title: Do the different reasons for lactation discontinuation have similar impact on future breast problems?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast feeding is considered to be mutually beneficial for both mothers and infants, though the effect of lactation problems on development of breast lesions (whether benign or malignant) is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to identify possible relations between lactation problems and benign and malignant breast disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  308 patients referred to two referral breast clinics in Tehran, the capital city of IR Iran, between January 2008 and January 2011, were recruited. They were interviewed by a standard questionnaire regarding breast feeding problems. The study population was classified in 3 major groups; breast feeding without any problem, unwillingness to breast feed according to whether mothers' preference not to feed or some breast problems like mastitis, and finally insufficient milk that caused the mothers to feed their babies with formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recruiting binary logistic regression method, mother's unwillingness to feed her child by breast milk, and also breast problems such as mastitis and abscess during lactation period showed significant relation with both benign and malignant breast diseases (p value<0.01). Surprisingly, inadequate milk was not associated with any of these conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that lactation problems which involve normal milk drainage from the breast may play an important role in whether the mother wll subsequently develope both benign and malignant pathologies. In contrast in the situation that the production of the milk is not sufficient and there are no intentional or unintentional problems in drainage of the produced milk, future problems would not be more common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail : akaviani@tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghadiri
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iranpour
authors.forename: Masud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yunesian
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shadlou
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaviani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007775:Lactation Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D014886:Weaning