title: Type D personality in never-depressed patients and the development of major and minor depression after acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type D personality (TDP) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, contrasting findings emerged about its predicting power on the onset of depression, since an overlap between TDP and depressive symptoms has been proposed. The present study was aimed to verify whether TDP predicts the development of a depressive disorder in the 6 months after the discharge from hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty consecutive patients were recruited, at the Coronary Intensive Care Unit at the University Hospital of Parma, who were both presenting their first ACS and had no history of depression. The presence and the severity of major (MD) and minor (md) depression were evaluated with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) respectively. Type D Personality was assessed with the DS14, both at baseline and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 month follow ups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 250 subjects (81.2% males), MD was diagnosed in 12 patients (4.8%) and md in 18 patients (7.2%). At baseline risk factors for a post-ACS depressive disorder were HADS depression scores, whereas TDP, or its subscales, did not showed any effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small amount of patients with incidence of depression, due to highly selective inclusion criteria, tempers the reliability of our results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggests that TDP does not predict the development of depressive disorders in never-depressed patients at their first ACS, when the baseline depression severity was controlled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.marchesi@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ossola
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scagnelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paglia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aprile
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monici
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonna
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mental Health Department, AUSL, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Panfilis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ardissino
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D064415:Type D Personality
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Depression; Risk factor; Subthreshold depression; Type D personality