title: The effects of perceived stigma on quality of life outcomes in persons with early-stage dementia: Longitudinal findings: Part 2.
abstract: This article is the second report from a study examining perceived stigma in persons with dementia with findings regarding the association between stigma and quality of life outcomes being reported here. Fifty persons with dementia and 47 family caregivers were sampled, with data being collected at baseline and six, 12, and 18 months. The modified Stigma Impact Scale measured perceived stigma. Quality of life outcomes included: depression, anxiety, behavioral symptoms, personal control, physical health, self-esteem, social support, and activity participation. Linear mixed model or generalized linear mixed model (for depression) analyses revealed that some aspect of perceived stigma was associated with each outcome. Social rejection was associated with anxiety, behavioral symptoms, health, and activity participation. Internalized shame was associated with anxiety, personal control, health, self-esteem, social support understanding and assistance, and activity participation. Finally, social isolation was associated with depression, anxiety, personal control, health, self-esteem, social support understanding, and activity participation. The complexity of relationships between perceived stigma and quality of life outcomes is evident from these findings.
authors: Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Illinois College of Nursing, IL, USA sburgenr@illinois.edu.
authors: Sandy C
authors: SC
authors: Burgener
authors: DWReynolds Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, College of Nursing, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, USA.
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Buckwalter
authors: Office for Nursing Research and Scholarship, College of Nursing, University of Iowa, IA, USA.
authors: Yelena
authors: Y
authors: Perkhounkova
authors: School of Geriatric Nursing and Care Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors: Megan F
authors: MF
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012752:Shame; D012934:Social Isolation; D057545:Social Stigma
keywords: community-dwelling; early stage dementia; mixed model analysis; perceived stigma; quality of life