title: Evaluation of the potential of soil remediation by direct multi-channel pulsed corona discharge in soil.
abstract: A novel approach, named multi-channel pulsed corona discharge in soil, was developed for remediating organic pollutants contaminated soil, with p-nitrophenol (PNP) as the model pollutant. The feasibility of PNP degradation in soil was explored by evaluating effects of pulse discharge voltage, air flow rate and soil moisture on PNP degradation. Based on roles of chemically active species and evolution of degradation intermediates, PNP degradation processes were discussed. Experimental results showed that about 89.4% of PNP was smoothly degraded within 60min of discharge treatment at pulse discharge voltage 27kV, soil moisture 5% and air flow rate 0.8Lmin(-1), and the degradation process fitted the first-order kinetic model. Increasing pulse discharge voltage was found to be favorable for PNP degradation, but not for energy yield. There existed appropriate air flow rate and soil moisture for obtaining gratifying PNP degradation efficacy. Roles of radical scavenger and measurement of active species suggested that ozone, H2O2, and OH radicals played very important roles in PNP degradation. CN bond in PNP molecule was cleaved, and the main intermediate products such as hydroquinone, benzoquinone, catechol, phenol, acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, NO2(-) and NO3(-) were identified. Possible pathway of PNP degradation in soil in such a system was proposed.
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China. Electronic address: wangtiecheng2008@126.com.
authors.forename: Tie Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangzhou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Electrostatics and Special Power, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D058626:Plasma Gases; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009596:Nitrophenols; D058626:Plasma Gases; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C024836:4-nitrophenol
keywords: Active species; Non-thermal discharge plasma; Soil remediation; p-Nitrophenol degradation