title: Comparison of skeletal anchored facemask and tooth-borne facemask according to vertical skeletal pattern and growth stage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the treatment effects between skeletal anchored facemask (SAFM) and tooth-borne facemask (TBFM) on different maturation stages and vertical skeletal patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 28 patients who were treated with TBFM treatment and 19 patients who were treated with SAFM were reviewed. Cephalograms at the beginning and end of facemask application were obtained and assessed. Each treatment group was divided according to skeletal maturity and facial angle type. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparisons of maturity stage and vertical skeletal type between the treatment groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAFM produced a significant increase in the anterior-posterior position of orbitale (SNOr) and A point (N. per. to A). The high mandibular plane angle group of SAFM revealed greater anterior movement than that of TBFM without opening of the mandibular plane. In the SAFM group, the angulation of the maxillary incisors was retroclined at CVM3 compared to CVM4. In the younger group (CVM3), SAFM showed greater changes in the variables of orbitale (2.909°) and maxillary length (5.818 mm), compared to TBFM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the TBFM group, the findings suggest significant advantages for the SAFM group for relative skeletal maturity and vertical skeletal pattern.
authors.affiliation: a  Private practice, Chunan, Chungnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Duck
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Dong Hwa
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances / Q000145:classification*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000254:growth & development; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D014716:Vertical Dimension
keywords: Skeletal anchored facemask; Tooth-borne facemask