title: Neuroimaging studies of factors related to exercise: rationale and design of a 9 month trial.
abstract: The prevalence of obesity is high resulting from chronic imbalances between energy intake and expenditure. On the expenditure side, regular exercise is associated with health benefits, including enhanced brain function. The benefits of exercise are not immediate and require persistence to be realized. Brain regions associated with health-related decisions, such as whether or not to exercise or controlling the impulse to engage in immediately rewarding activities (e.g., sedentary behavior), include reward processing and cognitive control regions. A 9 month aerobic exercise study will be conducted in 180 sedentary adults (n = 90 healthy weight [BMI = 18.5 to 26.0 kg/m(2)]; n = 90 obese [BMI = 29.0 to 41.0 kg/m(2)) to examine the brain processes underlying reward processing and impulse control that may affect adherence in a new exercise regimen. The primary aim is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine reward processing and impulse control among participants that adhere (exercise >80% of sessions) and those that do not adhere to a nine-month exercise intervention with secondary analyses comparing sedentary obese and sedentary healthy weight participants. Our results will provide valuable information characterizing brain activation underlying reward processing and impulse control in sedentary obese and healthy weight individuals. In addition, our results may identify brain activation predictors of adherence and success in the exercise program along with measuring the effects of exercise and improved fitness on brain activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States; Holgund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Behavior Neuroscience, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Florence J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffery J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Honas
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Erik A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: Holgund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lepping
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Christie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Befort
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lambourne
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, United States.
authors.forename: Bryan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Hung-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Behavior Neuroscience, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States. Electronic address: csavage@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: Cary R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Savage
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012201:Reward; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BMI; Body Mass Index; DEXA; Exercise adherence; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; HW; MPA; NDS-R; Nutrition Data System for Research; Obesity; dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; fMRI; functional magnetic resonance imaging; healthy weight; moderate physical activity