title: Changes in cognitive function from presurgery to 4 months postsurgery in individuals undergoing dysvascular amputation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe cognition among individuals with new amputations at 3 time points: presurgical, 6 weeks postamputation, and 4 months postamputation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referred sample Veterans who were primarily men (N=80) experiencing their first lower extremity amputation as a result of complications of diabetes mellitus or peripheral arterial disease. Patients were screened for the absence of gross cognitive impairment using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Of those 87 individuals who were eligible, 64% enrolled; 29 were enrolled presurgically and have cognitive data for all 3 time points, and 58 were enrolled postamputation. Eighty of the 87 individuals enrolled by 6 weeks remained enrolled at 4 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and general health information, general mental status (SPMSQ), and 4 brief, well-established neuropsychological measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most mean neuropsychological test scores fell in the low average or average range. For most participants, overall cognitive status improved from pre- to postsurgery and then remained stable between 6 weeks and 4 months. There were significant improvements between pre- and postsurgical test scores in verbal learning and memory, and these remained unchanged between 6 weeks and 4 months. Better 4 month cognitive performance was associated with higher perceived general health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall cognitive performance is poorest presurgically. Though there is improvement between pre- and postamputation, cognition appears generally stable between 6 weeks and 4 months.
authors: Rhonda M
authors: RM
authors: Williams
authors: Aaron P
authors: AP
authors: Turner
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Green
authors: Daniel C
authors: DC
authors: Norvell
authors: Alison W
authors: AW
authors: Henderson
authors: Kevin N
authors: KN
authors: Hakimi
authors: Donna J
authors: DJ
authors: Blake
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Czerniecki
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D003071:Cognition; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014728:Veterans
keywords: Amputation; Cognition; Postoperative period; Rehabilitation