title: Community-based distribution of misoprostol to prevent postpartum haemorrhage at home births: results from operations research in rural Ghana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on a rigorous distribution and monitoring plan to track misoprostol for community-based distribution to reduce postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in rural Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operations research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rural Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women in third trimester of pregnancy presenting to primary health centres (PHCs) for antenatal care (ANC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ghana Health Service (GHS), Millennium Village Projects, and the University of Illinois at Chicago conducted an operations research study designed to assess the safety, feasibility, and acceptability of community-based distribution of misoprostol to prevent PPH at home deliveries in rural Ghana. One thousand doses (3000 tablets, 200 μg each) were obtained from the Family Health Division of GHS. Three 200-μg tablets of misoprostol (600 μg) in foil packets were packaged together in secured transparent plastic packets labelled with pictorial messages and distributed to midwives at seven PHCs for distribution to pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correct use of misoprostol in home deliveries and retrieval of unused misoprostol doses, PPH rates and maternal mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 999 doses distributed to midwives, 982 (98.3%) were successfully tracked, with a 1.7% lost to follow-up rate. Midwives distributed 654 doses to women at third-trimester ANC visits. Of women who had misoprostol to use at home, 81% had an institutional delivery and were able to return the misoprostol safely to the midwife. Of the women that used misoprostol, 99% used the misoprostol correctly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clearly demonstrates that misoprostol distributed antenatally to pregnant women can be used accurately and reliably by rural Ghanaian women, and should be considered for policy implementation across Ghana and other countries with high home birth rates and maternal mortality ratios.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carnahan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akosah
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asare
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agyemang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kapungu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Owusu-Ansah
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mensah-Homiah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009874:Operations Research; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D012423:Rural Health; D012646:Self Administration; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol
keywords: Ghana; maternal mortality; misoprostol; postpartum hemorrhage