title: Physicochemical stability of captopril and enalapril extemporaneous formulations for pediatric patients.
abstract: The prevalence of hypertension among children has been increasing. Community and Hospital Pharmacists are often challenged to provide an oral liquid extemporaneous formulation for pediatric patients, because there are no appropriate dosage drugs to the specific needs of the child. The objective of this study is to choose and develop suitable pediatric extemporaneous formulations for captopril and enalapril maleate and to determine their physicochemical stability. A survey was carried out to evaluate the extent of dispensation of these drugs in Hospitals in Spain. Stability studies of formulations have been studied according to ICH normative at 5, 25 and 40 °C. Three samples from each temperature were withdrawn and assessed for stability on days 0, 15, 30, 50 and 90 using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mass spectrometer assay. Rheological studies were carried out to ensure the maintenance of the physical characteristics of these non-Newtonian fluids. Captopril and enalapril maleate formulations used the pure drug and were stable during 50 days at 5 °C. We have developed easy antihypertensive oral liquid extemporaneous formulations for pediatric patients with physical and chemical stability higher than those provided by the majority of Hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lucero
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002216:Captopril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010372:Pediatrics; D012212:Rheology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004656:Enalapril; D002216:Captopril
keywords: Compounding; hypertension; rheology