title: Oxidative stress markers and micronutrients in maternal and cord blood in relation to neonatal outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress and micronutrient deficiencies have been related to lower birth weight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA) offspring and preterm delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relation between neonatal outcome (BW, head circumference, SGA, preterm delivery) with markers of oxidative stress and micronutrients in maternal and cord blood was to be examined. Oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls (PrCarb), 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA)), total protein concentration and lipid-soluble micronutrients (carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols) were measured in 200 newborns (11% preterms, 13% SGA) and 151 mothers. Associations between target parameters in cord plasma and maternal serum with BW, head circumference and risk of being SGA or preterm were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal protein concentration, PrCarb, MDA and all lipid-soluble micronutrients were significantly higher compared with newborns, except for 3NT, which was significantly elevated in newborns. Newborn parameters correlated positively with those of mothers. Preterms had lower proteins and retinol but higher PrCarb than terms. Maternal PrCarb and retinol were inversely associated with BW and head circumference. Mothers with PrCarb, MDA and retinol in the highest quintile had a 3.3-fold (0.9; 12.1), 2.1-fold (0.7; 6.4) and 3.3-fold (1.2; 9.4) risk, respectively, for delivering an SGA newborn, whereas the lowest quintile of retinol in cord blood was associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress (elevated PrCarb) was associated with lower BW/head circumference and SGA. Inadequate hemodilution may explain the inverse relation of maternal retinol with BW and head circumference, and the association between highest maternal retinol and risk for SGA.
authors: Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Weber
authors: Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Stuetz
authors: Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Bernhard
authors: Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Franz
authors: Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Raith
authors: Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Grune
authors: Department of Applied Nutritional Science/Dietetics, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Breusing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001724:Birth Weight; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000097:blood; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients; D014801:Vitamin A; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde