title: Association between serum uric acid, hypertension, vascular stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis: data from the Brisighella Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum uric acid (SUA) levels correlate with many recognized cardiovascular risk factors, including age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. The aim of our study was to verify in a large well characterized population sample the relationship between SUA values, hypertension, arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, we selected 248 men and 371 women adult patients enrolled in the last Brisighella Heart Study population survey for which a full set of data were available and not consuming antihypertensive, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering and uric acid-lowering drugs. SUA and other available variables were related to blood pressure level, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension prevalence was strongly related to SUA quartiles: we found significant differences between the 2nd (23.0%) and the 3rd quartiles (36.4%; P vs. 2nd < 0.05), and between the 3rd and the 4th quartile (56.3%; P vs. 3rd < 0.05). Similarly, the metabolic syndrome prevalence increased significantly at 39.5% in the 3rd SUA quartile (P < 0.05 vs. 2nd) and at 58.9% in the 4th quartile (P < 0.05 vs. 3rd). Intima-media thickness gradually and significantly rose along quartiles of SUA (P for trend < 0.0001), in particular, it was 0.86  mm in the 1st quartile, 0.90 in the 2nd, 0.94 in the 3rd, and 0.97 in the last quartile, with significant differences between each quartiles (all P < 0.05). In multivariate regression analyses, SUA resulted to be significantly associated to hypertension and metabolic syndrome prevalence, and IMT. Even if a significant association between SUA and cfPWV was found in univariate analysis (P = 0.002), when adjusting for age, the trend became nonsignificant (0.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the studied population sample, after adjustment for a large number of parameters, SUA appears to be significantly correlated to hypertension and IMT, but not to aortic stiffness.
authors.affiliation: aInternal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Disease Department, University of Bologna, Bologna bDepartment of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Arrigo F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Addato
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosticci
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid