title: Effectiveness of different intracanal irrigation techniques in removing intracanal paste medicaments.
abstract: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different intracanal irrigation techniques in removing intracanal medicaments prior to obturation. A total of 168 single roots were prepared with ProTaper® rotary files and medicament pastes applied (Ledermix®, Odontopaste®, Doxypaste and Pulpdent®), left in for 2 weeks, then removed using filing followed by one of four methods: irrigation with an open-ended notched irrigation needle (Appli-Vac) either at the working length or 5 mm from the canal orifice, or the Max-I-probe or EndoActivator® at the working length. Following the removal of medicaments, the roots were split into two and the internal surfaces photographed, for digital image analysis of the overall percentage of residual medicament. With the exception of canals irrigated 5 mm apical to the root canal orifice, all four irrigation techniques achieved an average of 95% for removal of Ledermix®, Odontopaste® and Doxypaste. Calcium hydroxide paste was the most difficult medicament to remove, with no difference between irrigation techniques. Up to 27% of the Pulpdent® material remained after irrigation. No irrigation technique could completely remove all traces of medicaments. The position of the irrigational needle and the type of medicament used are key factors, which influence the effectiveness of irrigation in removing medicaments.
authors: School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
authors: Kenny
authors: K
authors: Chou
authors: Roy
authors: R
authors: George
authors: Laurence J
authors: LJ
authors: Walsh
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003707:Demeclocycline / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D009339:Needles; D009824:Ointments; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009824:Ointments; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D003707:Demeclocycline; C033443:EDTAC; C001527:Ledermix; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D000077286:Cetrimonium
keywords: calcium hydroxide; irrigation; medicament; root staining; tetracycline