title: Pharmacogenomics in childhood rheumatic disorders: a foundation for future individualized therapy.
abstract: Investigating the effect of genotype on drug response in children is an evolving field, with many challenges, but there is great potential to optimize safe and effective use of drugs in children. An exponential increase in available medications for use in children with rheumatic disease has opened seemingly endless genotype/phenotype relationships to explore, but challenges inherent in studying rare diseases and the often overlooked role of ontogeny contribute to limitations in pharmacogenomic studies in this population. With careful recognition of the importance of development, improved phenotyping with the incorporation of biomarkers, and expanding collaborative efforts on a national and even international scale, the field of pediatric rheumatology has the opportunity to strategically study the new therapeutic armamentarium available and provide individualized/personalized safe and effective therapies to our population of patients.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA.
authors: Brooke I
authors: BI
authors: Polk
authors: Mara L
authors: ML
authors: Becker
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D015415:Biomarkers; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D008727:Methotrexate