title: Cytotoxic effects of procyanidins from Castanea mollissima Bl. shell on human hepatoma G2 cells in vitro.
abstract: Significant cytotoxic effects of procynadins from chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) shell (CSPC) on human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells were found in vitro. CSPC could inbibit HepG2 proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (100-400 μg/mL), arrest cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, induce apoptosis and trigger necrosis of HepG2. Proapoptotic effect of CSPC was evidenced by nuclear condensation, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Treatment of HepG2 cells with CSPC caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and stimulated reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation. These results suggested CSPC could trigger apoptosis and necrotic cell death in HepG2 cell, which might be associated with ROS generation through the mitochondria-dependent signaling way.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address: dyq101@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plants, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: xbsun@implad.ac.cn.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D029962:Fagaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009336:Necrosis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004247:DNA; D020169:Caspases
keywords: (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane; 2,7-dichlorofluorescein; 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate; 4′, 6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride; AO; Apoptosis; CCl(4); CSPC; Chestnut shell; DAPI; DCF; DCFH-DA; DL-dithiothreitol; DMEM; DMSO; DTT; Dulbecco’s modified eagles medium; EB; EDTA; ESI-MS; FCS; HCC; HFD; HPLC; HepG2; HepG2 cells; LC-ESI-MS; MDA; MTT; NP40; PBS; PI; Procyanidins; RNase; ROS; RP-HPLC; Tris; acridine orange; dimethyl sulphoxide; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; ethidium bromide; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; fetal calf serum; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatoma G2; high performance liquid chromatography; high-fat diet; liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; malondialdehyde; methythiazoletetrazolium; nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; phosphate buffered solution; procynadins from chestnut shell; propidium iodide; reactive oxidative species; reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; ribonuclease; t-BHP; tert-butyl hydroperoxide; tetrachloride