title: Modular functional organisation of the axial locomotor system in salamanders.
abstract: Most investigations on tetrapod locomotion have been concerned with limb movements. However, there is compelling evidence that the axial musculoskeletal system contributes to important functions during locomotion. Adult salamanders offer a remarkable opportunity to examine these functions because these amphibians use axial undulations to propel themselves in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. In this article, we review the currently available biological data on axial functions during various locomotor modes in salamanders. We also present data showing the modular organisation of the neural networks that generate axial synergies during locomotion. The functional implication of this modular organisation is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U 862, Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France. Electronic address: jean-marie.cabelguen@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cabelguen
authors.affiliation: Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U 862, Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Charrier
authors.affiliation: Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U 862, Bordeaux University, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004777:Environment; D008124:Locomotion; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D014562:Caudata / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Axial system; Central pattern generator; Locomotion; Salamander