title: Visceral disease in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Metastatic involvement of the viscera in men with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has been poorly characterised to date. In 359 CRPC patients treated between June 2003 and December 2011, the frequency of radiologically detected visceral metastases before death was 32%. Of the 92 patients with computed tomography performed within 3 mo of death, 49% had visceral metastases. Visceral metastases most commonly involved the liver (20%) and lung (13%). Median survival from diagnosis of visceral disease was 7.1 mo (95% confidence interval, 5.9-8.3). Survival was affected by the degree of bone involvement at detection of visceral disease, varying from 6.1 mo in men with more than six bone metastases to 18.2 mo in men with no bone metastases (p=0.001). Heterogeneity was noted in clinical phenotypes and prostate-specific antigen trends at development of visceral metastases. Visceral metastases are now more commonly detected in men with CRPC, likely due to the introduction of novel survival-prolonging treatments.
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pezaro
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omlin
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorente
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: D Nava
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferraldeschi
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukherji
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riisnaes
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altavilla
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tunariu
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Bono
authors.affiliation: Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group and Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Attard
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen