title: New whole-body multimodality imaging of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis combining fluorescence imaging with ICG-labeled antibody and MRI in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal metastasis is the most frequent pattern of recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer. However, such a recurrence is difficult to detect by conventional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at an early stage. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic imaging for peritoneal metastasis, we developed a new type of multimodality imaging combining fluorescence imaging with near-infrared fluorophore (NIR)-labeled antibodies and MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dual optical imaging of peritoneal metastasis was carried out using luciferase-tagged gastric cancer cell lines and XenoLight CF750 or indocyanine green (ICG)-labeled anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or CEA antibody as a probe in mice with Ivis in vivo imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This whole-body fluorescent imaging system sensitively detected metastatic foci <1 mm in diameter in the peritoneal cavity noninvasively. Fluorescence imaging proved to be specific because the fluorescence signal was abolished by blocking with excess unlabeled antibody. Although this fluorescence imaging had higher sensitivity for detection of small-sized peritoneal metastases than MRI, it proved difficult to accurately determine organ distribution of the metastasis. We thus developed a multimodality imaging system by the fusion of the three-dimensional fluorescence image with the MRI image and demonstrated its improved diagnostic accuracy over either method alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that multimodality imaging consisting of fluorescence imaging with NIR-labeled EGFR or CEA antibody and MRI allows sensitive, specific, and anatomically accurate detection of peritoneal metastasis noninvasively at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Hayao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D007208:Indocyanine Green