title: Meaningful improvement in walking performance after Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) in chronic spastic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) may reduce lower limb spasticity but its role in improving walking ability remains to be established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of simultaneous BoNT-A injections into several targeted spastic muscles of different joints on gait speed and on functional gains in gait performance in chronic stroke and MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients affected by stroke or multiple sclerosis were tested before, one and three months after BoNT-A administration. Gait was evaluated by the 10 Meter Walk Test; patients were stratified into functional ambulation classes accordingly. Spasticity was assessed using the modified Ashworth Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At final assessment, spasticity was reduced in hip adductors and ankle plantar-flexors, gait speed improved and, 1/3rd of patients transitioned to a higher ambulation class. The pre-post difference in Level of Spasticity of the hips was a predictor for an increase in gait speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A meaningful improvement in walking performance can be obtained in chronic spastic patients after BoNT-A injection into several muscles, specifically the hip adductors.
authors.affiliation: U.O.P. Professioni della Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze Cognitive, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cioncoloni
authors.affiliation: U.O.P. Professioni della Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.affiliation: U.O.P. Professioni della Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bielli
authors.affiliation: S.C. Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Annunziata
authors.affiliation: S.C. Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzocchio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: BoNT-A; Botulinum Neurotoxin A; gait; spasticity