title: The analysis of efficacy and failure factors of uterine artery methotrexate infusion and embolization in treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study observes therapeutic efficacy of uterine artery embolization combined with MTX infusion which terminates cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and induces three factors which probably relate to failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three CSP patients were treated with combined uterine artery MTX infusion and embolization. Among them six patients with severe hemorrhage were immediately treated with interventional operation. Clinical effects were estimated by symptoms, serum β-hCG, ultrasound, and MR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interventional treatments were technologically successful in 22 patients except one. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all 6 patients with massive colporrhagia. No occurrence of infection and uterine necrosis was observed, but 12 women suffered abdominal pains. Nineteen patients' uteri were preserved, whereas four underwent hysterectomy eventually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is effective to treat high-risk CSP in preference to hysterectomy. To achieve more successful outcomes, three factors should be highlighted: adequate MTX dosage, appropriate embolic material, and complete embolization of target arteries that supply blood to embryo in the scar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 HaiNing Road, HongKou District, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jingbing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000601:surgery; D055357:Uterine Artery Embolization; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D008727:Methotrexate