title: An aqueous pomegranate seed extract ameliorates oxidative stress of human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aqueous pomegranate seed extract (PSE), a by-product of the pomegranate juice industry, was recently identified as a potential antiglycative ingredient. Ellagic acid was proposed as the major polyphenol responsible for the antiglycative activity as exerted in in vitro models. However, there is no information on safety aspects of this extract in biological systems before its application as ingredient. The cytotoxicity of PSE (1-100 µg mL(-1) ) was evaluated by determining its effect on cell viability and redox status of cultured HepG2 cells. The protective effect of the PSE against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No changes in cell integrity or intrinsic antioxidant status resulted from a direct treatment with aqueous PSE, even at high dosage. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by t-BOOH were reduced by 21% when cells were pretreated with 100 µg mL(-1) of aqueous PSE at 180 min. The range of concentrations investigated was effective in decreasing the ROS formation but not in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aqueous pomegranate seed extract enhances human hepatoma cells integrity and resistance to cope with a stressful situation at concentration up to 100 µg mL(-1) .
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Miryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amigo-Benavent
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesias
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.forename: Vural
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gökmen
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014867:Water; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide
keywords: HepG2 cell model; cytotoxicity; glycation; pomegranate seed; reactive oxygen species