title: Antibodies to influenza virus A/H1N1 hemagglutinin in Type 1 diabetes children diagnosed before, during and after the SWEDISH A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination campaign 2009-2010.
abstract: We determined A/H1N1-hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies in relation to HLA-DQ genotypes and islet autoantibodies at clinical diagnosis in 1141 incident 0.7-to 18-year-old type 1 diabetes patients diagnosed April 2009-December 2010. Antibodies to (35) S-methionine-labelled A/H1N1 hemagglutinin were determined in a radiobinding assay in patients diagnosed before (n = 325), during (n = 355) and after (n = 461) the October 2009-March 2010 Swedish A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination campaign, along with HLA-DQ genotypes and autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, IA-2 and ZnT8 transporter. Before vaccination, 0.6% patients had A/H1N1-HA antibodies compared with 40% during and 27% after vaccination (P < 0.0001). In children <3 years of age, A/H1N1-HA antibodies were found only during vaccination. The frequency of A/H1N1-HA antibodies during vaccination decreased after vaccination among the 3 < 6 (P = 0.006) and 13 < 18 (P = 0.001), but not among the 6 < 13-year-olds. HLA-DQ2/8 positive children <3 years decreased from 54% (15/28) before and 68% (19/28) during, to 30% (9/30) after vaccination (P = 0.014). Regardless of age, DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 177) patients had lower frequency (P = 0.020) and levels (P = 0.042) of A/H1N1-HA antibodies compared with non-DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 964) patients. GADA frequency was 50% before, 60% during and 51% after vaccination (P = 0.009). ZnT8QA frequency increased from 30% before to 34% during and 41% after vaccination (P = 0.002). Our findings suggest that young (<3 years) along with DQ2/2; 2/X patients were low responders to Pandemrix(®) . As the proportion of DQ2/8 patients <3 years of age decreased after vaccination and the frequencies of GADA and ZnT8QA were enhanced, it cannot be excluded that the vaccine affected clinical onset of type 1 diabetes.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Svensson
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ramelius
authors: A-L
authors: AL
authors: Nilsson
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Delli
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Elding Larsson
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Carlsson
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Forsander
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Ivarsson
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ludvigsson
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Kockum
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Marcus
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Samuelsson
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Örtqvist
authors: Å
authors: Å
authors: Lernmark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D014611:Vaccination; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001323:Autoantibodies; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C543345:H1N1 virus hemagglutinin; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8; C024211:islet cell antibody; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase