title: Homocysteine and C-reactive protein as useful surrogate markers for evaluating CKD risk in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) as potential markers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults in Taiwan, and to identify associations between these factors and CKD, stratifying by gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study analyzed multi-center data retrospectively. Data were collected from 22,043 adult Taiwanese at Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital from 2005 to 2011. Smoking/drinking history, personal medical/medication history, pregnancy, fasting times as well as laboratory parameters, including homocysteine and CRP were measured and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed between four homocysteine and CRP quartiles in eGFR and CKD. For males, only one model showed significant associations between plasma homocysteine and CKD, while in females, all three models showed significant associations with CKD. On the contrary, the gender difference in the case of CRP was opposite. Combined homocysteine and CRP were associated with CKD in males but not in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among Taiwanese adults, plasma homocysteine is associated with CKD in females and plasma hsCRP is associated with CKD in males. High hsCRP/high homocysteine is associated with elevated CKD risk in male. Our results suggest that homocysteine and hsCRP may be useful surrogate markers for evaluating CKD risk in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Hsun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Yi-Yen
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bor-Fuh
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Cheng-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Song-Seng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: Jih-Chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006710:Homocysteine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein