title: Combination BMSC and Niaspan treatment of stroke enhances white matter remodeling and synaptic protein expression in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  White matter remodeling plays an important role in neurological recovery after stroke. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and Niaspan, an agent which increases high density lipoprotein (HDL), each induces neurorestorative effects and promotes white matter remodeling after stroke in non-diabetic rats. In this study, we test whether combination of BMSCs with Niaspan induces an enhanced white matter remodeling in the ischemic brain of diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type-1 diabetes (T1DM) rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with or without BMSCs; Niaspan; and the combination of BMSCs + Niaspan daily for 14 days after MCAo. Immunostaining for white matter remodeling and synaptic protein expression including NG2; CNPase; BS (Bielschowsky silver); LFB (luxol fast blue); Synaptophysin and SMI-31 immunostaining were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMSC monotherapy did not regulate NG2 and CNPase expression compared to T1DM control rats. Both, combination of BMSCs + Niaspan treatment, and Niaspan monotherapy significantly increase NG2 and CNPase expression compared to T1DM control. While combination BMSC+Niaspan, BMSC monotherapy and Niaspan monotherapy groups all increase BS, LFB, synaptophysin, and SMI-31 expression in the ischemic brain compared to T1DM-MCAo control. In addition, the combination treatment significantly enhances LFB, SMI-31, and Synaptophysin expression compared to BMSC monotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination treatment of stroke with BMSCs and Niaspan in T1DM rats increases white matter remodeling and additively increases BMSC monotherapy induced myelination and synaptic plasticity after stroke in T1DM rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China. jieli@neuro.hfh.edu.
authors.forename: Xinchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zacharek
authors.forename: Ruizhuo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Poornima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venkat
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Jieli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000096:biosynthesis; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013569:Synapses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D009525:Niacin