title: Evaluation of postprandial glucose excursion using a novel minimally invasive glucose area-under-the-curve monitoring system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a minimally invasive interstitial fluid extraction technology (MIET) to monitor postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC) without blood sampling, we evaluated the accuracy of glucose AUC measured by MIET and compared with that by blood sampling after food intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interstitial fluid glucose AUC (IG-AUC) following consumption of 6 different types of foods was measured by MIET. MIET consisted of stamping microneedle arrays, placing hydrogel patches on the areas, and calculating IG-AUC based on glucose levels in the hydrogels. Glycemic index (GI) was determined using IG-AUC and reference AUC measured by blood sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IG-AUC strongly correlated with reference AUC (R = 0.91), and GI determined using IG-AUC showed good correlation with that determined by reference AUC (R = 0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IG-AUC obtained by MIET can accurately predict the postprandial glucose excursion without blood sampling. In addition, feasibility of GI measurement by MIET was confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health & Social Work, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuranuki
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Seiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Samiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seko
authors.forename: Kaya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055616:Microtechnology / Q000295:instrumentation; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D009339:Needles; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: glucose monitor; glycemic index; interstitial fluid; nutrition education; postprandial hyperglycemia