title: Surface charges and shell crosslinks each play significant roles in mediating degradation, biofouling, cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity for polyphosphoester-based nanoparticles.
abstract: The construction of nanostructures from biodegradable precursors and shell/core crosslinking have been pursued as strategies to solve the problems of toxicity and limited stability, respectively. Polyphosphoester (PPE)-based micelles and crosslinked nanoparticles with non-ionic, anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surface characteristics for potential packaging and delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, were constructed using a quick and efficient synthetic strategy, and importantly, demonstrated remarkable differences in terms of cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and biofouling properties, as a function of their surface characteristics and also with dependence on crosslinking throughout the shell layers. For instance, crosslinking of zwitterionic micelles significantly reduced the immunotoxicity, as evidenced from the absence of secretions of any of the 23 measured cytokines from RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages treated with the nanoparticles. The micelles and their crosslinked analogs demonstrated lower cytotoxicity than several commercially-available vehicles, and their degradation products were not cytotoxic to cells at the range of the tested concentrations. PPE-nanoparticles are expected to have broad implications in clinical nanomedicine as alternative vehicles to those involved in several of the currently available medications.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States [2] Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut Clinical Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt [3].
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elsabahy
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fuwu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhou J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Young H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Perouza
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parsamian
authors.forename: Paula T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wooley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry; D057219:Biofouling; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002412:Cations; D016207:Cytokines; D008823:Micelles; D011108:Polymers