title: Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy Cornell product is a feasible predictor of cardiac prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with heart failure development. The Cornell product is an easily measured electrocardiographic parameter for assessing LVH. However, it is undetermined whether the Cornell product can predict the cardiac prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed standard 12-lead electrocardiography and calculated the Cornell product in 432 consecutive CHF patients. LV geometry was assessed as normal, concentric remodeling, concentric or eccentric hypertrophy. The Cornell product was significantly higher in patients with eccentric hypertrophy, and increased with advancing New York Heart Association functional class. During a median follow-up of 660 days, there were 121 cardiac events including 36 cardiac deaths and 85 re-hospitalizations for worsening heart failure. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the Cornell product was an independent predictor of cardiac events in CHF patients. Patients in the highest quartile of Cornell product had a higher prevalence of LV eccentric hypertrophy (22, 29, 33 and 67 % for quartiles one through four). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the highest quartile of Cornell product was associated with the greatest risk among CHF patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Cornell product is associated with LV eccentric hypertrophy and can be used to predict future cardiac events in CHF patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otaki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shinpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narumi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Funayama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arimoto
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shishido
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers