title: Performance of repetitive alternating elbow movements in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bradydiadochokinesia is one main clinical symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). The pathogenesis of bradydiadochokinesia is not completely clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with IPD and 15 age-matched healthy volunteers had to perform rhythmic alternating flexion and extension movements in the elbow joint. The rhythm was provided auditorily by a click tone stimulator. Six maneuvers (spatial extents of 48 and 83° at frequencies of 0.45, 0.75 and 1.25 Hz) had to be absolved. The potentiometer converted the horizontal forearm movements into a variable voltage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of single movements varied more significantly in patients than in controls (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). Patients executed all conditions more slowly than controls, but this difference was only significant at the most difficult condition (83° at 1.25 Hz; p < 0.01). The movement amplitudes or their variability were not significantly different at any condition. No parameter correlated significantly with the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) or with the duration of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An insufficient temporal coordination contributes to bradydiadochokinesia in IPD. This deficit occurs independently of other parkinsonian cardinal motor symptoms.
authors: Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Spiegel
authors: Igna
authors: I
authors: Uhrig
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Krick
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Behnke
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Fassbender
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Dillmann
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004550:Elbow / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors