title: Association between socioeconomic factors and sleep quality in an urban population-based sample in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Good sleep quality is essential for recovery. The risk factors of sleep disorders have been extensively investigated, but there is sparse information on the association of socioeconomic factors with a person's sleep quality. The aim of the present analysis is to investigate this association, taking particularly the effect of health confounders into consideration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were extracted from the cross-sectional QUEBEB Study. In total, the study sample consisted of 3281 participants (1817 women and 1464 men, aged 16-72 years). Here socioeconomic status (SES) was collected from the baseline survey taken in 2004. Sleep quality for the same participants was measured with in-depth personal interviews in 2006 using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, together with other relevant characteristics (e.g. anxiety, depression and health status). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  People living in an urban environment with a high or medium SES have a greater probability of good sleep quality (odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.27-2.14; odds ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.69) than persons with a low SES. Anxiety and depression, but also health status, are also associated with sleep quality and can influence in part the socioeconomic levels seen in sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SES and sleep quality are associated. However, there are important additional determinants that influence the level of association between SES and sleep quality. Several factors, such as anxiety, depression and health status, are associated with poorer sleep quality, but at the same time, these factors occur more often within lower social classes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Association of Dermatological Prevention, Hamburg, Germany anders@unserehaut.de markus_anders@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Markus P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breckenkamp
authors.affiliation: 3 Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blettner
authors.affiliation: 4 Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schlehofer
authors.affiliation: 5 Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berg-Beckhoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population