title: The effect of simvastatin-loaded polymeric microspheres in a critical size bone defect in the rabbit calvaria.
abstract: The present study describes the development of a microsphere capsule based on polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) loaded with simvastatin that was subsequently incorporated into synthetic bone cement. The osteogenic effect of simvastatin-loaded bone cement was in a critical sized defect in vivo to test the hypothesis the biologic response would be different depending on the dosage of simvastatin applied to bone cement. Our results showed that simvastatin loaded PLGA microspheres can be successfully obtained through O/W emulsion/solvent evaporation method with appropriate morphologic characteristics and high encapsulation efficiency for incorporation in bone cements. The biodegradable characteristic of the microspheres successfully presented a slow release and the duration of the release lasted for more than 1 month. The in vivo experiment revealed that the microspheres containing simvastatin significantly enhanced bone formation in the rabbit calvaria critical size defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terukina
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiology, Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kozai
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandeweghe
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tagami
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: ryo.jimbo@mah.se.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002214:Capsules; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004655:Emulsions; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008863:Microspheres; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011817:Rabbits; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D002214:Capsules; D004655:Emulsions; D012997:Solvents; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: Bone substitutions; Critical sized defect; PLGA microspheres; Simvastatin