title: Detection of the oxygen consumption rate of migrating zebrafish by electrochemical equalization systems.
abstract: A novel measurement system to determine oxygen consumption rates via respiration in migrating Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been developed. A signal equalization system was adapted to detect oxygen in a chamber with one fish, because typical electrochemical techniques cannot measure respiration activities for migrating organisms. A closed chamber was fabricated using a pipet tip attached to a Pt electrode, and a columnar Vycor glass tip was used as the salt bridge. Pt electrode, which was attached to the chamber with one zebrafish, and Ag electrode were immersed in 10 mM potassium iodide (KI), and both the electrodes were connected externally to form a galvanic cell. Pt and Ag electrodes act as the cathode and anode to reduce oxygen and oxidize silver, respectively, allowing the deposition of insoluble silver iodide (AgI). The AgI acts as the signal source accumulated on the Ag electrode by conversion of oxygen. The amount of AgI deposited on the Ag electrode was determined by cathodic stripping voltammetry. The presence of zebrafish or its embryo led to a decrease in the stripping currents generated by a 10 min conversion of oxygen to AgI. The conversion of oxygen to AgI is disturbed by the migration of the zebrafish and allows the detection of different equalized signals corresponding to respiration activity. The oxygen consumption rates of the zebrafish and its embryo were estimated and determined to be ∼4.1 and 2.4 pmol·s(-1), respectively. The deposited AgI almost completely disappeared with a single stripping process. The signal equalization system provides a method to determine the respiration activities for migrating zebrafish and could be used to estimate environmental risk and for effective drug screening.
authors: Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo , 3-2-1, Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Yasukawa
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Koide
authors: Norihisa
authors: N
authors: Tatarazako
authors: Ryoko
authors: R
authors: Abe
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Shiku
authors: Fumio
authors: F
authors: Mizutani
authors: Tomokazu
authors: T
authors: Matsue
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish