title: Folivory affects composition of nectar, floral odor and modifies pollinator behavior.
abstract: Herbivory induces changes in plants that influence the associated insect community. The present study addresses the potential trade-off between plant phytochemical responses to insect herbivory and interactions with pollinators. We used a multidisciplinary approach and have combined field and greenhouse experiments to investigate effects of herbivory in plant volatile emission, nectar production, and pollinator behavior, when Pieris brassicae caterpillars were allowed to feed only on the leaves of Brassica nigra plants. Interestingly, volatile emission by flowers changed upon feeding by herbivores on the leaves, whereas, remarkably, volatile emission by leaves did not significantly differ between infested and non-infested flowering plants. The frequency of flower visits by pollinators was generally not influenced by herbivory, but the duration of visits by honeybees and butterflies was negatively affected by herbivore damage to leaves. Shorter duration of pollinator visits could be beneficial for a plant, because it sustains pollen transfer between flowers while reducing nectar consumption per visit. Thus, no trade-off between herbivore-induced plant responses and pollination was evident. The effects of herbivore-induced plant responses on pollinator behavior underpin the importance of including ecological factors, such as herbivore infestation, in studies of the ecology of plant pollination.
authors: Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Maaike
authors: M
authors: Bruinsma
authors: Dani
authors: D
authors: Lucas-Barbosa
authors: Cindy J M
authors: CJ
authors: ten Broeke
authors: Nicole M
authors: NM
authors: van Dam
authors: Teris A
authors: TA
authors: van Beek
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Dicke
authors: Joop J A
authors: JJ
authors: van Loon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology*; D060434:Herbivory / Q000187:drug effects*; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D009812:Odorants; D018515:Plant Leaves; D057048:Plant Nectar / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D054817:Pollination; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D057048:Plant Nectar; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds