title: Prevalence and diversity of Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Central Europe.
abstract: From 2011 to 2012, the occurrence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. was surveyed at 29 randomly selected localities (both forest areas and enclosures) across four Central European countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, and the Slovak Republic. Isolates were genotyped by PCR amplification and characterization of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon-specific protocols. PCR revealed 16 mono-infections of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, 33 mono-infections of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and 5 concurrent infections of both Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Enterocytozoon bieneusi out of 460 faecal samples. Two genotypes (I and II) were revealed by sequence analysis of the ITS region of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Eleven genotypes, five previously found in other hosts including domestic pigs (D, EbpA, EbpC, G and Henan-I) and six novel (WildBoar1-6), were identified in Enterocytozoon bieneusi. No other microsporidia infection was found in the examined faecal samples. Prevalence of microsporidia at the locality level ranged from 0 to 58.8 %; the prevalence was less than 25 % at more than 86 % of localities. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected as a predominant species infecting Eurasian wild boars (Sus scrofa). The present report is the most comprehensive survey of microsporidia infections in wild boars within the Czech Republic and selected Central European countries.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Němejc
authors.forename: Bohumil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sak
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Květoňová
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hanzal
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janiszewski
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forejtek
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rajský
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotková
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravaszová
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kváč
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D009670:Encephalitozoon cuniculi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016890:Encephalitozoonosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D021862:Enterocytozoon / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D018154:Slovakia / Q000453:epidemiology; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology*