title: Antinociceptive activity and effect of methanol extracts of three salvia spp. On withdrawal syndrome in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are several reports about effects of Salvia spp. on CNS. The present experiment is undertaken to study effect of S. limbata, S. hypoleuca and S. macrosiphon on withdrawal syndrome in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antinociceptive activities of aerial parts of Salvia spp. is investigated using hot plate method. In addition, the effect of its aerial parts on morphine dependence is investigated in mice. After induction of morphine dependency, different concentrations of plant extract are injected. To assess morphine withdrawal, naloxone (5 mg kg-1, i.p.) are injected into mice on the 5th day. Withdrawal syndrome is assessed by placing each mouse in a glass box 30 cm in height and recording the incidence of escape jumps for 60 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in incidence of escape jumps is observed in morphine dependence mice. S. limbata and S. hypoleuca extracts produced a statistically significant inhibition of pain induced by hot plate latency at (500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg-1) i.p. A significant increase in pain threshold is observed after 30 and 60 minutes (p < 0.001). The activity was comparable to that of morphine (30 mg kg-1, i.p., p > 0.05). The antinociceptive activity increased up to 60 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. limbataand S. hypolecuca extracts produced statistically significant inhibition of pain and development of morphine dependence in mice.
authors: Department of Toxicopharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Karami
authors: Mohammad Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Shamerani
authors: Ebrahim
authors: E
authors: Hossini
authors: Ahmad Reza
authors: AR
authors: Gohari
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Ebrahimzadeh
authors: Anahita
authors: A
authors: Nosrati
keywords: Antinociceptive activity; Hot plate; Morphine dependence; Salvia; Withdrawal syndrome