title: Dammarane triterpenes from the leaves of Panax ginseng enhance cellular immunity.
abstract: In our search for immune stimulating materials from natural source, bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of Panax ginseng leaves led to the isolation of three dammarane triterpenes (1-3), including two previously unknown compounds 27-demethyl-(E,E)-20(22),23-dien-3β,6α,12β-trihydroxydammar-25-one (1) and 3β,20(S)-dihydroxydammar-24-en-12β,23β-epoxy-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, chemical transformation, and by the comparison with those of literature data. Compounds 1-3 significantly increased interleukin-12 expression in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophage at a concentration of 100 ng/mL. Furthermore, compound 1 strongly increased the Th1 response-mediated cytokine IL-2, and decreased Th2 response-mediated cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 expression at 100 ng/mL on ConA-activated splenocytes. This study indicated that compound 1 showed a better effect on cellular immunity, and provided new chemical entities as promising lead compounds for the treatment of cellular immunity-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tien-Lam
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dongshin University, Jeonnam 520-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ran
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dongshin University, Jeonnam 520-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dool-Ri
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea; Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Trong-Tuan
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wkoh1@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won-Keun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000097669:Dammaranes
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097669:Dammaranes
keywords: Araliaceae; Cellular immunity; Dammarane triterpenes; IL-12; Panax ginseng