title: Detection of drug resistance-associated mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase derived from drug-naive individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia.
abstract: Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes serious health problems in Indonesia, information in regard to drug resistance is limited. We performed a genotypic study on HIV-1 integrase derived from drug-naive individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia. Sequencing analysis revealed that no primary mutations associated with drug resistance to integrase inhibitors were detected; however, secondary mutations, V72I, L74I/M, V165I, V201I, I203M, and S230N, were detected in more than 5% of samples. In addition, V201I was conserved among all samples. Most integrase genes were classified into CRF01_AE genes. Interestingly, 40% of the CRF01_AE genes had an unusual insertion in the C-terminus of integrase. These mutations and insertions were considered natural polymorphisms since these mutations coincided with previous reports, and integrase inhibitors have not been used in Indonesia. Our results indicated that further studies may be required to assess the impact of these mutations on integrase inhibitors prior to their introduction into Indonesia.
authors: 1 Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University , Surabaya, Indonesia .
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Kotaki
authors: Siti Qamariyah
authors: SQ
authors: Khairunisa
authors: Septhia Dwi
authors: SD
authors: Sukartiningrum
authors: Adiana Mutamsari
authors: AM
authors: Witaningrum
authors: Musofa
authors: M
authors: Rusli
authors: M Noor
authors: MN
authors: Diansyah
authors: M Vitanata
authors: MV
authors: Arfijanto
authors: Retno Pudji
authors: RP
authors: Rahayu
authors: Nasronudin
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Kameoka
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D019427:HIV Integrase