title: Risk factors for musculoskeletal pain amongst nurses in Estonia: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Routine statistics indicate a high frequency of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Estonia. We aimed to describe the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) amongst Estonian nurses, and to explore associations with personal characteristics and occupational risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  As a part of an international investigation (the Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability (CUPID) study), a cross-sectional survey was carried out amongst registered nurses at Tartu University Hospital, focusing on pain at six anatomical sites (low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand and knee) lasting for more than a day during the past year and past month. Associations with regional and multi-site (≥2 anatomical sites) pain were analysed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis was based on 221 female nurses (response rate 57%). The overall prevalence of MSP was 84% in the past year and 69% in the past month. The prevalence of multi-site pain was 60% in the past year and 40% in the past month. Low back, neck and knee were the sites most commonly painful. Pain in the past year tended to be more frequent at older ages, and with higher emotional exhaustion, and at most sites, with poor self-rated health, and reported distress from somatic symptoms. Multi-site pain was also significantly associated with older age and tendency to somatise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of MSP among Estonian nurses is high. Psychological risk factors such as somatising tendency have an important impact. However, none of the risk factors examined seems likely to explain the high frequency of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Estonia.
authors.affiliation: Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia. liinaanimagi@nooruse.ee.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Freimann
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coggon
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merisalu
authors.forename: Liina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Animägi
authors.forename: Mati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pääsuke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009726:Nurses; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult