title: Insulin-associated neuroinflammatory pathways as therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by an abrupt blow or exchange of force against the head and can be categorized as mild, moderate, and severe. The secondary cell death after TBI displays ischemic-like patterns including neuroinflammation. The scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation (CD) 36 is a lipid-associated protein capable of transducing intracellular signals to promote inflammatory mechanisms within different cell types. Expression and activation of CD36 is closely related to dyslipidemia secondary to diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been documented as a co-morbidity factor in TBI, in that patients with a history of diabetes present with more severe brain damage and slower recovery from TBI than non-diabetic patients. Indeed, a strict regulation of blood serum glucose by the use of insulin promotes a better outcome for TBI patients. Based on these recent findings, we now advance the hypothesis that CD36 via DM insulin-associated pathways is closely involved in TBI chronic pathology.
authors: Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Estado de México, Mexico; Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Christian D
authors: CD
authors: Cerecedo-López
authors: Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Estado de México, Mexico; Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Jennifer H
authors: JH
authors: Kim-Lee
authors: Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Hernandez
authors: Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Sandra A
authors: SA
authors: Acosta
authors: Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: cborlong@health.usf.edu.
authors: Cesar V
authors: CV
authors: Borlongan
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D007328:Insulin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein