title: Identification of novel biomarkers of brain damage in patients with hemorrhagic stroke by integrating bioinformatics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
abstract: Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is a significant cause of mortality that requires rapid diagnosis and prompt medical attention. A time-efficient diagnostic test to assist in the early classification of patients with stroke would be of great value. The aims here were to (a) select "brain-specific" proteins using a bioinformatics approach, (b) develop selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays for candidate proteins, and (c) quantify these proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). "The Human Protein Atlas" and the "Peptide Atlas" were used to select proteins specifically and abundantly expressed in brain tissue, excluding high-abundance plasma proteins. Protein extracts from brain tissue were used for SRM assay development of proteins of interest. The levels of 68 "brain-specific" proteins were measured by SRM in 36 age-matched patients, including individuals with HS (n = 15), ischemic stroke (n = 11), and controls (n = 10). Additionally, S100B was measured using an electrochemoluminometric immunoassay. CSF levels of S100B and eight of the "brain-specific" proteins (NSE, GFAP, α-Inx, MBP, MT3, NFM, β-Syn, and γ-Syn) were increased in a subset of samples from HS patients, especially in those individuals with intraventricular hemorrhage and poor outcome. Seven of these proteins (S100B, NSE, GFAP, α-Inx, MBP, NFM, and β-Syn) showed significant differences between patients with and without brain hemorrhage. Novel biomarkers of brain injury (α-Inx, NFM, and β-Syn) were identified in the CSF of patients with HS. Investigating the role of these proteins in blood with more sensitive methods is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Morillo
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García Hernández
authors.forename: Ilijana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Begcevic
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosanam
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prieto García
authors.forename: Francisco V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Alvarez Menéndez
authors.forename: Eleftherios P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Diamandis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers