title: Effect of configuration on the biomechanical performance of three suture materials used in combination with a metallic bone anchor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether different suture configurations could improve the biomechanical performance of 3 suture materials used with bone anchors.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 suture materials (60-lb test nylon leader line, size 2 polyblend polyethylene composite suture, and 150-lb test ultrahigh-molecular weight spun polyethylene). PROCEDURES-Each suture material was looped through the eyelet of a metallic bone anchor and constructs were evaluated by use of an acute uniaxial load. Three configurations were tested for each suture material: single stranded (SS), double stranded (DS), and single stranded plus plastic insert (SSP). Force at failure, extension at failure, force at 3 mm of extension, stiffness, and site of failure of the suture were recorded for each test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all sutures, the DS configuration was the stiffest and yielded significantly higher forces at failure and forces at 3 mm of extension. The SS configuration had the lowest forces at failure. The SSP configuration yielded greater forces at failure for all suture materials, compared with the SS configuration, with a comparable stiffness. All sutures failed at the eyelet in the SS and DS configurations. In the SSP configuration, 60-lb test nylon leader line and 150-lb test ultrahigh-molecular weight spun polyethylene failed at the eyelet less frequently than did the polyblend composite suture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the tested constructs, a DS suture configuration used in combination with the metallic bone anchor gave the best biomechanical results for all suture materials. Considering that the SSP configuration yielded greater forces at failure, compared with the SS configuration, covering metallic edges in bone anchors with softer materials might protect sutures and result in increased forces at failure.
authors.affiliation: Sydney University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Camperdown, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Sonya M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wasik
authors.forename: Rod C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Voss
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D009757:Nylons; D020959:Polyethylene; D053441:Suture Anchors / Q000592:standards; D013537:Sutures / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D009757:Nylons; D020959:Polyethylene