title: Graft copolymer nanoparticles with pH and reduction dual-induced disassemblable property for enhanced intracellular curcumin release.
abstract: Nanoparticle (NP)-assisted drug delivery systems with disassemblable behaviors in response to intracellular microenvironment are urgently demanded in systemic cancer chemotherapy for enhanced intracellular drug release. Curcumin (CUR), an effective and safe anticancer agent, was limited by its water insolubility and poor bioavailability. Herein, pH and reduction dual-induced disassemblable NPs for high loading efficiency and improved intracellular release of CUR were developed based on an acid degradable cyclic benzylidene acetal groups (CBAs)-functionalized poly(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylidene-1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane methacrylate)-g-SS-poly(ethylene glycol) (PTTMA-g-SS-PEG) graft copolymer, which was readily prepared via RAFT copolymerization and coupling reaction. The NPs self-assembled from PTTMA-g-SS-PEG copolymers were stable at physiological pH, and quickly disassembled in mildly acidic and reductive environments because of the hydrolysis of CBAs in hydrophobic PTTMA core and the cleavage of disulfide-linked detachable PEG shell. PTTMA-g-SS-PEG NPs exhibited excellent CUR loading capacity with drug loading content up to 19.2% and entrapment efficiency of 96.0%. Within 20 h in vitro, less than 15.0% of CUR was released from the CUR-loaded NPs in normal physiological conditions, whereas 94.3% was released in the presence of reductive agent and mildly acidic conditions analogous to the microenvironment in endosome/lysosome and cytoplasm. Confocal fluorescence microscopies revealed that the CUR-loaded PTTMA-g-SS-PEG NPs exhibited more efficiently intracellular CUR release for EC-109 cells than that of CUR-loaded reduction-unresponsive PTTMA-g-PEG NPs and free CUR. In vitro cytotoxicity studies displayed blank PTTMA-g-SS-PEG NPs showed low toxicity at concentrations up to 1.0 mg/mL, whereas CUR-loaded PTTMA-g-SS-PEG NPs demonstrated more efficient growth inhibition toward EC-109 and HepG-2 cells than reduction-unresponsive controls and free CUR. Therefore, the above results indicated that pH and reduction dual-induced disassemblable PTTMA-g-SS-PEG NPs may have emerged as superior nanocarriers for active loading and promoted intracellular drug delivery in systemic cancer chemotherapy.
authors: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.
authors: Junqiang
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Jinjian
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Shuxin
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: Junhui
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: Shangcong
authors: S
authors: Han
authors: Liandong
authors: L
authors: Deng
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Jianfeng
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Aimin
authors: A
authors: Meng
authors: Anjie
authors: A
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003474:Curcumin