title: [From scientific evidence to clinical practice: treatment protocols for diabetic macular edema].
abstract: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is now considered the leading cause of moderate vision loss in type 2 diabetic patients and has a high socioeconomic burden. In recent years, the therapeutic approach to this entity has changed. The role of laser treatment, considered the gold standard in clinical practice worldwide for more than 25 years, has been redefined. To understand current treatment algorithms, the pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema and the role played by vascular endothelial growth factor must be elucidated. Many clinical trials have emerged showing that intravitreal ranibizumab provides effective therapy with an acceptable safety profile. Based in these data, the European Medicines Agency has approved ranibizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. This article aims to discuss new treatment options and the recently developed evidence-based algorithms.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: López-Gálvez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Campos
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017277:Drug Approval; D005062:European Union; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C533178:aflibercept; C495058:pegaptanib; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D000069579:Ranibizumab