title: Pesticide potential dermal exposure during the manipulation of concentrated mixtures at small horticultural and floricultural production units in Argentina: the formulation effect.
abstract: Potential dermal exposure measurements of horticultural and floricultural field operators that handled concentrated pesticides showed a correlation with the types of formulations used (liquid or solid) during the mix and load stage. For liquid formulations, hand exposure was 22-62 times greater than that for solid ones. The dermal exposure mechanism was studied for this formulation under laboratory conditions, finding that the rupture of the aluminum seal of the pesticide container and the color of the liquid formulation are important factors. Additionally, significant external surface contamination of pesticide containers collected at horticultural farms was found. This could partially account for the differences between the exposure levels of field and laboratory experiments for liquid formulations.
authors: Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Giselle A
authors: GA
authors: Berenstein
authors: Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Enrique A
authors: EA
authors: Hughes
authors: Agrofina, Joaquín V. González 4977, (C1419AYK), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: March
authors: Agrofina, Joaquín V. González 4977, (C1419AYK), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Rojic
authors: Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Zalts
authors: Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 2º piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: jmontser@ungs.edu.ar.
authors: Javier M
authors: JM
authors: Montserrat
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001118:Argentina; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Floriculture; Horticulture; Margin of Safety (MOS); Mix and load; Potential Manual Exposure (PME)