title: Reduce, reuse and recycle: a green solution to Canada's medical isotope shortage.
abstract: Due to the unforeseen maintenance issues at the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor at Chalk River and coincidental shutdowns of other international reactors, a global shortage of medical isotopes (in particular technetium-99m, Tc-99m) occurred in 2009. The operation of these research reactors is expensive, their age creates concerns about their continued maintenance and the process results in a large amount of long-lived nuclear waste, whose storage cost has been subsidized by governments. While the NRU has since revived its operations, it is scheduled to cease isotope production in 2016. The Canadian government created the Non-reactor based medical Isotope Supply Program (NISP) to promote research into alternative methods for producing medical isotopes. The NRC was a member of a collaboration looking into the use of electron linear accelerators (LINAC) to produce molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), the parent isotope of Tc-99m. This paper outlines NRC's involvement in every step of this process, from the production, chemical processing, recycling and preliminary animal studies to demonstrate the equivalence of LINAC Tc-99m with the existing supply. This process stems from reusing an old idea, reduces the nuclear waste to virtually zero and recycles material to create a green solution to Canada's medical isotope shortage.
authors: National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A0R6. Electronic address: raphael.galea@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Galea
authors: National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A0R6.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ross
authors: University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y4W7.
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Wells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D059027:Recycling
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: Linac; Medical isotopes; Technetium-99m