title: Hepatobiliary and intestinal elimination of darunavir in an integrated preclinical rat model.
abstract: 1. Although valuable in vitro models exist to study drug elimination from the systemic circulation, more integrated models may improve mechanistic insight in a biorelevant setting. 2. This study aimed to explore (1) intestinal and biliary excretion of the HIV protease inhibitor darunavir and its impact on systemic disposition and (2) to evaluate to what extent findings in an in situ excretion model in rat can be captured by individual in vitro models. 3. Contemporary in vitro models were applied to study intestinal and hepatobiliary disposition of darunavir and data were compared with findings in the in situ excretion model. 4. Both in situ and in vitro experiments demonstrated significant metabolism of darunavir, which could be strongly inhibited by the P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole. Using the P-gp inhibitor zosuquidar, P-gp mediated excretion of darunavir from blood towards gastrointestinal lumen was evidenced and this was confirmed by transport studies in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, involvement of P-gp in the biliary excretion of darunavir was also demonstrated in situ. 5. In general, in situ findings corresponded well with in vitro data. The in situ excretion model offers the possibility to gain mechanistic insight in intestinal and hepatobiliary excretion processes and, at the same time, evaluate their impact on the systemic disposition of a compound.
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Jef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stappaerts
authors.forename: Sarinj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fattah
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Annaert
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Augustijns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000069454:Darunavir; D065669:Hepatobiliary Elimination / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D066237:Intestinal Elimination / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013449:Sulfonamides; D014230:Triazoles; C033020:1-aminobenzotriazole; D000069454:Darunavir