title: Comparison of the antibacterial effects of matrica & Persica™ and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes in mechanically ventilated ICU patients: a double blind randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulation of bacteria in the pharynx is one of the risk factors of pneumonia due to ventilation. One of the methods of prevention from accumulation of bacteria in the pharynx is the use of oral solutions. Chlorhexidine is considered as the gold standard, but it has various side effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Present study was aimed to determine and compare anti-bacterial effects of the chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, herbal mouthwash of Matrica® (chamomile extracts) 10%, PersicaTM 10% and normal saline in intensive care unit patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 80 patients who were admitted in ICU divided into four groups of 20 patients each one. Researchers applied PersicaTM to group one, chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash 0.2% to group two and third group received Matrica, finally in the control group, normal saline were used. In order to culturing of Staphylococcus aureus and S. pneumoniae,salivary samples were obtained without any stimulation after six minimums oral rinsing. The data were processed in SPSS17 software and analyzed by appropriate statistical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decreased rate of bacterial colonies after intervention in the whole four groups was significant (p < 0.001). The mouth wash of chlorhexidine (p < 0.001), PersicaTM (p: 0.008) and Matrica (p: 0.01) had a significant antibacterial effect on S. aureus and S. pneumoniae(p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herbal oral mouthwash of persica and matrica has the effect on S. pneumoniae and S. aureus of oropharynx area in mechanically ventilated patients. However, there is a need for further research to be considered as an alternative to chlorhexidine for prevention of VALP in ICU patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darvishi Khezri
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haidari Gorji
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morad
authors.forename: Heidari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gorji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D028321:Plant Preparations; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine