title: Solidified self-nanoemulsifying formulation for oral delivery of combinatorial therapeutic regimen: part I. Formulation development, statistical optimization, and in vitro characterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present work reports rationalized development and characterization of solidified self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for oral delivery of combinatorial (tamoxifen and quercetin) therapeutic regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Suitable oil for the preparation of liquid SNEDDS was selected based on the maximum saturation solubility of both the drugs while surfactant and co-surfactant were selected based on their emulsification ability. Extreme vertices mixture design and 3(2) full factorial design were implemented for optimization of liquid SNEDDS and concentration of solid carrier in lyophilization mixture. Finally, extensive characterization of the developed formulation was performed and in vitro cellular uptake was evaluated in Caco-2 cell culture model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extreme vertices mixture design indicated the desirability of 0.663, corresponded to 40:30:30 w/w as optimum ratio of oil (Capmul® MCM), surfactant (Cremophor RH 40) and co-surfactant (Labrafil 1944CS) in liquid SNEDDS, which solubilized high amount of tamoxifen (10 mg/g) and quercetin (19.44 mg/g). A, 3(2) full factorial design revealed the optimum concentration of the selected solid carrier (Aerosil 200) of 5.24% w/w and 1.61, when measured in terms of total solid content and liquid SNEDDS: Aerosil 200 ratio, respectively. The developed formulation revealed instantaneous emulsification (in < 2 min), while maintaning all the quality attributes even after storage at accelerated stability condition for 6 months. Finally, the developed formulation revealed 9.63-fold and 8.44-fold higher Caco-2 uptake of tamoxifen and quercetin, respectively in comparison with free drug counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed formulation strategy revealed a great potential for oral delivery of combination drugs having utmost clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, 160062, India.
authors.forename: Amit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thanki
authors.forename: Sanyog
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D020650:Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D045703:Emulsifying Agents