title: Patient engagement in the inpatient setting: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review existing literature regarding patient engagement technologies used in the inpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies that discussed patient engagement ('self-efficacy', 'patient empowerment', 'patient activation', or 'patient engagement'), (2) involved health information technology ('technology', 'games', 'electronic health record', 'electronic medical record', or 'personal health record'), and (3) took place in the inpatient setting ('inpatient' or 'hospital'). Only English language studies were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  17 articles were identified describing the topic of inpatient patient engagement. A few articles identified design requirements for inpatient engagement technology. The remainder described interventions, which we grouped into five categories: entertainment, generic health information delivery, patient-specific information delivery, advanced communication tools, and personalized decision support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examination of the current literature shows there are considerable gaps in knowledge regarding patient engagement in the hospital setting and inconsistent use of terminology regarding patient engagement overall. Research on inpatient engagement technologies has been limited, especially concerning the impact on health outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Prey
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woollen
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.affiliation: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sackeim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hripcsak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakken
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA NewYork Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Restaino
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Vawdrey
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology; D020407:Internet; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010358:Patient Participation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D018910:Video Games
keywords: inpatient; patient engagement; systematic review; technology