title: The synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via STAT-3.
abstract: Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although essential for successful recovery, myocardium reperfusion is associated with reperfusion injury. Two major cell survival signaling cascades are known to be protective against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury: the reperfusion injury salvage kinase, including Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and the downstream target GSK-3β, and the survivor activating factor enhancement, which involves STAT-3. Pharmacologic inhibition of factor Xa has been shown to attenuate I/R injury, but the cellular mechanism is poorly understood. Our aim was to determine the role of whole blood in fondaparinux (FDX)-induced cardioprotection and the involvement of reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survivor activating factor enhancement pathways. We investigated FDX ability to prevent in vivo I/R injury using a transient coronary ligation rat model and ex vivo using a model of crystalloid-perfused isolated rat heart. In both models, infarct size was assessed after 120 min of reperfusion. Myocardial tissues were collected after 15 and 30 min of reperfusion for Western blot analysis. In vivo, FDX decreased infarct size by 29% and induced significant STAT-3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation in comparison to controls. Adding AG490, an inhibitor of JAK/STAT pathway, before I/R, prevented STAT-3 phosphorylation and abolished FDX-induced cardioprotection. On the contrary, FDX did not have an effect on infarct size or hemodynamic parameters in the isolated-heart model. Fondaparinux decreased I/R injury in vivo, but not in a crystalloid-perfused isolated heart. Under our experimental conditions, FDX required whole blood to be protective, and this beneficial effect was mediated through STAT-3 phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: *L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans; †Université d'Angers, Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose; ‡CHU Angers, Laboratoire d'Hématologie; §Université d'Angers, INSERM U771, CNRS UMR 6214, CHU Angers, Département de Biochimie et Génétique; and ∥CHU Angers, Service de Cardiologie, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: Walid Ben
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillou
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamareille
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamon
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prunier
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prunier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077425:Fondaparinux; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; D020032:Tyrphostins; C095512:alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000077425:Fondaparinux