title: Vision therapy and computer orthoptics: evidence-based approach to use in your practice.
abstract: Convergence insufficiency is a commonly seen disorder of the vergence system. Its clinical characteristics and symptoms have been well described by Duane and von Graefe. Laboratory studies have clarified the vergence pathway, which includes a bi-phasic response. Several recent randomized controlled trials show the effectiveness of common treatment modalities, including pencil pushups, computer orthoptics, and office-based therapy. More studies are needed to investigate the possibility that other treatments may treat convergence insufficiency in a more profound way by acting on other parts of the vergence system.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009988:Orthoptics / Q000379:methods*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular