title: Male contraception: history and development.
abstract: Although the twentieth century has seen great strides in the development of female contraception, not a single new agent has been introduced as an approved method for common use for male contraception. Condoms (considered uncomfortable by some) and vasectomy (a permanent invasive procedure) are the only options provided to men, leaving an undue burden on women to bear contraceptive responsibility. Significant developments have, however, been made with regard to hormonal and nonhormonal contraception, and minor, reversible, procedural contraception. This article reviews the currently available, soon to be available, and theoretically possible methods of male contraception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 3 RCP, Iowa City, IA 52242-1089, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wald
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017280:Condoms; D003267:Contraception / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004343:Drug Implants; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005006:Ethnicity; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006072:Gossypol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014659:Vasectomy
chemical_list: C421822:7-methyl-norethisterone; D000728:Androgens; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male; D004224:Diterpenes; D004343:Drug Implants; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D007191:Indazoles; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011372:Progestins; C001899:triptolide; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D006072:Gossypol; D009640:Norethindrone; C016371:lonidamine
keywords: Condoms; History; Male contraception; Testosterone; Vasectomy