title: Cardiometabolic risk factors and fat distribution in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if cardiometabolic risk factors have differential associations with the proportion of fat distributed in the trunk, leg, and arm, in White and African American children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 391 White and African American 5- to 18 year-olds. Total and regional (trunk, leg, and arm) fat were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Resting blood pressure and fasting triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein were measured in a clinical setting. Insulin resistance was determined with the homeostatic model of insulin resistance. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to examine associations between each cardiometabolic risk factor and proportion of fat (trunk, leg, or arm fat divided by whole body fat), with whole body fat, age, sex, race, sexual maturity status, and self-reported physical activity as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher odds of low HDL-C, high triglycerides, insulin resistance, and high C-reactive protein were associated with % trunk fat. Lower odds of low HDL-C, high triglycerides, and insulin resistance were associated with % leg fat. No cardiometabolic risk factor was associated with % arm fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents were attenuated when a larger proportion of fat was distributed in the leg. The clinical assessment of children's fat distribution may be useful in determining cardiometabolic risk.
authors: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
authors: Amanda E
authors: AE
authors: Staiano
authors: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; Our Lady of the Lake Physician Group Senior Care Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
authors: Alok K
authors: AK
authors: Gupta
authors: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. Electronic address: Peter.Katzmarzyk@pbrc.edu.
authors: Peter T
authors: PT
authors: Katzmarzyk
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D060726:Torso; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D034941:Upper Extremity; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein