title: Essential role of thioredoxin 2 in mitigating oxidative stress in retinal epithelial cells.
abstract: The retina is constantly subjected to oxidative stress, which is countered by potent antioxidative systems present in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Disruption of these systems leads to the development of age-related macular degeneration. Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) is a potent antioxidant, which acts directly on mitochondria. In the present study, oxidative stress was induced in the human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) using 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) or C2-ceramide. The protective effect of Trx2 against oxidative stress was investigated by assessing cell viability, the kinetics of cell death, mitochondrial metabolic activity, and expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in Trx2-overexpressing cell lines generated by transfecting ARPE cells with an adeno-associated virus vector encoding Trx2. We show that overexpression of Trx2 reduced cell death induced by both agents when they were present in low concentrations. Moreover, early after the induction of oxidative stress Trx2 played a key role in the maintenance of the cell viability through upregulation of mitochondrial metabolic activity and inhibition of Hsp70 expression.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.
authors: Eriko
authors: E
authors: Sugano
authors: Namie
authors: N
authors: Murayama
authors: Maki
authors: M
authors: Takahashi
authors: Kitako
authors: K
authors: Tabata
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Tamai
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Tomita