title: Prevalence and psychosocial background of anxiety and depression emerging during the first trimester of pregnancy: data from a Hungarian population-based sample.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few surveys of antenatal depression and anxiety in Eastern-European countries. The aim of the present study was to gather prevalence data from a Hungarian sample and to search for associations between antenatal depression/anxiety and some psycho-social variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based monitoring system was created, covering every pregnant woman in the town of Szombathely, Western-Hungary for symptoms of depression and anxiety during the first trimester of pregnancy. Data were gathered in the period February 1, 2008 - February 1, 2010. Five-hundred and three pregnant women were included in the sample under survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of our participants was 29.8 yr. (SD=4.94/). One fifth (19.9%; 95%CI = 16.6-23.6) of pregnant women were suffering from mild to severe depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Frequency of severe depression was low (1.4%). 14.2% of the sample (95%CI =11.5-17.6) showed signs of trait anxiety as measured by the Spielberger Inventory. Mean scores for depression and anxiety proved to be significantly higher among women who were unemployed, less than 20 years of age, having low educational or/and socio-economic status, and displaying higher level of social mistrust. Those living in common-law marriage had more depressive symptoms while reciprocity was associated only to anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for prevalence of severe depression, our data did not differ from prevalence found in market economic countries. Teen age, unfavourable socio-economic conditions and high social mistrust were associated with the emergence of clinically meaningful depression and anxiety during the first trimester of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Midwifery, Institute of Nursing and Patient Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 14 Jókai Street, Szombathely H-9700, Hungary, btamas@etk.pte.husi.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bödecs
authors.forename: Enikő
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szilágyi
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cholnoky
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sándor
authors.forename: Xénia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rihmer
authors.forename: Boldizsár
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horváth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult