title: The neurological disease ontology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We are developing the Neurological Disease Ontology (ND) to provide a framework to enable representation of aspects of neurological diseases that are relevant to their treatment and study. ND is a representational tool that addresses the need for unambiguous annotation, storage, and retrieval of data associated with the treatment and study of neurological diseases. ND is being developed in compliance with the Open Biomedical Ontology Foundry principles and builds upon the paradigm established by the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) for the representation of entities in the domain of disease and medical practice. Initial applications of ND will include the annotation and analysis of large data sets and patient records for Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  ND is implemented in OWL 2 and currently has more than 450 terms that refer to and describe various aspects of neurological diseases. ND directly imports the development version of OGMS, which uses BFO 2. Term development in ND has primarily extended the OGMS terms 'disease', 'diagnosis', 'disease course', and 'disorder'. We have imported and utilize over 700 classes from related ontology efforts including the Foundational Model of Anatomy, Ontology for Biomedical Investigations, and Protein Ontology. ND terms are annotated with ontology metadata such as a label (term name), term editors, textual definition, definition source, curation status, and alternative terms (synonyms). Many terms have logical definitions in addition to these annotations. Current development has focused on the establishment of the upper-level structure of the ND hierarchy, as well as on the representation of Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The ontology is available as a version-controlled file at http://code.google.com/p/neurological-disease-ontology along with a discussion list and an issue tracker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ND seeks to provide a formal foundation for the representation of clinical and research data pertaining to neurological diseases. ND will enable its users to connect data in a robust way with related data that is annotated using other terminologies and ontologies in the biomedical domain.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Jensen
authors: Alexander P
authors: AP
authors: Cox
authors: Naveed
authors: N
authors: Chaudhry
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Ng
authors: Donat
authors: D
authors: Sule
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Duncan
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Ray
authors: Bianca
authors: B
authors: Weinstock-Guttman
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Smith
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Ruttenberg
authors: Kinga
authors: K
authors: Szigeti
authors: Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA. addiehl@buffalo.edu.
authors: Alexander D
authors: AD
authors: Diehl