title: The effect of the augmentation of cholinergic neurotransmission by nicotine on EEG indices of visuospatial attention.
abstract: The cholinergic system has been implicated in visuospatial attention but the exact role remains unclear. In visuospatial attention, bias refers to neuronal signals that modulate the sensitivity of sensory cortex, while disengagement refers to the decoupling of attention making reorienting possible. In the current study we investigated the effect of facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission by nicotine (Nicorette Freshmint 2mg, polacrilex chewing gum) on behavioral and electrophysiological indices of bias and disengagement. Sixteen non-smoking participants performed in a Visual Spatial Cueing (VSC) task while EEG was recorded. A randomized, single-blind, crossover design was implemented. Based on the scarce literature, it was expected that nicotine would specifically augment disengagement related processing, especially manifest as an increase of the modulation of the Late Positive Deflection (LPD) by validity of cueing. No effect was expected on bias related components (cue-locked: EDAN, LDAP; target-locked: P1 and N1 modulations). Results show weak indications for a reduction of the reaction time validity effect by nicotine, but only for half of the sample in which the validity effect on the pretest was largest. Nicotine reduced the result of bias as indexed by a reduced P1 modulation by validity, especially in subjects with strong peripheral responses to nicotine. Nicotine did not affect ERP manifestations of the directing of bias (EDAN, LDAP) or disengagement (LPD).
authors: Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.n.a.logemann@gmail.com.
authors: H N A
authors: HN
authors: Logemann
authors: Alan Turing Institute Almere, Louis Armstrongweg 84, 1311 RL Almere, The Netherlands.
authors: K B E
authors: KB
authors: Böcker
authors: University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: P K H
authors: PK
authors: Deschamps
authors: University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kemner
authors: Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Kenemans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003463:Cues; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Acetylcholine; Attention; Bias; Disengagement; EEG; Orienting