title: Cardiovascular reactivity to stressors in Indian young adults with normotensive parents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stress-induced increase in heart-rate and blood pressure is termed cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Various studies are designed to monitor the CVR and use different types of experimental stressors. We have compared the CVR to three different stressors used in CVR based studies (cold pressor task, hand grip test, and video game) to identify the best suited stressor for any study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 82 (38 female) young Indian adults with normal resting basal parameters and normotensive parents. Each volunteer was subjected to three stressors: cold pressor task (CPT), hand grip test (HGT), and video game (VG). The CVR to the three stressors was compared amongst female subjects and amongst male subjects by ANOVA, and between female and male subjects by unpaired Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum CVR was obtained to HGT, while maximum gender difference in CVR was obtained in case of CPT. Heart rate and blood pressure changes obtained on playing VG were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the purpose of research is to generate maximum possible CVR, we suggest the use of HGT; while if the purpose of the research is to study gender related differences, the use of CPT would be more appropriate. Unlike young adults of Western countries, VG is not perceived as a challenging task or stressor by young Indian adults and produces little change in heart rate and blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Demonstrator, Department of Physiology, TMMC & RC , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Jayballabh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Cardiovascular reactivity; Cold pressor task; Hand grip test; Stressor; Video game