title: Effects of nanoporous alumina on inflammatory cell response.
abstract: The present study focuses on the effects of nanoscale porosity on inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. Nanoporous alumina membranes with different pore sizes, 20 and 200 nm in diameter, were used. We first evaluated cell/alumina interactions in vitro by observing adhesion, proliferation, and activation of a murine fibroblast and a macrophage cell line. To investigate the chronic inflammatory response, the membranes were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 2 weeks. Cell recruitment to the site of implantation was determined by histology and the production of cytokines was measured by protein array analysis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that 200 nm pores induced a stronger inflammatory response as compared to the alumina with 20 nm pores. This was observed by an increase in macrophage activation in vitro as well as higher cell recruitment and generation of proinflammatory cytokines around the alumina with 200 nm pores, in vivo. Our results suggest that nanofeatures can be modulated in order to control the inflammatory response to implants.
authors.affiliation: Applied Material Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Shiuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pujari
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoess
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thormann
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heilmann
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Marjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsson-Ott
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D058608:Nanopores
chemical_list: D000537:Aluminum Oxide
keywords: in vivo; inflammation; nanofeatures; nanoporous alumina