title: Cephalometric changes in Class II division 1 patients treated with two maxillary premolars extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric alterations in patients with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion, orthodontically treated with extraction of two maxillary premolars.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 68 initial and final lateral cephalograms of 34 patients of both sex (mean initial age of 14.03 years and mean final age of 17.25 years), treated with full fixed appliances and extraction of the first maxillary premolars. In order to evaluate the alterations due the treatment between initial and final phases, the dependent t test was applied to the studied cephalometric variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dentoskeletal alterations due to extraction of two maxillary premolars in the Class II division 1 malocclusion were: maxillary retrusion, improvement of the maxillomandibular relation, increase of lower anterior facial height, retrusion of the maxillary incisors, buccal inclination, protrusion and extrusion of the mandibular incisors, besides the reduction of overjet and overbite. The tissue alterations showed decrease of the facial convexity and retrusion of the upper lip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extraction of two maxillary premolars in Class II division 1 malocclusion promotes dentoskeletal and tissue alterations that contribute to an improvement of the relation between the bone bases and the soft tissue profile.
authors.forename: Marisana Piano
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Seben
authors.forename: Fabricio Pinelli
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Valarelli
authors.forename: Karina Maria Salvatore
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Rodrigo Hermont
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Cançado
authors.forename: Aristeu Correa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bittencourt Neto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cephalometry; Corrective orthodontics; Retrospective studies; Tooth extraction