title: Inhibitory effect of liposomal solutions of grape seed extract on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines.
abstract: The effectiveness of grape seed extract (GSE) encapsulated in liposomes to inhibit the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) during frying of beef patties was assessed. All liposomal systems were prepared by high pressure homogenization at 22 500 psi. A total of six samples (rapeseed oil (control), GSE at 0.1% and 0.2%, and GSE-containing liposomes with 1%, 2%, and 5% soy lecithin) were investigated. MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline), PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5b]pyridine), Norharman, and Harman were found after the marinade application and frying. PhIP concentrations decreased upon marination with GSE (0.1%) and GSE-containing liposomes (1% and 5%) (p < 0.05). MeIQx contents decreased in all samples compared to the oil control (p < 0.01) while no effect on β-carboline formation was observed. Results are in contrast to previous studies that had shown that liposomal encapsulation may enhance effectiveness of polyphenols to inhibit radical reactions. A mechanistic model was proposed to explain the observed differences.
authors: Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Viale Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Natale
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Gibis
authors: Maria Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Rodriguez-Estrada
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D003296:Cooking; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000975:Antioxidants; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D008081:Liposomes
keywords: beef patties; grape seed extract; heterocyclic aromatic amines; liposomes; phenolic compounds