title: Is there any difference between the findings of Clock Drawing Tests if the clocks show different times?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a widely-used, rapid assessment tool for the screening of cognitive decline though its evaluation and interpretation are still not uniform. The aim of present study was to investigate the difference in sensitivity and specificity of two types of CDTs and to compare the clinical benefits of quantitative and semiquantitative scoring systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the difference in sensitivity and specificity of two types of CDTs and to compare the clinical benefits of quantitative and semiquantitative scoring systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and ninety-two participants with or without dementia completed 10-item CDTs in nursing homes in two counties in southern Hungary. The dementia was not further subclassified. The results of the two tests, CDT1 (representing five minutes to a quarter to four) and CDT2 (representing ten past five), were evaluated quantitatively and semiquantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the quantitative evaluation, the sensitivity and the specificity for the diagnosis of dementia at cut-off scores of 7 points were determined: 87.1% and 51.9%, respectively, for CDT1, and 81.7% and 57% for CDT2, respectively. The semiquantitative analysis revealed a sensitivity of 67.3% and a specificity of 65.3% for CDT1, and of 64.6% and 66.6% for CDT2, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of CDT tests do not appear to depend on the positions of the clock hands and additionally suggest that the quantitative evaluation method is more sensitive than the semiquantitative method.
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Anna Tünde
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Patocskai
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Magdolna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pákáski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Békés County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vincze
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Máté
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fullajtár
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szimjanovszki
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drótos
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boda
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Janka
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kálmán
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
keywords: Clock drawing test; cognitive disorders; dementia; early diagnosis; sensitivity; specificity