title: Public health in the field and the emergency operations center: methods for implementing real-time onsite syndromic surveillance at large public events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an onsite syndromic surveillance system for the early detection of public health emergencies and outbreaks at large public events.
  
  
  METHODS
  As the third largest public health jurisdiction in the United States, Maricopa County Department of Public Health has worked with academic and first-response partners to create an event-targeted syndromic surveillance (EVENTSS) system. This system complements long-standing traditional emergency department-based surveillance and provides public health agencies with rapid reporting of possible clusters of illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 high profile events, 164 patient reports were collected. Gastrointestinal and neurological syndromes were most commonly reported, followed by multisyndromic reports. Neurological symptoms were significantly increased during hot weather events. The interview rate was 2 to 7 interviews per 50 000 people per hour, depending on the ambient temperature. Discussion Study data allowed an estimation of baseline values of illness occurring at large public events. As more data are collected, prediction models can be built to determine threshold levels for public health response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EVENTSS was conducted largely by volunteer public health graduate students, increasing the response capacity for the health department. Onsite epidemiology staff could make informed decisions and take actions quickly in the event of a public health emergency.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson.
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pogreba-Brown
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diggs
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D002959:Civil Defense / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003441:Crowding; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005392:First Aid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors