title: Effects of dietary katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) on growth, non-specific immune and diseases resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in grouper Epinephelus coioides.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) on growth, non-specific immune and diseases resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Grouper juveniles (mean weight 10.97 ± 1.99 g, and length 9.67 ± 0.33 cm) were separated into four groups and cultivated in 100-L tank. Each group was fed with diets containing 0, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg herbs diet twice daily. Fish were sampled for non-specific immune parameters at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 30 days. Results showed that fish received S. androgynus at 1.0 and 2.5 g/kg diets affected the growth and non-specific immune responses. Weight gain, specific growth rate, respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species significantly increased in fish administered with 1.0 and 2.5 g/kg S. androgynus diets. The mortality rate after V. alginolyticus challenge decreased in fish fed with 1.0 g/kg S. androgynus extract. Thus, this study indicated that administration of grouper with S. androgynus supplemented diets can affect the growth performances, diseases resistance and enhances non-specific immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Agus Putra A
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Samad
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Urip
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Meng-Chou
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: fhnan@mail.ntou.edu.twe.
authors.forename: Fan-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nan
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000276:immunology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Epinephelus coioides; Plant extract; Respiratory burst activity; Sauropus androgynus; Vibrio alginolyticus