title: Association of dark-adapted visual function with retinal structural changes in patients with Stargardt disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate dark-adapted retinal sensitivity in patients with Stargardt disease (STGD1) using a modified MP-1 microperimeter and to compare the sensitivity loss with structural changes observed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope infrared imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve STGD1 patients and 10 normally sighted controls participated. Dark-adapted mean sensitivity (MS) was obtained using a MP-1 microperimeter. Additionally, MS percent difference between the patients and the controls was obtained. Sensitivity results were superimposed on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope infrared images and compared with corresponding spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dark-adapted MS ± standard deviation was 8.34 ± 1.54 dB for the controls and 3.68 ± 1.74 dB for STGD1 patients (P < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in MS of 24.0% in these patients. Sensitivity reductions were observed in areas that showed changes on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope infrared images and on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, including disorganizational loss of the retinal pigment epithelium, and abnormal photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid and external limiting membrane reflectance bands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With topographical accuracy, dark-adapted MS measurements can be made in STGD1 patients and controls using the MP-1 microperimeter. Sensitivity loss is associated with structural changes. This finding can be useful for the determination of optimal areas for potential improvement of retinal function in patients with Stargardt disease.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, University La Sapienza of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy; †Pangere Center for Hereditary Retinal Diseases, The Chicago Lighthouse for People Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired, Chicago, Illinois; and ‡Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Gerald A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: J Jason
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McAnany
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Genead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000151:congenital* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D000080362:Stargardt Disease; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult