title: Differentiating bipolar disorder from unipolar depression and ADHD: the utility of the general behavior inventory.
abstract: Adolescence and early adulthood are the peak ages for the onset of unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. Moreover, for most individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), symptoms and impairment begin in childhood but persist well into adolescence and adulthood (e.g., Barkley, 2010). Thus, adolescence and early adulthood represent a developmental window wherein individuals can be affected by mood disorders, ADHD, or both. Because treatment protocols for unipolar depression (UPD), bipolar disorder (BD), and ADHD are quite different, it is crucial that assessment instruments used among adolescents and young adults differentiate between these disorders. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the predictive and diagnostic validity of General Behavior Inventory (GBI; Depue et al., 1981) scores in discriminating BD from UPD and ADHD. Participants were drawn from adolescent (n = 361) and young adult (n = 614) samples. Based on findings from logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristics analyses, the diagnostic efficiency of the GBI scales range from fair (discriminating UPD from BD) to good (discriminating BD participants from nonclinical controls). Multilevel diagnostic likelihood ratios are also provided to facilitate individual decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological, Organizational, and Leadership Studies in Education, Temple University.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pendergast
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Youngstrom
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University.
authors.forename: Kristen G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Merkitch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University.
authors.forename: Katie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University.
authors.forename: Chelsea L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
authors.forename: Lyn Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Temple University.
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Alloy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult