title: Dietary exposure to phenolic and methoxylated organohalogen contaminants in relation to their concentrations in breast milk and serum in Japan.
abstract: This study investigated human exposure to neutral, phenolic, and methoxylated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) in a duplicate diet study to evaluate their concentrations in breast milk and serum of Okinawan people from Japan during 2004-2009. Dietary intakes of phenolic OHCs were predominantly 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TriBP), followed by tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and 6-hydroxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-OH-BDE47). After exposure, TriBP and TBBPA were transferred to breast milk, whereas 6-OH-BDE47 was selectively retained in serum. Despite a lower dietary exposure to pentachlorophenol and 4-hydroxy-CB187, both were retained in serum. For the methoxylated OHCs, 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TriBA) and 6-methoxy-BDE47 were the predominant dietary contaminants, of which TriBA was present in both breast milk and serum, whereas 6-methoxy-BDE47 was selectively transferred to breast milk. These findings suggest that dietary exposure to phenolic and methoxylated OHCs may result in differential partitioning between breast milk and serum with different pharmacokinetic or exposure routes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.affiliation: Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan. Electronic address: k-haraguti@daiichi-cps.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010636:Phenols; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C085794:3,5-dibromo-2-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)phenol; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A; C004554:2,4,6-tribromophenol
keywords: 6-Hydroxy-BDE47; 6-Methoxy-BDE47; Breast milk; Dietary exposure; Serum