title: Single and concurrent effects of endurance and resistance training on pulmonary function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As not only few evidences but also contradictory results exist with regard to the effects of resistance training (RT) and resistance plus endurance training (ERT) on respiratory system, so the purpose of this research was therefore to study single and concurrent effects of endurance and resistance training on pulmonary function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty seven volunteer healthy inactive women were randomly divided into 4 groups: without training as control (C), Endurance Training (ET), RT, and ERT. A spirometry test was taken 24 hrs before and after the training course. The training period (8 weeks, 3 sessions/week) for ET was 20-26 min/session running with 60-80% maximum heart rate (HR max); for RT two circuits/session, 40-60s for each exercise with 60-80% one repetition maximum (1RM), and 1 and 3 minutes active rest between exercises and circuits respectively; and for ERT was in agreement with either ET or RT protocols, but the times of running and circuits were half of ET and RT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANCOVA showed that ET and ERT increased significantly (P< 0.05) vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flows to 25%-75%; ET, RT and ERT increased significantly (P< 0.05) maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV); and only ET increased significantly (P<0.05) peak expiratory flows (PEF); but ET, RT and ERT had no significant effect (P>0.05) on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, ET combined with RT (ERT) has greater effect on VC, FVC, FEF rating at25%-75%, and also on PEF except MVV, rather than RT, and just ET has greater effect rather than ERT.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Islamic Azad University-Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khosravi
authors.forename: Seyed Morteza
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tayebi
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safari
keywords: Endurance and Resistance Training; FEV1; FVC; MVV; PEF; VC