title: Executive function and coping in stroke survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke is a leading cause of disability and sequelae may include physical, emotional, and cognitive impairments. The methods employed to cope with distress, both emotional and cognitive, have not been evaluated in individuals post-stroke. However, research in traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggests that executive function is positively correlated with adaptive coping and negatively correlated with maladaptive coping strategies (Krpan et al., 2007). Examination of these constructs post-stroke may assist with enriching our understanding of cognitive and emotional symptomatology and optimize rehabilitation strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to assess the association between executive function and coping strategies in a sample of chronic stroke survivors. The researchers hypothesized that executive function would be positively correlated with adaptive coping strategies and negatively correlated with maladaptive coping strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen stroke survivors were administered a battery of cognitive tests assessing executive function and also completed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WAYS), a self-report coping measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses indicated that executive function deficits were related to increased avoidant coping. Contrary to expectations, executive function was not significantly related to active coping. In addition, post hoc analyses revealed that executive function was a significant predictor of avoidant coping after controlling for demographics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data, in accordance with prior work in TBI, suggests that executive function and aspects of coping are associated. Rehabilitation strategies that improve executive function may also lead to utilization of adaptive coping strategies. Research has shown that aerobic exercise increases activation in the frontal lobe and improves executive function (Colcombe & Kramer, 2003; Colcombe et al., 2004). Future studies should examine whether aerobic exercise positively affects executive function and coping in stroke survivors.
authors.affiliation: Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Health Center, Baltimore, MD, USA VA Maryland Exercise & Robotics Center of Excellence (MERCE), Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kegel
authors.affiliation: Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Health Center, Baltimore, MD, USA VA Maryland Exercise & Robotics Center of Excellence (MERCE), Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dux
authors.affiliation: Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Health Center, Baltimore, MD, USA VA Maryland Exercise & Robotics Center of Excellence (MERCE), Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macko
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Stroke; coping; executive function