title: Determination of carbadox and olaquindox metabolites in swine muscle by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: This paper presents LC-MS/MS method that was developed for the simultaneous determination and confirmation metabolites of carbadox (desoxycarbadox, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic) and olaquindox (3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid) residues in pig muscle tissues at concentrations ≤3.0μgkg(-1). Pig muscle tissues were deproteinated with meta-phosphoric acid in methanol and then were extracted with ethyl acetate:dichloromethane (50:50, v/v). The whole extracts were evaporated to dryness in rotary evaporator at 45°C, and dry residues were re-dissolved in 0.5% isopropanol in 1% acetic acid. The LC separation was performed on a C8 column with a gradient system consisting of isopropanol/water/acetic acid and methanol as the mobile phase. Additionally SelexION™ technology to reduce matrix effect was used. The decision limit (CCα) ranged from 1.04μgkg(-1) to 2.11μgkg(-1) and the detection capability (CCβ) ranged from 1.46μgkg(-1) to 2.89μgkg(-1). The total recoveries were from 99.8% to 101.2%. The results of validation fulfil the requirement of the confirmatory criteria according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. Electronic address: sniego@piwet.pulawy.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sniegocki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gbylik-Sikorska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Posyniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zmudzki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002218:Carbadox / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011810:Quinoxalines; C013168:olaquindox; D002218:Carbadox
keywords: Carbadox; Metabolites; Olaquindox; SelexION™