title: Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 in adipocytes results in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity can cause structural and functional abnormalities of the heart via complex but largely undefined mechanisms. Emerging evidence has shown that obesity results in reduced oxygen concentrations, or hypoxia, in adipose tissue. We hypothesized that the adipocyte hypoxia-signaling pathway plays an essential role in the development of obesity-associated cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a mouse model in which the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is activated by deletion of the von Hippel-Lindau gene specifically in adipocytes, we found that mice with adipocyte-von Hippel-Lindau deletion developed lethal cardiac hypertrophy. HIF activation in adipocytes results in overexpression of key cardiomyopathy-associated genes in adipose tissue, increased serum levels of several proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and activation of nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells in the heart. Interestingly, genetic deletion of Hif2a, but not Hif1a, was able to rescue cardiac hypertrophy and abrogate adipose inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have discovered a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying a critical and direct role of the adipocyte HIF-2 transcription factor in the development of adipose inflammation and pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
authors: Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
authors: Qun
authors: Q
authors: Lin
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Carmen J
authors: CJ
authors: Booth
authors: Volker H
authors: VH
authors: Haase
authors: Randall S
authors: RS
authors: Johnson
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Celeste Simon
authors: Frank J
authors: FJ
authors: Giordano
authors: Zhong
authors: Z
authors: Yun
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; C494469:VHL protein, mouse
keywords: adipocytes; cardiomyopathy; hypoxia; inflammation; obesity