title: Estrogen or raloxifene during postmenopausal weight loss: adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) attenuates abdominal fat gain after menopause, but whether HT improves abdominal fat loss during weight loss is unknown. It was hypothesized that HT or a selective estrogen receptor modulator (raloxifene) would augment reductions in abdominal visceral fat during weight loss when compared to placebo, potentially increasing improvements in glucose tolerance and lipid profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 119; age 50-70 yr) underwent a 6-month weight-loss (primarily exercise) intervention with randomization to raloxifene (60 mg/d), HT (conjugated estrogens, 0.625 mg/d), or placebo. Outcomes were change in total and abdominal (visceral and subcutaneous) fat mass, lipid profile, and fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither HT nor raloxifene augmented loss of total or abdominal fat mass during exercise-induced weight loss when compared with placebo. Weight loss-induced improvements in risk factors were similar among the three groups, except for a greater reduction in fasted glucose in the HT group (difference in change [95%CI] from placebo; -0.40 [-0.76, -0.05]) and greater reductions in LDL (-0.36 [-0.63, -0.09]) and increases in HDL (0.15 [0.07, 0.24]) in both treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmenopausal HT and raloxifene did not increase abdominal fat loss during weight loss, but did improve some cardiometabolic outcomes.
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Van Pelt
authors: W S
authors: WS
authors: Gozansky
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Wolfe
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Kittelson
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Jankowski
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Schwartz
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: Kohrt
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004967:Estrogens; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride