title: Differentiation-defective phenotypes revealed by large-scale analyses of human pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: We examined the gene expression and DNA methylation of 49 human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and 10 human embryonic stem cells and found overlapped variations in gene expression and DNA methylation in the two types of human pluripotent stem cell lines. Comparisons of the in vitro neural differentiation of 40 hiPSCs and 10 human embryonic stem cells showed that seven hiPSC clones retained a significant number of undifferentiated cells even after neural differentiation culture and formed teratoma when transplanted into mouse brains. These differentiation-defective hiPSC clones were marked by higher expression levels of several genes, including those expressed from long terminal repeats of specific human endogenous retroviruses. These data demonstrated a subset of hiPSC lines that have aberrant gene expression and defective potential in neural differentiation, which need to be identified and eliminated before applications in regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Department of Biological Repair, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koyanagi-Aoi
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnuki
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Ito
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichisaka
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morizane
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tosiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013724:Teratoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology