title: Adenovirus and Norovirus Contaminants in Commercially Distributed Shellfish.
abstract: Shellfish complying with European Regulations based on quantification of fecal bacterial indicators (FIB) are introduced into markets; however, information on viruses, more stable than FIB, is not available in the literature. To assess the presence of noroviruses (NoVs) GI and GII and human adenoviruses (HAdV) in domestic and imported mussels and clams (n = 151) their presence was analyzed during winter seasons (2004-2008) in north-west Spanish markets through a routine surveillance system. All samples tested negative for NoV GI and 13 % were positive for NoV GII. The role of HAdV as viral indicator was evaluated in 20 negative and 10 positive NoV GII samples showing an estimated sensitivity and specificity of HAdV to predict the presence of NoV GII of 100 and 74 % (cut-off 0.5). The levels of HAdV and NoVs and the efficiency of decontamination in shellfish depuration plants (SDP) were evaluated analyzing pre- and post-depurated mussels collected in May-June 2010 from three different SDP. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence and quantification of HAdV between pre- and post-depurated shellfish and between seawater entering and leaving the depuration systems. Moreover, infectious HAdV were detected in depurated mussels. These results confirm previous studies showing that current controls and depuration treatments limiting the number of FIB do not guarantee the absence of viruses in shellfish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Manzano
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ayalkibet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hundesa
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Byron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calgua
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carratala
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maluquer de Motes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusiñol
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Virology, Microbiology, Inmunology and Parasitology, CCB, Federal Santa Catarina University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Virology, Microbiology, Inmunology and Parasitology, CCB, Federal Santa Catarina University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Marca
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Virology, Microbiology, Inmunology and Parasitology, CCB, Federal Santa Catarina University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celia Regina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Monte Barardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. rgirones@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Rosina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Girones
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Ave., 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sílvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bofill-Mas
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000821:virology*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons; D012758:Shellfish / Q000191:economics / Q000821:virology*; D013030:Spain
keywords: Depuration systems; Food safety; Food-borne; Human adenovirus; Norovirus; Shellfish