title: Management of auditory hallucinations as a sequela of traumatic brain injury: a case report and a relevant literature review.
abstract: A patient with progressively worsening auditory hallucinations and 30-year history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was reported. To formulate a comprehensive diagnostic and treatment approach to patients with auditory sensory disturbances and other neuropsychiatric sequela of a TBI, an electronic search of the major behavioral science databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline) and a textbook review were conducted to retrieve studies detailing the clinical characteristics, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches to post-TBI psychosis. Additional references were incorporated from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Although infrequent, auditory hallucinations is a debilitating complication of TBI that can manifest itself 4-5 years after the occurrence of TBI. Because the age range of TBI survivors is 15-24 years, and the chance of developing post-TBI psychosis is reported to be up to 20%, this chronic neuropsychiatric complication and the available treatment options warrant close scrutiny from the clinical and the biomedical research community. Our case report and literature review demonstrates a clear need for a large, well-designed randomized trials to compare properties and efficacies of different, available, and promising pharmacotherapy agents for the treatment of post-TBI psychosis.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL; and Departments of 3Anesthesiology, 4Family Medicine, and 5Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Yuriy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dobry
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Novakovic
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Barkin
authors.forename: Vikram K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sundaram
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology