title: Engineering cell alignment in vitro.
abstract: Cell alignment plays a critical role in various cell behaviors including cytoskeleton reorganization, membrane protein relocation, nucleus gene expression, and ECM remodeling. Cell alignment is also known to exert significant effects on tissue regeneration (e.g., neuron) and modulate mechanical properties of tissues including skeleton, cardiac muscle and tendon. Therefore, it is essential to engineer cell alignment in vitro for biomechanics, cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. With advances in nano- and micro-scale technologies, a variety of approaches have been developed to engineer cell alignment in vitro, including mechanical loading, topographical patterning, and surface chemical treatment. In this review, we first present alignments of various cell types and their functionality in different tissues in vivo including muscle and nerve tissues. Then, we provide an overview of recent approaches for engineering cell alignment in vitro. Finally, concluding remarks and perspectives are addressed for future improvement of engineering cell alignment.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: Guoyou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
authors.forename: Tian Jian
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China. Electronic address: fengxu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D060846:Cell Engineering; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D013234:Stem Cells; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering
keywords: Cell alignment; Mechanical loading; Surface chemical treatment; Tissue engineering; Topographical patterning