title: Hepatic glucose uptake is increased in association with elevated serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subjects with fatty liver disease (FLD) can show increased hepatic 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake, but the role of hepatic inflammation has not been explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether hepatic inflammatory response, as implicated by elevated serum markers, is associated with increased liver FDG uptake in FLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver sonography and FDG positron emission tomography was performed in 331 asymptomatic men with nonalcoholic FLD (NAFLD), 122 with alcoholic FLD (AFLD), and 349 controls. Mean standard uptake value (SUV) of liver FDG uptake was compared to cardiac risk factors and serum markers of liver injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic FDG mean SUV was increased in NAFLD (2.40 ± 0.25) and AFLD groups (2.44 ± 0.25) compared to controls (2.28 ± 0.26; both P < 0.001). Both FLD groups also had higher serum γ-glutamylranspeptidase (GGT), triglyceride (TG), hepatic transaminases, and LDL. High GGT and TG levels were independent determinants of increased FDG uptake for both FLD groups. Hepatic mean SUV significantly increased with high compared to low GGT for NAFLD (2.48 ± 0.28 vs. 2.37 ± 0.24), AFLD (2.51 ± 0.27 vs. 2.39 ± 0.23), and control groups (2.39 ± 0.22 vs. 2.26 ± 0.26). High TG increased hepatic mean SUV in AFLD and control groups. Furthermore, serum GGT and TG levels significantly correlated to hepatic mean SUV in all three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic FDG uptake is closely associated with elevated TG and GGT regardless of the presence of FLD. Thus, inflammation response may play a major role in increased hepatic glucose uptake.
authors: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Sun-pyo
authors: SP
authors: Hong
authors: Tae Soo
authors: TS
authors: Noh
authors: Seung-Hwan
authors: SH
authors: Moon
authors: Young Seok
authors: YS
authors: Cho
authors: Eun Jeong
authors: EJ
authors: Lee
authors: Joon Young
authors: JY
authors: Choi
authors: Byung-Tae
authors: BT
authors: Kim
authors: Kyung-Han
authors: KH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D005235:Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014280:Triglycerides; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase