title: Totally endoscopic robotic coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the current status and methods of robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) surgery and discuss important anesthetic considerations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technological and surgical advances in robotics have led to the evolution of TECAB surgery from a single-vessel procedure to quadruple-vessel bypass. TECAB is now a reproducible technique, with a low incidence of mortality and morbidity and superior quality of life. Although early cohorts of patients are still being observed for long-term outcomes, initial and midterm outcomes are comparable to those of conventional coronary artery bypass. TECAB is also associated with specific challenges for the anesthesiologist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TECAB surgery is a feasible alternative to open coronary artery bypass surgery in selected patient populations. Appropriate patient selection, team training, and stepwise application of the procedure are crucial. TECAB is associated with a unique set of challenges, requiring a skilled operative team. As robotic technology and surgical expertise evolve, this technology will find wider application in an increasing high-risk patient population that will require the support of a skilled anesthesiology team.
authors: aDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland bSwedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors: Seema P
authors: SP
authors: Deshpande
authors: Molly
authors: M
authors: Fitzpatrick
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Lehr
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D056888:Patient Positioning; D010477:Perfusion; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012371:Robotics; D056346:Sternotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy