title: Novel central nervous system drug delivery systems.
abstract: For decades, biomedical and pharmaceutical researchers have worked to devise new and more effective therapeutics to treat diseases affecting the central nervous system. The blood-brain barrier effectively protects the brain, but poses a profound challenge to drug delivery across this barrier. Many traditional drugs cannot cross the blood-brain barrier in appreciable concentrations, with less than 1% of most drugs reaching the central nervous system, leading to a lack of available treatments for many central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain tumors. Due to the ineffective nature of most treatments for central nervous system disorders, the development of novel drug delivery systems is an area of great interest and active research. Multiple novel strategies show promise for effective central nervous system drug delivery, giving potential for more effective and safer therapies in the future. This review outlines several novel drug delivery techniques, including intranasal drug delivery, nanoparticles, drug modifications, convection-enhanced infusion, and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. It also assesses possible clinical applications, limitations, and examples of current clinical and preclinical research for each of these drug delivery approaches. Improved central nervous system drug delivery is extremely important and will allow for improved treatment of central nervous system diseases, causing improved therapies for those who are affected by central nervous system diseases.
authors: Department of Physiology, 2D01 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, 2D01 Health Sciences, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
authors: Jocelyn
authors: J
authors: Stockwell
authors: Nabiha
authors: N
authors: Abdi
authors: Xiaofan
authors: X
authors: Lu
authors: Oshin
authors: O
authors: Maheshwari
authors: Changiz
authors: C
authors: Taghibiglou
mesh_terms: D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D011355:Prodrugs; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries
keywords: drug delivery/ADMET; drug design; drug discovery; ligands (agonist/antagonist); nanotechnology (drug discovery); receptor