title: Work-related spirometric restriction in flavoring manufacturing workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flavoring-exposed workers are at risk for occupational lung disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined serial spirometries from corporate medical surveillance of flavoring production workers to assess abnormality compared to the U.S. population; mean decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC); and excessive declines in FEV1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 106 workers, 30 had spirometric restriction, 3 had obstruction, 1 had both, and 13 (of 70, 19%) had excessive declines in FEV1. The adjusted prevalence of restriction was 3.7 times expected. Employees with higher potential for flavorings exposure had 3.0 times and 2.4 times greater average annual declines in FEV1 and FVC respectively, and had 5.8 times higher odds of having excessive FEV1 declines than employees with lower potential for exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure-related spirometric abnormalities consistent with a restrictive process evolved during employment, suggesting that exposures in flavoring production are associated with a range of pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002617:Chemical Industry; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013147:Spirometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005421:Flavoring Agents
keywords: diacetyl; excessive decline; flavorings; hydrogen sulfide; spirometric restriction; spirometry