title: Drinking motives as prospective predictors of outcome in an intervention trial with heavily drinking HIV patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heavy alcohol consumption in HIV patients is an increasing health concern. Applying the drinking motivational model to HIV primary care patients, drinking motives (drinking to cope with negative affect, for social facilitation, and in response to social pressure) were associated with alcohol consumption at a baseline interview. However, whether these motives predict continued heavy drinking or alcohol dependence in this population is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 254 heavy-drinking urban HIV primary care patients (78.0% male; 94.5% African American or Hispanic) participating in a randomized trial of brief drinking-reduction interventions. Drinking motive scales, as well as measures of alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence, were administered at baseline. Consumption and dependence measures were re-administered at the end of treatment two months later. Regression analyses tested whether baseline drinking motive scale scores predicted continued heavy drinking and alcohol dependence status at the end of treatment, and whether motives interacted with treatment condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline drinking to cope with negative affect predicted continued heavy drinking (p<0.05) and alcohol dependence, the latter in both in the full sample (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.14) and among those with baseline dependence (AOR=2.52). Motives did not interact with treatment condition in predicting alcohol outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drinking to cope with negative affect may identify HIV patients needing targeted intervention to reduce drinking, and may inform development of more effective interventions addressing ways other than heavy drinking to cope with negative affect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 180 Ft. Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States.
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aharonovich
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 180 Ft. Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States.
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wainberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 180 Ft. Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States. Electronic address: dsh2@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hasin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AIDS; Alcohol; Drinking; HIV; Motives; Prediction