title: Accelerated wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of physically cross linked polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel containing honey bee venom in diabetic rats.
abstract: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of impaired wound healing. The objective of this study was to develop a bee venom-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing and anti-inflammatory effects to be examined in diabetic rats. Different preparations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (Chit) hydrogel matrix-based wound dressing containing bee venom (BV) were developed using freeze-thawing method. The mechanical properties such as gel fraction, swelling ratio, tensile strength, percentage of elongation and surface pH were determined. The pharmacological activities including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to primary skin irritation and microbial penetration tests were evaluated. Moreover, hydroxyproline, glutathione and IL-6 levels were measured in the wound tissues of diabetic rats. The bee venom-loaded wound dressing composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV was more swellable, flexible and elastic than other formulations. Pharmacologically, the bee venom-loaded wound dressing that has the same previous composition showed accelerated healing of wounds made in diabetic rats compared to the control. Moreover, this bee venom-loaded wound dressing exhibited anti-inflammatory effect that is comparable to that of diclofenac gel, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. Simultaneously, wound tissues covered with this preparation displayed higher hydroxyproline and glutathione levels and lower IL-6 levels compared to control. Thus, the bee venom-loaded hydrogel composed of 10 % PVA, 0.6 % Chit and 4 % BV is a promising wound dressing with excellent forming and enhanced wound healing as well as anti-inflammatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Ihab T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Abdel-Raheem
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001030:Apamin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D020100:Hydrogels; D008297:Male; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020100:Hydrogels; D001030:Apamin; D000496:Alloxan; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D048271:Chitosan