title: Epidemiological trends of tetanus from East Delhi, India: a hospital-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the demographic profile, prognostic indicators, and mortality of tetanus patients and treatment outcomes following intramuscular anti-tetanus immunoglobulin (ATG) alone or combined intrathecal and intramuscular ATG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatients from a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred children under 12 years of age diagnosed with tetanus and admitted from January 2003 to December 2007 were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case records of patients with neonatal tetanus (n=30) and post-neonatal tetanus (n=70) were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis of tetanus was based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The outcomes of patients treated with either intramuscular ATG or both intrathecal and intramuscular ATG were separately compared in the neonatal and post-neonatal groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study revealed difficulty in feeding, trismus, spasms, rigidity, and opisthotonus posturing as the predominant clinical manifestations. The survival rate for children receiving tetanus immunoglobulin by the dual route was significantly higher than for children receiving the immunoglobulin via the intramuscular route. Seizures and tremors were poor prognostic factors associated with tetanus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. Electronic address: manish_2710@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gomber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013742:Tetanus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D013743:Tetanus Antitoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013743:Tetanus Antitoxin
keywords: Elimination; Immunoglobulin; Tetanus