title: Overlap in nitrogen sources and redistribution of nitrogen between trees and grasses in a semi-arid savanna.
abstract: A key question in savanna ecology is how trees and grasses coexist under N limitation. We used N stable isotopes and N content to study N source partitioning across seasons from trees and associated grasses in a semi-arid savanna. We also used (15)N tracer additions to investigate possible redistribution of N by trees to grasses. Foliar stable N isotope ratio (δ(15)N) values were consistent with trees and grasses using mycorrhiza-supplied N in all seasons except in the wet season when they switched to microbially fixed N. The dependence of trees and grasses on mineralized soil N seemed highly unlikely based on seasonal variation in mineralization rates in the Kruger Park region. Remarkably, foliar δ(15)N values were similar for all three tree species differing in the potential for N fixation through nodulation. The tracer experiment showed that N was redistributed by trees to understory grasses in all seasons. Our results suggest that the redistribution of N from trees to grasses and uptake of N was independent of water redistribution. Although there is overlap of N sources between trees and grasses, dependence on biological sources of N coupled with redistribution of subsoil N by trees may contribute to the coexistence of trees and grasses in semi-arid savannas.
authors.affiliation: Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, priya.kvr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K V R
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Priyadarshini
authors.forename: Herbert H T
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: Ignas M A
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Heitkönig
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woodborne
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gort
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirkman
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Kroon
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D006109:Poaceae / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013019:South Africa; D014197:Trees / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D012987:Soil; D009584:Nitrogen