title: Blue-violet light-emitting diode irradiation in combination with hemostatic gelatin sponge (Spongel) application ameliorates immediate socket bleeding in patients taking warfarin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The control of bleeding after tooth extraction is a major concern in patients taking warfarin. Light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation with hemostatic gelatin sponge application was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who took warfarin and required tooth extraction were divided randomly into 3 groups. The first group was irradiated with blue-violet LED after tooth extraction. The second group was treated with a hemostatic gelatin sponge and LED irradiation. The third group was treated with only hemostatic gelatin sponges. Hemostasis was evaluated at 30 seconds after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less than 30% of the patients achieved hemostasis within 30 seconds in the hemostatic sponge group; approximately 50% of the patients in the simple LED irradiation group achieved hemostasis within 30 seconds; and 86.7% of the patients in the LED and hemostatic sponge combined group achieved hemostasis within 30 seconds, indicating that combined treatment with LED and hemostatic sponges provided a significantly higher hemostasis than in the hemostatic sponge group (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blue-violet LED irradiation combined with hemostatic gelatin sponge treatment yielded hemostasis of the extraction socket within 30 seconds without suture in most cases.
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Okamoto
authors: Consultant, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ishikawa.isao@twmu.ac.jp.
authors: Isao
authors: I
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kumasaka
authors: Research Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Seigo
authors: S
authors: Morita
authors: Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Sayaka
authors: S
authors: Katagiri
authors: Director, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Teruo
authors: T
authors: Okano
authors: Professor and Chairman, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Ando
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006472:Oral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015503:Surgical Sponges; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D014859:Warfarin; D005780:Gelatin