title: Triclocarban, triclosan and its transformation product methyl triclosan in native earthworm species four years after a commercial-scale biosolids application.
abstract: Triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and methyl triclosan (Me-TCS) were detected in soil and the native population of earthworms of an agricultural field in Ottawa, Canada, about four years after a commercial-scale application of biosolids. In soil that received biosolids, TCC and TCS were detected at median concentrations of 13.0 and 1.5 ng/g soil (d.w.), respectively, while Me-TCS, the transformation product of triclosan, was detected at a six-fold higher median concentration than its precursor. In earthworms collected at the biosolids-amended field-plot about four years post application, Me-TCS was also detected at higher concentrations (26 to 114 ng/g tissue d.w.) than TCS (16-51 ng/g) and TCC (4-53 ng/g). These data provide evidence that not only parent compounds but also their transformation products need to be considered in faunal bioaccumulation studies. Moreover, the preliminary results for pooled earthworm samples from different ecological groups suggest that the degree of bioaccumulation of biosolids-associated contaminants may depend on the habitat and feeding behavior of the organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macherius
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lapen
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reemtsma
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstr. 2-14, 65439 Flörsheim/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Römbke
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topp
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstr. 2-14, 65439 Flörsheim/Main, Germany. Electronic address: a.coors@ect.de.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coors
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002170:Canada; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002224:Carbanilides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014260:Triclosan; C502486:methyl triclosan; C009540:triclocarban
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Biocides; Earthworm; Oligochaetes; Sewage sludge