title: Adverse effects of public health interventions: a conceptual framework.
abstract: Public health interventions may have a range of adverse effects. However, there is limited guidance as to how evaluations should address the possibility of adverse effects. This discussion paper briefly presents a framework for thinking about the potential harms of public health interventions, focusing on the following categories: direct harms; psychological harms; equity harms; group and social harms; and opportunity harms. We conclude that the possibility of adverse effects needs to be taken into account by those implementing and evaluating interventions, and requires a broad perspective on the potential impacts of public health strategies.
authors: Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, , London, UK.
authors: Theo
authors: T
authors: Lorenc
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Oliver
mesh_terms: D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011634:Public Health; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: ETHICS; IATROGENIC DI; Outcome Research Evaluation; POLICY; PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY