title: Characterization of plasmid-mediated β-lactamases in fecal colonizing patients in the hospital and community setting in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Active surveillance of plasmid-mediated β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (PMBL-E) in fecal carriers in the hospital and in the community setting in a non-outbreak period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were screened for carriage of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and PMBL-E were characterized (extended-spectrum-β-lactamase [ESBL], plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase [pAmpC], and carbapenemases) by PCR and sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ESBL and pAmpC carriers was 5.06% and 0.59%, respectively. Overall, CTX-M-like enzymes were the ESBL dominate enzymes (96.15%). The group CTX-M-9 was the most prevalent (81, 54%) [CTX-M-14 (74, 91.35%), CTX-M-9 (5, 6.17%), CTX-M-24 (1, 1.23%), and CTX-M-27 (1, 1.23%)] followed by the group CTX-M-1 (64, 42.67%) [CTX-M-15 (42, 65.63%), CTX-M-1 (13, 20.31%), CTX-M-32 (8, 12.5%), and CTX-M-3 (1, 1.56%)]. One CTX-M-10, one CTX-M-59, and three CTX-M-8 were also found. A very small representation of SHV or TEM ESBL enzymes was found (3.2% and 0.64%, respectively). pAmpC characterization revealed a predominance of CMY-2 (81.25%), followed by DHA-1 (18.75%). We did not detect the presence of carbapenemase producers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of ESBL-producers from fecal carriers is stable in our area, but colonization by pAmpC producers has emerged recently as we have confirmed. Periodic active surveillance is useful to identify these human reservoirs and control the evolution of PMBL carriage in a community over time.
authors: 1 Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa," Zaragoza, Spain .
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Garrido
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Seral
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Gude
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Casado
authors: María
authors: M
authors: González-Domínguez
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: Sáenz
authors: Francisco Javier
authors: FJ
authors: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002353:Carrier State; D002648:Child; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010957:Plasmids; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D001618:beta-Lactamases