title: SOX-10 expression in cutaneous myoepitheliomas and mixed tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SOX-10 expression can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in salivary gland myoepitheliomas, but its expression in cutaneous myoepitheliomas and in cutaneous mixed tumors with prominent myoepithelial cells has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the staining pattern of SOX-10 in five cutaneous myoepitheliomas and six cutaneous mixed tumors with a prominent myoepithelial component among both the myoepithelial cells and cells lining lumens. In addition, we examined the staining of S100, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF), keratin cocktail, HMK903, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SOX-10 positivity was seen in three of five (60%) cutaneous myoepitheliomas and in the myoepithelial cells of all cutaneous mixed tumors. SOX-10 expression on the cells lining the glandular structures in mixed tumors was variable. All myoepitheliomas and mixed tumors stained positively with S100 and negatively with MiTF. Pan-keratin, HMK903, SMA and EMA showed variable expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SOX-10 is a relatively reliable marker for staining cutaneous myoepitheliomas. Cutaneous myoepitheliomas are notoriously difficult to diagnose, and the addition of SOX-10 to the repertoire of stains that can label this tumor is of practical utility. These results further support that cutaneous myoepitheliomas and cutaneous mixed tumors exist on a morphologic and immunophenotypic spectrum.
authors: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: Agne
authors: A
authors: Naujokas
authors: Yann
authors: Y
authors: Charli-Joseph
authors: Beth S
authors: BS
authors: Ruben
authors: Iwei
authors: I
authors: Yeh
authors: Philip E
authors: PE
authors: LeBoit
authors: Timothy H
authors: TH
authors: McCalmont
authors: Laura B
authors: LB
authors: Pincus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018198:Mixed Tumor, Malignant / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009208:Myoepithelioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C527923:SOX10 protein, human; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors
keywords: adnexal neoplasm; cutaneous adnexal neoplasms; cutaneous neoplasm; dermatopathology; immunocytochemistry