title: Analysis of the restorative effect of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in the spleen-qi deficiency rat model using (1)H-NMR-based metabonomics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (BT) is a classical formula for the treatment of spleen-qi descending, visceroptosis with hyposplenic qi, uterine prolapse, and rectal prolapse due to chronic diarrhea in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been identified as an effective drug for the treatment of TCM spleen-qi deficiency in clinical practice. The present study aimed to investigate the restorative effect and the potential mechanisms of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in a rat spleen-qi deficiency model using (1)H-NMR-based metabonomics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat spleen-qi deficiency model was established as follows: oral administration of Radix Rhei extract (equivalent to 10g/kg body weight of the crude drug), loaded swimming, and starvation for 24h. Each of these treatments was administered consecutively every three days. Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, and three of the groups received a different oral dose of the aqueous extract of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang during the last seven days of the three-week experimental period. The body weight and motor behavior of the rats were measured and recorded once a week. The endogenous metabolites in the plasma were analyzed using NMR in conjunction with multivariate and statistical techniques. In addition, the liver and spleen were removed and weighed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the rats in the spleen-qi deficiency group presented pasty loose stools, inactiveness, grouping, a decrease in swimming endurance, and lackluster, loose, and disorderly behavior in addition to a significant decrease in body weight, spleen weight, and liver weight. In contrast, the abovementioned demonstrations were reversed to a certain extent in the rats treated with Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang compared with the model group (p<0.05, p<0.01). A significant separation was determined between the control and model groups in the PCA score plot, which indicates that the spleen-qi deficiency model was successfully duplicated. The changes in the levels of endogenous metabolites in the plasma included lower levels of valine, leucine, and O-acetyl-glycoprotein and a higher concentration of lactate in the spleen-qi deficiency group compared with the control group. Treatment with Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang at least partially returned the levels of these metabolites to the normal levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The restorative effects of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in rats with spleen-qi deficiency were confirmed, and four endogenous metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of the symptoms of spleen-qi deficiency and most likely play roles in the changes observed in certain metabolic pathways, such as the energy, protein, and glycolytic metabolisms.
authors: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
authors: Xiao-Fen
authors: XF
authors: Zheng
authors: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China. Electronic address: jstian@sxu.edu.cn.
authors: Jun-Sheng
authors: JS
authors: Tian
authors: Shanxi Pharmaceutical College, Taiyuan 030031, PR China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Liu
authors: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Xing
authors: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
authors: Xue-Mei
authors: XM
authors: Qin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D055432:Metabolomics; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D019413:Qi; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C402943:bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang
keywords: Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang; Metabonomics; Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); Spleen-qi deficiency; Traditional Chinese medicine