title: Development of growth selection systems to isolate a-type or α-type of yeast cells spontaneously emerging from MATa/α diploids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Manufacture of MATa and MATα yeast cells is required for crossbreeding, a procedure that permits hybridization and the generation of new heterozygous strains. Crossbreeding also can be performed with a- and α-type of cells, which have the same mating abilities as MATa and MATα haploid cells, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work, we describe a method to generate a- and α-type of cells via the naturally-occurring chromosomal aberration in parental MATa/α diploids. We successfully designed suitable genetic circuits for expression of the URA3 selection marker gene to permit isolation of a- and α-type of cells, respectively, on solid medium lacking uracil. Furthermore we succeeded in generation of zygotes by mating of both the manufactured a- and α-type of yeast cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This process does not require exposure to mutagens such as UV irradiation, thereby avoiding the accumulation of undesirable mutations that would detract from the valuable traits that are under study. All the genetic modifications in the current study were introduced into yeast cells using plasmids, meaning that these traits can be removed without altering the genome sequence. This approach provides a reliable and versatile tool for scientific research and industrial yeast crossbreeding.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. s.honda@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda