title: Randomized parcellation based inference.
abstract: Neuroimaging group analyses are used to relate inter-subject signal differences observed in brain imaging with behavioral or genetic variables and to assess risks factors of brain diseases. The lack of stability and of sensitivity of current voxel-based analysis schemes may however lead to non-reproducible results. We introduce a new approach to overcome the limitations of standard methods, in which active voxels are detected according to a consensus on several random parcellations of the brain images, while a permutation test controls the false positive risk. Both on synthetic and real data, this approach shows higher sensitivity, better accuracy and higher reproducibility than state-of-the-art methods. In a neuroimaging-genetic application, we find that it succeeds in detecting a significant association between a genetic variant next to the COMT gene and the BOLD signal in the left thalamus for a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging contrast associated with incorrect responses of the subjects from a Stop Signal Task protocol.
authors.affiliation: Parietal Team, INRIA Saclay-Île-de-France, Saclay, France; CEA, DSV, I(2)BM, Neurospin bât 145, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: benoit.da_mota@inria.fr.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Da Mota
authors.affiliation: Parietal Team, INRIA Saclay-Île-de-France, Saclay, France; CEA, DSV, I(2)BM, Neurospin bât 145, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Virgile
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.affiliation: Parietal Team, INRIA Saclay-Île-de-France, Saclay, France; CEA, DSV, I(2)BM, Neurospin bât 145, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varoquaux
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Arun L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.affiliation: Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste. Justine Hospital, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conrod
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garavan
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, Orsay, France; AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinot
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nees
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pausova
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Smolka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ströhle
authors.affiliation: CEA, DSV, I(2)BM, Neurospin bât 145, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Frouin
authors.affiliation: CEA, DSV, I(2)BM, Neurospin bât 145, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Henry H. Wheeler Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California at Berkeley, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Poline
authors.affiliation: Parietal Team, INRIA Saclay-Île-de-France, Saclay, France; CEA, DSV, I(2)BM, Neurospin bât 145, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address: bertrand.thirion@inria.fr.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thirion
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C588010:COMT protein, human; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase
keywords: Group analysis; Multiple comparisons; Parcellation; Permutations; Reproducibility