title: TREATMENT STAFF REFERRALS, PARTICIPATION EXPECTATIONS, AND PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIERS TO ADOLESCENT INVOLVEMENT IN 12-STEP GROUPS.
abstract: Adolescents treated for substance use disorders (SUD) appear to benefit from AA/NA participation. However, as compared to adults, fewer adolescents attend, and those who do attend do so less intensively and discontinue sooner. It is unknown whether this disparity is due to a lowered expectation for youth participation by the clinicians treating them, as they may adapt the adult-based model to fit a less dependent cohort, or whether recommendations are similar to those of clinicians who work with adults, and other factors are responsible. All clinical staff (N= 114) at five adolescent programs (3 residential, 2 outpatient) were surveyed anonymously about referral practices and other beliefs about 12-step groups. Staff rated AA/NA participation as very important and helpful to adolescent recovery and referral rates were uniformly high (M= 86%,SD= 28%). Desired participation frequency was over 3 times per week. The theoretical orientation and level of care of the programs influenced some results. Findings suggest lower adolescent participation in 12-step groups is not due to a lack of clinician enthusiasm or referrals, but appears to be due to other factors.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yeterian
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Myers
keywords: 12-step; Alcoholics Anonymous; Narcotics Anonymous; adolescents; groups; mutual help group; self-help group