title: Extracellular matrix specific protein fingerprints measured in serum can separate pancreatic cancer patients from healthy controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease with an urgent need for biomarkers. Hallmarks of PC include increased collagen deposition (desmoplasia) and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether protein fingerprints of specific MMP-generated collagen fragments differentiate PC patients from healthy controls when measured in serum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of biomarkers reflecting MMP-mediated degradation of type I (C1M), type III (C3M) and type IV (C4M, C4M12a1) collagen were assessed in serum samples from PC patients (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 33) using well-characterized and validated competitive ELISAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MMP-generated collagen fragments were significantly elevated in serum from PC patients as compared to controls. The diagnostic power of C1M, C3M, C4M and C4M12 were ≥83% (p < 0.001) and when combining all biomarkers 99% (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A panel of serum biomarkers reflecting altered MMP-mediated collagen turnover is able to differentiate PC patients from healthy controls. These markers may increase the understanding of mode of action of the disease and, if validated in larger clinical studies, provide an improved and additional tool in the PC setting.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. nwi@nordicbioscience.com.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Willumsen
authors.forename: Cecilie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bager
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leeming
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Morten A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karsdal
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dornan
authors.forename: Anne-Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bay-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D003094:Collagen