title: Difference in diet between a general population national representative sample and individuals with alcohol use disorders, but not individuals with depressive or anxiety disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mental disorders influence diet and food consumption, but there is a lack of consistent findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate food consumption, nutrient intakes and serum metabolic biomarkers in depressive, anxiety and alcohol use disorders in comparison with the remaining from a population-based nationwide sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based on the Health 2000 Survey data of which 5504 subjects aged 30 and over (3009 women and 2495 men) were used for the analysis. Depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders were diagnosed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). The consumption of food and beverage items, and nutrient intakes were measured with a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the concentrations of biomarkers were determined in blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, no similar differences with both genders were found in the intakes of energy, dietary fibre or macronutrients or in biomarkers in depressive or anxiety disorders. Women suffering from depressed disorder consumed more soft drinks (P = 0.034) and women suffering from anxiety disorders consumed more oils (P = 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.001) and less potatoes (P = 0.002) than the remaining participants. Men suffering from depressive disorder consumed less sweets and chocolate (P = 0.001) and men with anxiety disorder consumed more tea (P = 0.033) compared with the remaining participants. In alcohol use disorders, the intake of carbohydrate was lower in both genders (P = 0.001 for women, P = 0.001 for men).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A difference in the usual diet exists between individuals with alcohol use disorders and the remaining participants on a population level. No consistent difference in both genders between those with depressive or anxiety disorders and the remaining was found.
authors: Reeta Rintamäki, M.D., Ph.D., National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services , Helsinki FI-00271 , Finland.
authors: Reeta
authors: R
authors: Rintamäki
authors: Niina
authors: N
authors: Kaplas
authors: Satu
authors: S
authors: Männistö
authors: Jukka
authors: J
authors: Montonen
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Knekt
authors: Jouko
authors: J
authors: Lönnqvist
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Partonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
keywords: Biomarker; Depression; Food; Macronutrient; Mood; Nutrition