title: Causes and consequences of occupational stress in emergency nurses, a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This longitudinal study examines the influence of changes over time in work and organisational characteristics on job satisfaction, work engagement, emotional exhaustion, turnover intention and psychosomatic distress in emergency room nurses.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Organisational and job characteristics of nurses are important predictors of stress-health outcomes. Emergency room nurses are particularly exposed to stressful work-related events and unpredictable work conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in 15 emergency departments of Belgian general hospitals in 2008 (T1) and 18 months later (T2) (n = 170).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Turnover rates between T1 and T2 were high. Important changes over time were found in predictors and outcomes. Changes in job demand, control and social support predicted job satisfaction, work engagement and emotional exhaustion. In addition, changes in reward, social harassment and work agreements predicted work engagement, emotional exhaustion and intention to leave, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Work-related interventions are important to improve occupational health in emergency room nurses and should focus on lowering job demands, increasing job control, improving social support and a well-balanced reward system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing managers should be aware of the causes and consequences of occupational stress in emergency room nurses in order to enable preventive interventions.
authors: Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
authors: Jef
authors: J
authors: Adriaenssens
authors: Veronique
authors: V
authors: De Gucht
authors: Stan
authors: S
authors: Maes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001530:Belgium; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000592:standards*; D010563:Personnel Turnover; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology
keywords: burnout; emergency nurse; job satisfaction; longitudinal design; occupational stress; work engagement