title: Conformational change from a twisted figure-eight to an open-extended structure in doubly fused 36π core-modified octaphyrins triggered by protonation: implication on photodynamics and aromaticity.
abstract: Two examples of core-modified 36π doubly fused octaphyrins that undergo a conformational change from a twisted figure-eight to an open-extended structure induced by protonation are reported. Syntheses of the two octaphyrins (in which Ar=mesityl or tolyl) were achieved by a simple acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrrane unit containing an electron-rich, rigid dithienothiophene (DTT) core with pentafluorobenzaldehyde followed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). The single-crystal X-ray structure of the octaphyrin (in which Ar=mesityl) shows a figure-eight twisted conformation of the expanded porphyrin skeleton with two DTT moieties oriented in a staggered conformation with a π-cloud distance of 3.7 Å. Spectroscopic and quantum mechanical calculations reveal that both octaphyrins conform to a [4n]π nonaromatic electronic structure. Protonation of the pyrrole nitrogen atoms of the octaphyrins results in dramatic structural change, which led to 1) a large redshift and sharpening of absorption bands in electronic absorption spectrum, 2) a large change in chemical shift of pyrrole β-CH and -NH protons in the (1)H NMR spectrum, 3) a small increase in singlet lifetimes, and 4) a moderate increase in two-photon absorption cross-section values. Furthermore, nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values calculated at various geometrical positions show positive values and anisotropy-induced current density (AICD) plots indicate paratropic ring-currents for the diprotonated form of the octaphyrin (in which Ar=tolyl); the single-crystal X-ray structure of the diprotonated form of the octaphyrin shows an extended structure in which one of the pyrrole ring of each dipyrrin subunit undergoes a 180° ring-flip. Four trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) molecules are bound above and below the molecular plane defined by meso-carbon atoms and are held by N-H···O, N-H···F, and C-H···F intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. The extended-open structure upon protonation allows π-delocalization and the electronic structure conforms to a [4n]π Hückel antiaromatic in the diprotonated state.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science, Education and Research (NISER), IOP Campus, Bhubaneshwar, 751005, Odisha (India).
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karthik
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Dongho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tavarekere K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Chandrashekar
mesh_terms: D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004583:Electrons; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010777:Photochemistry; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D011166:Porphyrins; D013876:Thiophenes; C000928:dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone
keywords: X-ray diffraction; aromaticity; conformation analysis; fused-ring systems; photodynamics