title: Noncontrast enhanced four-dimensional dynamic MRA with golden angle radial acquisition and K-space weighted image contrast (KWIC) reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the feasibility of 2D and 3D golden-angle radial acquisition strategies in conjunction with k-space weighted image contrast (KWIC) temporal filtering to achieve noncontrast enhanced dynamic MRA (dMRA) with high spatial resolution, low streaking artifacts and high temporal fidelity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simulations and in vivo examinations in eight normal volunteers and an arteriovenous malformation patient were carried out. Both 2D and 3D golden angle radial sequences, preceded by spin tagging, were used for dMRA of the brain. The radial dMRA data were temporally filtered using the KWIC strategy and compared with matched standard Cartesian techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2D and 3D dynamic MRA image series acquired with the proposed radial techniques demonstrated excellent image quality without discernible temporal blurring compared with standard Cartesian based approaches. The image quality of radial dMRA was equivalent to or higher than that of Cartesian dMRA by visual inspection. A reduction factor of up to 10 and 3 in scan time was achieved for 2D and 3D radial dMRA compared with the Cartesian-based counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed 2D and 3D radial dMRA techniques demonstrated image quality comparable or even superior to those obtained with standard Cartesian methods, but within a fraction of the scan time.
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: Hee Kwon
authors: HK
authors: Song
authors: Lirong
authors: L
authors: Yan
authors: Robert X
authors: RX
authors: Smith
authors: Yiqun
authors: Y
authors: Xue
authors: Stanislas
authors: S
authors: Rapacchi
authors: Subashini
authors: S
authors: Srinivasan
authors: Daniel B
authors: DB
authors: Ennis
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Hu
authors: Nader
authors: N
authors: Pouratian
authors: Danny J J
authors: DJ
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: KWIC; dynamic MRA; golden angle; radial MRI