title: Role of Glutathione Conjugation in 1-Bromobutane-induced Immunotoxicity in Mice.
abstract: Halogenated organic compounds, such as 1-bromobutane (1-BB) , have been used as cleaning agents, agents for chemical syntheses or extraction solvents in workplace. In the present study, immunotoxic effects of 1-BB and its conjugation with glutathione (GSH) were investigated in female BALB/c mice. Animals were treated orally with 1-BB at 375, 750 and 1500 mg/kg in corn oil once for dose response or treated orally with 1-BB at 1500 mg/kg for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr for time course. S-Butyl GSH was identified in spleen by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Splenic GSH levels were significantly reduced by single treatment with 1-BB. S-Butyl GSH conjugates were detected in spleen from 6 hr after treatment. Oral 1-BB significantly suppressed the antibody response to a T-dependent antigen and the production of splenic intracellular interlukin-2 in response to Con A. Our present results suggest that 1-BB could cause immunotoxicity as well as reduction of splenic GSH content, due to the formation of GSH conjugates in mice. The present results would be useful to understand molecular toxic mechanism of low molecular weight haloalkanes and to develop biological markers for exposure to haloalkanes.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749.
authors.forename: Sang Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Ju
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Won
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Gyu Sub
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Se Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hyun Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Mi Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Wonku
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sang Kyum
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Cheon
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Jeong
keywords: 1-Bromobutane; Conjugation; Glutathione; Immunotoxicity; In vivo