title: Innominate artery cannulation and antegrade cerebral perfusion for aortic arch reconstruction in infants and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Innominate artery cannulation has been widely adopted as a means to perform aortic arch reconstruction with continuous cerebral perfusion in the newborn. Although this technique has been subsequently utilized in infants and children, there is currently no data regarding the safety or efficacy in these older children. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with innominate artery cannulation for aortic arch reconstruction in patients beyond the neonatal period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective review of 42 infants and children who underwent aortic arch reconstruction using the technique of innominate artery cannulation with continuous cerebral perfusion. Of these procedures, 29 (69%) were primary arch reconstructions, while 13 (31%) were aortic arch reoperations. The median age at surgery was 8 months, and 22 patients underwent concomitant intracardiac repairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no operative mortality in this cohort of 42 patients undergoing aortic arch reconstruction. There was also no overt evidence of neurologic injury. Specifically, none of the patients demonstrated a neurologic deficit, clinical seizure, or unexpected delay in regaining a normal state of consciousness. The median duration of antegrade cerebral perfusion was 34 minutes. The median duration of hospital stay was 11 days. No patient required reoperation on the aortic arch with a median of 45-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Innominate artery cannulation is a safe and effective technique for aortic arch reconstruction in nonneonates. We conclude that antegrade cerebral perfusion is a useful technique for aortic arch reconstruction in this patient population.
authors: Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors: Teimour
authors: T
authors: Nasirov
authors: Richard D
authors: RD
authors: Mainwaring
authors: V Mohan
authors: VM
authors: Reddy
authors: Justin
authors: J
authors: Sleasman
authors: Tristan
authors: T
authors: Margetson
authors: Frank L
authors: FL
authors: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
keywords: aortic arch; cerebral perfusion; congenital heart surgery; perfusion