title: Chitosan coupling makes microbial biofilms susceptible to antibiotics.
abstract: Microbial biofilms, prevalent in nature and inherently resistant to both antimicrobial agents and host defenses, can cause serious problems in the chemical, medical and pharmaceutical industries. Herein we demonstrated that conjugation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic (streptomycin) to chitosan could efficiently damage established biofilms and inhibit biofilm formation. This method was suitable to eradiate biofilms formed by Gram-positive organisms, and it appeared that antibiotic contents, molecular size and positive charges of the conjugate were the key to retain this anti-biofilm activity. Mechanistic insight demonstrated chitosan conjugation rendered streptomycin more accessible into biofilms, thereby available to interact with biofilm bacteria. Thus, this work represent an innovative strategy that antibiotic covalently linked to carbohydrate carriers can overcome antibiotic resistance of microbial biofilms, and might provide a comprehensive solution to combat biofilms in industrial and medical settings.
authors.affiliation: 1] College of science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China [2].
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Wuxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guoting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jinyou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D048271:Chitosan; D013307:Streptomycin