title: Global impact of heparin on gene expression profiles in neural cells infected by enterovirus 71.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heparan sulphate mimetics, particularly heparin (Hep), have previously been shown to considerably inhibit infection of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Vero cells. Therefore, in this study, a genome-wide DNA microarray was performed to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of action of Hep against infection of a human neural cell line, SK-N-SH, with a clinical strain of EV71.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study focused on a selection of EV71-induced genes whose expression profiling was exclusively affected by the antiviral activity of Hep. The selection procedure was performed through a statistical multi-level comparison with the following controls: negative control cells, compound control (cells treated with Hep only), virus control (cells treated with virus only) and treatment control (EV71-infected cells treated with Hep).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, of more than 30,000 genes studied, 14 well-known annotated genes were selected that may be targets for the antiviral activity of Hep against EV71 infection in neural cells. For most of these genes, Hep appeared to modulate the impact of EV71 infection on the expression pattern of the genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this research may provide initial assistance in new directions for studies to design molecular drug targets against EV71 infection.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Pourianfar
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palombo
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grollo
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006493:Heparin