title: Diagnostic value of glypican-3 in alpha fetoprotein negative hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is generally very poor with a 5-year survival rate of less than 15% since most of them are diagnosed clinically at their late stage. However, the differential diagnosis between alpha fetoprotein(AFP) negative HCC and cirrhotic nodules is still difficult.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic value of glypican-3(GPC3) in patients with AFP negative hepatitis B related HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The liver tissue GPC3 (GPC3L) expression was tested from 426 for surgery and 179 of needle biopsies of hepatitis B related HCC patients using immunohistochemistry staining. Serum GPC3 (GPC3S) and AFP were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among surgical HCC samples, 80.0% of GPC3L expression was positive, however, in paracarcinomatous and cirrhotic nodules were negative. In needle biopsy tissues, GPC3L positively expression was in 74.9%. The sensitivity of AFP>400 µg/L was 25.4%. The GPC3S >3.5 µg/L was determined as a positive. The area of ROC curve of GPC3S was 0.68(95% CI 0.56-0.79,P<0.05) in all HCC patients,0.81 (95% CI 0.62 -0. 98, P<0.05) in AFP greater or equal to 400 µg/L and 0.64 (95% CI 0.51-0.77, P=0.051) in AFP negative patients. The GPC3S was positive in 48.8% of patients with AFP negative. No difference was observed between GPC3L/GPC3S and serum AFP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GPC3 may be helpful in improving diagnosis of HCC and in differentiating diagnosis between AFP negative HCC and cirrhotic nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing You'An Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100069, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002681:China; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D053673:Glypicans / Q000097:blood*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053673:Glypicans; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins
keywords: Alpha fetoprotein; Differential diagnosis; Glypican-3; Hepatitis B; Hepatocellular carcinoma