title: Resource utilization and cost of inserting peripheral intravenous catheters in hospitalized children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to measure the costs and difficulty in placing peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters in hospitalized children; measures of resource utilization. We measured the costs and difficulty in placing peripheral intravenous (IV) catheters in hospitalized children. This common procedure has implications for the utilization of hospital resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, large-scale observational study in 2 southeastern US pediatric teaching hospitals evaluating 592 children needing peripheral IV catheters in the inpatient setting. The median age was 2.25 years with an age range of 2 days to 18 years. Costs were estimated by using directly measured staff time and national salary data. Analyses included costs according to patient characteristics (age, weight, dehydration, and difficulty of stick attempts), and nurse characteristics (experience in years and anticipated difficulty).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median cost of the pediatric IV insertions was $41, and 60% of the placements were obtained with the first nurse. Seventy-two percent of the children had a successful IV insertion in 1 to 2 attempts and accounted for 53% of total costs. However, the 28% of children who required > or = 3 IV attempts had a cost range of $69 to more than $125, and they consumed 43% of the total IV costs. This subset was often < 2 years old or dehydrated (P = .0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The insertion of peripheral IV catheters in an inpatient setting can be time intensive and requires significant skill. Our study suggests that resource utilization may improve when nurses and personnel proficient in starting peripheral IV catheters are used when the initial nurse has failed to obtain IV access. This systems improvement should result in shortened time to administration of parenteral therapies, positively improving outcomes and lessening length of stay, as well as improving patient/family satisfaction due to reduced perceptions of pain.
authors: Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, 3 E. 139 Brody, Department of Pediatrics, Greenville, NC 27834, USA. goffd@ecu.edu
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Goff
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Larsen
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Brinkley
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Eldridge
authors: Dale
authors: D
authors: Newton
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Hartzog
authors: J Routt
authors: JR
authors: Reigart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000191:economics* / Q000451:nursing; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States