title: The Effects of Exenatide Microsphere on Serum BGP and ALP Levels in ZDF Rats after Implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this project is to investigate the impact of diabetes mellitus and different glycemic control times on early osseointegration of dental implants by expression and significance of serum bone Gla protein (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats after implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided into three groups, each group with 11 rats and each rat with two dental implants (33 rats and 66 implants in total): group A, diabetic rats with dental implants (controls); group B, diabetic rats treated with insulin and implants placed simultaneously; and group C, diabetic rats treated with insulin until serum glucose at a constant level and then implants be placed. Levels of BGP and ALP in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group. The software program SPSS (version 17.0 for Windows) was used to analyze all data; p < .05 was set as the level of statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 7th day, serum levels of BGP in group B and C were lower than that in group A (p > 0.05). At the 14th day, serum levels of BGP in group C were significantly higher (p < 0.05). After 30 days, compared with group A, the serum levels of BGP in group B and C seems to be lower. Compared with group A, the serum levels of ALP in group B and C were significantly higher, whereas the serum levels of ALP in group C seems to be higher than B (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that injection of delayed release microsphere of exenatide on ZDF rats can release exenatide at a steady rate and the blood glucose can be controlled at a constant level. Implant survival rates could be enhanced in DM subjects when blood plasma glucose level is under control; the serum levels of BGP in this study seems to have no relationship with local osseointegration, whereas the serum levels of ALP might offer insights into the activity of osseointegration around the implant surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Zhonghao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Xilong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rausch
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D015921:Dental Implants; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077270:Exenatide; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D010455:Peptides; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D014688:Venoms
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000077270:Exenatide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: alkaline phosphatase; dental implant; diabetes mellitus; glycemic control; hyperglycemia; osseointegration; osteocalcin