title: siRNA-targeted inhibition of growth hormone receptor in human colon cancer SW480 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of RNAi-mediated inhibition of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene on tumors and colon cancer cells in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Construction of a eukaryotic vector for human GHR expression, the pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)-GHR plasmid, was used to inhibit GHR expression. Thirty-six BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into groups and treated with normal saline (NS), recombinant plasmid (G₂), growth hormone (GH), 5-fluorouracil (FU), G₂+FU or G₂+FU+GH. Each nude mouse was subcutaneously inoculated with 1 × 10(7) human colon cancer SW480 cells; the nude mice were weighed before inoculation and on the 2(nd), 5(th), 8(th), 11(th), 14(th) and 17(th) day after inoculation. All nude mice were sacrificed after 17 d. Each subcutaneous tumor was removed and studied. Tumor volume was measured on the 5(th), 8(th), 11(th), 14(th) and 17(th) day after inoculation. The expression of GHR protein in the tumor tissue was detected by Western blotting analysis, and the differences in GHR mRNA expression in the tumor tissue were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the control group, the weights of the inoculated nude mice on the 17(th) day after inoculation were: G₂: 21.60 ± 0.71 g, GH: 21.64 ± 0.45 g, FU: 18.94 ± 0.47 g, FU+G₂: 19.40 ± 0.60 g, G₂+FU+GH: 21.04 ± 0.78 g vs NS: 20.68 ± 0.66 g, P < 0.05; the tumor volumes after the subcutaneous inoculation were: G₂: 9.71 ± 3.82 mm(3), FU: 11.54 ± 2.42 mm(3), FU+G₂: 11.42 ± 1.11 mm(3), G₂+FU+GH: 10.47 ± 1.02 mm(3) vs NS: 116.81 ± 10.61 mm(3), P < 0.05. Compared to the GH group, the tumor volumes were significantly decreased in the experimental groups. The GHR protein expression (G₂: 0.39 ± 0.02, FU: 0.40 ± 0.02, FU+G₂: 0.38 ± 0.01, G₂+FU+GH: 0.39 ± 0.01 vs NS: 0.94 ± 0.02, P < 0.05) and the GHR mRNA expression (G₂: 14.12 ± 0.10, FU: 15.15 ± 0.44, FU+G₂: 16.46 ± 0.27, G₂+FU+GH: 15.37 ± 0.57 vs NS: 12.63 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the experimental groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of GHR in human colon cancer SW480 cells resulted in anti-tumor effects in nude mice.
authors.affiliation: Dong Zhou, Jie Yang, Wei-Dong Huang, Jun Wang, Qiang Zhang, Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005472:Fluorouracil; C051815:somatotropin-binding protein
keywords: Colon cancer; Gene therapy; Growth hormone receptor; Signaling pathway; Small interfering RNAs