title: Sensitivity of freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea luteola L., to silver nanoparticles.
abstract: Toxicity of nanoparticles depends on many factors including size, shape, chemical composition, surface area and surface charge. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are likely to enter the aquatic ecosystems because of their multiple applications and pose a health concern for humans and aquatic species. Therefore, we used a freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola L (L. luteola) to investigate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of AgNPs in a static-renewal system for 96 h. AgNPs caused molluscicidal activity in L. luteola, with 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50) (48.10 μg L(-1)). We have observed that AgNPs (36 μg L(-1)) elicited a significant (p<0.01) reduction in glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde level and catalase in digestive gland of L. luteola. However, a significant (p<0.01) induction in DNA damage was observed by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis in digestive gland cells treated with AgNPs for 24 and 96 h. These results demonstrate that silver nanoparticles are lethal to freshwater snail L. luteola. The oxidative stress biomarkers and comet assay can successfully be used as sensitive tools of aquatic pollution biomonitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: daudali.ksu12@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Daoud
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Phool Gend
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Huma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alarifi
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdul Halim
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Harrath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012834:Silver
keywords: Comet assay: Lymnaea luteola L; DNA damage; Oxidative stress; Silver nanoparticles