title: Anterior segment photography in pediatric eyes using the Lytro light field handheld noncontact camera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare anterior segment findings identified in young children using digital photographic images from the Lytro light field camera to those observed clinically.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of children <9 years of age with an anterior segment abnormality. Clinically observed anterior segment examination findings for each child were recorded and several digital images of the anterior segment of each eye captured with the Lytro camera. The images were later reviewed by a masked examiner. Sensitivity of abnormal examination findings on Lytro imaging was calculated and compared to the clinical examination as the gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 157 eyes of 80 children (mean age, 4.4 years; range, 0.1-8.9) were included. Clinical examination revealed 206 anterior segment abnormalities altogether: lids/lashes (n = 21 eyes), conjunctiva/sclera (n = 28 eyes), cornea (n = 71 eyes), anterior chamber (n = 14 eyes), iris (n = 43 eyes), and lens (n = 29 eyes). Review of Lytro photographs of eyes with clinically diagnosed anterior segment abnormality correctly identified 133 of 206 (65%) of all abnormalities. Additionally, 185 abnormalities in 50 children were documented at examination under anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Lytro camera was able to document most abnormal anterior segment findings in un-sedated young children. Its unique ability to allow focus change after image capture is a significant improvement on prior technology.
authors: Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors: Inna
authors: I
authors: Marcus
authors: Irene T
authors: IT
authors: Tung
authors: Eniolami O
authors: EO
authors: Dosunmu
authors: Warakorn
authors: W
authors: Thiamthat
authors: Sharon F
authors: SF
authors: Freedman
mesh_terms: D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies