively low incidence in this Chinese population. The incidence of a second canal did not differ between males and females. CBCT is a valuable aid during root canal treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , PR China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Deqin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*