title: The impact of preparatory activities on medical school selection outcomes: a cross-sectional survey of applicants to the University of Adelaide Medical School in 2007.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selection into medical school is highly competitive with more applicants than places. Little is known about the preparation that applicants undertake for this high stakes process. The study aims to determine what preparatory activities applicants undertake and what difficulties they encounter for each stage of the application process to medical school and in particular what impact these have on the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of 1097 applicants who applied for a place in the University of Adelaide Medical School in 2007 and participated in the UMAT (Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test) and oral assessment components of the selection process. The main outcome measures were an offer of an interview and offer of a place in the medical school and were analysed using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of a successful outcome increased with each additional preparatory activity undertaken for the UMAT (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.33; P < 0.001) and the oral assessment (1.36, 1.19 to 1.55; P < 0.001) stage of selection. The UMAT preparatory activities associated with the offer of an interview were attendance of a training course by a private organisation (1.75, 1.35 to 2.27: P < 0.001), use of online services of a private organisation (1.58, 1.23 to 2.04; P < 0.001), and familiarising oneself with the process (1.52, 1.15 to 2.00; p = 0.021). The oral assessment activities associated with an offer of a place included refining and learning a personal resume (9.73, 2.97 to 31.88; P < 0.001) and learning about the course structure (2.05, 1.29 to 3.26; P = 0.022).For the UMAT, applicants who found difficulties with learning for this type of test (0.47, 0.35 to 0.63: P < 0.001), with the timing of UMAT in terms of school exams (0.48, 0.5 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and with the inability to convey personal skills with the UMAT (0.67, 0.52 to 0.86; P = 0.026) were significantly less likely to be offered an interview.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical schools make an enormous effort to undertake a selection process that is fair and equitable and which selects students most appropriate for medical school and the course they provide. Our results indicate that performance in the selection processes can be improved by training. However, if these preparatory activities may be limited to those who can access them, the playing field is not even and increasing equity of access to medical schools will not be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Practice, School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. caroline.laurence@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Caroline O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Laurence
authors.forename: Ian T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Zajac
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorimer
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sumner
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D012570:School Admission Criteria; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D013021:South Australia; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires