title: Utilizing thin-film solid-phase extraction to assess the effect of organic carbon amendments on the bioavailability of DDT and dieldrin to earthworms.
abstract: Improved approaches are needed to assess bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in contaminated soils. Performance of thin-film solid-phase extraction (TF-SPE) using vials coated with ethylene vinyl acetate was compared to earthworm bioassay (Lumbricus terrestris). A DDT and dieldrin contaminated soil was amended with four organic carbon materials to assess the change in bioavailability. Addition of organic carbon significantly lowered bioavailability for all compounds except for 4,4'-DDT. Equilibrium concentrations of compounds in the polymer were correlated with uptake by earthworms after 48d exposure (R(2) = 0.97; p < 0.001), indicating TF-SPE provided an accurate uptake simulation. Bioavailability of residues in soil was compared with a spiked soil aged for 90d in laboratory. Dieldrin and DDX were respectively 18% and 11% less bioavailable in contaminated soil relative to spiked soil despite >40yr of aging. Results show that TF-SPE can be useful in examining potential risks associated with contaminated soils and to test effectiveness of remediation efforts.
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Natasha A
authors: NA
authors: Andrade
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Tiziana
authors: T
authors: Centofanti
authors: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Electronic address: laura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov.
authors: Laura L
authors: LL
authors: McConnell
authors: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Cathleen J
authors: CJ
authors: Hapeman
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Alba
authors: A
authors: Torrents
authors: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Anh
authors: A
authors: Nguyen
authors: United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 308, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: W Nelson
authors: WN
authors: Beyer
authors: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors: Rufus L
authors: RL
authors: Chaney
authors: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, USA.
authors: Jeffrey M
authors: JM
authors: Novak
authors: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, 1173 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors: Marya O
authors: MO
authors: Anderson
authors: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC, USA.
authors: Keri B
authors: KB
authors: Cantrell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004026:Dieldrin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003634:DDT; D004026:Dieldrin
keywords: Bioavailability; DDT; Earthworms; Soil; Thin-film solid-phase extraction (TF-SPE)