title: A fungal protein elicitor PevD1 induces Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the elicitor PevD1 triggered innate immunity in cotton, which plays an important role in future cotton wilt disease control.
  Elicitors can induce defense responses in plants and improve pathogen resistance. PevD1 is a secreted protein from Verticillium dahliae and activates the hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants. To investigate the PevD1-induced disease resistance mechanisms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), we report that Escherichia coli expressing PevD1 enhanced cotton resistance and the defense response to the fungal pathogen V. dahliae. The results showed that recombinant PevD1 improved cotton resistance when infiltrated at a concentration as low as 4 μg ml(-1), and the highest disease reduction was 38.16 % on the 15th day post V. dahliae inoculation. This protein was able to systemically induce hydrogen peroxide production, nitric oxide generation, lignin deposition, vessel reinforcement and defense enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. PevD1 also enhanced the expression of three pathogenesis-related genes, namely, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and cadinene synthase, and three key genes, PAL, C4H1, and 4CL, from the cotton defense phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway. Our results demonstrated that PevD1 acted as an effector in cotton and V. dahliae interactions and triggered innate immunity in cotton, resulting in the upregulation of defense-related genes, metabolic substance deposition and cell wall modifications. PevD1 is a candidate plant defense activator for cotton wilt disease control.
authors: Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crop, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China, bubingwu_115@163.com.
authors: Bingwu
authors: B
authors: Bu
authors: Dewen
authors: D
authors: Qiu
authors: Hongmei
authors: H
authors: Zeng
authors: Lihua
authors: L
authors: Guo
authors: Jingjing
authors: J
authors: Yuan
authors: Xiufen
authors: X
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D003368:Gossypium / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D020172:Verticillium / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins