title: Role of adenosine signalling and metabolism in β-cell regeneration.
abstract: Glucose homeostasis, which is controlled by the endocrine cells of the pancreas, is disrupted in both type I and type II diabetes. Deficiency in the number of insulin-producing β cells - a primary cause of type I diabetes and a secondary contributor of type II diabetes - leads to hyperglycemia and hence an increase in the need for insulin. Although diabetes can be controlled with insulin injections, a curative approach is needed. A potential approach to curing diabetes involves regenerating the β-cell mass, e.g. by increasing β-cell proliferation, survival, neogenesis or transdifferentiation. The nucleoside adenosine and its cognate nucleotide ATP have long been known to affect insulin secretion, but have more recently been shown to increase β-cell proliferation during homeostatic control and regeneration of the β-cell mass. Adenosine is also known to have anti-inflammatory properties, and agonism of adenosine receptors can promote the survival of β-cells in an inflammatory microenvironment. In this review, both intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of adenosine and ATP are discussed in terms of their established and putative effects on β-cell regeneration.
authors: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 3, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: olov.andersson@ki.se.
authors: Olov
authors: O
authors: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000241:Adenosine
keywords: ATP; Adenosine; Diabetes; Insulin; Proliferation; Regeneration; β Cell