title: Primary repair of cleft lip and nasal deformity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the relevant anatomy and embryology that contribute to the cleft lip and nasal deformity. 2. Differentiate among the various forms of cleft lip, including microform, minor form, incomplete, complete, and bilateral. 3. List the options for presurgical infant orthopedics. 4. Describe the techniques and the expected outcomes of primary cleft lip and nasal repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors describe cleft lip and its surgical management. They address the anatomy, forms, techniques, and outcomes of this complex and challenging deformity.
authors.affiliation: Pittsburgh, Pa.; and Columbus, Ohio From Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh; and Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kirschner
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Losee
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*