title: Co2/Erbium:YAG/Dye laser combination: an effective and successful treatment for angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberous sclerosis, an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome seen in approximately 1 in 6,000 people worldwide, is characterized by the appearance of hamartomas in multiple organs. The classic clinical triad consists of angiofibromas, epilepsy, and developmental delay. Dermatologic disorder is one of the main characteristics. Angiofibromas, a common form of presentation, causes significant cosmetic and medical problems. The current treatment for skin lesions is laser therapy. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been used satisfactorily in treating these lesions, but several studies have demonstrated a high percentage of recurrences. Erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser treatment has been used to resurface skin abnormalities in patients with dermatologic conditions. The dye laser as an alternative uses the principles of selective photothermolysis and is very effective in treating the vascular component of tuberous sclerosis. The use of all these lasers to treat skin lesions in patients affected by tuberous sclerosis has never been described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study, conducted from 2007 to May 2013, investigated 13 patients who had tuberous sclerosis treated with an erbium:YAG/CO2/dye laser combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients showed great improvement of their skin lesions. The results were evident immediately after the first treatment. No patient experienced complications or recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined use of the erbium:YAG/Dye/CO2 laser is a safe and effective treatment for skin lesions in patients affected by tuberous sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Fioramonti
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy. desantoliliana@gmail.com.|Sapienza University of Rome, Via Tiburtina 443, 00159, Rome, Italy. desantoliliana@gmail.com.
authors: Liliana
authors: L
authors: De Santo
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Ruggieri
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Carella
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors: Lo Torto
authors: LT
authors: Federico
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors: Maria Giuseppina
authors: MG
authors: Onesti
authors: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
authors: Nicolò
authors: N
authors: Scuderi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000601:surgery*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054025:Lasers, Dye / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide