title: Gender differences in clinical characteristics, treatment and long-term outcome in patients with stage C/D heart failure in Japan. Report from the CHART-2 study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The gender differences in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remain to be fully elucidated in the Japanese population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined gender differences in clinical characteristics, treatment and long-term outcome in 4,736 consecutive CHF patients in stage C/D (mean age, 69 years) out of 10,219 patients registered in the CHF Registry, named CHART-2 Study (NCT 00418041). Compared with male patients (68%, n=3,234), female patients (32%, n=1,502) were 3.8 years older and had lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease, diabetes, smoking, myocardial infarction and cancer. At baseline, women had higher prevalence of preserved left ventricular function but had higher NYHA functional class and increased brain natriuretic peptide level. In women, aspirin, β-blockers and statins were less frequently used and diuretics were more frequently used. Crude mortality rate was similar between the genders during the median 3.1-year follow-up (52.4/1,000 and 47.3/1,000 person-years for women and men, respectively, P=0.225). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, women had a reduced risk of mortality (adjusted HR, 0.791; 95% CI: 0.640-0.979, P=0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial gender differences exist in stage C/D CHF patients in real-world practice in Japan. Although female CHF patients had better survival than male patients after adjustment for baseline differences, crude mortality rate was similar between the genders, possibly reflecting relatively severer clinical manifestations in women.
authors: Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors: Yasuhiko
authors: Y
authors: Sakata
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Miyata
authors: Kotaro
authors: K
authors: Nochioka
authors: Masanobu
authors: M
authors: Miura
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Takada
authors: Soichiro
authors: S
authors: Tadaki
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Takahashi
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Shimokawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology