title: Maropitant prevented vomiting but not gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs premedicated with acepromazine-hydromorphone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of maropitant for prevention of vomiting and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in dogs following acepromazine-hydromorphone premedication and inhalation anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six dogs admitted for elective soft tissue or orthopedic procedures that were 3.1 ±3.1 years of age and weighed 20.5 ± 11.4 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group M received maropitant (1.0 mg kg(-1) ) and Group S received 0.9% saline (0.1 mL kg(-1) ) intravenously 45-60 minutes before premedication with hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg(-1) ) and acepromazine (0.03 mg kg(-1) ) intramuscularly. An observer blinded to treatment documented any retching or vomiting for 20 minutes before induction with propofol (2-6 mg kg(-1) ) and inhalation anesthesia. A pH probe inserted into the distal esophagus was used to detect GER.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the dogs in Group M retched or vomited (0/13), 6/13 (46%) in Group S were observed to retch or vomit, and the difference between groups was significant (p = 0.015). There were no differences between groups in the number of dogs with GER (Group M: 4/13, Group S: 6/13 dogs) or the number of reflux events. Esophageal pH at the end of anesthesia was significantly lower in both M and S groups in dogs with GER versus dogs without GER (p = 0.004 and 0.011, respectively). Only dogs with GER in Group S had significantly lower pH at the end compared to the beginning of anesthesia (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous maropitant prevented retching and vomiting associated with acepromazine-hydromorphone premedication. Maropitant did not prevent the occurrence of GER. Fewer dogs in Group M developed GER but further study with a larger number of dogs is necessary to determine if there is a significant difference.
authors: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors: Rebecca A
authors: RA
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000932:Antiemetics; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D011812:Quinuclidines; C518176:maropitant; D000075:Acepromazine; D004091:Hydromorphone
keywords: acepromazine; gastroesophageal reflux; hydromorphone; maropitant; vomiting