title: Dyspepsia and gastric emptying in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyspepsia is common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and its association with delayed gastric emptying is not well established. We assessed the association of dyspepsia with gastric emptying time in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dyspepsia was assessed through the Porto Alegre Dyspeptic Symptoms Questionnaire (PADYQ). PADYQ's scores ≥ 6 classified participants as dyspeptic. The octanoic acid breath test using ¹³carbon was employed to assess the gastric emptying time. Based on the test, time in minutes to metabolize the first half of the ¹³carbon in the test meal (t1/2) was calculated. Association of dyspepsia with gastric emptying time was tested by the correlation between PADYQ scores and t1/2, and also by comparing t1/2 between dyspeptics and non-dyspeptics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 34 (68.0%) dyspeptic patients. Dyspepsia score was positively correlated with t1/2 (r = 0.366; p = 0.009). Dyspeptics had longer t1/2 compared to non-dyspeptics, respectively, 238.0 ± 92.9 versus 185.5 ± 45.5 minutes (p = 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed gastric emptying was associated with dyspepsia. Prokinetic medications could have a role in preventing or relieving dyspeptic symptoms among HD patients. Future research in larger samples is necessary to confirm this association.
authors: Luiz Derwal
authors: LD
authors: Salles Junior
authors: Sobral School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte, 100 - CEP 62,042-280, Sobral, CE, Brazil. prsantos@fortalnet.com.br.
authors: Paulo Roberto
authors: PR
authors: Santos
authors: Armênio Aguiar
authors: AA
authors: dos Santos
authors: Marcellus Henrique Loiola Ponte
authors: MH
authors: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome