title: Simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in Cynthiana grape (Vitis aestivalis) by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols and stilbenes (PAFFS) were isolated from whole grapes, juice, or pomace and purified using enzymatic hydrolysis. Only anthocyanin mono-glucosides and a few of the oligomers from Cynthiana grape (Vitis aestivalis) were analysed. Flavonoid-anthocyanin mono-glucosides (FA) were isolated using methanol/0.1% hydrochloric acid extraction. In addition, crude extractions of phenolic compounds from Cynthiana grape using 50% methanol, 70% methanol, 50% acetone, 0.01% pectinase, or petroleum ether were also evaluated. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector was used to identify phenolic compounds. A method was developed for simultaneous separation, identification and quantification of both PAFFS and FA. Quantification was performed by the internal standard method using a five points regression graph of the UV-visible absorption data collected at the wavelength of maximum absorbance for each analyte. From whole grape samples nine phenolic compounds were tentatively identified and quantified. The individual phenolic compounds content varied from 3 to 875 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight. For juice, twelve phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. The content varied from 0.07 to 910 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight. For pomace, a total of fifteen phenolic compounds were tentatively identified and quantified. The content varied from 2 mg kg⁻¹ to 198 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter. Results from HPLC analysis of the samples showed that gallic acid and (+)-catechin hydrate were the major phenolic compounds in both whole grapes and pomace. Cyanidin and petunidin 3-O-glucoside were the major anthocyanin glucosides in the juice.
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, 106 ANSI Bldg, 126 FAPC, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center, 126 FAPC, Stillwater., OK 74078, United States. Electronic address: lina.ramirez@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Lopez
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McGlynn
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Goad
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mireles Dewitt
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Cynthiana grape; Extraction; HPLC–ESI–MS; Phenolic compounds