title: Monitoring of intense neuromuscular blockade in a pig model.
abstract: Intense neuromuscular blockade (NMB) measured by post tetanic count (PTC) was monitored, reversed and verified in this pig model. In a cross-over assessor blinded design six pigs were randomized to either no NMB followed by intense NMB, or intense NMB followed by no NMB. Neuromuscular measurements were performed with acceleromyography [train-of-four (TOF) Watch SX]. In all pigs, the response to TOF nerve stimulation was stable and intense NMB (PTC 0-1) was established with rocuronium 3 mg/kg. For reversal, the pigs received sugammadex 20-35 mg/kg and returned to TOF-ratio above 0.90 within 2.15 min after injection. We established a pig model for monitoring intense NMB with surface stimulation electrodes and acceleromyography. We verified total relaxation of the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles at the PTC 0-1 by suction test and with surface electromyography. This pig model is suitable for studies with experimental abdominal surgery with monitoring of intense NMB, and where relaxation of the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark, Matias.vested.madsen@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Matias V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Donatsky
authors.forename: Bente R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Karsten P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hammelev
authors.forename: Mona R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gätke
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007702:Kinetocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000379:methods*; D061886:Neuromuscular Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents