title: Chronic inflammation and extra-nodal marginal-zone lymphomas of MALT-type.
abstract: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) arising in lymphoid populations that are induced by chronic inflammation in extra nodal sites. The stomach is the most commonly affected organ, and MALT lymphoma is clearly associated with a gastroduodenitis induced by a microbial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, thus gastric MALT lymphoma represents a paradigm for evaluating inflammatory-associated lymphomagenesis. Variable levels of evidence have indicated a possible association between other microorganisms and non-gastric MALT lymphomas. In addition to infectious etiology, chronic inflammation arising as a result of autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome or Hashimoto thyroiditis, poses a significant risk factor for developing NHL. Recently, genetic alterations affecting the NF-κB pathway, a major signaling pathway involved in many cancers, have been identified in MALT lymphoma. This review will present MALT lymphoma as an example of the close pathogenetic link between chronic microenvironmental inflammation and tumor development, showing how these observations can be integrated into daily clinical practice, also in terms of therapeutic implications, with particular focus on the NF-κB pathway.
authors: APHP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Department of Hemato-oncology, Paris Diderot 7 University, INSERM U728, Paris, France.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Thieblemont
authors: IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Lymphoma and Genomics Research Program, and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Lymphoma Unit, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Bertoni
authors: APHP-Hôpital H. Mondor, Department of Pathology, Creteil, France.
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Copie-Bergman
authors: San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Onco-Hematology, Milano, Italy; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Milano, Italy.
authors: Andrés J M
authors: AJ
authors: Ferreri
authors: San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Milano, Italy; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Pathology Unit, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: ponzoni.maurilio@hsr.it.
authors: Maurilio
authors: M
authors: Ponzoni
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B
keywords: Chronic inflammation; MALT lymphoma; Marginal zone; Microbial pathogen autoimmune disease