title: Effect of low frequency magnetic fields on melanoma: tumor inhibition and immune modulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously found that the low frequency magnetic fields (LF-MF) inhibited gastric and lung cancer cell growth. We suppose that exposure to LF-MF may modulate immune function so as to inhibit tumor. We here investigated whether LF-MF can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma and influence immune function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of MF on the proliferation, cell cycle and ultrastracture of B16-F10 in vitro was detected by cell counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Lung metastasis mice were prepared by injection of 2 × 105 B16-F10 melanoma cells into the tail vein in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were then exposed to an LF-MF (0.4 T, 7.5 Hz) for 43 days. Survival rate, tumor markers and the innate and adaptive immune parameters were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth of B16-F10 cells was inhibited after exposure to the LF-MF. The inhibition was related to induction of cell cycle arrest and decomposition of chromatins. Moreover, the LF-MF prolonged the mouse survival rate and inhibited the proliferation of B16-F10 in melanoma metastasis mice model. Furthermore, the LF-MF modulated the immune response via regulation of immune cells and cytokine production. In addition, the number of Treg cells was decreased in mice with the LF-MF exposure, while the numbers of T cells as well as dendritic cells were significantly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LF-MF inhibited the growth and metastasis of melanoma cancer cells and improved immune function of tumor-bearing mice. This suggests that the inhibition may be attributed to modulation of LF-MF on immune function and LF-MF may be a potential therapy for treatment of melanoma.
authors: Yunzhong
authors: Y
authors: Nie
authors: Leilei
authors: L
authors: Du
authors: Yongbin
authors: Y
authors: Mou
authors: Zhenjun
authors: Z
authors: Xu
authors: Leihua
authors: L
authors: Weng
authors: Youwei
authors: Y
authors: Du
authors: Yanan
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Immunology and Reproduction Biology Lab, Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China. yayihou@nju.edu.cn.
authors: Yayi
authors: Y
authors: Hou
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000528:radiation effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators