title: A systematic review of the effectiveness of knowledge translation interventions for chronic noncancer pain management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reliable evidence detailing effective treatments and management practices for chronic noncancer pain exists. However, little is known about which knowledge translation (KT) interventions lead to the uptake of this evidence in practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of KT interventions for chronic noncancer pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive searches of electronic databases, the gray literature and manual searches of journals were undertaken. Randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and controlled before-and-after studies of KT interventions were included. Data regarding interventions and primary outcomes were categorized using a standard taxonomy; a risk-of-bias approach was adopted for study quality. A narrative synthesis of study results was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 8500 titles and abstracts were screened, with 230&nbsp;full-text articles reviewed for eligibility. Nineteen studies were included, of which only a small proportion were judged to be at low risk of bias. Interactive KT education for health care providers has a positive effect on patients' function, but its benefits for other health provider- and patient-related outcomes are inconsistent. Interactive education for patients leads to improvements in knowledge and function. Little research evidence supports the effectiveness of structural changes in health systems and quality improvement processes or coordination of care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KT interventions incorporating interactive education in chronic noncancer pain led to positive effects on patients' function and knowledge about pain. Future studies should provide implementation details and use consistent theoretical frameworks to better estimate the effectiveness of such interventions.
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ospina
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taenzer
authors.forename: Saifee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashiq
authors.forename: Joy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: MacDermid
authors.forename: Eloise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Dagmara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chojecki
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harstall
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical