title: Dilation-assisted stone extraction: an alternative method for removal of common bile duct stones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dilation-assisted stone extraction, also termed small endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) plus endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation, is more efficient than EST alone for removal of large common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, whether this technique can be used for all stones is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and complications of dilation-assisted stone extraction for CBD stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 462 patients with CBD stones were randomized to undergo either dilation-assisted stone extraction (group A) or EST (group B). The efficacy and complications of the two techniques were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups A and B showed similar outcomes in terms of stone removal. The short-term and 1-year complication rates were also similar between the two groups. However, the first-session stone removal rate in group A was significantly higher than that in group B. Mechanical lithotripsy was required significantly more often in group B than in group A. The total procedure time and total fluoroscopy time in group A were significantly shorter than those in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dilation-assisted stone extraction and EST are safe and effective techniques for the treatment of CBD stones. Dilation-assisted stone extraction has high efficiency. This technique is an alternative method for removal of CBD stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China, sohuxiaoweishi@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiuping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hailan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Yanchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xinyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002758:Cholangiography; D004106:Dilatation; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*