title: Metabolite profiling of polyphenols in Vaccinium berries and determination of their chemopreventive properties.
abstract: A detailed investigation on the chemical composition and chemopreventive activity of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth berries was carried out in comparison with Vaccinium myrtillus L. Berry polyphenols were extracted by using two sequential dynamic maceration steps, which enabled to maximize the yields of secondary metabolites. In particular, phenolic acids and flavonols were extracted from berries using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), whereas anthocyanins were extracted from the residue with 0.6M HCl in methanol (MeOH). The analysis of secondary metabolites in berry extracts was performed by means of two specific HPLC methods. Phenolic acids and flavonols were analyzed on an Ascentis C18 column (250mm×4.6mm I.D., 5μm), with a gradient mobile phase composed of 0.1M HCOOH in H2O and ACN. Anthocyanin analysis was carried out on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (150mm×4.6mm I.D., 5μm), with a gradient mobile phase composed of H2O-HCOOH (9:1, v/v) and MeOH-H2O-HCOOH (5:4:1, v/v/v). Detection was performed by UV/DAD, MS and MS(2). The polyphenol composition of V. floribundum and V. myrtillus was studied in detail. The samples of V. floribundum analyzed in this study had a much higher content of both phenolic acids and flavonols in comparison with V. myrtillus (mean value 41.6±10.2 and 13.7±0.2mg/100g FW, respectively), while V. myrtillus showed a higher amount of anthocyanins if compared with V. floribundum (568.8±8.8 and mean value 376.2±49.9mg/100gFW, respectively). The extracts gave negative results in antimutagenic assays against carcinogens 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), while they performed similarly in both ABTS(+) and DPPH antioxidant assays.
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
authors: Francesco Pio
authors: FP
authors: Prencipe
authors: Department of Food Science-LS9 Interlab Group, University of Parma, Via G.B. Usberti 95/a, 43134 Parma, Italy.
authors: Renato
authors: R
authors: Bruni
authors: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies-LT Terra&Acqua Tech UR7, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Guerrini
authors: Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies-LT Terra&Acqua Tech UR7, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
authors: Damiano
authors: D
authors: Rossi
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Benvenuti
authors: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy. Electronic address: federica.pellati@unimore.it.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Pellati
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D064210:Secondary Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D029796:Vaccinium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029800:Vaccinium myrtillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D044948:Flavonols; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C073305:Vaccinium myrtillus extract; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline; 4-NQO; 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide; ABTS(+); Antioxidant; Berries; DPPH; HPLC; MeIQ; Polyphenols; Vaccinium