title: Women who are motivated to eat and discount the future are more obese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Food reinforcement and delay discounting (DD) independently predict body mass index (BMI), but there is no research studying whether these variables interact to improve prediction of BMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMI, the relative reinforcing value of high (PMAXHED ) and low (PMAXLED ) energy dense food, and DD for $10 and $100 future rewards (DD10 , DD100 ) were measured in 199 adult females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMAXHED (P = 0.017), DD10 (P = 0.003), and DD100 (P = 0.003) were independent predictors of BMI. The interaction of PMAXLED × DD10 (P = 0.033) and DD100 (P = 0.039), and PMAXHED × DD10 (P = 0.038) and DD100 (P = 0.045) increased the variance accounted for predicting BMI beyond the base model controlling for age, education, minority status, disinhibition, and dietary restraint. Based on the regression model, BMI differed by about 2 BMI units for low versus high food reinforcement, by about 3 BMI units for low versus high DD, and by about 4 BMI units for those high in PMAXHED , but low in DD versus high in PMAXHED and high in DD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing DD may help prevent obesity and improve treatment of obesity in those who are high in food reinforcement.
authors: Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Farber Hall, Room G56, 3435 Main Street, Building #26, Buffalo, New York, 14214-3000, USA.
authors: Leonard H
authors: LH
authors: Epstein
authors: Noelle
authors: N
authors: Jankowiak
authors: Kelly D
authors: KD
authors: Fletcher
authors: Katelyn A
authors: KA
authors: Carr
authors: Chantal
authors: C
authors: Nederkoorn
authors: Hollie A
authors: HA
authors: Raynor
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000191:economics; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009765:Obesity / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012201:Reward; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires