title: The effects of various control and water treatment processes on the membrane integrity and toxin fate of cyanobacteria.
abstract: Cyanobacterial blooms are one of the main contaminants that can degrade drinking water quality with the associated taste, odour and toxic compounds. Although a wide range of techniques have shown promise for cyanobacterial bloom control and cyanobacterial cell/metabolite removal in reservoirs and water treatment plants (WTPs), these treatments may have negative consequences through release of intracellular metabolites into the surrounding water. This study assessed the impact of copper sulphate (CuSO4), chlorine, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone on Microcystis aeruginosa culture and the toxins it produced. All of these agents induced the loss of cyanobacterial membrane integrity. However, no associated increase in dissolved toxins was detected during chlorine and H2O2 treatments which may be due to faster toxin oxidation rates than release rates. KMnO4 doses of 1 and 3mgL(-1) degraded dissolved toxins while having no impact on cyanobacterial membrane integrity. In contrast, ozone induced a significant increase in extracellular toxins but it was unable to degrade these toxins to the same degree as the other oxidants which may due to the lack of residual. All chemicals, except CuSO4, were able to reduce cyanotoxins and chlorine was the most effective with a rate up to 2161M(-1)s(-1).
authors: Water Research Centre, The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Electronic address: jiajia.fan@adelaide.edu.au.
authors: Jiajia
authors: J
authors: Fan
authors: Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water Corporation, GPO Box 1751, SA 5001, Australia.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Hobson
authors: Water Research Centre, The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water Corporation, GPO Box 1751, SA 5001, Australia.
authors: Lionel
authors: L
authors: Ho
authors: Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water Corporation, GPO Box 1751, SA 5001, Australia.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Daly
authors: Water Research Centre, The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Electronic address: justin.brookes@adelaide.edu.au.
authors: Justin
authors: J
authors: Brookes
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis*; D046931:Microcystis; D008954:Models, Biological; D010126:Ozone; D011196:Potassium Permanganate; D018508:Water Purification; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D052998:Microcystins; D011196:Potassium Permanganate; D002713:Chlorine; D010126:Ozone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019327:Copper Sulfate
keywords: Cell integrity; Cyanobacteria; Toxin degradation; Toxin release