title: Post-intubation sore throat and menstruation cycles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative sore throat is one of the most common complications of general anesthesia and intubation with prevalence of 18%-65% in different studies. Several risk factors including female gender, postoperative nausea and vomiting and so on have been mentioned.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative sore throat in females and its association with menstrual cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred females between 18-45 years old with ASA class I or II without predicted difficult airway that were candidate for operation in supine position were enrolled in study. Patients who had pulmonary disease, smoking, common cold within two weeks prior to the operation, previous traumatic intubation history, removable dentures, any congenital or acquired deformity in face, neck, mouth and airway, any known pathology in mouth like aphthous and mouth ulcer,pregnant women, and patients with irregular cycles, and those taking oral contraceptive pills were excluded. By the same protocol general anesthesia was provided and the patients were asked to fill out a three-point scale questionnaire (Low, High, None) 1,6 and 24 hours following intubation to study and record the incidence and severity of sore throat, dysphagia and hoarseness. The date of last menstrual period had been recorded as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 patients, in the first six hours, 51 patients had sore throat and 49 had no pain. During the first 6 hours, 33 patients (33%) had dysphagia and 13 patients had hoarseness at 6th postoperative hour. Age, weight, LMP, intubation time, operation and extubation time and coughing were compared to sore throat, dysphagia and hoarseness. The association between the incidence of coughing and bucking and sore throat was significant (P = 0.03). None of the parameters had a statistically meaningful association with dysphagia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our results, by omitting probable risk factors of incidence of sore throat and evaluation of role of hormonal changes in women represented in menstrual cycles, there was no significant association between menstrual cycle and sore throat incidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orandi
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orandi
authors.forename: Atabak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hajimohammadi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zahabi
keywords: Intubation; Laryngoscopy; Menstrual Cycle; Pharyngitis