title: Pharyngeal cancer surveillance using narrow band imaging during conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that narrow band imaging (NBI) is useful for detecting superficial pharyngeal cancer. Nevertheless, pharyngeal observation is not a routine practice during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Two aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of pharyngeal observation during upper GI endoscopy and to determine the prevalence of pharyngeal cancer in asymptomatic high-risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-year-old or older asymptomatic males with smoking and drinking habits were prospectively recruited as a pharyngeal cancer high-risk group. A total of 224 high-risk patients underwent pharyngeal observation using NBI before conventional upper GI endoscopy. The feasibility of pharyngeal examination without sedation was assessed by a questionnaire for the first 60 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median time for pharyngeal observation was 1.7 min. The questionnaire demonstrated 88% of participants thought the pharyngeal examination acceptable. The NBI examination identified 5 superficial pharyngeal cancers (2 Tis and 3 T1) in 224 high-risk patients; the prevalence of pharyngeal cancer in this group was 2.2%. Three of the 5 patients had a concurrent or past history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharyngeal observation using NBI during upper GI endoscopy is well tolerated and recommended for all high-risk patients, particularly those with a history of ESCC. Basel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Tokuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanuma
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneto
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa-Motoya
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinomura
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires