title: [Stenting of subtotal conclusion of internal carotid artery and comparing the cerebral embolic load of proximal balloon protection device with distal filter protection device].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the safety, efficacy and perioperative complications of endovascular therapy in the treatment of subtotal conclusion of internal carotid artery(ICA) in patients. To compare the cerebral embolic load of proximal balloon protection device versus distal filter protection device during the operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review all the operations of stenting for subtotal conclusion of ICA in Xuanwu hospital. New cerebral infarction after stenting was assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Count the number of new ischemic lesions of every patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 patients with subtotal conclusion of ICA received endovascular stenting. Proximal protective device was used for 21 patients. Distal protective device was used for 14 patients. All procedures succeeded. 32 patients received the cerebral MRI 1 week before and within 48 hours after the operation. Compared with filter protection(n = 14), proximal balloon device(n = 18) resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of new cerebral infarction (6/18 vs 10/14, P = 0.03). The number of new cerebral ischemic lesions were significant reduced by proximal balloon device (1/18 vs 4/14, P = 0.0006) . There were no serious cardiovascular events in 35 patients during the operation and the following up 3 months. 3 patients had restenosis which was demonstrated by ultrasound of ICA at 3 months after stenting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular stenting may be a safe and valid method for the treatment of subtotal occlusion of ICA. For the stenting of subtotal occlusion of ICA, proximal balloon protection device as compared with filter protection may reduce the embolic load to the brain more effectively. The stenting of subtotal occlusion of ICA still needs the randomized trails to confirm the safety and validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Qing-wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xun-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Shen-mao
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng-shui
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan-fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Li-qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome