title: Examining the efficacy of a personalized normative feedback intervention to reduce college student gambling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a stand-alone personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention targeting misperceptions of gambling among college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Undergraduates (N = 136; 55% male) who reported gambling in the past 30 days were recruited between September 2011 and March 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a randomized clinical trial design, participants were assigned to receive either PNF or an attention control task. In addition to self-report, this study used 2 computer-based risk tasks framed as "gambling opportunities" to assess cognitive and behavioral change at 1 week post intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 week, participants receiving PNF showed a marked decrease in perception of other students' gambling, and evinced lower risk-taking performance on 2 analog measures of gambling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in both self-reported perceived norms and analog gambling behavior suggest that a single, stand-alone PNF intervention may modify gambling among college students. Whether it can impact gambling outside of the laboratory remains untested.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Binghamton University (State University of New York) , Binghamton , New York.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Celio
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lisman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D032763:Behavior Control / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057566:Self Report; D066262:Social Norms; D012938:Social Perception; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult