title: Low frequency magnetic fields enhance antitumor immune response against mouse H22 hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many studies have shown that magnetic fields (MF) inhibit tumor growth and influence the function of immune system. However, the effect of MF on mechanism of immunological function in tumor-bearing mice is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, tumor-bearing mice were prepared by subcutaneously inoculating Balb/c mice with hepatocarcinoma cell line H22. The mice were then exposed to a low frequency MF (0.4 T, 7.5 Hz) for 30 days. Survival rate, tumor growth and the innate and adaptive immune parameters were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MF treatment could prolong survival time (n = 28, p<0.05) and inhibit tumor growth (n = 9, p<0.01) in tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, this MF suppressed tumor-induced production of cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) (n = 9-10, p<0.05 or 0.01). Furthermore, MF exposure was associated with activation of macrophages and dendritic cells, enhanced profiles of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, the balance of Th17/Treg and reduced inhibitory function of Treg cells (n = 9-10, p<0.05 or 0.01) in the mice model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhibitory effect of MF on tumor growth was related to the improvement of immune function in the tumor-bearing mice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yunzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Yueqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mou
authors.forename: Leihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Zhenjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Youwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Wenmei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yayi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines