title: A new platform for sensing urinary morphine based on carrier assisted electromembrane extraction followed by adsorptive stripping voltammetric detection on screen-printed electrode.
abstract: Electromembrane extraction (EME) coupled with electrochemical detection on screen-printed carbon electrode has been developed for the quantification of morphine in urine samples. Charged morphine molecules were extracted from an aqueous sample by applying an electrical potential through a thin supported liquid membrane (SLM) into an acidic aqueous acceptor solution (20 µL) placed inside the lumen of a hollow fiber. Then, the acceptor solution was mixed with 20 µL of NaOH solution (0.1 M) and analyzed using screen printed electrochemical strip. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) peak current at 0.18 V was selected as the signal and the influences of experimental parameters were investigated and optimized using Box-behnken design and also one-variable-at-a-time methodology as follows: adsorptive accumulation time, 40 s; SLM, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether+10% tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate+10% di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate; pH of the sample solution, 6.0; pH of the acceptor solution, 1.0; EME time, 24 min; EME potential, 90 V and stirring rate, 1000 rpm. The calibration curve which was plotted by the variation of DPV currents as a function of morphine concentration was linear within the range of 0.005-2.0 µg mL(-1). The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.0015 (S/N=3) and 0.005 µg mL(-1), respectively. Finally, the proposed method was able to determine morphine simply and effectively at concentration levels encountered in toxicology and doping.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19839-4716, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19839-4716, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tabani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19839-4716, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hossein Koruni
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19839-4716, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ss-hosseiny@cc.sbu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Saied Saeed Hosseiny
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Davarani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19839-4716, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: a-zavareh@sbu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fakhari
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000652:urine*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D004987:Ethers / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: C519952:2-nitrophenyl octyl ether; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004987:Ethers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009020:Morphine
keywords: Box–Behnken design; Carrier assisted electromembrane extraction; Electrochemical determination; Morphine; Screen printed electrode