title: General approach for introduction of various chemical labels in specific RNA locations based on insertion of amino linkers.
abstract: Introduction of reporter groups at designed RNA sites is a widely accepted approach to gain information about the molecular environment of RNAs in their complexes with other biopolymers formed during various cellular processes. A general approach to obtain RNAs bearing diverse reporter groups at designed locations is based on site-specific insertion of groups containing primary aliphatic amine functions (amino linkers) with their subsequent selective derivatization by appropriate chemicals. This article is a brief review on methods for site-specific introduction of amino linkers in different RNAs. These methods comprise: (i) incorporation of a nucleoside carrying an amino-linker or a function that can be substituted with it into oligoribonucleotides in the course of their chemical synthesis; (ii) assembly of amino linker-containing RNAs from short synthetic fragments via their ligation; (iii) synthesis of amino linker-modified RNAs using T7 RNA polymerase; (iv) insertion of amino linkers into unmodified RNAs at functional groups of a certain type such as the 5'-phosphates and N7 of guanosine residues and (v) introduction of an amino linker into long highly structured RNAs exploiting an approach based on sequence-specific modification of nucleic acids. Particular reporter groups used for derivatization of amino linker-containing RNAs together with types of RNA derivatives obtained and fields of their application are presented.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Ribosome Structure and Functions, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. karpova@niboch.nsc.ru.
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graifer
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karpova
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D012313:RNA / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D014764:Viral Proteins; D012313:RNA; C062210:bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases