title: Effect of complex treatment using visual and auditory stimuli on the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children.
abstract: We investigated the effects of complex treatment using visual and auditory stimuli on the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Forty-seven male children (7-13 yr old), who were clinically diagnosed with ADHD at the Balance Brain Center in Seoul, Korea, were included in this study. The complex treatment consisted of visual and auditory stimuli, core muscle exercise, targeting ball exercise, ocular motor exercise, and visual motor integration. All subjects completed the complex treatment for 60 min/day, 2-3 times/week for more than 12 weeks. Data regarding visual and auditory reaction time and cognitive function were obtained using the Neurosync program, Stroop Color-Word Test, and test of nonverbal intelligence (TONI) at pre- and post-treatment. The complex treatment significantly decreased the total reaction time, while it increased the number of combo actions on visual and auditory stimuli (P< 0.05). The Stroop color, word, and color-word scores were significantly increased at post-treatment compared to the scores at pretreatment (P< 0.05). There was no significant change in the TONI scores, although a tendency toward an increase in these scores was observed. In conclusion, complex treatment using visual and auditory stimuli alleviated the symptoms of ADHD and improved cognitive function in children. In addition, visual and auditory function might be possible indicators for demonstrating effective ADHD intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Welfare for the Elderly, Graduate School, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ki-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Yong-Kyung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi-Han
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Cognitive function; Exercise; Visual auditory integration