title: [Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of maxillary protraction based on labiolingual appliance].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to analyze the biomechanical effects of four sutures that are related to maxillary growth during a maxillary protraction treatment cycle based on labiolingual appliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-dimensional simulation of labiolingual appliance was performed based on a three-dimensional finite-element maxillofacial model combined with solid-modeled sutures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The displacement and stress distributions were calculated. The labiolingual appliance was suitable for patients with underbites or deep overbites. Sutura frontomaxillaris and sutura zygomaticomaxillaris were vital to the forward displacement and counterclockwise rotation of the maxillary. The changes in sutura zygomaticotemporalis and sutura palatine were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influences of the labiolingual appliance on the sutures during the treatment cycle of maxillary protraction can be effectively simulated by the three-dimensional finite-element maxillofacial model.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontics, Changchun Stomatological Hospital, Changchun 130031, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xianchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jingfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Guanqun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003393:Cranial Sutures; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D012886:Skull