title: Validation study to compare effects of processing protocols on measured N (ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine and N (ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine in blood.
abstract: Epidemiological studies show that elevated plasma levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with diabetes, kidney disease, and heart disease. Thus AGEs have been used as disease progression markers. However, the effects of variations in biological sample processing procedures on the level of AGEs in plasma/serum samples have not been investigated. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of variations in blood sample collection on measured N (ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), the best characterised AGE, and its homolog, N (ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL). The investigation examined the effect on CML and CEL of different blood collection tubes, inclusion of a stabilising cocktail, effect of freeze thaw cycles, different storage times and temperatures, and effects of delaying centrifugation on a pooled sample from healthy volunteers. CML and CEL were measured in extracted samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Median CML and CEL ranged from 0.132 to 0.140 mM/M lys and from 0.053 to 0.060 mM/M lys, respectively. No significant difference was shown CML or CEL in plasma/serum samples. Therefore samples collected as part of epidemiological studies that do not undergo specific sample treatment at collection are suitable for measuring CML and CEL.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: George L J
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Jayne V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Woodside
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.forename: Geraldine J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cuskelly
keywords: Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine; Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine; advanced glycation end-products; blood sampling; epidemiology