title: Multiple service use: the impact of consistency in service quality for vulnerable youth.
abstract: Little is known about the way in which variations in service quality influence outcomes when youth are clients of more than one service system. This article reports on a study of 1,210 adolescents (aged 13-17 years), half were concurrent clients of two or more services and half were not involved in two or more services. Youth completed a self-report questionnaire administered by a trained interviewer. It was hypothesized that youth reporting two positive service experiences would report lower risks, higher resilience, and better outcomes than youth reporting inconsistent or two negative service experiences and that their resilience, risks, and outcomes would be similar to those of youth not involved in two or more services. MANCOVA was used to determine the relationship among service quality and resilience, risk, and outcomes with four covariates that assessed family and neighborhood environments, history of abuse and neglect, and chronic need. Results indicate that service quality had an effect on resilience, risks, and outcomes. These relationships were mediated quite strongly by the influence of the risks youth faced in their neighborhoods and to a lesser extent by the other three covariates. Of the three dependent variables, risk appeared to be the most consistently influenced by all the covariates, and it also differentiated service experience groups. Results point to the importance of services developing strategies to effectively address risks confronted by youth and also to ensure that when more than one service is involved with youth, consistency in service delivery is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Practice Research and Professional Development Hub, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Practice Research and Professional Development Hub, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Munford
authors.affiliation: Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liebenberg
authors.affiliation: Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ungar
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012306:Risk; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
keywords: Outcomes; Positive youth development; Resilience; Risk; Service consistency