title: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: This article examines causes of occult, moderate and severe lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. The difference in the workup of stable vs unstable patients is stressed. Treatment options ranging from minimally invasive techniques to open surgery are explored.
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine (ACCM), Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Tower, 1800 Orleans Street, Suite 6017, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Marcie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feinman
authors.forename: Elliott R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Haut
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016888:Angiodysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D041741:Lower Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000601:surgery*; D008551:Melena / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures
keywords: Angiodysplasia; Diverticulosis; Hematochezia; Melena