title: A super-resolution ultrasound method for brain vascular mapping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-resolution vascular imaging has not been achieved in the brain due to limitations of current clinical imaging modalities. The authors present a method for transcranial ultrasound imaging of single micrometer-size bubbles within a tube phantom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emissions from single bubbles within a tube phantom were mapped through an ex vivo human skull using a sparse hemispherical receiver array and a passive beamforming algorithm. Noninvasive phase and amplitude correction techniques were applied to compensate for the aberrating effects of the skull bone. The positions of the individual bubbles were estimated beyond the diffraction limit of ultrasound to produce a super-resolution image of the tube phantom, which was compared with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resulting super-resolution ultrasound image is comparable to results obtained via the micro-CT for small tissue specimen imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method provides superior resolution to deep-tissue contrast ultrasound and has the potential to be extended to provide complete vascular network imaging in the brain.
authors: Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
authors: Meaghan A
authors: MA
authors: O'Reilly
authors: Kullervo
authors: K
authors: Hynynen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016011:Normal Distribution; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D014867:Water