title: Multiple-class antimicrobial resistance surveillance in swine Escherichia coli F4, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis isolates from Ontario and the impact of the 2004-2006 Porcine Circovirus type-2 Associated Disease outbreak.
abstract: The objective of this work was to describe trends in multiple-class antimicrobial resistance present in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli F4, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis from Ontario swine 1998-2010. Temporal changes in multiple-class resistance varied by the pathogens examined; significant yearly changes were apparent for the E. coli and P. multocida data. Although not present in the E. coli data, significant increases in multiple-class resistance within P. multocida isolates occurred from 2003 to 2005, coinciding with the expected increase in antimicrobials used to treat clinical signs of Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) before it was confirmed. Prospective temporal scan statistics for multiple-class resistance suggest that significant clusters of increased resistance may have been found in the spring of 2004; months before the identification of the PCVAD outbreak in the fall of 2004.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: sglass@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Shiona K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Glass-Kaastra
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G B52, Canada; Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reid-Smith
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Durda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slavic
authors.affiliation: Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fairles
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McEwen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000254:growth & development; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016979:Pasteurella multocida / Q000254:growth & development*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000254:growth & development*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Multiple-class antimicrobial resistance; PCVAD; Swine