title: Brain-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cells regain growth ability by altering gene expression patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUD/AIM: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequently metastasizes to the brain (BrM). However, genes responsible for BrM of TNBC are yet to be identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiling of TNBC and BrM was conducted, and studies with cultured cells in vitro were performed to verify functions of genes identified in these analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to gene expression analyses of TNBC and BrM, periplakin (PPL) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 (MAPK13) were chosen for further investigations. PPL and MAPK13 were highly expressed in TNBC compared to BrM. While silencing of either PPL or MAPK13 in TNBC cells increased cell growth and reduced cell motility, overexpression of either PPL or MAPK13 in BrM cells, retarded growth rates and facilitated cell motility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene expression patterns in TNBC and BrM reflect cancer cell growth in regions of metastasis.
authors: Cancer Research Institute, Ischemic/Hypoxia Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. Tel: +82 220723993, paeksh@snu.ac.kr.
authors: Youn Kyung
authors: YK
authors: Choi
authors: Sang-Mi
authors: SM
authors: Woo
authors: Sung-Gook
authors: SG
authors: Cho
authors: Hyo Eun
authors: HE
authors: Moon
authors: Yee Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Yun
authors: Jin Wook
authors: JW
authors: Kim
authors: Dong-Young
authors: DY
authors: Noh
authors: Bo Hyung
authors: BH
authors: Jang
authors: Yong Chol
authors: YC
authors: Shin
authors: Jeong-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Hyoung Doo
authors: HD
authors: Shin
authors: Sun Ha
authors: SH
authors: Paek
authors: Seong-Gyu
authors: SG
authors: Ko
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D048292:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051179:Plakins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C491674:PPL protein, human; D051179:Plakins; D048292:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13
keywords: MAPK13; PPL; Triple-negative breast cancer; brain metastasis