title: Measurement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, Fas ligand, interleukin-1α, and interleukin-1β in the aqueous humor of patients with open angle glaucoma using multiplex bead analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Fas ligand (FasL), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), contribute to the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The present study was set to measure these cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with POAG and in control subjects using multiplex bead analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with POAG and 29 control subjects were enrolled in this case-control study. Aqueous humor concentrations of the cytokines (IL-1 α, IL-1 β, IL-6, FasL, and TNF- α) were measured using multiplex bead analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean aqueous humor levels of IL-6 were significantly lower in patients with POAG compared to the control subjects (9.3±23.7 versus 55.3±94.4 pg/ml; p=0.002). No significant difference in the aqueous humor concentration of IL-1β was found between patients with POAG and control subjects (0.5±0.8 versus 0.4±0.8 pg/ml; p=0.85.) Concentrations of IL-1α, TNF-α, and FasL were below limits of detection. No significant correlation was found between IL-6 concentration and age, duration of disease, cup/disc ratio, or mean deviation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, we found significantly lower concentrations of IL-6 in the aqueous humor of patients with POAG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borkenstein
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faschinger
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weger
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theisl
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demel
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Graninger
authors.forename: Holzer
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Irene
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mossböck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C508584:IL1A protein, human; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha