title: Remote ischemic preconditioning and renoprotection: from myth to a novel therapeutic option?
abstract: There is currently no effective prophylactic regimen available to prevent contrast-induced AKI (CI-AKI), a frequent and life-threatening complication after cardiac catheterization. Therefore, novel treatment strategies are required to decrease CI-AKI incidence and to improve clinical outcomes in these patients. Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), defined as transient brief episodes of ischemia at a remote site before a subsequent prolonged ischemia/reperfusion injury of the target organ, is an adaptational response that protects against ischemic and reperfusion insult. Indeed, several studies demonstrated the tissue-protective effects of rIPC in various target organs, including the kidneys. In this regard, rIPC may offer a novel noninvasive and virtually cost-free treatment strategy for decreasing CI-AKI incidence. This review evaluates the current experimental and clinical evidence for rIPC as a potential renoprotective strategy, and discusses the underlying mechanisms and key areas for future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
authors.forename: Natig
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gassanov
authors.forename: Amir M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nia
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caglayan
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Er
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009928:Organ Specificity; D058958:Organs at Risk; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D003287:Contrast Media