title: Application of ultrasound and quartz sand for the removal of disinfection byproducts from drinking water.
abstract: To the best of our knowledge, little information is available on the combined use of ultrasound (US) and quartz sand (QS) in the removal of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from drinking water. This study investigates the removal efficiency for 12 DBPs from drinking water by 20 kHz sonolytic treatment, QS adsorption, and their combination. Results indicate that DBPs with logKow≤1.12 could not be sonolysized; for logKow≥1.97, more than 20% removal efficiency was observed, but the removal efficiency was unrelated to logKow. DBPs containing a nitro group are more sensitive to US than those that comprise nitrile, hydrogen, and hydroxyl groups. Among the 12 investigated DBPs, 9 could be adsorbed by QS adsorption. The adsorption efficiency ranged from 12% for 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone to 80% for trichloroacetonitrile. A synergistic effect was found between the US and QS on DBPs removal, and all the 12 DBPs could be effectively removed by the combined use of US and QS. In the presence of US, part of the QS particles were corroded into small particles which play a role in increasing the number of cavitation bubbles and reducing cavitation bubble size and then improve the removal efficiency of DBPs. On the other hand, the presence of US enhances the DBP mass transfer rate to cavitation bubbles and quartz sand. In addition, sonolytic treatment led to a slight decrease of pH, and TOC values decreased under all the three treatment processes.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Jiancong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
authors.forename: Zhongmou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Changchun 130118, China. Electronic address: huomx097@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mingxin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huo
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004203:Disinfection; D060766:Drinking Water; D011791:Quartz / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013016:Sound; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011791:Quartz; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: Disinfection byproduct; Drinking water; Quartz sand; Synergistic effect; Ultrasound