title: Coffee and tea consumption, genotype-based CYP1A2 and NAT2 activity and colorectal cancer risk-results from the EPIC cohort study.
abstract: Coffee and tea contain numerous antimutagenic and antioxidant components and high levels of caffeine that may protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between coffee and tea consumption and CRC risk and studied potential effect modification by CYP1A2 and NAT2 genotypes, enzymes involved in the metabolization of caffeine. Data from 477,071 participants (70.2% female) of the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study were analyzed. At baseline (1992-2000) habitual (total, caffeinated and decaffeinated) coffee and tea consumption was assessed with dietary questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio's (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Potential effect modification by genotype-based CYP1A2 and NAT2 activity was studied in a nested case-control set of 1,252 cases and 2,175 controls. After a median follow-up of 11.6 years, 4,234 participants developed CRC (mean age 64.7 ± 8.3 years). Total coffee consumption (high vs. non/low) was not associated with CRC risk (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95-1.18) or subsite cancers, and no significant associations were found for caffeinated (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.97-1.26) and decaffeinated coffee (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.84-1.11) and tea (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86-1.09). High coffee and tea consuming subjects with slow CYP1A2 or NAT2 activity had a similar CRC risk compared to non/low coffee and tea consuming subjects with a fast CYP1A2 or NAT2 activity, which suggests that caffeine metabolism does not affect the link between coffee and tea consumption and CRC risk. This study shows that coffee and tea consumption is not likely to be associated with overall CRC.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Vincent K
authors: VK
authors: Dik
authors: H B As
authors: HB
authors: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors: Martijn G H
authors: MG
authors: Van Oijen
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Siersema
authors: Cuno S P M
authors: CS
authors: Uiterwaal
authors: Carla H
authors: CH
authors: Van Gils
authors: Fränzel J B
authors: FJ
authors: Van Duijnhoven
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Cauchi
authors: Loic
authors: L
authors: Yengo
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Froguel
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Overvad
authors: Bodil H
authors: BH
authors: Bech
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tjønneland
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Olsen
authors: Marie-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Boutron-Ruault
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Racine
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Fagherazzi
authors: Tilman
authors: T
authors: Kühn
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Campa
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Boeing
authors: Krasimira
authors: K
authors: Aleksandrova
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Trichopoulou
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Peppa
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Oikonomou
authors: Domenico
authors: D
authors: Palli
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Grioni
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Vineis
authors: Rosaria
authors: R
authors: Tumino
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Panico
authors: Petra H M
authors: PH
authors: Peeters
authors: Elisabete
authors: E
authors: Weiderpass
authors: Dagrun
authors: D
authors: Engeset
authors: Tonje
authors: T
authors: Braaten
authors: Miren
authors: M
authors: Dorronsoro
authors: María-Dolores
authors: MD
authors: Chirlaque
authors: María-José
authors: MJ
authors: Sánchez
authors: Aurelio
authors: A
authors: Barricarte
authors: Raul
authors: R
authors: Zamora-Ros
authors: Marcial
authors: M
authors: Argüelles
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Jirström
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Wallström
authors: Lena M
authors: LM
authors: Nilsson
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Ljuslinder
authors: Ruth C
authors: RC
authors: Travis
authors: Kay-Tee
authors: KT
authors: Khaw
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Wareham
authors: Heinz
authors: H
authors: Freisling
authors: Idlir
authors: I
authors: Licaj
authors: Mazda
authors: M
authors: Jenab
authors: Marc J
authors: MJ
authors: Gunter
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Murphy
authors: Dora
authors: D
authors: Romaguera-Bosch
authors: Elio
authors: E
authors: Riboli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human
keywords: CYP1A2; Colorectal cancer; NAT2; coffee; tea