title: Differential effects of temporal regularity on auditory-evoked response amplitude: a decrease in silence and increase in noise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In daily life, we are continuously exposed to temporally regular and irregular sounds. Previous studies have demonstrated that the temporal regularity of sound sequences influences neural activity. However, it remains unresolved how temporal regularity affects neural activity in noisy environments, when attention of the listener is not focused on the sound input.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, using magnetoencephalography we investigated the effects of temporal regularity in sound signal sequencing (regular vs. irregular) in silent versus noisy environments during distracted listening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that temporal regularity differentially affected the auditory-evoked N1m response depending on the background acoustic environment: the N1m amplitudes elicited by the temporally regular sounds were smaller in silence and larger in noise than those elicited by the temporally irregular sounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the human auditory system is able to involuntarily utilize temporal regularity in sound signals to modulate the neural activity in the auditory cortex in accordance with the surrounding acoustic environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, JAPAN. hokamoto@nips.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teismann
authors.forename: Sumru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keceli
authors.forename: Christo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantev
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kakigi
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology