title: In vitro perfusion of whole bovine ovaries by freezing medium: effect of perfusion rate and elapsed time after extraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cryopreservation and transplantation of the whole ovary with vascular pedicle would be helpful to prevent posttransplantation ischemia. In fact, perfusion of the intact mammalian ovary through arteries and veins is the most technically difficult part of the whole cryopreservation process because of its complexity. It is important to develop the technology of long-time perfusion of intact ovaries by cryoprotectants at low temperatures because it was established earlier that 24-hour cooling to 5 degrees C before cryopreservation is beneficial for the freezing of human ovarian tissue. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of perfusion of intact bovine ovaries with different rates of perfusion and elapsed time between extraction of these ovaries and beginning of perfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arteria ovarica was cannulated and ovaries were perfused with Leibovitz L-15 medium + 100 IU/mL heparin + 5% bovine calf serum + 6% dimethyl sulfoxide + 6% ethylene glycol + 0.15 M sucrose + Indian ink at room temperature (22 degrees C). In the first cycle of experiments, ovaries (n = 145) were perfused for 60 minutes during 1 to 1.5 hours after extraction of ovaries in the slaughter house at perfusion rates of 150 mL/hour (2.5 mL/minute), 100 mL/hour (1.67 mL/minute), 75 mL/hour (1.25 mL/minute), 50 mL/hour (0.83 mL/minute), 25 mL/hour (0.42 mL/minute), and 12.5 mL/hour (0.21 mL/minute) for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. In the second cycle of experiments, ovaries (n = 29) were perfused with a rate of 25 mL/hour (0.42 mL/minute) for 60 minutes during the following time-periods elapsed after extraction of ovaries in the slaughter house: 3 hours (n = 18), 4 hours (n = 5), 5 hours (n = 3), and 6 hours (n = 3) for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Ovaries in luteal and follicular phase of development were distributed randomly into groups. Successful perfusion of blood vessels was detected visibly by a blue coloration of the vascular pedicle and ovarian tissues. The percentage of Indian ink-perfused tissues was detected. The intensity of the vascular leakage and tissue damage was scored microscopically and noted as follows: lack of disruption (-), weak disruption (+), moderate disruption (++), and strong disruption
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first cycle of experiments shows that an optimal perfusion rate was established for groups 4 and 5 (50 and 25 mL/hour, respectively). In the second cycle of experiments, good perfusion of ovaries with the perfusion rate of 25 mL/hour was established only for ovaries of group 1 (3 hours after extraction). The effectiveness of perfusion in group 2 (4 hours after extraction) was sharply decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective perfusion of bovine intact ovaries with vascular pedicle with freezing medium (6% ethylene glycol + 6% dimethyl sulfoxide + 0.15 M sucrose) at room temperature includes a rate of perfusion 25 or 50 mL/ hour. Ovaries must be perfused no later than 3 hours after the death of animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Isachenko
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isachenko
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mallmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kellerwessel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otarbaev
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baikoshkarova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shalakhmetova
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rahimi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010053:Ovary; D010477:Perfusion