title: Long-lasting effects of a new memory self-efficacy training for stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to determine the long-term effects of a new Memory Self-efficacy (MSE) training program for stroke patients on MSE, depression, and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial, patients were allocated to a MSE training or a peer support group. Outcome measures were MSE, depression, and quality of life, measured with the Metamemory-In-Adulthood questionnaire, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Who-Qol Bref questionnaire, respectively. We used linear mixed models to compare the outcomes of both groups immediately after training, after 6 months, and after 12 months, adjusted for baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 153 former inpatients from 2 rehabilitation centers were randomized-77 to the experimental and 76 to the control group. MSE increased significantly more in the experimental group and remained significantly higher than in the control group after 6 and 12 months (B = 0.42; P = .010). Psychological quality of life also increased more in the experimental group but not significantly (B = 0.09; P = .077). However, in the younger subgroup of patients (<65 years old), psychological quality of life significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group and remained significantly higher over time (B = 0.14; P = .030). Other outcome measures were not significantly different between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An MSE training program improved MSE and psychological quality of life in stroke patients aged <65 years. These effects persisted during 12 months of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: 1Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Laurien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aben
authors.forename: Majanka H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Heijenbrok-Kal
authors.forename: Rudolf W H M
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ponds
authors.forename: Jan J V
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Busschbach
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ribbers
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D010379:Peer Group; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: memory; memory self-efficacy; rehabilitation; stroke; treatment