title: Acute mesenteric ischemia.
abstract: Acute mesenteric ischemia is uncommon and always occurs in the setting of preexisting comorbidities. Mortality rates remain high. The 4 major types of acute mesenteric ischemia are acute superior mesenteric artery thromboembolic occlusion, mesenteric arterial thrombosis, mesenteric venous thrombosis, and nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, including ischemic colitis. Delays in diagnosis are common and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis requires attention to history and physical examination, a high index of suspicion, and early contract CT scanning. Selective use of nonoperative therapy has an important role in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia of the small bowel and colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Trauma, Scripps Mercy Hospital, 4077 5th Avenue MER-62, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. Electronic address: Sise.mike@scrippshealth.org.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sise
mesh_terms: D017091:Colitis, Ischemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004617:Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D065666:Mesenteric Ischemia; D008641:Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Acute mesenteric ischemia; Ischemic colitis; Mesenteric arterial occlusion; Mesenteric venous thrombosis; Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia