title: The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in modulating the immune response and fibrogenesis in the gut.
abstract: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, a pleiotropic cytokine released by both immune and non-immune cells in the gut, exerts an important tolerogenic action by promoting regulatory T cell differentiation. TGF-β also enhances enterocyte migration and regulates extracellular matrix turnover, thereby playing a crucial role in tissue remodeling in the gut. In this review we describe the mechanisms by which abnormal TGF-β signaling impairs intestinal immune tolerance and tissue repair, thus predisposing to the onset of immune-mediated bowel disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Additionally, we will discuss potential therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring physiologic TGF-β signaling in chronic intestinal diseases.
authors: First Department of Medicine, S. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Biancheri
authors: First Department of Medicine, S. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Giuffrida
authors: Laboratorio de Inmunología y Fisiopatología, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors: Guillermo H
authors: GH
authors: Docena
authors: Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors: Thomas T
authors: TT
authors: MacDonald
authors: First Department of Medicine, S. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Gino Roberto
authors: GR
authors: Corazza
authors: First Department of Medicine, S. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: a.disabatino@smatteo.pv.it.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Di Sabatino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Celiac disease; Crohn's disease; Myofibroblast; Regulatory T cell; Smad