title: Seizure semiology and electroencephalography in young children with lesional temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to discuss the clinical features of seizure semiology and electroencephalography (EEG) in young children with lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with lesional TLE received presurgical evaluation for intractable epilepsy. They were followed up for more than one year after temporal lobectomy. We reviewed the medical history and video-EEG monitoring of children with TLE to analyze the semiology of seizures and EEG findings and compared the semiology of seizures and EEG findings of childhood TLE and adult TLE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84 seizures were analyzed in 11 children (aged 23-108 months). The age of seizure onset was from 1 month to 26 months (a mean of 17.6 months). All of the patients exhibited prominent motor manifestations including epileptic spasm, tonic seizure, and unilateral clonic seizure. Seven children manifested behavioral arrest similar to an automotor seizure in adult TLE but with a shorter duration and higher frequency. The automatisms were typically orofacial, whereas manual automatisms were rarely observed. The EEG recordings revealed that diffuse discharge patterns were more common in younger children, whereas focal or unilateral patterns were more typical in older children. All of the patients were seizure-free after temporal lobectomy with more than one-year follow-up. All of the children had a mental development delay or regression; however, there was improvement after surgery, especially in those with surgery performed early.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to TLE in adults, young children with lesional TLE probably represent a distinct nosological and probably less homogeneous syndrome. Although they had generalized clinical and electrographic features, resective epilepsy surgery should be considered as early as possible to obtain seizure control and improvement in mental development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui-Juan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: shaoxiaoqiu2010@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiu
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D064926:Neurophysiological Monitoring; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: EEG; Lesional temporal lobe epilepsy; Seizure semiology; Young children