title: Outcomes of middle cardiac vein arterialization via internal mammary/thoracic artery anastomosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac vein arterialization is seldom applied for treating right coronary artery disease. This study aimed to improve outcomes of cardiac vein arterialization in a porcine model using intramammary artery anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chronic, stenotic coronary artery model was established in 12 of 14 Chinese experimental miniature pigs of either sex, which were randomly divided into equal control (n =6) and experimental (n = 6) groups. In experimental animals, blood flow was reconstructed in the right coronary artery using intramammary artery. Arterialization involved dissection of right internal mammary artery from bifurcation to apex of thorax followed by end-to-side anastomosis of internal mammary artery and middle cardiac vein plus posterior descending branch of right coronary artery. Intraoperative heart rate was maintained at 110 beats/min. Graft flow assessment and echocardiography were performed when blood pressure and heart rate normalized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental group had significantly higher mean endocardial and epicardial blood flow postoperatively than control group (mean endocardial blood flow: 0.37 vs. 0.14 ml/(g*min), p<0.001; mean epicardial blood flow: 0.29 vs. 0.22, p = 0.014). Transmural blood flow was also higher in experimental group than in control group (0.33 vs. 0.19, p<0.001); ejection fraction increased from 0.46% at baseline to 0.51% (p = 0.0038) at 6 hours postoperatively, and mean blood flow of internal mammary artery was 44.50, perfusion index 0.73 at postoperative 6 months, 43.33 and 0.80 at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful cardiac vein arterialization via intramammary artery in a porcine model suggests that this may be a viable method for reconstructing blood flow in chronic, severe coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hai-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming-xin
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cheng-xiong
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008323:Mammary Arteries; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome