title: Effects of ProRoot MTA, Bioaggregate, and Micromega MTA on odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibility and odontogenic potential of newly developed Bioaggregate (BA) and Micromega MTA (MMTA) with ProRoot MTA (PMTA) and intermediate restorative material (IRM) by using human dental pulp cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biocompatibility was assessed by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and scanning electron microscopy. Differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the maker genes. The levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMTA, BA, and MMTA exhibited equally good biocompatibility, whereas IRM showed cytotoxicity compared with these materials. PMTA, BA, and MMTA increased the ALP activity, promoted mineralization nodule formation, and enhanced the mRNA expression level of the osteogenic/odontogenic markers (ALP, osteopontin, osteocalcin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein-1) compared with IRM. The levels of proinflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines were lower in PMTA, BA, and MMTA compared with the IRM group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, the biocompatibility, odontogenic potentials, and inflammatory response of BA and MMTA are equal to those of PMTA and superior to those of IRM.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seok-Woo
authors: SW
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: So-Youn
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and BK 21 Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kee-Yeon
authors: KY
authors: Kum
authors: Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: eckim@khu.ac.kr.
authors: Eun-Cheol
authors: EC
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000187:drug effects; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000187:drug effects; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; D010087:Oxides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D017640:Silicates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein; C557009:BioAggregate; C513309:DMP1 protein, human; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C031667:IRM cement
keywords: Bioaggregate; IRM; Micromega MTA; ProRoot MTA; biocompatibility; dental pulp cells; differentiation