title: Different manifestations of class II division 2 incisor retroclination and their association with dental anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is an association between dental developmental anomalies (DDAs) and different manifestations of class II division 2 (CII/2) malocclusion incisor retroclination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private orthodontic practice in the regions of Lisbon and Porto, Portugal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 115 CII/2 malocclusions distributed into two groups on the basis of incisor retroclination: Group I composed of 48 CII/2 with retroclination exclusively of both maxillary central incisors; Group II composed of 67 CII/2 with retroclination of all four maxillary incisors. Using the initial orthodontic records, it was determined for each patient the presence of the following DDAs: tooth impaction, tooth agenesis, maxillary lateral incisor microdontia, tooth transpositions and supernumerary teeth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five per cent of patients were diagnosed with at least one of the DDAs studied. In the total sample the prevalence rates were: 20.0% of palatal maxillary canine impaction, 27.4% of third molar agenesis, and 15.7% of maxillary lateral incisor microdontia. No patient exhibited any transposition or supernumerary teeth. The distribution of the DDAs studied by groups revealed a strong association of palatal canine impaction, tooth agenesis and maxillary lateral incisor microdontia with Group II but not with Group I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of DDAs with CII/2 malocclusion is not common to all types of maxillary incisor retroclination, suggesting different etiologic factors among the different manifestations of CII/2 incisor retroclination.
authors.affiliation: Pedro Mariano Pereira, Department of Orthodontics, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campos Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal. pmarianop@sapo.pt.
authors.forename: Pedro Mariano
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Afonso Pinhão
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Purificação
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000848:Anodontia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000002:abnormalities; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014079:Tooth Eruption, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000453:epidemiology; D014096:Tooth, Supernumerary / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Class II division 2; agenesis; dental anomalies; impacted tooth; incisor retroclinacion; microdontia