title: Biomarker modelling of early molecular changes in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs years, possibly decades, before the onset of clinical symptoms. Being able to detect the very earliest stages of AD is critical to improving understanding of AD biology, and identifying individuals at greatest risk of developing clinical symptoms with a view to treating AD pathophysiology before irreversible neurodegeneration occurs. Studies of dominantly inherited AD families and longitudinal studies of sporadic AD have contributed to knowledge of the earliest AD biomarkers. Here we appraise this evidence before reviewing novel, particularly fluid, biomarkers that may provide insights into AD pathogenesis and relate these to existing hypothetical disease models.
authors.affiliation: Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK, r.paterson@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ross W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toombs
authors.forename: Catherine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Slattery
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers