title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: expressing cells in inflammatory bowel disease-a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise and enumerate IDO(+) cells, Tregs, and T cell subsets in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) with regard to their clinical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten active UC (aUC), 10 inactive UC (iUC), 6 aCD, and 8 iCD patients and 10 healthy individuals were included in the study. Circulating Foxp3-, IDO-, IL-17A-, IL-4-, IFN- γ -, and IL-10-expressing CD4(+) T cells were quantitated by flow cytometry. Interleukin-17-expressing cells, CD25(+)/Foxp3(+) Tregs, and CD123(+)/IDO(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells were evaluated in intestinal biopsies from 10 aUC, 6 aCD, and 10 noninflamed tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All CD4(+) T subsets were increased in aIBD patients compared with healthy donors. Meanwhile, frequency of CD8 α (+)/CD16(+)/IDO(+), CD8 α (+)/CD56(+)/IDO(+), CD8 α (+)/CD80(+)/IDO(+), CD8 α (+)/CD123(+)/IDO(+) large granular nonlymphoid cells, and CCR6(+)/CD123(+)/IDO(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells was higher in aIBD patients versus healthy donors or iIBD patients. Tissue IL-17A(+) cells were present in higher amounts in aIBD versus noninflamed controls. IDO- and Foxp3-expressing cells were increased in aUC versus aCD patients and noninflamed tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings represent an original work in Mexican Mestizo patients with IBD. It shows that Tregs and IDO-expressing cells are increased with regard to disease activity. These cells could significantly shape inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology, severity, and tolerance loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furuzawa-Carballeda
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fonseca-Camarillo
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Jesús K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yamamoto-Furusho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D020381:Interleukin-17