title: Contrast enhanced MR venography with gadofosveset trisodium: evaluation of the intracranial and extracranial venous system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the efficacy of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance venography (CEMRV) using gadofosveset trisodium in the comprehensive evaluation of the intracranial and extracranial venous system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temporal signal decay, in-plane saturation and flow artifacts were assessed in an institutional review board approved, HIPAA compliant CEMRV study of 99 subjects. In a 39 subject subset, percent diameter narrowing of the internal jugular (IJ), brachiocephalic and azygous veins were coded according to the following ordinal grades for both catheter venography (CV) and CEMRV: grade 0 ≤ 50%, grade 1 >50% and ≤ 75%, grade 2 >75% and <100% and grade 3 = 100% and compared with pressure gradient measurements obtained during CV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant signal decay, in-plane saturation or flow artifacts identified on CEMRV or hemodynamically significant pressure gradients identified on CV. All brachiocephalic and azygous veins had matched grade 0 narrowing on both modalities. Discrepancy between modalities occurred in the IJ veins at the level of thyroid gland where 15% of IJ veins had CEMRV grade ≥ 1 narrowing compared with 4% for CV or below the thyroid gland where 5% of IJ veins had CEMRV grade ≥ 1 narrowing compared with 20% for CV. There was fair agreement (κ = 0.24) between modalities for grade of narrowing in the combined data set of all coded veins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEMRV using gadofosveset trisodium is accurate in the evaluation of the venous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Khader M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Jared H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Heimbigner
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Staley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brod
authors.forename: Ponnada A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Narayana
authors.forename: Jerry S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D005682:Gadolinium; C109932:gadofosveset trisodium
keywords: Gadolinium; MRV; contrast; gadofosveset trisodium; multiple sclerosis