title: Concomitant functional gastrointestinal symptoms influence psychological status in Korean migraine patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Migraine is frequently accompanied by symptoms consistent with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This study evaluated the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal symptoms and assessed the symptoms' relationship with the concomitant functional symptoms of anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 109 patients with migraine who were recruited from a headache clinic at a teaching hospital. The participants completed a self-administered survey that collected information on headache characteristics, functional gastrointestinal symptoms (using Rome III criteria to classify FGID), anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 71% of patients met the Rome III criteria for at least one FGID. In patients with FGID, irritable bowel syndrome was the most common symptom (40.4%), followed by nausea and vomiting syndrome (24.8%) and functional dyspepsia (23.9%). Depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher in patients meeting the criteria for any FGID. The number of the symptoms consistent with FGID in individual patients correlated positively with depression and anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FGID symptoms defined by the Rome III criteria are highly prevalent in migraine. These symptoms correlate with psychological comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety.
authors: Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea.
authors: Jeong Wook
authors: JW
authors: Park
authors: Young-Seok
authors: YS
authors: Cho
authors: Soo Yeon
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Eun-Sun
authors: ES
authors: Kim
authors: Hyunjung
authors: H
authors: Cho
authors: Hae Eun
authors: HE
authors: Shin
authors: Gyoung Im
authors: GI
authors: Suh
authors: Myung-Gyu
authors: MG
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009325:Nausea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gastrointestinal diseases; Headache-related disability; Migraine disorders; Prevalence; Psychological comorbidity