title: Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PRL-3 is a member of phosphatases of regenerating liver family, characterized by phosphatase active domain and C-terminal prenylation motif. Overexpression of PRL-3 has been implicated in multiple cancers. Here we examined the clinical significance of PRL-3 in gastric cancer together with its metastatic biological functions utilizing different structural mutants.
  
  
  METHODS
  PRL-3 expression was analyzed immunohistochemically in 196 gastric cancer patients and 21 cases of liver metastasis. A series of wild type PRL-3 or its mutant plasmids were expressed in BGC823 cells to investigate the relationship between its catalytic activity, cellular localization and metastatic potential in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive staining of PRL-3 was observed in 19.4% (38/196) gastric cancer tissues compared with 76.2% (16/21) in liver metastasis. Statistical analysis revealed that PRL-3 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion (P<0.05). Patients with high PRL-3 expression showed poorer 5-year overall survival (P=0.011). Wild type PRL-3 expressing cells resulted in enhanced migration and invasion ability, which were greatly crippled in form of PRL-3(C104S) or PRL-3(ΔCAAX) mutants accompanied with its alteration in subcellular localization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metastasis associated protein PRL-3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in human gastric cancer. Both the phosphatase catalytic activity and cellular localization are critical for its function.
authors: Xiaofang
authors: X
authors: Xing
authors: Shenyi
authors: S
authors: Lian
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Ziyu
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Lianhai
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Xianzi
authors: X
authors: Wen
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Du
authors: Yongning
authors: Y
authors: Jia
authors: Zhixue
authors: Z
authors: Zheng
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Meng
authors: Department of gastrointestinal translational research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, #52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100142, China. scc@bjcancer.org.
authors: Chengchao
authors: C
authors: Shou
authors: Jiafu
authors: J
authors: Ji
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C484730:PTP4A3 protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases