title: Novel magnetomechanical MR compatible vibrational device for producing kinesthetic illusion during fMRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional MRI (fMRI) can provide insights into the functioning of the sensorimotor system, which is of particular interest in studying people with movement disorders or chronic pain conditions. This creates a demand for manipulanda that can fit and operate within the environment of a MRI scanner. Here, the authors present a magnetomechanical device that delivers a vibrotactile sensation to the skin with a force of approximately 9 N.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRI compatibility of the device was tested in a 3 T scanner using a phantom to simulate the head. Preliminary investigation into the effectiveness of the device at producing cortical and subcortical activity was also conducted with a group of seven healthy subjects. The vibration was applied to the right extensor carpi ulnaris tendon to induce a kinesthetic illusion of flexion and extension of the wrist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MRI compatibility tests showed the device did not produce image artifacts and the generated electromagnetic field did not disrupt the static magnetic field of the scanner or its operation. The subject group results showed activity in the contralateral putamen, premotor cortex, and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. Ipsilaterally, there was increased activity in the superior and inferior parietal lobules. Areas that activated bilaterally included the thalamus, anterior cingulate, secondary somatosensory areas (S2), temporal lobes, and visual association areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This device offers an effective tool with precise control over the vibratory stimulus, delivering higher forces than some other types of devices (e.g., piezoelectric actuators). It can be useful for investigating sensory systems and sensorimotor integration.
authors: Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
authors: Sarah J
authors: SJ
authors: Carr
authors: Kristin
authors: K
authors: Borreggine
authors: Jeremiah
authors: J
authors: Heilman
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Griswold
authors: Benjamin L
authors: BL
authors: Walter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D009991:Oscillometry; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014732:Vibration; D014953:Wrist / Q000033:anatomy & histology*