title: Growth factor and proteinase profile of Vivostat® platelet-rich fibrin linked to tissue repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF(®)) is prepared by the automatic Vivostat(®) system. Conflicting results with Vivostat PRF in acute wound healing prompted us to examine its cellular and biomolecular composition. Specifically, platelets, selected growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were quantified using novel analytical methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy non-thrombocytopenic volunteers donated blood for generation of intermediate fibrin-I and final PRF. Anticoagulated whole blood and serum procured in parallel served as baseline controls. Leucocyte, erythrocyte and platelet counts in whole blood and fibrin-I were determined by automated haematology analyser. Platelet concentration in PRF was quantified manually by stereologic analysis of Giemsa-stained tissue sections, and the total content of five growth factors and MMP-9 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of leucocytes and erythrocytes was reduced (P < 0·001), whereas platelets increased (P < 0·001) in fibrin-I versus whole blood. PRF contained 982 ± 206 × 10(9) platelets/l representing 3·9-fold (P < 0·001) enrichment relative to whole blood. Growth factor abundance in Vivostat PRF and serum was in descending order: transforming growth factor-β1 [5·1-fold higher in PRF than serum, P < 0·001] > platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB [2·5-fold, P < 0·01] > PDGF-BB [1·6-fold, P < 0·05] > vascular endothelial growth factor > basic fibroblast growth factor [75-fold, P < 0·001]. MMP-9 was reduced 139-fold (P < 0·001) compared with serum, reflecting leucocyte depletion in PRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gained knowledge on platelet enrichment and biomolecular constituents may guide clinicians in their optimal use of Vivostat PRF for tissue regenerative applications.
authors: Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Agren
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Rasmussen
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Pakkenberg
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000077214:Becaplermin; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005337:Fibrin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C095477:platelet-derived growth factor AB; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D000077214:Becaplermin; D005337:Fibrin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: cellular therapy; cytokine; platelet concentrates; proteinase; wound healing