title: [The combined effects of insulin and selenium in improving insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the combined effects of insulin and selenium in improving the physiological parameters and insulin signal transduction in the skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal, diabetes, diabetes with insulin treatment (D-In group), diabetes with sodium selenite treatment (D-In-S group), and diabetes with insulin and sodium combination treatment (D-In-Se group), 7 rats in each group. The levels of blood glucose were measured using One Touch Sure Step Blood Glucose Meter. HbA1C levels were measured using microcolumn assay. The levels of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin combined with selenium could significantly lower blood glucose levels and markedly restore the diminished expression of in IRS-1, PI3K and GLUT4 levels in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was positive cooperativity between insulin and selenium in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The combined treatment of insulin and selenium may decrease blood glucose by upregulating IRS-1, PI3K and GLUT4 levels in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
authors: Tianjiao
authors: T
authors: Xu
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Meng
authors: Jurong
authors: J
authors: Zeng
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Man
authors: M
authors: Mi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D012643:Selenium