title: Oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treatment enhances the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells responses to titanium surface for dental implant application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present investigation utilized a novel oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O-PIII) treatment to create a dense and thin oxide layer on a titanium (Ti) surface for dental implant application.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on O-PIII-treated Ti. The O-PIII treatments were performed using different oxygen ion doses (T(L): 1 × 10(16); T(M): 4 × 10(16); T(H): 1 × 10(17) ions/cm(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and high resolution X-ray diffractometer (HR-XRD) indicated that the O-PIII-treated specimen T(M) had the highest proportion of rutile phase TiO2 component. The O-PIII-treated specimen T(M) had the greatest protein adsorption capability of the test Ti surfaces using XPS analysis and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that hMSCs had the best cell adhesion on the O-PIII-treated specimen T(M), whereas green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled hMSCs experienced the fastest cell migration based on a wound healing assay. Other assays, including MTT assay, Alizarin red S staining and Western blot analysis, demonstrated that the adhered hMSCs exhibited the greatest cell proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation capabilities on the TM specimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidated Ti (primarily rutile TiO2 ) was produced using a facile and rapid O-PIII treatment procedure, which enhances the biocompatibility of the Ti surface with potential implications for further dental implant application.
authors: Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Chih-Hsiung
authors: CH
authors: Yang
authors: Yu-Chen
authors: YC
authors: Li
authors: Wen-Fa
authors: WF
authors: Tsai
authors: Chi-Fong
authors: CF
authors: Ai
authors: Her-Hsiung
authors: HH
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010100:Oxygen; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D007477:Ions; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: biocompatibility; human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation; rutile; titanium dioxide