title: Establishment of ruminal bacterial community in dairy calves from birth to weaning is sequential.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Establishment of ruminal bacterial community in dairy calves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rumen bacterial community was analysed on 6 calves bred according to commercial practices from day one to weaning at day 83 of age, using 454 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing. Samples taken at day 1 did not produce amplicons. Analysis of data revealed a three-stage implantation process with a progressive but important shift of composition. At day 2, the bacterial community was mainly composed of Proteobacteria (70%) and Bacteroidetes (14%), and Pasteurellaceae was the dominant family (58%). The bacterial community abruptly changed between days 2 and 3, and until day 12, dominant genera were Bacteroides (21%), Prevotella (11%), Fusobacterium (5%) and Streptococcus (4%). From 15 to 83 days, when solid food intake rapidly increased, Prevotella became dominant (42%) and many genera strongly decreased or were no longer detected. A limited number of bacteria genera correlated with feed intake, rumen volatile fatty acids and enzymatic activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ruminal bacterial community is established before intake of solid food, but solid food arrival in turn shapes this community.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides insight into the establishment of calves' rumen bacterial community and suggests a strong effect of diet.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Enjalbert
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Combes
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cauquil
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR444 Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, INRA Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouchez
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Castanet-Tolosan, France.|Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR1289 Tissus Animaux Nutrition Digestion Ecosystème et Métabolisme, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Monteils
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D002417:Cattle; D003126:Colostrum / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet / Q000145:classification / Q000662:veterinary*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005673:Fusobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D015661:Pasteurellaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018720:Prevotella / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012417:Rumen / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: 454 pyrosequencing; bacteria; dairy calves; neonate; rumen; taxonomy