title: EC-18, a synthetic monoacetyldiglyceride (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol), attenuates the asthmatic response in an aluminum hydroxide/ovalbumin-induced model of asthma.
abstract: EC-18 is a synthetic monoacetyldiaglyceride that is a major constituent in antlers of Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temmenick). In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of EC-18 on Th2-type cytokines, eosinophil infiltration, and other factors in an aluminum hydroxide/ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. Mice were sensitized on days 0 and 14 by intraperitoneal injection of OVA with aluminum hydroxide. On days 21, 22 and 23 after the initial sensitization, the mice received an airway challenge with OVA for 1h using an ultrasonic nebulizer. EC-18 was administered to mice by oral gavage at doses of 30mg/kg and 60mg/kg once daily from day 18 to 23. Methacholine responsiveness was measured 24h after the final OVA challenge, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected 48h after the final OVA challenge. EC-18 significantly reduced methacholine responsiveness, T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, eotaxin-1, immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG, and the number of inflammatory cells. In addition, EC-18-treated mice exhibited the reduction in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung tissue. In the histological analysis using hematoxylin-eosin stain and periodic acid-Schiff stain, EC-18 attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airway and reduced the level of mucus production. Our results showed that EC-18 effectively suppressed the asthmatic response induced by OVA challenge. These effects were considered to be associated with iNOS suppression. In conclusion, this study suggests that EC-18 may be a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma.
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Sik
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chan-Mi
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Kyoung
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Suk
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Wha
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Seop
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: seiryang@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Sei-Ryang
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C488567:1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac glycerol; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004075:Diglycerides; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D010047:Ovalbumin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Asthma; Cytokines; EC-18; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Monoacetyldiacylglyceride