title: Periodontal effects of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-weekly oral rinse. A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to evaluate the effect of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-weekly oral rinse on plaque and gingivitis in patients with minimally treated periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 patients with periodontitis, it lasted 3 mo, and it was performed as a randomized, controlled, single-blinded, clinical trial in parallel groups. Fifteen patients rinsed for 30 s with 15 mL of a fresh solution of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite (test) and 15 patients rinsed with 15 mL of water (control). Clorox(®) regular bleach was the source of the sodium hypochlorite. At baseline and at 2 wk, the study patients received professional subgingival irrigation for 5 min with either 0.25% sodium hypochlorite or water, but no subgingival or supragingival scaling. The presence or absence of supragingival plaque on facial and lingual surfaces was determined by visual inspection; each tooth was dried with air and mouth mirror rotation was used to provide light reflection to identify plaque on smooth surfaces and at the tooth line angles. Gingival bleeding within 30 s after probing to full pocket depth was assessed in six sites of each tooth. Adverse events were evaluated by questionnaire and visual examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 30 patients in the study completed the baseline and the 2 wk parts of the study and a subset of 12 participants completed the 3 mo part of the study. The sodium hypochlorite rinse group and the water rinse group, respectively, showed increases from baseline to 3 mo of 94% and 29% (3.2-fold difference) in plaque-free facial surfaces, of 195% and 30% (6.5-fold difference) in plaque-free lingual surfaces, and of 421% and 29% (14.5-fold difference) in number of teeth with no bleeding on probing. The differences in clinical improvement between the sodium hypochlorite rinse group and the water rinse group were statistically significant. No adverse events were identified in any of the study patients, except for minor complaints about the taste of bleach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A twice-weekly oral rinse with 0.25% sodium hypochlorite produced marked decreases in dental plaque level and bleeding on probing and may constitute a promising new approach to the management of periodontal disease. Long-term controlled studies on the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse are needed and encouraged.
authors: Graduate Periodontology Clinic, Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Galván
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gonzalez
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Cohen
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Alonaizan
authors: C T-L
authors: CT
authors: Chen
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Rich
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Slots
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005673:Fusobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
keywords: dental plaque; gingival bleeding; household bleach; mouth rinse; periodontal treatment; sodium hypochlorite