title: Dogs infected with the blood trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi display an increase expression of cytokines and chemokines plus an intense cardiac parasitism during acute infection.
abstract: The recent increase in immigration of people from areas endemic for Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) to the United States and Europe has raised concerns about the transmission via blood transfusion and organ transplants in these countries. Infection by these pathways occurs through blood trypomastigotes (BT), and these forms of T. cruzi are completely distinct of metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT), released by triatomine vector, in relation to parasite-host interaction. Thus, research comparing infection with these different infective forms is important for explaining the potential impacts on the disease course. Here, we investigated tissue parasitism and relative mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors in the heart during acute infection by MT or BT forms in dogs. BT-infected dogs presented a higher cardiac parasitism, increased relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines and of the chemokines CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL5/RANTES, and the chemokine receptor CCR5 during the acute phase of infection, as compared to MT-infected dogs. These results suggest that infection with BT forms may lead to an increased immune response, as revealed by the cytokines ratio, but this kind of immune response was not able to control the cardiac parasitism. Infection with the MT form presented an increase in the relative mRNA expression of IL-12p40 as compared to that of IL-10 or TGF-β1. Correlation analysis showed increased relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ as well as IL-10, which may be an immunomodulatory response, as well as an increase in the correlation of CCL5/RANTES and its CCR5 receptor. Our findings revealed a difference between inoculum sources of T. cruzi, as vectorial or transfusional routes of T. cruzi infection may trigger distinct parasite-host interactions during the acute phase, which may influence immunopathological aspects of Chagas disease.
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Sheler Martins
authors: SM
authors: de Souza
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Paula Melo de Abreu
authors: PM
authors: Vieira
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Bruno Mendes
authors: BM
authors: Roatt
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Levi Eduardo Soares
authors: LE
authors: Reis
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Kátia
authors: K
authors: da Silva Fonseca
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Nívia Carolina
authors: NC
authors: Nogueira
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Alexandre Barbosa
authors: AB
authors: Reis
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Washington Luiz
authors: WL
authors: Tafuri
authors: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: carneirocm@gmail.com.
authors: Cláudia Martins
authors: CM
authors: Carneiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000469:parasitology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C496534:Ccl3 protein, mouse; C503460:Ccl5 protein, mouse; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016207:Cytokines; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: BT; Chagas disease; Chemokine receptor; Chemokines; Cytokines; GAPDH; GPI; IFN-γ; IL-10; IL-12; IL-4; MIP; MT; NI; RA; TGF-β; Trypanosoma cruzi; UFOP; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; blood trypomastigotes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; glycosylphosphatidylinositol; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-4; macrophage inflammatory protein; metacyclic trypomastigotes; not infected; right atrium; transforming growth factor β