title: Polymorphism at P21 codon 31 and dinucleotide polymorphism of P73 gene and susceptibility to bladder cancer in individuals from North India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  p73, a novel P53 homolog and plays an important role in modulating cell cycle control, apoptosis and cell growth while P21, functions to negatively control the cell cycle. P53 up regulates p21 expression in response to deoxyribonucleic acid damage leading to cell cycle arrest at G1 checkpoint. In the present study, we are targeting p21 codon 31 and p73 gene variants of G4C14-to-A4T14 (Exon 2) polymorphism for bladder cancer (BC) risk in North Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The above gene variants of P21 and P73 were assessed in the case-control study comprising of 200 BC cases and 200 healthy controls of the same age, gender and similar ethnicity. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism method and PCR-based confronting two-pair primers (PCR with CTPP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variant genotype of p73Exon 2 polymorphism showed significant risk for BC (p = 0.014). While combining with heterozygous genotype, variant genotype of p73Exon2 showed a significant association with BC risk (p = 0.010). While in case of p21 codon31 showed no significant association for BC risk at genotypic level. Significant association between p73Exon2 polymorphism and smoking was observed for BC risk. Furthermore, gene combination analysis revealed that AT/AT-Ser/Ser is associated with risk for BC. Variant genotype of P73Exon2 was associated with reduced risk of recurrence (p = 0.039) in superficial BC patients receiving Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment thus showing least survival (log rank = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provided evidence that the p73 G4C14 > A4T14 (Exon2) polymorphisms were associated with higher risk of BC in North Indian population.
authors: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors: Praveen Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Jaiswal
authors: Vibha
authors: V
authors: Singh
authors: Rama Devi
authors: RD
authors: Mittal
keywords: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy; P73 and P21 gene polymorphism; gene-gene interaction; survival analysis