title: Exercise for methamphetamine dependence: rationale, design, and methodology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective pharmacotherapies to treat methamphetamine (MA) dependence have not been identified, and behavioral therapies are marginally effective. Based on behavioral studies demonstrating the potential efficacy of aerobic exercise for improving depressive symptoms, anxiety, cognitive deficits, and substance use outcomes, the study described here is examining exercise as a potential treatment for MA-dependent individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is randomizing 150 participants with MA dependence at a residential treatment facility for addictive disorders to receive either a thrice-weekly structured aerobic and resistance exercise intervention or a health education condition. Recruitment commenced in March, 2010. Enrollment and follow-up phases are ongoing, and recruitment is exceeding targeted enrollment rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seeking evidence for a possibly effective adjunct to traditional behavioral approaches for treatment of MA dependence, this study is assessing the ability of an 8-week aerobic and resistance exercise protocol to reduce relapse to MA use during a 12-week follow-up period after discharge from residential-based treatment. The study also is evaluating improvements in health and functional outcomes during and after the protocol. This paper describes the design and methods of the study.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States. Electronic address: lmooney@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Larissa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte 37-131 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States. Electronic address: ccooper@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Room C8-831, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States. Electronic address: ELondon@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Edythe D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: London
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States. Electronic address: joychud@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudzynski
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte 37-131 CHS, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States. Electronic address: BDolezal@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dolezal
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States. Electronic address: Daniel.dickerson@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States. Electronic address: LBrecht@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Mary-Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brecht
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States. Electronic address: jpenate@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peñate
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States. Electronic address: rrawson@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rawson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012112:Residential Facilities; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine
keywords: Aerobic; Exercise; Methamphetamine dependence; Outcomes; Treatment intervention