title: Polyarginine induces an antitumor immune response through binding to toll-like receptor 4.
abstract: A novel function of polyarginine as an activator of the immune system is reported. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging and single-molecule force measurements demonstrate that polyarginine binds specifically to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inducing receptor dimerization and activation. Moreover, polyarginine induced immune activation inhibits tumor growth. These results suggest the potential use of polyarginine for cancer immunotherapy.
authors: Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Joy
authors: J
authors: Wolfram
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Fang
authors: Haifa
authors: H
authors: Shen
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005453:Fluorescence; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C015462:polyarginine; D007372:Interferons
keywords: cancer immunotherapy; polyarginine; single-molecule fluorescence imaging; single-molecule force measurement