title: Single balloon enteroscopy for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejuno anastomosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate single balloon enteroscopy in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunoanastomosis (HJA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place from January 2009 to December 2011 and we retrospectively assessed 15 patients with Roux-en-Y HJA who had signs of biliary obstruction. In total, 23 ERC procedures were performed in these patients and a single balloon videoenteroscope (Olympus SIF Q 180) was used in all of the cases. A transparent overtube was drawn over the videoenteroscope and it freely moved on the working part of the enteroscope. Its distal end was equipped with a silicone balloon that was inflated by air from an external pump at a pressure of ≤ 5.4 kPa. The technical limitations or rather the parameters of the single balloon enteroscope (working length - 200 cm, diameter of the working channel - 2.8 mm, absence of Albarran bridge) showed the need for special endoscopic instrumentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cannulation success was reached in diagnostic ERC in 12 of 15 patients. ERC findings were normal in 1 of 12 patients. ERC in the remaining 11 patients showed some pathological changes. One of these (cystic bile duct dilation) was subsequently resolved surgically. Endoscopic treatment was initialized in the remaining 10 patients (5 with HJA stenosis, 2 with choledocholithiasis, and 3 with both). This treatment was successful in 9 of 10 patients. The endoscopic therapeutic procedures included: balloon dilatation of HJA stenosis - 11 times (7 patients); choledocholitiasis extraction - five times (5 patients); biliary plastic stent placement - six times (4 patients); and removal of biliary stents placed by us - six times (4 patients). The mean time of performing a single ERC was 72 min. The longest procedure took 110 min and the shortest took 34 min. This shows that it is necessary to allow for more time in individual procedures. Furthermore, these procedures require the presence of an anesthesiologist. We did not observe any complications in these 15 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is more demanding than standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography due to altered postsurgical anatomy. However, it is effective, safe, and widens the possibilities of resolving biliary pathology.
authors.affiliation: Bohuslav Kianička, 2 Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Bohuslav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kianička
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lata
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Novotný
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dítě
authors.forename: Jiří
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaníček
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y / Q000009:adverse effects; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020878:Device Removal; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007582:Jejunostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Endoscopic diagnosis; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography; Endoscopic treatment; Roux-Y hepaticojejunoanastomosis; Single balloon enteroscopy