title: Urinary bisphenol A concentrations are associated with abnormal liver function in the elderly: a repeated panel study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bisphenol A (4,40-isopropylidenediphenol, BPA) is known to adversely affect various organs. The liver is reported to be affected by BPA in animal studies. However, there are few studies in humans on the effects of BPA on the liver. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between urinary BPA levels and liver function in elderly subjects using repeated measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2008 to 2010, a total of 560 elderly subjects residing in Seoul were each evaluated up to three times. At the first visit, demographic data, environmental exposure and lifestyle information were obtained from a systemised questionnaire. At each visit, blood and urine samples were collected and stored for analysis. Linear mixed and GLIMMIX model analyses were performed after adjusting for age, sex, Body Mass Index, alcohol consumption, urinary cotinine concentrations, exercise frequency, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean urinary BPA concentration was 1.13 μg/g creatinine. Significant relationships were observed between urinary BPA and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase after adjusting for potential confounders (p<0.05). When subjects were grouped according to urinary BPA concentrations divided by the median value, higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with increased abnormal liver function (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.15 to 5.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Community-level exposure to BPA was associated with abnormal liver function in the elderly, indicating that more stringent control of BPA is necessary to protect susceptible populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, , Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mee-Ri
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyunseung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sanghyuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Youn-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jin Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010636:Phenols; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: AGEING; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY