title: Inverse correlation of serum inflammatory markers with metabolic parameters in healthy, Black and White prepubertal youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine for the first time the associations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and obesity-related metabolic biomarkers in, exclusively prepubertal, otherwise healthy obese and non-obese Black and White children, 7-9 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT (magnetic resonance imaging)); total body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), ectopic, intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) fat (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were measured in 40 obese and non-obese children. Relationships between inflammatory cytokines and obesity were assessed by analysis of variance and Spearman's rank correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant inverse correlations were found between BMI z-score, SAT, total BF, and IHL and levels of TNF-α (Spearman's ρ=-0.36, -0.39, -0.43 and -0.39, respectively; P<0.05). Levels of IL-8 were significantly and inversely correlated with IMCL (-0.39; P=0.03) and remained significant after adjusting for race. IMCL was inversely associated with TNF-α only after adjusting for race (-0.37; P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relationships between pro-inflammatory and metabolic markers commonly observed in adults are reversed in healthy, Black and White children before puberty. Prospective studies are warranted to determine how these inverse relationships modify chronic disease risk later in life.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA [2] Behavioral & Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zabaleta
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasco-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: John S McIlhenny Skeletal Muscle Physiology Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravussin
authors.affiliation: Behavioral & Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pelligrino
authors.affiliation: Behavioral & Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mohler
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Larson-Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Boulares
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Dillard University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Powell-Young
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State Office of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Happel
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cefalu
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scribner
authors.affiliation: Behavioral & Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: T-S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA [2] Behavioral & Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA [3] John S McIlhenny Skeletal Muscle Physiology Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sothern
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D001741:Black or African American; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011627:Puberty; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha