title: TBT in California coastal waters: Monitoring and assessment.
abstract: Butyltins were monitored at over eighty sites, primarily marinas, in surface waters and sediments of the California coast. Values of tributyltin (TBT) in marina waters ranged from 20 to 600 ppt while lower values were usually found in harbors and on the coast. The origin of the tributyltin is in its use as an antifouling agent in marine paints. In those marinas where the concentrations are greater than about 100 ppt, there is usually a conspicuous absence of native organisms, especially molluscs, which are among the most sensitive animals to the highly toxic TBT. The impact of TBT upon not-target organisms recalls the DDT episode of the 1970s. Increasing uses of TBT-containing antifouling paints in the future may have even more drastic effects on coastal organisms than those observed today. The conclusion is inescapable that TBT should be banned for use in commercially available marine paints.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stallard
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Goldberg