title: The effect of adenotonsillectomy on pediatric nocturnal enuresis: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disorder caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy has been implicated as a cause of primary and secondary nocturnal enuresis in children. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adenotonsillectomy on enuresis in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort study was conducted in Hamadan City in Western Iran, from April 2010 to December 2011. Ninety-seven children aged 3 to 12 years with adenotonsillar hypertrophy who were admitted to Besat Hospital for adenotonsillectomy were evaluated. The primary outcome was the number of incidents of bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis) post-operation compared with pre-operation. Patients were followed-up for 3 months. Data were collected using a questionnaire regarding number of bedwetting incidents, type of enuresis (primary or secondary), and family history of enuresis, as well as results of urine analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 420 children admitted for adenotonsillectomy, 97 had a positive history of preoperative enuresis, including 42 girls and 55 boys, with mean age of 48 months. The parents of 84 (86.6%) children agreed to participate in the study. Three months after adenotonsillectomy, enuresis had resolved completely in 51 (60.7%) children and had shown relative improvement in 22 (26.2%) children. Enuresis had not improved in the remaining 11 (13.1%) children (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that adenotonsillectomy can improve enuresis in the majority of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. However, further evidence based on large multi-center randomized clinical trials is required to confirm these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck surgery, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran .
authors.forename: Mohammad Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amirhassani
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poorolajal
keywords: Adenoids; Cohort studies; Enuresis; Hypertrophy; Iran