title: Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting fibrosis and PAI-1 mRNA transcription.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza have been used for centuries in China to treat liver diseases. Previous studies have shown that these herbs and their extracts inhibit the development of liver fibrosis and the proliferation and invasion of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Further study of their pharmacological effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed. To investigate the effects of Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract (CASE) on diethylinitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats were divided into five groups, with the first group serving as normal control, the second group receiving 0.2% DEN solution five times a week for 14 weeks, and the third to fifth group receiving the same DEN as in the second group together with CASE at the doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg per day for 16 weeks, respectively. Hepatoma incidence, serum enzymes levels, degree of fibrosis and hydroxyproline content were evaluated and compared across the five groups to determine CASE's suppression of fibrosis and HCC progression. In addition, an in vitro experiment using HepG2 cells was conduct to verify CASE's effect on the transcription of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CASE treatment significantly reduced the incidence and multiplicity of DEN-induced HCC development in a dose-dependent manner. It significantly suppressed the elevation of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, hyaluronic acid, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin, and significantly lessened the depression of serum total protein in DEN-induced HCC rats. CASE treatment also significantly suppressed the elevated expression of GST-P and α-SMA. The in vitro experiment confirmed that CASE inhibits the transcription of PAI-1 mRNA in HepG2 cells induced by TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CASE suppresses DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting fibrosis and PAI-1 mRNA transcription, suggesting its potential clinical application in preventing and treating human HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Care Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei 230001, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Therapeutics Research Centre, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address: zlj33@ahmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Linjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address: yangyan@ahmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027883:Astragalus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine
keywords: Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract; Diethylnitrosamine; Hepatic fibrosis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Plasminogen activator inhibitor