title: Bioavailability of heavy metals using in vitro digestion model: a state of present knowledge.
abstract: In vitro digestion models are currently being used to detect heavy metals in soil, foods, consumer products, and house dust. However, determining the bioavailability of heavy metals using such models has limited applications compared with total heavy metal determination. This paper provides an overview of current trends in the development and utilization of in vitro digestion models for soil, foods, consumer products and house dust, as well as information that can be used to develop in vitro digestion models. We found that these models are applied more on food samples than on other samples, and that in vitro digestion models can be used in exposure and health risk assessments, which help determine cancer and non-cancer risks. Thus, this review improves our understanding and provides suggestions for a health risk assessment application using in vitro digestion model outputs.
authors.forename: Nurul Syazani
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Yuswir
authors.forename: Sarva Mangala
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Praveena
authors.forename: Ahmad Zaharin
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Aris
authors.forename: Zailina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hashim
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005504:Food Analysis; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy