title: Effects of Bacillus subtilis metabolites on larval Aedes aegypti L.
abstract: The culture supernatant of a strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil samples killed larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The metabolites produced by B. subtilis were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mortality rate was dose-dependent for all larval instars of A. aegypti. Log probit analysis (95% confidence level) revealed an LC50 of 1.73 and an LC90 3.71μg/ml. Molecular weights/masses of B. subtilis metabolites were confirmed using SDS-PAGE analysis. B. subtilis metabolites were confirmed using HPLC analysis. We demonstrate that secondary metabolites from B. subtilis have larvicidal activity against A. aegypti and may be suitable for the control of this and other mosquito vectors of human disease. The larvae to the metabolites, significant reduction in the activities of acetylcholinesterse, α-carboxylesterase, and acid phosphatases were recorded.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Revathi
authors.forename: Rajamanickam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: Annamalai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thanigaivel
authors.forename: Suyambulingam Arunachalam
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kirubakaran
authors.forename: Subbiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathish-Narayanan
authors.forename: Sengottayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senthil-Nathan
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase
keywords: 16S rRNA; Aedes aegypti; Bacillus subtilis; Digestive enzyme; Metabolites; Mortality