title: The effects of partial use of formula diet on weight reduction and metabolic variables in obese type 2 diabetic patients--multicenter trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the usefulness of protein-sparing modified formula diet in obese type 2 diabetic patients, the effects of partial use of formula diet on weight reduction and changes in related metabolic variables, and the improving rates of risk factors per 1% body weight reduction, were compared with those of conventional subcaloric diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese patients [BMI >25 kg/m²] with diabetic mellitus were randomly assigned to a low-caloric diet with partial use of formula diet group (FD, n = 119) and a conventional low-caloric diet group (CD, n = 110). Subjects in FD took one pack of formula diet (MicroDiet®, 240 kcal/pack) in place of one of three daily low-caloric meals for 24 weeks. Total daily calorie prescribed was same.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight reduction was greater in FD than in CD (week 24: -3.5 vs -1.4 kg; all p < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly only in FD. HbA1c reduction was greater in FD than in CD. HDL-cholesterol increased significantly more in FD than in CD (week 24: +2.8 vs. +0.6 mg/dl, p < 0.001). Among several improving rates (%) of risk factors/1% body weight reduction, those of HbA1c at weeks 16 and 24, triglyceride at week 8 and HDL-cholesterol at week 24, were significantly higher in FD than CD. Doses of sulfonylurea and thiazolidinedione were significantly decreased in FD than in CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial use of formula diet was much more effective in reducing body weight, and also in improving coronary risk factors than conventional diet in part due to reduced body weight through decreased energy diet intake and due to dietary composition of the formula diet.
authors: Toho University Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan. Electronic address:kshirai@kb3.so-net.ne.jp.
authors: Kohji
authors: K
authors: Shirai
authors: Toho University Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan. Electronic address:atsuhito156@sakura.med.toho-u.ac.jp.
authors: Atsuhito
authors: A
authors: Saiki
authors: Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:shinichi@nms.ac.jp.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Oikawa
authors: Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:ttera@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp.
authors: Tamio
authors: T
authors: Teramoto
authors: University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan. Electronic address:ymdnbhr@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors: Nobuhiro
authors: N
authors: Yamada
authors: Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan. Electronic address:ishibash@jichi.ac.jp.
authors: Shun
authors: S
authors: Ishibashi
authors: Jikei University, School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan. Electronic address:n-tada27@jikei.ac.jp.
authors: Norio
authors: N
authors: Tada
authors: Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:smiyazaki@tth-japanpost.jp.
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Saitama Medical School, Moroyama, Japan. Electronic address:i1901018@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors: Ikuo
authors: I
authors: Inoue
authors: Shimotsuga General Hospital, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address:smurano@carrot.ocn.ne.jp.
authors: Shunichi
authors: S
authors: Murano
authors: Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address:nsakane@kyotolan.hosp.go.jp.
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Sakane
authors: Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address:nsato@kyotolan.hosp.go.jp.
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Satoh-Asahara
authors: Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address:hbujo@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Bujo
authors: Toho University Sakura Hospital, Sakura, Japan. Electronic address:mumon@sf6.so-net.ne.jp.
authors: Yoh
authors: Y
authors: Miyashita
authors: Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address:yasushi@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione