title: 20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol-fortified ginseng extract attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ginseng and ginsenosides are frequently used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, 20-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (GPD), the main metabolite of ginsenosides, was reported to have both anti-allergic and anti-pruritic effects. The immunomodulatory effects of GPD-fortified ginseng extract (GFGE) on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like symptoms in mice were investigated. This study was designed to investigate the preventive effect of GFGE on AD-like symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of orally administered GFGE on Dermatophagoides farinae body extract (DFE)-induced AD-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice were assessed by analyzing dermatitis score, ear thickness, scratching time, skin histological changes, and serum level of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). In addition, splenocytes were isolated from the mice and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies to produce cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of GFGE significantly attenuated DFE-induced increases in dermatitis score, ear thickness, scratching time, and severity of skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. GFGE treatment also reduced level of MDC in serum, infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in skin, and production of cytokines in splenocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that GFGE might ameliorate DFE-induced AD-like symptoms and be an alternative therapeutic agent for the prevention of AD.
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Rhan
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heejeung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heerim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hye
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Seoul 152-051, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Seoul 152-051, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kiwon@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leehyjo@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyong Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000633:toxicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016559:Tacrolimus; C112772:ginsenoside compound K
keywords: 20-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (GPD; Atopic dermatitis; Compound K); Cytokines; Dermatophagoides farinae; Ginseng