title: Gingival microleakage of class V composite restorations with fiber inserts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of different fiber inserts (glass and polyethylene), bonding agents, and resin composites on the gingival margin microleakage of class V composite restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty premolars were sterilized and mounted in acrylic resin bases. Class V cavities were prepared buccally and lingually, 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction, comprising 12 groups (n = 10). In the experimental groups fiber inserts were cut and placed at the gingival seat, while the control groups had no inserts. Combinations of two composite materials, Filtek-Z250 and Filtek-LS (3M-ESPE), and four bonding agents, Clearfil SE bond (Kuraray) (C), Scotch Bond Multipurpose (3M-ESPE) (SB), Prime and Bond NT (Dentsply) (PB), and Filtek-LS (3M-ESPE) (LS) were used. Restorations were incrementally inserted and polymerized for 40s. Specimens were then stored in distilled water for 7 days and thermocycled for 500 cycles. Teeth surfaces were sealed with nail polish except for 1 mm around restoration margins and immersed in 2% red procion dye. Teeth were then sectioned buccolingually and dye penetration was assessed with five-point scale. Data were statistically-analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean microleakage scores varied from 0.40 (Groups C, C with polyethylene, LS, LS with polyethylene) to 1.50 (SB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different bonding agents led to differences in microleakage scores where C and LS showed significantly lower microleakage than PB. SB had highest mean microleakage score, however, incorporation of fibers resulted in significant reduction in microleakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Class V resin composite restorations bonded with a total-etch adhesive had a significant reduction in mean microleakage scores when glass or polyethylene fibers were placed at the gingival cavo-surface margin. In contrast, for two self-etch adhesive systems, the incorporation of fibers had no significant effect on mean microleakage scores.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Walaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Badrawy
authors.forename: Gajanan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakki
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Mowafy
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000473:pathology; D014227:Triazines; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C543062:Filtek LS Low Shrink resin; C444701:Filtek Z250; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; C084063:RIBBOND; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; D014227:Triazines; C496140:everStick; C009753:fiberglass; D014867:Water; C003213:Procion Brilliant Red M-2BS; D020959:Polyethylene