title: The practicing orthopedic surgeon's guide to managing long bone metastases.
abstract: Long bone skeletal metastases are common in the United States, with more than 280,000 new cases every year. Most of these will be managed by the on-call orthopedic surgeon. A practical primer is offered for the evaluation and surgical management for the practicing orthopedist, including questions to ask during the history, pertinent physical examination findings, appropriate imaging requests, proper laboratory work, and biopsy options. Finally, 7 scenarios are presented to encompass most situations a practicing orthopedic surgeon will encounter, and guidelines for treatment and referral are offered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Dr, Ste G500, Huntington, WV 25701, USA. Electronic address: cheungf@marshall.edu.
authors.forename: Felix H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D063189:Symptom Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates
keywords: Bone tumor; Evaluation and treatment; Long bone metastasis; Pathologic fracture; Practical primer; Skeletally related events