title: Fecal metabonomic study of a polysaccharide, MDG-1 from Ophiopogon japonicus on diabetic mice based on gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC TOF/MS).
abstract: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with systemic complications and has been a worldwide epidemic. Ophiopogon japonicus is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat diabetes for thousands of years. From our previous work, we know that MDG-1, a water-soluble β-D-fructan polysaccharide from O. japonicas could treat T2DM experimentally. However, MDG-1 is poorly absorbed and its mechanism of action is still unknown. Therefore, a GC TOF/MS-based metabonomic approach in combination with multivariate statistical analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of MDG-1 in a spontaneous diabetic model. Female diabetic KKay mice (21 weeks old) were randomly divided into a diabetic group (n = 6, gavaged with distilled water) and a MDG-1-Diabetic group (n = 7, gavaged with MDG-1, 300 mg kg(-1)) and female C57BL/6 mice (21 weeks old) were set as controls (n = 6, gavaged with distilled water). After 8-weeks of treatment, feces samples were collected for GC-TOF/MS analysis. Consequently, 12 potential biomarkers were identified, including monosugars (D-tagatose, D-lyxose, D-erythrose, xylo-hexos-5-ulose, 2-deoxy-galactose), butanedioic acid, amino acids (phenylalanine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-aspartic acid) and purine derivatives (7H-purine, 2'-deoxyinosine). We assume the monosugars and butanedioic acid were the fermentation products of MDG-1 by intestinal microbes and MDG-1 actions against diabetes might be accomplished through the absorbable monosugars and butanedioic acid via suppressing intestinal glucose absorption, enhancing liver glycogenesis, inhibiting glycogenolysis and promoting GLP-1 secretion. Besides, MDG-1 might alleviate diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by reducing 7H-purine and 2'-deoxyinosine. Further omics-driven studies including genomics, proteomics and metabonomics were considered to be carried out to provide direct evidence of gut microbiome contribution to MDG-1 actions.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China. wendycong@126.com fyi@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lingyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kefeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064307:Microbiota; D031441:Ophiopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056692:Prebiotics; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; D011687:Purines; C517472:polysaccharide MDG-1; D019802:Succinic Acid; C030985:purine