title: Influence of chemical degradation on the surface properties of nano restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of chemical degradation on the surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (Knoop hardness number [KHN]) of nano restorative materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disc-shaped specimens (5-mm diameter; 2-mm thick) of Filtek Z350 and TPH Spectrum composites and the Vitremer and Ketac Nano light-curing glass ionomer cements were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 hours, polishing procedures were performed and initial measurements of Ra and KHN were taken. The specimens were divided into 12 groups (n=10) according to material and storage media: artificial saliva, orange juice, and Coca-Cola. After 30 days of storage, the specimens were reevaluated for Ra and KHN. The pH values of the storage media were measured weekly. Data were tested for significant differences by repeated-measures three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Composites were found to present lower roughness values and higher hardness values than the ionomeric materials under all storage conditions. After degradation, the KHN of all experimental samples decreased significantly, while the Ra of the ionomeric materials increased, depending on the media, with a markedly negative impact of Coca-Cola and orange juice. There was no difference among the storage media for Filtek Z350 with regard to the KHN values. Nanofillers did not show any influence on the roughness and hardness of resin-modified glass ionomer cements and resin composites concerning their degradation resistance.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: S B P
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: de Fúcio
authors.forename: R C B
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: G M B
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Puppin-Rontani
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019554:Dental Restoration Wear; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000378:metabolism*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D049329:Nanostructures; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000378:metabolism*; D013499:Surface Properties; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; C467914:TPH spectrum; C084550:Vitremer; C533204:filtek Z350; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; C040235:Ketac-cem; D015034:Zinc Oxide