title: NOD proteins: regulators of inflammation in health and disease.
abstract: Entry of bacteria into host cells is an important virulence mechanism. Through peptidoglycan recognition, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and NOD2 enable detection of intracellular bacteria and promote their clearance through initiation of a pro-inflammatory transcriptional programme and other host defence pathways, including autophagy. Recent findings have expanded the scope of the cellular compartments monitored by NOD1 and NOD2 and have elucidated the signalling pathways that are triggered downstream of NOD activation. In vivo, NOD1 and NOD2 have complex roles, both during bacterial infection and at homeostasis. The association of alleles that encode constitutively active or constitutively inactive forms of NOD2 with different diseases highlights this complexity and indicates that a balanced level of NOD signalling is crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
authors: 1] Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada. [2].
authors: Dana J
authors: DJ
authors: Philpott
authors: 1] Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada. [2].
authors: Matthew T
authors: MT
authors: Sorbara
authors: Susan J
authors: SJ
authors: Robertson
authors: Institute of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Croitoru
authors: 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada. [2].
authors: Stephen E
authors: SE
authors: Girardin
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D053472:Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan