title: The preventable burden of productivity loss due to suboptimal asthma control: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Productivity loss is an overlooked aspect of the burden of chronic health conditions. While modern guidelines emphasize achieving clinical control in asthma management, few studies have reported on the relationship between asthma control and productivity loss. We calculated the productivity loss that can be avoided by achieving and maintaining clinical control in employed adults with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively recruited a population-based random sample of adults with asthma in British Columbia, Canada. We measured productivity loss due to absenteeism and presenteeism using validated instruments, and ascertained asthma control according to the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) classification. We estimated the average gain in productivity for each individual if the individual’s asthma was controlled in the past week, by fitting two-part regression models associating asthma control and productivity loss, controlling for potential confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final sample included 300 employed adults (mean age, 47.9 years [SD 12.0]; 67.3% women). Of these, 49 (16.3%) reported absenteeism, and 137 (45.7%) reported presenteeism. Productivity loss due to presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with asthma control. A person with uncontrolled asthma would avoid $184.80 (Canadian dollars [CAD]) in productivity loss by achieving clinical control during a week, CAD$167.50 (90.6%) of which would be due to presenteeism. The corresponding value was CAD$34.20 for partially controlled asthma and was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that substantial gain in productivity can be obtained by achieving asthma control. Presenteeism is more responsive than absenteeism to asthma control, and, thus, is a more important source of preventable burden.
authors: Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address: msafavi@mail.ubc.ca.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Sadatsafavi
authors: Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Roxanne
authors: R
authors: Rousseau
authors: Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Wenjia
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Larry
authors: L
authors: Lynd
authors: Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: J Mark
authors: JM
authors: FitzGerald
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000628:therapy*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies