title: Intrathecal sufentanil or fentanyl as adjuvants to low dose bupivacaine in endoscopic urological procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opioids are being increasingly used these days as adjuvants to local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to compare the effects of adding sufentanil or fentanyl to low dose bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for endoscopic urological procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 elective endoscopic urological surgery patients, 40-80 years old, received spinal anesthesia with 7.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (Group A) or by adding sufentanil 10 g (Group B) or fentanyl 25 g (Group C) to 5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%. These groups were compared in terms of the quality of spinal anesthesia as well as analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset of sensory and motor blockade was significantly rapid in Group A as compared with Groups B and C. The maximum upper level of sensory block was higher in Group A patients than Groups B and C patients. Quality of analgesia was significantly better and prolonged in sufentanil group as compared with other two groups. Motor block was more intense and prolonged in Group A as compared with Groups B and C patients. Request for post-operative analgesic was significantly delayed in Group B patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spinal anesthesia for endoscopic urological procedures in elderly patients using low dose bupivacaine (5 mg) combined with 10 μg sufentanil is associated with a lower incidence of hemodynamic instability, better quality and prolonged duration as compared to that by adding 25 μg fentanyl.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sampley
authors.forename: Suneet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kathuria
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katyal
keywords: Adjuvants; bupivacaine; fentanyl; intrathecal; low dose spinal; sufentanil