title: Urinary incontinence and loneliness in Canadian seniors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary incontinence (UI), a prevalent condition among seniors, can have substantial impacts on quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 2008/2009 Canadian Community Health Survey-Healthy Aging were used to examine the prevalence of UI, as well as the relationship between UI and loneliness in a sample of 16,369 people aged 65 or older. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant relationships, while adjusting for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2008/2009, an estimated 512,000 seniors reported that they experienced UI. Women were more likely than men to have this complaint (14% versus 9%), as were older seniors. Those with UI were significantly more likely to be lonely than were those without the condition (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.5 to 2.0). This association persisted when socio-demographic, social and functional health factors were taken into account (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the prevalence of UI among Canadian seniors and its correlation with loneliness, which, itself, is associated with negative health outcomes. Further research is needed to establish exactly how UI has an impact on seniors' feelings of loneliness.
authors.affiliation: Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6. pamela.ramage-morin@statcan.gc.ca
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ramage-Morin
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gilmour
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence
keywords: aging; chronic conditions; cross-sectional study; health survey; quality of life; social participation