title: Pharmacogenomics of biological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrates a high heterogeneity in clinical responses to treatment. Although the efficacy of biological therapy has undoubtedly been established, the response differs considerably between individuals. This variability between individuals has aroused the research for biomarkers predictive of treatment response. Pharmacogenomics underlying individual responses to drugs is rapidly developed and has the potential of realizing the personalized therapy in RA. This review will summarize the pharmacogenomics of biological therapies approved for clinical RA treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacogenomics underlies individual responses to biological drugs in RA. Current studies on pharmacogenomics of biological therapy in RA are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The personalized treatment in RA according to pharmacogenomics is promising, but the available pharmacogenomic data on biological treatment in RA are not adequate and consistent and still require further larger sample studies to corroborate.
authors.affiliation: Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Department of Rheumatology , Changsha, HU-NAN, 410011 , China lifen5295255@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Guang-hui
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000737:chemistry; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000069283:Rituximab; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D001688:Biological Products; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069283:Rituximab; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept