title: Spine metastases in prostate cancer: comparison of technetium-99m-MDP whole-body bone scintigraphy, [(18) F]choline positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography (CT) and [(18) F]NaF PET/CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the following imaging techniques in the detection of spine metastases, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference: whole-body bone scintigraphy (WBS) with technetium-99m-MDP, [18F]-sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and [(18) F]-fluoromethylcholine (FCH) PET/CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study entry criteria were biopsy-proven prostate cancer, a positive WBS consistent with bone metastases, and no history of androgen deprivation. Within 30 days of informed consent, trial scans were performed in random order. Scans were interpreted blindly for the purpose of a lesion-based analysis. The primary target variable was bone lesion (malignant/benign) and the 'gold standard' was MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 men were recruited between May 2009 and March 2012. Their mean age was 73 years, their median PSA level was 84 ng/mL, and the mean Gleason score of the tumours was 7.7. A total of 46 patients underwent all four scans, while four missed one PET/CT scan. A total of 526 bone lesions were found in the 50 men: 363 malignant and 163 non-malignant according to MRI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were: WBS: 51, 82, 86, 43 and 61%; NaF-PET/CT: 93, 54, 82, 78 and 81%; and FCH-PET/CT: 85, 91, 95, 75 and 87%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that FCH-PET/CT and NaF-PET/CT were superior to WBS with regard to detection of prostate cancer bone metastases within the spine. The present results call into question the use of WBS as the method of choice in patients with hormone-naïve prostate cancer.
authors: Research Unit of Urology, Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors: Mads H
authors: MH
authors: Poulsen
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Petersen
authors: Poul F
authors: PF
authors: Høilund-Carlsen
authors: Jørn S
authors: JS
authors: Jakobsen
authors: Oke
authors: O
authors: Gerke
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Karstoft
authors: Signe I
authors: SI
authors: Steffansen
authors: Steen
authors: S
authors: Walter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C516370:fluoromethylcholine; D002794:Choline; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate
keywords: Choline; Fluoride; PET/CT; bone metastases; prostate cancer