title: Motor skills training promotes motor functional recovery and induces synaptogenesis in the motor cortex and striatum after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.
abstract: We investigated the effects of motor skills training on several types of motor function and synaptic plasticity following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with collagenase into the left striatum to induce ICH, and they were randomly assigned to the ICH or sham groups. Each group was divided into the motor skills training (acrobatic training) and control (no exercise) groups. The acrobatic group performed acrobatic training from 4 to 28 days after surgery. Motor functions were assessed by motor deficit score, the horizontal ladder test and the wide or narrow beam walking test at several time points after ICH. The number of ΔFosB-positive cells was counted using immunohistochemistry to examine neuronal activation, and the PSD95 protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting to examine synaptic plasticity in the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and striata at 14 and 29 days after ICH. Motor skills training following ICH significantly improved gross motor function in the early phase after ICH and skilled motor coordinated function in the late phase. The number of ΔFosB-positive cells in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex in the acrobatic group significantly increased compared to the control group. PSD95 protein expression in the motor cortex significantly increased in the late phase, and in the striatum, the protein level significantly increased in the early phase by motor skills training after ICH compared to no training after ICH. We demonstrated that motor skills training improved motor function after ICH in rats and enhanced the neural activity and synaptic plasticity in the striatum and sensorimotor cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, 1350, Kamishinano, Seto, Aichi 480-1298, Japan.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan; Department of Neurophysiology and Brain science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan. Electronic address: ishida@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017364:Collagenases; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006401:Hematologic Agents; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009048:Motor Skills; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013569:Synapses / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D006401:Hematologic Agents; D017364:Collagenases
keywords: ADL; CIMT; CNS; Cerebral plasticity; ICH; Intracerebral hemorrhage; MCAO; MDS; MST; Motor function; Motor skills training; Neuronal activation; PSD; activities of daily living; central nervous system; constraint-induced movement therapy; intracerebral hemorrhage; middle cerebral artery occlusion; motor deficit score; motor skills training; postsynaptic density