title: Comparison of balance ability between patients with type 2 diabetes and with and without peripheral neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To examine the effects of peripheral neuropathy on balance stability in patients with type 2 diabetes, and (2) to assess static and dynamic balance and functional limitations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects (n = 60) were divided into 3 groups: subjects with diabetes and with established peripheral neuropathy (diabetic peripheral neuropathy [DPN] group) (n = 17), subjects with diabetes and without peripheral neuropathy (diabetic control group) (n = 25), and subjects without diabetes (nondiabetic control [NDC] group) (n = 18).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensory impairment assessment, motor impairment assessment, and functional limitation assessment were assessed by using the Balance Master system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In motor impairment assessment, left-to-right directional control in the rhythmic weight shift was significantly poorer in the diabetic control group than in the NDC group during slow movement (P = .027). During fast movement, it was poorer in the DPN group than in the NDC group (P = .022). In the unilateral stance test of functional limitation assessment with both eyes open, the mean center of gravity sway velocity was significantly higher in the DPN group than in the NDC group (P = .011 for the left leg standing, P = .008 for the right leg standing) and higher in the DPN group than in the diabetic control group (P = .027 for the right leg standing). In the tandem walk test, walking speed was significantly lower in the DPN group than in the NDC group (P = .033), and end sway was significantly greater in the DPN group than in the NDC group (P = .020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of the results of this study suggest that functional limitations may occur more in the patients with diabetes and with peripheral neuropathy, and dynamic balance stability may decrease more with the patients with diabetes than with the subjects without diabetes. Further studies on balance rehabilitation that concern dynamic balance stabilities and exercise abilities are needed in patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Inje University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea(∗).
authors.forename: Kil-Byung
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Inje University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea(†).
authors.forename: Dong Jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Inje University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea(‡).
authors.forename: Jeong-hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsanpaik Hospital, 170 Joohwaro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea(§). Electronic address: jhyoo@paik.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeehyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: MS Sports Medicine Center, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Inje University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea(¶).
authors.forename: Jung-Wha
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007866:Leg / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies