title: Sam68 is a novel marker for aggressive neuroblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid extracranial tumor in children. However, the molecular mechanism and progression of NB is largely unknown, and unfortunately, the prognosis is poor. Src-associated in mitosis with a molecular weight of 68 kDa (Sam68) is associated with carcinogenesis and neurogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of Sam68 in NB.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of Sam68 in immortalized normal epithelial cells, NB cell lines, and in four cases of paired NB tissue and adjacent normal tissue from the same patient was examined using Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The proliferation of NB cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, Sam68 protein expression was analyzed in 90 NB cases characterized as clinicopathological using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were applied to evaluate the diagnostic value and associations of Sam68 with clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western blotting and reverse transcription-PCR showed that the expression level of Sam68 was markedly higher in NB cell lines than in the immortalized normal epithelial cells at both messenger RNA and protein levels. The MTT assay revealed that Sam68 expression supported proliferation of NB cells. Sam68 expression levels were significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues in comparison to the matched adjacent normal tissues from the same patient. Sam68 protein level was positively correlated with clinical stage (P<0.001), tumor histology (P<0.001), and distant metastasis (P=0.029). Patients with higher Sam68 expression had shorter overall survival time, whereas those with lower tumor Sam68 expression had longer survival time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that Sam68 expression is associated with neuroblastoma progression and may represent a novel and valuable predictor for prognostic evaluation of neuroblastoma patients.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Zuoqing
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Benfu
authors: B
authors: He
authors: Juncheng
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Suisheng
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Zhou
authors: Cuiling
authors: C
authors: Pan
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Yu
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Xu
keywords: Sam68; biomarker; neuroblastoma; prognosis