title: The ability of healthy volunteers to simulate a neurologic field defect on automated perimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if volunteers can simulate and reproduce 3 types of neurologic field defects: hemianopia, quadrantanopia, and central scotoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy volunteers new to perimetry (including automated perimetry).
  
  
  METHODS
  After informed consent, volunteers were randomized to 1 of the 3 visual field defects listed above. All visual field testing was performed on the right eye using the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) SITA Fast 24-2 protocol. Each volunteer was provided with standard new patient instructions and was shown a diagram of the defect to be simulated. Two sets of visual fields were performed on the right eye with 10 minutes between tests. Three experts used the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study reading center criteria and determined if the simulation was successful.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of volunteers able to simulate the assigned visual field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 10 volunteers (100%) successfully simulated a hemianopia on the first and second fields. All 10 volunteers (100%) simulated a quadrantanopia on the first field and 9 (90%) did so on the second field. Eight volunteers (80%) successfully simulated a central scotoma in the first field and all 10 (100%) did so on in the second field. Reliability criteria were excellent. Forty-seven fields (78%) had 0 fixation losses, 48 (80%) had 0 false-positive results, and 44 (73%) had 0 false-negative results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is easy to simulate reproducible and reliable neurologic field defects on automated perimetry using HFA.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors: Deepta
authors: D
authors: Ghate
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Bodnarchuk
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors: Sheila
authors: S
authors: Sanders
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors: Sunil
authors: S
authors: Deokule
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. Electronic address: sachinkedar@uky.edu.
authors: Sachin
authors: S
authors: Kedar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006423:Hemianopsia; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012607:Scotoma; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000592:standards*; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult