title: Navigation-assisted mandibular body distraction osteogenesis: a preliminary study in goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of navigation-assisted distraction osteogenesis of the mandible in a goat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adult goats were included in the present study. A 3-dimensional (3D) image was reconstructed by performing computed tomography (CT) scans in 0.625-mm slices after placement of 5 maxillary marking screws and intermaxillary fixation with a prefabricated occlusal splint using the TBNavis-CMFS navigation system (Multifunctional Surgical Navigation System, Shanghai, China). Simulation distraction was performed to lengthen a unilateral mandibular body by 10 mm. Image-guided distraction osteogenesis was performed on the goat hemimandibles according to the preoperative planning. 3D skeletal measurements from the simulation were compared with those taken from the CT scans at 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Navigation-assisted distraction osteogenesis was successfully performed in all 6 goat hemimandibles. The accuracy of the intraoperative registration was within 1 mm. The hemimandible was lengthened a mean of 10.02 mm (range 9.89 to 10.12). No significant differences were found between the simulation distraction and postoperative 3D measurements (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Navigation-assisted distraction osteogenesis of the mandible in the goat model can be performed with high accuracy using the TBNavis-CMFS navigation system.
authors: Department of Oral Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Oral Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: maxillofacsurg@163.com.
authors: Guofang
authors: G
authors: Shen
authors: Registrar, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors: Andrew Hua-an
authors: AH
authors: Cheng
authors: School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Lin
authors: Department of Oral Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Dedong
authors: D
authors: Yu
authors: School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D006041:Goats; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D023421:Models, Animal; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods