title: Alogliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (1946-August 2013) and Embase (1974-August 2013) for English language articles using key words alogliptin, SYR-332, Nesina, Oseni, and Kazano. References of articles were reviewed to identify any additional sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles with adequate sample sizes, evaluating clinically relevant end points were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alogliptin is a highly selective and potent competitive inhibitor of DPP-4. The DPP-4 enzyme rapidly inactivates the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. GLP-1, which releases postprandial insulin in response to meals, is thought to be deficient in patients with T2DM. Studies evaluating the role of alogliptin in T2DM have shown significant reductions in blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) levels. Alogliptin doses of 12.5 to 25 mg once daily reduced A1C by 0.56% to 0.59% as monotherapy. Patients given alogliptin in addition to other antidiabetic agentsexperienced additional A1C lowering of 0.4% to 0.8%. Side effects of alogliptin include nasopharyngitis, upper-respiratory tract infections, and headache. Alogliptin demonstrates a neutral effect on weight. A large trial evaluating the cardiovascular safety of alogliptin is currently being conducted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alogliptin is the fourth DDP-4 inhibitor approved in the US for the treatment of T2DM. It is available alone (Nesina) and in fixed-dose combinations with metformin (Kazano) and pioglitazone (Oseni). It has no demonstrable advantages over other agents in its class.
authors.affiliation: MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy-Worcester/Manchester, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charron
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014498:Uracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D014498:Uracil; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C520853:alogliptin
keywords: Kazano; Nesina; Oseni; SYR-332; alogliptin; dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; type 2 diabetes mellitus