title: Prevalence of multidrug resistance among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases in a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  India is one of the high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries in the world. India ranks second in harboring multi drug resistant (MDR)-TB cases. About 50,000 of MDR cases are recorded in retreatment pulmonary TB cases. This study was conducted in a tertiary care facility (Government General and Chest Hospital) in Hyderabad, India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  TOASSESS: Proportion of the TB patients having MDR-TB at the initiation of retreatment regimen; the prevalence of isoniazid (INH) resistance in this geographical area.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analytical, observational, prospective cohort study of patients attending the out-patient department from December 2010 to March 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sputum samples from 100 patients were subjected to acid fast bacilli (AFB) culture and drug sensitivity testing. Of these, 28 (28%) were MDR-TB, 42 (42%) were non-MDR-TB and 39% being INH resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, one third of the retreatment pulmonary TB cases attending a tertiary care institute for TB will be MDR-TB at the initiation of treatment and there is a need to include ethambutol in the continuation phase of new TB case treatment in view of high INH resistance.
authors: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors: Subhakar
authors: S
authors: Kandi
authors: Surapaneni Venkateswara
authors: SV
authors: Prasad
authors: P Navaneeth
authors: PN
authors: Sagar Reddy
authors: Vennaposa Chenna Kishore
authors: VC
authors: Reddy
authors: Rajya
authors: R
authors: Laxmi
authors: Dhanamurthy
authors: D
authors: Kopuu
authors: Kiran Kumar
authors: KK
authors: Kondapaka
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Sreenivas Rao
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Vishnu
keywords: Category IV (category four); India; directly observed treatment; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; retreatment cases; short-course plus (DOTS plus)