title: The interleukin-1 family: back to the future.
abstract: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a central mediator of innate immunity and inflammation. The IL-1 family includes seven ligands with agonist activity (IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ), three receptor antagonists (IL-1Ra, IL-36Ra, IL-38), and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-37). Members of the IL-1 Receptor (IL-1R) family include six receptor chains forming four signaling receptor complexes, two decoy receptors (IL-1R2, IL-18BP), and two negative regulators (TIR8 or SIGIRR, IL-1RAcPb). A tight regulation via receptor antagonists, decoy receptors, and signaling inhibitors ensures a balance between amplification of innate immunity and uncontrolled inflammation. All cells of the innate immune system express and/or are affected by IL-1 family members. Moreover, IL-1 family members play a key role in the differentiation and function of polarized innate and adaptive lymphoid cells. Here we will review the key properties of IL-1 family members, with emphasis on pathways of negative regulation and orchestration of innate and adaptive immunity.
authors: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Garlanda
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HC, The Netherlands.
authors: Charles A
authors: CA
authors: Dinarello
authors: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; BIOMETRA Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: alberto.mantovani@humanitasresearch.it.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology; D008024:Ligands; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007378:Interleukins; D008024:Ligands; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1