title: Prevalence, genetic diversity and recombination of species G enteroviruses infecting pigs in Vietnam.
abstract: Picornaviruses infecting pigs, described for many years as 'porcine enteroviruses', have recently been recognized as distinct viruses within three distinct genera (Teschovirus, Sapelovirus and Enterovirus). To better characterize the epidemiology and genetic diversity of members of the Enterovirus genus, faecal samples from pigs from four provinces in Vietnam were screened by PCR using conserved enterovirus (EV)-specific primers from the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR). High rates of infection were recorded in pigs on all farms, with detection frequencies of approximately 90% in recently weaned pigs but declining to 40% in those aged over 1 year. No differences in EV detection rates were observed between pigs with and without diarrhoea [74% (n = 70) compared with 72% (n = 128)]. Genetic analysis of consensus VP4/VP2 and VP1 sequences amplified from a subset of EV-infected pigs identified species G EVs in all samples. Among these, VP1 sequence comparisons identified six type 1 and seven type 6 variants, while four further VP1 sequences failed to group with any previously identified EV-G types. These have now been formally assigned as EV-G types 8-11 by the Picornavirus Study Group. Comparison of VP1, VP4/VP2, 3D(pol) and 5' UTRs of study samples and those available on public databases showed frequent, bootstrap-supported differences in their phylogenies indicative of extensive within-species recombination between genome regions. In summary, we identified extremely high frequencies of infection with EV-G in pigs in Vietnam, substantial genetic diversity and recombination within the species, and evidence for a much larger number of circulating EV-G types than currently described.
authors: Infection and Immunity Division, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.
authors: Nguyen
authors: N
authors: Van Dung
authors: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Pham Hong
authors: PH
authors: Anh
authors: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Nguyen
authors: N
authors: Van Cuong
authors: Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.|Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Ngo Thi
authors: NT
authors: Hoa
authors: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Carrique-Mas
authors: Subdepartment of Animal Health, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam.
authors: Vo Be
authors: VB
authors: Hien
authors: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Campbell
authors: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, UK.|Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.|Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Baker
authors: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Farrar
authors: Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
authors: Mark E
authors: ME
authors: Woolhouse
authors: Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.|Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1 Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors: Juliet E
authors: JE
authors: Bryant
authors: Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.|Infection and Immunity Division, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Simmonds
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004771:Enteroviruses, Porcine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins