title: The influence of ACE ID and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the influence of the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms (single or combined) on lower-extremity function in older women in response to high-speed power training.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-nine healthy older Caucasian women participated in this study (age: 65.5 ± 8.2 years, body mass: 67.0 ± 10.0 kg and height: 1.57 ± 0.06 m). Walking speed (S10) performance and functional capacity assessed by the "get-up and go" (GUG) mobility test were measured at baseline (T1) and after a consecutive 12-week period of high-speed power training (40-75% of one repetition maximum in arm and leg extensor exercises; 3 sets 4-12 reps, and two power exercises for upper and lower extremity). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and genotyping analyses were performed by PCR methods. Genotype distributions between groups were compared by Chi-Square test and the gains in physical performance were analyzed by two-way, repeated-measures ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between genotype groups in men or women for adjusted baseline phenotypes (P > 0.05). ACE I/D and ACTN3 polymorphisms showed a significant interaction genotype-training only in S10 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.044, respectively) and not in the GUG test (P = 0.311 and P = 0.477, respectively). Analyses of the combined effects between genotypes showed no other significant differences in all phenotypes (P < 0.05) at baseline. However, in response to high-speed power training, a significant interaction on walking speed (P = 0.048) was observed between the "power" (ACTN3 RR + RX & ACE DD) versus "non-power" muscularity-oriented genotypes (ACTN3 XX & ACE II + ID)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms are likely candidates in the modulation of exercise-related gait speed phenotype in older women but not a significant influence in mobility traits.
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Pereira
authors: Aldo M
authors: AM
authors: Costa
authors: José C
authors: JC
authors: Leitão
authors: António M
authors: AM
authors: Monteiro
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus of Tudela, Av, de Tarazona s/n,, 31500 Tudela, Navarra, Spain. mikel.izquierdo@gmail.com.
authors: Mikel
authors: M
authors: Izquierdo
authors: António J
authors: AJ
authors: Silva
authors: Estela
authors: E
authors: Bastos
authors: Mário C
authors: MC
authors: Marques
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C118456:ACTN3 protein, human; D000185:Actinin; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A