title: Effect of pheniramine maleate on reperfusion injury in brain tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of methylprednisolone (Pn), which is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, and pheniramine maleate (Ph), which is an antihistaminic with some anti-inflammatory effects, on reperfusion injury in brain developing after ischemia of the left lower extremity of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight randomly selected male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 was the control group, Group 2 was the sham group (I/R), Rats in Group 3 were subjected to I/R and given Ph, and rats in Group 4 were subjected to I/R and given Pn. A tourniquet was applied at the level of left groin region of subjects in the I/R group after induction of anesthesia. One h of ischemia was performed with no drug administration. In the Ph group, half of a total dose of 10 mg/kg Ph was administered intraperitoneally before ischemia and the remaining half before reperfusion. In the Pn group, subjects received a single dose of 50 mg/kg Pn intraperitoneally at the 30th min of ischemia. Brains of all subjects were removed after 24 h for examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the prefrontal cortex were significantly lower in the Ph group than in the I/R group (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities were found to be significantly higher in the Ph group than in the I/R group (p<0.05). Histological examination demonstrated that Ph had protective effects against I/R injury developing in the brain tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ph has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury created experimentally in rat brains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Izmir Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yürekli
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gökalp
authors.forename: Müge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiray
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gökalp
authors.forename: Kazım
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ergüneş
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Banu Sarer
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yürekli
authors.forename: Ismail Safa
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Satoğlu
authors.forename: Yüksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beşir
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cakır
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürbüz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010632:Pheniramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D010632:Pheniramine; D008315:Malondialdehyde