title: Profiling of defense responses in Escherichia coli treated with fosmidomycin.
abstract: The mevalonate-independent isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway has been recognized as a promising target for designing new antibiotics. But pathogens treated with compounds such as fosmidomycin, a slow binding inhibitor of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reducto-isomerase, the second enzyme in this pathway, develop rapid drug resistance. In Escherichia coli, acquired resistance results mostly from inactivating the cAMP-dependent glpT transporter, thereby preventing import of the inhibitor. Such mutant strains are characterized by cross-resistance to fosfomycin, by susceptibility to efflux pump inhibitors, by disability to use glycerol 3-phosphate as a carbon source or by increased activity of the promoter controlling the expression of the glpABC regulon when grown in presence of fosmidomycin. The quite challenging task consists in conceiving new and efficient inhibitors avoiding resistance acquisition. They should be efficient in blocking the target enzyme, but should also be durably taken up by the organism. To address this issue, it is essential to characterize the mechanisms the pathogen exploits to defeat the antibiotic before resistance is acquired. Having this in mind, a 2-D Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis proteomic approach has been applied to identify defense responses in E. coli cells being shortly exposed to fosmidomycin (3 h). It seems that combined strategies are promptly induced. The major one consists in preventing toxic effects of the compound either by adapting metabolism and/or by getting rid of the molecule. The strategy adopted by the bacteria is to eliminate the drug from the cell or to increase the tolerance to oxidative stress. The design of new, but still efficient drugs, needs consideration of such rapid modulations required to adapt cell growth in contact of the inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: CNRS UPR 2357, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Electronic address: andrea.hemmerlin@ibmp-cnrs.unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemmerlin
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tritsch
authors.affiliation: CNRS, FRC 1589, Plateforme Protéomique Esplanade, 15 Rue René Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hammann
authors.affiliation: Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohmer
authors.affiliation: CNRS UPR 2357, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bach
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005578:Fosfomycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010641:Phenotype; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D005578:Fosfomycin; C024640:fosmidomycin
keywords: 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reducto-isomerase; Antibiotics; Fosmidomycin; Isoprenoid; Resistance acquisition