title: The prevalence of primary pediatric prehypertension and hypertension in a real-world managed care system.
abstract: To assess the burden associated with hypertension, reliable estimates for the prevalence of pediatric hypertension are vital. For this cross-sectional study of 237,248 youths aged 6 to 17 years without indication of secondary hypertension, blood pressure (BP) was classified according to age, sex, and height using standards from the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents as prehypertension with at least 1 BP ≥90th percentile and as hypertension with 3 BPs ≥95th percentile. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 31.4% and 2.1%, respectively. An additional 21.4% had either 1 (16.6%) or 2 (4.8%) BPs ≥95th percentile. Based on this large population-based study using routinely measured BP from clinical care, a remarkable proportion of youth (6.9%) has hypertension or nearly meets the definition of hypertension with 2 documented BPs in the hypertensive range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koebnick
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mayra P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Beatriz D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kuizon
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors