title: Emergency skills learning on video (ESLOV): A single-blinded randomized control trial of teaching common emergency skills using self-instruction video (SIV) versus traditional face-to-face (FTF) methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-instruction video (SIV) has been widely explored as a teaching mode for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillation (AED), but not with other basic emergency skills.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of SIV in teaching other basic emergency skill in comparison with traditional face-to-face (FTF) methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized into SIV and FTF groups. Each group was assigned to learn basic airway management (BAM), cervical collar application (CCA), manual cardiac defibrillation (MCD), and emergency extremity splinting (EES) skills. Confidence level was assessed using questionnaires, and skills performances were assessed using calibrated-blinded assessors through an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five participants took part in the assessment exercises. There were no significant differences between both groups, on all four skill categories. The mean OSCE-score of an individual category between the FTF-group vs. the SIV-group were as follows: BAM (10.23 ± 1.04 vs. 10.04 ± 1.49; p = 0.62); CCA (7.86 ± 4.39 vs. 7.13 ± 4.12; p = 0.57); MCD (8.24 ± 0.89 vs. 7.58 ± 1.14; p = 0.39); EES (5.43 ± 2.11 vs. 4.63 ± 2.30; p = 0.23). The composite mean score for the FTF-group was 6.85, and for the SIV-group was 6.20 (p < 0.05). There was no significant different in the level of confidence for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIV is as effective as FTF in teaching and learning basic emergency skills.
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohd Saiboon
authors.forename: Mohd Johar
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.forename: Nurul Saadah
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Nazhatul Muna Ahmad
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nasarudin
authors.forename: Nabishah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: Mohd Radhi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: John H V
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education; D057189:Checklist; D002983:Clinical Competence; D047548:Defibrillators; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014743:Videotape Recording