title: A novel cardiac bio-marker: ST2: a review.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death worldwide. The identification of markers able to detect the early stages of such diseases and/or their progression is fundamental in order to adopt the best actions in order to reduce the worsening of clinical condition. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP are the best known markers of heart failure (HF), while troponins ameliorated the diagnosis of acute and chronic coronary artery diseases. Nevertheless, many limitations reduce their accuracy. Physicians have tried to develop further detectable molecules in order to improve the detection of the early moments of CVD and prevent their development. Soluble ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity 2) is a blood protein confirmed to act as a decoy receptor for interleukin-33. It seems to be markedly induced in mechanically overloaded cardiac myocytes. Thus, HF onset or worsening of a previous chronic HF status, myocardial infarct able to induce scars that make the myocardium unable to stretch well, etc, are all conditions that could be detected by measuring blood levels of soluble ST2. The aim of this review is to explore the possible role of ST2 derived-protein as an early marker of cardiovascular diseases, above all in heart failure and ischemic heart diseases.
authors: Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy. marcomatteo.ciccone@uniba.it.
authors: Marco Matteo
authors: MM
authors: Ciccone
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Cortese
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Gesualdo
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Riccardi
authors: Dalia
authors: D
authors: Di Nunzio
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Moncelli
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Iacoviello
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Scicchitano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface