title: Policy implementation of the Republic Act (RA) No. 9003 in the Philippines: a case study of Cebu City.
abstract: Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is considered to be one of the most serious environmental issues in the Philippines. The annual waste generation was estimated at 10.6 million tonnes in 2012 and this is expected to double in 2025. The Republic Act (RA) No. 9003, widely known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, provides the required policy framework, institutional mechanisms and mandate to the Local Government Units (LGUs) to achieve 25% waste reduction target through establishing an integrated solid waste management plan based on the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycling). Although the initial impact of the LGUs is still very limited in implementing the national mandate, this article highlights the successful experiences of Cebu, the second largest city in the Philippines, in reducing its MSW generation by more than 30% in the past three years. This study also explores the implementation process, innovative actions taken by the Cebu City Government in implementing the national mandate at local level and identifies the factors that influence the policy implementation. The findings suggest that the impacts of the national mandate can be achieved if the LGUs have the high degree of political commitment, planning and development of effective local strategies in a collaborative manner to meet with local conditions, partnership building with other stakeholders, capacity development, adequate financing and incentives, and in the close monitoring and evaluation of performance.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Kitakyushu Urban Centre, Kitakyushu 805-0062, Japan. Electronic address: premakumara@iges.or.jp.
authors.forename: Dickella Gamaralalage Jagath
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Premakumara
authors.affiliation: A2D Project-Research Group for Alternatives to Development, Inc., Cebu 6000, Philippines.
authors.forename: Aloysius Mariae L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Canete
authors.affiliation: Kitakyushu International Techno-cooperative Association (KITA), Kitakyushu 805-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagaishi
authors.affiliation: United Nations University-Institute of Advanced Studies of Sustainability (UNU-IASS), Yokohama 220-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Tonni Agustiono
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kurniawan
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D058735:Environmental Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009111:Local Government; D010679:Philippines; D059027:Recycling / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: 3Rs; Capacity building; Integrated planning; Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM); Partnership building; Republic Act (RA) No. 9003