title: Insights into redox sensing metalloproteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis, has evolved sophisticated mechanisms for evading assault by the human host. This review focuses on M. tuberculosis regulatory metalloproteins that are sensitive to exogenous stresses attributed to changes in the levels of gaseous molecules (i.e., molecular oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide) to elicit an intracellular response. In particular, we highlight recent developments on the subfamily of Whi proteins, redox sensing WhiB-like proteins that contain iron-sulfur clusters, sigma factors and their cognate anti-sigma factors of which some are zinc-regulated, and the dormancy survival regulon DosS/DosT-DosR heme sensory system. Mounting experimental evidence suggests that these systems contribute to a highly complex and interrelated regulatory network that controls M. tuberculosis biology. This review concludes with a discussion of strategies that M. tuberculosis has developed to maintain redox homeostasis, including mechanisms to regulate endogenous nitric oxide and carbon monoxide levels.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Chim
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors: Parker M
authors: PM
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: celia.goulding@uci.edu.
authors: Celia W
authors: CW
authors: Goulding
mesh_terms: D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D008667:Metalloproteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006418:Heme; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Hypoxia; Metalloproteins; Molecular gas sensing; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Redox sensing