title: Occurrence of potentially pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria in Mexican household potable water: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental opportunistic pathogens found in natural and human-engineered waters, including drinking water distribution systems and household plumbing. This pilot study examined the frequency of occurrence of NTM in household potable water samples in Mexico City. Potable water samples were collected from the "main house faucet" and kitchen faucet. The presence of aerobic-mesophilic bacteria (AMB), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and NTM species were determined. Mycobacteria species were identified by PCR restriction enzyme pattern analysis (PRA) of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene (hsp65) and sequencing of the hypervariable region 2 (V2) of the 16S rRNA gene and of the rpoB gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMB (<100 CFU/ml) were present in 118 out of 120 samples; only two samples were outside guidelines ranges (>100 CFU/ml). TC and FC were detected in four and one samples, respectively. NTM species were recovered from 16% samples (19/120) and included M. mucogenicum (nine), M. porcinum (three), M. avium (three), M. gordonae (one), M. cosmeticum (one), M. fortuitum (one), and Mycobacterium sp (one). All household water samples that contained NTM complied with the standards required to grade the water as "good quality" potable water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Household potable water may be a potential source of NTM infection in Mexico City.
authors: Iza
authors: I
authors: Perez-Martinez
authors: Diana A
authors: DA
authors: Aguilar-Ayala
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Fernandez-Rendon
authors: Alma K
authors: AK
authors: Carrillo-Sanchez
authors: Addy C
authors: AC
authors: Helguera-Repetto
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Rivera-Gutierrez
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Estrada-Garcia
authors: Jorge F
authors: JF
authors: Cerna-Cortes
authors: Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas-Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongacion Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col, Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico, D,F, CP 11340, Mexico. jgonzal1212@hotmail.com.
authors: Jorge A
authors: JA
authors: Gonzalez-Y-Merchand
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D060766:Drinking Water; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C074119:heat-shock protein 65, Mycobacterium