title: Effects of ensiling processes and antioxidants on fatty acid concentrations and compositions in corn silages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corn silage is the main dietary component used for ruminant breeding in China and is an important dietary source of fatty acids for these animals. However, little is known regarding effective means to protect the fatty acid (FA) contents in silages. In this study, we examined the changes in FA contents and compositions during corn ensiling and screened several antioxidants for their inhibition of lipid oxidation during corn ensiling.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted two different experiments. In Experiment 1, corn was ensiled in 30 polyethylene bottles (bottle volume: 1 L, silage density: 600 g/dm3) and three bottles were opened at 0.5 d, 1 d, 1.5 d, 2 d, 2.5 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d after ensiling. In Experiment 2, corn was treated with various antioxidants: (1) No additives (CK); (2) BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole); (3) TBHQ (Tertiary butyl hydroquinone); (4) TPP (Tea polyphenols); and (5) VE (Vitamin E). These treatments were applied at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of fresh weight with each treatment replicated 3 times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During ensiling in Experiment 1, saturated fatty acids (SFA; C16:0 and C18:0) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents tended to increase, whereas unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3) tended to decrease. However, these changes were only significant on the first 2 days of ensiling. In Experiment 2, all of the antioxidants tested affected the total FA contents and those of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3) and MDA. The effects of TBHQ and TPP were greater than those of the other antioxidants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduced total FA contents in corn silages were due to unsaturated fatty acids' oxidation during the early stages of ensiling. Adding an antioxidant could prevent fatty acids' oxidation in corn silages.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District Beijing, PRC, 100193, China. zhouhe@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou