title: Role of the ACE ID and PPARG P12A Polymorphisms in Genetic Susceptibility of Diabetic Nephropathy in a South Indian Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the life-threatening disorders characterized by persistent albuminuria, raised arterial blood pressure, a lowered glomerular filtration rate, and high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The vascular genes ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), and PPARG (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) are involved in alterations in vascular endothelium, and are suggested to play a role in the susceptibility of diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to find out the role of ACE ID and PPARG P12A polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility of diabetic nephropathy in south Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54 cases with diabetic nephropathy and 67 control subjects with diabetes were enrolled for our study. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes, and genotyped using PCR-electrophoresis (ACE ID) or PCR-RFLP (PPARG P12A) methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACE ID genotypes followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both cases and controls. But P12A genotypes deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in diabetic controls. Chi(2) test was applied for the analysis of genotypic distributions in genotypic and dominant models. Odds ratios were also calculated. No significant differences in genotype frequencies of ACE ID and PPARG P12A polymorphisms were found on comparing patients with diabetic nephropathy with diabetic controls. The synergistic role of ACE ID* PPARG P12A interaction, did not show any association in patients with diabetic nephropathy when compared to diabetic controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the ACE and PPARG genes do not have a key role in conferring risk for diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Lakkakula Vks
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
authors.forename: Sultana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahin
authors.forename: Raju Thankabai
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ginila
authors.forename: Periyasamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soundararajan
keywords: Alleles, Diabetic Nephropathies; Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2; PPAR Gamma