title: The place of new oral anticoagulants in travel medicine.
abstract: New oral anticoagulants are increasingly used instead of vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins. Hence, more individuals treated with new oral anticoagulants will seek travel medicine advice. Travel medicine experts should therefore become familiar with new oral anticoagulants and with their impact and role in travel medicine. This review summarizes pharmacological characteristics and approved indications of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, and highlights their relevance for travellers on permanent oral anticoagulation and for the prophylaxis of travellers' thrombosis. Compared to vitamin K antagonists, the new oral anticoagulants have many advantages: they do not have interactions with food, they have lower potential for drug-drug interactions and do not require regularly performed laboratory tests. The oral administration, obviating the need to carry needles and syringes during travel may give the new oral anticoagulants a further advantage over low molecular weight heparins. Clinical experience with the new oral anticoagulants, however, is still rather limited and there is concern regarding the clinical management of patients treated with new oral anticoagulants who suffer from severe bleeding or who need urgent invasive procedures. Overall, it remains an individual decision based on a risk/benefit analysis as to whether or not patients on long-term treatment with vitamin K antagonists should be switched to new oral anticoagulants for intended travel. Further caution is also indicated so that the availability of orally administered new anticoagulants should not lead to undifferentiated and unjustified prescription of anticoagulants for the prophylaxis of traveller's thrombosis.
authors: Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: Juergen.Ringwald@uk-erlangen.de.
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Ringwald
authors: Medical Clinic 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Grauer
authors: Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Reinhold
authors: R
authors: Eckstein
authors: Berlin Centre for Travel & Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Jelinek
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069604:Dabigatran; D006801:Humans; D009025:Morpholines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011728:Pyridones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D057236:Travel Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D009025:Morpholines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011728:Pyridones; D013876:Thiophenes; D015091:beta-Alanine; C522181:apixaban; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D000069604:Dabigatran
keywords: Anticoagulation; Apixaban; Dabigatran; Rivaroxaban; Traveller's thrombosis