title: Evaluation of deoxynivalenol-induced toxic effects on DF-1 cells in vitro: cell-cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of raw and processed cereal food. Lymphoid cells and fibroblasts are specified to be the most DON-sensitive cell types. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of DON in chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells. The results showed that DON significantly inhibited DF-1 cell viability in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner. DON could also inhibit the proliferation of DF-1 cells through G2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle progression. Moreover, oxidative stress induced by DON was indicated by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, DON could also cause mitochondrial damage by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and induce apoptosis accompanied with the up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes including Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and AIFM1. These results suggested that DON could cause cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in DF-1 cells.
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Daotong
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Yaqiong
authors: Y
authors: Ye
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Shaoqing
authors: S
authors: Lin
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Deng
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Xiaolong
authors: X
authors: Fan
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Xianbo
authors: X
authors: Deng
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors: Yugu
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: yanhaikuo@scau.edu.cn.
authors: Haikuo
authors: H
authors: Yan
authors: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: mayongjiang@scau.edu.cn.
authors: Yongjiang
authors: Y
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000235:genetics; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005506:Food Contamination; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014255:Trichothecenes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020169:Caspases; D005978:Glutathione; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Apoptosis; Cell cycle arrest; Cytotoxicity; DF-1 cells; Deoxynivalenol; Oxidative stress