title: Separable roles for attentional control sub-systems in reading tasks: a combined behavioral and fMRI study.
abstract: Attentional control is important both for learning to read and for performing difficult reading tasks. A previous study invoked 2 mechanisms to explain reaction time (RT) differences between reading tasks with variable attentional demands. The present study combined behavioral and neuroimaging measures to test the hypotheses that there are 2 mechanisms of interaction between attentional control and reading; that these mechanisms are dissociable both behaviorally and neuro-anatomically; and that the 2 mechanisms involve functionally separable control systems. First, RT evidence was found in support of the 2-mechanism model, corroborating the previous study. Next, 2 sets of brain regions were identified as showing functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level-dependent activity that maps onto the 2-mechanism distinction. One set included bilateral Cingulo-opercular regions and mostly right-lateralized Dorsal Attention regions (CO/DA+). This CO/DA+ region set showed response properties consistent with a role in reporting which processing pathway (phonological or lexical) was biased for a particular trial. A second set was composed primarily of left-lateralized Frontal-parietal (FP) regions. Its signal properties were consistent with a role in response checking. These results demonstrate how the subcomponents of attentional control interact with subcomponents of reading processes in healthy young adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology.
authors.forename: S K Z
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ihnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology Department of Radiology Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Psychology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology Department of Radiology Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schlaggar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011932:Reading; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: dual route; lexicality; orthography; phonology; regularity