title: Estimation of stature from the width of static footprints-insight into an Indian model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Footprints give an estimate of the height of an individual using gender-dependent models derived for different population and ethnic groups. However, estimation of ethnicity, age and gender from a footprint may not always be possible in forensic case work.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study is done to develop models for stature (height) estimation from the width of footprints in the Indian population that are independent of the age and gender of individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present research was conducted on 100 young adults from different regions of India. Footprints were obtained from both feet using standard techniques. Stature, and metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) Width (distance across the widest part of the forefoot) and calcaneal (Calc) Width (distance across the widest section of the heel) were measured on 200 footprints. Regression models were derived for estimation of stature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive correlation is observed between footprint measurements and stature. Regression models derived from the forefoot region give a more accurate estimate of stature than the heel region of the footprint. Multiple linear regression models gave more accurate estimates of stature than the single linear regression models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regression models derived in the study for Indian population may be valuable in establishing the stature of a footprint in practical scenario when the age and gender are unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, India. Electronic address: tanujkanchan@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Tanuj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanchan
authors.forename: Kewal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishan
authors.forename: Disha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geriani
authors.forename: Iman Sajid
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Forensic anthropology; Forensic podiatry; Static footprints; Stature estimation