title: I endeavor to make it: effort increases valuation of subsequent monetary reward.
abstract: Although it is commonly accepted that the amount of effort we put into accomplishing a task would exert an influence on subsequent reward processing and outcome evaluation, whether effort is incorporated as a cost or it would increase the valuation of concomitant reward is still under debate. In this study, EEGs were recorded while subjects performed calculation tasks that required different amount of effort, correct responses of which were followed by either no reward or fixed compensation. Results showed that high effort induced larger differentiated FRN responses to the reward and non-reward discrepancy across two experimental conditions. Furthermore, P300 manifested valence effect during reward feedback, with more positive amplitudes for reward than for non-reward only in the high effort condition. These results suggest that effort might increase subjective evaluation toward subsequent reward.
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Neuromanagement Lab, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: johnsonzhj@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012201:Reward; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Event-related potential; Feedback-related negativity; Outcome evaluation; P300; Reward processing