title: Clinical profile of children with developmental delay and microcephaly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the profile of children with developmental delay and microcephaly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children attending child development clinic with developmental delay were evaluated as per protocol. Z scores of head circumference were calculated using WHO charts. Clinical, radiological and etiological profile of those with microcephaly and those without was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 414 children with developmental delay 231 had microcephaly (z score ≤ -3). Mean age of children with microcephaly was 35.1 ± 27.9 months (range 4-184), males (72.7%). Comorbidities were epilepsy (42.9%), visual abnormality (26.4%), hearing abnormality (16.9%). Mean DQ was 29.75 + 17.8 in those with microcephaly was significantly lower compared to the rest (P = 0.002). Secondary microcephaly was associated with cerebral palsy in 69.7%. Other causes were congenital infections (4), inborn error of metabolism (3), post-meningoencephalitis (5), malformations (12), and syndromic (13). Neuroimaging was done in 118 (51.1%) cases of which 104 (88.1%) were abnormal. On comparison children with microcephaly had more epilepsy, lower developmental quotient, vision abnormalities findings as compared to normocephalic children with developmental delay (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microcephaly was associated with lower, DQ, higher comorbidities in children with developmental delay. Spastic CP is commonly associated with microcephaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Hema
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Sanjib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debnath
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rai
keywords: Cerebral palsy; developmental delay; etiology; microcephaly