title: A novel lunar bed rest analogue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Humans will eventually return to the Moon and thus there is a need for a ground-based analogue to enable the study of physiological adaptations to lunar gravity. An important unanswered question is whether or not living on the lunar surface will provide adequate loading of the musculoskeletal system to prevent or attenuate the bone loss that is seen in microgravity. Previous simulations have involved tilting subjects to an approximately 9.5 degrees angle to achieve a lunar gravity component parallel to the long-axis of the body. However, subjects in these earlier simulations were not weight-bearing, and thus these protocols did not provide an analogue for load on the musculoskeletal system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a novel analogue which includes the capability to simulate standing and sitting in a lunar loading environment. A bed oriented at a 9.5 degrees angle was mounted on six linear bearings and was free to travel with one degree of freedom along rails. This allowed approximately 1/6 body weight loading of the feet during standing. "Lunar" sitting was also successfully simulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A feasibility study demonstrated that the analogue was tolerated by subjects for 6 d of continuous bed rest and that the reaction forces at the feet during periods of standing were a reasonable simulation of lunar standing. During the 6 d, mean change in the volume of the quadriceps muscles was -1.6% +/- 1.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed analogue would appear to be an acceptable simulation of lunar gravity and deserves further exploration in studies of longer duration.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. cavanagh@uw.edu
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Angelo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Licata
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kuklis
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.forename: Kerim O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: Ricki K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Englehaupt
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001510:Bed Rest; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016081:Moon; D013026:Space Flight; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation; D055815:Young Adult