title: Development of a clinically-precise mouse model of rectal cancer.
abstract: Currently-used rodent tumor models, including transgenic tumor models, or subcutaneously growing tumors in mice, do not sufficiently represent clinical cancer. We report here development of methods to obtain a highly clinically-accurate rectal cancer model. This model was established by intrarectal transplantation of mouse rectal cancer cells, stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), followed by disrupting the epithelial cell layer of the rectal mucosa by instilling an acetic acid solution. Early-stage tumor was detected in the rectal mucosa by 6 days after transplantation. The tumor then became invasive into the submucosal tissue. The tumor incidence was 100% and mean volume (±SD) was 1232.4 ± 994.7 mm(3) at 4 weeks after transplantation detected by fluorescence imaging. Spontaneous lymph node metastasis and lung metastasis were also found approximately 4 weeks after transplantation in over 90% of mice. This rectal tumor model precisely mimics the natural history of rectal cancer and can be used to study early tumor development, metastasis, and discovery and evaluation of novel therapeutics for this treatment-resistant disease.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America ; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America ; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momiyama
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suetsugu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouvet
authors.forename: Toshiyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology