title: An iterative spherical mean value method for background field removal in MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (SHARP) method has been proposed for the removal of background field in MRI phase data. It relies on the spherical mean value (SMV) property of harmonic functions, and its accuracy depends on the radius of the sphere used for computing the SMV and truncation threshold needed for deconvolution. The goal of this study was to develop an alternative SMV-based background field removal method with reduced dependences on these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed background field removal method, termed iterative SMV (iSMV), consists of applying the SMV operation repeatedly on the field map. It was validated in a phantom and in vivo brain data of five healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The iSMV method demonstrates accurate background field removal in the phantom. Compared with SHARP, the iSMV method shows a significantly reduced dependence on the SMV radius both in phantom and in human data. Because a smaller radius can be chosen, the iSMV method allows retaining a larger part of the region of interest compared with SHARP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The iSMV method is an effective background field removal method with a reduced dependence on method parameters. Magn Reson Med 72:1065-1071, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spincemaille
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001417:Background Radiation; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio
keywords: MRI; background field removal; harmonic functions; spherical mean value