title: Recurrent spontaneous abortions, Hashimoto thyroiditis and alopecia totalis: response to anticoagulation and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although numerous studies indicated a link between antithyroid antibodies and recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), consensus on the treatment of this condition is still lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a 35-year-old pregnant woman (gestation week 4) with primary hypothyroidism, total alopecia, high level of positive antithyroid antibodies, and history of two recurrent spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy. Along with L-thyroxin substitution, intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIg) combined with anticoagulation and antiaggregation therapy was introduced. During pregnancy her scalp hair completely re-grew, and following gestation week 39 she delivered healthy female child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid antibodies could contribute to previous recurrent abortions in our patient. It is suggested that in older primiparas with Hashimoto thyroiditis and history of RSA, a combined treatment with IVIg, anticoagulation and antiaggregation therapy should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia and.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bozic Antic
authors.forename: Djuro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macut
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isailovic
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petakov
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ognjanovic
authors.forename: Svetozar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Damjanovic
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000505:Alopecia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D013974:Thyroxine