title: Methylation of P16 in exhaled breath condensate for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-small cell lung cancer is the most frequently cause of cancer-related death in the world. To explore the technical feasibility, we detected aberrant promoter methylation of P16 in exhaled breath condensate which was a new, non-invasive tool for diagnosis and screening program of NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed aberrant promoter methylation of P16 in 180 samples from 60 individuals, including 30 NSCLC patients (cancer tissues, adjacent normal lung tissues, blood plasma, and EBC), and 30 healthy controls (blood plasma and EBC) by fluorescent quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (F-MSP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The positive rate of aberrant promoter methylation of P16 was 26 of 30 (86.66%) in tumor tissues, 15 of 30 (50%) in blood plasma, and 12 of 30 (40%) in EBC, we have not observed the positive methylation of P16 in the adjacent normal lung tissues, or in EBC or blood plasma from the healthy control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that detected promoter methylation of P16 in EBC was feasibility, it should be an useful biomarker for diagnosis of NSCLC, it have potential prospect that detected the gene molecular in EBC because of noninvasive, specificity, convenient and repeatable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China. Electronic address: kingfalcon@163.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China. Electronic address: drchenjr@163.com.
authors.forename: Jian-rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Chen-xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Qichan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Guo-hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Yi-jiang
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
authors.forename: Jing-liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D019175:DNA Methylation; D045853:Exhalation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057089:Pathology, Molecular; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004247:DNA
keywords: Biological markers; DNA methylation; Diagnosis; Exhaled breath condensate; Fluorescence; Gene P16; Non-small cell lung cancer; Polymerase chain reaction