title: An acute intake of a walnut-enriched meal improves postprandial adiponectin response in healthy young adults.
abstract: A deficit in adiponectin plays an important causal role in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that as seen during the fasting state, the intake of a walnut-enriched meal increased postprandial adiponectin. Twenty-one healthy white men followed a 4-week baseline diet and then consumed 3 fat-loaded meals that included 1 g fat/kg body weight (65% fat) according to a randomized crossover design: olive oil-enriched meal (22% saturated fatty acids [SFA], 38% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], 4% polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA]), butter-enriched meal (35% SFA, 22% MUFA, 4% PUFA), and walnut-enriched meal (20% SFA, 24% MUFA, 16% PUFA, and 4% α-linolenic acid). Leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and free fatty acids were determined at 0, 3, 6, and 8.5 hours after the fat load. After the walnut-enriched meal, plasma adiponectin concentrations were higher at 3 and 6 hours (P = .011, P = .046, respectively) compared with the butter-enriched meal and higher at 6 hours compared with the olive oil-enriched meal (P = .036). Free fatty acid levels decreased from baseline at 3 hours after the walnut-enriched meal (P = .001). No differences were observed between the 3 meals for leptin and resistin responses. Our data confirmed a beneficial profile in the postprandial response to walnuts, source of omega-3 PUFA with an increased postprandial adiponectin and lower postprandial free fatty acid responses. These findings suggest that the postprandial state is important for understanding the possible cardioprotective effects associated with omega-3 PUFA dietary fat.
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/IMIBIC, Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Aquiles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perez-Martinez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado-Lista
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz-Teno
authors.forename: Purificacion
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gomez-Luna
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Cantalejo
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perez-Jimenez
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez-Miranda
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002079:Butter; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D031324:Juglans / Q000737:chemistry*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D009754:Nuts; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012016:Reference Values; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D020738:Leptin; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D028321:Plant Preparations; D052243:Resistin; D002079:Butter
keywords: ALA; ANOVA; AUC; Adiponectin; Analysis of variance; Area under the curve; C; Cholesterol; ELISA; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FFA; Free fatty acids; HOMA-R; Homeostasis model assesment ratio; Human; IL-6; Interleukin 6; MUFA; Monounsaturated fatty acids; N-3 fatty acids; Omega-3; PUFA; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Postprandial state; SFA; Saturated fatty acids; TG; TNF-α; TRL; Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.; Triglycerides; Tumor necrosis factor α; Walnuts; n-3; α-linolenic acid