title: Factors that influence properties of FOG deposits and their formation in sewer collection systems.
abstract: Understanding the formation of Fat, Oil, and Grease (FOG) deposits in sewer systems is critical to the sustainability of sewer collection systems since they have been implicated in causing sewerage blockages that leads to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Recently, FOG deposits in sewer systems displayed strong similarities with calcium-based fatty acid salts as a result of a saponification reaction. The objective of this study was to quantify the factors that may affect the formation of FOG deposits and their chemical and rheological properties. These factors included the types of fats used in FSEs, environmental conditions (i.e. pH and temperature), and the source of calcium in sewer systems. The results of this study showed that calcium content in the calcium based salts seemed to depend on the solubility limit of the calcium source and influenced by pH and temperature conditions. The fatty acid profile of the calcium-based fatty acid salts produced under alkali driven hydrolysis were identical to the profile of the fat source and did not match the profile of field FOG deposits, which displayed a high fraction of palmitic, a long chain saturated fatty acid. It is hypothesized that selective microbial metabolism of fats and/or biologically induced hydrogenation may contribute to the FOG deposit makeup in sewer system. Therefore, selective removal of palmitic in pretreatment processes may be necessary prior to the discharge of FSE wastes into the sewer collection system.
authors: Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
authors: Mahbuba
authors: M
authors: Iasmin
authors: Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
authors: Lisa O
authors: LO
authors: Dean
authors: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
authors: Simon E
authors: SE
authors: Lappi
authors: Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States. Electronic address: jducoste@ncsu.edu.
authors: Joel J
authors: JJ
authors: Ducoste
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D004323:Drainage, Sanitary; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D009821:Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D012212:Rheology; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008670:Metals; D008903:Minerals; D009821:Oils; D012722:Sewage; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Calcium based fatty acid salts; Fat, oil, and grease deposit; Sanitary sewer overflow (SSO)