title: Outcomes of intracorporeal lithotripsy of upper tract stones is not affected by BMI and skin-to-stone distance (SSD) in obese and morbid patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine if body mass index (BMI) and stone skin distance (SSD) affect stone free rate (SFR) in obese and morbid obese patients who underwent flexible URS for proximal ureteral or renal stones < 20 mm.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed of consecutive patients that underwent flexible URS. Inclusion criteria were: proximal ureteral stones and renal stones less than 20 mm in the preoperative computed tomography (CT). SFR were then compared according to SSD and BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 patients were eligible for this analysis, 49 (32.02%) with SSD < 10 cm and 104 (67.97%) with SSD ≥ 10 cm. The mean stone size was 10.5 ± 6.4 mm. The overall SFR in our study was 82.4%. The SFR for the SSD < 10 and ≥ 10 were 79.6% and 83.7% respectively (p = 0.698) and for BMI < 30, ≥ 30 and < 40 and ≥ 40 were 82.9%, 81.7% and 90.9% respectively. Regression analysis showed no affect between BMI or SSD regarding SFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteroscopy should be considered as a first-line of treatment for renal/proximal stones in obese and morbid obese patients. URS may be preferable to SWL in obese patients independently of the SSD, BMI or the location of proximal stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pompeo
authors.forename: Wilson R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sehrt
authors.forename: Fernando J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D061646:Operative Time; D010316:Particle Size; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*