title: When health policy and empirical evidence collide: the case of cigarette package warning labels and economic consumer surplus.
abstract: In its graphic warning label regulations on cigarette packages, the Food and Drug Administration severely discounts the benefits of reduced smoking because of the lost "pleasure" smokers experience when they stop smoking; this is quantified as lost "consumer surplus." Consumer surplus is grounded in rational choice theory. However, empirical evidence from psychological cognitive science and behavioral economics demonstrates that the assumptions of rational choice are inconsistent with complex multidimensional decisions, particularly smoking. Rational choice does not account for the roles of emotions, misperceptions, optimistic bias, regret, and cognitive inefficiency that are germane to smoking, particularly because most smokers begin smoking in their youth. Continued application of a consumer surplus discount will undermine sensible policies to reduce tobacco use and other policies to promote public health.
authors: Anna Song is with Health Psychology, Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced. Paul Brown is with the Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced. Stanton A. Glantz is with the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco.
authors: Anna V
authors: AV
authors: Song
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Brown
authors: Stanton A
authors: SA
authors: Glantz
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D036262:Empirical Research; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D019064:Product Packaging / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D062789:Tobacco Products; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration