title: Heparin cofactor II thrombin complex as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis: Indian experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum heparin cofactor II-thrombin complex (HCII-T) is an emerging biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis disease (MPS I and MPS II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen cases (6 MPS I and 11 MPS II) and sixty healthy controls were enrolled in study, conducted from September 2008 to December 2012. The mean ± SD age of MPS1 (n=6, 5 males) and MPS II was 7.02 ± 3.25 and 5.2 ± 2.15 years, respectively. Disease status was confirmed by clinical features and enzyme assay. Urinary glycosaminoglycans were measured in spot urine samples and expressed in relation to creatinine content. HCIIT measurement was done using sandwich ELISA at enrolment and after 12 and 24 months of recruitment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary glycosaminoglycans and HCIIT were elevated in all patients compared to their healthy controls. Both markers could not discriminate between the type of mucopolysaccharidosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparin Cofactor II Thrombin Complex is a good biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis I and II.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and *Biochemistry, MAMC and Associated Lok Nayak hospital, New Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Seema Kapoor, M 439, Ground Floor, Guruharkishan Nagar, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi, India. drseemakapoor@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sanjeev Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapoor
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000097:blood; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008059:Mucopolysaccharidosis I / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016532:Mucopolysaccharidosis II / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II; D013917:Thrombin