title: Genotoxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in bone marrow cells of rats in vivo.
abstract: Although nanomaterials have the potential to improve human life, their sideline effects on human health seem to be inevitable and still remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) at different doses and particle sizes to bone marrow cells. Both types of nanoparticles were chosen due to their wide applications of them in consumer products. Rats were injected intravenously with a single dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg bw of 20 nm AgNPs or with 5 mg/kg bw 200 nm AgNPs or with 5 mg/kg bw 21 nm TiO2NPs. The samples were taken at 24 h, 1 week and 4 weeks following the exposure. Micronucleus test and the Comet assay were used to detect DNA damage. Neither AgNPs nor TiO2NPs caused cytotoxicity to bone marrow red and white cells. The polychromatic erythrocytes are the main target of both nanoparticles. A single exposure to AgNPs induced significantly enhanced frequency of micronuclei not only at 24 h after exposure, but also 1 and 4 weeks later, whereas single exposure to TiO2NPs showed positive effect at 24 h only. Negative responses were shown in reticulocytes (micronuclei) and in leukocytes (Comet assay) of bone marrow. Results indicated that different bone marrow cells display different susceptibility toward genotoxicity mediated by both investigated nanoparticles. The use of materials containing nanoparticles and the potential health implication of them should be monitored.
authors: National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: mdobrzynska@pzh.gov.pl.
authors: Małgorzata M
authors: MM
authors: Dobrzyńska
authors: National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Aneta
authors: A
authors: Gajowik
authors: National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Radzikowska
authors: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Jan Kochanowski University, Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Kielce, Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Lankoff
authors: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Dušinská
authors: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Kruszewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012834:Silver / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Comet assay; DNA damage; Erythrocytes; Leukocytes; Micronuclei; Nanoparticles