title: Deregulation of microRNA expression in thyroid neoplasias.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of powerful gene expression regulators. Acting at the post-transcriptional level, miRNAs modulate the expression of at least one-third of the mRNAs that are encoded by the human genome. The expression of a single gene can be regulated by several miRNAs, and every miRNA has more than one target gene. Thus, the miRNA regulatory circuit, which affects essential cellular functions, is of enormous complexity. Moreover, a fundamental role for miRNAs has been determined in the onset and progression of human cancers. Here, we summarize the main alterations in miRNA expression that have been identified in thyroid neoplasias and examine the mechanisms through which miRNA deregulation might promote thyroid cell transformation. We also discuss how the emerging knowledge on miRNA deregulation could be harnessed for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid neoplasias.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierlorenzo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pallante
authors.affiliation: Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Battista
authors.affiliation: Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pierantoni
authors.affiliation: Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fusco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs