title: Cardiovascular and renal effects of high salt diet in GDNF+/- mice with low nephron number.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the suggested association of low nephron number and later development of renal and cardiovascular disease we investigated the effects of high sodium diet in heterozygous GDNF+/- mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aged wild type and GDNF+/- mice were grouped together according to high sodium (HS, 4%) or low sodium (LS, 0.03%) diet for 4 weeks. The heart, the aorta and the kidneys were processed for morphometric and stereological evaluations and TaqMan PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On HS GDNF+/- mice showed significantly higher drinking volume and urine production than wt and mean arterial blood pressure tended to be higher. Heart weight was higher in GDNF+/- than in wt, but the difference was only significant for LS. HS significantly increased cardiac interstitial tissue in GDNF+/-, but not in wt. On LS GDNF+/- mice had significantly larger glomeruli than wt and HS led to an additional two fold increase of glomerular area compared to LS. On electron microscopy glomerular damage after HS was seen in GDNF+/-, but not in wt. Dietary salt intake modulated renal IL-10 gene expression in GDNF+/-.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the setting of 30% lower nephron number HS diet favoured maladaptive changes of the kidney as well as of the cardiovascular system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, IZKF Nachwuchsgruppe, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlote
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlmann
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karpe
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cordasic
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Karl Friedrich
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hilgers
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Titze
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009399:Nephrons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011897:Random Allocation; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: C495040:Gdnf protein, mouse; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary