title: Occurrence of classic and emerging halogenated flame retardants in sediment and sludge from Ebro and Llobregat river basins (Spain).
abstract: Classic (polybromodiphenyl ethers, PBDEs) and emerging halogenated flame retardants such as hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoetilbenzene (PBEB), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604) and Dechlorane plus (DP) were analyzed in 33 sediments and 7 sludges from two Iberian river basins, Ebro and Llobregat. In sediment samples, PBDE levels ranged between nd and 44.3ng/g dw with BDE-209 being the most abundant congener. Levels of DBDPE and halogenated norbornenes ranged between nd and 31.5ng/g dw and between nq and 3.74ng/g dw, respectively. This is the first study to report halogenated norbornene levels in sediment samples from Spain. PBDE, DBDPE and halogenated norbornene levels in sludge ranged from 13 to 340, nq to 124 and 2.7 to 19ng/g dw, respectively. HBB and PBEB were not detected in any sample. Levels of classic and emerging HFRs were compared. Our results suggest that DBDPE is the most frequently used compound to replace BDE-209, whereas the use of halogenated norbornenes is still low.
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santín
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: eeeqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eljarrat
authors.affiliation: Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: DBDPE; Dechlorane plus; Environmental analysis.; PBDEs