title: The assessment methods of laryngeal muscle activity in muscle tension dysphonia: a review.
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review the methods used for the assessment of muscular tension dysphonia (MTD). The MTD is a functional voice disorder associated with abnormal laryngeal muscle activity. Various assessment methods are available in the literature to evaluate the laryngeal hyperfunction. The case history, laryngoscopy, and palpation are clinical methods for the assessment of patients with MTD. Radiography and surface electromyography (EMG) are objective methods to provide physiological information about MTD. Recent studies show that surface EMG can be an effective tool for assessing muscular tension in MTD.
authors: Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Avenue, Pitch-e-shemiran, Tehran 11489, Iran.
authors: Seyyedeh Maryam
authors: SM
authors: Khoddami
authors: Noureddin
authors: N
authors: Nakhostin Ansari
authors: Farzad
authors: F
authors: Izadi
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Talebian Moghadam
mesh_terms: D055154:Dysphonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology; D010173:Palpation; D011859:Radiography