title: Amputation surgery.
abstract: The best level of amputation must take into consideration the newest socket designs, methods of prosthetic suspension, and technologically advanced components. In some instances stump revision should be considered, to provide a better prosthetic fitting and function. Targeted reinnervation is a new neural-machine interface that has been developed to help improve the function of electrically powered upper prosthetic limbs. Osseointegrated implants for prosthetic suspension offer amputees an alternative to the traditional socket suspension, and are especially useful for transfemoral and transhumeral levels of amputation. Cadaver bone can be used to lengthen an extremely short residual bony lever arm.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Clinic of Denver, Humboldt Street, Denver, CO 80218, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schnur
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D000672:Amputation Stumps / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D012086:Reoperation; D013524:Surgical Flaps
keywords: Allograft; Amputation; Osseointegrated implant; Targeted muscle reinnervation