title: Emergent biomarkers of residual cardiovascular risk in patients with low HDL-c and/or high triglycerides and average LDL-c concentrations: focus on HDL subpopulations, Oxidized LDL, adiponectin, and uric acid.
abstract: This study intended to determine the impact of HDL-c and/or TGs levels on patients with average LDL-c concentration, focusing on lipidic, oxidative, inflammatory, and angiogenic profiles. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors (n = 169) were divided into 4 subgroups, combining normal and low HDL-c with normal and high TGs patients. The following data was analyzed: BP, BMI, waist circumference and serum glucose, Total-c, TGs, LDL-c, oxidized-LDL, total HDL-c and HDL subpopulations, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, hsCRP, uric acid, TNF- α , adiponectin, VEGF, and iCAM1. The two populations with increased TGs levels, regardless of the normal or low HDL-c, presented obesity and higher waist circumference, Total-c, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, and uric acid. Adiponectin concentration was significantly lower and VEGF was higher in the population with cumulative low values of HDL-c and high values of TGs, while HDL quality was reduced in the populations with impaired values of HDL-c and/or TGs, viewed by reduced large and increased small HDL subfractions. In conclusion, in a population with cardiovascular risk factors, low HDL-c and/or high TGs concentrations seem to be associated with a poor cardiometabolic profile, despite average LDL-c levels. This condition, often called residual risk, is better evidenced by using both traditional and nontraditional CV biomarkers, including large and small HDL subfractions, Ox-LDL, adiponectin, VEGF, and uric acid.
authors: Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, Sub-Unit 1 (Pólo III), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: Filipa
authors: F
authors: Mascarenhas-Melo
authors: Filipe
authors: F
authors: Palavra
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Marado
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Sereno
authors: Edite
authors: E
authors: Teixeira-Lemos
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Freitas
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Isabel-Mendonça
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Pinto
authors: Frederico
authors: F
authors: Teixeira
authors: Flávio
authors: F
authors: Reis
mesh_terms: D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D012307:Risk Factors; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human