title: Longitudinal relationship of diet and oxidative stress with depressive symptoms in patients with metabolic syndrome after following a weight loss treatment: the RESMENA project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome and depression seem to share some common underlying mechanisms, although less is known about the impact of metabolic syndrome dietary treatments on depression. This study examined the association between a hypocaloric treatment designed to reduce metabolic syndrome features in self-perceived depression and the potential involvement of dietary components and oxidative stress changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were based on volunteers (n = 55) with metabolic syndrome (age 50 ± 1 y.o.; 38M/17F), where depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants followed two hypocaloric diets (control diet and RESMENA diet) with the same energy restriction (-30% TCV) for six months. Depressive symptoms, dietary records, anthropometrical measurements, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress levels were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both diets improved self-perceived depression similarly (p = 0.528). Participants with lower depressive symptoms at baseline reported a significantly higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (p trend = 0.002). Interestingly, after adjusting for potential confounders, the increase in folate consumption (p = 0.011) and the decrease in plasma malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.012) throughout the intervention, were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher intake of folate and a decline in malondialdehyde plasma levels during a weight loss intervention, were related to improvements in manifestations of depression (www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01087086).
authors: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: apcornago@alumni.unav.es.
authors: Aurora
authors: A
authors: Perez-Cornago
authors: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: pllegarrea@alumni.unav.es.
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Lopez-Legarrea
authors: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: rdelaiglesi@alumni.unav.es.
authors: Rocio
authors: R
authors: de la Iglesia
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Av/Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: flahortiga@unav.es.
authors: Francisca
authors: F
authors: Lahortiga
authors: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. Electronic address: jalftmtz@unav.es.
authors: J Alfredo
authors: JA
authors: Martinez
authors: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. Electronic address: mazulet@unav.es.
authors: M Angeles
authors: MA
authors: Zulet
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D006710:Homocysteine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005492:Folic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Caloric restriction; Depression; Folate; Malondialdehyde; Metabolic syndrome; Omega-3