title: Polysaccharides from Ganoderma formosanum function as a Th1 adjuvant and stimulate cytotoxic T cell response in vivo.
abstract: The fungus of Ganoderma is a basidiomycete that possesses a variety of pharmacological effects and has been used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries. Ganoderma formosanum is a native Ganoderma species isolated in Taiwan, and we have previously demonstrated that PS-F2, a polysaccharide fraction purified from the submerged culture broth of G. formosanum, exhibits immunostimulatory properties in macrophages. In this study, we further characterized the adjuvant functions of PS-F2. In vitro, PS-F2 stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) to produce proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12/IL-23 p40. PS-F2 also stimulated DCs to express the maturation markers CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II. In a murine splenocyte culture, PS-F2 treatment resulted in elevated expression of T-bet and interferon (IFN)-γ in T lymphocytes. When used as an adjuvant in vivo with the ovalbumin (OVA) antigen, PS-F2 stimulated OVA-specific antibody production and primed IFN-γ production in OVA-specific T lymphocytes. PS-F2-adjuvated immunization also induced OVA-specific CTLs, which protected mice from a challenge with tumor cells expressing OVA. Collectively, our data show that PS-F2 functions as an adjuvant capable of inducing a Th1-polarized adaptive immune response, which would be useful in vaccines against viruses and tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chia-Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ching-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chu-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Cheng-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yao-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hui-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: cjchen1@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chun-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013624:Taiwan; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014612:Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: Adjuvant; CTL response; Ganoderma formosanum; Polysaccharides; Th1 response; Vaccine