title: Chemometric discrimination of different tomato cultivars based on their volatile fingerprint in relation to lycopene and total phenolics content.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The characteristic flavour of tomato is given by a complex mixture of sugars, acids, amino acids, minerals and volatile metabolites. Of these, volatile compounds are considered to greatly influence the flavour of tomato fruits. The volatile aroma compounds and phytochemical content of tomatoes are dependent on genotype, environmental conditions and cultural practices, and can thus be used for cultivar discrimination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the possibility of using the volatile profile of tomato to fingerprint and discriminate different tomato cultivars based on an 'in-tube extraction' technique coupled to gas chromatography, combined with mass spectrometry (ITEX/GC-MS) and a chemometric approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the ITEX/GC-MS technique, 61 volatiles were analysed and separated from tomato cultivars, with 58 being identified. The main volatiles identified in all tomato cultivars were: hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, 3-pentanone, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanal and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. The lycopene content and total phenolic compound content of the tomato cultivars varied between 36.78 and 73.18 mg/kg fresh weight (fw) and from 119.4 to 253.7 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kilogram fresh weight, respectively. Volatile fingerprint and phytochemical composition led to a good differentiation between tomato cultivars, with the first two principal components explaining 89% of the variance in the data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tomato cultivars studied were easily discriminated based on their characteristic volatile profile that was obtained using the reliable ITEX/GC-MS technique. Principal component analysis revealed, in addition to volatile compounds, the important role played by the total phenolic content in tomato cultivar discrimination, which is highly correlated with phenotypic and biochemical differences between tomato cultivars.
authors.affiliation: University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Sonia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Socaci
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Socaciu
authors.forename: Crina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mureşan
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fărcaş
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tofană
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vicaş
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pintea
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Anti-oxidant capacity; GC-MS; PCA; in-tube extraction; lycopene; phenolic compounds; tomatoes; volatiles