title: n-Butanol soluble fraction of the water extract of Chinese toon fruit ameliorated focal brain ischemic insult in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Toona sinensis Roem. (Meliaceae; Toona sinensis; Chinese toon) is a type of arbor that is widely distributed in Asia. The fruits of Toona sinensis Roem has been traditionally recognized for treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. To evaluate the potential clinical use of the fruits of Toona sinensis Roem, we determined the dose dependence of the neuroprotective efficacy in a focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion model of rats and explored the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) by a nylon filament and treated with different doses (20mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) of n-butanol soluble fraction of the water extract of Chinese toon fruit or the vehicle for 1 week before induction of ischemia, s.i.d..
  
  
  RESULTS
  n-Butanol soluble fraction of the water extract of Chinese toon fruit reduced in a dose-dependent manner the ischemia-induced cerebral infarct and edema volume and attenuated neurological deficits observed at 6h point after ischemia. n-Butanol soluble fraction of the water extract of Chinese toon fruit reduced the levels of nitrate, nitrite, lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase-1, thromboxane in post-ischemic brain. n-Butanol soluble fraction of the water extract of Chinese toon fruit adjusted the elevation of the activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in ischemic brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study was the first evidence of effectiveness of n-butanol soluble fraction of the water extract of Chinese toon fruit in the rat stroke models, as it reduced infarct volume, inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Medical School of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: The First Renmin Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Medical School of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Medical School of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: christinqy@163.com.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: Medical School of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China. Electronic address: hezhi2003@126.com.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhi
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D020001:1-Butanol; D011464:Epoprostenol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: (n-Butanol soluble fraction of the water extract of Chinese toon fruit); Brain ischemia; CTFBE; Chinese toon; Cyclooxygenase; Middle cerebral artery occlusion; Oxidative stress