title: The identification of tattoo designs under cover-up tattoos using digital infrared photography.
abstract: This paper looks at digital infrared photography as a technique for identifying primary tattoos even if they have been covered up with additional tattoos. The study's goal was to look at a sufficient number of cover-up tattoos using infrared photography to enable the technique to be used more widely, and to attempt to elucidate the reasons for successful and unsuccessful infrared photography of primary tattoos through cover-up tattoos. Thirty-six tattoos were photographed in infrared along with colour control records. The results showed that primary tattoos could be visualized to some extent in 55.6 % of the cover-up tattoos and very well in 38.9%, this still left some 44.4% where the design of the primary tattoo could not be seen. The extent of visibility of underlying designs was found to depend on the ink colour, ink density and the extent to which the tattooist covered or incorporated the existing tattoo into the new design.
authors.affiliation: Communicating author, David Bryson, Senior Lecturer, Biological Sciences Research Group, University of Derby , Kedleston Road, Derby. DE22 1GB , UK . E-mail: D.Bryson@derby.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007259:Infrared Rays; D010781:Photography; D013653:Tattooing