title: Evaluation of the toxic potential of graphene copper nanocomposite (GCNC) in the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ)Bg(9.).
abstract: Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon sheet with single-atom thickness, have attracted the scientific world for its potential applications in various field including the biomedical areas. In the present study the graphene copper nanocomposite (GCNC) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for its toxic potential on third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ)Bg(9) . The synthesized GCNC was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The GCNC in 0.1% DMSO was sonicated for 10 min and the final concentration of 0.033, 0.099, 0.199 and 3.996 µg/µl of diet were established. The third instar larvae were allowed to feed on it separately for 24 and 48 hrs. The hsp70 expression was measured by O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside assay, tissue damage by trypan blue exclusion test and β-galactosidase activity was monitored by in situ histochemical β-galactosidase staining. Oxidative stress was monitored by performing lipid peroxidation assay and total protein estimation. Ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining was performed on midgut cells for apoptotic index and the comet assay was performed for the DNA damage. The results of the present study showed that the exposure of 0.199 and 3.996 µg/µl of GCNC were toxic for 24 hr of exposure and for 48 hr of exposure: 0.099, 0.199 and 3.996 µg/µl of GCNC was toxic. The dose of 0.033 µg/µl of GCNC showed no toxic effects on its exposure to the third instar larvae for 24 hr as well as 48 hrs. This dose can be considered as No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL).
authors: Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Yasir Hasan
authors: YH
authors: Siddique
authors: Ambreen
authors: A
authors: Fatima
authors: Smita
authors: S
authors: Jyoti
authors: Falaq
authors: F
authors: Naz
authors: Rahul
authors: Wasi
authors: W
authors: Khan
authors: Braj Raj
authors: BR
authors: Singh
authors: Alim Hussain
authors: AH
authors: Naqvi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D007814:Larva / Q000166:cytology; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006108:Graphite; D003300:Copper