title: Adiposity and different types of screen time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few prospective studies have examined separate forms of screen time in relation to adiposity. Our objective was to assess independent relations of television, electronic games (video/computer), and digital versatile disc (DVD)/videos and total screen time with change in adolescent BMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the 2004, 2006, and 2008 waves of the ongoing Growing up Today Study II, we assessed baseline and 2-year change in reported screen time in relation to concurrent change in BMI among 4287 girls and 3505 boys aged 9 to 16 years in 2004. Gender-specific models adjusted for previous BMI, age, race/ethnicity, growth/development, months between questionnaires, and physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among girls and boys, each hour per day increase in reported television viewing was associated with a 0.09 increase in BMI (Ps < .001), and each hour per day increase in total screen time was associated with a 0.07 increase among girls and 0.05 increase among boys (Ps < .001). Among girls only, greater baseline television, games, and total screen time and change in DVDs/videos were associated with gains in BMI (Ps < .05). BMI gains associated with change in television and total screen time were stronger among overweight girls than lean girls (Ps-heterogeneity < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Television, which remains the steadiest source of food advertising, was most consistently associated with BMI gains. Among girls, electronic games and DVDs/videos were also related to increased BMI, possibly due to influences of product placements and advergames on diet and/or distracted eating. Adolescents, especially overweight adolescents, may benefit from reduced time with multiple types of media.
authors.affiliation: Division of Community Health and Human Development, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720. jfalbe@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Falbe
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Kendrin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sonneville
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018910:Video Games / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014742:Videodisc Recording / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014743:Videotape Recording / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BMI; adiposity; adolescent; body weight; longitudinal studies; sedentary lifestyle; television; video games