title: Body fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Biomarkers can be thought of as multifaceted indicators of healthy status or of pathological disorders. The study of multiple sclerosis can benefit from the use of biomarkers because of the disease's inherent heterogeneity. Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis might assist with diagnosis, prediction of disease course, or identification of response outcome to treatments. Despite the need for biomarkers and extensive research to identify them, validation and clinical application of biomarkers is still an unmet need in multiple sclerosis, and large gaps remain between exploratory biomarkers proposed in many studies, validated biomarkers, and biomarkers that are integrated into routine clinical practice.
authors: Department of Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Cemcat, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: manuel.comabella@vhir.org.
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Comabella
authors: Department of Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Cemcat, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Montalban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers