title: Cranial nerve assessment: a concise guide to clinical examination.
abstract: Examination of the cranial nerves is an integral and important part of a complete neurological examination. Historically, these skills were crucial for diagnosing specific lesions. With the development of modern imaging modalities, the significance of clinical examination techniques has perhaps been undermined. The authors present an overview of each cranial nerve with a concise summary of examination techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Omprakash
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Damodaran
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*
keywords: cranial nerves; examination; neurological