title: Out-of-plane ion concentration polarization for scalable water desalination.
abstract: We present a scalable, out-of-plane desalination approach using ion concentration polarization. A depletion boundary separates salt ions and purified water into distinct vertical layers. The out-of-plane design enables multiplexing in three dimensions, providing the functional density required for practical application. For membrane widths of 125-200 μm, and applied voltage of 5 V, the energy requirement is 4.6 Wh L(-1) for 20 mM solution, and 13.8 Wh L(-1) for 200 mM. Energy efficiency is found to be insensitive to flow rate as the depletion boundary adjusts to yield a commensurate volume of purified water. Scaled-up devices are presented, which have a 3-fold improvement in functional density over planar systems.
authors: Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4. brendan.macdonald@uoit.ca.
authors: Brendan D
authors: BD
authors: MacDonald
authors: Max M
authors: MM
authors: Gong
authors: Pei
authors: P
authors: Zhang
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Sinton
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012492:Salts / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012492:Salts