title: The mitochondrial C16069T polymorphism, not mitochondrial D310 (D-loop) mononucleotide sequence variations, is associated with bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder cancer is a relatively common and potentially life-threatening neoplasm that ranks ninth in terms of worldwide cancer incidence. The aim of this study was to determine deletions and sequence variations in the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) region from the blood specimens and tumoral tissues of patients with bladder cancer, compared to adjacent non-tumoral tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DNA from blood, tumoral tissues and adjacent non-tumoral tissues of twenty-six patients with bladder cancer and DNA from blood of 504 healthy controls from different ethnicities were investigated to determine sequence variation in the mitochondrial D-loop region using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and southern blotting analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 110 variations, 48 were reported as new mutations. No deletions were detected in tumoral tissues, adjacent non-tumoral tissues and blood samples from patients. Although the polymorphisms at loci 16189, 16261 and 16311 were not significantly correlated with bladder cancer, the C16069T variation was significantly present in patient samples compared to control samples (p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) of C variations, including C7TC6, C8TC6, C9TC6 and C10TC6, in D310 mitochondrial DNA between patients and control samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that 16069 mitochondrial DNA D-Loop mutations may play a significant role in the etiology of bladder cancer and facilitate the definition of carcinogenesis-related mutations in human cancer.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shakhssalim
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran. massoudh@nigeb.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houshmand
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kamalidehghan
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faraji
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarhangnejad
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dadgar
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mobaraki
authors.forename: Rozita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosli
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sanati