title: Dysfunctional Cognitions among Offspring of Individuals with Bipolar Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with bipolar disorder often endorse dysfunctional beliefs consistent with cognitive models of bipolar disorder (Beck, 1976; Mansell, 2007).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study sought to assess whether young adult offspring of those with bipolar disorder would also endorse these beliefs, independent of their own mood episode history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 89) were young adult college students with a parent with bipolar disorder (n = 27), major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 30), or no mood disorder (n = 32). Semi-structured interviews of the offspring were used to assess diagnoses. Dysfunctional beliefs related to Beck and colleagues' (2006) and Mansell's (2007) cognitive models were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unlike offspring of parents with MDD or no mood disorder, those with a parent with bipolar disorder endorsed significantly more dysfunctional cognitions associated with extreme appraisal of mood states, even after controlling for their own mood diagnosis. Once affected by a bipolar or depressive disorder, offspring endorsed dysfunctional cognitions across measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysfunctional cognitions, particularly those related to appraisals of mood states and their potential consequences, are evident in young adults with a parent who has bipolar disorder and may represent targets for psychotherapeutic intervention.
authors: University of North Texas,Denton,USA.
authors: Camilo J
authors: CJ
authors: Ruggero
authors: University of North Texas,Denton,USA.
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Bain
authors: University of North Texas,Denton,USA.
authors: Patrick M
authors: PM
authors: Smith
authors: University of North Texas,Denton,USA.
authors: Jared N
authors: JN
authors: Kilmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003469:Culture; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bipolar disorder; cognition; cognitive appraisal; depression; mania; offspring