title: Feasibility of infrared and Raman spectroscopies for identification of juvenile black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) intoxicated by heavy metals.
abstract: The potential application of infrared and Raman spectroscopies was explored as rapid and nondestructive tools for the identification of juvenile black seabream samples intoxicated by heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Cd). Discrimination models were established on the basis of the infrared and Raman spectral data using three calibration methods, namely, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, least-squares support vector machines, and random forest. The combination of two spectroscopies was studied, in which three combination strategies were proposed and compared. Discrimination models achieved overall correct discriminations of 100% for identifying the fish intoxicated by one heavy metal or the heavy metal mixture. When samples intoxicated by different heavy metals were analyzed together, the discrimination accuracy remained >90%. Results confirmed the possibility of developing fast and reliable systems for the identification of juvenile black seabream intoxicated by heavy metals based on infrared and Raman spectroscopies.
authors.affiliation: College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Information, Wenzhou University Chashan University Town , Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Maocang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010473:Perciformes / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy