title: Crystal structure of the pleckstrin homology domain from the ceramide transfer protein: implications for conformational change upon ligand binding.
abstract: Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) is responsible for the nonvesicular trafficking of ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the trans Golgi network where it is converted to sphingomyelin (SM). The N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain is required for Golgi targeting of CERT by recognizing the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) enriched in the Golgi membrane. We report a crystal structure of the CERT PH domain. This structure contains a sulfate that is hydrogen bonded with residues in the canonical ligand-binding pocket of PH domains. Our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift perturbation (CSP) analyses show sulfate association with CERT PH protein resembles that of PtdIns(4)P, suggesting that the sulfate bound structure likely mimics the holo form of CERT PH protein. Comparison of the sulfate bound structure with the apo form solution structure shows structural rearrangements likely occur upon ligand binding, suggesting conformational flexibility in the ligand-binding pocket. This structural flexibility likely explains CERT PH domain's low affinity for PtdIns(4)P, a property that is distinct from many other PH domains that bind to their phosphoinositide ligands tightly. This unique structural feature of CERT PH domain is probably tailored towards the transfer activity of CERT protein where it needs to shuttle between ER and Golgi and therefore requires short resident time on ER and Golgi membranes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prashek
authors.forename: Trung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C039077:platelet protein P47; C119090:CERT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases