title: The Child and Adolescent Scale of Environment (CASE): Further validation with youth who have chronic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further validate the Child and Adolescent Scale of Environment (CASE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data (n = 430) were analyzed from a longitudinal study on quality of life for youth with chronic conditions ages 11-17 in Ontario, Canada. Internal consistency and structure, and convergent and discriminant validity were examined via Cronbach's alpha (α), exploratory factor analyses, correlation analyses and ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CASE had high internal consistency (α = 0.89). A three-factor solution was produced with 55% variance explained: (1) Community/Home Resources, (2) School Resources and (3) Physical Design/Access). CASE total and factor scores were significantly correlated with scores from measures of impairment and participation (i.e. youth with more problematic environments had more severe impairment and more restricted participation). Significant differences in CASE scores existed for primary condition and impairment severity, but not for age or gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide additional CASE validation evidence. Further testing is needed with more diverse and representative samples.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Occupational Therapy , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts , United States and.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bedell
authors.affiliation: b Thames Valley Children's Centre , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDougall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003147:Communication Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D012931:Social Environment; D058992:Social Participation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Chronic conditions; disability; environment; measurement; participation; youth