title: High frequency of serum chromium deficiency and association of chromium with triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in patients awaiting bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To our knowledge, the frequency of serum chromium deficiency in patients awaiting bariatric surgery has not been determined. This study was designed to assess chromium concentration and its association with glycemic levels and lipid profile in patients prior to bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study recruited 73 candidates for bariatric surgery between March and September 2012. Their sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 73 patients, 55 (75.3%) were women (75.34%). Mean patient age was 37.20 ± 9.92 years, and mean body mass index was 47.48 kg/m2 (range, 43.59 to 52.50 kg/m2). Chromium deficiency was observed in 64 patients (87.7%). Correlation analysis showed significant negative relationships between chromium concentration and BMI and zinc concentration and a significant positive relationship between chromium and glycated hemoglobin. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum chromium concentration was significantly associated with total cholesterol (β = 0.171, p = 0.048) and triglyceride (β = -0.181, p = 0.039) concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum chromium deficiency is frequent in candidates for bariatric surgery and is associated with total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Early nutritional interventions are needed to reduce nutritional deficiencies and improve the lipid profile of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, NIESN-Interdisciplinary Center for Studies in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil, karlla_gomes@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Karla V G
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Raquel P A
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Maria C R
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faintuch
authors.forename: Liana C S L
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Luiza S R
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Asciutti
authors.forename: Maria J C
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002857:Chromium / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D018579:Patient Selection; D011300:Preoperative Care; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D002857:Chromium; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human