title: Effect of non-esterified fatty acids on fatty acid metabolism-related genes in calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NEFA plays numerous roles in the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and proteins. A number of experimental studies have shown that NEFA may have an important role in fatty acid metabolism in the liver, especially in dairy cows that experience negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, using fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and primary hepatocytes cultured in vitro, we examined the effect of NEFA (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mmol/L) on fatty acid metabolism by monitoring the mRNA and protein expression of the following key enzymes: long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT IA), long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA and protein expression levels of ACSL and ACADL markedly increased as the concentration of NEFA in the media was increased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CPT IA were enhanced significantly when the NEFA concentrations increased from 0 to 1.6 mmol/L and decreased significantly when the NEFA concentrations increased from 1.6 to 3.2 mmol/L. The mRNA and protein expression of ACC decreased gradually with increasing concentrations of NEFA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that increased NEFA significantly promote the activation and β-oxidation of fatty acids, but very high NEFA concentrations may inhibit the translocation of fatty acids into mitochondria of hepatocytes. This may explain the development of ketosis or liver lipidosis in dairy cows. CPT IA might be the key control enzyme of the fatty acid oxidation process in hepatocytes.
authors: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Li
authors: Yiming
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Miao
authors: M
authors: Long
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Guo
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Xinwei
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Cai
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Xiaobing
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Jianbin
authors: J
authors: He
authors: Guowen
authors: G
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D009829:Oleic Acids; D013229:Stearic Acids; C008757:palmitoleic acid; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C031183:stearic acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D044942:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase