title: Breathing synchronization in interconnected networks.
abstract: Global synchronization in a complex network of oscillators emerges from the interplay between its topology and the dynamics of the pairwise interactions among its numerous components. When oscillators are spatially separated, however, a time delay appears in the interaction which might obstruct synchronization. Here we study the synchronization properties of interconnected networks of oscillators with a time delay between networks and analyze the dynamics as a function of the couplings and communication lag. We discover a new breathing synchronization regime, where two groups appear in each network synchronized at different frequencies. Each group has a counterpart in the opposite network, one group is in phase and the other in anti-phase with their counterpart. For strong couplings, instead, networks are internally synchronized but a phase shift between them might occur. The implications of our findings on several socio-technical and biological systems are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Computational Physics, IfB, ETH-Honggerberg, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V H P
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Louzada
authors.forename: N A M
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Herrmann