title: Magnesium lithospermate B improves myocardial function and prevents simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes apoptosis through Akt-dependent pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB), an active polyphenol acid of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Danshen), showed a wide range of pharmacological activities in cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes has not been elucidated. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and potential molecular mechanisms of MLB on apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested cell viability, shortening amplitude, necrosis, apoptosis, and the expression levels of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, Bcl-2 and Bax after 2-h simulated ischemia and 24-h simulated reperfusion in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. We further observed the contractile function in hearts after they were subjected to global 30-min ischemia and 180-min reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with MLB markedly increased cell viability and while reducing evidence of necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. In addition, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein was modulated. The results also showed that MLB significantly increased phosphorylation of Akt and that this phosphorylation can be partially inhibited by phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt inhibitor. Furthermore, MLB improved MI/R-induced myocardial contractile function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that MLB prevents I/R-induced myocardial damage by reducing necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and improving myocardial function in rat hearts.
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, No.15 Yanyin Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, No.15 Yanyin Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, No.15 Yanyin Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, No.15 Yanyin Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Jipeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, No.15 Yanyin Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, No.15 Yanyin Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Yichen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Mental Health Center, Institute of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, No.15 Yanyin Road, Xi'an 710061, China. Electronic address: jwzxyb@126.com.
authors.forename: Qiangju
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.169 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: adwen-7171@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C061091:lithospermate B; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: Akt; Apoptosis; CK-MB; Cardioprotection; ELISA; Ischemia/reperfusion; LDH; MI/R; MLB; Magnesium lithospermate B; OGD; SI/R; creatine phosphokinase-MB; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; lactate dehydrogenase; magnesium lithospermate B; myocardial ischemia/reperfusion; oxygen and glucose deprived; simulated ischemia/reperfusion