title: The analytical framework of water and armed conflict: a focus on the 2006 Summer War between Israel and Lebanon.
abstract: This paper develops an analytical framework to investigate the relationship between water and armed conflict, and applies it to the 'Summer War' of 2006 between Israel and Lebanon (Hezbollah). The framework broadens and deepens existing classifications by assessing the impact of acts of war as indiscriminate or targeted, and evaluating them in terms of international norms and law, in particular International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In the case at hand, the relationship is characterised by extensive damage in Lebanon to drinking water infrastructure and resources. This is seen as a clear violation of the letter and the spirit of IHL, while the partial destruction of more than 50 public water towers compromises water rights and national development goals. The absence of pre-war environmental baselines makes it difficult to gauge the impact on water resources, suggesting a role for those with first-hand knowledge of the hostilities to develop a more effective response before, during, and after armed conflict.
authors: Reader, Water Security Research Centre, School of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom.
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Zeitoun
authors: Karim
authors: K
authors: Eid-Sabbagh
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Loveless
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D060766:Drinking Water; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007557:Israel; D007861:Lebanon; D012621:Seasons; D014857:Warfare; D062066:Water Resources; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water
keywords: Israel-Lebanon 2006 Summer War; humanitarian intervention; urban armed conflict; urban water; water and war; water conflict; water security