title: Chlorogenic acid and coffee prevent hypoxia-induced retinal degeneration.
abstract: This study explored whether chlorogenic acid (CGA) and coffee have protective effects against retinal degeneration. Under hypoxic conditions, the viability of transformed retinal ganglion (RGC-5) cells was significantly reduced by treatment with the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). However, pretreatment with CGA attenuated cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, CGA prevented the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins such as Bad and cleaved caspase-3. Similar beneficial effects of both CGA and coffee extracts were observed in mice that had undergone an optic nerve crush (ONC) procedure. CGA and coffee extract reduced cell death by preventing the down-regulation of Thy-1. Our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that coffee and its major component, CGA, significantly reduce apoptosis of retinal cells induced by hypoxia and NO, and that coffee consumption may help in preventing retinal degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States.
authors.forename: Holim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Hong Ryul
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Kyung-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Chang Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D003069:Coffee; C409929:O 1057; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid
keywords: RGC-5; chlorogenic acid; coffee; glaucoma; hypoxia; neuroprotection; retinal degeneration