title: A comparative study on cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum from Punjab (India).
abstract: A study to evaluate cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum collected from Muktsar and Mansa districts of Punjab state, India, was conducted by using adult immersion test (AIT). The regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of concentrations of cypermethrin was utilized for the determination of slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50% (LC50), and the resistance factor (RF). On the basis of the data generated on variables (mortality, egg mass weight, reproductive index, and percentage inhibition of oviposition), the resistance levels were categorized. Resistance to cypermethrin was categorized as level II and I in R. (B.) microplus collected from Muktsar and Mansa districts, respectively, whereas, H. anatolicum from both locations showed a susceptible status. The RF values of Muktsar and Mansa field samples of engorged R. (B.) microplus (5.48 and 2.18, respectively) were much higher as those of engorged H. anatolicum (1.12 and 0.82, respectively) indicating a lower level and slower rate of development of cypermethrin resistance in multi-host ticks. The data generated in the current study might be of immense help in formulating suitable control measures against ticks and tick-borne diseases of animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India. Electronic address: nirbhayksingh@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Nirbhay K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
authors.lastname: Jyoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
authors.forename: Manjurul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
authors.forename: Harkirat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
authors.forename: Shitanshu S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.affiliation: Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
authors.forename: Srikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D007194:India; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin
keywords: Cypermethrin; Hyalomma anatolicum; Punjab; Resistance; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus