title: Prevalence and association of lifestyle factors with extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in non-cardioembolic anterior circulation strokes in adult males less than 50 years: One year cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data is scarce on prevalence of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis (ECA) in strokes <50 years and its association with lifestyle factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Study role of (a) ECA in non-cardio-embolic anterior circulation young strokes, and (b) smoking and alcohol in ECA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular risk factors and evidence of ECA on carotid doppler ultrasound (CDUS) was evaluated in an one-year preliminary cross-sectional study of consecutive strokes between 20 years and 49 years. Females were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 46 male strokes (mean age 38.26 yrs), 17.39% had hypertension, 2.23% had coronary artery disease; none was diabetic. Tobacco users and alcohol consumers were 24/46 (52.17%) cases each. ECA was found in 14/46 (30.44%) cases. Seven of these 14 (50%) i.e., 7/46 cases (15.21%) had carotid occlusion, four had <50%, three had >70% stenosis. 'Smoking and smokeless tobacco use' was found in 71.42% (10/14) symptomatic carotid lesions compared to 43.75% (14/32) strokes without carotid lesions. Prevalence odds ratio for tobacco use and ECA was 3.21 (95% CI: 0.83-12.44) while that of alcohol and ECA was 1.33 (95% CI: 0.38-4.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of ECA in strokes <50 years was high due to lifestyle factors which predispose to atherosclerosis at younger age.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Alipore, India.
authors: Kaukab M
authors: KM
authors: Hassan
authors: Aditya
authors: A
authors: Verma
authors: Sudeep
authors: S
authors: Prakash
authors: Vijai
authors: V
authors: Chandran
authors: Suman
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Anup
authors: A
authors: Banerji
keywords: Alcohol; extracranial carotid atherosclerosis; lifestyle factors; smoking; young stroke