title: The analysis of enhancement pattern of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the characterization of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 36 cases of histopathologically diagnosed IPT. Nodule enhancement appearances during the arterial, portal, and delayed phases were defined as hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, hypoenhancement, and non-enhancement compared with the surrounding liver parenchyma. Statistical analysis was performed by the one-way ANOVA and χ (2) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among total 36 cases, 7 nodules were absent of contrast enhancement during all three phrases on CEUS. Twenty-nine nodules appeared different forms of enhancement in arterial phase. Diffuse homogeneous hyperenhancement, diffuse heterogeneous hyperenhancement, peripheral rim-like enhancement, and diffuse iso-enhancement were found in 10, 12, 5, and 2 of the nodules, respectively. Twenty-five nodules showed hypoenhancement in portal and delayed phases. Four nodules showed contrast washed out synchronously with normal liver parenchyma. The median time to enhancement, median time to peak, and median time to wash out of the nodules were 17 s (range 11-28 s), 23 s (range 14-42 s), and 45 s (range 23-100 s), respectively. No statistical significant differences were found in the above parameters of nodule enhancement and proportion of enhancement patterns when dividing the nodules into subgroups by nodule size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPT displays a variety of enhancement patterns due to pathological changes in the course of disease progression. Some characteristics on CEUS may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of IPT.
authors: Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China, breezewen@163.com.
authors: Wen-Tao
authors: WT
authors: Kong
authors: Wen-Ping
authors: WP
authors: Wang
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Cai
authors: Bei-Jian
authors: BJ
authors: Huang
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Ding
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Mao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D018450:Disease Progression; D006104:Granuloma, Plasma Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media