title: Paradoxical embolus straddling patent foramen ovale demonstrated by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography.
abstract: An elderly gentleman presented to the emergency department with a recent history of dyspnoea, collapse and transient neurological symptoms. He was noted to be hypoxic with a significantly elevated D Dimer. A computer tomography pulmonary angiogram demonstrated a large embolus with a further filling defects within the left and the right atria, abutting the inter-atrial septum. Suspicion of a paradoxical pulmonary embolus was raised and the patient subsequently underwent echocardiography which confirmed a patent foramen ovale (PFO). He was commenced on warfarin therapy. In patients with elevated right heart pressure, a PFO can be unmasked and give rise to cerebral emboli. Clinical suspicion should be raised in patients with pulmonary emboli or deep venous thrombosis if there is a concomitant history of focal neurological symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Laura Cormack, John T Murchison, Department of Radiology, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cormack
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Murchison
keywords: Computer tomography pulmonary angiogram; Paradoxical embolus; Patent foramen ovale; Pulmonary embolus; Stroke