title: Cell based therapies for ischemic stroke: from basic science to bedside.
abstract: Cell therapy is emerging as a viable therapy to restore neurological function after stroke. Many types of stem/progenitor cells from different sources have been explored for their feasibility and efficacy for the treatment of stroke. Transplanted cells not only have the potential to replace the lost circuitry, but also produce growth and trophic factors, or stimulate the release of such factors from host brain cells, thereby enhancing endogenous brain repair processes. Although stem/progenitor cells have shown a promising role in ischemic stroke in experimental studies as well as initial clinical pilot studies, cellular therapy is still at an early stage in humans. Many critical issues need to be addressed including the therapeutic time window, cell type selection, delivery route, and in vivo monitoring of their migration pattern. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive synopsis of preclinical evidence and clinical experience of various donor cell types, their restorative mechanisms, delivery routes, imaging strategies, future prospects and challenges for translating cell therapies as a neurorestorative regimen in clinical applications.
authors: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: xfliu2@vip.163.com.
authors: Xinfeng
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors: Ruidong
authors: R
authors: Ye
authors: Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Yan
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Shan Ping
authors: SP
authors: Yu
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Wei
authors: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors: Gelin
authors: G
authors: Xu
authors: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors: Xinying
authors: X
authors: Fan
authors: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors: Yongjun
authors: Y
authors: Jiang
authors: Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: R Anne
authors: RA
authors: Stetler
authors: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Liu
authors: Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA. Electronic address: jieli@neuro.hfh.edu.
authors: Jieli
authors: J
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
keywords: Cell-based therapies; Ischemic stroke; Neurorestoration; Stem cells