title: Cognition impairment in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia: association with plasma superoxide dismutase activity.
abstract: Long-term antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia is often associated with the emergence of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and TD presence is also accompanied by more severe cognitive impairment. Oxidative stress-induced damage may be involved in the development of TD and contribute to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We examined the role of oxidative stress in relation to TD and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia using plasma manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as a biomarker. We recruited 83 male chronic patients with (n=32) and without TD (n=51) meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, and 58 male control subjects. We examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and MnSOD activity for all subjects. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) were assessed in the patients. MnSOD activity was lower in patients with TD than non-TD, and either TD or non-TD group had lower MnSOD levels than controls (all p<0.05). Patients with TD had lower RBANS total (p<0.05) and Visuospatial/Constructional subscale scores than non-TD patients (p<0.01), and either TD or non-TD group scored lower than the controls on all RBANS subscales (all p<0.001) except for the Visuospatial/Constructional index. Multiple regression analysis showed that in either TD or non-TD group, MnSOD was an independent contributor to the RBANS total score (both p<0.05). These findings suggest that TD patients suffered oxidative stress and cognition impairment at a more severe level than non-TD patients. Oxidative stress might serve as a functionally linking node between TD development and cognition dysfunction in schizophrenia.
authors: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Jing Qin
authors: JQ
authors: Wu
authors: Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Da Chun
authors: DC
authors: Chen
authors: Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Yun Long
authors: YL
authors: Tan
authors: Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Shu Ping
authors: SP
authors: Tan
authors: Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhi Ren
authors: ZR
authors: Wang
authors: Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Mei Hong
authors: MH
authors: Xiu
authors: Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Fu De
authors: FD
authors: Yang
authors: Biological Psychiatry Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, TX, USA. Electronic address: zhangxy9@gmail.com.
authors: Xiang Yang
authors: XY
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Cognition; Oxidative stress; Schizophrenia; Superoxide dismutase; Tardive dyskinesia