title: Significant prevalence of antibodies reacting with simian virus 40 mimotopes in sera from patients affected by glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare tumor, which affects 1/100 000 individuals, but it represents 30% of central nervous system malignancies. GBM is a severe tumor responsible for 2% of all cancer-related deaths. Although characterized by genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneities, GBM invariably resists conventional chemo- and radiotherapies. Several chromosome alterations and gene mutations were detected in GBM. Simian virus 40 (SV40), a small DNA tumor virus, has been found in GBM specimens by some studies, while other investigations have not confirmed the association.
  
  
  METHODS
  An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with 2 synthetic peptides mimicking SV40 antigens of viral capsid proteins 1-3 was employed to detect specific antibodies against SV40 in serum samples from GBM-affected patients, together with controls represented by patients affected by breast cancer and normal subjects of the same median age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data indicate that in serum samples from GBM-affected patients (n = 44), the prevalence of antibodies against SV40 viral capsid protein antigens is statistically significantly higher (34%, P = .016 and P = .03) than in the control groups (15%), represented by healthy subjects (n = 101) and patients affected by breast cancer (n = 78), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that SV40, or a closely related yet undiscovered human polyomavirus, is associated with a subset of GBM and circulates in humans. Our study can be transferred to the clinical oncology application to discriminate different types of heterogeneous GBM, which in turn may address an innovative therapeutic approach to this fatal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pathology, Oncology, and Experimental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (E.M., J.C.R., M.T., F.M.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy (M.G., F.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (A.C., A.P.T., G.B-B.); Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (M.B.); United Clinical Laboratories Analysis, City Hospitals, Brescia, Italy (G.R.); Clinical Laboratory Analysis, San Marino State Hospital, Republic of San Marino (F.C.); Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy (G.R.).
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerosa
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lupidi
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corallini
authors.forename: Angelo Pio
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Taronna
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bovenzi
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casali
authors.forename: John Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rotondo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rezza
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbanti-Brodano
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tognon
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments
keywords: glioblastoma multiforme; immunglobulin G; simian virus 40