title: Phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and anti-adipogenic effect of hot water extract from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed.
abstract: This study was to evaluate the phenolic content and composition of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed extract (CSE) and to further assess its antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities using various radical scavenging systems and 3T3-L1 cells. Our results show that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of CSE were 126.0 ± 2.4 mg GAE/g and 62.2 ± 1.9 mg QE/g, respectively. The major phenolic compounds in CSE was (-)-epigallocatechin (109.62 mg/g), with a 4-hydroxy benzhydrazide derivative and gallocatechin present at 18.28 mg/g and 17.02 mg/g, respectively. CSE exhibited remarkable radical scavenging activities, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of CSE (0.1 mg/mL) was 62.9 ± 4.7 μM TE (trolox equivalent)/g. During adipogenesis, CSE significantly inhibited fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells compared with control cells. Overall, these results indicate that CSE might be a valuable source of bioactive compounds that impart functional food and natural antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea. loh99@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seok-Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Dai
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Suk-Nam
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seong-Kap
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Hyo-Ku
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ok-Hwan
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031187:Carthamus tinctorius / Q000737:chemistry*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006834:Hydrazines; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002392:Catechin; C057580:gallocatechol; C006712:benzoylhydrazine