title: Genotoxic risk in rubber manufacturing industry: a systematic review.
abstract: A large body of evidence from epidemiological studies among workers employed in the rubber manufacturing industry has indicated a significant excess cancer risk in a variety of sites. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has recently classified the "Occupational exposures in the rubber-manufacturing industry" as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). A genotoxic mechanism for the increased cancer risk was suggested on the basis of the evidence from the scientific literature. Exposure assessment studies have shown that workers in the rubber manufacturing industry may be exposed to different airborne carcinogenic and/or genotoxic chemicals, such as certain aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitrosamines, although the available information does not allow to establish a causal association of cancer or genotoxic risk with particular substances/classes of chemicals or specific jobs. The aim of this paper is to critically evaluate, by conducting a systematic review, the available biomonitoring studies using genotoxicity biomarkers in rubber manufacturing industry. This systematic review suggests that a genotoxic hazard may still be present in certain rubber manufacturing industries. A quantitative risk assessment needs further studies addressing the different, processes and chemicals in the rubber manufacturing industries.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS AUO San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: claudia.bolognesi@hsanmartino.it.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolognesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, Luigi Sacco Hospital, via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy; International Centre for Pesticides and Health Risks Prevention (ICPS), Luigi Sacco Hospital, via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moretto
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000032:analysis; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D066192:Manufacturing Industry; D009154:Mutation; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012408:Rubber / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D012408:Rubber
keywords: DNA adducts; Genotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Occupational exposure; Rubber manufacturing industry; Tire manufacturing