title: Acute improvement in hemodynamic control after osteopathic manipulative treatment in the third trimester of pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, including increased blood volume and cardiac output, can affect hemodynamic control, most profoundly with positional changes that affect venous return to the heart. By using Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT), a body-based modality theorized to affect somatic structures related to nervous and circulatory systems, we hypothesized that OMT acutely improves both autonomic and hemodynamic control during head-up tilt and heel raise in women at 30 weeks gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred subjects were recruited at 30 weeks gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The obstetric clinics of UNTHealth in Fort Worth, TX.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized into one of three treatment groups: OMT, placebo ultrasound, or time control. Ninety subjects had complete data (N=25, 31 and 34 in each group respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during 5 min of head-up tilt followed by 4 min of intermittent heel raising.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate or heart rate variability were observed between groups with tilt before or after treatment (p>0.36), and heart rate variability was not different between treatment groups (p>0.55). However, blood pressure increased significantly (p=0.02) and heart rate decreased (p<0.01) during heel raise after OMT compared to placebo or time control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that OMT can acutely improve hemodynamic control during engagement of the skeletal muscle pump and this was most likely due to improvement of structural restrictions to venous return.
authors.affiliation: Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States. Electronic address: kendi.hensel@unthsc.edu.
authors.forename: Kendi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hensel
authors.forename: Christina F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Pacchia
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D026301:Manipulation, Osteopathic / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D018667:Tilt-Table Test; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Blood pressure; Hypotension; Muscle pump; Osteopathic manipulation; Tilt