title: Preliminary evaluation of different biomaterials for defect healing in an experimental osteoporotic rat model with dynamic PET-CT (dPET-CT) using F-18-sodium fluoride (NaF).
abstract: The aim of the current study was to measure and compare the effect of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and CPC enriched with strontium (SrCPC) for the healing of osteoporotic bone defects in the rat femur using (18)F-Sodium Fluoride dPET-CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy and a calcium restricted diet. After three months, rats were operated to create a 4 mm defect in the distal metaphyseal femur with internal fixation. 7 Rats have been treated either with CPC (Group 2) or with SrCPC (Group 3) for bone replacement and defect healing. Furthermore, a control group of 7 rats without any biomaterial (Group 1) was used for reference. 18 weeks after osteoporosis induction and 6 weeks following femoral surgery, dPET-CT studies scan were performed with (18)F-Sodium Fluoride. SUVs and a 2-tissue compartmental learning-machine model (K1-k4, VB, influx) were used for quantitative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VB, reflecting the fractional blood volume and k3, reflecting the formation of fluoroapatite were the most sensitive parameters for the characterisation of healing process and revealed the best differentiation for the control group and the CPC group (Group 2) as well as for the CPC with strontium carbonate group (Group 3) (p<0.05). VB was decreased by the order of Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3, while k3 was increased by the same order. Therefore, the data direct to a decreased fractional blood volume and increased fixation of fluoride in rats with these biomaterials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found PET scanning using (18)F-Sodium Fluoride to be a sensitive and useful method for evaluation of bone healing after replacement with CPC or SrCPC.
authors: Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: c.cheng@dkfz.de.
authors: Caixia
authors: C
authors: Cheng
authors: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany.
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Alt
authors: Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Leyun
authors: L
authors: Pan
authors: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany.
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Thormann
authors: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany.
authors: Reinhard
authors: R
authors: Schnettler
authors: Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Ludwig G
authors: LG
authors: Strauss
authors: Technische Universität Dresden, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Schumacher
authors: Technische Universität Dresden, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Gelinsky
authors: Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000172:deficiency; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000473:pathology*; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C020243:calcium phosphate; D002118:Calcium
keywords: (18)F-Sodium Fluoride (NaF); Biomaterials; Bone defect; Osteoporosis; PET-CT