title: Suicide risk in major affective disorder: results from a national survey in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated suicide risk and its correlates among major affective disorder patients in China and examined possible risk factors for future suicide among individuals with major affective disorder to inform appropriate interventions and management approaches to minimize and prevent suicide.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1478 major affective disorder patients were consecutively examined in 13 mental health centers in China. The patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. DSM-IV diagnoses were established using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and suicide risk was assessed by the suicide risk module of the MINI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 963 (65.2%) were in the nonsuicidal risk group and 515 (34.8%) were in the suicidal risk group. Compared to major depressive disorder patients, bipolar disorder patients had higher suicide risk levels (χ2=10.0, df=1, P=0.002); however, there were no statistically significant differences (χ2=2.6, df=1, P=0.1) between bipolar disorder-I and bipolar disorder-II patients. Suicide risk factors were associated with 6 variables in major affective disorder patients, as follows: male gender, unemployed, more frequent depressive episodes (>4 in the past year), depressive episodes with suicidal ideation and attempts, depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms, and no current antidepressant use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the data were retrospectively collected and, therefore, subject to recall bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that bipolar disorder patients have a higher suicide risk than major depressive disorder patients. The factors that were significantly associated with suicide risk may aid in identifying major affective disorder patients who are at risk for future suicidal behavior.
authors.affiliation: Depressive Disorder Ward, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Depressive Disorder Ward, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Depressive Disorder Ward, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, China.
authors.forename: Fu-de
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Bei
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. Electronic address: dafangchen@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Da-Fang
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China. Electronic address: si.tian-mei@163.com.
authors.forename: Tian-Mei
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Si
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Major affective disorder; Major depressive disorder; Suicide risk