title: The mild® procedure: a systematic review of the current literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's objective was to determine if the literature supports use of the Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression (mild®) procedure (Vertos Medical, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) to reduce pain and improve function in patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as an evidence-based review of available data. Studies were identified from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Articles were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group system. Results were compiled assessing short- (4-6 weeks), medium- (3-6 months), and long-term (>1 year) outcomes. The primary outcomes evaluated were pain, measured by the visual analog scale (VAS), and function, measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Secondary outcomes included pain and patient satisfaction, measured by the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire, adverse effects/complications, and changes in utilization of co-interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature search revealed one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 12 other studies (seven prospective cohort, four retrospective, and one case series) that provided information on the use of mild® in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. All studies showed statistically significant improvements in VAS and ODI scores at all time frames compared with preprocedure levels; the RCT showed improvement over controls. Categorical data were not provided; thus, the proportion of patients who experienced minimal clinically meaningful outcomes is unknown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current body of evidence addressing mild® is of low quality. High-quality studies that are independent of industry funding and provide categorical data are needed to clarify the proportions of patients who benefit from mild® and the degree to which these patients benefit. Additional data at up to 2 years are needed to determine the overall utility of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Ahwatukee Sport and Spine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: D Scott
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kreiner
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacVicar
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duszynski
authors.forename: Devi E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Nampiaparampil
mesh_terms: D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Intermittent Claudication; Interventional; Lumbar; Neurogenic Claudication; Percutaneous Decompression; Spinal Stenosis