title: Mitigation of starch-induced postprandial glycemic spikes in rats by antioxidants-rich extract of Cicer arietinum Linn. seeds and sprouts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of highly processed calories dense diet leads abrupt increase in postprandial blood glucose level, which in turn induces immediate oxidative stress. Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) and resultant oxidative stress is one of the earliest detectable abnormalities in diabetes prone individuals, independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular disorders (CVD), a major pathophysiological link between diabetes and CVD and an important contributing factor in atherogenesis even in non-diabetic individuals. Therefore, dietary supplements mitigating PPHG spikes along with potent antioxidant activities may help decrease development of PPHG and oxidative stress induced pathogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study evaluated free radicals scavenging, antioxidant properties and intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in methanol extract of two varieties of Cicer arietinum Linn viz. Bengal gram and Kabuli chana and green gram (Vigna radiata Linn. Wilczek) raw grains and their sprouts and studied their influence on starch-induced postprandial glycemic excursion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy grains were procured from local markets. Free radicals scavenging antioxidant and glucose-induced hemoglobin (Hb)-glycation inhibition activities were analyzed using standard in vitro procedures. In vitro antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated by assessing rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Influence on starch-induced postprandial glycemic excursion in rats was studied by pre-treatment of rats with extracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with raw seeds increase in total polyphenol and flavonoids concentration in green gram sprouts and Kabuli chana sprouts (KCs) were observed. Total protein concentrations in sprouts did not differ from non-sprouted grains. 2,2'- Azinobis (3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) cation scavenging activity was more than twice in Bengal gram sprouts of (BGs) and KCs than their raw seeds. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, nitro blue tetrazolium reducing and glucose-induced Hb-glycation inhibitory activity did not differ from non-sprouted raw grains. Increase in rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was observed in BGs and KCs. BGs significantly mitigated 1(st) 30 min starch-induced postprandial glycemic excursions and reduced 2 h postprandial glycemic load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sprouting leads dynamic changes in free radicals scavenging potentials and antioxidant activities in grains. Consumption of seeds as well as BGs before the starch-rich meal can significantly mitigate 1(st) 30 min postprandial glycemic excursion and reduce 2 h postprandial glycemic burden.
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: Chinthapatla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sahana
authors.forename: Amtul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zehra
authors.forename: Kuncha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madhusudana
authors.forename: Domati Anand
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sachin Bharat
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Agawane
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Bengal gram sprouts; oxidative stress; postprandial glycemic excursion; postprandial hyperglycemia