title: Treatment of life-threatening hypercapnia with isoflurane in an infant with status asthmaticus.
abstract: We encountered a 2-year-old child with life-threatening hypercapnia, with a PaCO(2) of 238 mm Hg and severe respiratory and metabolic acidosis, due to status asthmaticus that was refractory to steroid and bronchodilator therapy. Suspecting ventilatory failure and excessive ventilation-induced obstructive shock, we started respiratory physiotherapy in synchrony with her respiration, to facilitate exhalation from her over-inflated lungs. Isoflurane inhalation was commenced in preparation for extracorporeal circulation, to reduce the hypercapnia. The combination of respiratory physiotherapy and isoflurane inhalation resulted in a rapid decrease in ventilatory resistance and PaCO(2) levels within a few minutes, with recovery of consciousness within 60 min. Isoflurane inhalation was gradually discontinued and steroid and aminophylline therapy were commenced. The patient recovered completely without any recurrence of her bronchospasm and without any residual neurological deficits. In our patient with a severe asthmatic attack, decreased exhalation secondary to asthma and overventilation during artificial ventilation resulted in overinflation of the lungs, which in turn led to cerebral edema and obstructive cardiac failure. The favorable outcome in this case was due to the short duration of hypercapnia. Hence, we conclude that the duration of hypercapnia is an important determinant of the morbidity and mortality of status asthmaticus-induced severe hypercapnia.
authors: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, West 16 South 1, chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan, ymasuda@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors: Yoshiki
authors: Y
authors: Masuda
authors: Hiroomi
authors: H
authors: Tatsumi
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Goto
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Imaizumi
authors: Shin-ichiro
authors: S
authors: Yoshida
authors: Tomohiko
authors: T
authors: Kimijima
authors: Michiaki
authors: M
authors: Yamakage
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D003128:Coma / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007223:Infant; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013224:Status Asthmaticus / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007530:Isoflurane