title: Calcium-alkali syndrome in the modern era.
abstract: The ingestion of calcium, along with alkali, results in a well-described triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency. Over time, the epidemiology and root cause of the syndrome have shifted, such that the disorder, originally called the milk-alkali syndrome, is now better described as the calcium-alkali syndrome. The calcium-alkali syndrome is an important cause of morbidity that may be on the rise, an unintended consequence of shifts in calcium and vitamin D intake in segments of the population. We review the pathophysiology of the calcium-alkali syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. ami.patel@drexelmed.edu.
authors.forename: Ami M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Gbemisola A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Adeseun
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
mesh_terms: D000471:Alkalosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D