title: Long-term dietary sodium, potassium and fluid intake; exploring potential novel risk factors for renal cell cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As sodium, potassium and fluid intake are related to hypertension, an established risk factor for renal cell cancer (RCC), they may be independent risk factors for RCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) with case-cohort design included 120,852 participants aged 55-69 years. At baseline, diet and lifestyle were assessed with questionnaires. After 17.3 years of follow-up, 485 RCC cases and 4438 subcohort members were available for analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sodium intake increased RCC risk (P-trend=0.03), whereas fluid and potassium intake did not. For high sodium and low fluid intake, the RCC risk additionally increased (P-interaction=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium intake is a potential risk factor for RCC, particularly if fluid consumption is low.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Peter Debyeplein 1, Maastricht 6229 HA, The Netherlands.
authors: I A G
authors: IA
authors: Deckers
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Peter Debyeplein 1, Maastricht 6229 HA, The Netherlands.
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: van den Brandt
authors: Department of Pathology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Peter Debyelaan 25, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: van Engeland
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Peter Debyelaan 25, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
authors: P M M B
authors: PM
authors: Soetekouw
authors: Department of Pathology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Peter Debyelaan 25, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
authors: M M L L
authors: MM
authors: Baldewijns
authors: TNO Quality of Life, Wassenaarseweg 56, Leiden 2333 AL, The Netherlands.
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Goldbohm
authors: Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Peter Debyeplein 1, Maastricht 6229 HA, The Netherlands.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Schouten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary