title: Trichoderma virens PDR-28: a heavy metal-tolerant and plant growth-promoting fungus for remediation and bioenergy crop production on mine tailing soil.
abstract: A heavy metal-tolerant fungus, Trichoderma virens PDR-28, was isolated from rhizosphere soil and evaluated for use in remediating mine tailing soil and for plant biomass production. PDR-28 exhibited plant growth-promoting traits, including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, acid phosphatase and phytase activity, siderophore production, and P solubilization. HMs were more available in mine tailing soil inoculated soil with PDR-28 than in uninoculated soil; the order of HM bioleaching was Cd > As > Zn > Pb > Cu. PDR-28 effectively removed HMs in the order of Pb > Cd > As > Zn > Cu from liquid media containing 100 mg HM L(-1). Inoculating HM-contaminated mine tailing soil with the fungus significantly increased the dry biomass of maize roots (64%) and shoots (56%). Chlorophyll, total soluble sugars (reducible and nonreducible), starch, and protein contents increased by 46%, 28%, 30%, and 29%, respectively, compared to plants grown in uninoculated soil. Inoculation increased heavy metal concentrations in maize roots by 25% (Cu) to 62% (Cd) and in shoots by 35% (Cu) to 64% (Pb) compared to uninoculated plants. Results suggest that PDR-28 would be beneficial for phytostabilization and plant biomass production as a potential source of biofuel in the quest for renewable energy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: anamgiri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A Giridhar
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keuk-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0817, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shea
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: btoh@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byung-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D056910:Republic of Korea; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ACC; Bioenergy; Bioleaching; EC; HM; IAA; Indole acetic acid; MIC; Mine; Phytoremediation; Phytostabilization; Trichoderma; electric conductivity; heavy metal; minimal inhibitory concentration