title: Coupling of solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous simple and rapid trace monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.
abstract: A simple, rapid, and efficient sample pretreatment technique, based on solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration and trace detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in water and urine samples. Some parameters such as acidity of solution, the amount of salt, type, and volume of extraction solvents, type of disperser/de-emulsifier solvent, and its volume were investigated and optimized. Under optimum extraction conditions, the limits of detections (LODs) of this method for MCPA and 2,4-D were 0.2 and 0.6 μg L(-1) (based on 3S(b)/m) in water and 0.4 and 1.6 μg L(-1) in urine, respectively. Furthermore, dynamic linear range of this method for MCPA and 2,4-D was 1-300 and 2-400 μg L(-1), repectively. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by extraction and determination of the herbicides in urine and different water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behbahani
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: Majid Kalate
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bojdi
authors.forename: Parmoon Ghareh
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hassanlou
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagheri
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid