title: Interaction between TGF-β1 (869C/T) polymorphism and biochemical risk factor for prediction of disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) may be a promising candidate gene for susceptibility and severity in RA. We aimed to determine whether TGF-β1 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA and progression of joint destruction, as well as to identify the interaction between TGF-β1 polymorphism and biochemical risk factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 RA patients and 168 healthy unrelated controls were tested for the TGF-β1 (869C/T) polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TGF-β1 T allele was associated with susceptibility to RA. Within the RA group, TGF-β1 T allele carriers had a significant increased risk to develop osteoporosis (OR=4.4, 95% CI=-2. 4-8.1, P<0.001), as well as more likely to develop bone erosion (OR=1.7, 95% CI=0. 99-2.7, P=0. 034). Better prediction was achieved when the TGF-β1 TT genotype was used in combination with either elevated, rheumatoid factor (RF) or C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR=6.8, 3.7 respectively). Also, they increased the risk to develop bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OR=3.3, 9.8, P=0.017, 0.001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that TGF-β1 TT genotype may determine the development of osteoporosis and bone erosion in RA. Also, our results points to a synergism between TGF-β1 TT genotype and elevated serum RF or elevated CRP that lead to the development of osteoporosis and bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
authors: Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Yousri M
authors: YM
authors: Hussein
authors: Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Electronic address: randahussiny@yahoo.com.
authors: Randa H
authors: RH
authors: Mohamed
authors: Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors: Eman E
authors: EE
authors: El-Shahawy
authors: Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Eltaief University, KAS, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Saad S
authors: SS
authors: Alzahrani
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: BMD; Bone erosion; C-reactive protein; CRP; DEXA study; DMARDs; ESR; Genotype; HAQ; Health Assessment Questionnaire; Osteoporosis; PCR-RFLP; RA; RF; Rheumatoid arthritis; SNP; TGF-β1; bone mineral density; disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism; rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatoid factor; single nucleotide polymorphism; transforming growth factor-β1