title: Diabetes care and its association with glycosylated hemoglobin level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article examines the associations between patients' source of most help with diabetes care and their glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels. The extent to which differences in A1C by source of most help could be explained by perceived levels of total social support, sociodemographics, and medication adherence were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 205 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who completed a clinic survey that included questions about perceived social support, who provides the most support with their diabetes care, and medication adherence. The most recent A1C was abstracted from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 61 (12.3) years, 43.9% were male, 37.1% African American. After adjustment for age, sex, race, marital status, education, diabetes duration, and medication adherence, the means (95% confidence intervals) A1C by source of most help were 9.4 (8.4-10.4) for nonspouse family or friend, 8.2 (7.3-9.1) for health care worker, 8.2 (7.2-9.1) for self-reliant, and 8.1 (7.1-9.0) for spouse. A1C was significantly higher for nonspouse family or friend compared with all other groups (P < 0.01 for each comparison). Differences in A1C by source of most help could not be explained by differences in total social support or medication adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients reporting a nonspouse family member or friend as their source of most help with their diabetes management had worse glycemic control than patients reporting all other sources of help.
authors: Center for Health Research (CLA, EWH, MKW), Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana; School of Population Health (CLA), University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Ochsner Clinical School (CLA), School of Medicine, University of Queensland, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Epidemiology (EWH, MKW), School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Department of Medicine (MKW), School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
authors: Chad L
authors: CL
authors: Ahia
authors: Elizabeth W
authors: EW
authors: Holt
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Krousel-Wood
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human