title: Current cigarette smoking among HIV-positive current and former drug users: associations with individual and social characteristics.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is endemic among HIV-positive populations and is related to substantial morbidity and mortality. Research has largely focused on individual-level characteristics associated with smoking, with less attention to social factors. We aimed to explore individual- and social-level characteristics associated with current cigarette smoking among people living with HIV. Data came from 358 individuals on antiretroviral therapy interviewed in a study on informal HIV caregiving, conducted in Baltimore, MD, USA. Most participants (75 %) were current smokers and 45 % reported current illegal drug use. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, current drug use (aOR 2.90, 95 % CI 1.58-5.30), 12-step program participation (aOR 1.74, 95 % CI 1.02-2.97), and having a main Supporter who is a current smoker (aOR 1.93, 95 % CI 1.12-3.33) were associated with current smoking. Findings suggest the importance of social-level factors in cigarette smoking among HIV seropositive drug users and have implications for developing targeted smoking cessation interventions for smokers living with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA, lpacek@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Lauren R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pacek
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Latkin
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Crum
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Knowlton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012931:Social Environment; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices