title: Desmopression is an effective adjunct treatment for reversing excessive hyponatremia overcorrection.
abstract: We report a case of a 50-year-old malnourished African American male with hiccups, nausea and vomiting who was brought to the Emergency Department after repeated seizures at home. Laboratory evaluations revealed sodium (Na(+)) 107 mmol/L, unmeasurably low potassium, chloride < 60 mmol/L, bicarbonate of 38 mmol/L and serum osmolality 217 mOsm/kg. Seizures were controlled with 3% saline IV. Once nausea was controlled with iv antiemetics, he developed large volume free water diuresis with 6 L of dilute urine in 8 h (urine osmolality 40-60 mOsm/kg) and serum sodium rapidly rose to 126 mmol/L in 12 h. Both intravenous desmopressin and 5% dextrose in water was given to achieve a concentrated urine and to temporarily reverse the acute rise of sodium, respectively. Serum Na(+) was gradually re-corrected in 2-3 mmol/L daily increments from 118 mmol/L until 130 mmol/L. Hypokalemia was slowly corrected with resultant auto-correction of metabolic alkalosis. The patient discharged home with no neurologic sequaele on the 11(th) hospital day. In euvolemic hyponatremic patients, controlling nausea may contribute to unpredictable free water diuresis. The addition of an antidiuretic hormone analog, such as desmopressin can limit urine output and prevent an unpredictable rise of the serum sodium.
authors.affiliation: Kamel A Gharaibeh, Matthew J Craig, Christian A Koch, Tibor Fülöp, Éva Csongrádi, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States.
authors.forename: Kamel A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gharaibeh
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lerant
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fülöp
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csongrádi
keywords: Antidiuretic hormone; Central pontine myelinolysis; Desmopressin; Hypokalemia; Hyponatremia; Osmotic demyelination syndrome; Overcorrection; Polyuria; Vasopressin