title: Different anesthesia regimes modulate the functional connectivity outcome in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) in preclinical research is expanding progressively, with the majority of resting-state imaging performed in anesthetized animals. Since anesthesia may change the physiology and, in particular, the neuronal activity of an animal considerably, it may also affect rsfMRI findings. Therefore, this study compared rsfMRI data from awake mice with rsfMRI results obtained from mice anesthetized with α-chloralose (120 mg/kg), urethane (2.5 g/kg), or isoflurane (1%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional connectivity (FC) was estimated using both independent component analysis (40 components) and ROI-based analysis to zoom in on the effect of different anesthetics on inter-hemispheric FC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data revealed an important diminishment of cortical interhemispheric FC in both the α-chloralose and urethane groups in comparison with the isoflurane and awake groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When performing FC analysis in anesthetized mice, the impact of anesthetics must be taken into account. The required doses for stable anesthesia during MRI significantly decrease interhemispheric FC.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Imaging Lab, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jonckers
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delgado y Palacios
authors.forename: Disha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guglielmetti
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhoye
authors.forename: Annemie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van der Linden
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002698:Chloralose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014520:Urethane / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002698:Chloralose; D014520:Urethane; D007530:Isoflurane
keywords: conscious; functional connectivity; isoflurane, mouse; urethane; α-chloralose