title: [Effects of different types and concentration of oral sweet solution on reducing neonatal pain during heel lance procedures].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of different types and concentrations of sweet solutions on neonatal pain during heel lance procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 560 full term neonates (male 295, female 265) were randomized into 7 groups:placebo group (plain water), 10% glucose, 25% glucose, 50% glucose, 12% sucrose, 24% sucrose and 30% sucrose groups.In each group, 2 ml corresponding oral solutions were administered through a syringe by dripping into the neonate's mouth 2 minute before heel lance. The procedure process was recorded by videos, from which to collect heart rate, oxygen saturation and pain score 1 min before puncture, 3, 5 and 10 min after puncture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average heart rate increase 3, 5 and 10 min after procedure in the 25% and 50% glucose groups, 12% and 24% and 30% sucrose groups was significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.01 or 0.05). The average heart rate increase 3 min after procedure in the sucrose group was lower than that in the glucose group (P < 0.01).Neonates who received 30% sucrose has a significantly lower average heart rate increase than those who received 12% and 24% sucrose 3 min after heel lance (both P < 0.05) . The average oxygen saturation decrease 3, 5, 10 min after procedure was significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.01). The average oxygen saturation decrease 3 min after procedure in the sucrose groups was significantly lower than that in the glucose groups (P < 0.01). The average pain score 3, 5, 10 min after procedure was significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.01). The average pain score 3 min after procedure in the sucrose groups was significantly lower than that in the glucose groups (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of sweet solutions is an effective way to relieve neonatal pain on procedure, and sucrose has a better pain relief action than glucose, moreover, 30% sucrose provides better effect in control of heart rate increase 3 min after heel lance, but the best concentration of sucrose for pain relief needs further study.
authors: Nursing Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing.
authors: Hong-yao
authors: HY
authors: Leng
authors: Email: zhengxl003@163.com.
authors: Xian-lan
authors: XL
authors: Zheng
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Yan
authors: Xian-hong
authors: XH
authors: Zhang
authors: Hua-yun
authors: HY
authors: He
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006339:Heart Rate; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen