title: CAR T cells: driving the road from the laboratory to the clinic.
abstract: Blockbuster antibody therapies have catapulted immune-based approaches to treat cancer into the consciousness of mainstay clinical research. On the back of this, other emerging immune-based therapies are providing great promise. T-cell therapy is one such area where recent trials using T cells genetically modified to express an antibody-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeted against the CD19 antigen have demonstrated impressive responses when adoptively transferred to patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The general concept of the CAR T cell was devised some 20 years ago. In this relatively short period of time, the technology to redirect T-cell function has moved at pace facilitating clinical translation; however, many questions remain with respect to developing the approach to improve CAR T-cell therapeutic activity and also to broaden the range of tumors that can be effectively targeted by this approach. This review highlights some of the underlying principles and compromises of CAR T-cell technology using the CD19-targeted CAR as a paradigm and discusses some of the issues that relate to targeting solid tumors with CAR T cells.
authors: Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Healthcare Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Targeted Therapy Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Healthcare Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
authors: Eleanor J
authors: EJ
authors: Cheadle
authors: Hannah
authors: H
authors: Gornall
authors: Vania
authors: V
authors: Baldan
authors: Vivien
authors: V
authors: Hanson
authors: Robert E
authors: RE
authors: Hawkins
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Gilham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015448:Leukemia, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
keywords: T cell; chimeric antigen receptor; gene transfer; lymphoma