title: Lymphovascular and neural regulation of metastasis: shared tumour signalling pathways and novel therapeutic approaches.
abstract: The progression of cancer is supported by a wide variety of non-neoplastic cell types which make up the tumour stroma, including immune cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and nerve fibres. These host cells contribute molecular signals that enhance primary tumour growth and provide physical avenues for metastatic dissemination. This article provides an overview of the role of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve fibres in the tumour microenvironment and highlights the interconnected molecular signalling pathways that control their development and activation in cancer. Further, this article highlights the known pharmacological agents which target these pathways and discusses the potential therapeutic uses of drugs that target angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and stress-response pathways in the different stages of cancer care.
authors.affiliation: Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
authors.forename: Caroline P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karnezis
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Achen
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stacker
authors.forename: Erica K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sloan
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: NSAID; SNS; angiogenesis; beta-blocker; lymphangiogenesis; nerve fibres; sympathetic nervous system; vasculature