title: [Safety, therapeutic hold, and patient's cohesion on closed, recently opened, and open psychiatric wards].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare ward atmosphere, safety, therapeutic hold, and patients' coherence on closed, recently opened, and open psychiatric wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ward atmosphere on two closed, two recently opened, and two permanently open wards was examined using the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES), and structural as well as clinical data were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Global ward atmosphere (p < 0.001), safety (p < 0.001), and patients' coherence (p < 0.001) on the recently opened wards were significantly higher than on the closed and permanently open wards. No significant differences were found regarding therapeutic hold. Recently opened wards had the highest occupancy, and there were no significant differences regarding severity of illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opening closed psychiatric wards can help establish a positive therapeutic atmosphere without omitting more severely ill patients or endangering patients and therapists.
authors.affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel/Schweiz.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blaesi
authors.affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel/Schweiz.
authors.forename: Stefanie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gairing
authors.affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel/Schweiz.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel/Schweiz.
authors.forename: Undine E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken, Basel/Schweiz.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010356:Patient Isolation; D061214:Patient Safety; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D060685:Sense of Coherence; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome