title: Collapsing glomerulopathy in collagen vascular-like disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a podocytopathy that is usually associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and parvovirus B19 infections. CG has been reported in association with definite collagen vascular diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There are a few case reports in the nephrology literature of patients with CG and marked serological abnormalities who do not have sufficient clinical findings to diagnose definite collagen vascular disease. We wish to expand the spectrum of rheumatologic disease that accompanies CG. We describe four patients with CG and collagen vascular-like disease and compare these with 14 similar cases reported in the medical literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports of four new patients with CG and collagen vascular-like disease are presented. We performed a systematic literature review to find all other cases and construct a profile of patients with CG and collagen vascular-like disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had a similar mode of presentation with severe nephrotic range proteinuria and renal insufficiency resistant to steroids and usual immunomodulatory therapy. All patients had positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) as well as other marked serological abnormalities but few if any clinical findings that would allow for a definitive diagnosis of a specific collagen vascular disease. Almost all patients became dialysis dependent. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may possibly be a therapeutic option.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rheumatologists may be asked to consult on patients with severe proteinuria and renal insufficiency in the presence of marked serological abnormalities but few clinical symptoms and should be aware of this podocytopathy.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Rheumatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gertner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003095:Collagen Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Collapsing glomerulopathy; antinuclear antibody; collagen vascular disease; podocytopathy