title: Enhancement of solubility, dissolution release profile and reduction in ulcerogenicity of piroxicam by inclusion complex with skimmed milk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Piroxicam (PXM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which is poorly soluble in water and ulcerogenic. Milk has been used against the gastric disturbances caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, skimmed milk (SKM) is used as the carrier for inclusion complex (IC) due to its surface active agent and amino acid content.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To enhance the solubility, dissolution rate and prevent ulcerogenicity of PXM though IC with SKM.
  
  
  METHODS
  IC of PXM were prepared with SKM by solvent evaporation method using rota evaporator and were evaluated for solubility, dissolution, solid state characterization, drug excipient interaction, rat intestinal permeation, ulcerogenicity and histopathological studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solubility of PXM was enhanced 2.5 times with IC. The dissolution release and amount of PXM permeated through rat small intestine was enhanced significantly with IC. Decreases in the gastric lesion index values of IC were observed than physical mixture (PM) and free PXM. The histopathological studies revealed significant reduction in ulceration in rat stomach after treatment with IC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that SKM is a good carrier to prepare IC of PXM for oral administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (Formerly Lalitha College of Pharmacy), Anurag Group of Institutions , Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanka
authors.forename: Venkata Saidheeraj
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Munjulury
authors.forename: Abdul Bari
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mohd
authors.forename: Prakash V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Diwan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010894:Piroxicam
keywords: Dissolution; NSAIDs; piroxicam; skimmed milk; solubility; ulcerogenicity