title: Effects of ionization on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.
abstract: Increase in the use of manufactured nanomaterials (NMs) has led to concerns about the environmental impacts. Especially, hazard of metal-based NMs is more severe due to ions released from surface by water quality parameters and physicochemical properties after entering into the water environment. However, little is known about the effects of ionization on the toxicity of metal-based NMs in the water environment. To address this question, we prepared the suspensions of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) at 25 μg L(-1) containing different concentrations of Ag(+) (5, 10, 20, 45, and 75% Ag(+) to total Ag), and evaluated their toxicity to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. Higher Ag(+) ratios in the AgNP suspension, suggesting the lower number of particles, led to the higher adverse effects on embryos and sac-fries. In addition, histopathology analysis revealed that AgNPs penetrated through chorion of eggs and skin membrane, and were distributed into the tissues. The results imply that the ionization could decrease the toxicity of metal-based NMs in the water environment.
authors.affiliation: a National Institute of Environmental Research , Environment Research Complex , Seo-gu , Incheon , Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Cheun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jungkon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cuong N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Eunjoo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jongheop
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Ig-Chun
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Pilje
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Junheon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007477:Ions / Q000633:toxicity; D009026:Mortality; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver