title: Factors associated with HIV infection among children born to mothers on the prevention of mother to child transmission programme at Chitungwiza Hospital, Zimbabwe, 2008.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zimbabwe is one of the five countries worst affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic with HIV infection contributing increasingly to childhood morbidity and mortality. Among the children born to HIV positive mothers participating in the PMTCT programme, 25% tested positive to HIV. We investigated factors associated with HIV infection among children born to mothers on the PMTCT programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1:1 unmatched case-control study was conducted at Chitungwiza Hospital, Zimbabwe, 2008. A case was defined as a child who tested HIV positive, born to a mother who had been on PMTCT programme. A control was a HIV negative child born to a mother who had been on PMTCT programme. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, risk factors associated with HIV infection and immunization status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 120 mothers were interviewed. Independent risk factors associated with HIV infection among children included maternal CD4 count of less than 200 during pregnancy [aOR = 7.1, 95% CI (2.6-17)], mixed feeding [aOR = 29, 95% CI (4.2-208)], being hospitalized since birth [aOR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.2-4.8)] whilst being exclusively breast fed for less than 6 months [aOR = 0.1 (95% CI 0.03-0.4)] was protective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV infection among children increased if the mother's CD4 count was ≤200 cells/μL and if the child was exposed to mixed feeding. Breastfeeding exclusively for less than six months was protective. We recommended exclusive breast feeding period for the first six months and stop breast feeding after 6 months if affordable, sustainable and safe.
authors: Stella
authors: S
authors: Ngwende
authors: Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. gombent@yahoo.com.
authors: Notion T
authors: NT
authors: Gombe
authors: Stanley
authors: S
authors: Midzi
authors: Mufuta
authors: M
authors: Tshimanga
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Shambira
authors: Addmore
authors: A
authors: Chadambuka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology; D016903:Drug Monitoring