title: Effect of manual dynamic activation on smear layer removal efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and SmearClear: an in vitro scanning electron microscopic study.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of manual dynamic activation (MDA) with a master gutta-percha point on the smear layer removal efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and SmearClear. Fifty freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared using ProTaper rotary system up to F3 size. The prepared teeth were divided into five groups on the basis of final irrigation received. Group A: 3% NaOCl solution (negative control group). Group B: 5 mL of 17% EDTA. Group C: 1 mL of 17% EDTA + MDA for 2 min + 4 mL of 17% EDTA rinse. Group D: 5 mL of SmearClear. Group E: 1 mL of SmearClear + MDA for 2 min + 4 mL of SmearClear rinse. Prepared samples were decoronated and then longitudinally split into two halves and evaluated under scanning electron microscope. Representative images at coronal, middle and apical third level were taken and scored for the amount of smear layer present, using a three-score system. The data were analysed through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test. The root canal surfaces of samples of group C and group E (where MDA was done) were significantly cleaner in apical third regions than those of group B and group D (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Syed Mukhtar-Un-Nisar
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Andrabi
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Surrendra Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Rajendra Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Sharique
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Shiraz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D016369:Smear Layer / Q000473:pathology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C521331:Smear Clear; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid
keywords: EDTA; activation; endodontic irrigant; smear layer