title: A cost-effective and practical polybenzanthrone-based fluorescent sensor for efficient determination of palladium (II) ion and its application in agricultural crops and environment.
abstract: A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemosensor suitable for practical measurement of palladium ion (Pd(2+)) in agricultural crops and environment samples has been successfully fabricated using polybenzanthrone (PBA). PBA was facilely electrosynthesized in the mixed electrolyte of acetonitrile and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The fluorescence intensity of PBA showed a linear response to Pd(2+) in the concentration range of 5 nM-0.12 mM with a detection limit of 0.277 nM and quantification limit of 0.925 nM. Different compounds existing in agricultural crops and environment such as common metal ions, anions, natural amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids were used to examine the selectivity of the as-fabricated sensor, and no obvious fluorescence change could be observed in these interferents and their mixtures. A possible mechanism was proposed that the coordination of PBA and Pd(2+) enhance the aggregation of polymer chains, which led to a significant quenching of PBA emission, and this was further confirmed by absorption spectra monitoring and transmission electron microscopy. The excellent performance of the proposed sensor and satisfactory results of the Pd(2+) determination in practical samples suggested that the PBA-based fluorescent sensor for the determination of Pd(2+) will be a good candidate for application in agriculture and environment.
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yangping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Chaoqun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jingkun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Baoyang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xuemin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Haohua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007477:Ions; D011108:Polymers; D010165:Palladium; C012768:benzanthrone; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Agricultural application; Conjugated polymer; Fluorescent chemosensor; Palladium ion; Polybenzanthrone