title: Today's and yesterday's of pathophysiology: biochemistry of metabolic syndrome and animal models.
abstract: During the past 20 y, there has been much interest in sugars and especially fructose in relation to human health. Over the past decade, considerable scientific debate and controversy have arisen about the potential health effects of sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and fructose itself. HFCS increasingly has been used as a sweetener in thousands of food products and soft drinks, leading to the development of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in both rodents and humans, which is associated with an increase in body weight. There is a need for detailed research on the mechanism underlying MetS that could lead to a remedy. This review will first systematically present a definition of MetS, its history, prevalence, and comparative diagnostic criteria. We will then consider fructose and its effects on human health, the diet-induced obesity model (various fat contents), the hypercholesterolemic model, the diabetes model, the hypertensive model, the MetS or insulin resistance model, and biomarkers related to MetS, in light of contemporary data using multiple databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and OVID).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. Electronic address: saydin1@firat.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalayci
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuloglu
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Citil
authors.forename: Zekiye
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Catak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002149:Energy Intake; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose
keywords: Biochemistry; Experimental animal models; Fructose mechanism; Metabolic syndrome