title: [Stigmata: From Saint-Francis of Assisi to idiopathic haematidrosis].
abstract: "Religious" stigmata describe body marks and sores that reflect the crucifixion wounds of Christ (hands and wrists, feet, flank, back, shoulders, forehead) and which are transferred to an individual through fervent prayer. "Non-religious" stigmata usually describe spontaneous episodes of bleeding with no identifiable cause outside any religious context. Irrespective of the setting in which they occur, such lesions are extremely striking. This review intends to summarize what is currently known about stigmata in the light of current medical knowledge, while stressing that the "spontaneous" nature of these lesions does not rule out a genuine medical cause.
authors: Departments of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Skin and Allergies Hospital, Helsinki, 2, PO Box 160, 00029 Hus, Finlande. Electronic address: nicolaskluger@yahoo.fr.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kluger
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Cribier
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002835:Christianity / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D005060:Europe; D005162:Factitious Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history; D006474:Hemorrhagic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000266:history; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D018597:Saints / Q000266:history; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000266:history; D017445:Skin Diseases, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis; D013543:Sweat Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis
keywords: Bleeding; Gardner-Diamond; Gardner-Diamond syndrome; Haematidrosis; Haemolacria; Haemorrhage; Hysteria; Hystérie; Hématidrose; Hémolacrie; Hémorragie; Psychogenic purpura; Purpura psychogénique; Religion; Saignement; Stigmata; Stigmates