title: Effects of resistance exercise on the HPA axis response to psychological stress during short-term smoking abstinence in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance exercise on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) response to mental challenge, withdrawal symptoms, urge to smoke, and cognitive stress during 24-hour smoking abstinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 sedentary smokers (mean±SD age: 20.1±1.7y; height: 171.6±10.8cm; body mass: 70.4±12.0kg; smoking history: 2.9±0.8y) completed a 24-hour ad libitum smoking trial (SMO) followed by two 24-hour smoking abstinence trials. During abstinence trials, participants performed six whole body resistance exercises (EX) or a control condition (CON) in the morning, followed by mental challenge tasks in the afternoon. Plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), and salivary and serum cortisol were measured during each visit at rest (REST), and then before (PRE-EX), immediately after (IP-EX), and 30min after exercise (30-EX); and before (PRE-MC), immediately after (IP-MC), and 30min after mental challenge (30-MC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistance exercise significantly (p≤0.05) elevated plasma ACTH and serum cortisol at IP-EX during EX compared with SMO and CON trials. Resting ACTH, salivary and serum cortisol concentrations at Pre-MC did not differ between EX and CON trials. The HPA axis response to mental challenge was similar after EX and CON trials. Finally, resistance exercise did not reduce withdrawal symptoms, urge to smoke, or stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance exercise did not substantially alter resting HPA hormones or the HPA response to mental challenge tasks during 24h of smoking abstinence.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. Electronic address: William.Kraemer@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jakob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vingren
authors.affiliation: Department of Child, Family and Community Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Maren S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fragala
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maladouangdock
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Tunde K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Szivak
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Disa L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Comstock
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Courtenay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunn-Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Sciences (Program in Movement Sciences) Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ciccolo
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maresh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D055070:Resistance Training; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: HPA hormones; Psychological stress; Resistance exercise; Smoking cessation