title: Perioperative cytokine response to infection associated with elective arterial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to assess the cytokine response to acute inflammation and infection in vascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 96 consecutive patients undergoing elective vascular surgery were analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP), total leukocyte counts (LPK), neutrophil CD64 expression, and cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 25 investigated cytokines, 22 had lower postoperative mean values compared to preoperative values. Interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6) was the only cytokine that increased significantly postoperatively. Combined analysis of CRP and CD64 together with IL-6 or IL-10 showed an individually unique association with postoperative infection (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown a positive correlation with perioperative infection for the proinflammatory cytokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 as well as a number of chemokines. To our knowledge, this is the first report linking IL-10 and chemokine plasma levels to perioperative infection in vascular surgery.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daryapeyma
authors.forename: Hans Jørgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aarstad
authors.forename: Carl-Magnus
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jonung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000097:blood; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: cytokine; infection; inflammation; surgery; vascular