title: Shoulder strength profiles in children with and without brachial PLEXUS PALSY.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We characterized bilateral shoulder strength and the balance of antagonist/agonist muscle pairs in children with brachial plexus palsy (BPP) and with typical development (TD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 15 children with unilateral BPP and 11 with TD, bilateral maximal isometric shoulder strength in flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, and abduction/adduction was recorded using a hand-held dynamometer. Correlation between strength and active range of motion were evaluated using the Mallet score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with BPP had strength asymmetry in all muscles, whereas children with TD had significant strength asymmetry for flexors and abductors. In children with BPP, extensors and external rotators were the weakest muscles, leading to sagittal and transverse plane muscle imbalances. Higher strength values were related to better active range of motion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the importance of documenting shoulder strength profiles in children with BPP which may help predict deformity development.
authors.affiliation: CHRU de Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Médecine physique et de réadaptation, 5 Avenue Foch, 29609 Brest Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brochard
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Damiano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D010243:Paralysis / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012016:Reference Values; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: brachial plexus palsy; children; imbalance; shoulder; strength