title: Brief motivational enhancement intervention to prevent or reduce postpartum alcohol use: a single-blinded, randomized controlled effectiveness trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to assess the effect of brief motivational enhancement intervention postpartum alcohol use.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a single-blinded, randomized controlled effectiveness trial in which pregnant women were assigned to receive usual care or up to 5 face-to-face brief motivational enhancement sessions lasting 10-30 minutes each and occurring at study enrollment, 4 and 8 weeks after enrollment, 32 weeks of gestation, and 6 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting is in a large, urban, obstetrics clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were women who were ≥ 18 years old, <20 weeks of gestation, and consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Of 3438 women screened, 330 eligible women were assigned to usual care (n = 165) or intervention (n=165). Due to missing data, we analyzed 125 in the intervention group and 126 in the usual care group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The measurements were the proportion of women with any alcohol use and the number of drinks per day, reported via follow-up telephone interviews at 4 and 8 weeks after enrollment, 32 weeks of gestation, and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In random effects models adjusted for confounders, the intervention group was less likely to use any alcohol (odds ratio 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-1.09; P=0.08) and consumed fewer drinks per day (coefficient -0.11; 95% CI -0.23-0.01; P=0.07) than, the usual care group in the postpartum period but these differences were non-significant. Missing data during the prenatal period prevented us from modeling prenatal alcohol use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief motivational enhancement intervention delivered in an obstetrical outpatient setting did not conclusively decrease alcohol use during the postpartum period.
authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Data Center, Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: rubiodm@upmc.edu.
authors: Doris McGartland
authors: DM
authors: Rubio
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Nancy L
authors: NL
authors: Day
authors: Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Conigliaro
authors: Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Barbara H
authors: BH
authors: Hanusa
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Larkby
authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: McNeil
authors: Data Center, Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Elan
authors: E
authors: Cohen
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Bobby
authors: B
authors: Jones
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Watt-Morse
authors: Neonatology, UPMC Hamot Women's Hospital, Erie, PA, USA.
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Gilmour
authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Lancet
authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Kevin L
authors: KL
authors: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009042:Motivation; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D016037:Single-Blind Method
keywords: Brief motivational enhancement; Comparative effectiveness; Postpartum alcohol use; Randomized trial