title: Isolation of active compounds from methanol extracts of Toddalia asiatica against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish (Carassius auratus).
abstract: The parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. The present study aims to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the active components from Toddalia asiatica against I. multifiliis. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of compounds with antiparasitic activity were performed on the methanol extract of T. asiatica yielding two bioactive compounds: chelerythrine and chloroxylonine identified by comparing spectral data (NMR and ESI-MS) with literature values. Results from in vitro antiparasitic assays revealed that chelerythrine and chloroxylonine could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis at the concentration of 1.2 mg L(-1) and 3.5 mg L(-1), with the median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.55 mg L(-1) and 1.90 mg L(-1) respectively. In vivo experiments demonstrated that fish treated with chelerythrine and chloroxylonine at the concentrations of 1.8 and 8.0 mg L(-1) carried significantly fewer parasites than the control (P<0.05). The acute toxicity (LC50) of chelerythrine for goldfish was 3.3 mg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Qing-feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-huan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Yun-hang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the People's Republic of China, Jilin, Changchun 130062, China.
authors.forename: Wei-li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China. Electronic address: yaojiamm131@163.com.
authors.forename: Ai-dong
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053119:Benzophenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006054:Goldfish / Q000469:parasitology*; D016803:Hymenostomatida / Q000187:drug effects*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D010936:Plant Extracts; C016299:chelerythrine; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Antiparasitic activity; Chelerythrine; Chloroxylonine; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Toddalia asiatica