title: MAD2 Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma: Different Expression Patterns and Levels among Various Types of Ovarian Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance in High-Grade Serous Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitotic arrest deficiency protein 2 (MAD2) is a key component of spindle assembly checkpoint function, which mediates cell apoptosis through microtubule kinetics. Aberrant expression of MAD2 is believed to be associated with the development of chromosome instability. MAD2 also has a signihicant role in cellular drug resistance to taxane chemotherapeutic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of MAD2 and p53 was investigated using immunohistochemistry in 85 cases of ovarian carcinomas. Clinicopathological data including progression-free survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant (p=.035) association was observed between the grade of serous carcinoma and the expression level of MAD2. While low-grade serous carcinoma showed a low-level expression of MAD2, high-grade serous carcinoma showed a high-level expression of MAD2. We also determined that low-level expression of MAD2 was associated with reduced progression-free survival (PFS) (p=.016) in high-grade serous carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAD2 expression in ovarian carcinoma is related to the grade of serous carcinoma and PFS of high-grade serous carcinoma. Expression level of MAD2 detected by immunohistochemistry may serve as an indicator in predicting the response of microtubule-interfering chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Po Eun
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sun Zoo
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Cell cycle checkpoints; MAD2L1 protein, human; Ovarian neoplasms; Taxane