title: Habronema muscae (Nematoda: Habronematidae) larvae: developmental stages, migration route and morphological changes in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).
abstract: The present paper describes the morphological modifications occurring during the larval development of Habronema muscae (Nematoda: Habronematidae) in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), along with the reactions caused by parasitism and the migration route of the nematodes inside the flies. Houseflies were reared on faeces of a H. muscae-infected horse, then dissected and processed by histology. The experimental part of the study was performed in 1996 in the Parasitological Experimental Station W.O. Neitz, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Three different larval stages of H. muscae were recovered, measured and described. The encapsulation of larval nematodes was found in the third larval instar (L3) of M. domestica and cryptocephalic pupa. The mature capsules were observed in dipteran L3, pupae and mainly adults. In 1day-old or more M. domestica adults an active rupturing of capsules by H. muscae L3 and the migration to the head through the circulatory system and insect hemocoel were observed. Infective H. muscae L3s remained exclusively in the head of adult 5days-old or more M. domestica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sávio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program on Veterinary Sciences and Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, BR 465, Km 07, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Kill
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology Fluminense - Campus Cabo Frio, Estrada Cabo Frio - Búzios s/n° - Baía Formosa, Post Office Box: 112015, 28909-971 Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio Dias
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy. Electronic address: dtraversa@unite.it.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Traversa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006736:Horses; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006793:Houseflies / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D011679:Pupa / Q000469:parasitology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013151:Spiruroidea / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: Habronema muscae; Hemocytes; Horse stomach worm; Host–parasite relationship; Houseflies; Life cycle