title: Salivary signals of European corn borer induce indirect defenses in tomato.
abstract: Plants can recognize the insect elicitors and activate its defense mechanisms. European Corn Borer (ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis) saliva, produced from the labial salivary glands and released through the spinneret, is responsible for inducing direct defenses in host plants. Glucose oxidase (GOX) present in the ECB saliva induced direct defenses in tomato. By contrast, GOX activity in ECB saliva was insufficient to trigger defenses in maize, suggesting that host-specific salivary elicitors are responsible for inducing direct defenses in host plants. Our current study further examined whether ECB saliva can trigger indirect defenses in tomato. Relative expression levels of TERPENE SYNTHASE5 (TPS5) and HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE (HPL), marker for indirect defenses in host plants, were monitored. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ECB saliva can induce the expression of TPS5 and HPL, suggesting that salivary signals can induce indirect defenses in addition to the direct defenses. Further experiments are required to identify different ECB elicitors that are responsible for inducing direct and indirect defenses in host plants.
authors: Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA USA.
authors: Joe
authors: J
authors: Louis
authors: Department of Plant Science and Center for Chemical Ecology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA USA.
authors: Dawn S
authors: DS
authors: Luthe
authors: Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA USA.
authors: Gary W
authors: GW
authors: Felton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: European Corn Borer; HPL; TPS5; Tomato; indirect defenses; saliva