title: Obesity-related adipokines predict patient-reported shoulder pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasingly, an inflammatory modulating effect of adipokines within synovial joints is being recognized. To date, there has been no work examining a potential association between the presence of adipokines in the shoulder and patient-reported outcomes. This study undertakes an investigation assessing these potential links.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 osteoarthritis patients scheduled for shoulder surgery completed a pre-surgery questionnaire capturing demographic information including validated, patient-reported function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire) and pain (Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire) measures. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were analyzed for leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels using Milliplex MAP assays. Linear regression modeling was used to assess the association between adipokine levels and patient-reported outcomes, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and disease severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  54% of the cohort was female (n = 27). The mean age (SD) of the sample was 62.9 (9.9) years and the mean BMI (SD) was 28.1 (5.4) kg/m(2). From regression analyses, greater SF leptin and adiponectin levels, but not regarding resistin, were found to be associated with greater pain (p < 0.05). Adipokine levels were not associated with functional outcome scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identified association between shoulder-derived SF leptin and adiponectin and shoulder pain is likely explained by the pro-inflammatory characteristics of the adipokines and represents potentially important therapeutic targets.
authors: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors: Rajiv
authors: R
authors: Gandhi
authors: Anthony V
authors: AV
authors: Perruccio
authors: Randy
authors: R
authors: Rizek
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Dessouki
authors: Heather M K
authors: HM
authors: Evans
authors: Nizar N
authors: NN
authors: Mahomed
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin