title: The expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in CD4(+) T cells from mouse lymph nodes and spleen during HSV-1-induced facial palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is regarded as an important underlying cause of Bell's palsy, but the immunologic mechanism remains unknown. Here, we employed a mouse facial paralysis model to investigate the expressions of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and interleukin (IL)-2 and -4 in the left draining cervical lymph nodes (LCLN) and spleen, as well as the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  HSV-1 was inoculated into the surface of the posterior auricle to generate the facial paralysis model. The paralyzed mice were divided into three groups; in one group without any treatment, mice were killed at different time points, and those in the other two groups were injected with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) or with a combination of MPSS and GC receptor blocker (RU486). The expression levels of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and CD4(+)-IL-2(+) and CD4(+)-IL-4(+) cells in the LCLN and spleen were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression levels of CD4(+), IL-2, and IL-4 first increased then decreased in LCLN and spleen and peaked 5 and 7 days, respectively, after the manifestation of facial paralysis. All the data at the peak points were significantly different compared with control (p < 0.05), and these effects were inhibited by MPSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that CD4(+), IL-2, and IL-4 participate in the HSV-1-induced facial paralysis immune response. MPSS can effectively attenuate HSV-1-mediated nervous system damage, which is associated with its inhibitory effect on expression of these inflammatory markers.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lintao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yuechen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020330:Bell Palsy / Q000276:immunology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015847:Interleukin-4