title: The association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several case-control studies and cohort studies have investigated the association between fish intake and renal cancer risk, however, they yielded conflicting results. To our knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of the association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer has not been reported. Hence, we conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis to quantify the association between fish consumption and renal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central database for case-control and cohort studies that assessed fish intake and risk of renal cancer. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 case-control studies and three cohort studies published between 1990 and 2011 were included in the meta-analysis, involving 9,324 renal cancer cases and 608,753 participants. Meta-analysis showed that fish consumption did not significantly affect the risk of renal cancer (RR=0.99, 95% CI [0.92,1.07]). In our subgroup analyses, the results were not substantially affected by study design, region, gender, and confounder adjustments. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present meta-analysis suggested that there was no significant association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer. More in-depth studies are warranted to report more detailed results, including stratified results by fish type, preparation method, and gender.
authors: Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors: Hong-wei
authors: HW
authors: Bai
authors: Ye-yong
authors: YY
authors: Qian
authors: Bing-yi
authors: BY
authors: Shi
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Fan
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Yuan
authors: Lu-peng
authors: LP
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017594:Publication Bias; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017747:Seafood