title: Local anesthesia for treatment of hernia in elder patients: Levobupicavaine or Bupivacaine?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inguinal hernia is one of the most common diseases in the elderly. Treatment of this pathology is exclusively surgical and relies almost always on the use of local anesthesia. While in the past hernia surgery was carried out mainly by general anesthesia, in recent years there has been growing emphasis on the role of local anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of our study was to compare intra-and postoperative analgesia obtained by the use of levobupivacaine to the same obtained by bupivacaine. Bupivacaine is one of the main local anesthetics used in the intervention of inguinal hernioplasty. Levobupivacaine is an enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine with less cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The study was conducted from March 2011 to March 2013. We collected data of eighty patients, male and female, aged between 65 and 86 years, who underwent inguinal hernioplasty with local anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of intra-operatively pain shows that minimal pain is the same in both groups. Mild pain was more frequent in the group who used levobupivacaine. Moderate pain was slightly more frequent in the group who used bupivacaine. Only one reported intense pain. Two drugs seem to have the same effect at a distance of six, twelve, eighteen and twentyfour hours. Bupivacaine shows a significantly higher number of complications, as already demonstrated by previous studies. Degree of satisfaction expressed by patients has been the same in the two groups. Levobupivacaine group has shown a greater request for paracetamol while patients who experienced bupivacaine have showed a higher request of other analgesics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical efficacy of levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine are actually similar, when used under local intervention of inguinal hernioplasty. In the field of ambulatorial surgery our working group prefers levobupivacaine for its fewer side effects and for its easy handling.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Compagna
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vigliotti
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fappiano
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Accurso
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danzi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aprea
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine