title: the intestinal expulsion of the roundworm Ascaris suum is associated with eosinophils, intra-epithelial T cells and decreased intestinal transit time.
abstract: Ascaris lumbricoides remains the most common endoparasite in humans, yet there is still very little information available about the immunological principles of protection, especially those directed against larval stages. Due to the natural host-parasite relationship, pigs infected with A. suum make an excellent model to study the mechanisms of protection against this nematode. In pigs, a self-cure reaction eliminates most larvae from the small intestine between 14 and 21 days post infection. In this study, we investigated the mucosal immune response leading to the expulsion of A. suum and the contribution of the hepato-tracheal migration. Self-cure was independent of previous passage through the liver or lungs, as infection with lung stage larvae did not impair self-cure. When animals were infected with 14-day-old intestinal larvae, the larvae were being driven distally in the small intestine around 7 days post infection but by 18 days post infection they re-inhabited the proximal part of the small intestine, indicating that more developed larvae can counter the expulsion mechanism. Self-cure was consistently associated with eosinophilia and intra-epithelial T cells in the jejunum. Furthermore, we identified increased gut movement as a possible mechanism of self-cure as the small intestinal transit time was markedly decreased at the time of expulsion of the worms. Taken together, these results shed new light on the mechanisms of self-cure that occur during A. suum infections.
authors: Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors: Dries
authors: D
authors: Masure
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Johnny
authors: J
authors: Vlaminck
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Claerhoudt
authors: Koen
authors: K
authors: Chiers
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Van den Broeck
authors: Jimmy
authors: J
authors: Saunders
authors: Jozef
authors: J
authors: Vercruysse
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Geldhof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001196:Ascariasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D017165:Ascaris suum / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D013552:Swine; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors