title: Self-organization of axial polarity, inside-out layer pattern, and species-specific progenitor dynamics in human ES cell-derived neocortex.
abstract: Here, using further optimized 3D culture that allows highly selective induction and long-term growth of human ES cell (hESC)-derived cortical neuroepithelium, we demonstrate unique aspects of self-organization in human neocorticogenesis. Self-organized cortical tissue spontaneously forms a polarity along the dorsocaudal-ventrorostral axis and undergoes region-specific rolling morphogenesis that generates a semispherical structure. The neuroepithelium self-forms a multilayered structure including three neuronal zones (subplate, cortical plate, and Cajal-Retzius cell zones) and three progenitor zones (ventricular, subventricular, and intermediate zones) in the same apical-basal order as seen in the human fetal cortex in the early second trimester. In the cortical plate, late-born neurons tend to localize more basally to early-born neurons, consistent with the inside-out pattern seen in vivo. Furthermore, the outer subventricular zone contains basal progenitors that share characteristics with outer radial glia abundantly found in the human, but not mouse, fetal brain. Thus, human neocorticogenesis involves intrinsic programs that enable the emergence of complex neocortical features.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Organogenesis and Neurogenesis and Four-Dimensional Tissue Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadoshima
authors.forename: Hideya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Tokushige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soen
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eiraku
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasai
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen; D004338:Drug Combinations; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011725:Pyridines; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D011725:Pyridines; C059485:matrigel; C108830:Y 27632; D003094:Collagen
keywords: corticogenesis; stratification