title: Consequences of the Combined α-tocopherol, Ascorbic Acid and α-lipoic Acid on the Glutathione, Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Composition in Muscle and Liver of Diabetic Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a triple antioxidant combination [α-tocopherol (AT), ascorbic acid (AA) and α-lipoic acid (LA); AT+AA+LA] on the cholesterol and glutathione levels, and the fatty acid composition of liver and muscle tissues in diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The first group was used as a control. The second, third and fourth groups received STZ (45 mg/kg) in citrate buffer. The fourth and fifth groups were injected with intraperitoneal (IP) 50 mg/kg DL-AT and 50 mg /kg DL-LA four times per week and received water-soluble vitamin C (50 mg/kg) in their drinking water for a period of six weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver cholesterol levels in the AT+AA+LA group were lower than the control (P<0.05). Glutathione level was lower in D-2 (P<0.05) and were higher in D+AT+AA+LA and AT+AA+LA groups than the control groups (P≤ 0.05). The muscle cholesterol levels in the D-1 and D+AT+AA+LA groups were higher than the control group (P≤ 0.05). The levels of oleic acid were higher in the D-1 group and lower in the D-2 group (P<0.001). The arachidonic acid level in the D-1 and D-2 groups were lower (P<0.05), and higher in the D+AT+AA+LA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed that glutathione levels and the Stearoyl CoA Desaturase enzyme products in liver tissues of diabetic and non-diabetic rats were increased by triple antioxidant mixture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119-Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Okkes
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ersan
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dilek Ozsahin
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ihsan Ozturk
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozkan
keywords: Cholesterol; Diabetes; Fatty acids; Glutathione; Liver; Muscle