title: Automated adverse event detection collaborative: electronic adverse event identification, classification, and corrective actions across academic pediatric institutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Historically, the gold standard for detecting medical errors has been the voluntary incident reporting system. Voluntary reporting rates significantly underestimate the number of actual adverse events in any given organization. The electronic health record (EHR) contains clinical and administrative data that may indicate the occurrence of an adverse event and can be used to detect adverse events that may otherwise remain unrecognized. Automated adverse event detection has been shown to be efficient and cost effective in the hospital setting. The Automated Adverse Event Detection Collaborative (AAEDC) is a group of academic pediatric organizations working to identify optimal electronic methods of adverse event detection. The Collaborative seeks to aggregate and analyze data around adverse events as well as identify and share specific intervention strategies to reduce the rate of such events, ultimately to deliver higher quality and safer care. The objective of this study is to describe the process of automated adverse event detection, report early results from the Collaborative, identify commonalities and notable differences between 2 organizations, and suggest future directions for the Collaborative.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective observational study, the implementation and use of an automated adverse event detection system was compared between 2 academic children's hospital participants in the AAEDC, Children's National Medical Center, and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Both organizations use the EHR to identify potential adverse events as designated by specific electronic data triggers. After gathering the electronic data, a clinical investigator at each hospital manually examined the patient record to determine whether an adverse event had occurred, whether the event was preventable, and the level of harm involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Automated Adverse Event Detection Collaborative data from the 2 organizations between July 2006 and October 2010 were analyzed. Adverse event triggers associated with opioid and benzodiazepine toxicity and intravenous infiltration had the greatest positive predictive value (range, 47%- 96%). Triggers associated with hypoglycemia, coagulation disturbances, and renal dysfunction also had good positive predictive values (range, 22%-74%). In combination, the 2 organizations detected 3,264 adverse events, and 1,870 (57.3%) of these were preventable. Of these 3,264 events, clinicians submitted only 492 voluntary incident reports (15.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrates the value of EHR-derived data aggregation and analysis in the detection and understanding of adverse events. Comparison and selection of optimal electronic trigger methods and recognition of adverse event trends within and between organizations are beneficial. Automated detection of adverse events likely contributes to the discovery of opportunities, expeditious implementation of process redesign, and quality improvement.
authors.affiliation: From the *Children's National Medical Center; †The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia; ‡Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and §Center for Pediatric Informatics, at Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Stockwell
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirkendall
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Muething
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kloppenborg
authors.forename: Hima
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vinodrao
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002648:Child; D004219:District of Columbia; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009820:Ohio; D061214:Patient Safety; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012308:Risk Management