title: Apicotomy: surgical management of maxillary dilacerated or ankylosed canines.
abstract: This clinical article reports a technique, apicotomy, for managing dilacerated or ankylosed canines. The records of 3 patients successfully treated with apicotomy are presented. Orthodontists observe clinically significant incidences of impacted maxillary canines in their daily practices. Several procedures have been described to bring an ankylosed, impacted tooth into occlusion. Luxation is the most widely used solution, but there are risks involved with that approach, and the success rate is low. Surgical repositioning has also been used, but morbidity is high, and the aggressiveness of the procedure might also contraindicate it. Ankylosis might be related to the anatomic position of the canine's root apex and its adjacent anatomic structures. Apicotomy is a guided fracture of a canine root apex, followed by its orthodontic traction. It is a conservative surgical alternative for treating impacted canines with dilacerations or apical root ankylosis.
authors.affiliation: Professor and clinic director, Graduate Orthodontic Program, Center for Advanced Dental Education, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Mo. Electronic address: araujoea@slu.edu.
authors.forename: Eustáquio A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Cristiana V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Orlando M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001915:Braces; D003481:Cuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D020254:Tooth Ankylosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014095:Tooth, Impacted / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult