title: Pediatric invasive streptococcal infection in northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido, Japan from 2010 to 2012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The frequency of occurrence of pediatric invasive streptococcal infection in Japan has not been studied, therefore the aim of this study was to survey the northern and eastern regions of Hokkaido from 2010 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey sheets were sent to the pediatric departments at 17 facilities where children in the subject region can be hospitalized. Responses were obtained from all of the 17 facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients developed group A streptococcal infection over the 3 years, and their ages ranged from 1 day after the birth to 15 years old. Sepsis was diagnosed in five children, and empyema and arthritis in the knee were found in one child each, respectively. The number of cases in children under 15 years old was six excluding the child who was 15 years old, and the incidence rate per 100,000 population was 1.00. Eight children developed group B streptococcal infection, and their ages ranged from 0 days to 2 months after birth. Two cases were the early onset type (age within 7 days) and six cases were the late onset type. Five children developed sepsis and three children developed meningitis. The frequency of occurrence was 0.24 per 1000 births; which was 0.06 per 1000 births for the early onset type and was 0.18 per 1000 births for the late onset type. No reports for group C or group G hemolytic streptococcal infection were obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence rates identified in the present survey are similar to those in other advanced countries, and appear to be valid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes
keywords: epidemiology; invasive group A streptococcal infection; invasive group B streptococcal infection; invasive group C streptococcal infection; invasive group G streptococcal infection