title: Implication of low HDL-c levels in patients with average LDL-c levels: a focus on oxidized LDL, large HDL subpopulation, and adiponectin.
abstract: To evaluate the impact of low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) on patients with LDL-c average levels, focusing on oxidative, lipidic, and inflammatory profiles. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors (n = 169) and control subjects (n = 73) were divided into 2 subgroups, one of normal HDL-c and the other of low HDL-c levels. The following data was analyzed: BP, BMI, waist circumference and serum glucose Total-c, TGs, LDL-c, oxidized LDL, total HDL-c and subpopulations (small, intermediate, and large), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, hsCRP, uric acid, TNF- α , adiponectin, VEGF, and iCAM1. In the control subgroup with low HDL-c levels, significantly higher values of BP and TGs and lower values of PON1 activity and adiponectin were found, versus control normal HDL-c subgroup. However, differences in patients' subgroups were clearly more pronounced. Indeed, low HDL-c subgroup presented increased HbA1c, TGs, non-HDL-c, Ox-LDL, hsCRP, VEGF, and small HDL-c and reduced adiponectin and large HDL. In addition, Ox-LDL, large-HDL-c, and adiponectin presented interesting correlations with classical and nonclassical markers, mainly in the normal HDL-c patients' subgroup. In conclusion, despite LDL-c average levels, low HDL-c concentrations seem to be associated with a poor cardiometabolic profile in a population with cardiovascular risk factors, which is better evidenced by traditional and nontraditional CV biomarkers, including Ox-LDL, large HDL-c, and adiponectin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Pólo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas-Melo
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sereno
authors.forename: Edite
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Lemos
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marado
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palavra
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Petronila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocha-Pereira
authors.forename: Frederico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014527:Uric Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D010100:Oxygen