title: Non-targeted radiation effects in vivo: a critical glance of the future in radiobiology.
abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE), demonstrate the induction of biological non-targeted effects in cells which have not directly hit by radiation or by free radicals produced by ionization events. Although RIBE have been demonstrated using a variety of biological endpoints the mechanism(s) of this phenomenon still remain unclear. The controversial results of the in vitro RIBE and the evidence of non-targeted effects in various in vivo systems are discussed. The experimental evidence on RIBE, indicate that a more analytical and mechanistic in depth approach is needed to secure an answer to one of the most intriguing questions in radiobiology.
authors: Radiation Protection Laboratory, Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
authors: Vasiliki I
authors: VI
authors: Hatzi
authors: Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
authors: Danae A
authors: DA
authors: Laskaratou
authors: Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
authors: Ifigeneia V
authors: IV
authors: Mavragani
authors: Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
authors: Zacharenia
authors: Z
authors: Nikitaki
authors: Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
authors: Anastasios
authors: A
authors: Mangelis
authors: School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, John Muir Building, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
authors: Mihalis I
authors: MI
authors: Panayiotidis
authors: Radiation Protection Laboratory, Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
authors: Gabriel E
authors: GE
authors: Pantelias
authors: Radiation Protection Laboratory, Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
authors: Georgia I
authors: GI
authors: Terzoudi
authors: Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: alexg@mail.ntua.gr.
authors: Alexandros G
authors: AG
authors: Georgakilas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000528:radiation effects; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects*; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011853:Radiobiology / Q000639:trends; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004247:DNA
keywords: Bystander effects; Carcinogenesis; In vivo; Ionizing radiation; Non-targeted effects; Radiobiology