title: Prevention of retrosternal pericardial adhesions after cardiac surgery with mitomycin C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retrosternal pericardial adhesions may cause significant injuries to the heart and great vessels in cases that require reoperation. Fibroblast proliferation is one of the mechanisms for adhesion formation. Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation is important in reduction of retrosternal adhesions. Mitomycin C (MMC) is able to reduce fibroblast proliferation. We aimed to determine the effect of MMC on prevention of retrosternal pericardial adhesions after primary cardiac operations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Sprague-Dawley female rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into two groups. First group was control (n=10) and second group was MMC study group (n=20). Xiphoid cartilage resection and retrosternal abrasion via subxiphoidal incision was performed. In the study group, MMC (1mg/kg) was topically applied to the retrosternal space. After 15 days, rats were taken into reoperation and adhesion was graded. Tissue and blood samples were taken before termination procedure. Standard staining procedures and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 antibody staining, were applied immunohistochemically to tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average adhesion scores of the control (n=10) and study (n=20) (MMC; 1mg/kg) groups were 2.50 ± 1.27 and 0.70 ± 0.86, respectively. The adhesion score of the study group was lower than the control group (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical samples revealed that tissue fibroblast intensity was significantly higher in the control group than the study group (p<0.05). There was no statistical significance between two groups in case of hydroxyproline levels (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMC was found to be effective in the prevention of retrosternal pericardial adhesions without any delay in normal tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Farabi Hospital, Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery, Konya, Turkey. Electronic address: atillaorhan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.affiliation: Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical School, Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Niyazi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Görmüş
authors.affiliation: Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical School, Dept. of Pathology, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toy
authors.affiliation: Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical School, Dept. of Physiology, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Işık Solak
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Görmüş
authors.affiliation: Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of. Biochemistry, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Çağlayan
authors.affiliation: Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical School, Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ömer
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Tanyeli
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D016685:Mitomycin
keywords: Adhesion prevention; Cardiac reoperations; Mitomycin C; Pericardial adhesions; Surgical adhesions