title: Effective application of multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis to tracing Staphylococcus aureus in food-processing environment.
abstract: A total of 256 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 98 samples (34 swabs and 64 food samples) obtained from small or medium meat- and cheese-processing plants in Slovakia. The strains were genotypically characterized by multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), involving multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent separation of the amplified DNA fragments by an automated flow-through gel electrophoresis. With the panel of isolates, MLVA produced 31 profile types, which was a sufficient discrimination to facilitate the description of spatial and temporal aspects of contamination. Further data on MLVA discrimination were obtained by typing a subpanel of strains by multiple locus sequence typing (MLST). MLVA coupled to automated electrophoresis proved to be an effective, comparatively fast and inexpensive method for tracing S. aureus contamination of food-processing factories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subspecies genotyping of microbial contaminants in food-processing factories may facilitate identification of spatial and temporal aspects of the contamination. This may help to properly manage the process hygiene. With S. aureus, multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) proved to be an effective method for the purpose, being sufficiently discriminative, yet comparatively fast and inexpensive. The application of automated flow-through gel electrophoresis to separation of DNA fragments produced by multiplex PCR helped to improve the accuracy and speed of the method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Food Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rešková
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koreňová
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuchta
mesh_terms: D005516:Food Microbiology; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D018154:Slovakia; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; environment; food; multiple locus sequence typing; multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis; variable number of tandem repeats