title: Smokeless tobacco use, tooth loss and oral health issues among adults in Cameroon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco use in smokeless and smoked forms is preventable cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use and the association with tooth loss and oral health problems among adults in Cameroon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults dwelling in the Fokoue area of West Region of Cameroon were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 226 participants studied, 119 of them reported smokeless tobacco use giving a prevalence of 52.7% with majority-74 (62.2%) chewing it. Three-quarters (77.3%) of the respondents use it more than than thrice-daily and more than half of them respondents have been using it for 6-10 years. The smokeless tobacco users were more of those aged 50-59 years, females, farmers, those with less than post-primary education, non alcohol consumers and those that have not received previous dental care than smokeless tobacco users. However, it was only age (p=0.006) and educational attainment (p=0.009) that were significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. Smokeless tobacco user were more likely to have poor oral hygiene, dental caries, gingival recession, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, abnormal growth, tooth wear lesion, experienced tooth loss and edentulousnss than non smokeless tobacco users. However, the significantly associated lesions with smokeless tobacco use were tooth loss (p=0.008), edentulousness (p=0.016), gingival recession (p=0.006) and leukoplakia (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was high among adults in Cameroon and it was associated with more likelihood of oral health problems. There is therefore a need for health education on the health consequences of the smokeless tobacco use with demonstrations by the dentist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Agbor
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Azodo
authors.forename: T S M
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tefouet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009909:Oral Health; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Smokeless tobacco; adults; mucosal problems; tooth loss