title: Urinary aHGF, IGFBP3 and OPN as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum PSA screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial. Here, we identify three urinary biomarkers - aHGF, IGFBP3 and OPN - for PCa screening and prognostication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary aHGF, OPN and IGFBP3 from healthy men (n = 19) and men with localized (n = 65) and metastatic (n = 36) PCa were quantified via ELISA. Mann-Whitney nonparametric t-test and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) analyses were used to analyze associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean aHGF and IGFBP3 levels were significantly elevated in PCa patients versus controls (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.0012, respectively), and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (indicator of diagnostic accuracy) for aHGF and IGFBP3 was 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. OPN levels were significantly higher in metastatic groups (p = 0.0060) versus localized and controls (area under the curve = 0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary aHGF and IGFBP3 exhibit the capacity for diagnostic discrimination for PCa, whereas OPN may indicate presence of metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Alisa J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: Cynthia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lita
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: Aradhana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaushal
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sproull
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dahut
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Figg
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Citrin
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Camphausen
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000652:urine; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D053495:Osteopontin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen