title: Analgesic Effects of Intravenous Ketamine during Spinal Anesthesia in Pregnant Women Undergone Caesarean Section; A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suitable analgesia after cesarean section helps mothers to be more comfortable and increases their mobility and ability to take better care of their infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Pain relief properties of ketamine prescription were assessed in women with elective cesarean section who underwent spinal anesthesia with low dose intravenous ketamine and midazolam and intravenous midazolam alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty pregnant women scheduled for spinal anesthesia for cesarean section were randomized into two study groups. Ketamine (30 mg) + midazolam (1 mg = 2CC) or 1mg midazolam (2CC) alone, was given immediately after spinal anesthesia. Pain scores at first, second and third hours after CS operation, analgesic requirement and drug adverse effects were recorded in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ketamine group had significant pain relief properties in compare with control group in first hours after cesarean section (0.78 ± 1.09 vs. 1.72 ± 1.22, VAS score, P = 0.00). Total dose of meperidine consumption in women of ketamine group was significantly lower than women of control group (54.17 ± 12.86 vs. 74.44 ± 33.82 mg, P = 0.02). There were no significant drug side effects in participated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous low-dose ketamine combined with midazolam for sedation during spinal anesthesia for elective Caesarean section provides more effective and long lasting pain relief than control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Shekoufeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behdad
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hajiesmaeili
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ayatollahi
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khadiv
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sedaghat
keywords: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Ketamine; Pain Clinics