title: Protein kinase C and cancer: what we know and what we do not.
abstract: Since their discovery in the late 1970s, protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes represent one of the most extensively studied signaling kinases. PKCs signal through multiple pathways and control the expression of genes relevant for cell cycle progression, tumorigenesis and metastatic dissemination. Despite the vast amount of information concerning the mechanisms that control PKC activation and function in cellular models, the relevance of individual PKC isozymes in the progression of human cancer is still a matter of controversy. Although the expression of PKC isozymes is altered in multiple cancer types, the causal relationship between such changes and the initiation and progression of the disease remains poorly defined. Animal models developed in the last years helped to better understand the involvement of individual PKCs in various cancer types and in the context of specific oncogenic alterations. Unraveling the enormous complexity in the mechanisms by which PKC isozymes have an impact on tumorigenesis and metastasis is key for reassessing their potential as pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Garg
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: L G
authors: LG
authors: Benedetti
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Abera
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Abba
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Kazanietz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C