title: Polyethylenimine-immobilized core-shell nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility test.
abstract: Herein, we prepared PEI-immobilized core-shell particles possessing various types of polymer cores via a visible light-induced surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of three vinyl monomers: styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). An effect of monomers on the polymerization and characteristics of resulting products was investigated. Monomers with high polarity can provide high monomer conversion, high percentage of grafted PEI, stable particles with uniform size distribution but less amino groups per particles. All prepared nanoparticles exhibited a core-shell nanostructure, containing PEI on the shell with hydrodynamic size around 140-230nm. For in-vitro study in Caco-2 cells, we found that the incorporation of PEI into these core-shell nanoparticles can significantly reduce its cytotoxic effect and also be able to internalized within the cells. Accordingly, these biocompatible particles would be useful for various biomedical applications, including gene transfection and intracellular drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Montri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ratanajanchai
authors.forename: Sunhapas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soodvilai
authors.forename: Nuttaporn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pimpha
authors.forename: Panya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sunintaboon
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D058105:Polymerization; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004655:Emulsions; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D011137:Polystyrenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D011094:Polyethyleneimine
keywords: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; ATCC; Am-P; American type culture collection; C(PEI); C(free); C(m); CLSM; CQ; Caco-2; Core–shell particle; D(cv); D(n); D(v); DC; DMEM; DMSO; Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; ELS; FITC; FTIR; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; G(PEI); HEMA; M(0); MMA; MTT; N(p); PBS; PDI; PEI; PTA; Photo-initiated polymerization; Polyethylenimine; R(S:C); SFEP; St; Surfactant-free; TBHP; TEM; TNBS; W(SN); amino groups per particle; camphorquinone; concentration of PEI in diluted supernatant; concentration of PEI used in the reaction; concentration of monomer used in the reaction; confocal laser scanning microscopy; degree of monomer conversion; dimethylsulfoxide; electrophoretic light scattering; fluorescein isothiocyanate; isoelectric pH; methyl methacrylate; molecular weight of PEI repeating unit; number of particles per volume; number-average diameter; pI; percentage of grafted PEI; phosphate buffered saline; phosphotungstic acid; polydispersity index; polyethylenimine; shell per core ratio; styrene; surfactant-free emulsion polymerization; tert-butylhydroperoxide; total weight of collected supernatant; transmission electron microscopy; volume-average diameter; volume-average diameter of the core