title: Disruption of the microtubule network alters cellulose deposition and causes major changes in pectin distribution in the cell wall of the green alga, Penium margaritaceum.
abstract: Application of the dintroaniline compound, oryzalin, which inhibits microtubule formation, to the unicellular green alga Penium margaritaceum caused major perturbations to its cell morphology, such as swelling at the wall expansion zone in the central isthmus region. Cell wall structure was also notably altered, including a thinning of the inner cellulosic wall layer and a major disruption of the homogalacturonan (HG)-rich outer wall layer lattice. Polysaccharide microarray analysis indicated that the oryzalin treatment resulted in an increase in HG abundance in treated cells but a decrease in other cell wall components, specifically the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The ring of microtubules that characterizes the cortical area of the cell isthmus zone was significantly disrupted by oryzalin, as was the extensive peripheral network of actin microfilaments. It is proposed that the disruption of the microtubule network altered cellulose production, the main load-bearing component of the cell wall, which in turn affected the incorporation of HG in the two outer wall layers, suggesting coordinated mechanisms of wall polymer deposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Domozych
authors.forename: Iben
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brechka
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreas
authors.forename: Jonatan U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Fangel
authors.forename: Jocelyn K C
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: William G T
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Willats
authors.forename: Zoë A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Popper
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D013424:Sulfanilamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013424:Sulfanilamides; C042491:rhamnogalacturonan I; C012465:oryzalin; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C020668:glycanase; C003181:polygalacturonic acid
keywords: Cellulose; Penium.; homogalacturonan; microtubule; oryzalin; pectin