title: The expression and prognosis of Emi1 and Skp2 in breast carcinoma: associated with PI3K/Akt pathway and cell proliferation.
abstract: S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2) is oncogenic and overexpressed in human breast cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of early mitotic inhibitor-1 (Emi1) over-expression on Skp2 expression and related signaling pathway in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 98 human breast carcinoma samples and the data were correlated with clinicopathologic features. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was performed for Emi1 and Skp2 in breast carcinoma samples and cell lines to evaluate their protein levels and molecular interaction. We found that the expression of Emi1 was positively related with Skp2 expression (P < 0.01) and Emi1 expression correlated significantly with histologic grade (P = 0.005), meanwhile Skp2 expression obtained similar results. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that survival curves of low versus high expressers of Emi1 and Skp2 showed a highly significant separation in human breast cancer (P < 0.01). While in vitro, following release of breast cancer cell lines from serum starvation, the expression of Emi1, Skp2, phosphor-Akt (p-Akt) was up-regulated, whereas p27(Kip1) was down-regulated. Treatment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 could arrest cells growth and diminish Emi1 expression. These results suggested that Emi1's anti-apoptotic and proliferative abilities appear to be triggered at least in part by the modulation of Skp2, combined Emi1 and Skp2 expressions, may be prognostic for patients with invasive breast carcinomas, which also associated with p-Akt and enabled p27(kip1) degradation. Emi1 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy aimed at PI3K for the management of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China, liuxiaobing0814@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Junfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chenyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Shuyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qichao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D044783:F-Box Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D044783:F-Box Proteins; C498960:FBXO5 protein, human; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt