title: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with concomitant sarcomatoid transformation and osseous metaplasia: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is the third most common form of adult renal epithelial neoplasm. A sarcomatoid component occurs in approximately 8% of all chromophobe renal cell carcinoma cases, while metaplastic bone formation is extremely rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a hypovascular tumor with focal calcification, measuring 2.5 × 2.3 cm, in the upper pole of the right kidney. The tumor was clinically diagnosed as a right renal cell carcinoma that showed signs of calcification, and a laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy was performed. The cut surface of the tumor was beige in color and indicated that the tumor was an extensively ossified mass. Histological analysis revealed three distinct morphological components of the tumor. The chromophobe renal cell carcinoma consisted of compact epithelial cells arranged in a nested pattern, and these were mixed with extensive areas of sarcomatoid spindle cells with marked nuclear pleomorphism and brisk mitotic activity. The tumor also contained multiple foci of metaplastic ossification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with concomitant osseous metaplasia and sarcomatoid transformation is a very rare occurrence.
authors: Yoshimi
authors: Y
authors: Tanaka
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Koie
authors: Shingo
authors: S
authors: Hatakeyama
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan. coyama@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp.
authors: Chikara
authors: C
authors: Ohyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome