title: Synopsis of congenital cardiac disease among children attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla, Enugu.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of congenital cardiac disease among children attending UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria. The nature of these abnormalities and the outcome were also considered. The exact etiology is unknown but genetic and environmental factors tend to be implicated. The difference in the pattern obtained worldwide and few studies in Nigeria could be due to genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, or ethnic origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of discharged cases in which a review of the cases of all children attending children outpatient clinics including cardiology clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu over a five year period (January 2007-June 2012) was undertaken. All the children presenting with cardiac anomalies were included in the study and the cases were investigated using ECG, X-ray and echocardiography studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 31,795 children attended the children outpatient clinics of the hospital over the study period. Of these, seventy one (71) had cardiac diseases. The overall prevalence of cardiac disease is 0.22%. The commonest symptoms were breathlessness, failure to thrive and cyanosis. Almost all types of congenital detects were represented, the commonest being isolated ventricular septal detect (VSD), followed by tetralogy of Fallot. One of these cardiac anomalies presented with Downs's syndrome and another with VACTERAL association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that 0.22% per cent of children who attended UNTH in Enugu State had congenital cardiac abnormalities and the commonest forms seen were those with VSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria/Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. josephat.chinawa@unn.edu.ng.
authors.forename: Josephat M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chinawa
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eze
authors.forename: Ikechukwu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Obi
authors.forename: Ijeoma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arodiwe
authors.forename: Fortune
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ujunwa
authors.forename: Adiele K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Daberechi
authors.forename: Herbert A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Obu
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities