title: Injudicious use of laboratory facilities in tertiary care hospitals at Rawalpindi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional descriptive study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years inappropriate and excessive use of clinical laboratory facilities has become a cause of concern and has led to concurrent rise in the laboratory errors and the health care costs. The aim of the study was to find out the frequency of incomplete laboratory request forms, inappropriate test requests at various professional levels and the financial impact of uncollected reports at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Laboratory Rawalpindi.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during a three month period from April to June 2012 at AFIP and CMH Laboratory Rawalpindi. A total of 1000 laboratory request forms were collected and scrutinized for completion from AFIP (n=500) and CMH Rawalpindi laboratory (n=500). 536 request forms of costly/specialized tests from different departments of AFIP were studied to find out the professional level of test request. The total number of tests performed at AFIP during the study period and number of uncollected reports were noted. The financial impact of these uncollected reports was also calculated. Collection of data and sorting were done manually. Patient confidentiality was maintained. Microsoft excel software and SPSS-17 were used for analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of a total of 1000 forms studied none was completely filled with clinical notes being present in only 2.4% and 13% of forms sent to CMH and AFIP respectively. 62% of the expensive investigations were requested by specialists while 38% were ordered by residents and general practitioners but the percentage of avoidable expensive tests ordered by the general practitioners and residents was significantly higher than the specialists(p<0.001). A total of 9026 (40%) and 5046 (22%) diagnostic test reports were not collected from the Chemical pathology and Hematology departments respectively. Financial impact of uncollected reports from all the departments at AFIP collectively amounted to Pakistani Rupees (PKR) 3338201.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Processing incomplete laboratory request forms and injudicious use of laboratory facilities leads to incorrect interpretation of laboratory test results affecting outcome of the overall treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Army Medical College, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. wafamuniransari@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Farooq
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Dilshad Ahmed
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Wafa Munir
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Farooq Ahmad
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010154:Pakistan; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*