title: Slowly released molasses barrier system for controlling nitrate plumes in groundwater: a pilot-scale tank study.
abstract: A well-type barrier system containing solidified molasses as a reactive medium was developed to promote the indigenous denitrifying activity and to treat nitrate plumes in groundwater. Three slowly released molasses (SRM) barrier systems harboring 60, 120, and 120 SRM rods, which were named System A, B, and C, respectively, were operated to examine nitrate removal efficiency in a pilot-scale sandy tank. These SRM systems induced a consistent removal of nitrate without pore clogging and hydraulic disturbance during the test period. The initial nitrate concentration was 142mgL(-1), and the concentrations decreased by 80%, 84%, and 79% in System A, B, and C, respectively. In particular, System C was inoculated with heterotrophic denitrifiers, but the nitrate removal efficiency was not enhanced compared to System B, probably due to the prior existence of indigenous denitrifiers in the sandy tank. The presence of nitrite reductase-encoding gene (i.e. nirK) at the site was confirmed by denatured gradient gel electrophoresis analysis.
authors.affiliation: Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Sun
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyuyeon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kpnam@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyoungphile
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D058440:Denitrification; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D008965:Molasses; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D009572:Nitrite Reductases / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009572:Nitrite Reductases
keywords: Heterotrophic denitrification; Nitrate; Nitrite reductase; Slowly released molasses