title: Study of the effect of vintage, maturity degree, and irrigation on the amino acid and biogenic amine content of a white wine from the Verdejo variety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three factors directly related to the amino acid content of grapes and their interaction. These three factors were vintage, maturity degree and irrigation. The evolution of amino acid was also assessed during the winemaking along with the effect of maturity and irrigation on the biogenic amine formation. The grapes used for this study were of the Verdejo variety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that there was a strong vintage effect on amino acid content in grapes, which seemed to be clearly related to climatic conditions. The effect of maturity on amino acid content depended on vintage, irrigation and the amino acid itself although it was observed that irrigation caused the increase of most amino acids present in the berry. Irrigation did not affect the evolution of nitrogen compounds during the alcoholic fermentation process but the maturity degree in some of the amino acids tested did so. No direct relationship could be established between irrigation or maturity degree and biogenic amines. However, it should be noted that the biogenic amine content was very low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vintage has a strong effect on the amino acid content in grapes which appears to be related to weather conditions. No direct relationship has been found between irrigation or maturity degree and biogenic amines content. Furthermore, it is noted that biogenic amine content found in final wines was very low.
authors: Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería de Castilla y León, Ctra Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071, Valladolid, Spain.
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Ortega-Heras
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Pérez-Magariño
authors: Vanesa
authors: V
authors: Del-Villar-Garrachón
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: González-Huerta
authors: Luis Carlos
authors: LC
authors: Moro Gonzalez
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Guadarrama Rodríguez
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Villanueva Sanchez
authors: Rubén
authors: R
authors: Gallo González
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Martín de la Helguera
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D002980:Climate; D005285:Fermentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D027843:Vitis / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001679:Biogenic Amines; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Verdejo; amino acids; biogenic amines; irrigation; maturity