title: Post-operative outcomes in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients undergoing non-upper airway surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the current obesity epidemic, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has become increasingly common. Several studies have reported on the risk of post-operative complications in OSA patients undergoing non-upper airway surgeries. The objective of our study was to systematically review the medical literature reporting the incidence of post-operative complications in patients with OSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Collaboration Methodology. We searched Medline via Ovid, Pubmed, Embase, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases from 1950 to 2012. We rated the quality of evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Meta-analysis was done using Review Manager Version 5.0.20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our search resulted in 18 eligible studies. OSA was found to be associated with a significantly increased incidence of post-operative hypoxemia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.35-3.97), respiratory complications (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.73-4.43), cardiac complications (OR = 1.76 95% CI 1.16-2.67), neurological complications (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.43-4.92), and unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) transfer (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.90-4.64). Re-intubation (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.65-2.91) was not significantly increased in patients with OSA. The association between OSA and post-operative outcomes remained unchanged with sub-group analysis including only studies that used polysomnography (PSG) for diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSA patients are at increased risk of post-operative complications from non-upper airway surgeries. Early diagnosis and treatment of OSA might decrease post-operative complications in these patients. There is a need for further studies to assess the benefit of peri-operative treatment of OSA on post-operative outcomes.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, DK Miller Building, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA, swarnaga@buffalo.edu.
authors: Swarna
authors: S
authors: Gaddam
authors: Sameer K
authors: SK
authors: Gunukula
authors: M Jeffery
authors: MJ
authors: Mador
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis