title: Stress and withdrawal from d-amphetamine alter 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex.
abstract: Psychostimulant withdrawal results in emotional, behavioral, and cognitive impairments, which may be exacerbated by stress. However, little is known about the neurochemical changes that occur when these two conditions are experienced concomitantly. 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is diminished following withdrawal from d-amphetamine (AMPH) and may underlie the emotional and cognitive impairments observed in psychostimulant withdrawal, but whether stress affects 5-HT2AR mRNA expression during psychostimulant withdrawal is unknown. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of forced swim test (FST) exposure during AMPH withdrawal on 5-HT2AR mRNA expression in PFC. Animals were treated 3 times a day for 4 days with escalating doses of AMPH (1-10mg/kg) and 24h or 4 days after the final injection, animals were subjected to FST. At 24h of withdrawal, AMPH-treated animals showed greater immobility in FST and at 4 days of withdrawal, AMPH-treated animals did not show immobility. At 24h of withdrawal, animals showed lower 5-HT2AR mRNA expression in the PFC relative to saline-treated animals, and exposure to FST did not further decrease expression in these animals. At 4 days of withdrawal, AMPH-treated animals showed greater 5-HT2AR mRNA expression relative to saline-treated animals in the PFC, an effect that was diminished by exposure to FST. These data indicate that stress and short-term AMPH withdrawal affect prefrontal 5-HT2AR mRNA expression to a similar degree, and stress experienced during long-term AMPH withdrawal can diminish the recovery of 5-HT2AR mRNA expression. Together, these data suggest that exposure to stress during extended AMPH withdrawal could prolong withdrawal-induced, 5-HT2AR mRNA expression which could be related to 5-HT2AR mediated deficits.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA. Electronic address: murray_rc@mercer.edu.
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA. Electronic address: hebbard_j@med.mercer.edu.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hebbard
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA. Electronic address: anna.s.logan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA. Electronic address: golda.vanchipurakel@live.mercer.edu.
authors.forename: Golda A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Vanchipurakel
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA. Electronic address: yamiece.e.gilbert@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yamiece E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA. Electronic address: horner_ka@mercer.edu.
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D003913:Dextroamphetamine
keywords: 5-HT; 5-HT(2A)R; 5-Hydroxytryptamine; ACC; AMPH; ANOVA; FST; Forced swim; MDD; NAc; PFC; PRL; Psychostimulant; SSC; VTA; Withdrawal; analysis of variance; anterior cingulate cortex; d-amphetamine; forced swim test; lOFC; lateral orbitofrontal cortex; mOFC; major depressive disorder; medial orbitofrontal cortex; nucleus accumbens; prefrontal cortex; prelimbic cortex; saline-sodium citrate; serotonin; serotonin subtype 2A receptor; vOFC; ventral orbitofrontal cortex; ventral tegmental area