title: Identification and validation of nebulized aerosol devices for sputum induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Induced sputum cell counts are a noninvasive and reliable method for evaluating the presence, type and degree of airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Currently, standard nebulizer devices used for sputum induction in multiple patients are labelled as single-patient devices by the manufacturer, which conflicts with infection prevention and control requirements. As such, these devices cannot feasibly be used in a clinical sputum induction program. Therefore, there is a need to identify alternative nebulizer devices that are either disposable or labelled for multipatient use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To apply validated rigorous, scientific testing methods to identify and validate commercially available nebulizer devices appropriate for use in a clinical sputum induction program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of nebulized aerosol output and size for the selected nebulizer designs followed robust International Organization for Standardization methods. Sputum induction using two of these nebulizers was successfully performed on 10 healthy adult subjects. The cytotechnologist performing sputum cell counts was blinded to the type of nebulizer used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The studied nebulizers had variable aerosol outputs. The AeroNeb Solo (Aerogen, Ireland), Omron NE-U17 (Omron, Japan) and EASYneb II (Flaem Nuova, Italy) systems were found to have similar measurements of aerosol size. There was no significant difference in induced sputum cell results between the AeroNeb Solo and EASYneb II devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for rigorous, scientific evaluation of nebulizer devices for clinical applications, including sputum induction, for measurement of cell counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study was the most comprehensive analysis of different nebulizer devices for sputum induction to measure cell counts, and provides a framework for appropriate evaluation of nebulizer devices for induced sputum testing.
authors.forename: Warren J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: The
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Litoski
authors.forename: Cora
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pieron
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leigh
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002452:Cell Count / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents