title: Single oral dose toxicity study of prebrewed armeniacae semen in rats.
abstract: Armeniacae semen (AS) has been considered a toxic herb in the Korean medicine as it contains hydrogen cyanide and amygdalin, especially in its endocarp. Therefore, prebrewed AS that is devoid of endocarp has been traditionally used. In the present study, amygdalin content of the prebrewed AS was significantly lower (2.73 ± 0.32 μg/ml; p < 0.01) than the content in the extract that contained the endocarps (28.50 ± 6.71 μg/ml); amygdalin content corresponded to 10% of the extract in the present study. Because of single oral dose toxicity of prebrewed AS according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration Guidelines (2009-116, 2009), which was based on single oral dose toxicity study of prebrewed AS, mortality due to toxic principles was significantly reduced. In this study, 2,000 mg/kg of prebrewed AS led to death of 1 female rat and 1 male rat at the end of 2 hr of administration. Based on these results, the 50% lethal dose in both male and female rats was determined to be 9279.5 mg/kg. Seizure, loss of locomotion, and increases in respiration and heart rate were observed as prebrewed AS treatment-related toxicological signs; these signs were restrictedly manifested in the prebrewed AS (2,000 mg/kg)-treated rats. In addition, no changes were observed in body weight, organ weight, gross features, and histopathological parameters with 2,000 mg/kg of AS in both male and female rats. These findings serve as direct evidence that amygdalin in AS is the toxic principle, which can be reduced by the traditional prebrewing method involving the exclusion of endocarp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bu-Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Su-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kyu-Ryul
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Chang-Kyun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chang-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Soo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sae-Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ku
keywords: Amygdalin; Histopathology; Prebrewed Armeniacae Semen; Rat; Single oral dose toxicity