title: Postmortem 3-D reconstruction of skull gunshot injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In cases of severe decomposition or skeletonization of a corpse after cerebral gun shot injury it is difficult to exactly reconstruct the bullet path in the brain. However, in case of murder or homicide this might become necessary to answer forensic questions such as the ability to move or other actions of the victim.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therefore a method in terms of three dimensional reconstruction technique was developed by fusing computed tomography scans (CT) of the original skull and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of a normal brain of adequate size. Hereby five cases were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three cases an excellent concordance between the reconstructed bullet trajectory and the autopsy reports was achieved. In one case the original brain was not available for CT-scanning due to previous autopsy. However, the findings were in line with the pathology report. In one case there was a difference of about 1-2 cm between the original autopsy description and the reconstructed bullet path. This was due to only a part of the skull being available for image reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that this method can successfully be applied to adequately reconstruct bullet paths in cases of completely skeletonized skulls, but should carefully be used in cases of incomplete skulls.
authors: Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nussbaumstrasse 22, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Peschel
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Szeimies
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Vollmar
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kirchhoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D044709:Forensic Ballistics / Q000379:methods; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D020197:Head Injuries, Penetrating / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: CT; Gunshot injuries; Image fusion; MRI; Reconstruction; Skull