title: The effect of high level natural ionizing radiation on expression of PSA, CA19-9 and CEA tumor markers in blood serum of inhabitants of Ramsar, Iran.
abstract: Since several high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) exist on our planet, considerable attention has been drawn to health issues that may develop as the result of visiting or living in such places. City of Ramsar in Iran is an HNLRA, and is a tourist attraction mainly due to its hot spas. However, the growing awareness over its natural radiation sources has prompted widespread scientific investigation at national level. In this study, using an ELISA method, the level of expression of three tumor markers known as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and carcino antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in blood serum of 40 local men of Ramsar (subject group) was investigated and compared to 40 men from the city of Noshahr (control group). Noshahr was previously identified as a normal level natural radiation area (NLNRA) that is some 85 km far from Ramsar. According to statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in the levels of PSA and CA19-9 markers between the two groups (p < 0.001) with those of Ramsar being considerably higher. CEA level did not show any difference. Although some of the volunteers tested positive to the markers, they were in good health as confirmed by the physician. Moreover, the high number of positive markers in Noshahr was considerable. Therefore, future study is needed to further validate this result and to determine the level of positivity to tumor markers in both cities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Biology, Proteomics Laboatory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hdr@sbmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Science, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porghasem
authors.affiliation: Emam Sajjad Hospital of Ramsar, Ramsar, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mirzaei
authors.affiliation: Mohseni Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Noshahr, Iran.
authors.forename: Jafar Hesam
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mohseni
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Matine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Social Medical Researches, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Eznollah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Azargashb
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abolfazl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movafagh
authors.affiliation: Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reihane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aidin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molouki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Biology, Proteomics Laboatory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larijani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000097:blood*; D001417:Background Radiation; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; C578959:carbohydrate antigen 199, human; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: AEOI; CA19-9; CEA; ELISA; HLNRA; High level natural radiation area; LNT; PSA; ROS; Ramsar; Tumor marker; atomic energy organization of Iran; carcino antigen 19-9; carcinoembryonic antigen; high level natural radiation area; linear no-threshold; prostate-specific antigen; reactive oxygen species