title: Magnetic targeting enhances retrograde cell retention in a rat model of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retrograde coronary venous infusion is a promising delivery method for cellular cardiomyoplasty. Poor cell retention is the major obstacle to the establishment of this method as the preferred route for cell delivery. Here, we explored whether magnetic targeting could enhance retrograde cell retention in a rat model of myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat mesenchymal stem cells were labeled with superparamagnetic oxide nanoparticles. The magnetic responsiveness of MSCs was observed while cells flowed through a tube that served as a model of blood vessels in a 0.6-Tesla magnetic field. In a Sprague–Dawley rat model of acute myocardial infarction, 1 × 106 magnetic mesenchymal stem cells were transjugularly injected into the left cardiac vein while a 0.6-Tesla magnet was placed above the heart. The cardiac retention of transplanted cells was assessed by using quantitative Y chromosome-specific polymerase chain reaction, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and optical imaging. Cardiac function was measured by using echocardiography, and histologic analyses of infarct morphology and angiogenesis were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flowing iron oxide-labeled mesenchymal stem cells were effectively attracted to the area where the magnet was positioned. Twenty-four hours after cellular retrocoronary delivery, magnetic targeting significantly increased the cardiac retention of transplanted cells by 2.73- to 2.87-fold. Histologic analyses showed that more transplanted cells were distributed in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The enhanced cell engraftment persisted for at least 3 weeks, at which time, left ventricular remodeling was attenuated, and cardiac function benefit was improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that magnetic targeting offers new perspectives for retrograde coronary venous delivery to enhance cell retention and subsequent functional benefit in heart diseases
authors: Zheyong
authors: Z
authors: Huang
authors: Yunli
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Aijun
authors: A
authors: Sun
authors: Gangyong
authors: G
authors: Huang
authors: Hongmin
authors: H
authors: Zhu
authors: Bingqing
authors: B
authors: Huang
authors: Jianfeng
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Yanan
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Pei
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Xiangdong
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Yunzeng
authors: Y
authors: Zou
authors: Juying
authors: J
authors: Qian
authors: Junbo
authors: J
authors: Ge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide