title: Temporal evolution of event-related desynchronization in acute stroke: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of event-related desynchronization (ERD) may assist in predicting recovery from stroke and rehabilitation, for instance in BCI applications. Here, we explore the temporal evolution of ERD during stroke recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten stroke patients and eleven healthy controls were recruited to participate in a hand movement task while EEG was being recorded. Four measurements were conducted in eight patients within four months. We quantified changes of ERD using a modulation strength measure, S(m), which represents an area and amplitude of ERD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  7/8 patients showed good recovery. Absence-or-reduction of ipsilesional modulation was initially found in stroke patients but not in the healthy controls. In the patient group, two evolutions were found in 6/8 patients: a significant increase in ipsilesional S(m); and a decreasing trend in contralesional S(m). In the only non-recovery patient, absence of ipsilesional modulation was observed, while his contralesional S(m) increased with time after stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two evolutions presumably reflect the reorganization of brain networks and functional recovery after acute stroke. The significant increase of ipsilesional S(m) in patients with a good recovery suggests an important role of this hemisphere during recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved understanding of ERD in acute stroke may assist in prognostication and rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Neural Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.tangwiriyasakul@utwente.nl.
authors.forename: Chayanin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tangwiriyasakul
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.affiliation: Neural Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim L C
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michel J A M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Putten
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D002138:Calibration; D058407:Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D010865:Pilot Projects; D059227:Postsynaptic Potential Summation; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: ERD; Plasticity; Stroke recovery