title: Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 polymorphisms are associated with components of energy balance in the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates energy balance and body composition in animal models. Inconsistent effects of MCHR1 polymorphisms on energy homeostasis in humans may partly be attributable to environmental factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effect of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs133073, rs133074, rs9611386, and rs882111) in the MCHR1 gene on body composition as well as energy-related lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity). We also examined the effect of gene-lifestyle interactions on body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1153 participants (248 men and 905 women) from the cross-sectional Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study were genotyped by using probe-based chemistry validated assays. Diet and physical activity were estimated by using validated frequency questionnaires, and body composition was assessed by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three polymorphisms (rs9611386, rs882111, and rs133073) were associated with differences in body-composition measurements (all P < 0.05). There was an interaction between rs9611386 and carbohydrate intake on total mass and waist circumference (both P ≤ 0.01). There was also an interaction between rs9611386 and body mass index categories (normal weight, overweight, and obese) on energy intakes (P = 0.02). A similar interaction was shown with rs882111 (P = 0.02). Interactions were also observed between each of these polymorphisms (rs9611386, rs882111, and rs133073) and physical activity score on body-composition measurements (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that polymorphisms in the MCHR1 gene are associated with differences in body composition and interact with physiologic and energy-related lifestyle factors.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada (BF-B), and the Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Canada (JT, AG, HZ, and GS).
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fontaine-Bisson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorburn
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D050177:Overweight / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C103263:MCHR1 protein, human; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin