title: Dendritic cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory markers in chronic HCV: an Egyptian study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory markers of dendritic cells (DCs) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected subjects with and without uremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three subject groups were included in the study: group 1 involved 50 control subjects, group 2 involved 50 patients with chronic HCV infection and group 3 involved 50 HCV uremic subjects undergoing hemodialysis. CD83, CD86 and CD40 as co-stimulatory markers and PD-L1 as a co-inhibitory marker were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels were also assessed. All findings were correlated with disease activity, viral load and fibrogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in co-stimulatory markers; CD83, CD86 and CD40 in groups 2 and 3 vs the control group. Co-stimulatory markers were significantly higher in group 3 vs group 2. There was a significant elevation in PD-L1 in both HCV groups vs the control group. PD-L1 was significantly lower in group 3 vs group 2. There was a significant elevation in IL-10 and HA levels in groups 2 and 3, where IL-10 was higher in group 3 and HA was lower in group 3 vs group 2. HA level was significantly correlated with disease activity and fibrosis grade in group 2. IL-10 was significantly correlated with fibrosis grade in group 2. There were significant negative correlations between co-stimulatory markers and viral load in groups 2 and 3, except CD83 in dialysis patients. There was a significant positive correlation between PD-L1 and viral load in both HCV groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant decrease in DC co-stimulatory markers and a significant increase in a DC co-inhibitory marker were observed in HCV subjects and to a lesser extent in dialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Hanan Fouad, Dina Sabry, Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fouad
authors.forename: Maissa Saeed El
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Raziky
authors.forename: Rasha Ahmed Abdel
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sabry
authors.forename: Ghada Mahmoud Abdel
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Manal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ewais
authors.forename: Ahmed Reda
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sayed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014511:Uremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000097802:CD83 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C497964:CD86 protein, human; C508609:IL10 protein, human
keywords: CD83; CD86, CD40; Dendritic cells; Hemodialysis; Hepatitis C virus; Hyaluronic acid; Interleukin-10; PD-L1; Uremia