title: Alcohol and tobacco use among maltreated and non-maltreated adolescents in a birth cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines whether child maltreatment experience predicts adolescent tobacco and alcohol use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were participants in the Mater-University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a birth cohort of 7223, of whom 5158 (71.4%) were available for analysis at the 14-year follow-up. Child protection history was obtained from the state's child protection agency and confidentially linked. Exposure to reported child maltreatment was the primary predictor variable. The outcome variables were self-reported smoking and alcohol use. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reported child maltreatment was associated with early adolescent smoking [odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-2.34] after adjustment for socio-demographic variables and coexisting alcohol use. Both neglect/emotional abuse (OR 2.03, 95% CI = 1.20-3.42) and neglect/emotional abuse that included physical abuse (OR 1.85, 95% CI = 1.19-2.88) were associated with smoking after full adjustment, including for coexisting alcohol use. After full adjustment, including coexisting smoking, only child neglect/emotional abuse predicted early adolescent alcohol use (OR 1.78, 95% CI = 1.06-2.97), but not the other types of maltreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported child maltreatment predicts early adolescent smoking after adjusting for alcohol use, but does not predict alcohol use after adjustment for smoking. Both smoking and alcohol use are predicted by reported child neglect. Early adolescent smoking is also predicted by multi-type maltreatment that includes physical abuse.
authors: School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, Loganholme DC, Qld, Australia.
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Mills
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Alati
authors: Lane
authors: L
authors: Strathearn
authors: Jake M
authors: JM
authors: Najman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Alcohol; birth cohort; child abuse; child maltreatment; child neglect; tobacco