title: Cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial variation in normal Saudi population according to Steiner analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to describe the craniofacial pattern of Saudi ethnic groups and to compare it with accepted standards for the Caucasian population according to Steiner analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 87 Saudi students (74 male and 13 females) with balanced harmonious faces and clinically acceptable permanent occlusion, aged 21-27 years old were used. A computer-aided cephalometric analysis was performed, and the mean values and standard deviations for the various cephalometric variables were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison of the results with the Steiner standards showed that the Saudis have relatively similar skeletal relationship and dentally there was a tendency toward bimaxillary protrusion. Further, there was a decrease in the lower facial height.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was evident that even in the Saudi ethnic groups with so-called well-balanced faces, there were some fundamental variations in the craniofacial structure of the Saudi Arab when compared with Steiner norms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (1) 4677310/4676648. Fax. +966 (1) 4678648 E-mail: njasser@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Jasser