title: Differential expression of serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases: specific or nonspecific signatures.
abstract: Apart from direct detection of the infecting organisms or biomarker of the pathogen itself, surrogate host markers are also useful for sensitive and early diagnosis of pathogenic infections. Early detection of pathogenic infections, discrimination among closely related diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations, and monitoring of disease progression can be achieved by analyzing blood biomarkers. Therefore, over the last decade large numbers of proteomics studies have been conducted to identify differentially expressed human serum/plasma proteins in different infectious diseases with the intent of discovering novel potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. However, in-depth review of the literature indicates that many reported biomarkers are altered in the same way in multiple infectious diseases, regardless of the type of infection. This might be a consequence of generic acute phase reactions, while the uniquely modulated candidates in different pathogenic infections could be indicators of some specific responses. In this review article, we will provide a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed serum/plasma proteins in various infectious diseases and categorize the protein markers associated with generic or specific responses. The challenges associated with the discovery, validation, and translational phases of serum/plasma biomarker establishment are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Wadhwani Research Centre for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Sandipan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Sandip K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Vipin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jagruti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damahe
authors.forename: Sanjeeva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Acute phase proteins; Biomarkers; Infectious diseases; Plasma; Serum