title: The correlation between angle kappa and ocular biometry in Koreans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate normative angle kappa data and to examine whether correlations exist between angle kappa and ocular biometric measurements (e.g., refractive error, axial length) and demographic features in Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 436 eyes (213 males and 223 females) were analyzed in this study. The angle kappa was measured using Orbscan II. We used ocular biometric measurements, including refractive spherical equivalent, interpupillary distance and axial length, to investigate the correlations between angle kappa and ocular biometry. The IOL Master ver. 5.02 was used to obtain axial length.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 57.5 ± 12.0 years in males and 59.4 ± 12.4 years in females (p = 0.11). Angle kappa averaged 4.70 ± 2.70 degrees in men and 4.89 ± 2.14 degrees in women (p = 0.48). Axial length and spherical equivalent were correlated with angle kappa (r = -0.342 and r = 0.197, respectively). The correlation between axial length and spherical equivalent had a negative correlation (r = -0.540, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angle kappa increased with spherical equivalent and age. Thus, careful manipulation should be considered in older and hyperopic patients when planning refractive or strabismus surgery.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Se Rang
authors: SR
authors: Choi
authors: Ungsoo Samuel
authors: US
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000473:pathology*; D058452:Axial Length, Eye; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Axial length; Corneal topography; Refractive errors