title: Stromal myofibroblasts in nonmetastatic and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myofibroblasts are one of the important components of the tumor microenvironment which could possibly play an important role in tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to compare the presence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD34 positive fibroblasts in nonmetastatic and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate their role in tumor metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten cases each of histologically proven metastatic and nonmetastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma formed the study group. The tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically for α-SMA and CD34. The stromal spindle cells positive for these markers in the study groups were counted and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  α-SMA positive cases were more in the metastatic group and CD34 positive cases were found to be more in the nonmetastatic tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though difference in the staining pattern was statistically nonsignificant, the inverse relationship between α-SMA and CD34 positive cells is indicative of dynamic nature and the influence of tumor stroma in tumor progression and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sudheendra Udyavara
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Sridhara
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choudaha
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasetty
authors.forename: Prathamesh Satish
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Shreenivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kallianpur
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tijare
keywords: Cancer-associated fibroblasts; immunohistochemistry; metastasis; myofibroblasts; tumor stroma