title: ETV as a last resort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The field of neuroendoscopy is rapidly expanding with increasing indications for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a treatment for hydrocephalus, ETV has the advantage of providing a more physiological cerebrospinal fluid diversion without shunt hardware which reduces the risk of recurrent infection and malfunction. The success rate of ETV has been increasing with decreasing morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Originally, ETV was indicated for cases of obstructive hydrocephalus, however the indications are expanding. To highlight this, we present a small series of cases were ETV is not traditionally indicated and was a treatment of last choice.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin 1, Ireland, fadzi411@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tafadzwa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mandiwanza
authors.forename: Zaitun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Darach
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crimmins
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caird
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000601:surgery*; D011559:Pseudotumor Cerebri / Q000601:surgery*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D056124:Slit Ventricle Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000601:surgery*; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000379:methods*