title: Successful patient recruitment in CT imaging clinical trials: what factors influence patient participation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analyze factors that influence participation in research studies that use coronary computed tomography (CT) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-point survey using a questionnaire was conducted on 80 subjects, of whom 40 agreed to participate in a cardiovascular CT imaging research study (enrolling subjects) and 40 declined participation (non-enrolling subjects). Potential factors that motivated the acceptance or refusal of enrollment were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. The following aspects were addressed: (1) additional health information, (2) free imaging, (3) altruistic benefit to society, (4) monetary compensation, (5) radiation exposure, (6) role as an experimental subject, (7) possible loss of confidentiality, (8) contrast or investigational drug use, (9) premedication use, (10) blood draw or intravenous placement, (11) time commitment, and (12) personal medical opinion. Response distributions were obtained for each question and compared between enrolling and non-enrolling groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enrolling subjects gave significantly higher ratings than non-enrolling subjects for the following factors: additional health information (P < .001), free imaging (P < .001), and the altruistic benefit to society (P < .001). For non-enrolling subjects, concern for possible drug use or contrast injection (P < .001), concern for possible premedication (P < .001), and personal availability or time commitment (P < .001) were all given significantly higher ratings. Concern for radiation exposure (P = .002) and personal medical opinion (P < .001) received significantly high ratings among both groups but did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several influential concerns and benefits were identified from potential research subjects. Knowledge of what influences patient participation in studies involving CT imaging may allow researchers to effectively address concerns and highlight the potential benefits related to participation.
authors: Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 3371, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Electronic address: jhollada@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Hollada
authors: Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 3371, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
authors: Wanda
authors: W
authors: Marfori
authors: Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 3371, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Tognolini
authors: Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 3371, Los Angeles, CA 90024; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Speier
authors: Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 3371, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
authors: Lindsey
authors: L
authors: Ristow
authors: Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 LeConte Avenue, Suite 3371, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
authors: Stefan G
authors: SG
authors: Ruehm
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002140:California; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018579:Patient Selection; D012107:Research Design; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: CT; benefits; clinical trial; recruitment; risks