title: Emergence of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & Lasalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from pupae of Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner, [1809]) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in the laboratory.
abstract: Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner, [1809]) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is an abundant insect pest on crops of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) in Brazil and pupae of this defoliator could be used for the mass rearing of parasitoids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parasitism of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on H. anchisiades capys pupae in the laboratory. Twenty 1-day-old H. anchisiades capys pupae were individualized in test tubes (14 cm length x 2.2 cm diameter) with a drop of honey as food and with ten mated P. elaeisis females for ten days. The duration of the life cycle (egg to adult), emergence rate, total individuals emerged per pupa, sex ratio, size of the body and longevity of P. elaeisis males and females emerged from H. anchisiades capys pupae were evaluated. The duration of the life cycle of P. elaeisis was 21.15 +/- 0.15 days. Forty percent of H. anchisiades capys pupae showed emergence of parasitoids, with an average of 323 +/- 38 individuals from each one and a sex ratio of 0.95 +/- 0.02. The total number of parasitoids emerged was 2,584 individuals. The size of the body and the head capsule (mm) of female and male P. elaeisis progeny were 1.92 +/- 0.04; 0.52 +/- 0.02 and 1.28 +/- 0.04; 0.40 +/- 0.02, respectively. The average longevity was 23.72 +/- 1.15 days for females and 30.1 +/- 2.42 days for males of P. elaeisis. Heraclides anchisiades capys, abundant on crops of Citrus spp. in Brazil, has potential to be used as a host for mass rearing of P. elaeisis in the laboratory for biological control programs.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner de Souza
authors.initials: Wde S
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Marcus Alvarenga
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Olaf Hermann Hendrik
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.forename: Júlio César Melo
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Poderoso
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Serrão
authors.forename: José Cola
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zanuncio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D011679:Pupa / Q000469:parasitology