title: Safety of dietary conjugated α-linolenic acid (CLNA) in a neonatal pig model.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to perform a short-term safety evaluation of dietary mono-conjugated α-linolenic acid isomers (CLNA; c9-t11-c15-18:3+c9-t13-c15-18:3) using a neonatal pig model. CLNA diet was compared with three other dietary fats: (1) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; c9-t11-18:2+t10-c12-18:2), (2) non-conjugated n-3 PUFA and (3) n-6 PUFA. Thirty-two piglets weaned at 3 weeks of age were distributed into four dietary groups. Diets were isoenergetic and food intake was controlled by a gastric tube. Mono-CLNA diet did not significantly change body or organ weight, carcass composition and most biochemical parameters including; glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hepatic enzymes and electrolytes levels in blood (P⩾0.09). Conversely, the n-3 PUFA composition of the brain, liver and heart decreased by 6-21% in the CLNA-fed group compared to animals fed nonconjugated n-3 PUFA (P<0.01). Responses to dietary treatments were tissue-specific, with the liver and the brain being the most deprived in n-3 PUFA. Our results support that short-term intake of mono-CLNA is safe in neonatal pigs but n-3 PUFA reduction in tissues deserves to be further investigated before using long-term nutritional supplementation in pigs and other animal models and before moving to clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Departments Physiology and Biophysics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. Electronic address: Alexandre.Castellano@USherbrooke.ca.
authors.forename: Christian-Alexandre
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plourde
authors.affiliation: Naturia Inc., Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandie I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Agri-Food Sciences, Université Laval, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angers
authors.affiliation: Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.affiliation: Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: J Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Matte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: 4,4-dimethyloxazoline; 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione; ALP; ALT; AST; BUN; Blood biochemical parameters; CK; CLA; CLNA; Conjugated linolenic acid; DMOX; FAME; GC-FID; GC–MS; GGT; Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; LDH; MTAD; MUFA; PUFA; Pig; SFA; Safety; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; blood urea nitrogen; conjugated linoleic acid; conjugated α-linolenic acid; creatine kinase; fatty acid methyl ester; gamma-glutamyltransferase; lactate deshydrogenase; monounsaturated fatty acid; n-3 Fatty acid; phosphatase alkaline; polyunsaturated fatty acid; saturated fatty acid