title: 2D:4D ratio in children at familial high-risk for eating disorders: The role of prenatal testosterone exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Markers of prenatal hormone exposure have been associated with the development of eating disorder (ED) behaviors. Our aim was to determine whether 2D:4D ratio, a marker for in utero testosterone exposure, is associated with risk for ED in a large population-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is the first study to investigate prenatal testosterone exposure in children at high-risk for ED, using 2D:4D as a marker. We compared children whose mothers reported a lifetime ED (anorexia, bulimia, or both; N = 446) to children whose mothers did not (n = 5,367).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daughters of women with lifetime bulimia nervosa (BN) had lower 2D:4D ratio (B: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.002, P = 0.02), indicating higher prenatal testosterone exposure, than daughters of mothers unaffected by ED. No differences were observed in the male children of women with an ED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that children at high-risk for BN may be exposed to higher levels of testosterone in utero. Fetal exposure to androgen excess is thought to be causal in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder which is highly comorbid with binge eating and BN. Future research should investigate the potential role of testosterone exposure in utero as a risk factor for BN and binge eating.
authors: Behavioral and Brain Sciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Radha
authors: R
authors: Kothari
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Gafton
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Treasure
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Micali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013739:Testosterone