title: Geraniin induces apoptotic cell death in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Geraniin has previously been reported to possess extensive biological activity. In this study, we reported that geraniin is an inhibitor of tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Geraniin suppressed the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Geraniin arrested the cell cycle in the S phase and induced a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as an increased percentage of cells with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. Western blot analysis showed that geraniin inhibited Bcl-2 expression and induced Bax expression to disintegrate the outer mitochondrial membrane and cause cytochrome c release. Mitochondrial cytochrome c release was associated with the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 cascades. Additionally, geraniin resulted in tumor growth inhibition in A549 xenografts. Our results indicate cytotoxic activity of geraniin towards cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endoscopy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Siran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jimei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Linna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C024603:Geraniin; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9