title: Factors associated with physical and cognitive fatigue in patients with Crohn's disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatigue commonly impairs quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of fatigue in CD (compared with ulcerative colitis [UC] and healthy controls) and to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with global, physical, and cognitive dimensions of fatigue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinic attendees with confirmed CD or UC and healthy volunteers were surveyed on fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale, FIS), psychological comorbidity, sleep quality, medication, and other clinical information. A CD subgroup also completed a similar follow-up survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 379 responders (181 CD, 113 UC, and 85 controls), global, physical, and cognitive FIS scores were highest in CD followed by UC and controls (P < 0.01), with a prevalence of global fatigue (total FIS ≥ 40) in 57% of CD patients. On multivariate analysis, concurrently active disease, poor sleep quality, and mental illness were significantly associated with all the 3 fatigue dimensions: regular vitamin B group supplementation was inversely associated with physical fatigue in the CD cohort and those of older age or with previous resection(s) (P = 0.05) were independently associated with cognitive fatigue only. Longitudinally in CD, fatigue scores remained constant between original and follow-up surveys (mean change in total FIS score +0.9; 95% confidence interval, -4.6 to 6.3). Factors independently associated with improved physical fatigue between surveys included avoidance of corticosteroids and establishment of regular exercise and with improved cognitive fatigue included cessation of immunomodulator therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatigue is highly prevalent and more severe in CD. Anticipated and novel associations with improvement of physical and/or cognitive fatigue were identified, offering clues to potential therapeutic approaches to ameliorating fatigue for clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Health Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: van Langenberg
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult