title: Solid tumor second primary neoplasms: who is at risk, what can we do?
abstract: Eighteen percent of incident malignancies in the United States are a second (or subsequent) cancer. Second primary neoplasms (SPNs), particularly solid tumors, are a major cause of mortality and serious morbidity among cancer survivors successfully cured of their first cancer. Multiple etiologies may lead to a cancer survivor subsequently being diagnosed with an SPN, including radiotherapy for the first cancer, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, genetic factors, aging, or an interaction between any of these factors. In this article, we discuss these factors and synthesize this information for use in clinical practice, including preventive strategies and screening recommendations for SPNs.
authors: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: oeffingk@mskcc.org.
authors: Kevin C
authors: KC
authors: Oeffinger
authors: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors: Shrujal S
authors: SS
authors: Baxi
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Novetsky Friedman
authors: Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors: Chaya S
authors: CS
authors: Moskowitz
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009386:Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating