title: Identification of novel silent HIV propagation routes in Pakistan.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is rapidly increasing in both high risk groups and the general population. In this study, silent routes of propagation in teenaged Pakistanis are discussed. In order to promote sexual activity in youths, regular clients write contact details of sex workers on the doors of public washrooms. HIV prevalence is much higher among Hijra sex workers. Hijra sex workers have apparently stepped into the profession of begging at public places, where they earn money by both begging and distributing visiting cards offering unsafe sex. In many educational institutes, sex education is lacking or absent; if delivered via teachers, government agencies and nongovernmental organizations this could prevent a future epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Umar Saeed, Yasir Waheed, Sobia Manzoor, Muhammad Ashraf, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Umar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Yasir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Waheed
authors.forename: Sobia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashraf
keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; Pakistan; Sex workers; Silent route; Youth