title: Investigation on the inclusion and toxicity of acriflavine with cyclodextrins: a spectroscopic approach.
abstract: Acriflavine hydrochloride (AFN) is a prospective drug worn in the eradication of HIV1 infection. The toxicity and adverse side effects renders the potent drug to limits its usage. However, to overcome the dilemma we have aimed to select carriers with great complexation efficiencies in different cyclodextrins (CDs) of varying cavity size. The interaction of AFN with α, β and γ-CDs were investigated using absorption and steady state as well as lifetime measurements. From the obtained data it was found that AFN fits in the cavity of α and β-CDs but unable to form inclusion complex with γ-CD. The effect of quencher molecules during the inclusion phenomena of AFN with CDs was explored via steady state measurements. The nature of binding forces responsible for the inclusion of AFN with CDs was discussed by using thermodynamic parameters. Using Benesi-Hildebrand equation the stoichiometry of AFN with CDs was predominantly found to be 1:1. To get deeper in situ, the in vitro toxicity of AFN and its complexation product were probed by Artemia salina sp. The toxicity of AFN was reduced when complexed with α and β-CDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode 637215, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manivannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meenakshi Sundaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundararaman
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India. Electronic address: rrengas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renganathan
mesh_terms: D000167:Acriflavine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013816:Thermodynamics; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000167:Acriflavine
keywords: Acriflavine; Artemia salina; Cyclodextrins