title: Statistical shape and appearance models of bones.
abstract: When applied to bones, statistical shape models (SSM) and statistical appearance models (SAM) respectively describe the mean shape and mean density distribution of bones within a certain population as well as the main modes of variations of shape and density distribution from their mean values. The availability of this quantitative information regarding the detailed anatomy of bones provides new opportunities for diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of skeletal diseases. The potential of SSM and SAM has been recently recognized within the bone research community. For example, these models have been applied for studying the effects of bone shape on the etiology of osteoarthritis, improving the accuracy of clinical osteoporotic fracture prediction techniques, design of orthopedic implants, and surgery planning. This paper reviews the main concepts, methods, and applications of SSM and SAM as applied to bone.
authors: Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
authors: Nazli
authors: N
authors: Sarkalkan
authors: Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics & Department of Rheumatology, UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Harrie
authors: H
authors: Weinans
authors: Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.a.zadpoor@tudelft.nl.
authors: Amir A
authors: AA
authors: Zadpoor
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011859:Radiography
keywords: Biomechanical modeling; Bone shape and density distribution; Image processing; Patient-specific models; Statistical models