title: Is very preterm birth a risk factor for adult cardiometabolic disease?
abstract: The first infants to experience modern pre- and neonatal care are now in their thirties, an age at which the incidence of cardiometabolic disease is low. However, data from cohorts born preterm prior to the introduction of modern care suggest an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. For young adult cohorts of former very small or very preterm infants, there is accumulating evidence of increased risk factors for later cardiovascular disease, including higher blood pressure, lower lean body mass, impaired glucose regulation, and perhaps a more atherogenic lipid profile. Regarding lifestyle, adults born very small or very preterm undertake less non-conditioning physical activity and may have a lower intake of fruit and milk products. Any intervention reducing risk factors, in particular blood pressure and low physical activity, would have a substantial potential to reduce the lifetime disease burden in small preterm infants. There are now enough data to warrant an expert evaluation of the level of evidence for cardiometabolic disease in individuals born very small or very preterm, which has possible public health implications.
authors: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Central Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: eero.kajantie@helsinki.fi.
authors: Eero
authors: E
authors: Kajantie
authors: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Petteri
authors: P
authors: Hovi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular; Exercise; Extremely low birth weight; Premature; Programming; Risk factor; Very low birth weight