title: The assessment of cognitive errors using an observer-rated method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive Errors (CEs) are a key construct in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Integral to CBT is that individuals with depression process information in an overly negative or biased way, and that this bias is reflected in specific depressotypic CEs which are distinct from normal information processing. Despite the importance of this construct in CBT theory, practice, and research, few methods are available to researchers and clinicians to reliably identify CEs as they occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, the author presents a rating system, the Cognitive Error Rating Scale, which can be used by trained observers to identify and assess the cognitive errors of patients or research participants in vivo, i.e., as they are used or reported by the patients or participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method is described, including some of the more important rating conventions to be considered when using the method. This paper also describes the 15 cognitive errors assessed, and the different summary scores, including valence of the CEs, that can be derived from the method.
authors: a Counselling Psychology & Psychiatry , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Drapeau
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods