title: Challenges in quantifying the patient-reported burden of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in the UK: learnings from the Zoster Quality of Life (ZQOL) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute presentation of herpes zoster (HZ) and the subsequent development of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) can have a significant impact on patients' lives. To date, evidence regarding the human and economic burden of HZ and PHN in the UK is limited. To address this knowledge gap a national, multicentre, large-scale real-world study was conducted to inform the scientific community and healthcare decision-makers. This paper outlines difficulties encountered and challenges to conducting real-world studies in the UK, methods used to overcome these hurdles and strategies that can be employed to promote and facilitate the conduct of future studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Zoster Quality of Life (ZQOL) study is the first UK-wide and largest observational study investigating patient burden associated with HZ and PHN. A total of 383 patients (229 HZ; 154 PHN) over the age of 50 years were recruited from 42 primary and secondary/tertiary care centres. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments of pain, quality of life and treatment satisfaction were completed by all participants and supplemented by clinical information from participating physicians.Key challenges encountered during the conduct of this study can be broadly categorised as follows: 1) identification of centres willing/able to participate in the study: lack of resources and limited research experience were major barriers to recruitment of centres for participation in the study; 2) obtaining local research & development (R&D) approval: lack of clearly defined processes and requirements specific to real-world studies and limited degree of standardisation between R&D departments in approval procedures led to significant variability in submission requirements and lead times for obtaining approval; 3) recruitment of study participants: rates of recruitment were slower than anticipated, meaning it was necessary to extend the study recruitment period and increase the number of participating centres.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initiatives designed to promote and facilitate the conduct of research in the UK are important for real-world studies. The ZQOL study shows that opportunities exist for real-word research. However, streamlining the R&D approval process where possible and further incentivising the participation of primary care centres in such studies would help to further facilitate the generation of real-world evidence to inform healthcare decisions.
authors.affiliation: Sanofi-Pasteur MSD, Berkshire, UK. scarroll@spmsd.com.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gater
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abetz-Webb
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demuth
authors.forename: Azharul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mannan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003625:Data Collection / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006562:Herpes Zoster / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051474:Neuralgia, Postherpetic / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012107:Research Design; D006113:United Kingdom