title: The role of anterior hyaloid face integrity on retinal complications during Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated anterior hyaloid damage (AHD), AHD-related Nd:YAG laser parameters, and retinal complications in subjects that underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for cataracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 277 pseudophakic eyes of 216 patients treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification were enrolled. Pulse number, pulse energy, and total energy were noted for each eye. All procedures were performed with a sense of anterior hyaloid protection. Anterior hyaloid faces were assessed during procedure and 1 day after the procedure. Eyes with biomicroscopically invisible anterior hyaloid face were excluded from statistical analysis. Eyes with and without AHD were compared according to Nd:YAG laser parameters. Retinal complications were evaluated at day 1, week 1, month 1, and month 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 22 eyes (7.9 % of 277 eyes), the anterior hyaloid face couldn't be assessed biomicroscopically. Anterior hyaloid damage was observed in 49 eyes (19.2 % of 255 eyes). The pulse number, pulse energy, and total energy were observed to be higher in eyes with AHD (P < .001, P = .024, P < .001, respectively). Cystoid macular edema was detected in five eyes (three with AHD) at 1-week examination. Localized retinal detachment occurred in one eye with AHD. Occurrence of retinal complication in the AHD(+) group was 12.7 times higher than in the AHD(-) group, adjusted for total energy used (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of AHD may increase with high pulse number, pulse energy, and total energy. Anterior hyaloid face integrity should be considered for YAG laser-related retinal complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ünye State Hospital, Ordu, Turkey, erhanozyol@mynet.com.
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozyol
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ozyol
authors.forename: Beyza
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doğanay Erdoğan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058442:Capsule Opacification / Q000601:surgery*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057852:Posterior Capsule of the Lens / Q000601:surgery*; D064727:Posterior Capsulotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000503:physiopathology*