title: Isolation and characterisation of two cDNAs encoding transglutaminase from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
abstract: Two cDNAs encoding transglutaminase (TG) were identified in a subtractive cDNA library prepared from the head kidney of poly I:C stimulated Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Full-length TG-1 and TG-2 cDNA were cloned from the head kidney by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence for TG-1 was 695 aa with an estimated molecular mass of 78.3 kDa, while TG-2 was a 698 aa protein with an estimated molecular mass of 78.8 kDa. The two proteins were named TG-1 and TG-2 and both possess transglutaminase/protease-like homologous domains (TGc) and full conservation of amino acids cysteine, histidine, and aspartate residues that form the catalytic triad. Sequence analysis showed high similarity (93.1%) with Alaska pollock TG, and the TGs were grouped together with TGs from chum salmon, Japanese flounder, Nile tilapia, and red sea bream in addition to Alaska pollock in phylogenetic analysis. Interestingly, they showed different tissue distribution with highest constitutive expression in reproductive and immunological organs, indicating important roles in these organs. Furthermore, the up-regulation of TG-1 and TG-2 in head kidney after stimulating Atlantic cod with poly I:C suggested a role of TGs in immune response in Atlantic cod.
authors: Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: clemens.furnes@uis.no.
authors: Clemens
authors: C
authors: Furnes
authors: Nofima, Box 6122, N-9291 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: oyvind.kileng@europharma.no.
authors: Øyvind
authors: Ø
authors: Kileng
authors: Nofima, Box 6122, N-9291 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: ingvill.jensen@uit.no.
authors: Ingvill
authors: I
authors: Jensen
authors: Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: pralav4k@yahoo.com.
authors: Pralav
authors: P
authors: Karki
authors: Centre for Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: lutz.eichacker@uis.no.
authors: Lutz
authors: L
authors: Eichacker
authors: Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: borre.robertsen@nfh.uit.no.
authors: Børre
authors: B
authors: Robertsen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D048389:Gadus morhua / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; C105804:transglutaminase 1; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Antiviral activity; Atlantic cod; Transglutaminase