title: Enrofloxacin: pharmacokinetics and metabolism in domestic animal species.
abstract: Enrofloxacin is a fluorquinolone exclusively developed for use in veterinary medicine (1980). The kinetics of enrofloxacin are characterized, in general terms, by high bioavailability in most species and rapid absorption after IM, SC or oral administration. However, several studies reported that enrofloxacin showed low bioavailability after oral administration in ruminants. This drug has a broad distribution in the organism, excellent tissue penetration and long serum half-life. Also, enrofloxacin is characterized by a low host toxicity, a broad antibacterial spectrum and high bactericidal activity against major pathogenic bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative), and intracellular organisms found in diseased animals. The kinetics vary according to the route of administration, formulation, animal species, age, body condition, and physiological status, all of which contribute to differences in drug efficacy. The pharmacokinetic properties of drugs are closely related to their pharmacological efficiency, so it is important to know their behavior in each species that is used. This article reviews the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in several domestic animal species.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Cadenas
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sierra-Vega
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: García-Vieitez
authors.forename: M José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Diez-Liébana
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahagún-Prieto
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain. clopcd@unileon.es.
authors.forename: Nélida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D059003:Topoisomerase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D059003:Topoisomerase Inhibitors; D000077422:Enrofloxacin