title: Rotavirus vaccination in Brazil: effectiveness and health impact seven years post-introduction.
abstract: Before vaccine introduction in Brazil, rotavirus caused approximately 650,000 outpatient visits, 92,000 hospitalizations and 850 deaths annually among children aged <5 years. Brazil was one of the first countries to introduce rotavirus vaccination into the National Immunisation Program (NIP), in 2006, but estimated coverage (87.1%) for 2011 remained lower if compared with other routine immunizations (95%). Case-control studies reached effectiveness rates as high as 85%. Observational studies showed a significant reduction in gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations and deaths among children aged <1 year, at rates as high as 48 and 54%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the relative prevalence of G2P[4] genotype after vaccine introduction, reaching 100% of strains in some settings. A small increase in intussusception incidence was seen within 1 week following the second vaccine dose, but benefits far outweigh any potential risk. This article provides an in-depth review of postlicensure studies conducted in Brazil 7-year postintroduction.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Evandro Chagas, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Linhares
authors.forename: Maria Cleonice A
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Justino
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D006291:Health Policy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D015994:Incidence; D007443:Intussusception / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines