title: Correlation between the length and sagittal projection of the upper and lower jaw and the fundamental frequency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on the correlation between the length and projection of the upper and lower jaw and the fundamental frequency (F0).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 healthy subjects were included in this study. The facial skeletal measurements included: SNA, SNB, ANB, angles that reflect the position of the maxilla and mandible in relation to the base of skull and to each others, length of mandible Co-Gn, and length of maxilla PNS-ANS. All subjects underwent acoustic analysis using VISI-PITCH IV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The means for F0 and habitual frequency were 220.75 + 40.01 Hz and 216.99 + 43.9 Hz, respectively. The means for SNA, SNB, and ANB were 80.753 ± 3.20, 77.409 ± 3.64, and 3.336 ± 2.57, respectively. The mean length of the mandible and maxilla were 104.28 + 7.94 and 50.29 + 3.94, respectively. In the total group, there was a moderate negative correlation between F0 and habitual frequency and the length of the mandible (r = -0.528 and -0.577, respectively). There was also a moderate negative correlation between F0 and habitual frequency and the length of the maxilla (r = -0.473 and -0.519, respectively). Similar findings were present after excluding the pubertal subjects. With respect to the other cephalometric measurements, the correlation was poor (r value < 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a moderate negative correlation between the length of the upper and lower jaw and the average F0 and habitual frequency. The remaining facial sagittal projection parameters do not correlate with the average F0 and habitual frequency.
authors: Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Anthony T
authors: AT
authors: Macari
authors: Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Ingrid A
authors: IA
authors: Karam
authors: Laryngology Division, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Dollen
authors: D
authors: Tabri
authors: Laryngology Division, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Doja
authors: D
authors: Sarieddine
authors: Laryngology Division, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: ah77@aub.edu.lb.
authors: Abdul-Latif
authors: AL
authors: Hamdan
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fundamental frequency; Habitual pitch; Length of the mandible; Length of the maxilla