title: Factors determining the appropriateness of ceftriaxone usage at the emergency room of a university hospital in Thailand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ceftriaxone is one of the most common empirical antibiotics prescribed at emergency rooms in Thailand. Inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotics have been frequently reported. The authors aimed to study factors that determine the appropriateness ofceftriaxone usage at an emergency room ofa university hospital in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with age of> 15 years old who received ceftriaxone as empirical treatment at the emergency room between April 1 and May 31, 2010. Appropriateness ofceftriaxone usage was considered according to local recommendations and current published guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 2-months period, 278 patients for whom ceftriaxone was prescribed were included in the analysis. Of these, 109 (39.2%) were men and a median (interquartile range; IQR) age of 62.2 (45.2-75.7) years. Ceftriaxone usage was considered appropriate in 162 (58.3%) cases. By multiple logistic regression, female gender [odds ratio (OR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-3. 70], fever (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.3-6.11), had signs and symptoms of infections (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.37-6.28), and suspicion of sepsis (OR 7.90, 95% CI 3.67-17.07), were associated with appropriateness of ceftriaxone usage, while diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract infection was associated with inappropriate ceftriaxone usage (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proportion of appropriate use of ceftriaxone is fair. As assessed by established criteria, clinical suspicion of infection was associated with appropriateness of ceftriaxone usage for empirical treatment in an emergency room setting. Interventions to improve appropriateness of ceftriaxone prescription should focus on these factors.
authors: * Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: Angsana
authors: A
authors: Phuphuakrat
authors: Sasisopin
authors: S
authors: Kiertiburanakul
authors: Kumthorn
authors: K
authors: Malathum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone