title: Individualizing clozapine and risperidone treatment for schizophrenia patients.
abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe disorder that significantly affects the quality of life and total functioning of patients and their caregivers. Clozapine is the first atypical antipsychotic with fewer adverse effects and established efficacy. As a rule of thumb, risperidone is one of the most reliable and effective antipsychotics for newly diagnosed and chronic schizophrenics. Pharmacogenetic studies have identified genomic variants of candidate genes that seem to be important in the way a patient responds to treatment. The recent progress made in pharmacogenomics will improve the quality of treatment, since drug doses will be tailored to the special needs of each patient. In this article, we review the available literature attempting to delineate the role of genomic variations in clozapine and risperidone response in schizophrenic patients of various ethnicities. We conclude that pharmacogenomics for these two drugs is still not ready for implementation in the clinic.
authors: University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
authors: Evangelia Eirini
authors: EE
authors: Tsermpini
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Assimakopoulos
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Bartsakoulia
authors: Gregoris
authors: G
authors: Iconomou
authors: Eleni Merkouri
authors: EM
authors: Papadima
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Mitropoulos
authors: Alessio
authors: A
authors: Squassina
authors: George P
authors: GP
authors: Patrinos
mesh_terms: D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D018967:Risperidone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone