title: Effect of fucoxanthin alone and in combination with D-glucosamine hydrochloride on carrageenan/kaolin-induced experimental arthritis in rats.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the fucoxanthin (FUCO) alone and in combination with glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) on carrageenan/kaolin-induced inflammatory arthritis model in rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Joint swelling, muscle weight ratio (%), histopathological examination and scoring, and proteoglycan degradation were examined. Pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis (TNF-α) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein expression and nitric oxide (NO) level in knee synovial tissue extract were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting analysis, and Griess reagent assay, respectively. FUCO and FUCO + GAH not only may significantly reduce degrees of knee joint swelling and prevent against muscle atrophy, but also may significantly attenuate inflammation in synovial tissue, cartilage erosion, and proteoglycan loss. The efficacies of FUCO + GAH were stronger than that of GAH or FUCO. FUCO alone and FUCO + GAH can significantly inhibit upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS protein expressions, decrease of IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and reduce NO production in knee synovial tissue extract. These results indicated that FUCO is an effective anti-arthritis agent through an antiinflammation mechanism. FUCO may enhance therapeutic effect of GAH on rat arthritis through mechanism of antiinflammation.
authors: China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
authors: Dezheng
authors: D
authors: Gong
authors: Wanjiang
authors: W
authors: Chu
authors: Liping
authors: L
authors: Jiang
authors: Chengyan
authors: C
authors: Geng
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Ishikawa
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Kajima
authors: Laifu
authors: L
authors: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007616:Kaolin; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011509:Proteoglycans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D024341:Xanthophylls; C025164:fucoxanthin; D007616:Kaolin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002351:Carrageenan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D005944:Glucosamine
keywords: anti-arthritis; antiinflammatory; cytokine; fucoxanthin (FUCO); proteoglycan (PG)