title: Clinical trial of video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy using infrared thoracoscopy with indocyanine green.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The maintenance of a good surgical view is mandatory in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). For routine segmentectomy, it is necessary to re-inflate the lung in order to identify the intersegmental line. However, such re-inflation can occasionally obstruct the surgical view. Infrared thoracoscopy (IRT) with indocyanine green (ICG) can reveal the intersegmental line based on blood flow differences, without the need for lung re-inflation. The purpose of this study was to confirm the usefulness of IRT with ICG for VATS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2008 and September 2011, 44 consecutive patients underwent segmentectomy at our institution. In 13 patients, VATS segmentectomy using IRT with ICG was employed. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Computed tomography was performed to identify the dominant pulmonary artery supplying the target segment. The operations were performed using two ports and one mini-thoracotomy (3-6 cm). The dominant arteries were interrupted, and the intersegmental line was identified using IRT with ICG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Identification of the intersegmental line was possible in 11 (84.6%) of the 13 patients. The average age was 70 years, and 6 of the patients were male. The mean operation time was 191 min, and the mean bleeding volume was 64 ml. The operation time and bleeding volume were similar to the values in the other 31 patients who underwent thoracotomy (167 min/115 ml, P = 0.212/0.361, respectively). No complications attributable to IRT with ICG were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VATS segmentectomy using IRT with ICG allows the maintenance of a clear surgical view and identification of the intersegmental line in a high proportion of cases. Therefore, we consider this method to be useful for minimally invasive thoracic surgery.
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan starumi@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors: Shintaro
authors: S
authors: Tarumi
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Misaki
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Yoshitaka
authors: Y
authors: Kasai
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Sung Soo
authors: SS
authors: Chang
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Tetsuhiko
authors: T
authors: Go
authors: Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
authors: Hiroyasu
authors: H
authors: Yokomise
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008168:Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Indocyanine green; Infrared thoracoscopy; Segmentectomy; Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery