title: The office visit.
abstract: This article summarizes the current office-based evaluation of male infertility and offers speculation, based on current research, on the future evolution of this encounter. A comprehensive history, physical examination, and semen analysis remain paramount to directing the evaluation; however, new advances continue to refine diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Interpretation of the routine semen analysis as well as adjunctive assessments, including reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) are discussed. The analysis of genetic and endocrine abnormalities is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800422, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Coward
authors.forename: Larry I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
mesh_terms: D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D009819:Office Visits; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000175:diagnosis; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations; D058533:Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development
chemical_list: D010907:Pituitary Hormones
keywords: Assisted reproductive technology; Male infertility; Men’s health; Semen analysis