title: Involvement of transforming growth factor-β3 and betaglycan in the cytoarchitecture of postoperative omental adhesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesions commonly appear in patients after abdominal surgery, with considerable individual variation in adhesion composition and severity of the repair process. Here, we address the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 and betaglycan in this response, in relation to TGF-β1, in an adhesiogenic rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Omental adhesions were recovered 3, 7, 14, and 90 d after the implantation of a polypropylene mesh on the parietal peritoneum in New Zealand White rabbits. Omentum from nonoperated animals served as control. Tissue specimens were examined for TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 (Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and TGF-β1:TGF-β3 messenger RNA and protein expression ratios were analyzed. Immunohistochemical detection of TGF-β3 and betaglycan was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injury to the omentum led to mobilization of TGF-β3 and betaglycan-expressing cells from milky spots. Fibrous zones in adhesions were simultaneous to the presence of TGF-β1 and the membrane-bound form of betaglycan (7-d adhesions), whereas soluble betaglycan appeared in TGF-β1-positive areas showing limited fibrosis (3-d adhesions). The elevated expression of TGF-β3 concurrent with the presence of membrane-bound form of betaglycan was observed in zones of adipose regeneration (14-d adhesions), whereas zones of fibrous consistency were negative for TGF-β3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Milky spots on the omentum contain inflammatory/immune cells positive for TGF-β3, TGF-β1, and betaglycan, playing a role in the damaged omentum repair. Our observations support the contribution of TGF-β3 to tissue repair through adipose tissue regeneration and the profibrotic role of TGF-β1 and suggest that these effects on the local wound repair response could be driven by the expression of betaglycan in its soluble or membrane-bound form.
authors: Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Verónica
authors: V
authors: Gómez-Gil
authors: Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Gemma
authors: G
authors: Pascual
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Bárbara
authors: B
authors: Pérez-Köhler
authors: Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Cifuentes
authors: Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Buján
authors: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: juanm.bellon@uah.es.
authors: Juan M
authors: JM
authors: Bellón
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009852:Omentum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000009:adverse effects; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011126:Polypropylenes; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; C071736:betaglycan
keywords: Adhesiogenesis; Milky spots; Omentum; Peritoneal adhesions; Transforming growth factor β