title: An individualized contrast material injection protocol with respect to patient-related factors for dual-source CT coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize contrast media (CM) injection protocols by individually tailoring the dose to the patient's body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and heart rate (HR) at dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography (DSCT-CA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 423 patients were prospectively enrolled and were randomly assigned to four groups. The control group received 80 ml CM at 5 ml/s. For the HR-optimized group, the injection duration was the same as the scan duration plus 8 s. In the Body-optimized group, the dose of CM was tailored to BW and BMI. In the HR + Body-optimized group, CM protocols tailored to body size and scan duration were applied. Individual variability of arterial attenuation and incidence of arterial over-opacification (attenuation >500 HU) in the four groups were compared. Correlations between BW, BMI, HR, and arterial attenuations were evaluated in the four groups, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduced individual variability of arterial attenuation and a significantly lower incidence of arterial over-opacification were found in the Body-optimized group and HR + Body-optimized group. Arterial attenuation was inversely correlated with BW, BMI, and HR in the control group, inversely correlated with BW and BMI in the HR-optimized group, and inversely correlated with HR in the Body-optimized group. In the HR + Body-optimized group, arterial attenuation was not significantly correlated with BW, BMI, or HR respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CM protocols individually tailored to BW, BMI, and HR can lead to reduced individual variability and a lower incidence of over-opacification of arterial attenuation, but also can reduce the influence of BW, BMI, and HR on arterial attenuations at DSCT-CA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Image Science & Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: Lijun.tang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: aleenxu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007472:Iohexol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide