title: Polyurethane and polyurea nanoparticles based on polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative surfactant suitable for endovascular applications.
abstract: The design of new, safe and effective nanotherapeutic systems is an important challenge for the researchers in the nanotechnology area. This study describes the formation of biocompatible polyurethane and polyurea nanoparticles based on polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative surfactant formed from O/W nano-emulsions by polymerization at the droplet interfaces in systems composed by aqueous solution/Kolliphor(®) ELP/medium chain triglyceride suitable for intravenous administration. Initial nano-emulsions incorporating highly hydrophilic materials were prepared by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method. After polymerization, nanoparticles with a small particle diameter (25-55 nm) and low polydispersity index were obtained. Parameters such as concentration of monomer, O/S weight ratio as well as the polymerization temperature were crucial to achieve a correct formation of these nanoparticles. Moreover, FT-IR studies showed the full conversion of the monomer to polyurethane and polyurea polymers. Likewise the involvement of the surfactant in the polymerization process through their nucleophilic groups to form the polymeric matrix was demonstrated. This could mean a first step in the development of biocompatible systems formulated with polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative surfactants. In addition, haemolysis and cell viability assays evidenced the good biocompatibility of KELP polyurethane and polyurea nanoparticles thus indicating the potential of these nanosystems as promising drug carriers.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Genoveva
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morral-Ruíz
authors.affiliation: Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melgar-Lesmes
authors.affiliation: Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: María Luísa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Conxita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solans
authors.affiliation: Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mjgarcia@ub.edu.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: García-Celma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D011108:Polymers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C045786:polyurea; C023040:polyethoxylated castor oil; D002368:Castor Oil
keywords: Castor oil derivative surfactant; Haemolysis; Interfacial polymerization; Nano-emulsion; Nanoparticle; Polyurethane