title: Effect of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle precursor cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.
authors.affiliation: University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Science, Izola, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jurdana
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cemazar
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pegan
authors.forename: Tomaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mars
keywords: apoptosis; interleukin 6; irradiation; muscle regeneration; myoblasts; proliferation