title: Quality of dietary intake in relation to body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A poor dietary quality may accelerate disturbances in body composition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but only limited studies have investigated dietary intake from this perspective. The objective of the current study was to investigate dietary intake in relation to low fat-free mass and abdominal obesity in COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake was assessed by means of a cross-check dietary history method in 564 COPD patients referred for pulmonary rehabilitation. The Dutch Food Composition Database was used to calculate nutrient intake, which was compared with the 2006 recommendations from the Dutch Health Council. Body composition was assessed by DEXA scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, the reported intake of macronutrients represented a typical western diet. With regard to micronutrients, vitamin D and calcium intakes were below the recommended levels in the majority of patients (>75%), whereas vitamin A, C and E intakes were below the recommended levels in over one-third of patients. Patients with inadequate vitamin D intake more frequently reported a low intake of protein (P=0.02) and micronutrients (P<0.001). Patients with a low fat-free mass index (FFMI) more often had low intake of protein, while abdominally obese patients more often had low intake of protein and most micronutrients (P<0.05). Patients with both low FFMI and abdominal obesity appeared most often to be consuming a poor-quality diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that dietary quality is low in COPD patients referred for pulmonary rehabilitation and differs between patients with different body composition profiles.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: van de Bool
authors: Program Development Centre, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO +), Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Mattijssen-Verdonschot
authors: Program Development Centre, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO +), Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: P P M J
authors: PP
authors: van Melick
authors: Program Development Centre, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO +), Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Spruit
authors: Program Development Centre, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO +), Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: F M E
authors: FM
authors: Franssen
authors: 1] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands [2] Program Development Centre, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO +), Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: E F M
authors: EF
authors: Wouters
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: A M W J
authors: AM
authors: Schols
authors: Program Development Centre, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure (CIRO +), Horn, The Netherlands.
authors: E P A
authors: EP
authors: Rutten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D063427:Food Quality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients; D014807:Vitamin D