title: Successful bioremediation of an aged and heavily contaminated soil using a microbial/plant combination strategy.
abstract: Bioremediation of an aged and heavily contaminated soil was performed using microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and microbial/phytoremediation. The removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was in the order microbial/phytoremediation>microbial remediation≈phytoremediation>control. The removal percentage of microbial/phytoremediation (69.6%) was twice that of control. Kocuria sp. P10 significantly enhanced PAH removal (P<0.05) and ryegrass growth (P<0.01). Dehydrogenase activity increased steadily and was negatively correlated with total PAH content. Successional changes in soil microbial communities were also detected by pyrosequencing. The results indicated that biodiversity of the soil bacterial community gradually increased with time and was slightly lower in control, as indicated by operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers and Shannon-Wiener indices. Proportions of Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were consistently high in all groups. Actinobacteridae were initially predominant (>37.8%) but rapidly decreased to <4%. The proportions of Acidobacteria increased greatly and this increase was positively correlated with PAH removal. These findings indicate a healthy ecological progression and a role of Acidobacteria as an indicator of the process. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of community structure during bioremediation process and a possible basis for ecological assessment for bioremediation on a large scale.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Environmental Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors: Guang-Dong
authors: GD
authors: Sun
authors: Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100089, China.
authors: Jing-Hua
authors: JH
authors: Jin
authors: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100089, China.
authors: Mu
authors: M
authors: Luo
authors: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors: Zhi-Ping
authors: ZP
authors: Zhong
authors: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: liuzhp@sun.im.ac.cn.
authors: Zhi-Pei
authors: ZP
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D061271:Acidobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D008129:Lolium / Q000502:physiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Aged and heavily contaminated soil; Bioremediation; Community structure; Ecological assessment; Pyrosequencing