title: Selecting pesticides for inclusion in drinking water quality guidelines on the basis of detection probability and ranking.
abstract: Pesticides released into the environment may pose both ecological and human health risks. Governments set the regulations and guidelines for the allowable levels of active components of pesticides in various exposure sources, including drinking water. Several pesticide risk indicators have been developed using various methodologies, but such indicators are seldom used for the selection of pesticides to be included in national regulations and guidelines. The aim of the current study was to use risk indicators for the selection of pesticides to be included in regulations and guidelines. Twenty-four risk indicators were created, and a detection rate was defined to judge which indicators were the best for selection. The combination of two indicators (local sales of a pesticide for the purposes of either rice farming or other farming, divided by the guideline value and annual precipitation, and amended with the scores from the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide) gave the highest detection rates. In this case study, this procedure was used to evaluate 134 pesticides that are currently unregulated in the Japanese Drinking Water Quality Guidelines, from which 44 were selected as pesticides to be added to the primary group in the guidelines. The detection probability of the 44 pesticides was more than 72%. Among the 102 pesticides currently in the primary group, 17 were selected for withdrawal from the group.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. Electronic address: matsui@eng.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Mutsuurahigashi 1-50-1, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirasaki
mesh_terms: D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*; D004777:Environment; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D011336:Probability; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D060753:Water Quality / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Drinking water quality standards; Index; Ranking; Risk assessment