title: A systematic review of validated methods to capture myopericarditis using administrative or claims data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify algorithms that can capture incident cases of myocarditis and pericarditis in administrative and claims databases; these algorithms can eventually be used to identify cardiac inflammatory adverse events following vaccine administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE from 1991 to September 2012 using controlled vocabulary and key terms related to myocarditis. We also searched the reference lists of included studies. Two investigators independently assessed the full text of studies against pre-determined inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding participant and algorithm characteristics as well as study conduct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine publications (including one study reported in two publications) met criteria for inclusion. Two studies performed medical record review in order to confirm that these coding algorithms actually captured patients with the disease of interest. One of these studies identified five potential cases, none of which were confirmed as acute myocarditis upon review. The other study, which employed a search algorithm based on diagnostic surveillance (using ICD-9 codes 420.90, 420.99, 422.90, 422.91 and 429.0) and sentinel reporting, identified 59 clinically confirmed cases of myopericarditis among 492,671 United States military service personnel who received smallpox vaccine between 2002 and 2003. Neither study provided algorithm validation statistics (positive predictive value, sensitivity, or specificity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A validated search algorithm is currently unavailable for identifying incident cases of pericarditis or myocarditis. Several authors have published unvalidated ICD-9-based search algorithms that appear to capture myocarditis events occurring in the context of other underlying cardiac or autoimmune conditions.
authors: Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Suite 700, Suite 600, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA. Electronic address: trijer922@gmail.com.
authors: Rachel T
authors: RT
authors: Idowu
authors: Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, S437 CPHB University of Iowa, 105 River Street, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Electronic address: ryan-carnahan@uiowa.edu.
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Carnahan
authors: Vanderbilt Evidence-based Practice Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Suite 600, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA. Electronic address: nila.sathe@vanderbilt.edu.
authors: Nila A
authors: NA
authors: Sathe
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA. Electronic address: melissa.mcpheeters@vanderbilt.edu.
authors: Melissa L
authors: ML
authors: McPheeters
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007345:Insurance Claim Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010493:Pericarditis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Q000379:methods; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: Administrative database; All; ECMO; ELSO; Extracorporeal Life Support Organization; IBD; ICD; ICD-9; International Classification of Diseases; Myocarditis; NR; SLE; UC; Vaccine; Validation; all fields; date of publication; dp; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; inflammatory bowel disease; la; language; medical subject heading; mh; not reported; pt; publication type; systemic lupus erythematosus; textword; tw; ulcerative colitis