title: Emerging strategies to deplete the HIV reservoir.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review highlights recent studies undertaken to further advance the search for successful approaches to eradicate HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small pharmacological compounds such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, inhibitors of bromodomain and extraterminal proteins such as JQ1, and protein kinase C activators such as bryostatin and prostratin are proposed as putative candidates for inducing the expression of latent HIV in a so-called 'shock and kill' or 'kick and kill' strategy for HIV eradication. However, in order to achieve viral clearance, it is thought likely these compounds will have to be administered in concert with strategies that augment clearance of virus-infected cells in patients that have long been aviremic on successful antiretroviral therapy (ART). Several candidate therapies for this purpose are at hand, such as therapeutic HIV vaccines - recently shown to promote robust cytotoxic T cell responses and blunt viral rebound after ART interruption in clinical studies. HIV-infected patients treated during early infection may be ideal candidates for early studies to test these strategies, as early ART has been shown to limit the establishment of an HIV reservoir.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV latency is multifactorial and thus the eradication of HIV infection may require multiple approaches. Translational efforts employing pharmacological methods to target HIV latency should evaluate in parallel the additional potential benefits of invigorating the immune response of HIV-infected individuals, and limiting the size of the reservoir via early ART.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, and Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Nancie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Archin
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors