title: β-Dicalcium silicate-based cement: synthesis, characterization and in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility studies.
abstract: β-dicalcium silicate (β-Ca₂ SiO₄, β-C₂ S) is one of the main constituents in Portland cement clinker and many refractory materials, itself is a hydraulic cement that reacts with water or aqueous solution at room/body temperature to form a hydrated phase (C-S-H), which provides mechanical strength to the end product. In the present investigation, β-C₂ S was synthesized by sol-gel process and it was used as powder to cement preparation, named CSiC. In vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility studies were assessed by soaking the cement samples in simulated body fluid solutions and human osteoblast cell cultures for various time periods, respectively. The results showed that the sol-gel process is an available synthesis method in order to obtain a pure powder of β-C₂ S at relatively low temperatures without chemical stabilizers. A bone-like apatite layer covered the material surface after soaking in SBF and its compressive strength (CSiC cement) was comparable with that of the human trabecular bone. The extracts of this cement were not cytotoxic and the cell growth and relative cell viability were comparable to negative control.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cerámicas y Composites, Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, 10400, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Amisel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almirall
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Carrodeguas
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Antonio H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: De Aza
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: José Ángel
authors.initials: JÁ
authors.lastname: Delgado
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D011208:Powders; D017640:Silicates; C013481:dicalcium silicate
keywords: bioactivity; biocompatibility; compressive strength; dicalcium silicate; self-setting