title: Prevalence and types of coronary to pulmonary artery fistula in a Chinese population at dual-source CT coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary to pulmonary artery fistula (CPAF) is rare; reports on the prevalence and types of CPAF in a large cohort of patients are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prevalence and types of CPAF on computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in a large Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  CTCA data of 58,533 patients from five Chinese tertiary referral medical centers were retrospectively studied. The prevalence, origin, aneurysmal sac, fistula tracts, and extracardiac communication of CPAF were recorded. CTCA findings were compared with conventional coronary angiography when possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-nine patients had CPAF (prevalence of 0.17%). Of the 99 CPAF cases, fistulas were found to originate from either both coronary arteries in 52 patients or from one coronary artery (33 cases from the left and 14 cases from the right coronary artery). Ten CPAF patients were complicated with the communication of extracardiac arteries. Fifteen (15.2%) CPAF patients had aneurysmal sac formation. Thirty (30.3%) patients had a single fistula tract, while 69 (69.7%) patients had multiple fistula tracts. CTCA findings in 16 patients were similar to those at DSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this large cohort, the prevalence of CPAF in the Chinese population is about 0.17%, with origin from either the left or right coronary artery or from both. CTCA can clearly visualize the types, abnormal vascular tracts, and aneurysmal sac formation of CPAF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Long Jiang
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Chang Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhengyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhaoqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiangming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Suzhou University, Suzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Xue Man
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Cane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: U Joseph
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Schoepf
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China cjr.luguangming@vip.163.com.
authors.forename: Guang Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001159:Arterio-Arterial Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Coronary artery fistula; coronary angiography; coronary artery anomaly; dual-source CT