title: Validation of the CKiD formulae to estimate GFR in children post renal transplant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study reported new formulae to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The study reported here aimed to assess the accuracy of these formulae in estimating levels and changes in GFR in pediatric renal transplant recipients and generate a new formula in our cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty-two studies of plasma disappearance of (125)I-iothalamate (CIO) were used to measure GFR in 155 renal transplant recipients. The CKiD bedside formula (CKiD-BS) was compared with CIO. A mixed logistic regression model was fit to evaluate the performance of estimating change in posttransplant CIO using CKiD-BS. We used mixed-effects linear regression to fit a multiplicative model of CIO. The CKiD cystatin-C-based formula (CKiD-Cys) was also used for comparison in 32 additional transplant recipients. Comparisons were made using Bland-Altman plots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CKiD-BS underestimates CIO by 20 % for GFR >25 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Percentage change in CKiD-BS performed reasonably well in estimating 15 % change of CIO beginning 6 months posttransplant [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.791)] The multiplicative constant in the CKiD-BS was recalibrated [R-Bedside = 0.461 × ht(cm)/SCr).]A GFR model [GFR-M) = 10.73 × [(ht(cm)]0.51/(SCr)0.90 × (BUN)0.23] has higher specificity but similar sensitivity for CIO compared with R-Bedside. CKiD-Cys overestimates CIO by 10 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) across a broad range of GFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort, the CKiD-BS underestimates CIO; however, changes in CKiD-BS can be used to estimate changes in CIO. CKiD-Cys overestimates CIO and is not accurate in estimating CIO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Khurrum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Leisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borders
authors.forename: Mouin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Seikaly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007483:Iothalamic Acid; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D007483:Iothalamic Acid