title: History independence of steady state in simultaneous two-phase flow through two-dimensional porous media.
abstract: It is well known that the transient behavior during drainage or imbibition in multiphase flow in porous media strongly depends on the history and initial condition of the system. However, when the steady-state regime is reached and both drainage and imbibition take place at the pore level, the influence of the evolution history and initial preparation is an open question. Here, we present an extensive experimental and numerical work investigating the history dependence of simultaneous steady-state two-phase flow through porous media. Our experimental system consists of a Hele-Shaw cell filled with glass beads which we model numerically by a network of disordered pores transporting two immiscible fluids. From measurements of global pressure evolution, histograms of saturation, and cluster-size distributions, we find that when both phases are flowing through the porous medium, the steady state does not depend on the initial preparation of the system or on the way it has been reached.
authors: Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Erpelding
authors: Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Santanu
authors: S
authors: Sinha
authors: Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Ken Tore
authors: KT
authors: Tallakstad
authors: Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Hansen
authors: Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Eirik Grude
authors: EG
authors: Flekkøy
authors: Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Knut Jørgen
authors: KJ
authors: Måløy