title: Role of arginine and fluoride in the prevention of eroded enamel: an in vitro model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of arginine and fluoride on the reduction of erosive wear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine enamel blocks were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 20) and exposed to: ESPR group (8% arginine, 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide); ESen group (1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate, 5% potassium citrate); positive control PC group (1500 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate) and negative control NC group (water). The samples were submitted to six alternating cycles of demineralization-remineralization (cola, 10 minutes; artificial saliva, 1 hour, respectively). Before and between cyclic demineralization and remineralization, blocks were treated with slurries of the respective toothpastes or water (1 minute). Erosive tissue loss was analysed by microhardness and profilometry. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey tests for individual comparisons among the groups (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In microhardness, the ESPR (217.46 ± 55.45) group was significantly better than the other treatment groups (PC = 302.76 ± 96.10; ESen = 315.56 ± 74.56; p < 0.001). The ESPR group showed a similar loss to NC group (NC = 210.8 ± 49.98; p = 0.991). The mean erosion depth (+/- SE, μm) was detected between NC (14.37 ± 1.72) and dentifrices tested (ESPR (4.11 ± 1.34), ESen group (7.64 ± 1.61) and PC (8.20 ± 2.19) (p = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the results of the present study, the effectiveness of Sensitive Pro Relief in the prevention of erosive surface loss seems to be attributed to the possible effect of the arginine associated with fluoride.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Yamashita
authors: N M
authors: NM
authors: Torres
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Moura-Grec
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Marsicano
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sales-Peres
authors: S H C
authors: SH
authors: Sales-Peres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006244:Hardness; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019357:Potassium Citrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D014100:Toothpastes; C012980:fluorophosphate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D001120:Arginine; D019357:Potassium Citrate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Arginine; enamel wear; toothpaste