title: Kinanthropometric and performance characteristics of elite and non-elite female softball players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to compare the kinanthropometric and performance characteristics of elite and non-elite female softball players.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total forty elite and non-elite level female softball players were selected from the different colleges affiliated to the Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, for the present study. The height of subjects was measured by using the standard anthropometric rod. Weight was measured with portable weighing machine. Widths and diameters of body parts were measured by using digital caliper. Girths and lengths were taken with steel tape. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken using the Slimguide skinfold caliper. All subjects were also assessed for performance tests i.e. vertical jump, 50m sprint, medicine ball throw, 10×4m shuttle run and reaction time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent samples t-test reveals that elite female softball players were significantly taller (P<0.05) than the non- elite players. The elite female softball players also had significantly greater biacromial (P<0.05), bi- illiocristal (P<0.05) and bicondylar femur (P<0.05) diameters and forearm circumference (P<0.05) as compared to non-elite female softball players. The non-elite female softball players were found to have significantly greater thigh circumference (P<0.05), triceps (P<0.05) and subscapular (P<0.05) skinfold thicknesses than the elite female softball players. The non-elite players were also found to have significantly higher percentage body fat (P<0.05) than the elite players. In performance tests, the elite players were found to have significantly better reaction time (P<0.05), speed (P<0.05) and agility (P<0.05) as compared to non-elite female softball players.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elite female softball players had significantly greater kinanthropometric characteristics, body composition and performance characteristics than the non-elite female softball players.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education (T), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India - mandeep_balz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rathi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult