title: Abdominal obesity is associated with albuminuria in women: the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of obesity on the kidney, apart from diabetes or hypertension, have not drawn much attention. Moreover, only a few studies have reported the relationship between obesity status and albuminuria in Asian countries, including South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between obesity status and albuminuria in Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of the 4,979 subjects included in the general-population group, 3,274 were sorted into a nondiabetic and nonhypertensive population group. Obesity status was measured by body mass index and waist circumference. Albuminuria was defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abdominally obese women were at higher risk for albuminuria than were women without abdominal obesity both in the general population (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08 [1.04-4.16]) and in the nondiabetic and nonhypertensive population (OR [95% CI]: 6.96 [2.34-20.64]) after further adjustment for confounders. Among generally nonobese women, abdominally obese women were at higher risk for albuminuria than were women without abdominal obesity both in the general population (OR [95% CI]: 2.82 [1.51-5.29]) and in the nondiabetic and nonhypertensive population (OR [95% CI]: 5.32 [1.47-19.22]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk for albuminuria in Korean women, independently of diabetes or hypertension. Screening for abdominal obesity, especially in women, may therefore provide earlier identification of individuals at risk for developing renal disease and cardiovascular disease, even those who are nondiabetic and nonhypertensive.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea .
authors.forename: Ga Eun
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Kyungdo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yong Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yang Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Shik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Youn Seon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seon Mee
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine