title: Depression in palliative care patients: a survey of assessment and treatment practices of Australian and New Zealand palliative care specialists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the practices of members of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine (ANZSPM) in assessing and treating depression in palliative care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured questionnaires were forwarded to ANZSPM members in consecutive mail-outs to survey diagnostic and treatment practices for depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 62.3%. The median prevalence of depression, as perceived by respondents, in the present respondent patient populations was 20% (range 0%-90%); 57.1% of respondents always assessed for depression, whereas 42.9% assessed for depression sometimes. The majority (98.9%) of respondents relied on clinical interviews to assess depression; non-somatic symptoms of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria were more useful than somatic symptoms. The depression screening tools most frequently used were one- and two-item questions. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods were used to treat depression, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors the most frequently prescribed medications. Psycho-educational and supportive counselling were the most frequently used non-pharmacological interventions. Nominated measures to augment depression management included improving access to psychiatry, psychology and other allied health services, the development of a screening tool specific to palliative care patients and associated guidelines for depression management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first Australasian study to explore the practice of medical practitioners regarding depression in palliative patients. Incorporation of screening tool questions into palliative care assessment interviews may warrant future research. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC? Depression in palliative care patients has a negative impact on quality of life; however, little is known about how Australasian palliative care medical practitioners manage depression in this patient population. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD? To the researchers' knowledge, this is the first Australasian study that explores the practices of local palliative care specialists in the management of depression in palliative patients. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTITIONERS? Overall management of depression in palliative care populations by Australasian practitioners is similar to that of their European colleagues. Consensus is that for assessment of depression in palliative patients, non-somatic symptoms of DSM-IV criteria are more useful than somatic symptoms. Practitioners report the need for improved access to psychiatric, psychological and other support services, for a palliative care-specific depression screening tool and for depression management guidelines applicable to palliative care patients.
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Unit, Rockhampton Hospital, 2-80 Canning St, Rockhampton, Qld 4700, Australia. Email:
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porche
authors.affiliation: Brisbane South Palliative Care Collaborative, Griffith University School of Medicine, Metro South Palliative Care Service, Metro South Health, Queensland Health, PO Box 4069, Eight Mile Plains, Qld 4113, Australia. Email:
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reymond
authors.affiliation: Consultancy and Liaison Psychiatry, Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health, Queensland Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia. Email:
authors.forename: John O'
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology A18, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology*