title: Influence of solvents and composition of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems on the nanoleakage within the hybrid layer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to evaluate nanoleakage within the hybrid layer yielded by etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems, with different solvents and compositions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four adhesives were applied onto 20 human dentin disks: group A: Adper Scotchbond 1XT(™) (3M ESPE), group B: One Coat Bond(®) (Coltène Whaledent), group C: AdheSE(®) (Ivoclar Vivadent) and group D: Xeno-V(®) (Dentsply). The samples were immersed in aqueous ammoniacal silver nitrate for 24 hour, prepared and observed under field-emission scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electrons. Microphotographs were scanned and data were processed. The mean value and standard deviation were calculated. Kruskal- Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the adhesives showed nanoleakage within the hybrid layer: Adper Scotchbond 1XT(™) (218.5 µm ± 52.6 µm), One Coat Bond(®) (139.6 µm ± 79.0 µm), AdheSE(®) (92.7 µm ± 64.8 µm) and Xeno-V(®) (251.0 µm ± 85.2 µm). AdheSE(®) yielded less nanoleakage than Adper Scotchbond-1XT(™) (p = 0.003) and than Xeno-V(®) (p = 0.007). No other statistically significant differences were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-step self-etch adhesive system (AdheSE(®)) might contribute for lower nanoleakage deposition and thus better performance in dentin adhesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two-step self-etch adhesive system showed the lowest nanoleakage deposition compared with the other adhesive systems evaluated, which seems to indicate a better behavior when a restoration is performed in dentin and possibly can lead to a durable adhesion along time.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry University of Porto, Portugal, e-mail: jcferreira@fmd.up.pt.
authors.forename: Joao Cardoso
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Patricia Teixeira
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Alvaro Ferreira
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Sofia Arantes
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Paulo Ribeiro
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Mario Jorge
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D016622:Silver Staining; D016369:Smear Layer; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D020002:tert-Butyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C489662:AdheSE cement; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; C426984:One Coat Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; D012997:Solvents; C575872:Xeno V; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; C041330:Scotchbond; D020002:tert-Butyl Alcohol