title: Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in high-cholesterol fed rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on serum lipids and antioxidant status in normocholesterolaemic and hypercholesterolaemic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triglycerides (TG), total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS assays), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls were analysed in serum, and MDA, glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activity in livers of rats drinking water or mate fed normal or cholesterol-cholic supplemented diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ABTS, glutathione and antioxidant enzymes were not affected by any treatment. In normocholesterolaemic animals, mate had no effect on serum lipids or antioxidant status, yet it increased serum carbonyls and liver MDA concentrations. In hypercholesterolaemic rats, mate consumption had no effect on HDL-cholesterol or protein carbonyls, yet it showed a marked hypolipidaemic action, decreasing TG, total and LDL-cholesterol, and serum MDA levels that had been increased after consuming the high-cholesterol diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential beneficial effect of mate on markers of cardiovascular risk seems to be restricted to hyperlipaemic animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: beasarria@ictan.csic.es.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarriá
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lecumberri
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt; ABTS; Antioxidant polyphenols; Biomarkers of oxidative stress; CAT; CVD; Cardiovascular risk; FRAP; GPx; GR; GSH; HDL-C; LDL-C; Lipid profile; MDA; Mate; SOD; T-C; TG; cardiovascular disease; catalase; ferric reducing antioxidant power method; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; malondialdehyde; reduced glutathione; superoxide dismutase; total cholesterol; triglycerides