title: Measurement of phenolic environmental estrogens in women with uterine leiomyoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of phenolic environmental estrogens on uterine leiomyoma from the perspective of clinical epidemiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine and blood samples were collected from Han women with uterine leiomyoma and women without uterine leiomyoma, living in Nanjing, China, between September 2011 and February 2013. A total of 156 urine samples and 214 blood samples were collected from the uterine leiomyoma group and 106 urine samples and 126 blood plasma samples from the control group. Bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) concentrations were determined by solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phenolic environmental estrogens in the uterine leiomyoma and control groups were compared based on: gravida>3 and gravida ≤ 3. In participants with gravida>3, urine OP concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the uterine leiomyoma group than in the control group. In participants with gravida ≤ 3, urine NP concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the uterine leiomyoma group compared to controls. Despite obstetric history, urine BPA mean exposure concentration was significantly (P<0.05) different between uterine leiomyoma group and control group. The urine BPA concentration was not significantly (P>0.05) different between gravida>3 and gravida ≤ 3 patients. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in plasma concentrations of BPA, OP and NP between the leiomyoma group and control group. Mean exposure concentration and range of distribution of BPA, OP and NP plasma concentration differed between the uterine leiomyoma and control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure level of phenolic environmental estrogens in human was related with leiomyoma tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Mulan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yunlang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yongxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C474055:octylphenol; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds