title: The effect of hydration on mechanical anisotropy, topography and fibril organization of the osteonal lamellae.
abstract: The effect of hydration on the mechanical properties of osteonal bone, in directions parallel and perpendicular to the bone axis, was studied on three length scales: (i) the mineralized fibril level (~100 nm), (ii) the lamellar level (~6 µm); and (iii) the osteon level (up to ~30 µm).We used a number of techniques, namely atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation and microindentation. The mechanical properties (stiffness, modulus and/or hardness) have been studied under dry and wet conditions. On all three length scales the mechanical properties under dry conditions were found to be higher by 30-50% compared to wet conditions. Also the mechanical anisotropy, represented by the ratio between the properties in directions parallel and perpendicular to the osteon axis (anisotropy ratio, designated here by AnR), surprisingly decreased somewhat upon hydration. AFM imaging of osteonal lamellae revealed a disappearance of the distinctive lamellar structure under wet conditions. Altogether, these results suggest that a change in mineralized fibril orientation takes place upon hydration.
authors: Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Faingold
authors: Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Cohen
authors: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Shahar
authors: Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Weiner
authors: Department of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 58102, Israel.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Rapoport
authors: Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Electronic address: daniel.wagner@weizmann.ac.il.
authors: H D
authors: HD
authors: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens / Q000378:metabolism; D006244:Hardness; D006253:Haversian System / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D024022:Fibrillar Collagens; D014867:Water
keywords: Anisotropy; Dehydration; Lamellation; Modulus; Osteon