title: Novel and emerging nonpositive airway pressure therapies for sleep apnea.
abstract: CPAP therapy has remained the standard of care for the treatment of sleep apnea for nearly 4 decades. Its overall effectiveness, however, has been limited by incomplete adherence despite many efforts to improve comfort. Conventional alternative therapies include oral appliances and upper airway surgeries. Recently, several innovative alternatives to CPAP have been developed. These novel approaches include means to increase arousal thresholds, electrical nerve stimulation, oral vacuum devices, and nasal expiratory resistive devices. We will review the physiologic mechanisms and the current evidence for these novel treatments.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: park.john@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gay
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D006801:Humans; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014618:Vacuum