title: Neuroprotective biflavonoids of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampal cells.
abstract: Four biflavonoids (1-4), five flavonoids glycosides (5-9), two catechins (10, 11), two lignans (12-13), neolignan glycoside (14) and phenylpropanoid glycoside (15) were isolated from the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Cupressaceae). Neuroprotective effects of the isolated compounds were evaluated employing HT22 mouse hippocampal cells, a model system to study glutamate-induced oxidative stress. The glutamate injured HT22 cells were protected significantly by amentoflavone (3), ginkgetin (4) and (-)-epitaxifolin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (9). The reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) in response to high concentration of glutamate were preserved by pre-treatment of 3, 4 or 9, while the activities of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and catalase (CAT) were little affected. The reduced content of GSH induced by glutamate was also recovered by 3, 4 or 9 in accommodation with the decrease in ROS production. In addition, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by glutamate insult was clearly prevented by 3, while little changed by 4. Taken together, amentoflavone (3), ginkgetin (4) and (-)-epitaxifolin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (9) derived from C. obtusa could protect HT22 neuronal cells against glutamate-induced oxidative damage through preserving antioxidant enzymes activities and/or inhibiting ERK1/2 activation.
authors: Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea.
authors: Eun Ju
authors: EJ
authors: Jeong
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors: Lim
authors: L
authors: Hwang
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mina
authors: M
authors: Lee
authors: College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ki Yong
authors: KY
authors: Lee
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea.
authors: Mi-Jeong
authors: MJ
authors: Ahn
authors: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: shsung@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Sang Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Sung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D029779:Cupressaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: Biflavonoid; Chamaecyparis obtusa; ERK; HT22; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress