title: Prevalence and factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation among community-dwelling older people in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation among community-dwelling older people.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Xerostomia and hyposalivation are common symptoms in the older population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included with 894 community-dwelling, Japanese older people (355 men, 539 women; age 65-84 years) who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination, which included questionnaires and interviews regarding medical history, medications, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC), depressive condition. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used to evaluate depression. Resting salivary flow rate was evaluated by the modified cotton roll method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, 34.8% of the participants (mean age, 73.5 ± 5.0 years) complained about xerostomia, while the prevalence of hyposalivation was 11.5%. Multiple regression analysis revealed hypnotics use [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-2.61], SDS (OR = 1.05, CI = 1.04-1.07) and TMIG-IC total points (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.76-0.99) to be significantly associated with xerostomia. In contrast, female gender (OR = 2.59, CI = 1.55-4.31) and the use of agents affecting digestive organs (OR = 1.78, CI = 1.11-2.86) were associated with hyposalivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation were approximately 1 in 3 and 1 in 10 respectively. The factors associated with psychological factors and high-level functional competence, while hyposalivation was associated with medications and gender, as well as systemic and/or metabolic differences. It is important to consider these multidimensional factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral Dentistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Section of Behavioral Dentistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mataki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D057187:Independent Living; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012472:Salivation; D012636:Secretory Rate; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: dry mouth; epidemiology; general condition.; saliva