title: Resonance frequency analysis as a predictor of early implant failure in the partially edentulous posterior maxilla following immediate nonfunctional loading or delayed loading with single unit restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of baseline resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements to predict early implant failure in the posterior maxilla and to evaluate potential correlations between this measurement with Hounsfield units, bone quality variables, and implant dimension.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective randomized study involved 46 SLActive Straumann implants placed in the posterior maxillae of 21 subjects. Each patient received at least one control (delayed loading) and one experimental (immediate nonfunctional loading) implant. Each site was evaluated with presurgical computer-assisted tomography (CT) scans, histomorphometric analysis of bone cores, and subjective determination of bone quality. Baseline implant stability quotients (ISQ) were determined by RFA measurements made at the time of fixture placement. Pearson's correlation analysis and Spearman's test were used to identify statistically significant correlations within the resultant data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine whether baseline ISQ values can accurately predict early implant failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean baseline ISQ values for the two groups were 66.8 (experimental) and 66.2 (control). The 12-month survival rates were 86.4% (experimental) and 100% (control). There were no statistically significant correlations between baseline ISQ values and early implant failure, bone quality variables, or implant dimension. ROC analysis showed that baseline ISQ values cannot predict early implant failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline RFA measurements were not able to predict early failure of immediately loaded implants placed in the posterior maxilla and therefore should not be used to determine whether an implant is a candidate for immediate nonfunctional loading in this region of the mouth.
authors: Department of Oral Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Kim
authors: Alexandre L V L
authors: AL
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Alan M
authors: AM
authors: Atlas
authors: Najeed
authors: N
authors: Saleh
authors: Jamie
authors: J
authors: Royal
authors: Mehrdad
authors: M
authors: Radvar
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Korostoff
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014732:Vibration
keywords: immediate loading; implant stability; maxilla; resonance frequency analysis