title: Histology of Müller's muscle observed in quiescent Graves' orbitopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Histologic examination of Müller's muscle (MM) in patients with clinically significant upper eyelid retraction secondary to Graves' orbitopathy (GO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, single-blinded, comparative experimental study at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from a single San Francisco Bay Area practice (RZS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with upper eyelid retraction secondary to GO who underwent surgical correction by transcutaneous mullerectomy were recruited between January and December 2011. An equal number of control MM specimens were gathered in consecutive patients undergoing conjunctivo-MM resection for ptosis correction. A total of 10 specimens in each group was available for analysis. The proportion of fat and fibrosis, as well as inflammatory markers, was studied and graded in both the study and the control group by a masked pathologist. These data were compared between groups using the Student t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference between the 2 groups of MM specimens was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with quiescent GO with clinically significant eyelid retraction exhibit normal MM histology.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif. Electronic address: alowinger55@gmail.com.
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Lowinger
authors: Harmeet S
authors: HS
authors: Gill
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Phan
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Garcia-Kennedy
authors: Rona Z
authors: RZ
authors: Silkiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers