title: Hybrid genes in the analysis of transformation conditions : I. Setting up a simple method for direct gene transfer in plant protoplasts.
abstract: Direct gene transfer into plant protoplasts has been recently developed, and conditions for high frequency transformation of SR1 tobacco protoplasts established. In this paper we analyse numerous transformation parameters in a comparative study on SR1 Nicotiana tabacum and N. plumbaginifolia, and report on a simple chemical technique for very efficient protoplast transformation. It is based on the synergistic interaction of MgCl2 and PEG. The technique yielded up to 1400 transformants per 3×10(5) treated N. tabacum protoplasts (up to 4.8% of the survivors, late selected clones). Using N. plumbaginifolia, the frequencies were 10-fold lower, indicating that the 'competence' for transformation has a species-specific component.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher-Institut, P.O. Box 2543, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Negrutiu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shillito
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Potrykus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biasini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sala