title: Upregulation of GM-CSF by TGF-β1 in epithelial mesenchymal transition of human HERS/ERM cells.
abstract: Hertwig's epithelial root sheath/epithelial rests of Malassez (HERS/ERM) have been suggested to play an important role in tooth root formation, particularly in periodontal development. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been suggested to contribute to root development in tooth. However, the mechanism of interaction between HERS/ERM cells and dental mesenchymal cells has not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in human HERS/ERM cells in order to verify the role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in EMT process. Antibody array was used to screen secretion factors by exogenous TGF-β1. Secretion of GM-CSF was increased by exogenous TGF-β1. Expression levels of EMT markers, vimentin, ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1), and E-cadherin, were confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. Treatment with GM-CSF increased the expression of vimentin and ZEB1, similar to TGF-β1 treatment, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin. Our results suggest that GM-CSF could induce EMT in human HERS/ERM cells.
authors.affiliation: Biotooth Engineering Lab, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Craniomaxillofacial Life Science, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Soyoun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Juhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byoung Moo
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014746:Vimentin; C486307:ZEB1 protein, human; D000071799:Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor