title: Antibodies to infliximab and risk of infusion reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antibodies to infliximab (ATIs) have been associated with a risk of infusion reactions in some studies of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, many factors, such as immunomodulators and dosing schedule, may influence this association. The aim of this article was to provide a pooled estimate of the risk of infusion reactions according to patients' ATI status and analyze the relationship of immunomodulators to this risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public databases were searched for eligible studies. Quality assessment was undertaken for all studies using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Raw data from studies meeting inclusion criteria were pooled for meta-analysis of effect estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed for all outcomes. Funnel plot was performed to assess for publication bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, with a pooled total of 1351 subjects. Seven of the 8 studies had a high risk of bias in at least 1 quality domain. The cumulative data indicated that there was a higher risk ratio (RR) of any acute infusion reaction (RR 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-3.8, P < 0.001) and severe infusion reactions (RR 5.8, 95% CI 1.7-19, P = 0.004) in patients with ATIs when compared with patients without ATIs. The RR of delayed hypersensitivity reactions was not significantly different between ATI+ and ATI- patients (RR 2.8, 95% CI 0.2-33, P = 0.4). Patients prescribed immunomodulators during maintenance infliximab therapy had a reduction in their risk for ATI development (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9, P = 0.02) and infusion reactions (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of ATIs is associated with a significantly higher risk of acute infusion reactions, but not delayed hypersensitivity reactions, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Concomitant immunomodulators reduce this risk.
authors.affiliation: Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sorcha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Meara
authors.forename: Kavinderjit S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000097:blood; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069285:Infliximab; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000069285:Infliximab