title: Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks.
abstract: Giardia duodenalis is a small intestinal protozoan parasite of several terrestrial vertebrates. This work aims to assess the genotypic variability of Giardia duodenalis isolates from cattle, sheep and pigs in the Southeast of Brazil, by comparing the standard characterization between glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) primers. Fecal samples from the three groups of animals were analyzed using the zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation technique. Out of 59 positive samples, 30 were from cattle, 26 from sheep and 3 from pigs. Cyst pellets were stored and submitted to PCR and nested-PCR reactions with gdh and tpi primers. Fragment amplification of gdh and tpi genes was observed in 25 (42.4%) and 36 (61.0%) samples, respectively. Regarding the sequencing, 24 sequences were obtained with gdh and 20 with tpi. For both genes, there was a prevalence of E specific species assemblage, although some isolates have been identified as A and B, by the tpi sequencing. This has also shown a larger number of heterogeneous sequences, which have been attribute to mixed infections between assemblages B and E. The largest variability of inter-assemblage associated to the frequency of heterogeneity provided by tpi sequencing reinforces the polymorphic nature of this gene and makes it an excellent target for studies on molecular epidemiology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 1720 Avenida Pará, Umuarama Campus, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália M N
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: Rodrigo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Luana A M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Scalia
authors.forename: Evanguedes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalapothakis
authors.forename: Isabella F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Carlos U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Elaine S M
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Talles R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.forename: Márcia Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cury
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil; D002417:Cattle; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D058751:Livestock / Q000469:parasitology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012756:Sheep; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase