title: Comparison of in vitro toxicity of mainstream cigarette smoke particulate matter from nano- to micro-size.
abstract: In order to investigate the interrelationship between particulate matter (PM) size and in vitro toxicological effects of mainstream cigarette smoke, PM sized between 10 nm and 10 μm in mainstream cigarette smoke was sampled and divided into six stages. The in vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cell inhibition effects of PM were assessed by the neutral red cytotoxicity assay, Salmonella mutagenicity assay, micronucleus test and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The results showed that all test samples were cytotoxic in the neutral red cytotoxicity assay. The IC50 values in the small-sized groups were significantly lower than those in the large-sized groups. Most test samples were mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay (TA98 with S9 and TA100 with S9) and increased the frequency of micronucleated cells. Most PM disturbed the normal progression of the cell cycle, resulting in the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and the induction of apoptosis. In these tests, PM of a large size induced less toxicity compared with PM of a small size. These findings suggest that most PM samples induced toxicity in vitro, and PM of a small size was more toxic than PM of a large size.
authors: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
authors: Bencheng
authors: B
authors: Lin
authors: Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address: lixiang79ben@hotmail.com.
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
authors: Huashan
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
authors: Zhiqing
authors: Z
authors: Lin
authors: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Tian
authors: Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Nie
authors: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
authors: Yanjun
authors: Y
authors: Fang
authors: Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China. Electronic address: zhugexi2003@sina.cn.
authors: Zhuge
authors: Z
authors: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016466:CHO Cells; D002453:Cell Cycle; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke
keywords: ANOVA; CHO; Chinese hamster ovary cells; DMSO; FBS; KCl; MNF; Mainstream cigarette smoke; NADP; NS; Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate; PBS; PI; PM; Particle size; Particulate matter; SLS; Toxicity; analysis of variance; dimethylsulfoxide; foetal bovine serum; frequency of micronucleated; kalium chloratum; normal saline; particulate matter; phosphate buffer solution; propidium iodide; sodium lauryl sulphate