title: Cyanines in photodynamic reaction assisted by reversible electroporation--in vitro study on human breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ineffective drug delivery is a vast problem of anticancer therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of enhancement of cyanines transport through the cell membrane by electroporation and to evaluate a photodynamic activity of these compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated in vitro the effectiveness of photodynamic reaction with cyanines on breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7/WT) and normal Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) lacking voltage-dependent ion channels, alone and combined with electropermeabilization. Among six cyanines tested, two compounds could be indicated as good therapeutic candidates: IR-775 and IR-786. Cellular effects were assessed with MTT assay reporting cell mitochondrial activity and with SRB assay based on the measurement of cellular protein content. Cyanines localization was observed with confocal microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Photodynamic reaction of MCF-7/WT cells with IR-775 and IR-786 did not result in cellular dysfunction. Electric field intensities and pulse duration, non-toxic for cells, significantly increased photocytotoxicity of the cyanines after electropermeabilization with IR-775 and IR-786. Much shorter exposure times were efficient for cyanines in photodynamic reaction assisted by electroporation (10 min instead of 24h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that electroporation of cancerous cells in the presence of cyanine dyes could increase the uptake of the photosensitizer, which correlates with a higher cytotoxicity in the breast adenocarcinoma cell line. Electroporation may be an attractive delivery system for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, enabling application of new compounds and reduction of drug dose and exposure time.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wezgowiec
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotulska
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saczko
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Derylo
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teissie
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rols
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orio
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garbiec
authors.forename: Julita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulbacka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: Breast cancer cells; Cyanine; Drug delivery; Electropermeabilization; Electroporation; Photodynamic reaction