title: Topoisomerase I inhibitors, shikonin and topotecan, inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of glioma cells and glioma stem cells.
abstract: Gliomas, the most malignant form of brain tumors, contain a small subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are implicated in therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Topoisomerase I inhibitors, shikonin and topotecan, play a crucial role in anti-cancer therapies. After isolated and identified the GSCs from glioma cells successfully, U251, U87, GSCs-U251 and GSCs-U87 cells were administrated with various concentrations of shikonin or topotecan at different time points to seek for the optimal administration concentration and time point. The cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometer to observe the inhibitory effects on glioma cells and GSCs. We demonstrated that shikonin and topotecan obviously inhibited proliferation of not only human glioma cells but also GSCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. According to the IC50 values at 24 h, 2 μmol/L of shikonin and 3 μmol/L of topotecan were selected as the optimal administration concentration. In addition, shikonin and topotecan induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and S phases and promoted apoptosis. The down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression with the activation of caspase 9/3-dependent pathway was involved in the apoptosis process. Therefore, the above results showed that topoisomerase I inhibitors, shikonin and topotecan, inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of GSCs as well as glioma cells, which suggested that they might be the potential anticancer agents targeting gliomas to provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng-Lei
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Bai
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019772:Topotecan / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009285:Naphthoquinones; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; C016101:shikonin; D019772:Topotecan; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9