title: Hexabromocyclododecanes in crucian carp and sediment from the major rivers in Korea.
abstract: The concentration of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) was measured in crucian carp muscles and eggs and in surrounding sediments collected from the 3 major rivers in Korea. HBCDs were detected in all carp and sediment samples, indicating widespread contamination of this area by HBCD flame retardants. The ∑HBCD (sum of α-, β-, and γ-HBCDs) concentrations ranged from 0.19 to 13 ng g(-1)dry wt in sediments, 1.7 to 7.2 ng g(-1)lipid wt in carp eggs, and 4.8 to 6.6 ng g(-1)lipid wt in the muscle of carp. The α-diastereomer predominated in the crucian carp and γ-diastereomer predominated in sediments, accounting for 76% and 77% to the ∑HBCD, respectively. The ∑HBCD concentrations in carp and sediment samples collected along the rivers were higher than those in samples collected from an isolated pond, suggesting that the rivers are likely contaminated by HBCDs from the upstream or the environment surrounding the rivers. The diastereomer ratios in carp were different from those in commercial mixtures due to the enrichment of α-diastereomer in carp. The origin of this transition, however, is yet not known, since various transformation processes can lead to a change from the diastereomer ratio in commercial mixtures to that observed in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ghjeong@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gi Ho
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Hye
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Cheun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junheon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D056910:Republic of Korea; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane
keywords: Brominated flame retardant; Crucian carp; Freshwater fish; Hexabromocyclododecane; Sediment