title: Formulation techniques for nanofluids.
abstract: Fluids with suspended nanoparticles, commonly known as nanofluids, may be formulated to improve the thermal performance of industrial heat transfer systems and applications. Nanofluids may show enhanced thermal and electrical properties such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, heat transfer coefficient, dielectric strength, etc. However, stability problems may arise as nanoparticles usually have the tendency to agglomerate and sediment producing deterioration in the increment of these properties. In this review, we discuss patents that report advances in the formulation of nanofluids including: production methods, selection of components (nanoparticles, base fluid and surfactants), their chemical compositions and morphologies, and characterization techniques. Finally, current and future directions in the development of nanofluid formulation are discussed.
authors: Carlos I
authors: CI
authors: Rivera-Solorio
authors: Luis A
authors: LA
authors: Payán-Rodríguez
authors: Alejandro J
authors: AJ
authors: García-Cuéllar
authors: E D
authors: ED
authors: Ramón-Raygoza
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: L Cadena-de-la-Peña
authors: Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Monterrey, N.L. México, 64849. rivera.carlos@itesm.mx.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Medina-Carreón
mesh_terms: D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013535:Suspensions / Q000737:chemistry*; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013535:Suspensions