title: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with low HDL cholesterol and coronary angioplasty in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In this study we examined factors associated with the presence of NAFLD and the prevalence of macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 101 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes: 72 with NAFLD and 29 free of NAFLD. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Serum lipids were measured enzymatically and glycated hemoglobin HbA1c was measured by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 53.1 ± 10.4 in the NAFLD group and 44.9 ± 10.9 years in patients without NAFLD (p<0.001). The mean duration of diabetes was 10 ± 6.3 years in patients with NAFLD and 15.1 ± 7.8 years in those without NAFLD (p<0.001). Mean values of glycated hemoglobin A1c were similar in both groups. Patients with NAFLD were characterized by a significantly higher prevalence of coronary angioplasty (20.8% vs. 0%, p=0.008). Overweight and obesity were observed in a higher percentage of patients with NAFLD (p<0.001). Patients with NAFLD were characterized by significantly higher values of alanine transaminase (p=0.033), and lower serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (p<0.001) and creatinine (p=0.034). Logistic regression analysis (p<0.001) revealed that NAFLD was positively associated with waist circumference above normal (women >80 cm, men >94 cm) (p=0.0083) and alanine transaminase activity (p=0.0164), and negatively with creatinine concentration (p=0.0226). In a second logistic regression model (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.007) and total cholesterol (p<0.008) were positive predictors, while HDL-C (p<0.003) was a negative predictor of NAFLD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study suggest that NAFLD is associated with visceral obesity and low HDL-cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Aleksandra
authors: A
authors: Trojak
authors: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Waluś-Miarka
authors: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Woźniakiewicz
authors: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Maciej T
authors: MT
authors: Małecki
authors: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Idzior-Waluś
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000886:Anthropometry; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin