title: Selenite protects Caenorhabditis elegans from oxidative stress via DAF-16 and TRXR-1.
abstract: METHODS
  Selenium is an essential micronutrient. In the present study, trace amount of selenite (0.01 μM) was evaluated for oxidative stress resistance and potential associated factors in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Selenite-treated C. elegans showed an increased survival under oxidative stress and thermal stress compared to untreated controls. Further studies demonstrated that the significant stress resistance of selenite on C. elegans could be attributed to its in vivo free radical-scavenging ability. We also found that the oxidative and thermal stress resistance phenotypes by selenite were absent from the forkhead transcription factor daf-16 mutant worms. Moreover, selenite influenced the subcellular distribution of DAF-16 in C. elegans. Furthermore, selenite increased mRNA levels of stress-resistance-related proteins, including superoxide dismutase-3 and heat shock protein-16.2. Additionally, selenite (0.01 μM) upregulated expressions of transgenic C. elegans carrying sod-3::green fluorescent protein (GFP) and hsp-16.2::GFP, whereas this effect was abolished by feeding daf-16 RNA interference in C. elegans. Finally, unlike the wild-type N2 worms, the oxidative stress resistance phenotypes by selenite were both absent from the C. elegans selenoprotein trxr-1 mutant worms and trxr-1 mutants feeding with daf-16 RNA interference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the antioxidant effects of selenite in C. elegans are mediated via DAF-16 and TRXR-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Hsuan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yeu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Chun-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chi-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hsiu-Chuan Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020887:Selenious Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054481:Thioredoxin Reductase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C108831:daf-16 protein, C elegans; C108431:hsp-16.2 protein, C elegans; C525107:Sod-3 protein, C elegans; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D054481:Thioredoxin Reductase 1; D020887:Selenious Acid
keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; DAF-16; Oxidative stress; Selenium; TRXR-1