title: A novel Cry9Aa with increased toxicity for Spodoptera exigua (Hübner).
abstract: Cry9Aa, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is reported to be not active against Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm). In this study we have cloned a new cry9Aa5 gene encoding a protoxin with increased activity against S. exigua as compared to Cry9Aa1. When aligned to Cry9Aa1, four amino acid substitutions in domain I and one substitution in the C-terminal protein extension of Cry9Aa5 were identified. Toxicity of Cry9Aa5, produced in recombinant Escherichia coli was assessed and compared to the activity of Cry9Aa1, produced under the same conditions.
authors.affiliation: University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: naimov0@uni-plovdiv.bg.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naimov
authors.affiliation: University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Radostina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nedyalkova
authors.affiliation: University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Staykov
authors.affiliation: Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weemen-Hendriks
authors.affiliation: University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Minkov
authors.affiliation: Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruud A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Maagd
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry9Aa5; Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)