title: Bullying among Jordanian schoolchildren, its effects on school performance, and the contribution of general physical and dentofacial features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to investigate the experience of bullying in a representative sample of Jordanian schoolchildren in Amman, to look at its effect on school attendance and perception of academic performance, and to look at the contribution of general physical and dentofacial features to this phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study in which a representative sample of sixth-grade students (11-12 years of age) from randomly selected schools was asked to complete questionnaires distributed in the classroom in the presence of the researchers. The final sample size was 920 children (470 girls, 450 boys).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of bullying was 47% (n = 433); significantly more boys reported being bullied than girls (P <0.001). The percentage of students subjected to name-calling was 40.9%. A significantly greater proportion of victims of bullying reported playing truant from school and disliking school than those who were not bullied. Teeth were the number 1 feature targeted for bullying, followed by strength and weight. The 3 most commonly reported dentofacial features targeted by bullies were spacing between the teeth or missing teeth, shape or color of the teeth, and prominent maxillary anterior teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated a high prevalence of bullying in Jordanian schools, with many children experiencing bullying because of their dental or facial appearance.
authors.affiliation: Associate professor and head, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Electronic address: z.bitar@ju.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Zaid B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Al-Bitar
authors.forename: Iyad K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Al-Omari
authors.forename: Hawazen N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Sonbol
authors.forename: Hazem T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmad
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D058445:Bullying / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*