title: Intranasal corticosteroids topical characteristics: side effects, formulation, and volume.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guidelines from throughout the world recommend intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) as first-line treatment for most patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. In general, limited comparative studies between different INSs have not indicated that one particular steroid moiety is more effective than another in controlling symptoms of allergic rhinitis. However, there are numerous formulations available with different ingredients that may influence a patient's adherence to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article looks at topical features with these agents, specifically, formulations, vehicles (aqueous vs aerosol), and side effects such as epistaxis and nasal septal perforation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topical side effects are minimal with INSs with the exception of epistaxis. There are major differences in formulations, volumes, and vehicles between INSs, which could affect adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians need to be aware of the different INS attributes to try to match patients' preferences in order to achieve better adherence and improve outcomes in sufferers of allergic rhinitis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Blaiss
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones