title: Exercise effects on adipokines and the IGF axis in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation: A randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has significant deleterious effects on body composition that may be accompanied by unfavourable changes in adipokine levels. While exercise has been shown to improve a number of side effects associated with ADT for prostate cancer, no studies have assessed the effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels, which have been shown to alter the mitogenic environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six men with prostate cancer treated with ADT were randomized to home-based aerobic exercise training or resistance exercise training for 24 weeks. Adiponectin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), in addition to physical activity volume, peak aerobic capacity, and anthropometric measurements, at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistance exercise significantly reduced IGF-1 after 3 months (p = 0.019); however, this change was not maintained at 6 months. At 6 months, IGFBP-3 was significantly increased compared to baseline for the resistance training group (p = 0.044). In an exploratory analysis of all exercisers, favourable changes in body composition and aerobic fitness were correlated with favourable levels of leptin, and favourable leptin:adiponectin and IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratios at 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Home-based exercise is correlated with positive changes in adipokine levels and the IGF-axis that may be related to healthy changes in physical fitness and body composition. While the improvements of adipokine markers appear to be more apparent with resistance training compared to aerobic exercise, these findings must be considered cautiously and require replication from larger randomized controlled trials to clarify the role of exercise on adipokines and IGF-axis proteins for men with prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON; ; York University, Toronto, ON; ; University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto, ON;
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santa Mina
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Shabbir M H
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alibhai
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toren
authors.forename: Crissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guglietti
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Matthew
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trachtenberg
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ritvo