title: Induction of a Soluble Anti-HIV-1 factor (s) with IFN-γ, IL-10, and β-Chemokine Modulating Activity by an Influenza-Bacterial Polyantigenic Mixture.
abstract: Partial immune restoration may be obtained with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but specific anti-HIV-1 immune responses do not appear to improve substantially. We have demonstrated that a soluble factor(s) induced by a mixture of inactivated influenza and bacterial vaccines called polyantigenic immunomodulator (PAI), possesses strong immunoregulatory and anti-HIV-1 activities. In the present study, we show that culture fluids from both PAI-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD8+ T-cells of HIV-1 infected patients were able to suppress HIV-1 replication in an MHC-unrestricted fashion. The PAI-induced antiviral activity was eliminated when culture fluids were pre-heated at 100°C for 10 min. and it is associated with induction of IFN-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES production, but inhibition of IL-10. Furthermore, this induction is dependent on the immunological status (CD4:CD8 ratio) of the HIV-1 infected patient. Taken together, our results suggest that the MHC-unrestricted HIV-1 suppression that is induced by culture fluids from PAI-stimulated PBMC may result from the stimulation of immune cell subpopulations to produce a heat-labile antiviral soluble factor(s), which in turn modulate cytokine and β-chemokine production. The identification of this PAI-induced soluble factor(s) may have major therapeutic potential.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
authors: José W
authors: JW
authors: Rodríguez
authors: Nat O
authors: NO
authors: Pagan
authors: María C
authors: MC
authors: Ocasio
authors: Zilka
authors: Z
authors: Ríos
authors: Luis A
authors: LA
authors: Cubano
authors: Nawal M
authors: NM
authors: Boukli
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Otero
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Hunter
authors: Madhavan P
authors: MP
authors: Nair
authors: Eddy
authors: E
authors: Rios-Olivares
keywords: Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1); antiviral activity; cytokines; polyantigenic immunomodulator (PAI); β-chemokines