title: Trajectories of suicidal ideation and posttraumatic stress symptoms among former prisoners of war: a 17-year longitudinal study.
abstract: War captivity is one of the most severe human-inflicted traumatic experiences with wide and substantial long-term negative effects. However, only one retrospective study examined suicidal ideation (SI) among ex-prisoners of war (ex-POWs). This study aimed to prospectively assess SI among ex-POWs and its associations with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over a 17-year period. Two groups of male Israeli veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur War were examined: ex-POWs and comparable veterans who were not taken captive. Both groups were assessed via self-report measures of SI and PTSD symptoms at three time points: T1 18 (1991), T2 30 (2003), and T3 35 (2008) years after the war. Latent growth curve modeling (LGM) results showed that ex-POWs reported higher levels of SI at T2 and T3 and a pattern of increase in SI levels trajectory over time, compared to control veterans. Furthermore, among ex-POWs, PTSD symptoms at T1 contributed to the increase in rate of change in SI overtime. In addition, PTSD symptoms affected SI at the same measurement, above and beyond above the trajectories of SI. Clinical implications of these findings for the relations between captivity trauma and suicidality are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel. Electronic address: gadize@ariel.ac.il.
authors.forename: Gadi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zerach
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek-Hefer, Israel.
authors.forename: Yossi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levi-Belz
authors.affiliation: Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Zahava
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D063906:Prisoners of War / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D014728:Veterans
keywords: Captivity; LGM; PTSD; Prisoners of war; Suicidal ideation