title: Perioral aging--an anthropometric appraisal.
abstract: To adequately perform perioral rejuvenation procedures, it is necessary to understand the morphologic changes caused by facial aging. Anthropometric analyses of standardized frontal view and profile photographs could help to investigate such changes. Photographs of 346 male individuals were evaluated using 12 anthropometric indices. Data from two groups of health subjects, the first exhibiting a mean age of nearly 20 and the second of nearly 60 years, were compared. To evaluate the influence of combined nicotine and alcohol abuse, the data of the second group were compared to a third group exhibiting a similar mean age who were known alcohol and nicotine abusers. Comparison of the first to the second group showed significant decrease of the vertical height of upper and lower vermilion and relative enlargement of the cutaneous part of upper and lower lips. This effect was stronger in the upper vermilion and medial upper lips. The sagging of the upper lips led to the appearance of an increased mouth width. In the third group the effect of sagging of the upper lips, and especially its medial portion was significantly higher compared to the second group. The photo-assisted anthropometric measurements investigated gave reproducible results related to perioral aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery & Plastic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; Interdisciplinary Research Groupe of Computational Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: raschke.gregor@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Gregor F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Raschke
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic & Aesthetic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, Markus Krankenhaus, Wilhelm-Epstein-Straße 4, Frankfurt am Main, Academic Teaching Hospital, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe University, Germany; Interdisciplinary Research Groupe of Computational Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery & Plastic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Rolf-Dieter
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Groupe of Computational Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Groupe of Computational Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guentsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery & Plastic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; Interdisciplinary Research Groupe of Computational Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomez Dammeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery & Plastic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schultze-Mosgau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000473:pathology; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000473:pathology*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging related changes; Anthropometry; Facial aging; Perioral region; Smoking