title: Dual-species biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and environmental bacteria isolated from fresh-cut processing facilities.
abstract: Biofilm formation is a mechanism adapted by many microorganisms that enhances the survival in stressful environments. In food processing facilities, foodborne bacterial pathogens, which many are poor biofilm formers, could potentially take advantage of this protective mechanism by interacting with other strong biofilm producers. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of bacteria native to fresh produce processing environments on the incorporation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in biofilms. Bacteria strains representing 13 Gram-negative species isolated from two fresh produce processing facilities in a previous study were tested for forming dual-species biofilms with E. coli O157:H7. Strong biofilm producing strains of Burkholderia caryophylli and Ralstonia insidiosa exhibited 180% and 63% increase in biofilm biomass, and significant thickening of the biofilms (B. caryophylli not tested), when co-cultured with E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 populations increased by approximately 1 log in dual-species biofilms formed with B. caryophylli or R. insidiosa. While only a subset of environmental isolates with strong biofilm formation abilities increased the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in biofilms, all tested E. coli O157:H7 exhibited higher incorporation in dual-species biofilms with R. insidiosa. These observations support the notion that E. coli O157:H7 and specific strong biofilm producing bacteria interact synergistically in biofilm formation, and suggest a route for increased survival potential of E. coli O157:H7 in fresh produce processing environments.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States.
authors.forename: Nancy T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States. Electronic address: xiangwu.nou@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Xiangwu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Nou
authors.affiliation: Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lefcourt
authors.affiliation: Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States.
authors.forename: Y Martin
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Biofilms; Environmental bacteria; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Ralstonia insidiosa