title: Spoligotyping and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from five provinces of Iran.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a public health problem in Iran. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in this area will contribute to understand and control the spread of the strains. The aims of this study were to understand the genetic diversity and drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates circulating in Iran and to analyze the relationship between genotype and drug resistance. A total of 291 M. tuberculosis isolates collected from TB patients were genotyped by spoligotyping. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using proportion method. Spoligotyping resulted in 75 distinct patterns. 86.2% of isolates were grouped in 35 clusters while the remaining isolates were unique. Ural was found to be the most predominant lineage (34.3%) followed by Central Asian strain (CAS) (24%), T (18.2%), Manu2 (7.5%) and Latin American-Mediterranean (LAM) (6.1%). The five largest clusters were Ural/Spoligotype International Type (SIT)127 (15.8%), CAS1/SIT26 (9.2%), T1/SIT53 (6.1%), T1/SIT284 (5.4%), and CAS1/SIT25 (4.4%). About 5% of isolates had multidrug resistance (MDR) and 10% had other resistance. MDR was significantly associated with Beijing strains, but not with Ural family. This study highlights dominance of Ural, CAS, and T families in Iran. Biogeographic specificity of CAS and T families to border provinces of Iran including Sistan-Baluchestan and Kermanshah, respectively, suggested that this family strains might be transmitted from these regions to other provinces of the country.
authors: Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mehri
authors: M
authors: Haeili
authors: Davood
authors: D
authors: Darban-Sarokhalil
authors: Abbas Ali Imani
authors: AA
authors: Fooladi
authors: Sedigheh
authors: S
authors: Javadpour
authors: Abdorrazagh
authors: A
authors: Hashemi
authors: Farideh
authors: F
authors: Siavoshi
authors: Mohammad Mehdi
authors: MM
authors: Feizabadi
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058974:Phylogeography; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Iran; MDR-TB; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; spoligotyping.