title: Perceptions of dental professionals and laypeople to altered dental esthetics in cases with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The smile perception of patients is not strictly related to standardized protocols and technical implications which certainly affect clinicians' decisions. The absence of maxillary lateral incisors could affect smile esthetics either with treatment or not. The aim of the present study was to investigate if different perceptions on altered smiles due to missing maxillary lateral incisors, with or without treatment, exist among different groups of people (laypersons, adult orthodontic patients, general dentists, and orthodontists).
  
  
  METHODS
  An ideal smile model was selected and altered simulating different malocclusions and treatment options. Twelve simulations were submitted to four categories of respondents: laypeople, adult orthodontic patients, general dentists and orthodontists. They were asked to express smile perception for each simulation by ranking and rating simulations using a 0 to 100 visual analog scale. Analysis of variance was used to determine if there were statistically significant differences in values assigned among the four categories of respondents for each simulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in smile perceptions were found between professionals (dentists and orthodontists) and laypeople. Presence of dental tipping and marked diastema in the arch were disharmonious aspects less tolerated in a smile by all categories of evaluators. Simulations associated with space closure orthodontic treatment were ranked as the most attractive smile and significantly ranked higher by dental professionals than patients and laypeople.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment, absence of diastema, and symmetry were the most accepted characteristics by all categories of respondents. Ideal orthodontic treatment options might be overestimated by clinicians when compared to laypeople's smile perception.
authors: Orthodontic Program, Department of Orthodontics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. rosamariaf@hotmail.it.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Rosa
authors: Alessia
authors: A
authors: Olimpo
authors: Rosamaria
authors: R
authors: Fastuca
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Caprioglio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000848:Anodontia / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003815:Dentists / Q000523:psychology; D003970:Diastema / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000523:psychology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000523:psychology; D009970:Orthodontics; D010465:Perception; D012904:Smiling / Q000523:psychology; D064232:Visual Analog Scale