title: Emulsification by high frequency ultrasound using piezoelectric transducer: formation and stability of emulsifier free emulsion.
abstract: Emulsifier free emulsion was developed with a new patented technique for food and cosmetic applications. This emulsification process dispersed oil droplets in water without any emulsifier. Emulsions were prepared with different vegetable oil ratios 5%, 10% and 15% (v/v) using high frequency ultrasounds generated by piezoelectric ceramic transducer vibrating at 1.7 MHz. The emulsion was prepared with various emulsification times between 0 and 10h. Oil droplets size was measured by laser granulometry. The pH variation was monitored; electrophoretic mobility and conductivity variation were measured using Zêtasizer equipment during emulsification process. The results revealed that oil droplets average size decreased significantly (p<0.05) during the first 6h of emulsification process and that from 160 to 1 μm for emulsions with 5%, 10% and from 400 to 29 μm for emulsion with 15% of initial oil ratio. For all tested oil ratios, pH measurement showed significant decrease and negative electrophoretic mobility showed the accumulation of OH(-) at oil/water interface leading to droplets stability in the emulsion. The conductivity of emulsions showed a decrease of the ions quantity in solution, which indicated formation of positive charge layer around OH(-) structure. They constitute a double ionic layer around oil particles providing emulsion stability. This study showed a strong correlation between turbidity measurement and proportion of emulsified oil.
authors: Université de lorraine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France; SAS GENIALIS Les Talbots, 18250 Henrichemont, France. Electronic address: messaouda.kaci@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors: Messaouda
authors: M
authors: Kaci
authors: Université de lorraine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France; Institut Européen des Antioxydants (IEA), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
authors: Smail
authors: S
authors: Meziani
authors: Université de lorraine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
authors: Elmira
authors: E
authors: Arab-Tehrany
authors: SAS GENIALIS Les Talbots, 18250 Henrichemont, France.
authors: Guillaume
authors: G
authors: Gillet
authors: SAS GENIALIS Les Talbots, 18250 Henrichemont, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Desjardins-Lavisse
authors: Université de lorraine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France. Electronic address: stephane.desobry@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors: Stephane
authors: S
authors: Desobry
mesh_terms: D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004586:Electrophoresis; D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014159:Transducers; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
keywords: Conductivity; Electrophoretic mobility; Emulsifier free emulsion; High frequency ultrasound; Particle size; pH