title: Human immunodeficiency virus: what primary care clinicians need to know.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has evolved from an illness that consistently led to death to a chronic disease that can be medically managed. Primary care clinicians can provide beneficial care to the individual patient and potentially decrease the transmission of HIV to others through appropriate HIV screening and recognition of clinical clues to both chronic and acute HIV. Most patients who take combination antiretroviral therapy experience immune reconstitution and resume normal lives. These patients benefit from the care of an experienced primary care clinician in addition to a clinician with HIV expertise. Primary care clinicians have expertise providing preventive care, including counseling regarding healthier lifestyle choices and managing cardiovascular risk factors, osteoporosis, hypertension, and diabetes, all of which have become increasingly important for individuals with HIV as they age. This article reviews the many important roles of primary care clinicians with regard to the HIV epidemic and care of patients with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: Burgess.Mary@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kasten
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015519:Bone Density; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019468:Disease Management; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D010819:Physician's Role; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; EIA; FDA; Food and Drug Administration; HIV; LFT; PrEP; cART; combination antiretroviral treatment; enzyme immunoassay; human immunodeficiency virus; liver function test; preexposure prophylaxis