title: Integrating mobile devices into nursing curricula: opportunities for implementation using Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify studies reporting mobile device integration into undergraduate and graduate nursing curricula. To explore the potential use of Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation model as a framework to guide implementation of mobile devices into nursing curricula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review and thematic categorization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature published up until June 2013 was searched using EBSCO, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was reviewed for research articles pertaining to mobile device use in nursing education. Research articles were grouped by study design, and articles were classified by: 1) strategies for individual adopters and 2) strategies for organizations. Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to categorize reported implementation strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two research studies were identified. Strategies for implementation were varied, and challenges to integrating mobile devices include lack of administrative support and time/funding to educate faculty as well as students. Overall, the use of mobile devices appears to provide benefits to nursing students; however the research evidence is limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anticipating challenges and ensuring a well laid out strategic plan can assist in supporting successful integration of mobile devices.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, British Columbia Institute of Technology, 3700 Willingdon Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 3H2, Canada. Electronic address: Glynda_Doyle@bcit.ca.
authors.forename: Glynda J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, School of Nursing, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada. Electronic address: Bernie.Garrett@nursing.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Bernie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, School of Nursing, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada. Electronic address: Leanne.Currie@nursing.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Currie
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D003479:Curriculum; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017145:Models, Educational
keywords: Change management; Diffusion of innovation; Handheld computer; Mobile device; Nursing education; PDA; Smartphone