title: Understanding the rural-urban differences in nonmedical prescription opioid use and abuse in the United States.
abstract: Nonmedical prescription opioid misuse remains a growing public problem in need of action and is concentrated in areas of US states with large rural populations such as Kentucky, West Virginia, Alaska, and Oklahoma. We developed hypotheses regarding the influence of 4 factors: (1) greater opioid prescription in rural areas, creating availability from which illegal markets can arise; (2) an out-migration of young adults; (3) greater rural social and kinship network connections, which may facilitate drug diversion and distribution; and (4) economic stressors that may create vulnerability to drug use more generally. A systematic consideration of the contexts that create differences in availability, access, and preferences is critical to understanding how drug use context varies across geography.
authors: Katherine M. Keyes, Magdalena Cerdá, and Sandro Galea are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY. Joanne E. Brady is with the Department of Epidemiology and the Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University. Jennifer R. Havens is with the Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.
authors: Katherine M
authors: KM
authors: Keyes
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Cerdá
authors: Joanne E
authors: JE
authors: Brady
authors: Jennifer R
authors: JR
authors: Havens
authors: Sandro
authors: S
authors: Galea
mesh_terms: D004467:Economics; D005195:Family Relations; D006801:Humans; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010465:Perception; D064226:Prescription Drug Diversion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs