title: Children's resistance to parents' smoking in the home and car: a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reducing second-hand smoke exposure in the home is a key tobacco control goal, yet few studies have explored children's views and experiences of this. This study aimed to explore children's accounts of family members' smoking in the home and car and the impact of their socio-economic circumstances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual and friendship group interviews using topic guides and visual stimulus methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two communities in Edinburgh, Scotland, one socio-economically advantaged, one socio-economically disadvantaged.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight children aged 10-15 years who had a close family member who smoked.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus group and interview topic guides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in both communities expressed a strong dislike of family members' smoking and concern about the potential impact on the smoker's health. Participants described overt and covert acts of resistance, including challenging relatives about their smoking, expressing disgust and concern, hiding or destroying cigarettes. Some acts were carried out in collusion with a non-smoking parent and/or sibling. Resistant acts were constrained by expectations of negative responses, which appeared to increase with age, wider social norms around smoking and whether or not the young person smoked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some children and young people in the United Kingdom, irrespective of socio-economic status, may actively oppose parents' smoking in the home and car, although their influence may be limited by their position in the family and social norms.
authors.affiliation: UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Neneh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rowa-Dewar
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cunningham-Burley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001336:Automobiles; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012606:Scotland; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012923:Social Class; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Car; children; home; parents; qualitative; second-hand smoke.