title: Optical and chemical characterization of aerosols emitted from coal, heavy and light fuel oil, and small-scale wood combustion.
abstract: Particle emissions affect radiative forcing in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is essential to know the physical and chemical characteristics of them. This work studied the chemical, physical, and optical characteristics of particle emissions from small-scale wood combustion, coal combustion of a heating and power plant, as well as heavy and light fuel oil combustion at a district heating station. Fine particle (PM1) emissions were the highest in wood combustion with a high fraction of absorbing material. The emissions were lowest from coal combustion mostly because of efficient cleaning techniques used at the power plant. The chemical composition of aerosols from coal and oil combustion included mostly ions and trace elements with a rather low fraction of absorbing material. The single scattering albedo and aerosol forcing efficiency showed that primary particles emitted from wood combustion and some cases of oil combustion would have a clear climate warming effect even over dark earth surfaces. Instead, coal combustion particle emissions had a cooling effect. Secondary processes in the atmosphere will further change the radiative properties of these emissions but are not considered in this study.
authors: Air Quality, Finnish Meteorological Institute , P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Anna K
authors: AK
authors: Frey
authors: Karri
authors: K
authors: Saarnio
authors: Heikki
authors: H
authors: Lamberg
authors: Fanni
authors: F
authors: Mylläri
authors: Panu
authors: P
authors: Karjalainen
authors: Kimmo
authors: K
authors: Teinilä
authors: Samara
authors: S
authors: Carbone
authors: Jarkko
authors: J
authors: Tissari
authors: Ville
authors: V
authors: Niemelä
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Häyrinen
authors: Jani
authors: J
authors: Rautiainen
authors: Jorma
authors: J
authors: Kytömäki
authors: Paulo
authors: P
authors: Artaxo
authors: Aki
authors: A
authors: Virkkula
authors: Liisa
authors: L
authors: Pirjola
authors: Topi
authors: T
authors: Rönkkö
authors: Jorma
authors: J
authors: Keskinen
authors: Jorma
authors: J
authors: Jokiniemi
authors: Risto
authors: R
authors: Hillamo
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis*; D005648:Fuel Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D003031:Coal; D005648:Fuel Oils; D052638:Particulate Matter