title: Accentuation of ursolic acid on muscarinic receptor-induced ANP secretion in beating rabbit atria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ursolic acid has recently been reported to increase both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion and mechanical dynamics in rabbit atria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was designed to clarify the regulatory effects of ursolic acid on the β-adrenergic or muscarinic receptor-mediated changes in ANP secretory and contractile function allowing measurement of atrial dynamics such as pulse pressure, stroke volume, and cAMP efflux in isolated perfused beating rabbit atria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with ursolic acid significantly attenuated the isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist)-induced decrease in ANP secretion and increases in cAMP levels and atrial dynamics. Interestingly, ursolic acid concentration-dependently accentuated the acetylcholine-induced increase in ANP secretion and decrease in pulse pressure in the presence of isoproterenol (p<0.001). These findings indicate that acetylcholine-induced increase in ANP secretion is potentiated by ursolic acid; furthermore, acetylcholine-induced decrease in atrial dynamics is also potentiated by ursolic acid, suggesting that ursolic acid regulates muscarinic receptor-mediated secretory and contractile responses in perfused beating rabbit atria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This implicates for the beneficial effects of ursolic acid in the regulation of cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis.
authors: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye Yoom
authors: HY
authors: Kim
authors: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hye Ran
authors: HR
authors: Choi
authors: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yun Jung
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Chinese Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors: Hao Zhen
authors: HZ
authors: Cui
authors: Institute of Materia Medica, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.
authors: Song Nan
authors: SN
authors: Jin
authors: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyung Woo
authors: KW
authors: Cho
authors: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dgkang@wku.ac.kr.
authors: Dae Gill
authors: DG
authors: Kang
authors: Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: host@wku.ac.kr.
authors: Ho Sub
authors: HS
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016275:Atrial Function / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D007545:Isoproterenol; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide; Atrium; Muscarinic receptor; Ursolic acid