title: "Piensa" twice: on the foreign language effect in decision making.
abstract: In this article, we assess to what extent decision making is affected by the language in which a given problem is presented (native vs. foreign). In particular, we aim to ask whether the impact of various heuristic biases in decision making is diminished when the problems are presented in a foreign language. To this end, we report four main studies in which more than 700 participants were tested on different types of individual decision making problems. In the first study, we replicated Keysar et al.'s (2012) recent observation regarding the foreign language effect on framing effects related to loss aversion. In the second section, we assessed whether the foreign language effect is present in other types of framing problems that involve psychological accounting biases rather than gain/loss dichotomies. In the third section, we studied the foreign language effect in several key aspects of the theory of decision making under risk and uncertainty. In the fourth study, we assessed the presence of a foreign language effect in the cognitive reflection test, a test that includes logical problems that do not carry emotional connotations. The absence of such an effect in this test suggests that foreign language leads to a reduction of heuristic biases in decision making across a range of decision making situations and provide also some evidence about the boundaries of the phenomenon. We explore several potential factors that may underlie the foreign language effect in decision making.
authors: Center of Brain and Cognition, CBC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, carrer Roc Boronat, 138, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: costalbert@gmail.com.
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Costa
authors: Center of Brain and Cognition, CBC, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, carrer Roc Boronat, 138, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Alice
authors: A
authors: Foucart
authors: Psychology Department, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91905, Israel.
authors: Inbal
authors: I
authors: Arnon
authors: Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Melina
authors: M
authors: Aparici
authors: Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Economics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-2708005 Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Apesteguia
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive fluency; Emotional resonance; Foreign language effect