title: Sclerosing bone dysplasias with involvement of the craniofacial skeleton.
abstract: In this review we provide a complete overview of the existing sclerosing bone dysplasias with craniofacial involvement. Clinical presentation, disease course, the craniofacial symptoms, genetic transmission pattern and pathophysiology are discussed. There is an emphasis on radiologic features with a large collection of CT and MRI images. In previous reviews the craniofacial area of the sclerosing bone dysplasias was underexposed. However, craniofacial symptoms are often the first symptoms to address a physician. The embryology of the skull and skull base is explained and illustrated for a better understanding of the affected areas.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: J.Waterval@gmail.com.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Waterval
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium. Electronic address: Vere.Borra@ua.ac.be.
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Borra
authors: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium. Electronic address: wim.vanhul@ua.ac.be.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Van Hul
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Robert.stokroos@mumc.nl.
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Stokroos
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: JJManni@zonnet.nl.
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Manni
mesh_terms: D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010026:Osteosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Anatomy; Bone dysplasia; Craniofacial; Embryology; Hyperostosis