title: Orthodontic bonding to porcelain: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use a systematic review to determine which materials and technique/protocol present the highest success rate in bonding brackets to porcelain surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Different databases were searched without limitations up to July 2013. Additionally, the bibliographies of the finally selected articles were hand searched to identify any relevant publications that were not identified earlier. In vitro and in vivo articles were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No in vivo articles were found that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 45 in vitro articles met all inclusion criteria. They were published between 2000 to July 2013.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best protocol described in this review is the etching of 9.6% hydrofluoric acid for 1 minute, rinsed for 30 seconds, and then air-dried. The etching of hydrofluoric acid should be followed by an application of silane. Considering the harmful effects of etching with hydrofluoric acid, another appropriate suggestion is mechanical roughening with sandblasting followed by an application of silane.
authors: a  Undergraduate student, Faculty of Science, Concordia University College of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Gursimrit K
authors: GK
authors: Grewal Bach
authors: Ysidora
authors: Y
authors: Torrealba
authors: Manuel O
authors: MO
authors: Lagravère
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D012821:Silanes; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid