title: Prediction of fatty acid profiles in cow, ewe, and goat milk by mid-infrared spectrometry.
abstract: Mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry was used to estimate the fatty acid (FA) composition in cow, ewe, and goat milk. The objectives were to compare different statistical approaches with wavelength selection to predict the milk FA composition from MIR spectra, and to develop equations for FA in cow, goat, and ewe milk. In total, a set of 349 cow milk samples, 200 ewe milk samples, and 332 goat milk samples were both analyzed by MIR and by gas chromatography, the reference method. A broad FA variability was ensured by using milk from different breeds and feeding systems. The methods studied were partial least squares regression (PLS), first-derivative pretreatment + PLS, genetic algorithm + PLS, wavelets + PLS, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO), and elastic net. The best results were obtained with PLS, genetic algorithm + PLS and first derivative + PLS. The residual standard deviation and the coefficient of determination in external validation were used to characterize the equations and to retain the best for each FA in each species. In all cases, the predictions were of better quality for FA found at medium to high concentrations (i.e., for saturated FA and some monounsaturated FA with a coefficient of determination in external validation >0.90). The conversion of the FA expressed in grams per 100mL of milk to grams per 100g of FA was possible with a small loss of accuracy for some FA.
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France. Electronic address: marion.ferrand@idele.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrand-Calmels
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR0631, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palhière
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brochard
authors.affiliation: Actilait, Rue de Versailles, F-39800 Poligny, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leray
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Astruc
authors.affiliation: INRA, UE 0321, Domaine expérimental de La Fage, F-12250 Roquefort-sur-Soulzon, France.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aurel
authors.affiliation: INRA, UE 0326, Domaine expérimental du Pin-au Haras, F-61310 Exmes, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barbey
authors.affiliation: INRA, UE 0332, Domaine expérimental de Bourges-La Sapinière, 18390 Osmoy, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouvier
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunschwig
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR0631, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Caillat
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Douguet
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France; CNIEL, 42 rue de Châteaudun, 75314 Paris cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faucon-Lahalle
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelé
authors.affiliation: Institut de l'Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, F-75595 Paris cedex 12, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 0055, Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources, 662 avenue Louis Buffet, F-88500 Mirecourt, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trommenschlager
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR0631, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Larroque
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012756:Sheep; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
keywords: fatty acid; mid-infrared spectrometry; milk