title: Internal bone temperature change during guided surgery preparations for dental implants: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pig model study was to verify whether the use of devices (surgical templates) or procedures (flapless or flap) of guided surgery may cause a potentially pathologic increase of temperature during the bone preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this in vitro study, pig ribs with mean cortical thickness of 1.90 mm were used. Open-flap and flapless guided surgery (experimental groups OGS and FGS) and open-flap and flapless conventional technique (control groups OSS and OFS) were performed. Temperature changes were recorded at a distance of 0.5 mm from the final test osteotomy by 2 thermocouples at depths of 1.5 (point A) and 12 mm (point B). Data were collected from 80 measurements, 10 for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant increase of temperature was reported for the FGS and OGS groups considering the measurement at point A (mean Δt 4.81 degrees and 4.21 degrees, respectively). The measurement at Point B for the FGS group compared to the FSS group did not differ significantly for the 3-mm drill, nor did the OSS group with the 2-mm drill.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Site preparation with surgical stents generated higher bone temperature than conventional drilling. However, this heat generation did not reach temperature levels dangerous for the bone.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migliorati
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amorfini
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Signori
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barberis
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvestrini Biavati
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benedicenti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003762:Dental Instruments; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012272:Ribs / Q000601:surgery; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants