title: Maxillary incisor inclination of skeletal Class III patients treated with extraction of the upper first premolars and two-jaw surgery: conventional orthognathic surgery vs surgery-first approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the differences in the amount and pattern of the maxillary incisor (MXI) inclination change in skeletal Class III patients treated with extraction of the maxillary first premolars (MXP1) and two-jaw surgery (TJS) between conventional orthognathic surgery (COS) and surgery-first approach (SFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 60 skeletal Class III patients who had normal maxillary position, prognathic mandible, and mild crowding in the maxillary arch (≤4 mm). The patients were divided into group 1 (COS, n  =  36) and group 2 (SFA, n  =  24). Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T0), 1 month before surgery (T1), within 1 month after surgery (T2), and after debonding (T3) for COS patients and at T0, T2, and T3 for SFA patients. After measurement of the skeletodental variables, statistical analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During T0-T2, the amount of MXI inclination change (ΔU1-SN) in group 1 was significantly larger than that in group 2 (-12.8° vs -4.4°; P < .001). During T2-T3, ΔU1-SN in groups 1 and 2 occurred in opposite directions (3.8° vs -5.9°; P < .001). However, the total amount of ΔU1-SN during T0-T3 was not different between groups 1 and 2 (-9.0° vs -10.3°). At T3 the U1-SN values for groups 1 and 2, respectively, moved closer to normal according to the values of the normal range rate (all 83%), relative percentage ratio (102.4% and 100.1%), and achievement ratio (77.7% and 97.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study might provide basic data for predicting the amount and pattern of MXI inclination change in SFA for skeletal Class III TJS patients.
authors.affiliation: a  Graduate Student (PhD), Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Heon-Mook
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yang-Ku
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung-Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011378:Prognathism / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Extraction of maxillary premolar; Maxillary incisor inclination; Skeletal Class III patients; Surgery-first approach