title: Probing the intracellular glutathione redox potential by in-cell NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: Non-invasive and real-time analysis of cellular redox processes has been greatly hampered by lack of suitable measurement techniques. Here we describe an in-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based method for measuring the intracellular glutathione redox potential by direct and quantitative measurement of isotopically labeled glutathione introduced exogenously into living yeast. By using this approach, perturbations in the cellular glutathione redox homeostasis were also monitored as yeast cells were subjected to oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (USA). steve.rhieu@nist.gov.
authors.forename: Steve Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rhieu
authors.forename: Aaron A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Urbas
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bearden
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Katrice A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lippa
authors.forename: Vytas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Reipa
mesh_terms: D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D016877:Oxidants; C086860:glutathione transporter; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide
keywords: NMR spectroscopy; glutathione; living cells; oxidative stress; redox chemistry