title: Substantial roles of hexokinase and fructokinase in the effects of sugars on plant physiology and development.
abstract: The basic requirements for plant growth are light, CO2, water, and minerals. However, the absorption and utilization of each of these requires investment on the part of the plant. The primary products of plants are sugars, and the hexose sugars glucose and fructose are the raw material for most of the metabolic pathways and organic matter in plants. To be metabolized, hexose sugars must first be phosphorylated. Only two families of enzymes capable of catalysing the essential irreversible phosphorylation of glucose and fructose have been identified in plants, hexokinases (HXKs) and fructokinases (FRKs). These hexose-phosphorylating enzymes appear to coordinate sugar production with the abilities to absorb light, CO2, water, and minerals. This review describes the long- and short-term effects mediated by HXK and FRK in various tissues, as well as the role of these enzymes in the coordination of sugar production with the absorption of light, CO2, water, and minerals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Granot
authors.forename: Gilor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Rakefet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: David-Schwartz
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005631:Fructokinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006601:Hexoses / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D063245:Plant Development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006601:Hexoses; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005631:Fructokinases; D006593:Hexokinase; C046173:fructokinase
keywords: Fructokinase; guard cells; hexokinase; hexose phosphorylation; minerals; photosynthesis; stomata; sugar; transpiration; water.