title: Pretreatment with sevoflurane attenuates direct lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sevoflurane exerts effects on pulmonary cells that could protect against lung injury. We evaluated the potential of pretreatment with sevoflurane to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  LPS was administered intratracheally in Wistar rats to induce lung injury. Sevoflurane was administered for 30 min at 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 MAC 15 min before LPS or for 30 min at 0.5 MAC 24 hours before LPS. After initial analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and total protein, the group of 0.5 MAC 15 min before LPS was further analyzed for surfactant aggregates subfractions, plasma malondialdehyde levels and lung histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS instillation resulted in neutrophils sequestration in the lungs, loss of alveolar macrophages, increased BALF total protein and decreased large surfactant aggregates. Only inhalation of sevoflurane for 30 min at 0.5 MAC 15 min before LPS installation effectively reduced neutrophil accumulation, preserved alveolar epithelial cells and reduced total protein content in BALF. This regimen also reduced plasma malondialdehyde levels and increased large surfactant aggregates, despite the application of mechanical ventilation. This effect was preserved after LPS instillation and the favorable composition of surfactant was maintained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with sevoflurane effectively attenuates direct severe lung injury, possibly by inhibition of neutrophil accumulation and alteration of the surfactant composition.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, "Attiko" Hospital, Athens, Greece - k_kalimeris@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalimeris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zerva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matsota
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomikos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fragopoulou
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karamitopoulou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kostopanagiotou
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000077149:Sevoflurane