title: Associations between host characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium.
abstract: A collection of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates obtained from sporadic salmonellosis cases in humans from Lower Saxony, Germany between June 2008 and May 2010 was used to perform an exploratory risk-factor analysis on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) using comprehensive host information on sociodemographic attributes, medical history, food habits and animal contact. Multivariate resistance profiles of minimum inhibitory concentrations for 13 antimicrobial agents were analysed using a non-parametric approach with multifactorial models adjusted for phage types. Statistically significant associations were observed for consumption of antimicrobial agents, region type and three factors on egg-purchasing behaviour, indicating that besides antimicrobial use the proximity to other community members, health consciousness and other lifestyle-related attributes may play a role in the dissemination of resistances. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase in AMR from the first study year to the second year was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health,University of Veterinary Medicine,Hannover,Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruddat
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch-Institute,Wernigerode Branch, Division Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode,Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tietze
authors.affiliation: Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony,Hannover,Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ziehm
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health,University of Veterinary Medicine,Hannover,Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kreienbrock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D002648:Child; D002702:Chloramphenicol Resistance; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004531:Eggs; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000502:physiology*; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents