title: Curcuma longa extract associated with white pepper lessens high fat diet-induced inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supra-nutritional doses of curcumin, derived from the spice Curcuma longa, have been proposed as a potential treatment of inflammation and metabolic disorders related to obesity. The aim of the present study was to test whether Curcuma longa extract rich in curcumin and associated with white pepper (Curcuma-P®), at doses compatible with human use, could modulate systemic inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. We questioned the potential relevance of changes in adiposity and gut microbiota in the effect of Curcuma-P® in obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice were fed either a control diet (CT), a high fat (HF) diet or a HF diet containing Curcuma longa extract (0.1 % of curcumin in the HF diet) associated with white pepper (0.01 %) for four weeks. Curcumin has been usually combined with white pepper, which contain piperine, in order to improve its bioavailability. This combination did not significantly modify body weight gain, glycemia, insulinemia, serum lipids and intestinal inflammatory markers. Tetrahydrocurcumin, but not curcumin accumulated in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Importantly, the co-supplementation in curcuma extract and white pepper decreased HF-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, an effect independent of adiposity, immune cells recruitment, angiogenesis, or modulation of gut bacteria controlling inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support that nutritional doses of Curcuma longa, associated with white pepper, is able to decrease inflammatory cytokines expression in the adipose tissue and this effect could be rather linked to a direct effect of bioactive metabolites reaching the adipose tissue, than from changes in the gut microbiota composition.
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Audrey M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Neyrinck
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alligier
authors.forename: Patrick B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Memvanga
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Névraumont
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Larondelle
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Préat
authors.forename: Patrice D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Cani
authors.forename: Nathalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Delzenne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D030024:Curcuma; D003474:Curcumin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D029222:Piper nigrum / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; C096277:tetrahydrocurcumin; C012596:turmeric extract; D003474:Curcumin