title: ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit the proliferation of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro.
abstract: ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), in particular the marine-derived forms eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been demonstrated to affect cancer cell replication, the cell cycle and cell death. Epidemiological studies have also suggested diets rich in n-3 PUFA were inversely correlated with the development of cancer. In the present study, we explored the effects of DHA and EPA on the proliferation activity and apoptosis of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and morphological analysis was determined by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A549 cells were treated with different doses of DHA (40, 45, 50 and 55 µg/ml) or EPA (45, 50, 55 and 60 µg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The results demonstrated that DHA and EPA significantly suppressed the proliferation of A549 cells and induced apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The apoptotic phenomenon was also confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, compared with the control, the formation of autophagosomes was clearly enhanced in DHA‑ or EPA-treated cells. In conclusion, DHA and EPA inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and induced cell apoptosis and autophagy, which may provide new safe and effective options for the treatment of lung cancer in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qing-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yue-Biao
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid