title: Is there relation between COL4A1/A2 mutations and antenatally detected fetal intraventricular hemorrhage?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of COL4A1/A2 mutations in the etiology of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) detected in-utero.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of four cases with fetal IVH were analyzed retrospectively. Antenatal risk factors, clinical features, postnatal outcome, and the presence of COL4A1/A2 mutations were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight cases of fetal IVH were diagnosed between 2005 and 2012 in Erciyes University. Of these, four were eligible for genetic analysis. Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30 weeks 5 day (min-max: 28-34 weeks); two cases had grade III hemorrhage and two cases had grade IV hemorrhage according to fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Three cases had severe neurodevelopmental delay and one case had mild deficit. In all cases, postnatal evaluation revealed no underlying cause, and no retinal hemorrhagia and hematuria were detected. The mean postnatal follow-up was 19 months, and no recurrent hemorrhages and porencephalic cyst formation were observed. The whole exome sequencing showed no pathological mutations of COL4A1 and COL4A2 in the four patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that fetal intraventricular hemorrhage is not associated with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations in the absence of porencephaly, recurrent hemorrhage, and other organ bleeding.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey, mskutuk@erciyes.edu.tr.
authors: Mehmet Serdar
authors: MS
authors: Kutuk
authors: Burhan
authors: B
authors: Balta
authors: Hirofumi
authors: H
authors: Kodera
authors: Naomichi
authors: N
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Hirotomo
authors: H
authors: Saitsu
authors: Selim
authors: S
authors: Doganay
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Canpolat
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Dolanbay
authors: Ekrem
authors: E
authors: Unal
authors: Munis
authors: M
authors: Dundar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis
chemical_list: C547475:COL4A1 protein, human; C502625:COL4A2 protein, human; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D004247:DNA