title: Serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 2010-2012.
abstract: The introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) in Canada was very effective in reducing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children; however, increases of non-PCV7 serotypes have subsequently offset some of these reductions. A 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) targeting additional serotypes was implemented between 2010 and 2011, and in 2012 changes in the incidence of disease and the distribution of IPD serotypes began to emerge. The incidence of IPD in children <5 years of age declined from 18.0 to 14.2 cases per 100 000 population between 2010 and 2012; however, the incidence in ages ≥5 years remained relatively unchanged over the 3-year period, at about 9.7 cases per 100 000 population. From 2010 to 2012, PCV13 serotypes declined significantly from 66% (224/339) to 41% (101/244, p < 0.001) in children <5 years of age, and from 54% (1262/2360) to 43% (1006/2353, p < 0.001) in children ≥5 years of age. Serotypes 19A, 7F, 3, and 22F were the most common serotypes in 2012, with 19A decreasing from 19% (521/2727) to 14% (364/2620, p < 0.001), 7F decreasing from 14% (389/2727) to 12% (323/2620, p = 0.04), and 22F increasing from 7% (185/2727) to 11% (279/2620, p < 0.001) since 2010. Serotype 3 increased from 7% (23/339) to 10% (24/244) in <5-year-olds (p = 0.22) over the 3-year period. The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance were observed with clarithromycin (23%), penicillin using meningitis breakpoints (12%), clindamycin (8%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (6%). Shifts in the distribution of IPD serotypes and reductions in the incidence of disease suggest that current immunization programs in Canada are effective in reducing the burden of IPD in children. While we acknowledge the limited data on the effectiveness of the PCV13 vaccine, to our knowledge, this study represents one of the first descriptions of the potential impact of the PCV13 vaccine in the Canadian population. Continued surveillance will be important to recognize replacement serotypes, to determine the extent of herd immunity effects in nonpaediatric populations, and to assess the overall effectiveness of PCV13 in reducing IPD in Canada.
authors: a National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
authors: Walter H B
authors: WH
authors: Demczuk
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Martin
authors: Averil
authors: A
authors: Griffith
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Lefebvre
authors: Allison
authors: A
authors: McGeer
authors: Marguerite
authors: M
authors: Lovgren
authors: Gregory J
authors: GJ
authors: Tyrrell
authors: Shalini
authors: S
authors: Desai
authors: Lindsey
authors: L
authors: Sherrard
authors: Heather
authors: H
authors: Adam
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Gilmour
authors: George G
authors: GG
authors: Zhanel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines