title: Dietary L-arginine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in broiler chickens.
abstract: In the present study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary L-arginine (Arg) supplementation on the inflammatory response and innate immunity of broiler chickens. Expt 1 was designed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (n 8 cages/treatment; n 6 birds/cage) with three dietary Arg concentrations (1.05, 1.42 and 1.90%) and two immune treatments (injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline) given at an interval of 48 h between 14 and 21 d of age. In Expt 2, correlation between dietary Arg concentration (0.99, 1.39, 1.76, 2.13 or 2.53%) and percentage of circulating B cells (percentage of circulating lymphocytes) was determined. In Expt 1, LPS injection decreased body-weight gain and feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio of the challenged broilers (14-21 d; P< 0.05). LPS injection suppressed (P< 0.05) the percentages of splenic CD11+ and B cells (percentages of splenic lymphocytes) and phagocytic activity of splenic heterophils and macrophages; Arg supplementation linearly decreased the percentages of CD11+, CD14+ and B cells in the spleen (P< 0.10). LPS injection increased (P< 0.05) the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in the spleen and caecal tonsils. Arginine supplementation decreased (P< 0.05) the expression of IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and PPAR-γ mRNA in the spleen and IL-1β, IL-10, TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA in the caecal tonsils. In Expt 2, increasing dietary Arg concentrations linearly and quadratically reduced the percentage of circulating B cells (P< 0.01). Collectively, Arg supplementation attenuated the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines probably through the suppression of the TLR4 pathway and CD14+ cell percentage. Furthermore, excessive Arg supplementation (1.76%) suppressed the percentages of circulating and splenic B cells.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jianzhuang
authors: J
authors: Tan
authors: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shasha
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yuming
authors: Y
authors: Guo
authors: Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors: Todd J
authors: TJ
authors: Applegate
authors: Livestock Behavioral Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors: Susan D
authors: SD
authors: Eicher
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002432:Cecum / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D001120:Arginine