title: Isolation, identification and cyfluthrin-degrading potential of a novel Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain, FLQ-11-1.
abstract: Strain FLQ-11-1, isolated from sewage sludge, was able to degrade cyfluthrin and was identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus based on its morphology, 16S rRNA sequence and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analyses. This strain could use cyfluthrin as its carbon or nitrogen source. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis showed that the optimum conditions for degradation were at pH 7.0 and 35 °C, using an inoculum amount with an OD600nm value of 1.6. Under these conditions, approximately 80.4% of cyfluthrin (50 mgl(-1)) was degraded within five days (d) of incubation. Four metabolic compounds were detected during cyfluthrin degradation and identified as methyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane)-carboxylate, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester, methyl-3-phenoxybenzoate, 3-phenoxy-benzaldehyde by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and tandem mass spectrum (MS/MS) analysis and no cyfluthrin was detected after seven days of incubation. A possible degradation pathway was proposed, and our data showed that cyfluthrin could be efficiently degraded by FLQ-11-1, indicating that this strain could potentially be used to eliminate the contamination of pyrethroid herbicides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
authors.forename: Gui Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China.
authors.forename: Feng Qing
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Bio-Resources Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Liette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vasseur
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China. Electronic address: msyou@iae.fjau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Min Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D001406:Bacillaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012722:Sewage; C052570:cyfluthrin
keywords: Biodegradation; Lysinibacillus sphaericus; Metabolite; Pyrethroid