title: Trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes among Jews and Arabs in Israel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes between 1997 and 2010 among 0-17-yr-old Israeli Jews and Arabs compared with global trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes reported by pediatric endocrinologists from 19 medical centers to the Israel Center for Disease Control, as part of the National Diabetes Register.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 1997-2010, 2857 Jews and 757 Arabs were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The average age-adjusted incidence among Jews was higher than Arabs [12.2 per 100 000, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.5-14.2 and 8.9 per 100 000, 95% CI 7.5-10.7, p = 0.0001, respectively], however, the annual percent change was higher for Arabs compared with Jews (4.0 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.005, respectively). The mean age at diagnosis was similar for Jews and Arabs (9.6 ± 4.4 vs. 9.9 ± 4.4 yr, p = 0.08), and it remained stable during 1997-2010 in both ethnic groups (p = 0.6). In both Jews and Arabs the highest annual percent change was observed in younger children. It was 4.9% for children aged 5-9 yr and 10.7% for children aged 0-4 yr, respectively. There were no differences in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) between Jews (39.9%) and Arabs (41.3%), (p = 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 1 diabetes incidence of Jews and Arabs in Israel is increasing. The incidence is higher in Jews than in Arabs; however, the annual percent change is higher in Arabs than in Jews. In both Ethnic groups the incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing especially among young children.
authors.affiliation: Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blumenfeld
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dichtiar
authors.forename: Tamy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shohat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018912:Arabs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007585:Jews / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries
keywords: Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs; incidence trend; type 1 diabetes