title: Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical profile of Galphimia glauca.
abstract: Galphimia glauca, commonly known as "flor de estrella", is a plant species used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of different diseases that have an acute or chronic inflammatory process in common. Aerial parts of this plant contain nor-seco-triterpenoids with anxiolytic properties, which have been denominated galphimines. Other compounds identified in the plant are tetragalloyl-quinic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin, which are able to inhibit the bronchial obstruction induced by platelet-activating factor. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of crude extracts from G. glauca and, by means of bioguided chemical separation, to identify the compounds responsible for this pharmacological activity. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts showed an important anti-inflammatory effect. Chemical separation of the active methanol extract allowed us to identify the nor-seco-triterpenes galphimine-A (1) and galphimine-E (3) as the anti-inflammatory principles. Analysis of structure-activity relationships evidenced that the presence of an oxygenated function in C6 is absolutely necessary to show activity. In this work, the isolation and structural elucidation of two new nor-seco-triterpenes denominated as galphimine-K (4) and galphimine-L (5), together with different alkanes, fatty acids, as well as three flavonoids (17-19), are described, to our knowledge for the first time, from Galphimia glauca.
authors: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, México.
authors: Manasés
authors: M
authors: González-Cortazar
authors: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, México.
authors: Maribel
authors: M
authors: Herrera-Ruiz
authors: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, México.
authors: Alejandro
authors: A
authors: Zamilpa
authors: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, México.
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Jiménez-Ferrer
authors: Centro de Investigaciones Químicas (CIQ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Marquina
authors: Centro de Investigaciones Químicas (CIQ), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Alvarez
authors: Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, Xochitepec, Morelos, México.
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Tortoriello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D031582:Galphimia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; C504560:galphimine A; C508540:galphimine E; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate