title: Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are frequently complicated with gastric mucosal injury; however, there are few reports investigating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among patients with RA. We investigated the frequency of GERD and the correlation between GERD and the clinical characteristics of RA including patient's global assessment (PGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with RA were investigated for GERD using self-administered frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG). The correlation between GERD and the clinical characteristics of RA was analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and eleven patients in Japan were investigated. The prevalence of GERD among patients with RA (24.6%) was significantly higher than that in the Japanese population (11.5%) (p < 0.001). FSSG was positively correlated with modified health assessment questionnaire (mHAQ), PGA, evaluator's global assessment (EGA) (p < 0.001), disease activity score (DAS)28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p < 0.05), DAS28-C-reactive protein (CRP), simplified disease activity index (SDAI) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) (p < 0.001). The patients with GERD showed significantly higher scores in mHAQ, PGA, EGA, tenderness joint count, DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, SDAI and CDAI (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with GERD showed lower remission rates based on DAS28-ESR (p < 0.05), DAS28-CRP, SDAI and CDAI (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GERD complicated with RA increases PGA and the indices of disease activity. GERD symptoms analyzed using FSSG may be desirable to avoid the overestimation as part of the total management of patients with RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe , Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Toshihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence