title: Race/Ethnicity, educational attainment, and foregone health care in the United States in the 2007-2009 recession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed possible associations between recessions and changes in the magnitude of social disparities in foregone health care, building on previous studies that have linked recessions to lowered health care use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the 2006 to 2010 waves of the National Health Interview Study were used to examine levels of foregone medical, dental and mental health care and prescribed medications. Differences by race/ethnicity and education were compared before the Great Recession of 2007 to 2009, during the early recession, and later in the recession and in its immediate wake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foregone care rose for working-aged adults overall in the 2 recessionary periods compared with the pre-recession. For multiple types of pre-recession care, foregoing care was more common for African Americans and Hispanics and less common for Asian Americans than for Whites. Less-educated individuals were more likely to forego all types of care pre-recession. Most disparities in foregone care were stable during the recession, though the African American-White gap in foregone medical care increased, as did the Hispanic-White gap and education gap in foregone dental care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the fundamental cause hypothesis, as even during a recession in which more advantaged groups may have had unusually high risk of losing financial assets and employer-provided health insurance, they maintained their relative advantage in access to health care. Attention to the macroeconomic context of social disparities in health care use is warranted.
authors: Sarah A. Burgard is with the Departments of Sociology and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Jaclynn M. Hawkins is with the Departments of Sociology and Social Work, University of Michigan.
authors: Sarah A
authors: SA
authors: Burgard
authors: Jaclynn M
authors: JM
authors: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057172:Economic Recession / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006306:Health Surveys; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064890:Social Determinants of Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs