title: Prevalence of asthmatic smokers: Turkish experience (PASTE Study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although both asthma and smoking are major health problems worldwide, smokers are often excluded from asthma studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It was aimed to verify the prevalence of asthmatic smokers in Turkey and assess the effects of smoking based on clinical parameters, exacerbations and hospitalizations because of lack of national data about the prevalence of smoking among asthmatics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study protocol was comprised of a retrospective questionnaire. The asthmatic patients were followed in the outpatient clinics of 18 tertiary hospitals selected from seven different geographical regions in Turkey. We evaluated demographic data, smoking habits, asthma-related diseases, respiratory function and emergency visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population included 1385 patients (M/F: 343/1042), and the mean age was 45.1 ± 14.0 years. Current and former smoking prevalence was 11.4% and 15.1%, respectively. Smoker rates were higher in males and younger asthmatics compared with females and older asthmatics (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Smoking history ranged from 0.20 to 90 pack-years (the mean was 12.9), and smokers had a higher level of education compared with nonsmokers (P < 0.01). Socioeconomically, the most developed region had the highest rate of smoker asthmatics (33.9%; P = 0.014). There was an increase in the number of exacerbations in smoker asthmatics during the previous year, but it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that the smoking prevalence in Turkey was lower in asthmatics (11.4%) compared with the general population (44.5%). Nevertheless, every effort should be made to encourage asthmatics to stop smoking because smoking is a modifiable risk factor for adverse asthma health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Kocaeli University School Of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Adile Berna
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: Rian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Disçi
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Turkey; asthma; asthma control; exacerbation; prevalence; smoking; spirometry