title: Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage: clinical and CT findings in 326 patients.
abstract: Clinical symptoms and findings in cranial computed tomography (CT) were evaluated in 326 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Localizations of ICH were the lobes (n = 254), the basal ganglia (n = 46), the pons and brain stem (n = 13) and the cerebellum (n = 8). Multiple hematomas were present in nine patients. An initial coma (n = 225) was most frequent in ICH of the pons (n = 7), cerebellum (n = 6), and the frontal (n = 71) and temporal (n = 66) lobes. Epileptic seizures (n = 70) were most common in hematomas of the frontal (n = 24), temporal (n = 19) and parietal (n = 12) lobes and the basal ganglia (n = 6). A history of hypertension was given in 140 patients; 119 of these had an ICH with a size of ≥3 cm. Mortality (n = 162) was high with ICH in the pons and brain stem (10 out of 13), in the frontal (54 out of 98) and parietal (32 out of 58) lobes and the basal ganglia (n = 23). A size of the ICH of 3 cm or more in cranial CT and an associated ventricular hemorrhage were associated with a bad outcome. An initial disturbance of consciousness was the only reliable clinical predictor of outcome (chi-square, p < 0.001). Katamnestic evaluation of 66 of the 164 survivors after 5.2 years revealed seizures in 20 patients and mild neurological deficits in 41. Another 14 patients were partially, and nine totally dependent Nineteen patients had died in between; there was only one death attributable to another ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Essen and Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berlit
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tornow