title: A cost-effective sandwich electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of HIV-1 antibody using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers as capture probes.
abstract: In this report, a rapid and cost-effective sandwich electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed for the ultrasensitive detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody (anti-HIV-1) using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) as capture probes by combining surface and epitope imprinting techniques and antigen conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP-HIV-1) as labels. First, 3-aminobenzeneboronic acid (APBA) was used as the functional monomer and cross-linking reagent, which was polymerized on the surface of silicate-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs) in the presence of human immunoglobulin G (HIgG), as the template exhibiting the same Fc region but different Fab region to anti-HIV-1 after the addition of the initiator, ammonium persulfate. This process resulted in grafting a hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film on the Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs. Thus, MMIPs, which could be reused after eluting the template, were used to recognize and enrich ultra-trace levels of anti-HIV-1. Subsequently, a novel sandwich ECL immunosensor was formed through the immunoreaction between MMIPs conjugated with varied concentrations of anti-HIV-1 and HRP-HIV-1. By the catalysis of HRP immobilized onto HRP-HIV-1 on the ECL system of Luminol-H2O2, a linear response range of the anti-HIV-1 dilution ratio (standard positive serum) was achieved from 1:20,000 to 1:50, with a detection limit of 1:60,000 (S/N=3). The developed method provides a low-cost, simple, and sensitive way for the early diagnosis of HIV infected patients.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China. Electronic address: ganning@nbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Marine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
authors.forename: Futao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D058105:Polymerization; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001897:Boronic Acids; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D017640:Silicates; C028592:3-aminobenzeneboronic acid
keywords: Epitope imprinting; Horseradish peroxidase; Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody; Luminol; Sandwich electrochemiluminescence immunosensor; Surface imprinting