title: Structurally characterized arabinogalactan from Anoectochilus formosanus as an immuno-modulator against CT26 colon cancer in BALB/c mice.
abstract: In this study, the innate immuno-modulatory effects and anti-cancer action of arabinogalactan (AG), a derivative of a well-known orchid, Anoectochilus formosanus, were investigated. The innate immuno-modulatory effects of AG were determined in vitro using RAW 264.7 cells for microarray analysis, and in vivo using BALB/c mice administrated with AG at 5 and 15 mg/kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks. The anti-cancer activity of AG was evaluated by CT26 colon cancer-bearing BALB/c mice. The microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the innate immunity and demonstrated that AG significantly induced the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and co-stimulatory receptors, such as IL-1α, CXCL2, and CD69. An intraperitoneal injection of AG in mice increased the spleen weight, but not the body weight. The treatment of mitogen, LPS significantly stimulated splenocyte proliferation in AG treated groups. The AG treatment also promoted splenocyte cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells and increased the percentage of CD3(+)CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in innate immunity test. Our experiments revealed that AG significantly decreased both tumour size and tumour weight. Besides, AG increased the percentage of DC, CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells, CD49b(+)CD3(-) NK cells among splenocytes, and cytotoxicity activity in tumour-bearing mice. In addition, the immunohistochemistry of the tumour demonstrated that the AG treatments increased the tumour-filtrating NK and cytotoxic T-cell. These results demonstrated that AG, a polysaccharide derived from a plant source, has potent innate immuno-modulatory and anti-cancer activity. AG may therefore be used for cancer immunotherapy.
authors: Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Li-Chan
authors: LC
authors: Yang
authors: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Chang-Chi
authors: CC
authors: Hsieh
authors: Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Ting-Jang
authors: TJ
authors: Lu
authors: School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: wclin@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors: Wen-Chuan
authors: WC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D029595:Orchidaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005685:Galactans; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; C005653:arabinogalactan
keywords: Anoectochilus formosanus; Anti-cancer; Arabinogalactan; Immuno-modulator; Immunotherapy; Polysaccharide