title: The role of landscape composition and configuration on Pteropus giganteus roosting ecology and Nipah virus spillover risk in Bangladesh.
abstract: Nipah virus has caused recurring outbreaks in central and northwest Bangladesh (the "Nipah Belt"). Little is known about roosting behavior of the fruit bat reservoir, Pteropus giganteus, or factors driving spillover. We compared human population density and ecological characteristics of case villages and control villages (no reported outbreaks) to understand their role in P. giganteus roosting ecology and Nipah virus spillover risk. Nipah Belt villages have a higher human population density (P < 0.0001), and forests that are more fragmented than elsewhere in Bangladesh (0.50 versus 0.32 patches/km(2), P < 0.0001). The number of roosts in a village correlates with forest fragmentation (r = 0.22, P = 0.03). Villages with a roost containing Polyalthia longifolia or Bombax ceiba trees were more likely case villages (odds ratio [OR] = 10.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-90.6). This study suggests that, in addition to human population density, composition and structure of the landscape shared by P. giganteus and humans may influence the geographic distribution of Nipah virus spillovers.
authors: Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, SAGE (Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment), Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; EcoHealth Alliance, New York City, New York; Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors: Micah B
authors: MB
authors: Hahn
authors: Emily S
authors: ES
authors: Gurley
authors: Jonathan H
authors: JH
authors: Epstein
authors: Mohammad S
authors: MS
authors: Islam
authors: Jonathan A
authors: JA
authors: Patz
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Daszak
authors: Stephen P
authors: SP
authors: Luby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D035163:Bombax; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000821:virology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004463:Ecology; D045464:Henipavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D045405:Nipah Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D031044:Polyalthia; D012307:Risk Factors; D014197:Trees