title: Shear-induced hydrodynamic cavitation as a tool for pharmaceutical micropollutants removal from urban wastewater.
abstract: In this study, the removal of clofibric acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, carbamazepine and diclofenac residues from wastewater, using a novel shear-induced cavitation generator has been systematically studied. The effects of temperature, cavitation time and H2O2 dose on removal efficiency were investigated. Optimisation (50°C; 15 min; 340 mg L(-1) of added H2O2) resulted in removal efficiencies of 47-86% in spiked deionised water samples. Treatment of actual wastewater effluents revealed that although matrix composition reduces removal efficiency, this effect can be compensated for by increasing H2O2 dose (3.4 g L(-1)) and prolonging cavitation time (30 min). Hydrodynamic cavitation has also been investigated as either a pre- or a post-treatment step to biological treatment. The results revealed a higher overall removal efficiency of recalcitrant diclofenac and carbamazepine, when hydrodynamic cavitation was used prior to as compared to post biological treatment i.e., 54% and 67% as compared to 39% and 56%, respectively. This is an important finding since diclofenac is considered as a priority substance to be included in the EU Water Framework Directive.
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Ecological Engineering Institute Ltd, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mojca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zupanc
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosjek
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petkovšek
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Matevž
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dular
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kompare
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Brane
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Širok
authors.affiliation: JP CCN Domzale-Kamnik d.o.o., Domzale-Kamnik WWTP, Domzale, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marjeta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stražar
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: ester.heath@ijs.si.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heath
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: AOP; CBZ; CLA; CT; DF; DW; EC; EE; GC–MS; HC; HCG; HRT; Hydrodynamic cavitation; IB; IT; KP; LOD; MTBSTFA; N-(t-butyldimetylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamid; NP; Pharmaceutical; Removal; SPE; TOC; WFD; WW; WWTP; Wastewater; Water Framework Directive; advanced oxidation process; carbamazepine; clofibric acid; constant temperature; deionised water; diclofenac; energy consumption; energy efficiency; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; hydraulic retention time; hydrodynamic cavitation; hydrodynamic cavitation generator; ibuprofen; increasing temperature; ketoprofen; limit of detection; naproxen; solid phase extraction; total organic carbon; wastewater; wastewater treatment plant