title: Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis versus bacterial rhinosinusitis with orbital complications: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with orbital complications (IFSwOC) is a life-threatening condition. The incidence of mortality has been reported to be up to 80 percent. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors, presentations, clinical, and imaging findings that could help to manage this condition promptly.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study of 100 patients suffering from rhinosinusitis with orbital complications. The risk factors, clinical presentations, radiological findings, medical and surgical managements, durations of hospital stay, and mortality rate data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five patients were diagnosed with IFSwOC, while the other thirty-five patients composed the control group. The most important risk factor for IFSwOC was diabetes mellitus. Visual loss and diplopia were the significant symptom predictors. The significant clinical predictors were nasal crust, oculomotor nerve, and optic nerve involvement. The CT findings of IFSwOC were sinus wall erosion and hyperdensity lesions. The mortality rate was 25.71 percent in the IFSwOC group and 3.17 percent in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with orbital complications is symptomatic of a high mortality rate. The awareness of a patient's risk factors, the presenting symptoms, signs of fungal invasion, and aggressive management will determine the success of any treatment procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Patorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piromchai
authors.forename: Sanguansak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanaviratananich
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed