title: Vascular dysfunction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of redox balance.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by low pulmonary function, inflammation, free radical production, vascular dysfunction, and subsequently a greater incidence of cardiovascular disease. By administering an acute oral antioxidant cocktail to patients with COPD (n=30) and controls (n=30), we sought to determine the role of redox balance in the vascular dysfunction of these patients. Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, patients with COPD and controls were ingested placebo or the antioxidant cocktail (vitamin C, vitamin E, α-lipoic acid) after which brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity were assessed using ultrasound Doppler. The patients exhibited lower baseline antioxidant levels (vitamin C and superoxide dismutase activity) and higher levels of oxidative stress (thiobarbituic acid reactive species) in comparison with controls. The patients also displayed lower basal flow-mediated dilation (P<0.05), which was significantly improved with antioxidant cocktail (3.1±0.5 versus 4.7±0.6%; P<0.05; placebo versus antioxidant cocktail), but not controls (6.7±0.6 versus 6.9±0.7%; P>0.05; placebo versus antioxidant cocktail). The antioxidant cocktail also improved pulse wave velocity in patients with COPD (14±1 versus 11±1 m·s(-1); P<0.05; placebo versus antioxidant cocktail) while not affecting controls (11±2 versus 10±1 m·s(-1); P>0.05; placebo versus antioxidant). Patients with COPD exhibit vascular dysfunction, likely mediated by an altered redox balance, which can be acutely mitigated by an oral antioxidant. Therefore, free radically mediated vascular dysfunction may be an important mechanism contributing to this population's greater risk and incidence of cardiovascular disease.
authors: VA Medical Center Bldg 2, Rm 1D25, 500 Foothill Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84148. r.richardson@hsc.utah.edu.
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Ives
authors: Ryan A
authors: RA
authors: Harris
authors: Melissa A H
authors: MA
authors: Witman
authors: Anette S
authors: AS
authors: Fjeldstad
authors: Ryan S
authors: RS
authors: Garten
authors: John
authors: J
authors: McDaniel
authors: D Walter
authors: DW
authors: Wray
authors: Russell S
authors: RS
authors: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants
keywords: free radicals; oxidative stress; pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; vascular stiffness