title: Clock drawing as a screen for impaired driving in aging and dementia: is it worth the time?
abstract: Clock drawing is recommended by medical and transportation authorities as a screening test for unsafe drivers. The objective of the present study was to assess the usefulness of different clock drawing systems as screening measures of driving performance in 122 healthy and cognitively impaired older drivers. Clock drawing was measured using four different scoring systems. Driving outcomes included global ratings of safety and the error rate on a standardized on-road test. Findings revealed that clock drawing was significantly correlated with the driving score on the road test for each of the scoring systems. However, receiver operator curve analyses showed limited clinical utility for clock drawing as a screening instrument for impaired on-road driving performance with the area under the curve ranging from 0.53 to 0.61. Results from this study indicate that clock drawing has limited utility as a solitary screening measure of on-road driving, even when considering a variety of scoring approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Papandonatos
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ott
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003210:Concept Formation; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D011936:Reality Testing
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Clock drawing; Dementia; Driving