title: The association between galectin-3 and clinical parameters in patients with first acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Galectin-3, a biomarker associated with fibrosis and inflammation, has been implicated in development and progression of heart failure (HF) and predicts increased mortality and morbidity in this condition. HF frequently develops after myocardial infarction (MI), contributing to worse outcome. The aim of this study is to assess the association between galectin-3 levels and various clinical parameters in acute phase of first MI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients without prior HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 145 consecutive patients with first acute MI treated with pPCI with stent implantation. Exclusion criteria were: prior HF, severe valvular diseases, coexisting cancers, connective tissue diseases and cirrhosis. Serum galectin-3 concentration was measured within 3-5 days after onset of acute MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients with the highest galectin-3 levels (4th quartile, > 16 ng/mL) were compared to 109 subjects with a biomarker concentration ≤ 16 ng/mL. Elevated galectin-3 levels were more often observed in females, the elderly, subjects with coexisting diabetes, renaldysfunction and permanent atrial fi brillation (AF). Galectin-3 correlated with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (r = 0.27, p < 0.001) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that only new-onset AF and diuretics treatment during hospitalization were independently associated with galectin-3 levels > 16 ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated galectin-3 levels were associated with a higher rate of new-onset AF and diuretics treatment during hospitalization in patients with first MI treated with pPCI without prior HF.
authors: Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. iwonakoska@interia.pl.
authors: Iwona
authors: I
authors: Szadkowska
authors: Rafał Nikodem
authors: RN
authors: Wlazeł
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Migała
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Szadkowski
authors: Marzenna
authors: M
authors: Zielińska
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Paradowski
authors: Lucjan
authors: L
authors: Pawlicki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood*; D037161:Galectins; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004232:Diuretics; D037502:Galectin 3; D037161:Galectins; C428445:LGALS3 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002097:C-Reactive Protein