title: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and CSF acetylcholinesterase activity are reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known of vitamin D concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its relation with CSF acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, a marker of cholinergic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 52 consecutive patients under primary evaluation of cognitive impairment and 17 healthy controls. The patients had AD dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD dementia upon follow-up (n = 28), other dementias (n = 12), and stable MCI (SMCI, n = 12). We determined serum and CSF concentrations of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and CSF activities of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF 25OHD level was reduced in AD patients (P < 0.05), and CSF AChE activity was decreased both in patients with AD (P < 0.05) and other dementias (P < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. None of the measured variables differed between BuChE K-variant genotypes whereas the participants that were homozygous in terms of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele had decreased CSF AChE activity compared to subjects lacking the APOE ε4 allele (P = 0.01). In AD patients (n=28), CSF AChE activity correlated positively with CSF levels of total tau (T-tau) (r = 0.44, P < 0.05) and phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), but CSF activities of AChE or BuChE did not correlate with serum or CSF levels of 25OHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, both CSF 25OHD level and CSF AChE activity were reduced in AD patients. However, the lack of correlations between 25OHD levels and CSF activities of AChE or BuChE might suggest different mechanisms of action, which could have implications for treatment trials.
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Falköping, Sweden ; Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Johansson
authors: Erik G
authors: EG
authors: Almqvist
authors: Jan-Ove
authors: JO
authors: Johansson
authors: Niklas
authors: N
authors: Mattsson
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Andreasson
authors: Oskar
authors: O
authors: Hansson
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Wallin
authors: Kaj
authors: K
authors: Blennow
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Zetterberg
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002118:Calcium