title: Similar adverse pregnancy outcome in native and nonnative dutch women with pregestational type 2 diabetes: a multicentre retrospective study.
abstract: Objective. To assess the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in native and nonnative Dutch women with pregestational type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a multicenter study in The Netherlands. Methods. Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome were retrospectively reviewed and the influence of ethnicity on outcome was evaluated using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and chi-square test. Results. 272 pregnant women (80 native and 192 non-native Dutch) with pregestational T2D were included. Overall outcome was unfavourable, with a perinatal mortality of 4.8%, major congenital malformations of 6.3%, preeclampsia of 11%, preterm birth of 19%, birth weight >90th percentile of 32%, and a Caesarean section rate of 42%. In nonnative Dutch women, the glycemic control was slightly poorer and the gestational age at booking somewhat later as compared to native Dutch women. However, there were no differences in incidence of preeclampsia/HELLP, preterm birth, perinatal mortality, macrosomia, and congenital malformations between those two groups. Conclusions. A high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was found in women with pregestational T2D, although the outcome was comparable between native and non-native Dutch women. This suggests that easy access to and adequate participation in the local health care systems contribute to these comparable outcomes, offsetting potential disadvantages in the non-native group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: Thera P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Links
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellinga
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: Gerard H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Wim J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: Marijke M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Faas
authors.forename: Manon C J
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Petronella H L M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Geelhoed-Duijvestijn
authors.forename: Rutgert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Anton K M
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bartelink
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: de Valk