title: Walking economy during cued versus non-cued treadmill walking in persons with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gait impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may result in greater energy expenditure, poorer walking economy, and fatigue during activities of daily living. Auditory cueing is an effective technique to improve gait; but the effects on energy expenditure are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether energy expenditure differs in individuals with PD compared with healthy controls and if auditory cueing improves walking economy in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty participants (10 PD and 10 controls) came to the laboratory for three sessions. Participants performed two, 6-minute bouts of treadmill walking at two speeds (1.12 m·sec-1 and 0.67 m·sec-1). One session used cueing and the other without cueing. A metabolic cart measured energy expenditure and walking economy was calculated (energy expenditure/power).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD had worse walking economy and higher energy expenditure than control participants during cued and non-cued walking at the 0.67 m·sec-1 speed and during non-cued walking at the 1.12 m·sec-1. With auditory cueing, energy expenditure and walking economy worsened in both participant groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People with PD use more energy and have worse walking economy than adults without PD. Walking economy declines further with auditory cuing in persons with PD.
authors.affiliation: Teacher's College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McIsaac
authors.forename: Carol Ewing
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Garber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003463:Cues; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Gait; Parkinson disease; physical fitness and exercise; rehabilitation; walking