title: Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances the resistance of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to radiation-induced aging in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the radiation-induced aging of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) in mice and the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) or normal saline (NS) for 7 d, followed by exposure to 6.5 Gy X-ray total body irradiation. A sham-irradiated group was treated with NS but without irradiation. Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs were isolated and purified from their bone marrow using MACS. DNA damage was detected on d 1. The changes of anti-oxidative activities, senescence-related markers senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and mixed colony-forming unit (CFU-mix), P16(INK4a) and P21(Cip1/Waf1) expression on d 7, and cell cycle were examined on d 1, d 3, and d 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The irradiation caused dramatic reduction in the number of Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs on d 1 and the number barely recovered until d 7 compared to the sham-irradiated group. The irradiation significantly decreased SOD activity, increased MDA contents and caused DNA damage in Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs. Moreover, the irradiation significantly increased SA-β-gal staining, reduced CFU-mix forming, increased the expression of P16(INK4a) and P21(Cip1/Waf1) in the core positions of the cellular senescence signaling pathways and caused G1 phase arrest of Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs. Administration of ginsenoside Rg1 caused small, but significant recovery in the number of Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs on d 3 and d 7. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg1 significantly attenuated all the irradiation-induced changes in Sca-1(+) HSC/HPCs, including oxidative stress reaction, DNA damage, senescence-related markers and cellular senescence signaling pathways and cell cycle, etc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of ginsenoside Rg1 enhances the resistance of HSC/HPCs to ionizing radiation-induced senescence in mice by inhibiting the oxidative stress reaction, reducing DNA damage, and regulating the cell cycle.
authors: Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Cui
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Xin-yi
authors: XY
authors: Mu
authors: Department of Histology and Embryology, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Shun
authors: Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Geng
authors: Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Jian-wei
authors: JW
authors: Wang
authors: Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Tin-yu
authors: TY
authors: Li
authors: Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors: Ya-Ping
authors: YP
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011897:Random Allocation; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1