title: Arterial blood pressure management during carotid endarterectomy and early cognitive dysfunction.
abstract: A common practice during cross-clamp of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is to manage mean arterial pressure (MAP) above baseline to optimize the collateral cerebral blood flow and reduce the risk of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  
  To determine whether MAP management ≥20% above baseline during cross-clamp is associated with lower risk of early cognitive dysfunction, a subtler form of neurological injury than stroke.
  
  
  
  One hundred eighty-three patients undergoing CEA were enrolled in this ad hoc study. All patients had radial arterial catheters placed before the induction of general anesthesia. MAP was managed at the discretion of the anesthesiologist. All patients were evaluated with a battery of neuropsychometric tests preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively.
  
  
  
  Overall, 28.4% of CEA patients exhibited early cognitive dysfunction (eCD). Significantly fewer patients with MAP ≥20% above baseline during cross-clamp exhibited eCD than those managed <20% above (11.6% vs 38.6%, P < .001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, MAP ≥20% above baseline during the cross-clamp period was associated with significantly lower risk of eCD (odds ratio [OR], 0.18 [0.07-0.40], P < .001), whereas diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.73 [1.14-6.61], P = .03) and each additional year of education (OR, 1.19 [1.06-1.34], P = .003) were associated with significantly higher risk of eCD.
  
  
  
  The observations of this study suggest that MAP management ≥20% above baseline during cross-clamp of the carotid artery may be associated with lower risk of eCD after CEA. More prospective work is necessary to determine whether MAP ≥20% above baseline during cross-clamp can improve the safety of this commonly performed procedure.
authors: *Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; ‡Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York; §Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Heyer
authors: Joanna L
authors: JL
authors: Mergeche
authors: Zirka H
authors: ZH
authors: Anastasian
authors: Minjae
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: Kaitlin A
authors: KA
authors: Mallon
authors: E Sander
authors: ES
authors: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies