title: Ultrasound-guided steroid injection in the treatment of stump neuroma: pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stump neuroma is a major cause of postamputation pain. Ultrasound is a practical way of imaging stump neuromas and can be employed for guiding therapeutic injections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided steroid injection in the treatment of stump neuroma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The amputee patients with stump neuroma who underwent a single ultrasound guided steroid injection in amputee rehabilitation unit of our hospital were reviewed. The pain logs employing a 11-point pain scale for each evaluation time (before the procedure, one day, one week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks after procedure) and a subsequent phone call approximately six months after procedure were used as the source of information in the study. Mean changes in pain levels (pain in rest and pain with prosthesis) over time were evaluated. The patients that had 50% decrease in pain scores were regarded as having treated successfully. Time after amputation and duration of pain symptom were compared between successfully (Group A) and unsuccessfully (Group B) treated patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients (mean age, 29.7 ± 5.5 year) in the study were male (n=14). 12 patients were transtibial amputee (85.7%) and 2 patients were transfemoral amputee (14.3%). Both mean pain scores improved significantly in repeated measures (pain in rest F=25.35, p< 0.01; pain with prosthesis F=81,45, p <0,01). A total of 7 patients (50%) were regarded as having treated successfully. Time after amputation and duration of pain symptom were significantly longer in Group B. (p< 0.05, Group A: 16.8 ± 14.3 months after amputation, 3.5 ± 4.1 months pain duration; Group B: 80.2 ± 74.2 months after amputation, 52.8 ± 57.6 months pain duration).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid injection may have positive effect in the treatment of postamputation neuroma. The patients with shorter pain and amputation duration may respond well to the injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesikburun
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yaşar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dede
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Göktepe
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Turkish Armed Forces Rehabilitation Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arif Kenan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000672:Amputation Stumps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009463:Neuroma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D001623:Betamethasone
keywords: Amputation; neuroma; ultrasound-guided injection