title: Functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder and comorbid anxiety disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the potential for different aspects of anxiety to modify the effect of impaired functioning in major depressive disorder (MDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n = 1226) were psychiatric outpatients with MDD. A cross-sectional, multicentre, nationwide study was designed. The 12-item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II was used to assess functional limitation. Anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Depression severity was measured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 43.1% of patients had a comorbid MDD and anxiety disorder. Poorer functioning correlated significantly with severity of depression (Pearson r = 0.78, P = 0.001), severity of anxiety (r = 0.65, P = 0.001), and higher anxiety trait scores (r = 0.40, P = 0.001), but not significantly with STAI-State scores (r = 0.03, P = 0.26). The overall regression model was significant and explained 66% of the functioning variability in patients with MDD, mostly attributable to depression severity. Results indicate that anxiety has a moderate impact on functioning impairment in patients with MDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that MDD and anxiety severity appear to be associated significantly with impaired functioning in patients with MDD but explains only a moderate proportion of variance.
authors: Professor, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Senior Researcher, Red de Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria (RediAPP), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors: Margalida
authors: M
authors: Gili
authors: Professor, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Senior Researcher, Red de Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria (RediAPP), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: García Toro
authors: Manager, Almirall Medical Department, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Armengol
authors: Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: García-Campayo
authors: Doctoral Student, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors: Adoración
authors: A
authors: Castro
authors: Professor, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Senior Researcher, Red de Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria (RediAPP), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors: Miquel
authors: M
authors: Roca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; comorbidity; depression; disability; functional impairment