title: Serum levels of cytokines and chemokines associated with cardiovascular disease in Brazilian patients treated with statins for dyslipidemia.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has been investigated in dyslipidemic patients treated with these pharmacologic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of cytokines and chemokines that have been associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in Brazilian patients treated for hypercholesterolemia with statin. The serum levels of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β, and the levels of the chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8) and MCP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and tested for their association with cardiovascular disease. The suppression of circulating levels of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-8 and their enhancing effect on IL-10 and TGF-β production were more pronounced in male patients. Female patients treated with statins who had a previous myocardial infarction presented higher median levels of both TNF-α and IL-8 (P<0.05) and a lower median level of IL-10 than female patients without MI (P<0.05). Except in women with a previous myocardial infarction, the treatment of dyslipidemic Brazilian patients with statins down-modulates the production of atherogenic cytokines and chemokines and increases the circulating levels of anti-atherogenic cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taciana P Sant'Ana
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Hospital Ana Nery, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roque
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aras
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza B Sousa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Atta
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil. Electronic address: ajatta@ig.com.br.
authors.forename: Ajax M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Atta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D001938:Brazil; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000097:blood; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Chemokines; Cytokines; Hypercholesterolemia; Statins