title: Disparities in endoscopy use for colorectal cancer screening in the United States.
abstract: It is well established that disparities exist for colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates and death. With screening, death from CRC may be considered a preventable occurrence. Endoscopy (flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy) is the only modality with therapeutic benefit of removal of pre-cancerous polyps. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act mandated that preventive screening services be covered, which includes endoscopy for colon cancer screening. Recent federal rules have eliminated cost sharing for polyp removal during screening colonoscopy in privately insured patients; however, this has not been mandated for Medicare patients. Understanding the current state of disparities in endoscopy use is important, as these policy changes will affect millions of patients. The purpose of this literature review was to summarize the known research on disparities in endoscopy use for colon cancer screening in the United States and highlight areas for future research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, USA, agawron@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gawron
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadlapati
mesh_terms: D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005006:Ethnicity; D006293:Health Promotion; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D006278:Medicare / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D058991:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States