title: Secreted frizzled related proteins: Implications in cancers.
abstract: The Wnt (wingless-type) signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tumor progression becaluse of its effect on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are extracellular inhibitors of Wnt signaling that act by binding directly to Wnt ligands or to Frizzled receptors. In recent years, aberrant expression of SFRPs has been reported to be associated with numerous cancers. As gene expression of SFRP members is often lost through promoter hypermethylation, inhibition of methylation through the use of epigenetic modifying agents could renew the expression of SFRP members and further antagonize deleterious Wnt signaling. Several reports have described epigenetic silencing of these Wnt signaling antagonists in various human cancers, suggesting their possible role as tumor suppressors. SFRP family members thus come across as potential tools in combating Wnt-driven tumorigenesis. However, little is known about SFRP family members and their role in different cancers. This review comprehensively covers all the available information on the role of SFRP molecules in various human cancers.
authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Surana
authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Sakshi
authors: S
authors: Sikka
authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Wanpei
authors: W
authors: Cai
authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Eun Myoung
authors: EM
authors: Shin
authors: Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India.
authors: Sudha R
authors: SR
authors: Warrier
authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors: Hong Jie Gabriel
authors: HJ
authors: Tan
authors: School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Arfuso
authors: Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.
authors: Simon A
authors: SA
authors: Fox
authors: School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia. Electronic address: a.dharmarajan@curtin.edu.au.
authors: Arun M
authors: AM
authors: Dharmarajan
authors: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845 Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA. Electronic address: csiapk@nus.edu.sg.
authors: Alan Prem
authors: AP
authors: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins
keywords: Cancer and cancer stem cells; Drug targets; Secreted frizzled-related proteins; Wnt signaling