title: A scanning electron microscopic study to evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the canal debris during root canal preparation: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the canal debris during root canal preparation using scanning electron microscopic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty single rooted teeth with completely formed apices were used in this study. Standard endodontic access cavity preparations were performed. Then the teeth were randomly divided into two groups: groups 1 and 2 of 15 teeth each group. For group 1, NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) was used to irrigate the canal with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite after each instrument use. For group 2, NaviTip (brushless needle) was used for irrigation following each instrument use. ProTaper rotary files were used for the canal preparation. The teeth were then cleaned and dried before splitting them into two halves. The half with most visible part of the apex was used for scanning electron microscopic evaluation. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at significance level p < 0.005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values for coronal and middle third of group 1 showed lower debris scores than group 2 and this difference was statistically significant at a p-value 0.01 and 0.05 respectively, but no significance difference between them at the apical third at a p-value of < 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) showed effectively better canal wall debris removal than the NaviTip (brushless needle).
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Raja Rajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Padma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gandi
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shivanna
authors.forename: Siva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Himgiri
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Nischith
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009339:Needles; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite