title: Survival of HIV-positive individuals with hepatitis B and C infection in Michigan.
abstract: We sought to estimate mortality and associated factors in HIV-hepatitis co-infected individuals in Michigan using a retrospective cohort study. For the study period of 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009, all HIV-infected individuals were matched to hepatitis B and C cases. In the final Cox proportional hazards regression model, individuals of other [hazard ratio (HR) 2·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·4-3·2] and black (HR 1·3, 95% CI 1·1-1·6) race had decreased survival compared to white race. Similarly, injecting drug users (IDUs) (HR 2·1, 95% CI 1·6-2·6), men who have sex with men (MSM)/IDUs (HR 1·5, 95% CI 1·1-2·2), individuals with undetermined risk (HR 1·5, 95% CI 1·2-1·9) and heterosexual practices (HR 1·4, 95% CI 1·1-1·8) had decreased survival compared to MSM. Additionally, an interaction was found between current HIV status and co-infection. Mortality in HIV-hepatitis co-infected individuals remains a continuing problem. Our study can help in planning interventions to reduce mortality in HIV-infected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics,Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI,USA.
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.affiliation: Program in Public Health,Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI,USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.affiliation: Body Art, Viral Hepatitis & HIV Analysis Unit, HIV/STD/VH/TB Epidemiology Section, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI,USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics,Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI,USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Todem
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics,Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI,USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics,Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI,USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D060085:Coinfection / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult