title: Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of chloroplast photorelocation movement.
abstract: Plants are photosynthetic organisms that have evolved unique systems to adapt fluctuating environmental light conditions. In addition to well-known movement responses such as phototropism, stomatal opening, and nastic leaf movements, chloroplast photorelocation movement is one of the essential cellular responses to optimize photosynthetic ability and avoid photodamage. For these adaptations, chloroplasts accumulate at the areas of cells illuminated with low light (called accumulation response), while they scatter from the area illuminated with strong light (called avoidance response). Plant-specific photoreceptors (phototropin, phytochrome, and/or neochrome) mediate these dynamic directional movements in response to incident light position and intensity. Several factors involved in the mechanisms underlying the processes from light perception to actin-based movements have also been identified through molecular genetic approach. This review aims to discuss recent findings in the field relating to how chloroplasts move at molecular levels. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors: Sam-Geun
authors: SG
authors: Kong
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. Electronic address: wadascb@kyushu-u.org.
authors: Masamitsu
authors: M
authors: Wada
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000528:radiation effects; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D010834:Phytochrome
keywords: Actin filament; Blue light; Chloroplast movement; Cytoskeleton dynamics; Photoreceptor; Phototropin