title: Nurse practitioner organizational climate in primary care settings: implications for professional practice.
abstract: The expansion of the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in primary care is key to meeting the increased demand for care. Organizational climates in primary care settings affect NP professional practice and the quality of care. This study investigated organizational climate and its domains affecting NP professional practice in primary care settings. A qualitative descriptive design, with purposive sampling, was used to recruit 16 NPs practicing in primary care settings in Massachusetts. An interview guide was developed and pretested with two NPs and in 1 group interview with 7 NPs. Data collection took place in spring of 2011. Individual interviews lasted from 30-70 minutes, were audio recorded, and transcribed. Data were analyzed using Atlas.ti 6.0 software by 3 researchers. Content analysis was applied. Three previously identified themes, NP-physician relations, independent practice and autonomy, and professional visibility, as well as two new themes, organizational support and resources and NP-administration relations emerged from the analyses. NPs reported collegial relations with physicians, challenges in establishing independent practice, suboptimal relationships with administration, and lack of support. NP contributions to patient care were invisible. Favorable organizational climates should be promoted to support the expanding of NP workforce in primary care and to optimize recruitment and retention efforts.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY.. Electronic address: lp2475@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Lusine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poghosyan
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nannini
authors.forename: Patricia W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smaldone
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D015279:Organizational Culture; D019555:Physician-Nurse Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011364:Professional Practice
keywords: Nurse practitioner; Organizational climate; Primary care