title: Differences in bacterial saliva profile between periodontitis patients and a control cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease in which subgingival bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of this study was to determine if periodontitis is associated with a characteristic salivary bacterial profile. This was accomplished by comparing the bacterial profile of saliva from subjects with chronic periodontitis with that of saliva from a control cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stimulated saliva samples from 139 chronic periodontitis patients and 447 samples from a control cohort were analysed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM). Frequency and levels (mean HOMIM-value) of around 300 bacterial taxa/clusters in samples were used as parameters for investigation. Differences at taxon/cluster values between groups were analysed using Mann-Whitney U-test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Principal component analysis was used to visualize bacterial community profiles obtained by the HOMIM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight bacterial taxa, including putative periodontal pathogens as Parvimonas micra and Filifactor alocis, and four bacterial clusters were identified statistically more frequently and at higher levels in samples from periodontitis patients than in samples from the control cohort. These differences were independent of the individuals' smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontitis is associated with a characteristic bacterial profile of saliva different from that of a control cohort.
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belstrøm
authors.forename: Nils-Erik
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Fiehn
authors.forename: Claus H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kirkby
authors.forename: Svante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Twetman
authors.forename: Vanja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klepac-Ceraj
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Paster
authors.forename: Palle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmstrup
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000145:classification; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000382:microbiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D012907:Smoking; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification
keywords: 16S rRNA; HOMIM; bacteria; biomarker; periodontitis; saliva