title: How distressing is it to participate in medical research? A calibration study using an everyday events questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate how distressing participating in medical research is perceived to be, compared to everyday events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scotland and New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred members of the Scottish general public, 94 University of Auckland students, 22 New Zealand Ministry of Health ethics committee members.
  
  
  METHODS
  Distress ratings made on a 0-10 scale for everyday events and common medical research procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both general population and student samples generally rated the distress caused by participating in various medical research procedures as low or very low. Most research procedures were rated less than the distress caused by not being able to find a car park at a supermarket. In contrast, the ethics committee members rated the distress caused by most of the medical research procedures at a significantly higher level than the ratings of the student and general population samples. Ethics committee members overestimated the distress caused by interview or questionnaire assessments (M = 203.31%, SE = 11.42, 95% CI [179.79, 226.83]) more than medical testing for research (M = 158.06%, SE = 12.33, 95% CI [132.66, 183.46], p = 0.04) and everyday events (M = 133.10%, SE = 7.80, 95% CI [117.03, 149.16], p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common medical research procedures are not rated as particularly distressing by the general public, and ethics committees may be adopting an over-protective role when evaluating research applications that involve the use of questionnaire or survey methodology.
authors: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors: Keith J
authors: KJ
authors: Petrie
authors: Kate
authors: K
authors: Faasse
authors: Tracey Anne
authors: TA
authors: Notman
authors: Ronan
authors: R
authors: O'Carroll