title: Real-time monitoring of incision profile during laser surgery using shock wave detection.
abstract: Lack of sensory feedback during laser surgery prevents surgeons from discerning the exact location of the incision, which increases duration and complexity of the treatment. In this study we demonstrate a new method for monitoring of laser ablation procedures. Real-time tracking of the exact three dimensional (3D) lesion profile is accomplished by detection of shock waves emanating from the ablation spot and subsequent reconstruction of the incision location using time-of-flight data obtained from multiple acoustic detectors. Here, incisions of up to 9 mm in depth, created by pulsed laser ablation of fresh bovine tissue samples, were successfully monitored in real time. It was further observed that, by utilizing as little as 12 detection elements, the incision profile can be characterized with accuracy below 0.5 mm in all three dimensions and in good agreement with histological examinations. The proposed method holds therefore promise for delivering high precision real-time feedback during laser surgeries.
authors: Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
authors: Erwin
authors: E
authors: Bay
authors: Xosé Luís
authors: XL
authors: Deán-Ben
authors: Genny A
authors: GA
authors: Pang
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Douplik
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Razansky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005246:Feedback; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers
keywords: high-energy shock waves; intraoperative complications; intraoperative monitoring; laser scalpel; laser surgery; operative time; pulsed laser tissue ablation; surgically-created structures