title: Pre-clinical development of a recombinant, replication-competent adenovirus serotype 4 vector vaccine expressing HIV-1 envelope 1086 clade C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a well-acknowledged need for an effective AIDS vaccine that protects against HIV-1 infection or limits in vivo viral replication. The objective of these studies is to develop a replication-competent, vaccine vector based on the adenovirus serotype 4 (Ad4) virus expressing HIV-1 envelope (Env) 1086 clade C glycoprotein. Ad4 recombinant vectors expressing Env gp160 (Ad4Env160), Env gp140 (Ad4Env140), and Env gp120 (Ad4Env120) were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The recombinant Ad4 vectors were generated with a full deletion of the E3 region of Ad4 to accommodate the env gene sequences. The vaccine candidates were assessed in vitro following infection of A549 cells for Env-specific protein expression and for posttranslational transport to the cell surface as monitored by the binding of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). The capacity of the Ad4Env vaccines to induce humoral immunity was evaluated in rabbits for Env gp140 and V1V2-specific binding antibodies, and HIV-1 pseudovirus neutralization. Mice immunized with the Ad4Env160 vaccine were assessed for IFNγ T cell responses specific for overlapping Env peptide sets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Robust Env protein expression was confirmed by western blot analysis and recognition of cell surface Env gp160 by multiple bNAbs. Ad4Env vaccines induced humoral immune responses in rabbits that recognized Env 1086 gp140 and V1V2 polypeptide sequences derived from 1086 clade C, A244 clade AE, and gp70 V1V2 CASE A2 clade B fusion protein. The immune sera efficiently neutralized tier 1 clade C pseudovirus MW965.26 and neutralized the homologous and heterologous tier 2 pseudoviruses to a lesser extent. Env-specific T cell responses were also induced in mice following Ad4Env160 vector immunization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ad4Env vaccine vectors express high levels of Env glycoprotein and induce both Env-specific humoral and cellular immunity thus supporting further development of this new Ad4 HIV-1 Env vaccine platform in Phase 1 clinical trials.
authors: PaxVax Inc, San Diego, California, United States of America.
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Alexander
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Mendy
authors: Lo
authors: L
authors: Vang
authors: Jenny B
authors: JB
authors: Avanzini
authors: Fermin
authors: F
authors: Garduno
authors: Darly J
authors: DJ
authors: Manayani
authors: Glenn
authors: G
authors: Ishioka
authors: Peggy
authors: P
authors: Farness
authors: Li-Hua
authors: LH
authors: Ping
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Swanstrom
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Parks
authors: Hua-Xin
authors: HX
authors: Liao
authors: Barton F
authors: BF
authors: Haynes
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Montefiori
authors: Celia
authors: C
authors: LaBranche
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Smith
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Gurwith
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Mayall
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011817:Rabbits; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus