title: Improved method of producing satisfactory sections of whole eyeball by routine histology.
abstract: To overcome the loss of structural integrity when eyeball sections are prepared by wax embedding, we experimentally modified the routine histological procedure and report satisfactorily well-preserved antero-posterior sections of whole eyeballs for teaching/learning purposes. Presently histological sections of whole eyeballs are not readily available because substantial structural distortions attributable to variable consistency of tissue components (and their undesired differential shrinkage) result from routine processing. Notably, at the dehydration stage of processing, the soft, gel-like vitreous humor considerably shrinks relative to the tough fibrous sclera causing collapse of the ocular globe. Additionally, the combined effects of fixation, dehydration, and embedding at 60°C renders the eye lens too hard for microtome slicing at thicknesses suitable for light microscopy. We satisfactorily preserved intact antero-posterior sections of eyeballs via routine paraffin wax processing procedure entailing two main modifications; (i) careful needle aspiration of vitreous humor and replacement with molten wax prior to wax infiltration; (ii) softening of lens in trimmed wax block by placing a drop of concentrated liquid phenol on it for 3 h during microtomy. These variations of the routine histological method produced intact whole eyeball sections with retinal detachment as the only structural distortion. Intact sections of the eyeball obtained compares well with the laborious, expensive, and 8-week long celloidin method. Our method has wider potential usability than costly freeze drying method which requires special skills and equipment (cryotome) and does not produce whole eyeball sections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medical Laboratories, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Campus, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arko-Boham
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahenkorah
authors.forename: Bismarck Afedo
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hottor
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Frederick Kwaku
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Addai
mesh_terms: D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008867:Microtomy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: antero-posterior; light microscopy; ocular globe; paraffin wax; phenol