title: A randomized controlled trial: the efficacy of eluoride rinse combined with calcium pre-rinse to increase overnight salivary fluoride.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that a calcium (Ca) pre-rinse given before a 228 ppm fluoride (F) rinse greatly increased salivary fluoride. Objectives. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine if Ca pre-rinse could increase the fluoride concentration in the overnight unstimulated saliva after a 905 ppm F-rinse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-rinses containing 150 mM, 75 mM or 0 mM Ca-lactate prepared by a validated pharmaceutical cGPM procedure were tested by nine subjects in a randomized order immediately followed by a 905 ppm F-rinse. The fluoride concentration was measured in unstimulated saliva collected 10 h later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ca pre-treatment significantly increased F level in overnight saliva following the 905 ppm fluoride rinse by 1.7× relative to the 905 ppm F-rinse alone; however, a significant effect was only observed with the highest (150 mM) Ca concentration as pre-rinse. Clinical relevance. High concentration F rinses (905 ppm) are commonly recommended for patients at high-risk of caries. A pre-treatment with high levels of Ca may further improve the cariostatic effect of this ion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , PO Box 4064, SE 141 04 , Sweden.
authors.forename: Margaret Sällberg
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strömberg
authors.forename: Gerald Lee
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandborgh-Englund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D007773:Lactates; D009067:Mouthwashes; C110051:calcium lactate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: RCT; calcium; fluoride; pre-rinse; saliva