title: Two cytochrome P450 genes are involved in imidacloprid resistance in field populations of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in China.
abstract: The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae), is an invasive and damaging pest of field crops worldwide. The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has been widely used to control this pest. We assessed the species composition (B vs. Q), imidacloprid resistance, and association between imidacloprid resistance and the expression of five P450 genes for 14-17 B. tabaci populations in 12 provinces in China. Fifteen of 17 populations contained only B. tabaci Q, and two populations contained both B and Q. Seven of 17 populations exhibited moderate to high resistance to imidacloprid, and eight populations exhibited low resistance to imidacloprid, compared with the most susceptible field WHHB population. In a study of 14 of the populations, resistance level was correlated with the expression of the P450 genes CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64 but not with the expression of CYP6CX1, CYP6CX4, or CYP6DZ7. This study indicates that B. tabaci Q has a wider distribution in China than previously reported. Resistance to imidacloprid in field populations of B. tabaci is associated with the increased expression of two cytochrome P450 genes (CYP6CM1 and CYP4C64).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: xinyang3856@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shao-li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing-jun
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui-peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ru-mei
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ni-na
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bai-ming
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bao-yun
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaomao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: You-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: B. tabaci; Bemisia tabaci; Cytochrome P450; Imidacloprid; Insecticide resistance; PCR; nAChRs; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR; quantitative real-time PCR