title: The expression of the estrogen receptor in obese patients with high breast density (HBD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity has been associated with increased risk for breast cancer (BC) mortality. Verifying in women with high breast density (HBD) post-menopausal, the frequency of polymorphisms of estrogen receptor (ER)α-PvuII, ERα-XbaI and if they influence the body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study with 308 women with HBD post-menopause divided into two groups according to BMI: 1st group = BMI < 25 kg/m(2), 2nd group = BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2). It was characterized in the clinical history: menarche, menopause, parity, family history of BC, smoking and alcohol intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allele and genotype frequencies for the ERα-397-Pvull and ERα-351-XbaI: P = 43.99%, p = 56.01%, pp = 32.14%, Pp = 47.73%, PP = X = 20.13% and X = 41.56%, x = 58.44%; xx = 33.44%; Xx = 50.00%; XX = 16.56%, respectively. Both PvuII and XbaI influenced BMI. When XbaI is mutated the tendency is toward higher BMI (0.039), and women with lower BMI were more frequent in PvuII genotype (p = 0.002). More frequent risk factors for BC: menarche before the age of 12 years (35.38%), nulliparity or 1st child after 28 years old (41.66%), family history of BC (19.16%) and overweight/obesity (62.01%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations in the ERα gene affected the BMI in women with HBD, who already are at increased risk for BC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil and.
authors.forename: Marilene Alicia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Angela de Maggio da
authors.initials: Ade M
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Vicente Renato
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Bagnoli
authors.forename: Nestor de
authors.initials: Nd
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Erica Mendonça das
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.forename: Sandra Dircinha Teixeira de Araújo
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Victor Hugo Souza
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Hortense
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Edmund Chada
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Baracat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000071060:Breast Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015257:DNA-Cytosine Methylases / Q000378:metabolism; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C047084:DNA modification methylase PvuII; D015257:DNA-Cytosine Methylases; C025580:endodeoxyribonuclease XBAI; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific