title: ABCD3 and ABCD3-I scores are superior to ABCD2 score in the prediction of short- and long-term risks of stroke after transient ischemic attack.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several risk scores have been developed to predict the stroke risk after transient ischemic attack (TIA). However, the validation of these scores in different cohorts is still limited. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether these scores were able to predict short-term and long-term risks of stroke in patients with TIA.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Fukuoka Stroke Registry, 693 patients with TIA were followed up for 3 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the hazard ratio of risk factors for stroke. The discriminatory ability of each risk score for incident stroke was estimated by using C-statistics and continuous net reclassification improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model revealed that dual TIA and carotid stenosis were both significant predictors for stroke after TIA, whereas abnormal diffusion-weighted image was not. ABCD3 (C-statistics 0.61) and ABCD3-I (C-statistics 0.66) scores improved the short-term predictive ability for stroke (at 7 days) compared with the ABCD2 score (C-statistics 0.54). Addition of intracranial arterial stenosis (at 3 years, continuous net reclassification improvement 30.5%; P<0.01) and exclusion of abnormal diffusion-weighted imaging (at 3 years, continuous net reclassification improvement 24.0%; P<0.05) further improved the predictive ability for stroke risk until 3 years after TIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that ABCD3 and ABCD3-I scores are superior to the ABCD2 score for the prediction of subsequent stroke in patients with TIA. Addition of neuroimaging in the ABCD3 score may enable prediction of long-term stroke risk after TIA.
authors: From the Departments of Medicine and Clinical Science (T. Kiyohara, Y.K., T.N., J.H., S.Y., T.A., T. Kitazono), Health Care Administration and Management (M.K.), and Environmental Medicine (T.N., J.H.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Strokology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (M.K., T.A., T. Kitazono); Department of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurology, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (S.Y.); and Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Cerebrovascular Center and Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.O.).
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Kiyohara
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Kamouchi
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Kumai
authors: Toshiharu
authors: T
authors: Ninomiya
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Hata
authors: Sohei
authors: S
authors: Yoshimura
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Ago
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Okada
authors: Takanari
authors: T
authors: Kitazono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059906:Neuroimaging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: ABCD2 score; prognosis; stroke; transient ischemic attack