title: Evaluation of visible implant elastomer tags in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: The use of the visible implant elastomer (VIE) tagging system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) was examined. Two tag orientations (horizontal and vertical) at the dorsal fin base were tested for tag retention, tag fragmentation and whether VIE tags affected growth and survival of juvenile zebrafish (1-4 month post hatch). Six tag locations (abdomen, anal fin base, caudal peduncle, dorsal fin base, pectoral fin base, isthmus) and 5 tag colors (yellow, red, pink, orange, blue) were evaluated for ease of VIE tag application and tag visibility in adult zebrafish. Long-term retention (1 year) and multiple tagging sites (right and left of dorsal fin and pectoral fin base) were examined in adult zebrafish. Lastly, survival of recombination activation gene 1(-/-) (rag1(-/-)) zebrafish was evaluated after VIE tagging. The best tag location was the dorsal fin base, and the most visible tag color was pink. Growth rate of juvenile zebrafish was not affected by VIE tagging. Horizontal tagging is recommended in early stages of fish growth (1-2 months post hatch). VIE tags were retained for 1 year and tagging did not interfere with long-term growth and survival. There was no mortality associated with VIE tagging in rag1(-/-) zebrafish. The VIE tagging system is highly suitable for small-sized zebrafish. When familiar with the procedure, 120 adult zebrafish can be tagged in one hour. It does not increase mortality in adult zebrafish or interfere with growth in juvenile or adult zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, PO Box 6100, Starkville, MS 39762-6100, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hohn
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrie-Hanson
keywords: Danio rerio; Identification; Tagging; VIE tag; Visible implant elastomer; Zebrafish