title: Early results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with polyacrylate polyalcohol copolymer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the early results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children using polyacrylate polyalcohol copolymer (PPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients treated with subureteric injection of PPC in our clinic. The results of voiding cystouretrography performed on the 3rd postoperative month and the results of 1-year follow-up were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 45 patients (57 ureters) underwent injection of PPC. The mean age of the patients was 6.5 years. There were 6 (10.5%) grade 1, 7 (12.2%) grade 2, 26 (45.6%) grade 3, 16 (28%) grade 4, and 2 (3.5%) grade 5 VUR. There were 11 overactive bladders, 2 duplex collecting systems, and 4 posterior urethral valves among the patients. Voiding cystouretrography postoperatively at the 3rd month showed that VUR had disappeared in 82.5% (47/57) of the ureters, downgraded to grade 2 and 3 in 7% (4/57), persisted in 5.2% (3/57) and upgraded in 5.2% (3/57). The success rate at the end of the first year was 98.1%. The procedure was free of complications such as fever, dysuria, lumbar pain or obstruction in all patients. No patient showed VUR recurrence at the end of the first year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The short-term results of our patients suggested that PPC can be safely and successfully used in the endoscopic treatment of VUR in children. However, further prospective, controlled trials showing the long-term results of the patients are needed.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors: Arzu
authors: A
authors: Şencan
authors: Başak
authors: B
authors: Uçan
authors: Hüseyin
authors: H
authors: Evciler
authors: Erkin
authors: E
authors: Serdaroğlu
authors: Münevver
authors: M
authors: Hoşgör
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000438:Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000438:Alcohols; D011108:Polymers; C530415:Vantris