title: Colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in childhood: causes of familial Mediterranean fever need extra attention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical importance and etiology of colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) are not clear. It has been considered a response to some antigenic stimuli. Although food allergies, infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, and immunodeficiencies may be listed in the etiology of colonic LNH, the etiology has remained unclear in many cases. This study investigated the etiology of colonic LNH and its relation to familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in children. FMF as an etiologic factor for colonic LNH has not been reported before in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical files of patients who underwent colonoscopy between 2007 and 2011 were examined retrospectively. Demographic features, presenting symptoms, colonoscopy indications, colonoscopic findings, and final diagnoses of patients were evaluated. According to etiologies, patients with colonic LNH were divided into 2 groups: group A consisted of patients with FMF and group B consisted of diseases other than FMF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 311 patients were included in the study. Forty (12.6%) patients had isolated colonic LNH. In 23 (57.5%) patients, isolated LNH was observed in some colonic segments and total colonic LNH was noted in 17 (42.5%) patients. FMF was the etiologic factor in 6 (15%) patients. Thirty-four patients (85%) had etiologic factors other than FMF. We did not find any etiologic factor for LNH in 3.53% (11/311) of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FMF may be an etiologic factor for colonic LNH in children besides food allergies, infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, and immunodeficiencies.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology †Department of Pathology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Odul E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Gurkan
authors.forename: Guldal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Aysel U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.forename: Zeliha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demirtas
authors.forename: Gulen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akyol
authors.forename: Buket
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dalgic
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D010505:Familial Mediterranean Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies