title: Aqueous cytokines as predictors of macular edema in non-diabetic patients following uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain whether cytokines in the aqueous humor can predict macular edema (ME) in non-diabetic patients following uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Undiluted aqueous humor samples were obtained from 288 consecutive non-diabetic patients (288 eyes; 132 men and 156 women) who underwent cataract surgery. Macular edema was defined as an increase in the foveal center point thickness (FCPT) more than 30% from the preoperative baseline using optical coherence tomography 4 weeks after cataract surgery. The concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured in aqueous humor samples using the multiplex bead immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major intraoperative complications occurred. The incidence of ME was 8.13% (23 patients) 4 weeks after cataract surgery. Compared to the ME (-) patients, the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β; p=0.016), IL-6 (p=0.013), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1; p=0.030), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; p=0.033) in the ME (+) patients were significantly higher. In addition, the aqueous humor levels of IL-1β (r=0.376), IL-6 (r=0.418), MCP-1 (r=0.348), and VEGF (r=0.375) positively correlated with the postoperative FCPT. However, the aqueous humor levels of IL-10 (p=0.017) were significantly lower in patients with ME and were negatively correlated with the postoperative FCPT (r=-0.424).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, VEGF, and IL-10 may be potential predictors of postoperative macular thickness in non-diabetic patients following uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Liqun
authors: L
authors: Chu
authors: Bingsong
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Xu
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002386:Cataract / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011379:Prognosis; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines