title: Ozonation products of carbamazepine and their removal from secondary effluents by soil aquifer treatment--indications from column experiments.
abstract: Ozonation is known as an efficient treatment to reduce the concentration of many trace organic compounds from WWTP effluents, but the formation of unknown and possibly persistent and toxic transformation products has to be considered. In this paper tertiary treatment of wastewater by the combination of ozone and soil aquifer treatment was investigated with respect to the removal of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ, 10 μg/L) and its transformation products. Batch tests and pilot experiments confirmed efficient removal of carbamazepine from secondary effluent by ozone. With typical ozone consumption of 0.7 mg O3/mg DOC0, approx. 50% of the transformed CBZ was detected as its primary product 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM). Structure proposals and a formation pathway were elaborated for a total of 13 ozonation products of CBZ. In subsequent biological treatment BQM turned out to be more effectively biodegraded than CBZ. Its aldehyde group was quickly oxidized to a carboxylic acid (BaQM), which was removed in sand column experiments. Most of the minor ozonation products of CBZ persisted in sand column experiments with residence times of 5-6 days. Non-target screening of column effluent revealed no formation of persistent biotransformation products.
authors: Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Str. des 17. Juni, 10623 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: uwe.huebner@tu-berlin.de.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Hübner
authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Seiwert
authors: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Reemtsma
authors: Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, Str. des 17. Juni, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jekel
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine; D010126:Ozone
keywords: Carbamazepine; Ozonation; Soil aquifer treatment; Transformation products