title: Topical formulations containing Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus extract: In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo efficacy against UV-B-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus is a Brazilian native plant that presents high concentrations of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds. Herein, we evaluated: (1) the chemical properties of P. pseudocaryophyllus ethanolic extract (PPE), (2) the in vitro antioxidant activity (AA) of PPE and of two different topical formulations (F1 and F2) containing PPE, (3) physico-chemical and functional stability, (4) in vitro release of PPE, and (5) in vivo capacity of formulations to prevent UV-B irradiation-induced skin damage. Results show that the polyphenol and flavonoid contents in PPE were 199.33 and 28.32 mg/g, respectively, and HPLC results show the presence of eugenol, tannic acid, and rutin. Evaluation of the in vitro AA of PPE demonstrated a dose-dependent effect and an IC50 of 4.75 μg/mL in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3.0 μg/mL in 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP assay) was 0.046 μmol/L trolox equivalent/μg/mL of extract. Among the AA, only the capacity to scavenge DPPH radical of PPE was maintained in F1 and F2. In addition, both formulations satisfactorily released the extract. The evaluation of the functional stability of F1 and F2 did not demonstrate loss of activity by storage at room temperature and at 4°C/6 months. In irradiated mice, treatment with F1 and F2 added with PPE significantly increased the capacity to scavenge ABTS radical and the FRAP of skin compared to vehicle-treated mice. In conclusion, the present results suggest that formulations containing PPE may be a topical source of antioxidant compounds to decrease oxidative damages of the skin.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, Vila Operária, 86039-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcela Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Campanini
authors.forename: Dayana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Custódio
authors.forename: Ana L M
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ivan
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Maria J R
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Paranzini
authors.forename: Renata M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Waldiceu A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Verri
authors.forename: Fabiana T M C
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Vicentini
authors.forename: Nilton S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Terezinha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de J Faria
authors.forename: Marcela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baracat
authors.forename: Rúbia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.forename: Sandra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Georgetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D027841:Pimenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D000431:Ethanol; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl