title: Comparative analysis of gingival tissue antigen presentation pathways in ageing and periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gingival tissues of periodontitis lesions contribute to local elevations in mediators, including both specific T cell and antibody immune responses to oral bacterial antigens. Thus, antigen processing and presentation activities must exist in these tissues to link antigen-presenting cells with adaptive immunity. We hypothesized that alterations in the transcriptome of antigen processing and presentation genes occur in ageing gingival tissues and that periodontitis enhances these differences reflecting tissues less capable of immune resistance to oral pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rhesus monkeys (n = 34) from 3 to 23 years of age were examined. A buccal gingival sample from healthy or periodontitis sites was obtained, total RNA isolated, and microarray analysis was used to describe the transcriptome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated increased transcription of genes related to the MHC class II and negative regulation of NK cells with ageing in healthy gingival tissues. In contrast, both adult and ageing periodontitis tissues showed decreased transcription of genes for MHC class II antigens, coincident with up-regulation of MHC class I-associated genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These transcriptional changes suggest a response of healthy ageing tissues through the class II pathway (i.e. endocytosed antigens) and altered responses in periodontitis that could reflect host-associated self-antigens or targeting cytosolic intracellular microbial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Octavio A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Sreenatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirakodu
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orraca
authors.forename: Kuey-Chu
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Arny
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stromberg
authors.forename: Janis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Martinez
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ebersole
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology*; D059868:HLA-DP beta-Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D059805:HLA-DR alpha-Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D059868:HLA-DP beta-Chains; C071170:HLA-DPB1 antigen; D059805:HLA-DR alpha-Chains; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: adaptive immunity; ageing; antigen presentation; periodontitis