title: Malaria case management in Papua New Guinea following the introduction of a revised treatment protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper reports on the availability of diagnostic tools and recommended anti-malarials in the 12-month period immediately following the implementation of a new national malaria treatment protocol (NMTP) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Health worker adherence to the new NMTP is also examined and comparisons made with previously reported pre-implementation findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A countrywide cross-sectional survey in randomly selected primary health care facilities (n = 88). Data were collected via passive observation of the clinical case management of fever or suspected malaria patients and via an interviewer administered questionnaire completed with the officer in charge of each participating health care facility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and the new first-line anti-malarial medication, artemether-lumefantrine (AL), were available in 53.4% and 51.1% of surveyed heath facilities, respectively. However, they were more widely available in the larger health centres as compared to the smaller aid-posts (90.2% vs. 21.3% and 87.8% vs. 19.2%, respectively). Overall, 68.3% of observed fever cases (n = 445) were tested for malaria by RDT and 39% prescribed an anti-malarial, inclusive of 98.2% of RDT positive patients and 19.8% of RDT negative cases. The availability and use of malaria RDTs was greater in the current survey as compared to pre-implementation of the new NMTP (8.9% vs. 53.4% & 16.2% vs. 68.3%, respectively) as was the availability of AL (0% vs. 51.1%). The percentage of fever patients prescribed anti-malarials decreased substantially post implementation of the new NMTP (96.4% vs. 39.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNG has achieved high coverage of malaria RDTs and AL at the health centre level, but these resources have yet to reach the majority of aid-posts. Malaria case management practice has substantially changed in the 12-month period immediately following the new NMTP, although full protocol adherence was rarely observed.
authors.affiliation: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, EHP 441, Papua New Guinea. justin.pulford@pngimr.org.pg.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pulford
authors.forename: Serah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kurumop
authors.forename: Yangta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ura
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Siba
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Manuel W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hetzel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019090:Case Management; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008288:Malaria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010219:Papua New Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires