title: Exploring alcohol-use behaviors among heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents: intersections with sex, age, and race/ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined sexual orientation status differences in alcohol use among youths aged 13 to 18 years or older, and whether differences were moderated by sex, age, or race/ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We pooled data from the 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and conducted weighted analyses, adjusting for complex design effects. We operationalized sexual orientation status with items assessing sexual orientation identity, sexual behavior, sexual attraction, or combinations of these.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with exclusively heterosexual youths, sexual-minority youths were more likely to report each of the primary study outcomes (i.e., lifetime and past-month alcohol use, past-month heavy episodic drinking, earlier onset of drinking, and more frequent past-month drinking). Alcohol-use disparities were larger and more robust for (1) bisexual youths than lesbian or gay youths, (2) girls than boys, and (3) younger than older youths. Few differences in outcomes were moderated by race/ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bisexual youths, sexual-minority girls, and younger sexual-minority youths showed the largest alcohol-use disparities. Research is needed that focuses on identifying explanatory or mediating mechanisms, psychiatric or mental health comorbidities, and long-term consequences of early onset alcohol use, particularly frequent or heavy use, among sexual-minority youths.
authors: Amelia E. Talley is with the Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock. Tonda L. Hughes and Frances Aranda are with the Department of Health Systems Science, the University of Illinois at Chicago. Michelle Birkett is with the Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago. Michael P. Marshal is with the Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors: Amelia E
authors: AE
authors: Talley
authors: Tonda L
authors: TL
authors: Hughes
authors: Frances
authors: F
authors: Aranda
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Birkett
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Marshal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019529:Sexuality / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States