title: Ant mandibles as staples in the era of Greek patriot Ioannis Makriyannis (1797-1864).
abstract: The use of ant mandibles as surgical clips was documented by the ancient Indian physicians Susruta and Charaka as early as 1000 BC and continued in some world areas into the early 1900s. According to the memoirs of the Greek revolutionary general Ioannis Makriyannis, this technique was also applied in the battlefields of the Greek Revolution for Independence between 1821 and 1832.
authors.affiliation: History of Medicine Department, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece. mariannakaramanou@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iavazzo
authors.forename: Matthaios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papakiritsis
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamanou
authors.forename: Foteini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ntziora
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Androutsos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants; D006115:Greece; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049691:History, Medieval; D008334:Mandible; D013537:Sutures / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data