title: Variability in perceived tilt during a roll plane canal-otolith conflict in a gondola centrifuge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During a simulated coordinated turn in a gondola centrifuge, the perceived roll-tilt, quantified as the subjective visual horizontal (SVH), may differ tenfold between individuals. One aim of this study was to discern whether this variability reflects real individual characteristics or is due to noise or day-to-day variation. We also wanted to establish whether there are any habituation or learning effects of the centrifuge test.
  
  
  METHODS
  In nine nonpilots (NP) and nine student pilots (SP), with a flight experience of 150 h, the SVH was measured using an adjustable luminous line in darkness. At two test occasions (T1, T2) (interval 5-14 d) subjects underwent two runs (R1, R2; acceleration to 2 G in 10 s, gondola inclination 60 degrees, 5 min at 2 G, deceleration to 1 g in 10 s, interval between runs 5 min) in a centrifuge (r = 9.1 m). Initial and final SVH was determined for each individual run.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acceleration of the centrifuge induced a tilt of the SVH. At T1 R1, this SVH tilt was, in NP, initially 24 +/- 18 degrees and finally 8 +/- 10 degrees. The corresponding values for SP were 28 +/- 18 degrees and 31 +/- 33 degrees. The SVH tilt was slightly larger at R2 than at R1. There was no difference between T1 and T2. Reliability coefficients ranged between 0.86 and 0.98 for NP and between 0.78 and 0.99 for SP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large interindividual variability combined with a very high reproducibility suggests the existence of persistent individual characteristics in the perception of complex vestibular stimuli. Habituation or learning effects of gondola centrifugation appears to be small.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, School of Technology and Health, Solna, Sweden. arne.tribukait@sth.kth.se
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tribukait
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergsten
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eiken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D002498:Centrifugation; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult