title: Glomerular filtration rates in healthy Asians without kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration - Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) glomerular filtration rates (GFR) estimation equation is believed to estimate GFR more accurately in healthy people but this has not been validated in Asians. We studied the distribution of GFR in a multi-ethnic Asian population without CKD, and compared the performance of measures of GFR estimation, including the CKD-EPI equation, Cockroft-Gault equation, and 24-hour urine creatinine clearances.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 healthy volunteers without a history of kidney disease, hypertension, or diabetes underwent GFR measurement using 3-sample plasma clearance of (99m) Tc-DTPA. Cockroft-Gault estimated GFR and 24-hour urine creatinine clearances were normalized to body surface area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean measured GFR was 101 ± 15.8 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and was lowest in Indians (93 ± 12.3 mL/min per 1.73 m(2); P < 0.001). The CKD-EPI equation appears to be more accurate for healthy participants. Estimated GFR correlated with measured GFR (r = 0.57, P < 0.001), and the mean difference is 3.72 ± 14.43 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (P < 0.001). However, estimating GFR using self-directed 24-hour urine creatinine clearances is poorer than using the CKD-EPI equation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GFR estimation using self-directed 24-hour urine collection for creatinine clearance is less accurate than using the CKD-EPI equation. A larger study is required to clarify GFR in healthy Asians, and the association of health outcomes of Asian kidney donors with lower GFR thresholds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Boon Wee
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yun Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Arvind Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Borys
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shuter
authors.forename: Qi Chun
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Evan J C
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Asians; bias; creatinine; ethnic group; glomerular filtration rate