title: Urinary fractalkine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as possible predictors of disease activity of childhood glomerulonephritis.
abstract: Renal biopsy is the gold standard for confirmation of disease severity and diagnosis of glomerulonephritis (GN), but its procedure is invasive with a risk of complications. Thus, a non-invasive monitoring method is desirable especially in pediatric patients. Fractalkine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are proinflammatory chemokines, and both have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of immunocomplex-mediated GN. Recently, it has been reported that urinary fractalkine and MCP-1 may serve as possible predictors of disease activity of adult patients with GN. We, therefore, examined whether urinary levels of fractalkine and MCP-1 correlate with clinical and histologic parameters. Twenty-six consecutive children with various types of GN were enrolled in this study, including lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, acute GN, and thin basement membrane disease (served as a non-inflammatory control). Urinary fractalkine and MCP-1 concentrations in the first morning urine samples obtained at the time of renal biopsy were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and standardized for urinary creatinine concentrations. Urinary fractalkine concentration differed significantly among the disease categories. Urinary concentrations of fractalkine and MCP-1 showed a significant positive correlation with the degree of occult blood in urine and a significant inverse correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, the urinary MCP-1 concentration was significantly correlated with histological chronicity indices in patients with lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy. Measurement of urinary fractalkine and MCP-1 concentrations may be useful as a non-invasive method for predicting the disease activity of GN in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Tadaatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuruga
authors.forename: Shojiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Naonori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Etsuro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000652:urine*; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000652:urine*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000652:urine*; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000652:urine; D015433:Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D018925:Chemokines; D003404:Creatinine