title: New finding of an anti-TB compound in the genus Marsypopetalum (Annonaceae) from a traditional herbal remedy of Laos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is widespread use of traditional herbal remedies in the Lao PDR (Laos). It is common practice to treat many diseases with local plants. This research project documented and analysed some of these traditional remedies used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis (TB).
  
  
  METHODS
  This research was executed by interviewing healers about plants used traditionally to treat the symptoms of TB. Samples of some of the plants were collected, and extracts of 77 species were submitted to various in vitro assays in order to determine the amount of growth inhibition of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb), as opposed to other microbes and mammalian Vero cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interviews took place with 58 contemporary healers in 5 different provinces about plants currently used, giving a list of 341 plants. Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed on Marsypopetalum modestum (Pierre) B. Xue and R.M.K. Saunders (Annonaceae), leading to the isolation of dipyrithione, an anti-mycobacterial compound isolated for the first time from the genus Marsypopetalum through this research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research has helped to increase awareness of Laos' rich diversity of medicinal plants and will hopefully provide incentive to preserve the undeveloped forested areas that remain, which still hold a wealth of medical information for future discoveries.
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: belkin3@uic.edu.
authors: Bethany G
authors: BG
authors: Elkington
authors: Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Laos. Electronic address: kmnkong@gmail.com.
authors: Kongmany
authors: K
authors: Sydara
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: anewso2@uic.edu.
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Newsome
authors: Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: chwang5@uic.edu.
authors: Chang Hwa
authors: CH
authors: Hwang
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: lankindc@uic.edu.
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Lankin
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: simmler@uic.edu.
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Simmler
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: jgnapo@uic.edu.
authors: José G
authors: JG
authors: Napolitano
authors: Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: rree@fieldmuseum.org.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Ree
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: ucayali@uic.edu.
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Graham
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: gyllenha@uic.edu.
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Gyllenhaal
authors: National Herbarium of Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Laos. Electronic address: bsomsanith@gmail.com.
authors: Somsanith
authors: S
authors: Bouamanivong
authors: Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Laos. Electronic address: onevilay@gmail.com.
authors: Onevilay
authors: O
authors: Souliya
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: gfp@uic.edu.
authors: Guido F
authors: GF
authors: Pauli
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: sgf@uic.edu.
authors: Scott G
authors: SG
authors: Franzblau
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: dds@uic.edu.
authors: Djaja Djendoel
authors: DD
authors: Soejarto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029061:Annonaceae; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007812:Laos; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antimycobacteria; Cytotoxicity; Dipyrithione (PubChem CID: 3109); Marsypopetalum; Medical ethnobotany; Traditional medicine Asia and Oceania