title: Rhinocerebral zygomycosis with pansinusitis in a 14-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zygomycosis is a rare life-threatening fungal infection affecting mostly patients with predisposing conditions such as diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency, haemochromatosis or major trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis in a girl with type 1 diabetes and review previous published cases and treatment options.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 14-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus occurred with dental pain, facial swelling, ecchymosis and left eye decreased visual acuity, unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. The cultures of the sinusal mucosa were positive for fungal species belonging to the Zygomycetes. She performed antifungal therapy with posaconazole (POS) with a very slow improvement and a poor glycemic control, leading to blindness of the left eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our report adds further awareness on rhinocerebral zygomycosis and emphasizes on urgent diagnosis and timely management of this potentially fatal fungal infection through an adequate treatment.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy. dicoste.annalisa@gmail.com.
authors: Annalisa
authors: A
authors: di Coste
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Costantino
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Tarani
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Savastano
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Di Biasi
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Schiavi
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Ernesti
authors: Taulant
authors: T
authors: Melengu
authors: Marzia
authors: M
authors: Duse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001766:Blindness / Q000209:etiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016469:Fungemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D016921:Meningitis, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D035583:Rare Diseases; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020096:Zygomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014230:Triazoles; C101425:posaconazole