title: Flocculation of high purity wheat straw soda lignin.
abstract: In industrial process, acidification causes non-sulfonated lignin insolubility. The flocculants poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) and bovine blood (BB) also caused lignin insolubility while cationic polyacrylamide, chitosan, and soy protein PF 974 were ineffective. Turbidity determined optimal flocculant, but turbidity magnitude with BB was greater than expected. pDADMAC caused negative lignin Zeta potential to became positive, but BB-lignin Zeta potential was always negative. Insoluble lignin did not gravity sediment, and flocculant-lignin mixtures were centrifuged. Pellet and supernatant dry mass and corrected spectroscopic results were in good agreement for optimal pDADMAC and BB. Spectroscopy showed 87-92% loss of supernatant lignin. Nitrogen analysis showed BB concentrated in the pellet until the pellet became saturated with BB. Subtracting ash and BB mass from pellet and supernatant mass confirmed optimal BB. Low levels of alum caused increased lignin flocculation at lower levels of pDADMAC and BB, but alum did not affect optimal flocculant.
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Biobased and Other Animal Coproducts Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Electronic address: george.piazza@ars.usda.gov.
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Piazza
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Biobased and Other Animal Coproducts Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Electronic address: jhlora@greenvalue-sa.com.
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Lora
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Biobased and Other Animal Coproducts Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005427:Flocculation; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D055672:Static Electricity; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D011095:Polyethylenes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014866:Waste Products; C041004:poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Bovine blood; Cationic polyacrylamide; Chitosan; Lignin; Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)