title: Selenium‑enriched exopolysaccharides produced by Enterobacter cloacae Z0206 alleviate adipose inflammation in diabetic KKAy mice through the AMPK/SirT1 pathway.
abstract: Polysaccharides belong to a structurally diverse class of macromolecules, with the necessary flexibility for the precise regulatory mechanisms and high capacity for carrying biological information. On the basis of a previous study regarding the administration of selenium-enriched exopolysaccharides (Se-ECZ-EPS) produced by Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) Z0206 which resulted in a reduction of blood glucose levels and showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects and mechanism of EPS on the alleviation of fat inflammation in high-fat-diet (HFD) induced-diabetic KKAy mice. The HFD induced-diabetic KKAy mice were gavaged once daily with EPS (0.2 mg/g body weight) or distilled water, while the C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with distilled water. Six weeks later visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was collected for quantified polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot (WB) analysis. The results showed that following supplementation with EPS, interleukin (IL) 6, IL1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α mRNA expression in VAT were significantly reduced, while Glut4, pAMPK and SirT1 protein expression were markedly increased when compared with KKAy mice gavaged with water. Furthermore, ATGL and HSL mRNA were also significantly decreased. Subsequently, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with insulin to induce insulin resistance to determine the mechanism by which EPS affects inflammation. Following the treatment of adipocytes with 100 nM insulin for 8 h, IL6 and TNFα mRNA expression were significantly increased, while the content of glucose uptake and Glut4 protein expression were significantly decreased. When treated with 100 nM insulin and 0.1 mg/ml EPS, no significant change in IL6 and TNFα mRNA expression or glucose uptake were observed. However, when SirT1‑siRNA or AMPKα1-siRNA was transfected into the 3T3-L1 adipocytes prior to treatment with insulin and EPS, there was a significant increase in IL6 and TNFα mRNA abundance. In conclusion, VAT inflammation and lipolysis in HFD-induced KKAy mice were significantly decreased following EPS usage. Moreover, EPS may alleviate VAT inflammation primarily through the AMPK/SirT1 pathway.
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Xihong
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Fengqin
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Hangxian
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Jingqing
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Ren
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Zhangqin
authors: Z
authors: Yuan
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Xinxia
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.
authors: Yizhen
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C548179:Prkaa1 protein, mouse; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D012643:Selenium