title: A randomized trial of telephone-based motivational interviewing for adolescent chronic headache with medication overuse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nearly 2% of youths suffer from chronic migraine or chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). A contributing factor in approximately 20%-50% of these youths is medication overuse, which involves taking analgesics three or more times per week for three months. The objective of this study was to test motivational interviewing (MI) as an approach to promote adherence to recommendations regarding not only analgesic overuse but also other aspects of treatment plans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing the experimental condition (standard of care clinic-based treatment with supplemental MI phone calls; N = 24) to a control condition (standard of care clinic-based treatment without these supplemental MI phone calls; N = 23). Four months after enrollment, a research assistant who was blinded to study condition telephoned adolescents inquiring about headache frequency, headache severity, and disability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Headache frequency was lower in the experimental condition versus control condition for those with relatively lower initial levels of headache frequency. In contrast, we did not find greater improvement in headache severity and disability for the experimental condition relative to the control condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provided some preliminary, albeit limited, support for MI as an approach to improve outcomes for adolescent medication-overuse headache (MOH).
authors: Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA.
authors: Jack
authors: J
authors: Stevens
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Hayes
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Pakalnis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D062405:Motivational Interviewing / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Adolescent; chronic daily headache; motivational interviewing