title: The economic burden of hemodialysis in Jordan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodialysis treatment is a costly procedure that requires specific resources. It has a considerable burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare system. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden borne by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Jordan, with a focus on direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect cost.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at MOH hospitals in Jordan, from August to November 2010. A total of 138 patients and 49 caregivers were involved in the study. An economic evaluation study was used to analyze the burden of hemodialysis treatment at MOH, Jordan. Direct medical costs were estimated through micro and macro costing from the provider's perspective. Patients' and caregivers' costs were included to calculate direct non-medical costs. Human capital approach was employed to evaluate the productivity loss for indirect cost and premature death and potential year life loss was used to estimate the premature death cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total burden of hemodialysis at MOH, Jordan was USD17.70 million per year. Cost per session was $72 and the annual cost per patient was $9976. Direct medical cost was $7.20 million (41%) and direct non-medical cost was $2.02 million (11%). On the other hand, indirect cost (productivity loss) was $8.48 million (48%). All 722 patients on hemodialysis at MOH hospitals consumed 2.7% of MOH budget.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Costs of treating and managing patients on hemodialysis at MOH hospitals in Jordan are substantial. Therefore, efforts should be taken to slow down the progress of renal failure to save resources and a comparative study with other modalities, such as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation, should be considered.
authors: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Emad Adel
authors: EA
authors: Al-Shdaifat
authors: Mohd Rizal Abdul
authors: MR
authors: Manaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004180:Direct Service Costs; D004526:Efficiency; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy