title: Molecular mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-glucoside-induced growth inhibition on human liver cancer cells: G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent apoptotic signaling pathways.
abstract: Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT7G), a flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been found to increase anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as cytotoxic effects. However, the mechanism of how LUT7G induces apoptosis and regulates cell cycles remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of LUT7G on the growth inhibition of tumors, cell cycle arrest, induction of ROS generation, and the involved signaling pathway in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was decreased by LUT7G in a dose-dependent manner. The growth inhibition was due primarily to the G2/M phase arrest and ROS generation. Moreover, the phosphorylation of JNK was increased by LUT7G. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effect of LUT7G on HepG2 is associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by JNK activation.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Eun-Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Haeng-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-853, Korea kah366@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059566:M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D047311:Luteolin
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D020169:Caspases; D047309:Flavones; D005960:Glucosides; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C066408:luteolin-7-glucoside; D047311:Luteolin