title: Novel application of rapid prototyping for simulation of bronchoscopic anatomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors used rapid prototyping (RP) technology to create anatomically congruent models of tracheo-bronchial tree for teaching relevant bronchoscopic anatomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single level tertiary academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two 3 dimensional (3D) models of tracheo-bronchial tree (one showing normal anatomy and another with an early take off of right apical bronchus) were recreated from Computed Tomographic images using RP technology. These images were then attached to mannequins and examined with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FFB). These images were then compared with the actual FFB images obtained during lung isolation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The images obtained through the 3D models were found to be congruent to actual patient anatomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RP can be successfully used to create anatomically accurate models from imaging studies. There is potential for RP to become a valuable educational tool in the future.
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Bustamante
authors: Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address: somnathbose@gmail.com.
authors: Somnath
authors: S
authors: Bose
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Peripheral Core Lab, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Bishop
authors: Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Klatte
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Frederick
authors: F
authors: Norris
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: anesthesia education; bronchoscopic anatomy; lung isolation; rapid prototyping; simulation in anesthesia; three dimensional printing