title: Healing under pressure: hyperbaric oxygen and myocutaneous flap repair for extreme persistent perineal sinus after proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persistent perineal sinus (PPS) following proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease affects about 50% of patients. Up to 33% of cases of PPS remain unhealed at 12 months and the most refractory cases are unhealed at 24 months despite optimal conventional therapy. Reports of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for chronic wounds and Crohn's perianal disease led us to explore perioperative HBOT with rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap repair in a highly selected group of patients with extreme PPS who had failed all other interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with extreme PPS received preoperative HBOT (a 90-min session at 2.2-2.4 atmospheres, five times per week for 5-6 weeks, for a total of up to 30 sessions), before abdominoperineal PPS excision and perineal reconstruction with vertical or transverse RAM flap repair within 2-4 weeks of completing HBOT. Postoperative HBOT (10 further 90-min sessions) was administered within 2 weeks where practicable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2007 and 2011, four patients with extreme PPS underwent RAM flap repair with preoperative HBOT; two also received postoperative HBOT. The median (range) duration of PPS before HBOT was 88.5 (23-156) months. All patients had previously failed multiple (5 to > 35) surgical procedures. Complete healing occurred in all patients at a median (range) follow-up of 2.5 (2-3) months. There were no further hospital admissions for PPS at a median (range) follow-up of 35 (8-64) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with PPS excision and perineal reconstruction with a RAM flap led to complete perineal healing in four patients with extreme PPS and appears a safe and effective extension to the therapeutic pathway for exceptionally treatment-refractory PPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: X H S
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: S P L
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mortensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap; D010502:Perineum; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014945:Wound Healing
keywords: IBD; PPS; gastroenterology; surgery