title: Impact of interpersonal trauma on the social functioning of adults with first-episode psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social functioning is an important treatment outcome for psychosis, and yet, we know little about its relationship to trauma despite high rates of trauma in people with psychosis. Childhood trauma is likely to disrupt the acquisition of interpersonal relatedness skills including the desire for affiliation and thus lead to impaired social functioning in adulthood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that childhood trauma would be a predictor of poor social functioning for adults with psychosis and that further trauma in adulthood would moderate this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  A first-episode psychosis sample aged 15-65 years (N = 233) completed measures of social functioning (Lehman's Quality of Life Interview and Strauss Carpenter Functioning Scale) and trauma (Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey), as well as clinical assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childhood trauma (any type) was associated with poorer premorbid functioning and was experienced by 61% of our sample. There were no associations with clinical symptoms. Interpersonal trauma in childhood was a significant predictor of social functioning satisfaction in adulthood, but this was not the case for interpersonal trauma in adulthood. However, 45% of adults who reported childhood interpersonal trauma also experienced adulthood interpersonal trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results emphasize the importance of early relationship experience such as interpersonal trauma, on the social functioning of adults with psychosis. We recommend extending our research by examining the impact of interpersonal childhood trauma on occupational functioning in psychosis.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy & Health, Durham University, Durham, UK; TIPS-Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; helen.Stain@durham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Helen J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stain
authors.affiliation: TIPS-Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Kolbjørn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brønnick
authors.affiliation: TIPS-Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;
authors.forename: Wenche T V
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hegelstad
authors.affiliation: TIPS-Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Joa
authors.affiliation: TIPS-Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Jan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Johannessen
authors.affiliation: TIPS-Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langeveld
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Pharmacy & Health, Durham University, Durham, UK;
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mawn
authors.affiliation: TIPS-Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;
authors.forename: Tor K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D066107:Social Skills; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: childhood trauma; early psychosis; relationships; social satisfaction