title: Relationship between periodontal disease and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Dong-gu study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the association of periodontal disease and number of missing teeth with subclinical atherosclerosis in an adult Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from 5404 individuals aged ≥50 years were obtained from the 2008-2010 Dong-gu study. Periodontal examinations were conducted to determine the number of missing teeth, pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The percentages of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm (PD 4%), CAL ≥ 4 mm (CAL 4%), and BOP (BOP%) were recorded for each participant. B-mode ultrasound was performed to determine common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA IMT) and the presence of carotid plaques. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between periodontal parameters and CCA IMT and carotid plaque.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Number of missing teeth was associated with increased CCA IMT, and BOP% was associated with increased CCA IMT in females only. This association was robust in never smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of missing teeth was associated with CCA IMT, and BOP% was associated with CCA IMT in females only. These associations were robust in never smokers. Our results suggest that tooth loss due to oral disease may play a role in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Il-Shin
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun-Seog
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kweon
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ok-Joon
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ok-Su
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: cardiovascular disease; carotid artery intima-media thickness; carotid artery plaque; periodontal disease; periodontitis