title: In vitro evaluation of cell death induced by cadmium, lead and their binary mixtures on erythrocytes of Common buzzard (Buteo buteo).
abstract: Cadmium and lead are persistent and ubiquitous metals that can cause several deleterious effects in living beings. Apoptosis and necrosis are two types of cell death that can be found after in vivo and in vitro exposure to these metals. In this study, isolated red blood cells from living captive Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of lead, cadmium, and the mixture lead-cadmium in a proportion of 1:10 (similar to that found in previous field studies). Data obtained from dose-response curves were used to evaluate the interactive effects of metal mixtures on cell viability. In general, except for the exposure to NOEC, additivity was the most frequently observed response. As described in human, after in vitro exposure, lead was highly accumulated in buzzard erythrocytes, while cadmium accumulation was scarce. Finally, the type of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) induced by the exposure to different concentrations of these heavy metals and their mixtures was evaluated in the red blood cells. Apoptosis was found to be the main type of cell death observed after cadmium and/or lead exposure. However, this exposure caused an increase in lysis or necrosis, especially if red blood cells were exposed to high doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Spain; "Santa Faz" Wildlife Recovery Centre (Alicante), Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: María-Mojica
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-López
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Spain. Electronic address: ajgf@um.es.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: García-Fernández
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D009336:Necrosis; D020304:Raptors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead
keywords: Apoptosis; Binary mixtures; Buteo buteo; Cell death; Common buzzard; Erythrocytes