title: Differential effects of antibiotic therapy on the structure and function of human gut microbiota.
abstract: The human intestinal microbiota performs many essential functions for the host. Antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics (AB), are also known to disturb microbial community equilibrium, thereby having an impact on human physiology. While an increasing number of studies investigate the effects of AB usage on changes in human gut microbiota biodiversity, its functional effects are still poorly understood. We performed a follow-up study to explore the effect of ABs with different modes of action on human gut microbiota composition and function. Four individuals were treated with different antibiotics and samples were taken before, during and after the AB course for all of them. Changes in the total and in the active (growing) microbiota as well as the functional changes were addressed by 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic 454-based pyrosequencing approaches. We have found that the class of antibiotic, particularly its antimicrobial effect and mode of action, played an important role in modulating the gut microbiota composition and function. Furthermore, analysis of the resistome suggested that oscillatory dynamics are not only due to antibiotic-target resistance, but also to fluctuations in the surviving bacterial community. Our results indicated that the effect of AB on the human gut microbiota relates to the interaction of several factors, principally the properties of the antimicrobial agent, and the structure, functions and resistance genes of the microbial community.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud del Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública e Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain ; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Elena
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cobas
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artacho
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knecht
authors.forename: María Loreto
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ferrús
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedrichs
authors.forename: Stephan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gosalbes
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D054892:Metagenome; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S