title: Combined usage of intercostal nerve block and tumescent anaesthesia: an effective anaesthesia technique for breast augmentation.
abstract: Patients are occasionally unhappy with the size, shape, and positioning of breast implants. An option to improve their satisfaction with breast augmentation includes directly involving them in the process with awake surgery done under nerve block and tumescence. This study describes the resultsof using such an awake anaesthesia technique in 35 patients. After the intercostal nerves dominating the Th3 to Th6 regions were anaesthetized using 0.5% bupivacaine, a tumescent solution consisting of lidocaine, epinephrine, and saline was injected around the mammary gland, and breast augmentation was conducted using silicon implants. The majority of patients (31/35) reported no pain during the procedure and all patients were able to choose and confirm their final implant size and positioning. In all cases, blood loss was less than 10 ml. No patient experienced pneumothorax or toxicity of local anaesthetics. Combined usage of the intercostal nerve block and tumescent anaesthesia effectively reduces pain during breast augmentation. Keeping patient conscious enables meeting their requests during operation, contributing to increased satisfaction. For these advantages, combined usage of the intercostal nerve block and tumescent anaesthesia is recommended as a useful anaesthetic technique for breast augmentation.
authors: Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Department of Keio University , Tokyo , Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Shimizu
authors: Tomohisa
authors: T
authors: Nagasao
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Taneda
authors: Yoshiaki
authors: Y
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Asou
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Imanishi
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Kishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007367:Intercostal Nerves; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016462:Mammaplasty; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine