title: [Expression of insulin-like factor 3 in the testis of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mice and its significance].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the changes in the mRNA expression of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL-3) in the testis of mouse models of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized pregnant BALB/c mice to groups A (control) , B, C, D and E to receive continuous gavage of flutamide at 0, 150, 300, 500 and 700 mg/kg body weight, respectively, from gestation day 12 to 21. We detected the expression of INSL-3 mRNA in the testis of the neonates by real-time PCR at 4 and 8 postnatal weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No cryptorchidism was found in group A; unilateral cryptorchidism was seen in groups B (10.0%) and C (25.0%); and bilateral cryptorchidism was observed in groups D (21.1%) and E (40.0%). The expression of INSL-3 mRNA was reduced with the increased dose of flutamide, not significantly changed in groups B and C (P > 0.05) but remarkably decreased in D and E as compared with A (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of flutamide to pregnant mice can induce unilateral cryptorchidism at 150 and 300 mg/kg and bilateral cryptorchidism at 500 and 700 mg/kg in their male offspring, which may be related with its reducing effect on the expression of INSL-3 in the testis of the mice.
authors: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China. urology@163.com
authors: Yao-Mei
authors: YM
authors: Yuan
authors: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
authors: Ci
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Bai
authors: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Zheng
authors: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
authors: Xiang-Jun
authors: XJ
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005485:Flutamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011247:Pregnancy; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C084797:Leydig insulin-like protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005485:Flutamide