title: Quantitative on-line preconcentration-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in water.
abstract: One of the current environmental issues concerns the presence and fate of pharmaceuticals in water bodies as these compounds may represent a potential environmental problem. The characterization of pharmaceutical contamination requires powerful analytical method able to quantify these pollutants at very low concentration (few ng L(-1)). In this work, a multi-residue analytical methodology (on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using positive and negative electrospray ionization) has been developed and validated for 40 multi-class pharmaceuticals and metabolites for tap and surface waters. This on-line SPE method was very convenient and efficient compared to classical off-line SPE method because of its shorter total run time including sample preparation and smaller sample volume (1 mL vs up to 1 L). The optimized method included several therapeutic classes as lipid regulators, antibiotics, beta-blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, antineoplastic, etc., with various physicochemical properties. Quantification has been achieved with the internal standards. The limits of detection are between 0.7 and 15 ng L(-1) for drinking waters and 2-15 ng L(-1) for surface waters. The inter-day precision values are below 20% for each studied level. The improvement and strength of the analytical method has been verified along a monitoring of these 40 pharmaceuticals in Isle River, a French stream located in the South West of France. During this survey, 16 pharmaceutical compounds have been detected.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyse et de Recherche de la Dordogne, LDAR24, F-24660 Coulounieix Chamiers, France; University of Bordeaux, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico et Toxico Chimie de l'Environnement, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Salima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Idder
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ley
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazellier
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budzinski
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000592:standards; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000592:standards; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000592:standards; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014867:Water
keywords: Environment; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS); Multi-residue analysis; On-line preconcentration; Pharmaceuticals; Water analysis