title: Investigation of different bleaching conditions on the amount of elutable substances from nano-hybrid composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the influence of irradiation time, aging before bleaching, and bleaching technique (home bleaching vs. in-office bleaching) on the amount of elutable substances from modern nano-hybrid resin-based composites (RBCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens (n=5) of three nano-hybrid RBCs (Venus(®) Diamond, Tetric EvoCeram(®) and Filtek™ Supreme XTE) were irradiated for 5, 10, 20 and 40s. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured in real-time with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Specimens were bleached either directly after irradiation or after aging (1.5 or 6 month in distilled water at 37°C) with Opalescence(®) PF15% for 6h (simulation of home bleaching) or PF35% for 0.5h (simulation of in-office bleaching) and incubated in ethanol/water (3:1) at 37°C for 7d. The eluates were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Unbleached specimens at the above mentioned irradiation times were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bleaching increases the amount of elutable substances. This amount is generally stronger influenced by aging than by polymerization time or concentration of the gel. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate was found in amounts up to 334.14 (106.91) μmol/l (Tetric EvoCeram(®), irradiation time 5s; bleaching with 15% CP) as a destruction product. Diethoyxdimethylsilane was found in all eluates from bleached specimens, but not in the control groups. This substance may be formed by oxidation of 3-methacryloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane, indicating that the bond between inorganic filler and organic matrix might be weakened after bleaching.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bleaching gels might alter the physical properties of resin-based composites, especially at low irradiation times and fresh placed restorations.
authors: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology und Toxicology, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: juergen.durner@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Durner
authors: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Obermaier
authors: Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors: Nicoleta
authors: N
authors: Ilie
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D014073:Tooth Bleaching
chemical_list: D012117:Resins, Synthetic
keywords: BisEMA; Bleaching; Dental composite; Elution; FTIR; GC/MS; Hydrogen peroxide; Silane; TEGDMA