title: The pine bark Adelgid, Pineus strobi, contains two novel bacteriocyte-associated gammaproteobacterial symbionts.
abstract: Bacterial endosymbionts of the pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi (Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae), were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, 16S and 23S rRNA-based phylogeny, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Two morphologically different symbionts affiliated with the Gammaproteobacteria were present in distinct bacteriocytes. One of them ("Candidatus Annandia pinicola") is most closely related to an endosymbiont of Adelges tsugae, suggesting that they originate from a lineage already present in ancient adelgids before the hosts diversified into the two major clades, Adelges and Pineus. The other P. strobi symbiont ("Candidatus Hartigia pinicola") represents a novel symbiont lineage in members of the Adelgidae. Our findings lend further support for a complex evolutionary history of the association of adelgids with a phylogenetically diverse set of bacterial symbionts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Elena R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Toenshoff
authors.forename: Gitta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S