title: Effect of dietary Maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on plasma cholesterol and hepatic gene expression in cholesterol-fed mice.
abstract: To investigate the effects of dietary Grifola frondosa on cholesterol, normal mice were fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol (HC group) or 1% cholesterol and 10% freeze-dried G. frondosa powder (HC+G group) for 4 weeks and hepatic and plasma lipid levels were compared with those of a cholesterol-free diet-fed mice (N group). Hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol contents were considerably increased and plasma TC / phospholipid (PL) was also increased significantly in the HC group compared with the N group. However, plasma TC content decreased in the HC+G group compared with the HC group. To characterize the mechanisms responsible for lowered plasma cholesterol in G. frondosa-supplemented mice, hepatic gene expression was profiled using DNA microarray and gene ontology. Genome analyses revealed that de novo cholesterol synthesis genes were suppressed following cholesterol intake. However, expression of bile acid biosynthesis and low-density lipoprotein receptor genes showed little change. Scarb1, Abcg5, and Abcg8, involved in cholesterol transport and excretion, were slightly upregulated in the HC+G group compared with the HC group. These data indicate the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of G. frondosa. Moreover, fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation was promoted via adipocytokine signaling pathways, and Saa, encodes serum amyloid A related to arteriosclerosis, was suppressed in the HC+G group.
authors.affiliation: Forest Products Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokuji
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii-Akiyama
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiji
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
mesh_terms: D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D054392:Adipokines / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D048691:Grifola; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010743:Phospholipids; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C462600:ABCG5 protein, mouse; C462601:ABCG8 protein, mouse; D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D054392:Adipokines; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010743:Phospholipids; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol