title: Clinical and ultrasonographic measurement of liver size in normal children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the normal range of dimensions of liver in children of various age groups and to compare the liver measurement obtained by palpation-percussion, auscultation and ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional comparative study in which 500 normal (weight for height between ± 2 SD of WHO standards for children aged less than 5 y and BMI between ± 2 SD of WHO standards for children aged more than 5 y) children (0-15 y) divided in 5 age groups (100 in each age group). Subjects were enroled from normal hospital delivery neonates, children visiting immunization and well baby clinics, children visiting outpatient and inpatient department with minor illnesses and healthy school children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normal range of dimensions of liver in children were estimated and percentile tables of liver size were established. Though the measurements obtained by clinical methods were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those obtained by ultrasonography, there was a strong correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic measurement. Palpation-percussion method could estimate the liver size within ± 1.0 cm of what was obtained by ultrasonography in 88 % of cases. In more than half of the study children (54.2 %), this estimation was within ± 0.5 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical methods of liver span estimation strongly correlate with ultrasonographic measurement. The performance of palpation-percussion method is better than that of auscultation. Clinical methods should continue to be used for the estimation of liver size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal, pujaamatya@pahs.edu.np.
authors.forename: Puja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amatya
authors.forename: Dheeraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nisha K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bhatta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010173:Palpation; D010474:Percussion; D014463:Ultrasonography