title: Mechanisms of Class II correction induced by the crown Herbst appliance as a single-phase Class II therapy: 1 year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study is to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of the crown Herbst appliance used alone for a single phase of therapy followed by a 1-year observation period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients (mean age 13.6±1.3 years) with a stable Class I occlusion 1 year following the treatment with the crown Herbst appliance were selected from a prospective sample of 180 consecutively treated Class II patients. No other appliances were used during treatment or during the follow-up period. The dentoskeletal changes were compared with a matched sample of untreated Class II subjects (mean age 13.9±1.6 years). Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment, after Herbst treatment (1 year), and after 1-year follow-up. Overcorrection was avoided intentionally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment produced an increase in mandibular length, a decrease in ANB angle, and a restriction in the vertical growth of posterior maxilla. The maxillary molars moved backward and tipped distally. The lower incisors proclined markedly, and the upper incisors became retroclined. During the follow-up period, the changes primarily were dentoalveolar in nature, with marked rebound of the upper molars and lower incisors, resulting in some increases in overbite and overjet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occlusal correction of Class II malocclusion observed 1 year after the crown Herbst appliance as a single-phase therapy was achieved primary due to the dentoalveolar changes and only limited skeletal change occurred.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema street 20, Riga LV 1007, Latvia. g.jakobsone@latnet.lv.
authors: Gundega
authors: G
authors: Jakobsone
authors: Dalia
authors: D
authors: Latkauskiene
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: McNamara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D057887:Overbite / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D014716:Vertical Dimension