title: Therapeutic collaboration and resistance: describing the nature and quality of the therapeutic relationship within ambivalence events using the Therapeutic Collaboration Coding System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We understand ambivalence as a cyclical movement between two opposing parts of the self. The emergence of a novel part produces an innovative moment, challenging the current maladaptive self-narrative. However, the novel part is subsequently attenuated by a return to the maladaptive self-narrative. This study focused on the analysis of the therapeutic collaboration in episodes in which a relatively poor-outcome client in narrative therapy expressed ambivalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  For our analysis we used the Therapeutic Collaboration Coding System, developed to assess whether and how the therapeutic dyad is working within the therapeutic zone of proximal development (TZPD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that when the therapist challenged the client after the emergence of ambivalence, the client tended to invalidate (reject or ignore) the therapist's intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that in such ambivalence episodes the therapist did not match the client's developmental level, and by working outside the TZPD unintentionally contributed to the maintaining the client's ambivalence.
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.
authors.forename: António P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loura
authors.forename: Miguel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Stiles
authors.forename: Adam O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D062525:Narrative Therapy / Q000379:methods; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D013811:Psychotherapeutic Processes; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*