title: Expansion of the Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) repeat in a patient with Sioux Native American ancestry.
abstract: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10), an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, is caused by the expansion of the non-coding ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat in the ATAXIN 10 gene. To date, all cases of SCA10 are restricted to patients with ancestral ties to Latin American countries. Here, we report on a SCA10 patient with Sioux Native American ancestry and no reported Hispanic or Latino heritage. Neurological exam findings revealed impaired gait with mild, age-consistent cerebellar atrophy and no evidence of epileptic seizures. The age at onset for this patient, at 83 years of age, is the latest documented for SCA10 patients and is suggestive of a reduced penetrance allele in his family. Southern blot analysis showed an SCA10 expanded allele of 1400 repeats. Established SNPs surrounding the SCA10 locus showed a disease haplotype consistent with the previously described "SCA10 haplotype". This case suggests that the SCA10 expansion represents an early mutation event that possibly occurred during the initial peopling of the Americas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
authors.forename: Khalaf
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bushara
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Jilin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Karen N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Ivette
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Landrian
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: Hélio A G
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Teive
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Connie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashizawa
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000067736:Ataxin-10; D042622:DNA Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C503889:ATXN10 protein, human; D000067736:Ataxin-10; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins