title: Field application of electrokinetic remediation for multi-metal contaminated paddy soil using two-dimensional electrode configuration.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of in situ electrokinetic remediation for arsenic (As)-, copper (Cu)-, and lead (Pb)-contaminated soil, in a pilot-scale field application with two-dimensional electrode configurations. Square and hexagonal configurations with different electrode spacing, 1 m and 2 m, were investigated under a constant 100 V. A square configuration with electrode spacing of 2 m removed 61.5 % of As, 11.4 % of Cu, and 0.9 % of Pb, respectively, and a hexagonal configuration with the same spacing showed a higher removal efficiency in top (59 % of As, 0-0.5 m) and middle (53 % of As, 0.5-1.0 m) layers, but much lower removal efficiency in the bottom layer (1-1.5 m), which was thought to be due to groundwater flow through periodic rise and fall of tides. Fractionation analysis showed that As bound to Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide was the main form of As removed by the electrokinetic process. The two-dimensional configuration wasted less electrical energy by Joule heating, and required fewer electrode installations, compared to the one-dimensional electrode configuration.
authors: Department of Soil and Groundwater, Korea Environment Corporation (KECO), 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-708, South Korea.
authors: Woo-Seung
authors: WS
authors: Kim
authors: Eun-Ki
authors: EK
authors: Jeon
authors: Ji-Min
authors: JM
authors: Jung
authors: Hong-Bae
authors: HB
authors: Jung
authors: Sung-Hwan
authors: SH
authors: Ko
authors: Chang-Il
authors: CI
authors: Seo
authors: Kitae
authors: K
authors: Baek
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D004566:Electrodes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012275:Oryza; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical