title: The alcohol-preferring (P) and high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) rats--animal models of alcoholism.
abstract: The objective of this article is to review the literature on the utility of using the selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) and high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) lines of rats in studies examining high alcohol drinking in adults and adolescents, craving-like behavior, and the co-abuse of alcohol with other drugs. The P line of rats meets all of the originally proposed criteria for a suitable animal model of alcoholism. In addition, the P rat exhibits high alcohol-seeking behavior, demonstrates an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) under relapse drinking conditions, consumes amounts of ethanol during adolescence equivalent to those consumed in adulthood, and co-abuses ethanol and nicotine. The P line also exhibits excessive binge-like alcohol drinking, attaining blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 200 mg% on a daily basis. The HAD replicate lines of rats have not been as extensively studied as the P rats. The HAD1,2 rats satisfy several of the criteria for an animal model of alcoholism, e.g., these rats will voluntarily consume ethanol in a free-choice situation to produce BACs between 50 and 200 mg%. The HAD1,2 rats also exhibit an ADE under repeated relapse conditions, and will demonstrate similar levels of ethanol intake during adolescence as seen in adults. Overall, the P and HAD1,2 rats have characteristics attributed to an early onset alcoholic, and can be used to study various aspects of alcohol use disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202-4887, USA. Electronic address: wmcbride@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202-4887, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Rodd
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202-4887, USA.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lumeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Ting-Kai
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Alcohol-preferring (P) rat; Alcohol-seeking behavior; Animal model of alcoholism; Binge drinking; High-alcohol-drinking (HAD) rat