title: The effects of a warm whirlpool bath on pain and stiffness of patients with chronic stroke induced knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: [Purpose] This study set out to investigate the effects of leg immersion in warm water on pain, and stiffness of patients with stroke-induced chronic osteoarthritis. [Subjects] Forty-four patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to either the whirlpool group (n=24) or the control group (n=20). [Methods] Subjects in the whirlpool group immersed their legs in a whirlpool bath at 40 °C for 40 minutes 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The control group of patients was instructed to perform activities as usual without using a whirlpool bath. Pre-immersion and post-immersion measurements of the Western Ontario and McMaster University arthritis index (WOMAC)-pain and stiffness indexes were compared to determine the effects of the intervention. The paired t-test was performed to test the significance of differences before and after the experiment. The independent t-test was conducted in order to test the significance of differences between the whirlpool and control groups. Statistical significance was accepted for values of p<0.05. [Results] The WOMAC-pain score, and stiffness index were significantly lower after the intervention. [Conclusion] Immersion of the lower extremities in a whirlpool bath was beneficial for patients with chronic stroke-induced knee osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, Sunmoon University.
authors.forename: Kun-Ok
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Dong-Yeop
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won-Seob
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shin
keywords: Osteoarthritis; Stroke; Whirlpool