title: Dual contraceptive use among adolescents and young adults: correlates and implications for condom use and sexually transmitted infection outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simultaneous condom and hormonal contraception usage ('dual method use') maximises protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI), although there is concern that promotion of this strategy could result in diminished condom use and inadvertently increase STI risk. In this study, we (1) assessed how the use of dual methods, versus condoms alone, related to STI and consistency of condom use and (2) described the correlates of dual use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 1450 young people aged 12-25 years were surveyed and screened for chlamydia and gonorrhoea at non-clinical sites in two high morbidity Californian counties in 2002-2003. Differences in STI prevalence and reported consistency of condom use were assessed for 'condom only' and 'dual method' users. Correlates of dual use were analysed via multivariate polytomous logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Condom only and dual method users did not significantly differ in terms of STI prevalence or reported consistency of condom use. Sex, age, race and relationship tenure were significant correlates of dual use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these observational data, dual method use did not detrimentally affect STI risk. If interpreted alongside each subgroups' risk patterns for STI and unplanned pregnancy, the correlates of dual use can inform STI and pregnancy prevention interventions.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiologist II, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: Chief, Social & Behavioral Research & Evaluation Branch, Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogben
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Clinical Psychologist, Department of Veteran Affairs, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chartier
authors.affiliation: Division Director, Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolan
authors.affiliation: Chief, STD Control Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002140:California; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral
keywords: condom; hormonal contraception; oral contraceptives; sexually transmitted infections