title: β-arrestins and G protein-coupled receptor trafficking.
abstract: Nonvisual arrestins (β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2) are adaptor proteins that function to regulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and trafficking. β-arrestins are ubiquitously expressed and function to inhibit GPCR/G protein coupling, a process called desensitization, and promote GPCR trafficking and arrestin-mediated signaling. β-arrestin-mediated endocytosis of GPCRs requires the coordinated interaction of β-arrestins with clathrin, adaptor protein 2 (AP2), and phosphoinositides. These interactions are facilitated by a conformational change in β-arrestin that is thought to occur upon binding to a phosphorylated activated GPCR. In this review, we provide an overview of the key interactions involved in β-arrestin-mediated trafficking of GPCRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Xufan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Benovic
mesh_terms: D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019390:Arrestins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000071559:beta-Arrestin 1; D000071560:beta-Arrestin 2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: C000605253:ARRB1 protein, human; C000605254:ARRB2 protein, human; D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2; D019390:Arrestins; D002966:Clathrin; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000071559:beta-Arrestin 1; D000071560:beta-Arrestin 2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins