title: Surgical and endovascular interventions in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a potentially blinding disease and may require surgical management when maximal medical treatment has failed. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current literature on surgical and endovascular treatments for IIH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most commonly performed surgical treatments for IIH are cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures (e.g. ventriculo- and lumbo-peritoneal shunts) and optic nerve sheath fenestration. Controversy still exists about which is the preferred initial surgical treatment for IIH. Emerging procedures include venous sinus stenting in cases with venous sinus stenosis, and bariatric surgery for weight loss. Cranial (suboccipital or subtemporal) decompression was a more popular surgical procedure in the past, but can still have a role in selected cases with impaired cerebrospinal flow dynamics (e.g. Chiari malformation) or after multiple failed conventional surgical procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review compares and contrasts the surgical management options for IIH.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Ophthalmology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas bDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio cDepartments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas dDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa eDepartment of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston fDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston gUT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Arielle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spitze
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D006801:Humans; D011559:Pseudotumor Cerebri / Q000601:surgery*; D015607:Stents