title: Nocturnal enuresis is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are no published prevalence estimates of elimination disorders and their association with disruptive-behavior disorders among children in the Asian region using standardized diagnostic interviews. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of elimination disorders and its association with disruptive-behavior disorders in a representative sample of children in Seoul, Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnosis of enuresis and encopresis was derived from parent-reported data for "enuresis and encopresis," collected using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, from a representative sample of 6- to 12-year-old children (n=1,645) who participated in the 2005 Seoul Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Prevalence data for attention deficit and disruptive-behavior disorders were collected from the same sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 12-month prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and encopresis was 1.8% and 0.6%, respectively. Enuresis and encopresis prevalence in boys was significantly greater than that in girls. Enuresis and encopresis was most common at 7 to 9 years of age. Enuresis was significantly associated with ADHD (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.9) and conduct disorder (CD; OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.0-22.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enuresis is significantly associated with ADHD and CD, so these conditions must be assessed together during the evaluation of children with enuresis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Subin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bung-Nyun
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon-Beom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Min-Sup
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hee Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Soo-Churl
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: ADHD; Comorbidities; Conduct disorder; Encopresis; Enuresis; Prevalence