title: Motion sickness susceptibility in healthy subjects and vestibular patients: effects of gender, age and trait-anxiety.
abstract: Several studies have suggested that anxiety may play a role in motion sickness susceptibility (MSS) variability. This study aimed to assess motion sickness susceptibility in healthy subjects and chronic vestibular patients and to investigate its relationship to gender, age and trait-anxiety. Healthy subjects (n=167) and chronic dizzy patients with various vestibulopathies (n=94), aged from 20 to 92 years old, were asked to complete Motion Sickness Susceptibility questionnaire (MSSQ) and trait-anxiety questionnaire (STAI-B). When patients were divided into those who had vestibular loss (n=51) vs. patients without vestibular loss (n=43), the MSSQ scores (mean ± SD) for patients with vestibular loss (18.8 ± 30.9) were lower than healthy subjects (36.4 ± 34.8), who were lower than vestibular patients without vestibular loss (59.0 ± 39.7). These significant differences could not be explained by gender, age, trait-anxiety, or interaction. Women had higher MSS than men, and MSS declined with age for healthy subjects and vestibular patients. The overall relationship between anxiety and MSS scores was weak and only reached significance in healthy subjects. These results support the conclusion that the vestibular system is heavily involved in MSS and that trait-anxiety may play a role in MSS but only in healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK INSERM, U 1075, Caen, France.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Paillard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quarck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paolino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denise
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paolino
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ghulyan-Bedikian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Anxiety; age; dizziness; gender; vestibular