title: d-Phenothrin-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat liver and kidney determined by HPLC-ECD/DAD.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the risk of genotoxicity of d-phenothrin by measuring the oxidative stress it causes in rat liver and kidney. The level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)/10(6) 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) was measured by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array (DAD) and an electrochemical detector (ECD). Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups and one control group of 10 rats/group. d-phenothrin was administered intraperitoneally (IP) to the five experimental groups at 25 mg/kg (Group I), 50 mg/kg (Group II), 66.7 mg/kg (Group III), 100 mg/kg (Group IV), and 200 mg/kg (Group V) for 14 consecutive days, and the control group received only the vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DNA from samples frozen in liquid nitrogen was isolated with a DNA isolation kit. Following digestion with nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hydrolyzed DNA was subjected to HPLC. The dG and 8-oxodG levels were analyzed with a DAD and ECD, respectively. In the experimental groups, the mean 8-oxodG/10(6) dG levels were 48.15 ± 7.43, 68.92 ± 20.66, 82.07 ± 14.15, 85.08 ± 28.50, and 89.14 ± 21.73 in livers and 39.06 ± 7.63, 59.69 ± 14.22, 61.13 ± 17.46, 65.13 ± 23.40, and 72.66 ± 19.04 in kidneys of Groups I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. The mean 8-oxodG/10(6) dG levels in the control groups were 44.96 ± 12.66 for the liver and 39.07 ± 4.80 for the kidney. A statistically significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent increase in oxidative DNA damage was observed in both organs of animals exposed to d-phenothrin when compared to controls. Furthermore, the liver showed a significantly higher level of oxidative DNA damage than the kidney (p < 0.01). In conclusion, d-phenothrin administered to rats intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days generated free radical species in a dose-dependent manner and caused oxidative DNA damage in the liver and kidney.
authors: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, TR-55139, Samsun, Turkey.
authors: Enes
authors: E
authors: Atmaca
authors: Abdurrahman
authors: A
authors: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004563:Electrochemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C006166:phenothrin; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: HPLC-ECD/DAD; d-phenothrin; kidney; liver; oxidative DNA damage