title: Antioxidant, antibacterial and antischistosomal activities of extracts from Grateloupia livida (Harv). Yamada.
abstract: The present study was designated to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and antischistosomal activities of Grateloupia livida (GL) extracts in vitro. A GL Ethanol extract (EE) was separated into petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butyl alcohol (BuOH) and aqueous (AQ) fractions to fractionate the polar and non-polar compounds in the EE. Extracts antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro by DPPH radical-scavenging, deoxyribose radical scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching assays, all using butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the reference antioxidant compound. The most effective antioxidant properties were observed in the PE fraction in all three assays. Antimicrobial testing showed that the PE fraction exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with the PE fraction also exhibiting strong activity against the human pathogenic trematode S. japonicum adult worm. In order to investigate the relationships between bioactivity and chemical composition, the chemical composition of the PE fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 25 components were identified in the PE fraction, most of which have known antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, none of the compounds have reported activity against Schistosoma, suggesting that the schistosomicidal activity of the PE fraction may be related to minor constituents present in the extract, or governed by more intricate synergistic or additive relationships. Finally, fractions with the greatest biological activity displayed neither cellular cytotoxicity, at concentrations up to 100 ug/ml, or acute oral toxicity in mice, at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Based on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antischistosomal activities, and low toxicity, the PE fraction possesses properties useful for food preservation and overall improvement of human health.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China ; Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
authors: Zebin
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
authors: Yicun
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Fen
authors: F
authors: Yao
authors: Weizhou
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Shuping
authors: S
authors: Zhong
authors: Fuchun
authors: F
authors: Zheng
authors: Ganggang
authors: G
authors: Shi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D012556:Schistosomicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012556:Schistosomicides