title: Bone substitute material composition and morphology differentially modulate calcium and phosphate release through osteoclast-like cells.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the material composition and cell-mediated remodelling of different calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes. Osteoclasts were cultivated on bone substitutes (Cerabone, Maxresorb, and NanoBone) for up to 5 days. Bafilomycin A1 addition served as the control. To determine cellular activity, the supernatant content of calcium and phosphate was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Cells were visualized on the materials by scanning electron microscopy. Material composition and surface characteristics were assessed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Osteoclast-induced calcium and phosphate release was material-specific. Maxresorb exhibited the highest ion release to the medium (P = 0.034; calcium 40.25mg/l day 5, phosphate 102.08 mg/l day 5) and NanoBone the lowest (P = 0.021; calcium 8.43 mg/l day 5, phosphate 15.15 mg/l day 5); Cerabone was intermediate (P = 0.034; calcium 16.34 mg/l day 5, phosphate 30.6 mg/l day 5). All investigated materials showed unique resorption behaviours. The presented methodology provides a new perspective on the investigation of bone substitute biodegradation, maintaining the material-specific micro- and macrostructure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konermann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staubwasser
authors.affiliation: Oral Technology, Dental School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dirk
authors.affiliation: Oral Technology, Dental School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keilig
authors.affiliation: Oral Technology, Dental School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourauel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: c_reichert@web.de.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reichert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C534915:NanoBone; C000593119:cerabone; C000593120:maxresorb; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: biodegradation; bone substitutes; calcium; osteoclastic cells; phosphate