title: Phosphatidic acid integrates calcium signaling and microtubule dynamics into regulating ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Specific cellular components have been identified to function in abscisic acid (ABA) regulation of stomatal apertures, including calcium, the cytoskeleton, and phosphatidic acid. In this study, the regulation and dynamic organization of microtubules during ABA-induced stomatal closure by phospholipase D (PLD) and its product PA were investigated. ABA induced microtubule depolymerization and stomatal closure in wide-type (WT) Arabidopsis, whereas these processes were impaired in PLD mutant (pldα1). The microtubule-disrupting drugs oryzalin or propyzamide induced microtubule depolymerization, but did not affect the stomatal aperture, whereas their co-treatment with ABA resulted in stomatal closure in both WT and pldα1. In contrast, the microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel arrested ABA-induced microtubule depolymerization and inhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure in both WT and pldα1. In pldα1, ABA-induced cytoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt) elevation was partially blocked, and exogenous Ca(2+)-induced microtubule depolymerization and stomatal closure were impaired. These results suggested that PLDα1 and PA regulate microtubular organization and Ca(2+) increases during ABA-induced stomatal closing and that crosstalk among signaling lipid, Ca(2+), and microtubules are essential for ABA signaling.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Xiaoxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C582894:PLDA1 protein, Arabidopsis; D010739:Phospholipase D