title: Why small and medium chemical companies continue to pose severe environmental risks in rural China.
abstract: In China, rural chemical SMEs are often believed to still largely operate below the sustainability radar. This paper investigates to what extent and how chemical SMEs are already experiencing pressure to improve their environmental performance, using an in-depth case study in Jasmine County, Hebei province. The results show that local residents had rather low trust in the environmental improvement promises made by the enterprises and the local government, and disagreed with the proposed improvement plans. Although the power of local residents to influence decision making remained limited, the chemical SMEs started to feel increasing pressures to clean up their business, from governments, local communities and civil society, and international value chain stakeholders. Notwithstanding these mounting pressures chemical SME's environmental behavior and performance has not changed radically for the better. The strong economic ties between local county governments and chemical SMEs continue to be a major barrier for stringent environmental regulation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: gzhe@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guizhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China. Electronic address: lei.zhang@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: arthur.mol@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Arthur P J
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: wangty@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Tieyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: yllu@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yonglong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D002617:Chemical Industry; D002681:China; D003132:Commerce; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004777:Environment; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: Chemical industry; Environmental risk management; Rural China; Small and medium-sized enterprises