title: Cholesterol-enriched diet inhibits cardioprotection by ATP-sensitive K+ channel activators cromakalim and diazoxide.
abstract: It has been previously shown that hyperlipidemia interferes with cardioprotective mechanisms. Here, we investigated the interaction of hyperlipidemia with cardioprotection induced by pharmacological activators of ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channels. Hearts isolated from rats fed a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet or normal diet for 8 wk were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion in the presence or absence of KATP modulators. In normal diet-fed rats, either the nonselective KATP activator cromakalim at 10(-5) M or the selective mitochondrial (mito)KATP opener diazoxide at 3 × 10(-5) M significantly decreased infarct size compared with vehicle-treated control rats. Their cardioprotective effect was abolished by coadministration of the nonselective KATP blocker glibenclamide or the selective mitoKATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate, respectively. However, in cholesterol-fed rats, the cardioprotective effect of cromakalim or diazoxide was not observed. Therefore, we further investigated how cholesterol-enriched diet influences cardiac KATP channels. Cardiac expression of a KATP subunit gene (Kir6.1) was significantly downregulated in cholesterol-fed rats; however, protein levels of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 were not changed. The cholesterol diet significantly decreased cardiac ATP, increased lactate content, and enhanced myocardial oxidative stress, as shown by increased cardiac superoxide and dityrosine formation. This is the first demonstration that cardioprotection by KATP channel activators is impaired in cholesterol-enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia. The background mechanism may include hyperlipidemia-induced attenuation of mitoKATP function by altered energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary;
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Csonka
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kupai
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bencsik
authors.forename: Anikó
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Görbe
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pálóczi
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zvara
authors.forename: László G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Puskás
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Csont
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferdinandy
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019806:Cromakalim / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003652:Decanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006880:Hydroxy Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D003652:Decanoic Acids; D006880:Hydroxy Acids; D054086:KATP Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D019806:Cromakalim; D019344:Lactic Acid; C052853:5-hydroxydecanoic acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003981:Diazoxide; D005905:Glyburide
keywords: ATP-sensitive potassium channel; hyperlipidemia; infarct size; inward rectifier potassium channel; oxidative stress