title: The roles of genetic polymorphisms and human immunodeficiency virus infection in lipid metabolism.
abstract: Dyslipidemia has been frequently observed among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and factors related to HIV-1, the host, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are involved in this phenomenon. This study reviews the roles of genetic polymorphisms, HIV-1 infection, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in lipid metabolism. Lipid abnormalities can vary according to the HAART regimen, such as those with protease inhibitors (PIs). However, genetic factors may also be involved in dyslipidemia because not all patients receiving the same HAART regimen and with comparable demographic, virological, and immunological characteristics develop variations in the lipid profile. Polymorphisms in a large number of genes are involved in the synthesis of structural proteins, and enzymes related to lipid metabolism account for variations in the lipid profile of each individual. As some genetic polymorphisms may cause dyslipidemia, these allele variants should be investigated in HIV-1-infected patients to identify individuals with an increased risk of developing dyslipidemia during treatment with HAART, particularly during therapy with PIs. This knowledge may guide individualized treatment decisions and lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia in these patients.
authors: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, CEP 86038-440 Londrina, PR, Brazil ; Pathological Sciences Postgraduate Program, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Campus Universitário, CEP 86051-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors: Elaine Regina Delicato
authors: ER
authors: de Almeida
authors: Edna Maria Vissoci
authors: EM
authors: Reiche
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: Kallaur
authors: Tamires
authors: T
authors: Flauzino
authors: Maria Angelica Ehara
authors: MA
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors