title: Endoscopic retrograde JJ-stenting of the ureter without fluoroscopy guidance--an appraisal of outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  JJ- ureteral stenting is a means of relieving ureteric obstruction. It is done as a retrograde or antegrade procedure, usually under fluoroscopy guidance. We reviewed our results in 2 independent tertiary health centers in Nigeria which lack fluoroscopy units.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2 year retrospective review of data of patients who had retrograde JJ- ureteric stenting was done. Data relating to age, indication and outcome of procedure were retrieved and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  22 (71%) patients had successful retrograde JJ- ureteric stenting out of 31 patients who were taken for the procedure. These 22 patients had stenting of 27 ureteric units. Mean age was 48.5 years. Commonest indication was carcinoma of the cervix (31.8%). Commonest complication was irritative lower urinary tract symptoms (43.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of inherent complications, JJ-stenting is a simple and safe technique. Therefore, the decision to attempt JJ -stenting in carefully selected patients in the absence of fluoroscopy is acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. shaibusm@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Shuaibu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gidado
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oseni-Momodu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*