title: Matching performance of vehicle icons in graphical and textual formats.
abstract: The current research classified 82 vehicle icons into seven categories (image-related, concept-related, semi-abstract, arbitrary, abbreviation, word, and combined) for their matching accuracy, matching sequence, and matching time. These data can be compared and used as a framework for future icon development. Forty participants, all with a university degree, took part in this experiment. Half of the participants had intensive driving experience, while the other half never driven a car. The results indicated that on average, word icons had a significantly greater matching accuracy than the other icon formats; ranging from 4.7 to 20.8% difference. Regarding the matching sequence, participants matched image-related icons before other icon formats. Arbitrary and combined icons took significantly longer to match than other icon formats by 1.4-6.2 s. Based on the high matching accuracy (86.3%) and high ratings on subjective design features, word format can be used for functions describable using simple English for users with English reading ability. Confusion matrices showed that 63.2% of the misunderstandings were caused by similarity in format or function.
authors: Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Electronic address: Chris@mail.ntust.edu.tw.
authors: Chia-Fen
authors: CF
authors: Chi
authors: Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors: Ratna Sari
authors: RS
authors: Dewi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032882:Comprehension; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000592:standards; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Confusion matrix; Icon taxonomy; Image-related