title: A laparoscopic approach to CBD stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : This study aimed to evaluate single-stage surgical (laparoscopic or open) approach to the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones, as treatment of choice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively collected data to assess outcomes of CBD clearance, morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay, and compared with published data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful clearance of CBD stones was achieved in 96% cases, laparoscopic exploration successful in 83%. Retained stones were found in 4% cases and another 5% developed postoperative complications. Common length of stay in hospital was 2 days, although mean stay was 4 days. Seventy-three percent of cases were elective, 27% were emergencies. Conversion rate to open surgery was 14%, which was mainly in emergency cases. Postoperative mortality was 1.2%, not directly related to the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good outcomes can be achieved, comparing favorably with those of other modalities, when laparoscopic bile duct exploration is chosen as treatment for CBD stones; the best results can be anticipated in elective patients.
authors.affiliation: *Department of General Surgery, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth †Department of General Surgery, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Zubair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khanzada
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D061887:Conversion to Open Surgery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome