title: Biochemical efficacy of vitamin D in ameliorating endocrine and metabolic disorders in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the biochemical role of vitamin D (Vit D) in the endocrine system, especially its potential anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, there is an increased interest in its potential role in the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of Vit D in averting the detrimental effects of both types of diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 male Wistar rats were allotted into five groups: a placebo group; a nongenetic model of type 1 diabetes in rats (T1D), injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg, ip); a nongenetic model of type 2 diabetes in rats (T2D), given a short-term high-fat diet followed by a single low dose of STZ (35 mg/kg, ip); fourth and fifth groups that were gastrogavaged with Vit D (10 IU/kg) three days after the induction of T1D and T2D, respectively, which was continued daily throughout the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vit D (10 IU/kg/60 days) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased fasting plasma glucose, ketoacidosis (decreased non-esterified fatty acid and β-hydroxyl butyric acid), pro-inflammatory interleukin-6, HbA1c in T1D and T2D and insulin resistance index by 33% in T2D. Interestingly, Vit D significantly (p < 0.05) increased fasting plasma insulin by 144% in T1D, plasma Ca level, insulin sensitivity index, and β-cell function index in T1D and T2D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vit D ameliorated the deleterious biochemical impact of diabetes mellitus, likely by increasing insulin secretion and sensitivity, ameliorating the β-cell function, and decreasing the number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and.
authors.forename: Kadry M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sadek
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shaheen
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013311:Streptozocin; D014807:Vitamin D