title: Interference of an algal nutritional supplement with a urinary metabolic screening test for glycosaminoglycans in a dog suspected to have a storage disease.
abstract: The finding of excess urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAG) is the first step in the laboratory diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Urinary screening tests are based upon the binding of GAG to dimethylmethylene blue. Alternatively, paper spot tests using toluidine blue are used in human and veterinary laboratory medicine. Positive samples undergo GAG isolation for subsequent characterization. Here, we describe a 3-year-old English Cocker Spaniel with a positive urinary GAG test, but without other clinical signs of MPS. Urine samples were strongly positive with the dimethylmethylene blue test, and isolated GAG subjected to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate revealed a band co-migrating with dermatan sulfate. However, the isolated GAG were resistant to digestion with chondroitinase ABC, suggesting that the band did not represent dermatan sulfate. This was confirmed by mobility of the isolated GAG different from dermatan sulfate on agarose gel electrophoresis. MPS types VI and VII were excluded by enzyme assay. To test the hypothesis of a nutritional source, a healthy control dog was fed the same dog food as the index case. His urine showed a comparable abnormal GAG screening test and electrophoretic pattern. In addition, the analysis of an algal supplement present in the administered dog food showed a similar electrophoretic GAG pattern. The Cocker Spaniel was not available for further testing after withdrawal of the supplement. Algae contain highly sulfated fucans and galactans, and it appears that commercial dog food containing such algal, and possibly other, supplements can give rise to false-positive urinary MPS screening tests.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors: Adrian C
authors: AC
authors: Sewell
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Pankraz
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000662:veterinary; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000652:urine*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009083:Mucopolysaccharidoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C435946:dimethylmethylene blue; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Canine; hereditary disorders; mucopolysaccharides; urine