title: [Evaluation on the risks of H5, H7 and H9 avian influenza infections in Guangzhou: using data from the 2006-2012 avian influenza surveillance program].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of avian influenza surveillance program in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2012 and to evaluate the risk of infections with H5, H7 and H9 subtypes avian influenza viruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Avian influenza surveillance system in Guangzhou consisted five components:serum surveillance on occupational population, environmental specimen surveillance of avian influenza virus, avian flu emergency surveillance, influenza viruses surveillance on ILI patient and surveillance on pneumonia of unknown causes. Hemagglutination inhibition test was conducted to detect the antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 while RT-PCR was used to test the nucleic acid of H5, H7 and H9 viruses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2006 to 2012, 4103 serum specimens were collected from occupational populations and the overall positive rate of H5/H7/H9 antibodies was 3.82% . The antibody positive rates for H5, H7 and H9 were 0.22% ,0.00% and 3.70% respectively. 4 serum specimens for H5 and H9 simultaneously showed antibody positive. The positive rate of H9 among occupational populations(4.21%)appeared higher than that from the control population(2.16%). 2028 specimens were collected from poultry sites and 55 samples found positive for H5 nucleic acid (positive rate:2.71%), 14 samples positive for H9 nucleic acid (positive rate:0.69%), 5 specimens, simultaneously positive for H5 and H9 nucleic acids. However, none of the samples showing H7 nucleic acid positive. From 2006 to 2012, all the tested H5/H7/H9 virus were negative from the respiratory/serum specimens among those close contacts of patients or high risk groups through the avian flu emergency surveillance program,ILI patient influenza virus surveillance programs or pneumonia of unknown causes surveillance program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contamination of H5/H9 avian influenza virus did exist in the poultry sites in Guangzhou, especially in the wet Markets. The H5/H9 avian influenza virus caused asymptomatic infection was proved to be existed within the population exposed to the poultry, suggesting that the poultry occupational population in Guangzhou was under the risk of avian influenza virus infection.
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: Zong-qiu
authors: ZQ
authors: Chen
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: Jian-yun
authors: JY
authors: Lu
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China. Email: biotin2001@163.com.
authors: Xin-cai
authors: XC
authors: Xiao
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: Biao
authors: B
authors: DI
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: Kui-biao
authors: KB
authors: Li
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: En-jie
authors: EJ
authors: Lu
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Luo
authors: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
authors: Zhi-cong
authors: ZC
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011200:Poultry