title: Corrective effects of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) juice intake on biochemical and genotoxical parameters in mice fed on a high-fat diet.
abstract: Acerola contains high levels of vitamin C and rutin and shows the corresponding antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress on the other hand is an important factor in the development of obesity. In this study, we investigated the biochemical and antigenotoxic effects of acerola juice in different stages of maturity (unripe, ripe and industrial) and its main pharmacologically active components vitamin C and rutin, when given as food supplements to obese mice. Initial HPLC analyses confirmed that all types of acerola juice contained high levels of vitamin C and rutin. DPPH tests quantified the antioxidant properties of these juices and revealed higher antioxidant potentials compared to pure vitamin C and rutin. In an animal test series, groups of male mice were fed on a standard (STA) or a cafeteria (CAF) diet for 13 weeks. The latter consisted of a variety of supermarket products, rich in sugar and fat. This CAF diet increased the feed efficiency, but also induced glucose intolerance and DNA damage, which was established by comet assays and micronucleus tests. Subsequently, CAF mice were given additional diet supplements (acerola juice, vitamin C or rutin) for one month and the effects on bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver, kidney, and brain were examined. The results indicated that food supplementation with ripe or industrial acerola juice led to a partial reversal of the diet-induced DNA damage in the blood, kidney, liver and bone marrow. For unripe acerola juice food supplementation, beneficial effects were observed in blood, kidney and bone marrow. Food supplementation with vitamin C led to decreased DNA damage in kidney and liver, whereas rutin supplementation led to decreased DNA damage in all tissue samples observed. These results suggest that acerola juice helps to reduce oxidative stress and may decrease genotoxicity under obesogenic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC, 888.06-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: daniela_leffa@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Daniela Dimer
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Leffa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicologic Genetics, Postgraduate Programme of Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil, ULBRA, 92.425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC, 888.06-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daumann
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC, 888.06-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luiza Formentin
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dajori
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC, 888.06-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiza Martins
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Longaretti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC, 888.06-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriani Paganini
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Damiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 01049-010 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Lira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosis and Phytochemistry, Postgraduate Programme of Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil, ULBRA, 92.425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacognosis and Phytochemistry, Postgraduate Programme of Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences (PPGBioSaúde), Lutheran University of Brazil, ULBRA, 92.425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre de Barros Falcão
authors.initials: Ade B
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Instrumental Analysis, Postgraduate Programme for Genetic and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA.Pro), Lutheran University of Brazil, ULBRA, 92.425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dione Silva
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Côrrea
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, UNESC, 888.06-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: vmoraesdeandrade@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Vanessa Moraes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: de Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D001628:Beverages; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D008297:Male; D029581:Malpighiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Cafeteria diet; Comet assay; Malpighia emarginata; Micronucleus test; Rutin; Vitamin C