title: Comparative Analysis of the Full-Length Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate of Human Parainfluenza Virus 4B.
abstract: We are engaged in airborne transmission and epidemiology studies of respiratory pathogens, with particular interest in human parainfluenza virus type 4 (hPIV-4) and other lesser studied viruses. In this paper, hPIV-4 was detected in primary rhesus monkey kidney (PRMK) cells that had been inoculated with nasopharyngeal swab material obtained from a child with a mild upper respiratory tract illness. Attempts to isolate the virus in pure culture were hampered by the presence of a fast-growing simian spumavirus that was a contaminant of the PRMK cells. Total RNA was extracted from the PRMK cell culture, and PCR followed by sequencing of a subgenomic section of the fusion protein gene suggested the hPIV-4 was subtype 4B. At the time of this work, two complete but dissimilar hPIV-4B genomes had been deposited by others in GenBank. To gain better insights on hPIV-4B, and to test methods that we are developing for viral forensics, the entire genomic sequence of our virus was determined from archived RNA. The hPIV-4B genomic sequence that we determined conforms to the paramyxovirus "rule of six." Here, we compare and contrast the genetic features of the three completely sequenced hPIV-4B genomes currently present in GenBank.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100188, Gainesville, FL 32610-0188, USA ; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lednicky
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Waltzek
authors.forename: Micah D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Sara B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hamilton