title: DNA hypermethylation as a predictor of PSA recurrence in patients with low- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA CpG island hypermethylation causes gene silencing and is a common event in prostate carcinogenesis and progression. We investigated its role as a possible prognostic marker in patients with PCA Gleason score ≤7.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a quantitative, methylation-specific PCR to analyze methylation patterns at five gene loci (APC, GSTP1, PTGS2, RARbeta and TIG1) in 84 prostate cancer (PCA) tissues (Gleason Score ≤7). Methylation was correlated with established clinico-pathological parameters (preoperative PSA, pathological Gleason score, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle penetration, lymph node involvement, surgical margins and age) and PSA recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA hypermethylation was frequently detected at APC (95.2%), GSTP1 (84.5%), PTGS2 (100%), RAR-beta (81.0%) and TIG1 (95.2%). DNA hypermethylation was correlated with Gleason Score (p=0.027; PTGS2) and lymph node involvement (p=0.024; RARbeta). High methylation levels at RARbeta (p=0.023) was a significant predictor of PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of DNA hypermethylation provides prognostic information in prognosis of low- and intermediate-grade PCA.
authors: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, GB A1, 48149 Münster, Germany. rudolf.moritz@ukmuenster.de.
authors: Rudolf
authors: R
authors: Moritz
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Ellinger
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Nuhn
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Haese
authors: Stefan C
authors: SC
authors: Müller
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Graefen
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Schlomm
authors: Patrick J
authors: PJ
authors: Bastian
mesh_terms: D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: DNA hypermethylation; PTGS2; Prostate cancer; RARB; methylation; prognosis