title: Systemic administration of Rosmarinus officinalis attenuates the inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in the mouse model of pleurisy.
abstract: Rosmarinus officinalis, also named rosemary, is a native plant from the Mediterranean region that is useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Studies using experimental models and/or in vitro tests have shown the important biological effects of rosemary. In this context, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of rosemary must be investigated to support the discovery of new substances with anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of crude extract oil free obtained from the leaves of rosemary in an animal model of inflammation, thus evaluating its medicinal use for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Also its ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions, as well as its isolated compounds carnosol and rosmarinic acid were analyzed. Swiss mice were used for the in vivo experiments. The effect of this herb on the inhibition of the leukocytes, exudation, myeloperoxidase, and adenosine-deaminase activities, nitrite/nitrate, interleukin 17A, and interleukin 10 levels and mRNA expression was determined. The crude extract and its derived fractions, in addition to its isolated compounds, inhibited leukocytes and decreased exudation and myeloperoxidase and adenosine-deaminase activities, as well as nitrite/nitrate and interleukin 17A levels and mRNA expression, besides increasing interleukin 10 levels and mRNA expression. Rosemary showed important anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting leukocytes and decreasing exudation. These effects were associated with a decrease in the proinflammatory parameters (myeloperoxidase, adenosine-deaminase, nitrite/nitrate, and interleukin 17A) and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 10). This study confirms the anti-inflammatory properties of rosemary and validates its use in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatism and asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Analysis, Centre for Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julia Salvan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.forename: Bruno Matheus
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Facchin
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Mariana Araújo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Gustavo Amadeu
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Micke
authors.forename: Eduardo Monguilhott
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dalmarco
authors.forename: Moacir Geraldo
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pizzolatti
authors.forename: Tânia Silvia
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Fröde
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053630:Depsides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002351:Carrageenan; D002934:Cinnamates; D016207:Cytokines; D053630:Depsides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009195:Peroxidase; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C068623:carnosol