title: Preventive effects of an original combination of grape seed polyphenols with amine fluoride on dental biofilm formation and oxidative damage by oral bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the preventive effects of an original combination of a grape seed extract (GSE) with an amine fluoride (Fluorinol(®) ) on dental plaque formation and oxidative damage caused by oral bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antibacterial activity of the compounds was assessed using the broth macrodilution method, and their antiplaque activity was evaluated on a multispecies biofilm grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs. The effect on glucosyltransferases activity was analysed through reductions in the overall reaction and the quantity of insoluble glucan synthesized. The combination of 2000 μg ml(-1) of GSE with 10·2 mg ml(-1) of Fluorinol(®) significantly decreased the biofilm formation (up to 4·76 log10 of reduction) and inhibited by 97·4% the insoluble glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferases. The antioxidant activity of this combination, alone or incorporated into a formulated mouthwash (Eludril daily(®) ), was determined using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC), and both showed significantly greater antioxidant capacity than vitamin C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GSE/Fluorinol(®) combination showed both a significant antiplaque activity and an important antioxidant capacity in vitro, without any bactericidal effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is, to our knowledge, the first report on the properties of an original combination of a polyphenolic extract with amine fluoride that could be used for the prevention of oral diseases and oxidative damage associated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (UMR 5503), Département Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furiga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roques
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Badet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000588:Amines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005936:Glucans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005936:Glucans; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D005459:Fluorides; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Oral biofilm; adherence; amine fluoride; antioxidant; glucosyltransferases; polyphenols