title: Saddle nose: classification and therapeutic management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The understanding and treatment of saddle nose have always been a surgical challenge. The authors propose a three-stage classification of this deformity as well as a treatment strategy adapted to each case.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was carried out on 25 patients with saddle nose. After defining the three stages of saddle nose: minimal, moderate and major, the authors describe the treatment protocol adopted for each stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This series comprised 3 cases of minimal saddle nose, 17 cases of moderate saddle nose and 5 cases of major saddle nose. Minimal saddle nose was treated by extracorporeal rhinoplasty, an inverted U-shaped conchal graft was used to treat moderate saddle nose, and costal cartilage was used to reconstruct major saddle nose. Surgical approaches varied according to the technique adopted. Surgical revision was never required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saddle nose is a classical condition in facial reconstructive surgery. The proposed treatment strategy is based on detailed analysis of the clinical signs, resulting in a graduated solution adapted to each clinical case according to the severity of the deformity.
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex, France. Electronic address: mickael.durbec@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durbec
authors.affiliation: Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie cervico-maxillo-faciale, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Disant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Classification; Nose; Saddle; Treatment