title: The effects of Zibu Piyin Recipe components on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in the mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Zibu Piyin Recipe (ZBPYR) is derived from Zicheng Decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine formula recorded in the book of Bujuji, written by Wu Cheng in the Qing dynasty and used for clinical treatment of amnesia. Our aim was to study the effects of Zibu Piyin Recipe (ZBPYR) fractions on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in the mouse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude extracts were prepared using various solvents, and individual fractions produced following D101 macroporous resin column chromatography. The passive avoidance task, step down test and Morris water maze test were then performed in mice for the evaluation of learning and memory alterations. The effective fractions were then analyzed using GC-MS and polysaccharide measurement methods, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment group latency for the alcohol precipitation from water part (EP) and 95% ethanol part (95%E) following D101 macroporous resin column chromatography was significantly prolonged when compared to that of the scopolamine treated groups for both the passive avoidance task and step down test. In the Morris water maze tests, treatment with EP and 95%E resulted in a significantly shorter escape latency time (from the fourth day and the second day) and swimming distance (on the third day and from the third day) in scopolamine-induced mice. In the memory retention test, treatment with EP and 95%E dramatically shortened the latency to cross platform location and increased the numbers of platform location crosses in the scopolamine-induced mice. The polysaccharide content in EP was determined to be 69.79%. The 95%E was found to mainly contain asarone, α-cadinol, isocalamendiol, 2,4,7,14-tetramethyl-4-vinyl-tricyclo[5.4.3.0(1,8)]tetradecan-6-ol, 3-isopropyl-6,7-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,8)]decane-9,10-diol, 2-methyl-9-(prop-1- -en-3-ol-2-yl)-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-2-ene-4-ol, diepicedrene-1-oxide, 7-methoxy-6-(3- -methyl-2-oxobutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one and diisooctyl phthalate when assessed using GC-MS analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the polysaccharide and volatile oil present in ZBPYR exhibit ameliorating effects on scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: zlbdl_04@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Libin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China. Electronic address: dllxg@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Jinyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Luping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Fuliang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Qigui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051379:Mice; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; C531140:zibu piyin; D012601:Scopolamine
keywords: Cognitive performance; Dementia; Essential oil; Polysaccharides; ZBPYR