title: Pesticide residues in grain from Kazakhstan and potential health risks associated with exposure to detected pesticides.
abstract: This paper presents the first study of pesticide residue results in grain from Kazakhstan. A total of 80 samples: barley, oat, rye, and wheat were collected and tested in the accredited laboratory. Among 180 pesticides, 10 active substances were detected. Banned pesticides, such as DDTs, γ-HCH, aldrin and diazinon were found in cereal grain. Chlorpyrifos methyl and pirimiphos methyl were the most frequently detected residues. No residues were found in 77.5% of the samples, 13.75% contained pesticide residues at or below MRLs, and 8.75% above MRLs. The greatest percentage of samples with residues (29%) was noted for wheat, and the lowest for rye (20%). Obtained data were used to estimate potential health risks associated with exposure to these pesticides. The highest estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were as follows: 789% of the ADI for aldrin (wheat) and 49.8% of the ADI for pirimiphos methyl (wheat and rye). The acute risk from aldrin and tebuconazole in wheat was 315.9% and 98.7% ARfD, respectively. The results show that despite the highest EDIs of pesticide residues in cereals, the current situation could not be considered a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, an investigation into continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in grain is recommended.
authors: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: B.Lozowicka@iorpib.poznan.pl.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Lozowicka
authors: Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kaczynski
authors: Kazakh National Agrarian University, Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Abaya 8, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
authors: Capital A Cyrillic Е
authors: CA
authors: Paritova
authors: Kazakh National Agrarian University, Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Abaya 8, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
authors: G B
authors: GB
authors: Kuzembekova
authors: Kazakh National Agrarian University, Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Abaya 8, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Abzhalieva
authors: Kazakh National Agrarian University, Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, Abaya 8, 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
authors: N B
authors: NB
authors: Sarsembayeva
authors: Kostanay State University A. Baitursynov, Department of Veterinary Sanitary Examination and Hygiene, A. Baitursynova 47, 110000 Kostanay, Kazakhstan.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Alihan
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011786:Quality Control; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: Cereals; Gas chromatography; Health standards; Kazakhstan; Pesticide residues