title: A cognitive behavioral smoking abstinence intervention for adults with chronic pain: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
abstract: Current evidence suggests it may be difficult for patients with chronic pain to quit smoking and, based on previous formative work, a 7-session individual and group-based cognitive behavioral (CB) intervention was developed. The primary aim of this randomized controlled pilot trial was to test the hypothesis that abstinence at month 6 would be greater among patients with chronic pain who received the CB intervention compared to a control condition. Upon admission to a 3-week interdisciplinary pain treatment (IPT) program, patients were randomized to receive the CB intervention (n=30) or the control condition (n=30). The 7-day point prevalence of self-reported smoking status was assessed at week 3 (upon completion of the 3-week IPT program) and at month 6 in an intent-to-treat analysis. At week 3, 30% (n=9) of patients in the CB condition were abstinent from smoking compared to 10% (n=3) in the control group (P=.104). At month 6, 20% (n=6) of patients who received the CB intervention were abstinent compared to none in the control group (P=.024). At week 3, a significant group by time interaction effect was found where the CB patients experienced greater improvements in self-efficacy from baseline compared to the control group (P=.002). A greater proportion of patients randomized to the CB group completed the IPT program (P=.052). The findings of this pilot trial suggest that integration of a CB-based smoking abstinence intervention into ongoing pain therapy may be an effective treatment for smokers with chronic pain.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States. Electronic address: hooten.william@mayo.edu.
authors: W Michael
authors: WM
authors: Hooten
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: Cynthia O
authors: CO
authors: Townsend
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: J Taylor
authors: JT
authors: Hays
authors: Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: Kaye L
authors: KL
authors: Ebnet
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: Thomas R
authors: TR
authors: Gauvin
authors: Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: Jessica M
authors: JM
authors: Gehin
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: Heidi J
authors: HJ
authors: Laures
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: Christi A
authors: CA
authors: Patten
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States.
authors: David O
authors: DO
authors: Warner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Chronic pain; Cognitive behavioral; Randomized controlled trial; Smoking abstinence