title: Ultrastructure study of hair damage after ultraviolet irradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural ultraviolet exposure induces hair damage, which is difficult to avoid. Most of the research work is focused on the effect of ultraviolet on the epidermis, dermis as well as the immune system, whereas the long-term effect of ultraviolet on hair has not been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  we performed our experiment to find out the changes induced in hair follicle and shaft in those patients exposed to high doses of ultraviolet (A and B) during treatment of other skin conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Light and transmission electron microscopy examination of scalp hair follicles and shafts of 10 patients with vitiligo under psoralen plus ultraviolet A (group 1) and 10 patients with vitiligo under narrow band ultraviolet B (group 2) was carried out and compared with those of 10 healthy volunteers (group 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical changes in the appearance of hair were more in groups 1 and 2 than control. Reduced hair follicle thickness and perifollicular infiltrate and hyaline disorganized perifollicular collagen were observed more in group 1 than in group 2 with the absence of these changes in group 3. Transmission electron microscopy showed nonspecific cell injury in hair follicles in group 1 more than the other 2 groups, while the damaging effect on hair was more in the second group than the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the damaging effect of ultraviolet on hair, patients under treatment with this modality should be cautious to protect their hair during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nehal Mohamed
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Zuel-Fakkar
authors.forename: Ekramy Ahmed
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: El Khateeb
authors.forename: Hala Sobhi
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cousha
authors.forename: Dina Mohamed
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hamed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005363:Ficusin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012535:Scalp / Q000528:radiation effects; D014467:Ultraviolet Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D005363:Ficusin
keywords: hair; narrow band-ultraviolet B; psoralen and UVA