title: Evaluation of cytogenetic and DNA damage caused by thallium(I) acetate in human blood cells.
abstract: Although thallium is detrimental to all living organisms, information regarding the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of this element and its compounds remains scarce. Therefore, we tested the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of thallium(I) acetate on human peripheral blood cells in vitro using structural chromosomal aberrations (SCAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and single-cell gel electrophoresis (at pH >13 or 12.1) analysis. Whole blood samples were incubated with 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/mL thallium salt. Exposure to this metal compound resulted in a clear dose-dependent reduction in the mitotic and replicative indices. An increase in SCAs was evident in the treated group compared with the control group, and significant differences were observed in the percentage of cells with SCAs when metaphase cells were treated with 0.5-10 µg/mL of thallium(I). The SCE test did not reveal any significant differences. We observed that a 1-h treatment with thallium(I) at pH > 13 significantly increased the comet length for all the concentrations tested; however, at pH 12.1, only the two highest concentrations affected the comet length. These results suggested that thallium(I) acetate induces cytotoxic, cytostatic, and clastogenic effects, as well as DNA damage.
authors: Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UIGTA), Laboratorio L5 PA, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, Ciudad de México, México.
authors: Juan J
authors: JJ
authors: Rodríguez-Mercado
authors: Heriberto
authors: H
authors: Hernández-de la Cruz
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Felipe-Reyes
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Jaramillo-Cruz
authors: Mario A
authors: MA
authors: Altamirano-Lozano
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C026995:thallium acetate
keywords: DNA damage; chromosomal aberrations; mitotic index; replicative index; single-cell gel electrophoresis; sister chromatid exchanges; thallium