title: Risk factors and clinical aspects of recurrent invasive cervical carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrence of cervical cancer is one of the important and plausible discussions in oncology especially in patients with advanced stages. The purpose of this study was to introduce probability invasive cervical carcinoma recurrence as well as determining characteristics and the prognostic factors of this entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was designed to identify risk factors and pattern of uterine cervical carcinoma recurrence evaluating the outcome of 36 registered patients. Recurrence was defined based on clinical or para-clinical documentation over at least 6 months after complete remission following surgery or radiotherapy. Treatment consisted of a radiosurgical combination and exclusive radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age in selected patients is 54.8 ± 12.0 years. The pathological reports of primary diagnosis are squamous cell carcinoma in 94.44 % and adenocarcinoma in remaining patients. Mean duration of recurrence among patients is 2.75 ± 1.5 years after the initial treatment. Metrorrhagia is mostly revealing symptom which patients present in recurrent episode. Usually, the recurrence of cervical cancer is presented in pelvic cavity locally. Marginal involvement is documented in 50 % of cases and lymph node in 33.3 % of patients with recurrent episode being involved. Most important prognostic factors are improper treatment (16.66 % of cases) after initial diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prognostic factors such as selection of appropriate method for treatment are an important point for reducing the rate of recurrence. Moreover, warning patients about symptoms and frequent episodes of follow up is necessary for early diagnosis of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahdiyeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 16, Fadaieaneslam Street, Shoush Avenue, 1185817311 Tehran, Iran ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghaemmaghami
authors.forename: Sorayya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleh-Gargari
authors.forename: Behrokh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahebdel
authors.forename: Nadereh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Behtash
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Samiei
keywords: Recurrence; Risk factor; Uterine cervix