title: Structure and anti-metapneumovirus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis.
abstract: The anti-HMPV (human metapneumovirus) activity was determined for sulfated dl-hybrid galactans obtained from the red seaweed Cryptonemia seminervis and their depolymerized products obtained by reductive partial hydrolysis. Structural studies carried out in three homogeneous depolymerized fractions DS-1, DS-2e and DS-3 (Mw of 51.6-63.8 kDa) showed that these galactans present different chemical characteristics, as monosaccharide composition, content of sulfate groups (14.1-29.9%) and agaran:carrageenan molar ratio diads, 2.7:1 for DS-1 and DS-2e and 1:1 for DS-3. The sulfate groups are located principally on C-2 of β-d-galactopyranose and 4,6-O-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-galactopyranose residues and on C-6 of α-galactose residues. Sulfated dl-galactans and their depolymerized products exhibited antiviral activity at a very early stage of the viral infection cycle. All fractions, except DS-2e inhibited HMPV replication by binding to the viral particle. Besides depolymerized galactans DS-2e and DS-3 inhibited the recognition of cell receptor by HMPV and penetration to the host cell, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Experimental de Drogas Antivirais e Citotóxicas, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Laboratório de Viroses Respiratórias, Entéricas e Oculares, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriella S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Maria E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Franciely G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Colodi
authors.forename: Miguel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Noseda
authors.forename: Luciana G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Siliane D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Berté
authors.forename: Jéssica F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Maria T V
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Romanos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D058105:Polymerization; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005685:Galactans; D013431:Sulfates
keywords: Antiviral activity; Chemical structure; Cryptonemia seminervis; Human metapneumovirus; Partial depolymerization; Sulfated galactans