title: Identification of putative ortholog gene blocks involved in gestant and lactating mammary gland development: a rodent cross-species microarray transcriptomics approach.
abstract: The mammary gland (MG) undergoes functional and metabolic changes during the transition from pregnancy to lactation, possibly by regulation of conserved genes. The objective was to elucidate orthologous genes, chromosome clusters and putative conserved transcriptional modules during MG development. We analyzed expression of 22,000 transcripts using murine microarrays and RNA samples of MG from virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats by cross-species hybridization. We identified 521 transcripts differentially expressed; upregulated in early (78%) and midpregnancy (89%) and early lactation (64%), but downregulated in mid-lactation (61%). Putative orthologous genes were identified. We mapped the altered genes to orthologous chromosomal locations in human and mouse. Eighteen sets of conserved genes associated with key cellular functions were revealed and conserved transcription factor binding site search entailed possible coregulation among all eight block sets of genes. This study demonstrates that the use of heterologous array hybridization for screening of orthologous gene expression from rat revealed sets of conserved genes arranged in chromosomal order implicated in signaling pathways and functional ontology. Results demonstrate the utilization power of comparative genomics and prove the feasibility of using rodent microarrays to identification of putative coexpressed orthologous genes involved in the control of human mammary gland development.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Medical Research in Nutrition, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06725 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors.forename: Ramón M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Coral-Vázquez
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernández-Stengele
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Muñoz
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Encarnación-Guevara
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Salcedo