title: Critical thinking: optimal outcomes through end user involvement in the design of critical care areas.
abstract: Including end users in evidence-based design is vital to outcomes. The physical environment impacts caregiver efficiencies, safety, satisfaction, and quality of patient outcomes. End users are more than members of the organization: patients should have representation as well. Patients bring value by offering insight from a different perspective. Timing is key; therefore, it is critical in obtaining desired outcomes, to include end users as early as possible, gaining the most insight into the design of the build. Consideration should also be given to best practice standards, regulatory compliance, progressive sciences, and technologies. Another vital factor is education of the end users on their role and expectations for participation in a design team. When end users are educated and understand the significance of input, the design team will be able to conceive a critical care unit that will meet needs for today and be able to adapt to needs for the future.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Inservices Solutions (Ms Braun) and Clinical Education (Ms Barnhardt), Division of Versus Technology, Inc, Traverse City, Michigan.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barnhardt
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006272:Health Facility Environment; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D012449:Safety; D017749:Total Quality Management; D014481:United States