title: Salivary lysosomal exoglycosidases profiles in patients with insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we have investigated the effects of type I (insulin-dependent) and II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus on the specific activity and the output of salivary exoglycosidases: N-acetyl-β-hexosoaminidase (HEX), and its isoenzymes A and B (HEX A, HEX B), and β-glucuronidase (GLU) in well controlled diabetic patients compared to healthy age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the saliva HEX, HEX A, HEX B and GLU were determined according to Marciniak et al. Protein was determined by the Lowry et al. method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that in the case of type I diabetes, the significantly increased activity of salivary total HEX is mainly due to the significantly increased HEX A specific activity. Significantly increased HEX specific activity in DM II is an outcome of significantly increased HEX A as well as HEX B specific activities in comparison to the appropriate healthy control. Our results showed a significant increase in the specific activity of GLU in saliva of type II diabetes patients. The output of lysosomal exoglycosidases showed a similar significant increase compared to the healthy control, in both groups of diabetes mellitus patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated that non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus more strongly modify salivary glands glycoconjugates catabolism, which can be attributed to functional and morphological changes. A significant increase in the outputs of exoglycosidases in saliva of both type diabetes patients once more indicates that special attention should be paid to the oral health of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University in Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalewska
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knaś
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niczyporuk
authors.forename: Hady Hady
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Razak
authors.forename: Napoleon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waszkiewicz
authors.forename: Adrian Wojciech
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Przystupa
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waszkiel
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zarzycki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases