title: Between desire and rape - narratives about being intimate partners and becoming pregnant in a violent relationship.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience different forms of abuse. Sexual violence is often under-reported because physically abused women, in particular, might see forced sex as an obligatory part of the sexual interplay. Accordingly, abused women have less sexual autonomy and experience unplanned pregnancies more often than other women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe and analyse nine Swedish women's retrospective stories about IPV with a focus on power and coping strategies as intimate partners, particularly regarding experiences of sex, contraception, and becoming pregnant. Design : Nine qualitative interviews were carried out with women who had been subjected to very severe violence in their intimate relationships and during at least one pregnancy. The stories were analysed using 'Narrative method' with the emphasis on the women's lived experiences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the violence and many contradictory and ambivalent feelings, two of the women described having sex as desirable, reciprocal and as a respite from the rest of the relationship. The other seven women gave a negative and totally different picture, and they viewed sex either as obligatory or as a necessity to prevent or soothe aggression or referred to it as rape and as something that was physically forced upon them. The women's descriptions of their pregnancies ranged from being carefully planned and mostly wanted to completely unwelcome and including flawed contraceptive efforts with subsequent abortions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women subjected to IPV have diverse and complex experiences that have effects on all parts of the relationship. Intimacy might for some turn into force and rape, but for others sex does not necessarily exclude pleasure and desire and can be a haven of rest from an otherwise violent relationship. Accordingly, women may tell stories that differ from the ones expected as 'the typical abuse story', and this complexity needs to be recognized and dealt with when women seek healthcare, especially concerning contraceptives, abortions, and pregnancies.
authors: Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre of Gender Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; kerstin.edin@nurs.umu.se.
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Edin
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D018585:Battered Women / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D049168:Pregnancy, Unplanned / Q000523:psychology*; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D019529:Sexuality; D012928:Social Desirability; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Sweden; gender identity; narratives; pregnancy intention; sexuality; spouse abuse