title: The Public Health Responsibility Deal: brokering a deal for public health, but on whose terms?
abstract: Coalitions of multinational food and drink businesses have pledged to reformulate their products and to market them responsibly. Largely business-led and self-regulated, the integrity of these voluntary initiatives has been questioned. The Public Health Responsibility Deal in England is an example of a voluntary initiative that is government-led. Does this approach provide evidence that with public leadership there is potential for voluntary actions to deliver meaningful results for public health?
  
  
  METHODS
  The subject of the research is the calorie reduction initiative of the Responsibility Deal. Source material was obtained primarily through a series of UK Freedom of Information requests and comprises previously unpublished Department of Health documentation relating to relevant meetings held during 2011 and 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Responsibility Deal approach to calorie reduction deliberately involves the food industry in the specification of the measures it is to implement (reformulation and portion control). Finding the common ground between private and public interests has resulted in the deflection of public health objectives and the preclusion of adequate monitoring and evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Responsibility Deal approach is fundamentally flawed in its expectation that industry will take voluntary actions that prioritise public health interests above its own. Being government-led counts for little in the absence of sanctions to drive compliance. Instead the initiative affords private interests the opportunity to influence in their favour the public health policies and strategies that affect their products.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Food Policy, Department of Sociology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panjwani
authors.affiliation: Centre for Food Policy, Department of Sociology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.caraher@city.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caraher
mesh_terms: D019649:Food Industry; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D011635:Public Health Administration; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012941:Social Responsibility; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006113:United Kingdom; D035141:Voluntary Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*
keywords: Corporate social responsibility; Food industry; Obesity; Public health; Public private partnership; Responsibility Deal