title: Perturbation of polyamine catabolism affects grape ripening of Vitis vinifera cv. Trincadeira.
abstract: Grapes are economically the most important fruit worldwide. However, the complexity of biological events that lead to ripening of nonclimacteric fruits is not fully understood, particularly the role of polyamines' catabolism. The transcriptional and metabolic profilings complemented with biochemical data were studied during ripening of Trincadeira grapes submitted to guazatine treatment, a potent inhibitor of polyamine oxidase activity. The mRNA expression profiles of one time point (EL 38) corresponding to harvest stage was compared between mock and guazatine treatments using Affymetrix GrapeGen(®) genome array. A total of 2113 probesets (1880 unigenes) were differentially expressed between these samples. Quantitative RT-PCR validated microarrays results being carried out for EL 35 (véraison berries), EL 36 (ripe berries) and EL 38 (harvest stage berries). Metabolic profiling using HPLC and (1)H NMR spectroscopy showed increase of putrescine, proline, threonine and 1-O-ethyl-β-glucoside in guazatine treated samples. Genes involved in amino acid, carbohydrate and water transport were down-regulated in guazatine treated samples suggesting that the strong dehydrated phenotype obtained in guazatine treated samples may be due to impaired transport mechanisms. Genes involved in terpenes' metabolism were differentially expressed between guazatine and mock treated samples. Altogether, results support an important role of polyamine catabolism in grape ripening namely in cell expansion and aroma development.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: p.agudeloromero@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agudelo-Romero
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: kashifali.81@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: y.choi@chem.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Young H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Operational Research, CEAUL, FCUL, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: lmsousa@fc.ul.pt.
authors.forename: Lisete
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: verpoort@chem.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verpoorte
authors.affiliation: University of Barcelona, Pharmacy Faculty, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: afernandez@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Antonio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Tiburcio
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: amfortes@fc.ul.pt.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fortes
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017931:DNA Primers; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D011073:Polyamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: ABA; ADC; Abscisic acid; Arg; Arginine; Arginine decarboxylase; Bound polyamine content; Conjugated polyamine content; Copper amine oxidase; DAO; Diamine oxidase; Free polyamine content; Gene expression; Grape ripening; Orn; Ornithine; PAO; PAs; PH; Polyamine catabolism; Polyamine oxidase; Polyamines; Put; Putrescine; S; SAM decarboxylase; SAMDC; SH; SPDS; SPMS; Spd; Spd synthase; Spermidine; Spermine; Spm; Spm synthase; Vitis vinifera; dcSAM; decarboxylated S-adenosyl methionine