title: Mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction based on ionic liquid-coated Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles for the determination of flavonoids in bio-matrix samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method based on mixed hemimicelles of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) coated Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was developed for simultaneous extraction of trace amounts of flavonoids in bio-matrix samples. A comparative study on the use of RTILs (C16mimBr) and CTAB-coated Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs as sorbents was presented. Owing to bigger adsorption amounts for analytes, RTILs-coated Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs was selected as MSPE materials and three analytes luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol can be quantitatively extracted and simultaneously determined coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in urine samples. No interferences were caused by proteins or endogenous compounds. Good linearity (R(2)>0.9993) for all calibration curves was obtained, and the limits of detection (LOD) for luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol were 0.10 ng/mL, 0.50 ng/mL and 0.20 ng/mL in urine samples, respectively. Satisfactory recoveries (93.5-97.6%, 90.1-95.4% and 93.3-96.6% for luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol) in biological matrices were achieved. It was notable that while using a small amount of Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs (4.0 mg) and C16mimBr (1.0 mg), satisfactory preconcentration factors and extraction recoveries for the three flavonoids were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a mixed hemimicelles MSPE method based on RTILs and Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs magnetic separation has ever been used for pretreatment of complex biological samples.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Danhua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Zhanqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address: xiao49562000@163.com.
authors.forename: Deli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address: dochehua@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008280:Magnetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008823:Micelles; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D008823:Micelles; C000499:ferric oxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2) nanoparticles; Flavonoids; Ionic liquids; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Mixed hemimicelles