title: Tuning the activities and structures of enzymes bound to graphene oxide with a protein glue.
abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) is being investigated extensively for enzyme and protein binding, but many enzymes bound to GO denature considerably and lose most of their activities. A simple, novel, and efficient approach is described here for improving the structures and activities of enzymes bound to GO such that bound enzymes are nearly as active as those of the corresponding unbound enzymes. Our strategy is to preadsorb highly cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA) to passivate GO, and cBSA/GO (bGO) served as an excellent platform for enzyme binding. The binding of met-hemoglobin, glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, BSA, catalase, lysozyme, and cytochrome c indicated improved binding, structure retention, and activities. Nearly 100% of native-like structures of all the seven proteins/enzymes were noted at near monolayer formation of cBSA on GO (400% w/w), and all bound enzymes indicated 100% retention of their activities. A facile, benign, simple, and general method has been developed for the biofunctionalization of GO, and this approach of coating with suitable protein glues expands the utility of GO as an advanced biophilic nanomaterial for applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and the Institute of Material Science, 55 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.
authors.forename: Ajith
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pattammattel
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puglia
authors.forename: Subhrakanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Inoka K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Deshapriya
authors.forename: Prabir K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Challa V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D002374:Catalase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010087:Oxides; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D006108:Graphite; D045304:Cytochromes c; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D002374:Catalase; D009113:Muramidase