title: Association between being employed in a smoke-free workplace and living in a smoke-free home: evidence from 15 low and middle income countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether being employed in a smoke-free workplace is associated with living in a smoke-free home in 15 low and middle income countries (LMICs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Country-specific individual level analyses of cross-sectional Global Adult Tobacco Survey data (2008-2011) from 15 LMICs was conducted using multiple logistic regression. The dependent variable was living in a smoke-free home; the independent variable was being employed in a smoke-free workplace. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, residence, region, education, occupation, current smoking, current smokeless tobacco use and number of household members. Individual country results were combined in a random effects meta-analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each country, the percentage of participants employed in a smoke-free workplace who reported living in a smoke-free home was higher than those employed in a workplace not smoke-free. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of living in a smoke-free home among participants employed in a smoke-free workplace (vs. those employed where smoking occurred) were statistically significant in 13 of the 15 countries, ranging from 1.12 [95% CI 0.79-1.58] in Uruguay to 2.29 [1.37-3.83] in China. The pooled AOR was 1.61 [1.46-1.79].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In LMICs, employment in a smoke-free workplace is associated with living in a smoke-free home. Accelerated implementation of comprehensive smoke-free policies is likely to result in substantial population health benefits in these settings.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), New Delhi, India; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UK. Electronic address: gaurang.nazar@ext.phfi.org.
authors.forename: Gaurang P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Nazar
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, UK.
authors.forename: John Tayu
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA.
authors.forename: Stanton A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Glantz
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, UK; South Asia Network for Chronic Diseases (SANCD), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Millett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017132:Workplace / Q000145:classification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: GATS; Low- and middle-income countries; Secondhand smoke; Smoke-free policy; Tobacco; Workplace