title: Use of partial venovenous cardiopulmonary bypass in percutaneous hepatic perfusion for patients with diffuse, isolated liver metastases: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffuse isolated liver metastases are the dominant mode of tumor progression in a number of cancers and present a major treatment challenge for oncologists. An experimental treatment, percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP), utilizes partial venovenous cardiopulmonary bypass to allow administration of high-dose chemotherapy directly and solely to the liver with filtration of chemotherapeutic agents from the blood prior to its return to the systemic circulation, thereby minimizing toxic systemic effects. The following case series describes the management of 5 patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing serial PHPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center experience from a national multi-center random-assignment trial comparing PHP to best alternative care (BAC) in patients with diffuse melanoma liver metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with metastatic melanoma to the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients underwent a total of fifteen PHPs using a venovenous bypass circuit with hemofiltration, receiving hepatic intra-arterial melphalan, 3 mg/kg of ideal body weight, for 30 minutes with a total of 60 minutes of hemofiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients tolerated the procedure well with transient hemodynamic and metabolic changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with diffuse isolated liver metastases, PHP is a safe and well-tolerated procedure that can be performed more than once and is associated with marked anti-tumor activity in some patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Richard Alexander
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Seema P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Deshpande
authors.affiliation: Clinical Quality Management, Clinical Services, and Clinical Anesthesia Services, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Martz
authors.affiliation: Division of Perioperative Services, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: agrigore@anes.umm.edu.
authors.forename: Alina M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grigore
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006801:Humans; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D008558:Melphalan
keywords: liver metastases; percutaneous hepatic perfusion; venovenous cardiopulmonary bypass