title: Identifying potential kidney donors among newborns undergoing circulatory determination of death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over 96,000 patients await kidney transplantation in the United States, and 35,000 more are wait-listed annually. The demand for donor kidneys far outweighs supply, resulting in significant waiting list morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify potential kidney donors among newborns because en bloc kidney transplantation donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) may broaden the donor pool.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed discharges from our 84-bed NICU between November 2002 and October 2012 and identified all deaths. The mode of death among potential organ donors (weight ≥ 1.8 kg) was recorded. Patients undergoing withdrawal of life support were further evaluated for DCDD potential. After excluding patients with medical contraindications, those with warm ischemic time (WIT) less than 120 minutes were characterized as potential kidney donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 11,201 discharges. Of 609 deaths, 359 patients weighed ≥ 1.8 kg and 159 died after planned withdrawal of life support. The exact time of withdrawal could not be determined for 2 patients, and 100 had at least 1 exclusion criterion. Of the remaining patients, 42 to 57 infants were potential en bloc kidney donors depending on acceptance threshold for WIT. Applying a 40% to 70% consent rate range would yield 1.7 to 4 newborn DCDD donors per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A neonatal DCDD kidney program at our institution could provide 2 to 4 paired kidneys for en bloc transplantation each year. Implementing a DCDD kidney donation program in NICUs could add a new source of donors and increase the number of kidneys available for transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, 11175 Campus St, CP A1117, Loma Linda, CA 92354. mmathur@llu.edu.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Sunhwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Willey
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castleberry
authors.forename: Mudit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathur
mesh_terms: D003643:Death; D046148:Donor Selection / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008020:Life Support Care; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D028761:Withholding Treatment
keywords: NICU; donation after circulatory determination of death; en bloc transplantation; kidney donation; kidney transplantation; newborns