title: Effects of 2-Deoxyglucose on ischemic brain injuries in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) administration enhances tolerance and exerts neuroprotection against ischemic injury or oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-DG on ischemic brain injuries in rats and determined whether the effects are related to sublethal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  2-DG was administered systemically 7 d before the rats were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia (2 h) followed by reperfusion. Neurological score and infarct volume were evaluated, and protein expression of ER molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and X-box protein-1 (XBP-1) was determined at different time points after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2-DG pretreatment significantly decreased neurological scores after reperfusion for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, reduced infarct volume at 24 h after reperfusion compared to the corresponding control groups. ER molecular chaperone GRP78 and XBP-1 increased in 2-DG pretreatment group as compared to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with 2-DG improves the neurological function after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Increased expression of ER chaperone GRP78 and activation of XBP-1 may contribute to the protective effect of 2-DG against brain injury.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lianqiu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Chunxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yumin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D015424:Reperfusion; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C051684:GRP78 protein, rat; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000605545:Xbp1 protein, rat
keywords: 2-deoxyglucose; brain injury; ischemia; rats; reperfusion