title: Evaluating pyrene toxicity on Arctic key copepod species Calanus hyperboreus.
abstract: Calanus hyperboreus is a key species in the Arctic regions because of its abundance and role in the Arctic food web. Exploitation of the off shore oil reserves along Western Greenland is expected in the near future, and it is important to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of oil emissions to the ecosystem. In this study C. hyperboreus females were exposed to concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nM pyrene and saturated concentrations measured to ~300 nM. Daily quantification of egg and faecal pellet production showed significant decreases in the pellet production, while the egg production was unaffected. The hatching success was also unaffected, although the total reproductive output was reduced with increased pyrene concentrations. Accumulation of pyrene in the copepods was higher in feeding than starving females and only trace amounts of the phase I metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene, were found. Lowered reproductive output, reduced grazing, and reduced ability to metabolize pyrene suggest that oil contamination may constitute a risk to C. hyperboreus recruitment, energy transfer in the food web and transfer of pyrene to higher trophic levels.
authors: Section of Oceanography and Climate, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kavalergården 6, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
authors: Rasmus Dyrmose
authors: RD
authors: Nørregaard
authors: Torkel Gissel
authors: TG
authors: Nielsen
authors: Eva Friis
authors: EF
authors: Møller
authors: Jakob
authors: J
authors: Strand
authors: Laila
authors: L
authors: Espersen
authors: Malene
authors: M
authors: Møhl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D033342:Copepoda / Q000187:drug effects*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D006116:Greenland; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011721:Pyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C030984:pyrene; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene