title: Corticomuscular coherence in acute and chronic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Motor recovery after stroke is attributed to neuronal plasticity, however not all post-stroke neuronal changes relate to regaining fine motor control. Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) is a measure allowing to trace neuronal reorganizations which are functionally relevant for motor recovery. Contrary to previous studies which were performed only in chronic stage, we measured CMC in patients with stroke at both acute and chronic stroke stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the detection of CMC we used multichannel EEG and EMG recordings along with an optimization algorithm for the detection of corticomuscular interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In acute stroke, the CMC amplitude was larger on the unaffected side compared to the affected side and also larger compared to the unaffected side in the chronic period. Additionally, CMC peak frequencies on both sides decreased in the acute compared to the chronic period and to control subjects. In chronic stage, there were no inter-hemispheric or group differences in CMC amplitude or frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in CMC parameters in acute stroke could result from a temporary decrease in inhibition, which normalizes in the course of recovery. As all patients showed very good motor recovery, the modulation of CMC amplitude and frequency over time might thus reflect the process of motor recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate for the first time the dynamical changes of corticomuscular interaction both at acute and chronic stage of stroke.
authors: Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Institute of Science and Ethics, University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Katherina
authors: K
authors: von Carlowitz-Ghori
authors: Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors: Zubeyir
authors: Z
authors: Bayraktaroglu
authors: Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors: Friederike U
authors: FU
authors: Hohlefeld
authors: Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Losch
authors: Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Curio
authors: Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: vadim.nikulin@charite.de.
authors: Vadim V
authors: VV
authors: Nikulin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation
keywords: CMC; EEG; EMG; Motor recovery; Oscillations; Reorganization; Synchronization