title: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats diminishes the size of the osteoprogenitor pool in bone marrow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone formation is reduced in animals and humans with type 1 diabetes, leading to lower bone mass and inferior osseous healing. Since bone formation greatly depends on the recruitment of osteoblasts from their bone marrow precursors, we tested whether experimental type 1 diabetes in rats diminishes the number of bone marrow osteoprogenitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced by 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and after 4 weeks, femoral bone marrow cells were extracted and cultured. Tibia and femur were frozen for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The size of the osteoprogenitor pool in bone marrow of diabetic rats was significantly reduced, as evidenced by (1) lower (~35 %) fraction of adherent stromal cells (at 24h of culture); (2) lower (20-25%) alkaline phosphatase activity at 10 days of culture; and (3) lower (~40 %) mineralized nodule formation at 21 days of culture. Administration of insulin to hyperglycemic rats normalized glycemia and abrogated most of the decline in ex vivo mineralized nodule formation. Apoptotic cells in tibial bone marrow were more numerous in hyperglycemic rats. Also, the levels of malondialdehyde (indicator of oxidative stress) were significantly elevated in bone marrow of diabetic animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experimental type 1 diabetes diminishes the osteoprogenitor population in bone marrow, possibly due to increased apoptosis via Oxidative Stress. Reduced number of osteoprogenitors is likely to impair osteoblastogenesis, bone formation, and bone healing in diabetic animals.
authors: Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Weinberg
authors: Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Maymon
authors: Department of Periodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Moses
authors: Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: Weinreb@post.tau.ac.il.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Weinreb
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015519:Bone Density; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Apoptosis; Bone marrow stromal cells; Diabetes; Oxidative stress