title: Expression of cell metabolism-related genes in different molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the difference in and significance of cancer cell metabolism by molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays from 122 surgical specimens of triple-negative breast carcinoma patients and immunohistochemical staining for CK5/6, epidermal growth factor receptor, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 7, E-cadherin, androgen receptor, and gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 were used to classify triple-negative breast carcinoma as follows: basal-like type, molecular apocrine type, claudin low type, mixed type and null type. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for metabolism-related proteins such as c-myc, insulin-like growth factor (g)-1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-1α, glucose transporter 1, carbonic anhydrase IX antibody, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 was used to compare the differences according to molecular subtype and clinicopathological factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basal-like type showed the highest proportion of high glucose transporter 1 expression (P = 0.049) and carbonic anhydrase IX antibody expression (P = 0.008). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-1α expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and central fibrotic zone (P = 0.012), and high glucose transporter 1 expression was related to high histologic grade (P = 0.007), cytokeratin 5/6 positivity (P = 0.002), and central fibrotic zone (P = 0.017). Finally, carbonic anhydrase IX antibody was associated with cytokeratin 5/6 positivity (P = 0.001) and central fibrotic zone (P = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed the different characteristics of cancer cell metabolism according to the molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast carcinoma. Among them, basal-like type was the most glycolytic and acid-resistant phenotype.
authors: Hyae Min
authors: HM
authors: Jeon
authors: Do Hee
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Woo-Hee
authors: WH
authors: Jung
authors: Ja Seung
authors: JS
authors: Koo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000032:analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010641:Phenotype; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C116115:MYCBP protein, human; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D014157:Transcription Factors; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human