title: Fixation of [(13)N]N 2 and transfer of fixed nitrogen in the Anthoceros-Nostoc symbiotic association.
abstract: The initial product of fixation of [(13)N]N2 by pure cultures of the reconstituted symbiotic association between Anthoceros punctatus L. and Nostoc sp. strain ac 7801 was ammonium; it accounted for 75% of the total radioactivity recovered in methanolic extracts after 0.5 min and 14% after 10 min of incubation. Glutamine and glutamate were the primary organic products synthesized from [(13)N]N2 after incubation times of 0.5-10 min. The kinetics of labeling of these two amino acids were characteristic of a precursor (glutamine) and product (glutamate) relationship. Results of inhibition experiments with methionine sulfoximine (MSX) and diazo-oxonorleucine were also consistent with the assimilation of N2-derived NH 4 (+) by Anthoceros-Nostoc through the sequential activities of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1), with little or no assimilation by glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.3). Isolated symbiotic Nostoc assimilated exogenous (13)NH 4 (+) into glutamine and glutamate and their formation was inhibited by MSX, indicating operation of the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway: However, relative to free-living cultures, isolated symbiotic Nostoc assimilated 80% less exogenous ammonium into glutamine and glutamate, implying that symbiotic Nostoc could assimilate only a fraction of N2-derived NH 4 (+) . This implication was tested by using Anthoceros associations reconstituted with wild-type or MSX-resistant strains of Nostoc incubated with [(13)N]N2 in the presence of MSX. The results of these experiments indicated that, in situ, symbiotic Nostoc assimilated about 10% of the N2-derived NH 4 (+) and that NH 4 (+) was made available to Anthoceros tissue where it was apparently assimilated by the GS-GOGAT pathway. Since less than 1% of the fixed N2 was lost to the suspension medium, it appears that transfer of NH 4 (+) from symbiont to host tissue was very efficient in this extracellular symbiotic association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meeks
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Enderlin
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lollar