title: Comparison of four kinds of extraction techniques and kinetics of microwave-assisted extraction of vanillin from Vanilla planifolia Andrews.
abstract: Vanillin yield, microscopic structure, antioxidant activity and overall odour of vanilla extracts obtained by different treatments were investigated. MAE showed the strongest extraction power, shortest time and highest antioxidant activity. Maceration gave higher vanillin yields than UAE and PAE, similar antioxidant activity with UAE, but longer times than UAE and PAE. Overall odour intensity of different vanilla extracts obtained by UAE, PAE and MAE were similar, while higher than maceration extracts. Then, powered vanilla bean with a sample/solvent ratio of 4 g/100 mL was selected as the optimum condition for MAE. Next, compared with other three equations, two-site kinetic equation with lowest RMSD and highest R²(adj) was shown to be more suitable in describing the kinetics of vanillin extraction. By fitting the parameters C(eq), k₁, k₂, and f, a kinetics model was constructed to describe vanillin extraction in terms of irradiation power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time.
authors.affiliation: Spice and Beverage Research Institute, CATAS, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China.
authors.forename: Zhizhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qinghuang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007700:Kinetics; D008872:Microwaves; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031669:Vanilla / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C100058:vanillin
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Extraction methods; Kinetics; Odour; Vanillin yield