title: Association of oestrogen-containing contraceptives with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in women with tuberous sclerosis complex--findings from a survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVES About 30-40% of women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Oestrogen seems to be involved in LAM pathogenesis and oestrogen-containing contraception should be avoided in women with known LAM. However, there is very little data on the use of contraceptives in TSC patients. METHODS We conducted a survey on the use of contraception and disease characteristics. The questionnaire was forwarded to all adult female TSC patients listed in the database of a German patient organisation. RESULTS Data from 39 such patients could be analysed. Of these, 15 were diagnosed with LAM. Twenty-five patients (65%) confirmed current or past use of oestrogen-containing contraceptives. We found a suggestive correlation between the history of oestrogen-containing contraception, and LAM (Odds ratio: 6.500; 95% confidence interval: 1.199-35.230). However, oestrogen use was not associated with LAM complications. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, oestrogen-containing contraceptives should be resorted to by these patients only with great caution, and avoided whenever possible.
authors: * Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Sauter
authors: Jannina
authors: J
authors: Sigl
authors: Klaus-Jürgen
authors: KJ
authors: Schotten
authors: Margit
authors: M
authors: Günthner-Biller
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Knabl
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Fischereder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D018192:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens