title: Interaction between diabetes specialist nurses and patients during group sessions about self-management in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the interaction between diabetes specialist nurses (DSNs) and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) during group sessions about self-management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten DSNs and 44 patients were observed during group sessions about self-management, and thereafter the observations were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interaction was characterized by three themes: becoming empowered, approaching each other from different perspectives, and struggling for authority. The interaction was not a linear process, but rather a dynamic process with distinct episodes that characterized the content of the sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to achieve an interaction that is patient-centered, where the DSN is aware of each patient's individual needs and avoids responding to patients in a normative way. A satisfying interaction may strengthen patients' self-management, and also may strengthen the DSNs in their professional performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Authority struggles between patients and DSNs could be a prerequisite for patients to become autonomous and decisive in self-management. DSNs might benefit from an increased awareness about this issue, because they can better support patients if they do not perceive authority struggles as threats to their professional role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: eva.bostrom@nurs.umu.se.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boström
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Isaksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lundman
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ulla H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Graneheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Åsa
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Hörnsten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013637:Tape Recording
keywords: Diabetes specialist nurse; Interaction; Patient; Self-management; Type 2 diabetes