title: Characteristics of urinary tract infection pathogens and their in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in China: data from a multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the characteristics of pathogens identified in clinical isolates from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and their in vitro sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in the clinical setting in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter study was conducted between January and December 2011 in 12 hospitals in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples were collected from 356 symptomatic patients treated in the study hospitals for acute uncomplicated cystitis, recurrent UTI or complicated UTI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured using broth microdilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2011 guidelines. Thirteen antimicrobial agents were tested: fosfomycin tromethamine, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cefdinir, cefixime, cefaclor, cefprozil, cefuroxime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, azithromycin, nitrofurantoin and oxacillin. Escherichia coli isolates were screened and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) production was confirmed by a double-disk synergy test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  198 urine samples were culture-positive and 175 isolates were included in the final analysis. E coli was detected in 50% of cultures, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (9%), Enterococcus faecalis (9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%). The detection rate of ESBL-producing E coli was 53%. Resistance to levofloxacin was the most common among all the isolates. Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin tromethamine had the greatest activity against E coli; overall, 92% and 91% of isolates were susceptible to these antimicrobials. E faecalis had the highest susceptibility rates to fosfomycin tromethamine (100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most frequently identified pathogens in our patients were ESBL-producing E coli and E faecalis. Fosfomycin tromethamine and nitrofurantoin showed a good antimicrobial activity against UTI pathogens. They may represent good options for the empiric treatment of patients with UTI.
authors: Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Lu-Dong
authors: LD
authors: Qiao
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Zheng
authors: Hong-Feng
authors: HF
authors: Guo
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Yang
authors: Yuan-Jie
authors: YJ
authors: Niu
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Ben-Kang
authors: BK
authors: Shi
authors: Wei-Min
authors: WM
authors: Yang
authors: Xiao-Kun
authors: XK
authors: Zhao
authors: Xiao-Feng
authors: XF
authors: Gao
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Tian