title: Work-related psychosocial and organizational risk factors for headache: a 3-year follow-up study of the general working population in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of work-related psychosocial and organizational factors on headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random cohort from the Norwegian general population (aged 18 to 66 years) had been observed for 3 years. Eligible respondents answered a question about headache, and were engaged in paid employment during the reference weeks in 2006 and 2009, or were temporarily absent from such work (N = 3325).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the fully adjusted model, the main risk factors were high role conflict (highest odds ratio [OR] = 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49 to 5.48), low social climate (highest OR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.09 to 4.49), bullying/harassment (OR = 3.94; 95% CI = 1.36 to 11.42), and downsizing (OR = 2.38; 95% = 1.20 to 4.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Role conflict, low social climate, and bullying/harassment were the main predictors of headaches. These factors should be considered to prevent headaches at work.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tynes
authors.forename: Håkon A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Johannessen
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sterud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D020415:Personnel Downsizing / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult