title: Eye dosimetry in interventional radiology and cardiology: current challenges and practical considerations.
abstract: Interventional radiology and cardiology are areas with high potential for risk to eye lens. Accurate assessment of eye dose is one of the most important aspects of correlating doses with observed lens opacities among workers in interventional suites and ascertaining compliance with regulatory limits. The purpose of this paper is to review current approaches and opportunities in eye dosimetry and assess challenges in particular in accuracy and practicality. The possible approaches include practical dosimetry using passive dosemeters or active dosemeters with obvious advantage of active dosimetry. When neither of these is available, other approaches are based on either retrospective dose assessment using scatter radiation dose levels or correlations between patient dose indices and eye doses to the operators. In spite of all uncertainties and variations, estimation of eye dose from patient dose can be accepted as a compromise. Future challenges include development of practical methods for regular monitoring of individual eye doses and development of better techniques to estimate eye dose from measurements at some reference points.
authors.affiliation: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, M.P. Alasa 12, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia ociraj@vinca.rs.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ciraj-Bjelac
authors.affiliation: International Atomic Energy Agency (formerly) and European Society of Radiology (ESR), Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rehani
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*