title: 2-Methoxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone (MNQ) suppresses the invasion and migration of a human metastatic breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231).
abstract: Metastasis contributes to the escalating mortality rate among cancer patients worldwide. The search for novel and more effective anti-metastatic agent is crucial owing to the lack of anticancer drugs that can successfully combat metastasis. Hence, this study aims to examine the effects of 2-Methoxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone (MNQ) towards the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. In invasion assays, the number of cells permeating across a Matrigel barrier was found to be decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with MNQ (0-7.5 μM). In wound-healing migration assays, MNQ exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of cell migration in which significant reduction in the zone of closure was observed as compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, the proteolytic activity of a pivotal metastatic mediator, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was also downregulated by MNQ as determined by gelatin zymography. This study reports for the first time, the ability of MNQ to inhibit the invasion and migration characteristics of a highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kitson
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Phelim Voon Chen
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Lot PT21144, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yang Mooi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Visweswaran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Navaratnam
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: anthony.ho@taylors.edu.my.
authors.forename: Anthony Siong Hock
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007797:Laminin; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D011509:Proteoglycans; C059485:matrigel; C096118:2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; D003094:Collagen; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: 2-Methoxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone; Invasion; MDA-MB-231 cells; Matrix metalloproteinases; Metastasis; Migration