title: Use of a virtual reality physical ride-on sailing simulator as a rehabilitation tool for recreational sports and community reintegration: a pilot study.
abstract: Participation in sailing by people with disabilities, particularly in small sailboats, is widely regarded as having positive outcomes on self-esteem and general health for the participants. However, a major hurdle for people with no previous experience of sailing, even by those without disabilities, is the perception that sailing is elitist, expensive, and dangerous. Real-time "ride-on" sailing simulators have the potential to bridge the gap between dry-land and on-the-water sailing. These provide a realistic, safe, and easily supervised medium in which nonsailors can easily and systematically learn the required skills before venturing out on the water. The authors report a 12-wk pilot therapeutic sailing program using the VSail-Access sailing simulation system followed by on-water experience. After completion of the training, all subjects demonstrated the ability to navigate a simple course around marker buoys (triangular configuration) on the computer screen, the ability to sail independently in winds of moderate strength (up to 14 knots) on water, and measurable improvements in their psychologic health. In addition, the subjects were able to participate in a sports activity with their respective family members and experienced a sense of optimism about their future.
authors.affiliation: From The International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland (ACR, DB, MM, JWM); Department of Biomedical Engineering (LPS), Department of Neurology (DB, JWM), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (ACR, JWM), Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Australia (NRS).
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Recio
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Norman R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Lawrence P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012767:Ships; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D064846:Sports for Persons with Disabilities