title: Contributions of major smoking-related diseases to reduction in life expectancy associated with smoking in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoking is a prominent risk factor for a wide range of diseases. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of smoking on deaths from major smoking-related diseases (neoplasms, vascular diseases and respiratory diseases) in Chinese adults by estimating the potential gains in life expectancy (LE) that would accrue from eliminating deaths from these diseases, and to determine the contribution of each disease to the reduction in LE associated with smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of Chinese smokers and non-smokers were constructed from a retrospective national mortality survey that had been conducted in 1989-1991 and included one million all-cause deaths among adults during 1986-1988 in 103 geographical regions. For each cohort, potential gains in LE by eliminating deaths from each major smoking-related disease were estimated. The contributions of each disease to smoking-associated reduction in LE were assessed using the LE decomposition approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the major smoking-related diseases, it was estimated that elimination of vascular diseases would provide the greatest potential gain in LE (years), regardless of smoking status. The gains for smokers versus non-smokers in populations of urban men, urban women, rural men and rural women aged 35 years were 3.5 vs. 4.3, 3.8 vs. 4.1, 2.4 vs. 3.0, and 2.6 vs. 2.9 years, respectively. Respiratory diseases contributed most to smoking-associated LE reductions in urban women, rural men and rural women of 43.6%, 46.4%, and 62.9%, respectively. In urban men, neoplasms contributed most to smoking-associated LE reduction, their contribution being estimated as 45.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory disease has the greatest influence on the LE reduction associated with smoking. Thus, smoking prevention could significantly reduce deaths from respiratory disease and improve LE.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Han
authors: Jingmei
authors: J
authors: Jiang
authors: Junyao
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Xianjia
authors: X
authors: Zeng
authors: Xiaonong
authors: X
authors: Zou
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Yuanli
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Zhao
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Hou
authors: Haiyu
authors: H
authors: Pang
authors: The Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li, Beijing 100021, China. boqiliu@163.com.
authors: Boqi
authors: B
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data