title: Effects of garlic oil on pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the preventive and therapeutic potential of garlic oil on human pancreatic carcinoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to study the effects of garlic oil on three human pancreatic cancer cell lines, AsPC-1, Mia PaCa-2 and PANC-1. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), staining with PI and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI), respectively. Morphologic changes of pancreatic cancer cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after treatment with garlic oil at low inhibitory concentrations (2.5 μM and 10 μM) for 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proliferation of the AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells was obviously inhibited in the first 24 hours with the MTT assay. The inhibition effect was more significant after 48 hours. When cells were exposed to garlic oil at higher concentrations, an early change of the apoptotic tendency was detected by FCM and TEM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Garlic oil could inhibit the proliferation of AsPC-1, PANC-1, and Mia PaCa-2 cells in this study. Moreover, due to programmed cell death, cell cycle arrest, or both, pro-apoptosis effects on AsPC-1 cells were induced by garlic oil in a dose and time dependent manner in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China E-mail : tangzeyao@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xy
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Hy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zy
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xr
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hc
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zy
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils