title: Circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 levels, independent of insulin-like growth factor 1, associate with truncal fat and systolic blood pressure in South Asian and white European preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system on growth, adiposity and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in early life in British-born South Asian (SA) and White European (WE) children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) over the first 4 years in 204 healthy SA and WE children was investigated by mixed linear regression modelling. This enabled inclusion of all follow-up observations and adjustment for repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At birth, SA babies were shorter and lighter than WE babies. Over 4 years, SA ethnicity was associated with lower height, weight and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS), higher subscapular/triceps skinfold thickness (Ss/Tr SFT) and lower SBP (all p < 0.01). IGF-1 was associated with greater height (p = 0.03), weight (p < 0.001) and BMI SDS (p < 0.001), and IGFBP-3 with greater weight SDS (p < 0.001), BMI SDS (p = 0.001), Ss/Tr SFT (p = 0.003) and SBP (p = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over this first 4-year period of life, SA ethnicity was associated with being shorter, lighter, having more superficial truncal adiposity and lower SBP. IGFBP-3 (and not IGF-1) was independently associated with both superficial truncal adiposity and SBP, suggesting that IGFBP-3 is a potential metabolic and cardiovascular marker in healthy children in the early years of life.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whatmore
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Narinder
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Avni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: Isla
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gemmell
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oldroyd
authors.forename: J Kennedy
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clayton
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D001208:Asia; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I