title: The association between gall bladder mucoceles and hyperlipidaemia in dogs: a retrospective case control study.
abstract: The diagnosis of gall bladder mucoceles (GM) in dogs has become increasingly frequent in veterinary medicine. Primary breed-specific hyperlipidaemia is reported in Shetland Sheepdogs and Miniature Schnauzers, breeds in which GM are known to occur more frequently than in other breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between GM and hyperlipidaemia in dogs. The study design was a retrospective case control study. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with GM at the Veterinary Medical Centre of The University of Tokyo between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2012, were reviewed. Fifty-eight dogs with GM and a record of either serum cholesterol, triglyceride, or glucose concentrations were included in the study. Hypercholesterolaemia (15/37 cases; odds ratio [OR]: 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-8.36) and hypertriglyceridaemia (13/24 cases; OR: 3.55; 95% CI:1.12-15.91) showed significant association with GM. Pomeranians (OR: 10.69), American Cocker Spaniels (OR: 8.94), Shetland Sheepdogs (OR: 6.21), Miniature Schnauzers (OR: 5.23), and Chihuahuas (OR: 3.06) were significantly predisposed to GM. Thirty-nine out of 58 cases had at least one concurrent disease, including pancreatitis (five cases), hyperadrenocorticism (two cases), and hypothyroidism (two cases). A significant association between GM and hyperlipidaemia was confirmed, suggesting that hyperlipidaemia may play a role in the pathogenesis of GM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutsunai
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Electronic address: aohno@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009078:Mucocele / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Dogs; Gall bladder mucoceles; Hypercholesterolaemia; Hyperlipidaemia; Hypertriglyceridaemia