title: Alcohol and its relationship to offence variables in a cohort of offenders with intellectual disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol use and misuse may be lower in people with intellectual disability (ID) than in the general population but may be related to offending.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol-related crime and history of alcohol use was recorded in 477 participants with ID referred to forensic ID services and related to offending.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Level of alcohol-related crime and history of alcohol misuse was lower than in some previous studies at 5.9% and 20.8%, respectively. History of alcohol abuse was associated with alcohol-related offences and theft. Higher rates of alcohol problem history were associated with histories of a number of offences, psychiatric disturbance in adulthood, psychiatric disturbance in childhood, and experiences of childhood adversity. Most effect sizes were weak or moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The convergence of childhood adversity, psychiatric problems in childhood and adulthood, and alcohol abuse is consistent with studies that have found these as risk markers for offending.
authors.affiliation: Danshell Adult Healthcare , London , UK.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steptoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom