title: Type 2 diabetes elicits lower nitric oxide, bradykinin concentration and kallikrein activity together with higher DesArg(9)-BK and reduced post-exercise hypotension compared to non-diabetic condition.
abstract: This study compared the plasma kallikrein activity (PKA), bradykinin concentration (BK), DesArg(9)-BK production, nitric oxide release (NO) and blood pressure (BP) response after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise performed by individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 without type 2 diabetes (ND) underwent three sessions: 1) maximal incremental test on cycle ergometer to determine lactate threshold (LT); 2) 20-min of constant-load exercise on cycle ergometer, at 90% LT and; 3) control session. BP and oxygen uptake were measured at rest and at 15, 30 and 45 min post-exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at 15 and 45 minutes of the recovery period for further analysis of PKA, BK and DesArg(9)-BK. Nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) was analyzed at 15 minutes post exercise. The ND group presented post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure on the 90% LT session but T2D group did not. Plasma NOx increased ~24.4% for ND and ~13.8% for T2D group 15 min after the exercise session. Additionally, only ND individuals showed increases in PKA and BK in response to exercise and only T2D group showed increased DesArg(9)-BK production. It was concluded that T2D individuals presented lower PKA, BK and NOx release as well as higher DesArg(9)-BK production and reduced PEH in relation to ND participants after a single exercise session.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil ; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e DIP/ Genética e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
authors.forename: Herbert Gustavo
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Ricardo Yukio
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Marcelo Magalhães
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.forename: Rodrigo Alberto Vieira
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arsa
authors.forename: Daisy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Motta-Santos
authors.forename: Guilherme Morais
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Puga
authors.forename: Laila Cândida de Jesus
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Carmen Sílvia Grubert
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Octavio Luiz
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D020842:Plasma Kallikrein; D057774:Post-Exercise Hypotension; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020842:Plasma Kallikrein; D001920:Bradykinin