title: Subclinical cardiovascular disease is associated with a high glomerular filtration rate in the nondiabetic general population.
abstract: A reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, evidence indicates that a high GFR may also be a cardiovascular risk factor. This issue remains unresolved due to a lack of longitudinal studies of manifest cardiovascular disease with precise GFR measurements. Here, we performed a cross-sectional study of the relationship between high GFR measured as iohexol clearance and subclinical cardiovascular disease in the Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey in Tromsø 6 (RENIS-T6), a representative sample of the middle-aged general population. A total of 1521 persons without cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or micro- or macroalbuminuria were examined with carotid ultrasonography and electrocardiography. The GFR in the highest quartile was associated with an increased odds ratio of having total carotid plaque area greater than the median of non-zero values (odds ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.39) or electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (odds ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.38) compared to the lowest quartile. The analyses were adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, urinary albumin excretion, and fasting serum glucose. Thus, high GFR is associated with carotid atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy and should be investigated as a possible risk factor for manifest cardiovascular disease in longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway [3] Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Maja-Lisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Løchen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjell A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Arntzen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Britt-Ann W
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Eilertsen
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: von Hanno
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herder
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Trond G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jenssen
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ulla D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Mathisen
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Toralf
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Melsom
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Njølstad
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Solbu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway [2] Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ellisiv B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007472:Iohexol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007472:Iohexol