title: [Polio vaccines, eradication and posterradication].
abstract: Vaccination against polio generates herd immunity (both with the attenuated (OPV) and inactivated (IPV) vaccines) and this will allow the eradication of the disease. The OPV vaccine produces 2-4 polio cases per cohort of one million children and therefore IPV is used in countries that can afford its cost (about 15 times more expensive than OPV). In 1988 the World Health Assembly established the polio eradication goal as "interruption of wild poliovirus transmission". If the elimination of wild poliovirus were achieved, the use of OPV will produce annually between 250 and 500 cases of polio in the world. From 1999, it was clear that eradication would require ending of immunization with OPV. On the 25th of January, 2013 it is approved the plan for the eradication and containment of all polioviruses, wild or not, so that no child suffers paralytic poliomyelitis. The most important landmarks include the lack of wild polio cases after 2014, the introduction of at least one dose of IPV in all immunization programs and to cease the type 2 OPV vaccination by the end of 2016 and to stop the use of the oral bivalent vaccine in 2019. To achieve all this, a complex scientific work and economic solidarity will be required.
authors: División de Productos Biológicos y Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicamentos de Uso Humano, Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), Madrid, España.
authors: Francisco
authors: F
authors: Salmerón García
authors: Agustín
authors: A
authors: Portela Moreira
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Soler Soneira
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: López Hernández
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Chamorro Somoza Díaz-Sarmiento
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Pérez González
authors: María Isabel
authors: MI
authors: Rubio Gómez
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Pérez González
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Sagredo Rodríguez
authors: Sol
authors: S
authors: Ruiz Antúnez
authors: Marcos
authors: M
authors: Timón Jiménez
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Frutos Cabanillas
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D060740:Disease Eradication / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral