title: Modification of intestinal microbiota and its consequences for innate immune response in the pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis.
abstract: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne gastroenteritis in the world, and thus one of the most important public health concerns. The initial stage in its pathogenesis after ingestion is to overcome colonization resistance that is maintained by the human intestinal microbiota. But how it overcomes colonization resistance is unknown. Recently developed humanized gnotobiotic mouse models have provided deeper insights into this initial stage and host's immune response. These studies have found that a fat-rich diet modifies the composition of the conventional intestinal microbiota by increasing the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria loads while reducing the Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes loads creating an imbalance that exposes the intestinal epithelial cells to adherence. Upon adherence, deoxycholic acid stimulates C. jejuni to synthesize Campylobacter invasion antigens, which invade the epithelial cells. In response, NF- κ B triggers the maturation of dendritic cells. Chemokines produced by the activated dendritic cells initiate the clearance of C. jejuni cells by inducing the actions of neutrophils, B-lymphocytes, and various subsets of T-cells. This immune response causes inflammation. This review focuses on the progress that has been made on understanding the relationship between intestinal microbiota shift, establishment of C. jejuni infection, and consequent immune response.
authors: UMG-Labor, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany ; UMG-Labor, Institut für Klinische Chemie/Zentrallabor, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Wycliffe Omurwa
authors: WO
authors: Masanta
authors: Markus M
authors: MM
authors: Heimesaat
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Bereswill
authors: Abdul Malik
authors: AM
authors: Tareen
authors: Raimond
authors: R
authors: Lugert
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Groß
authors: Andreas E
authors: AE
authors: Zautner
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004751:Enteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D064307:Microbiota