title: Ciprofloxacin oxidation by UV-C activated peroxymonosulfate in wastewater.
abstract: This work aimed at demonstrating the advantages to use sulfate radical anion for eliminating ciprofloxacin residues from treated domestic wastewater by comparing three UV-254nm based advanced oxidation processes: UV/persulfate (PDS), UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and UV/H2O2. In distilled water, the order of efficiency was UV/PDS>UV/PMS>UV/H2O2 while in wastewater, the most efficient process was UV/PMS followed by UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 mainly because PMS decomposition into sulfate radical anion was activated by bicarbonate ions. CIP was fully degraded in wastewater at pH 7 in 60min for a [PMS]/[CIP] molar ratio of 20. Nine transformation products were identified by liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry allowing for the establishment of degradation pathways in the UV/PMS system. Sulfate radical anion attacks prompted transformations at the piperazinyl ring through a one electron oxidation mechanism as a major pathway while hydroxyl radical attacks were mainly responsible for quinolone moiety transformations as a minor pathway. Sulfate radical anion generation has made UV/PMS a kinetically effective process in removing ciprofloxacin from wastewater with the elimination of ciprofloxacin antibacterial activity.
authors: UMR HydroSciences 5569, Montpellier University, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
authors: Moussa
authors: M
authors: Mahdi-Ahmed
authors: UMR HydroSciences 5569, Montpellier University, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France. Electronic address: Serge.Chiron@msem.univ-montp2.fr.
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Chiron
mesh_terms: D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010545:Peroxides; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C038288:peroxymonosulfate
keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Sulfate radical anion; Transformation pathways.; UV/peroxymonosulfate; Wastewater