title: [Acute respiratory failure due to Mycoplasma pneumonia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are typically mild and subacute. We report the case of a 40-year-old man hospitalized for acute respiratory distress in the context of an acute infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Radiological and pulmonary function test were consistent with an acute infectious bronchiolitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient presented with isolated respiratory failure with profound hypoxemia requiring oxygen delivered at high concentration by face mask. The CT appearance of the lesions corresponded to a spread of bilateral micro-connected pulmonary nodules (a "tree-in-bud" pattern) associated with obstructive ventilatory disorder. The only pathogen identified by PCR on BAL and serology was Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The evolution was favorable with antibiotic therapy combined with corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycoplasma pneumoniae may be responsible for severe respiratory illness in the form of bronchiolitis. In the setting of severe acute community pneumoniae antibiotic treatment which is also effective against Mycoplasma pneumonia should be considered. In this case, corticosteroids may be an effective adjunct by their action on the small airways.
authors.affiliation: UPRES EA 3830, service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, institut hospitalo-universitaire de recherche biomédicale et d'innovation, université de Rouen, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patout
authors.forename: P-L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Declercq
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pestel-Caron
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Louvel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamia
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuvelier
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Acute respiratory failure; Bronchiolite; Bronchiolitis; Détresse respiratoire aiguë; Multiple pulmonary nodules; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; PCR; Syndrome micronodulaire pulmonaire