title: Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties from the bark of Parkia biglobosa.
abstract: The bark of Parkia biglobosa is used in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities of the different fractions were determined. The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: yuanfeng.zou@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Yuan-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Bing-Zhao
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kari Tvete
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Inngjerdingen
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barsett
authors.forename: Drissa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: Terje Einar
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: Elnour
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El-Zoubair
authors.forename: Berit Smestad
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019800:Phenol; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid; 4-OMe-GlcA; AG-I; AG-II; Ara; Complement system; GC–MS; Gal; GalA; Glc; GlcA; Immunomodulation; LPS; Macrophage stimulation; Man; NO; Parkia biglobosa; Pectic polysaccharides; RG-I; RG-II; Rha; Xyl; arabinogalactan type I; arabinogalactan type II; arabinose; galactose; galacturonic acid; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; glucose; glucuronic acid; lipopolysaccharide; mannose; nitric oxide; rhamnogalacturonan type I; rhamnogalacturonan type II; rhamnose; xylose