title: Honokiol inhibits U87MG human glioblastoma cell invasion through endothelial cells by regulating membrane permeability and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
abstract: Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal and prevalent malignant human brain tumors, with aggressive proliferation and highly invasive properties. There is still no effective cure for patients with glioblastoma. Honokiol, derived from Magnolia officinalis, can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), making it a strong candidate for an effective drug for the treatment of brain tumors, including glioblastoma. In our previous study, we demonstrated that honokiol effectively induced apoptotic cell death in glioblastoma. Metastasis poses the largest problem to cancer treatment and is the primary cause of death in cancer patients. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of honokiol on the cell invasion process of U87MG human glioblastoma cells through brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and its possible mechanisms. Honokiol dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in BMECs and adhesion of U87MG to BMECs. Moreover, honokiol effectively blocked U87MG invasion through BMEC-Matrigel-coated transwell membranes. Increased phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and membrane permeability by TNF-α were suppressed by honokiol in BMECs. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of honokiol on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in U87MG cells. Honokiol reduced the expression levels of Snail, N-cadherin and β-catenin, which are mesenchymal markers, but increased E-cadherin, an epithelial marker. In conclusion, these results suggest that honokiol inhibits metastasis by targeting the interaction between U87MG and BMECs, regulating the adhesion of U87MG to BMECs by inhibiting VCAM-1, and regulating the invasion of U87MG through BMECs by reducing membrane permeability and EMT processes of U87MG cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Nak
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae Heun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki Churl
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hye Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D017705:Lignans; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C005499:honokiol; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols