title: A novel non-invasive electrochemical biosensing device for in situ determination of the alcohol content in blood by monitoring ethanol in sweat.
abstract: A non-invasive, passive and simple to use skin surface based sensing device for determining the blood's ethanol content (BAC) by monitoring transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) is designed and developed. The proposed prototype is based on bienzyme amperometric composite biosensors that are sensitive to the variation of ethanol concentration. The prototype correlates, through previous calibration set-up, the amperometric signal generated from ethanol in sweat with its content in blood in a short period of time. The characteristics of this sensor device permit determination of the ethanol concentration in isolated and in continuous form, giving information of the BAC of a subject either in a given moment or its evolution during long periods of time (8h). Moreover, as the measurements are performed in a biological fluid, the evaluated individual is not able to alter the result of the analysis. The maximum limit of ethanol in blood allowed by legislation is included within the linear range of the device (0.0005-0.6 g L(-1)). Moreover, the device shows higher sensitivity than the breathalyzers marketed at the moment, allowing the monitoring of the ethanol content in blood to be obtained just 5 min after ingestion of the alcoholic drink. The comparison of the obtained results using the proposed device in the analysis of 40 volunteers with those provided by the gas chromatographic reference method for determination of BAC pointed out that there were no significant differences between both methods.
authors: Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mariagam@quim.ucm.es.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Gamella
authors: Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: susanacr@quim.ucm.es.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Campuzano
authors: Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: javicomono@msn.com.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Manso
authors: Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: guillermo.gdrivera@uam.es.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: González de Rivera
authors: Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: fj.lopez@uam.es.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: López-Colino
authors: Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: reviejo@quim.ucm.es.
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Reviejo
authors: Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: pingarro@quim.ucm.es.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Pingarrón
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000075163:Metallocenes; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D000075163:Metallocenes; D000431:Ethanol; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C019643:alcohol oxidase; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; C004998:ferrocene
keywords: Amperometric bienzymatic biosensor; Blood alcohol concentration; Portable device; Transdermal alcohol biosensor