title: Contribution of GSTM1, GSTT1, and MTHFR polymorphisms to end-stage renal disease of unknown etiology in Mexicans.
abstract: Oxidative stress is increased in chronic kidney disease, owing to an imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidant pathways as well as a state of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia. The enzymes glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are implicated in the regulation of these pathways. This study investigates the association between polymorphisms in the Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), and MTHFR genes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) of unknown etiology in patients in Mexico. A Case-control study included 110 ESRD patients and 125 healthy individuals. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was studied using a PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. In ESRD patients, GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies were 61% and 7% respectively. GSTM1 genotype frequencies differed significantly between groups, showing that homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene was associated with susceptibility to ESRD of unknown etiology (P = 0.007, odds ratios = 2.05, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.45). The MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotype and allele distributions were similar in both groups (P > 0.05), and the CT genotype was the most common genotype in both groups (45.5% and 46.6%). Our findings suggest that the GSTM1 null polymorphism appears to be associated with the ESRD of unknown etiology in patients in Mexico.
authors: Division of Genetics, Biomedical Research Center of the West, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México ; PhD in Human Genetics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors: B E
authors: BE
authors: Gutiérrez-Amavizca
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Orozco-Castellanos
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ortíz-Orozco
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Padilla-Gutiérrez
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Valle
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
authors: G
authors: G
authors: García-García
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gallegos-Arreola
authors: L E
authors: LE
authors: Figuera
keywords: End-stage renal disease; glutathione S-transferases; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; polymorphism