title: Sarcoidosis in a chronic dialysis patient diagnosed by sarcoidosis-related hypercalcemia with no common systemic clinical manifestations: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin. We herein report a case of sarcoidosis in a chronic dialysis patient diagnosed by hypercalcemia without any common clinical manifestations. The onset of sarcoidosis in chronic dialysis patients is rare; to the best of our knowledge, only 23 cases have been reported. Evaluation of the 23 previously published cases revealed that a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was often achieved by the presence of sarcoidosis-related hypercalcemia without any common clinical presentations, as in the present case. This characteristic may arise from a specific immune deficiency and the unique physiology of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a main cause of sarcoidosis-related hypercalcemia, in chronic dialysis patients. These clinical features may be useful to understand the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuura
authors.forename: Teiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D002117:Calcitriol