title: Renal transplant complications: diagnostic and therapeutic role of radiology.
abstract: Kidney was the first and is the most frequently transplanted organ. Despite improved surgical techniques and transplantation technology, complications do occur and, if left untreated, may lead to catastrophic consequences. Renal transplantation complications may be vascular (eg, renal artery and vein stenosis and thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula, and pseudoaneurysms); urologic (eg, urinary obstruction and leak, and peritransplantation fluid collections, including hematoma, seroma, lymphocele, and abscess formation); and nephrogenic, including acute tubular necrosis, graft rejection, chronic allograft nephropathy, and neoplasm. Early diagnosis and treatment of these complications are paramount to prevent graft failure and other significant morbidities to the patients. Radiology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of these complications, with minimally invasive percutaneous techniques. In this article, we reviewed renal transplantation anatomy, a wide range of complications that may occur after renal transplantation surgery, typical imaging appearances of the complications on varies imaging modalities, and percutaneous interventional techniques that are used in their treatment.
authors: Department of Radiology, Sütçü İmam University Medical School, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Electronic address: drfatihinci@gmail.com.
authors: Mehmet Fatih
authors: MF
authors: Inci
authors: Department of Radiology, Sütçü İmam University Medical School, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
authors: Fuat
authors: F
authors: Ozkan
authors: Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors: Teik Choon
authors: TC
authors: See
authors: Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Servet
authors: S
authors: Tatli
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Complication; Diagnostic radiology; Interventional radiology; Kidney transplantation