title: Coffee consumption attenuates short-term fructose-induced liver insulin resistance in healthy men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic and experimental data have suggested that chlorogenic acid, which is a polyphenol contained in green coffee beans, prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether the consumption of chlorogenic acid-rich coffee attenuates the effects of short-term fructose overfeeding, dietary conditions known to increase intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCLs), and blood triglyceride concentrations and to decrease hepatic insulin sensitivity in healthy humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of 3 different coffees were assessed in 10 healthy volunteers in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. IHCLs, hepatic glucose production (HGP) (by 6,6-d2 glucose dilution), and fasting lipid oxidation were measured after 14 d of consumption of caffeinated coffee high in chlorogenic acid (C-HCA), decaffeinated coffee high in chlorogenic acid, or decaffeinated coffee with regular amounts of chlorogenic acid (D-RCA); during the last 6 d of the study, the weight-maintenance diet of subjects was supplemented with 4 g fructose · kg(-1) · d(-1) (total energy intake ± SD: 143 ± 1% of weight-maintenance requirements). All participants were also studied without coffee supplementation, either with 4 g fructose · kg(-1) · d(-1) (high fructose only) or without high fructose (control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control diet, the high-fructose diet significantly increased IHCLs by 102 ± 36% and HGP by 16 ± 3% and decreased fasting lipid oxidation by 100 ± 29% (all P < 0.05). All 3 coffees significantly decreased HGP. Fasting lipid oxidation increased with C-HCA and D-RCA (P < 0.05). None of the 3 coffees significantly altered IHCLs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coffee consumption attenuates hepatic insulin resistance but not the increase of IHCLs induced by fructose overfeeding. This effect does not appear to be mediated by differences in the caffeine or chlorogenic acid content. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00827450.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (VL, GC, LE, C Binnert, and LT); the Service of Internal Medicine (GC) and the Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (LT); Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Department of Clinical Research and Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland (AB, ELM, RK, and C Boesch); and Nutrition & Health Research, Nestlé Research Center, Nestec SA, Lausanne, Switzerland (C Binnert and CD).
authors.forename: Virgile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lecoultre
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: Léonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Egli
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Binnert
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: MacMillan
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kreis
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Darimont
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tappy
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005215:Fasting; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D002110:Caffeine; D005947:Glucose