title: The peculiar epidemiology of dracunculiasis in Chad.
abstract: Dracunculiasis was rediscovered in Chad in 2010 after an apparent absence of 10 years. In April 2012 active village-based surveillance was initiated to determine where, when, and how transmission of the disease was occurring, and to implement interventions to interrupt it. The current epidemiologic pattern of the disease in Chad is unlike that seen previously in Chad or other endemic countries, i.e., no clustering of cases by village or association with a common water source, the average number of worms per person was small, and a large number of dogs were found to be infected. Molecular sequencing suggests these infections were all caused by Dracunculus medinensis. It appears that the infection in dogs is serving as the major driving force sustaining transmission in Chad, that an aberrant life cycle involving a paratenic host common to people and dogs is occurring, and that the cases in humans are sporadic and incidental.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Eberhard
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Tiben
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Fernand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toe
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: P Craig
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.forename: M Harley
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jenks
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hance
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holroyd
authors.forename: Vitaliano A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Cama
authors.forename: Mahamat Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: Tchonfienet
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mounda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002596:Chad / Q000453:epidemiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004320:Dracunculiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D004321:Dracunculus Nematode / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans