title: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) have been reported in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, and stroke. We assessed the relationships between serum levels of NGAL and the prevalence of CVD, and clarified the prognostic usefulness of systemic NGAL levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight HD patients were followed up for 1 year. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between de novo CVD status and NGAL levels as well as other risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, CVD events occurred in 20 patients. Initial serum levels of NGAL and brain natriuretic peptide of HD patients with de novo CVD were significantly higher than those of HD patients without de novo CVD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that initial serum levels of NGAL were independent risk factors for de novo CVD in HD patients. When patients were classified on the basis of NGAL quartiles, multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the highest quartile of NGAL level showed an increased odds ratio for the prevalence of CVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that NGAL levels can be used to detect the prevalence of CVD in HD patients with or without diabetes.
authors: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan, ffuruya@yamanashi.ac.jp.
authors: Fumihiko
authors: F
authors: Furuya
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Shimura
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Yokomichi
authors: Kazuya
authors: K
authors: Takahashi
authors: Daiichiro
authors: D
authors: Akiyama
authors: Chikako
authors: C
authors: Asakawa
authors: Ayako
authors: A
authors: Okamura
authors: Ai
authors: A
authors: Motosugi
authors: Kazutaka
authors: K
authors: Haraguchi
authors: Zentaro
authors: Z
authors: Yamagata
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins