title: Photodynamic activity of the boronated chlorin e6 amide in artificial and cellular membranes.
abstract: Photodynamic tumor-destroying activity of the boronated chlorin e6 derivative BACE (chlorin e6 13(1)-N-{2-[N-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)methyl]aminoethyl}amide-15(2), 17(3)-dimethyl ester), previously described in Moisenovich et al. (2010) PLoS ONE 5(9) e12717, was shown here to be enormously higher than that of unsubstituted chlorin e6, being supported by the data on much higher photocytotoxicity of BACE in M-1 sarcoma cell culture. To validate membrane damaging effect as the basis of the enhanced tumoricidal activity, BACE was compared with unsubstituted chlorin e6 in the potency to photosensitize dye leakage from liposomes, transbilayer lipid flip-flop, inactivation of gramicidin A ionic channels in planar lipid membranes and erythrocyte hemolysis. In all the models comprising artificial and cellular membranes, the photodynamic effect of BACE exceeded that of chlorin e6. BACE substantially differed from chlorin e6 in the affinity to liposomes and erythrocytes, as monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry and centrifugation. The results support the key role of membrane binding in the photodynamic effect of the boronated chlorin e6 amide.
authors.affiliation: Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: antonen@genebee.msu.ru.
authors.forename: Yuri N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Antonenko
authors.affiliation: Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kotova
authors.affiliation: Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Elena O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Omarova
authors.affiliation: Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Tatyana I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Rokitskaya
authors.affiliation: Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Valentina A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ol'shevskaya
authors.affiliation: Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Valery N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Kalinin
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Roza G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nikitina
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Osipchuk
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Mikhail A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alla A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ramonova
authors.affiliation: Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address: mmoisenovich@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Mikhail M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moisenovich
authors.affiliation: Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Shumakov Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Igor I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Agapov
authors.affiliation: Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Mikhail P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kirpichnikov
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008081:Liposomes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C062985:phytochlorin; D001895:Boron
keywords: 1-lauroyl-2-(1′pyrenebutyroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein; BACE; BLM; Bilayer lipid membrane; CF; Chol; DPhPC; EggPC; Erythrocyte; Flip-flop; Gramicidin channel; MTT; PBS; PDT; Photosensitizer; RBC; Tumor; bilayer lipid membrane; chlorin e(6) 13(1)-N-{2-[N-(1-carba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)methyl]aminoethyl}amide-15(2), 17(3)-dimethyl ester sodium; cholesterol; diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine; egg yolk phosphatidylcholine; gA; gramicidin A; phosphate buffer solution; photodynamic therapy; pyPC; red blood cell