title: Human gingival fibroblasts function is stimulated on machined hydrided titanium zirconium dental implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different titanium zirconium (TiZr) alloy surfaces on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) for improved soft tissue integration of dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  TiZr polished, machined and machined+HCl/H2SO4 acid-etched surfaces were modified by cathodic polarization and/or HNO3/HF acid etching. Contact angle of surfaces was measured. The influence of modified TiZr surfaces on HGF was evaluated through the analysis of cell number, morphology, recovery after a wound (wound healing assay) and the expression of several genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) and metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Modification of TiZr surfaces decreased its hydrophilicity. Hydride implementation on TiZr surfaces via cathodic polarization increased TIMP1 expression and decreased MMP1/TIMP1 mRNA ratio. Cathodic polarization of machined surfaces promoted cell attachment. Cells on machined and machined+cathodic polarization surfaces grew aligned to the microgrooves whereas on all polished surfaces they grew randomly. Acid etching of polished and machined surfaces did not improve HGF function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydride implementation on TiZr machined surfaces may be used as new dental implant material for improved soft tissue integration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhancing dental implant surfaces' bioactivity by hydride implementation may promote soft tissue attachment and sealing around the implant and reduce peri-implantitis related to ECM-destruction compared with conventional machined surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences. Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Florit
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences. Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ramis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taxt-Lamolle
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyngstadaas
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences. Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: marta.monjo@uib.es.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monjo
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D002452:Cell Count; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D011048:Polarography; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C000599177:Ti-Zr alloy; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D017942:Nitric Acid; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; C033158:sulfuric acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid
keywords: Abutment; Cathodic polarization; Dental implant; Gingival fibroblasts; Soft tissue; Titanium zirconium