title: Validation of a non-invasive pulse CO-oximetry based hemoglobin estimation in normal blood donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-invasive hemoglobin estimation may increase the recruitment of blood donors. CO-oximetry hemoglobin estimation is a non-invasive method used to estimate the hemoglobin level. The primary objective of this study is to validate the pulse CO-oximetry based hemoglobin estimation in normal blood donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective observational study on 106 in a tertiary care hospital blood bank over a period of 4 weeks. We performed a Spot Hemoglobin concentration (Sp Hb) using Masimo Pronto-7 Pulse CO-oximetry, and compared it to a venous sample Hb concentration (Reference Hemoglobin; Ref Hb) measured using Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer. Age, gender, weight, height, blood pressure and reference hemoglobin were used in the multivariable linear regression model of the difference in measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total of 106 donors (98 males, 8 females) were enrolled with a mean age and Ref Hb of 27 years (SD 6.2; 18-49) and 14.2 g/dL (SD 1.2; 11.5-17) respectively. The mean Sp Hb was 14.4 g/dL (SD 1.2;11.3-16.7). The mean difference between the Sp Hb and Ref Hb was 0.2 g/dL (SD 1.2;-4.5 to 3) with a correlation coefficient of 0.46 (R(2)=21%). In the multivariable model, height (p=0.015) and Hb level (p<0.001) were statistically significant predictors. A strong correlation was found between the two CO-oximetry Hb measurements (coefficient 0.78, R(2)=60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study validated the use of the CO-oximetry in blood donors. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman. Electronic address: mkkhabori@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Murtadha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Khabori
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
authors.forename: Arwa Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Al-Riyami
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Farsi
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Huneini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
authors.forename: Abdulhakeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hashim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Kemyani
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
authors.forename: Shahina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001771:Blood Banks; D001782:Blood Donors; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006405:Hematology / Q000379:methods; D006452:Hemoglobinometry / Q000379:methods; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: Blood donors; Hemoglobin; Non-invasive; Validation