title: Sex hormonal disruption by cyanobacterial bioactive compounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of some cyanobacterial exudates on the level of sex hormones in a mammalian model and to identify the molecules that could act as endocrine disruptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the cytotoxicity of purified exudates of some axenic cyanobacterial cultures (Nostoc ellipsosporum, Nostoc muscorum, Anabaena oryzae & Anabaena. sp.) was evaluated against normal melanocyte cell line (HFB4). The intraperitoneal injection of the cyanobacterial exudates demonstrated a marked disturbance in the serum level of testosterone, progesterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) of male mice. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of some sterol-like compounds in the cyanobacterial filtrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrated that the nontoxic cyanobacterial species have the ability to produce some bioactive compounds into their surroundings that can disrupt the mammalian reproductive hormones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cyanobacterial extracellular bioactive molecules can affect on the production of the sex hormones via positive and negative feedback and may be a risk to human beings.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Essa
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fathy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D013261:Sterols / Q000737:chemistry; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013261:Sterols; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: cyanobacteria; cytotoxicity; sex hormones; sterol-like compounds