title: Generalized ligamentous laxity may be a predisposing factor for musculoskeletal injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine if generalized ligamentous laxity may be a predisposing factor for musculoskeletal injuries in young males. We hypothesized that generalized ligamentous laxity would be more common in individuals with musculoskeletal injuries compared with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective Age- and Gender-matched Case-Control Study examined generalized ligamentous laxity in 100 consecutive individuals aged 18-25 who reported with musculoskeletal injuries to a primary healthcare center in the military. The Beighton score was used to measure joint laxity, which was determined to be present by overall scores equal to or exceeding 4. The control group comprised 100 age- and gender-matched individuals without any musculoskeletal injuries or complaints. The prevalence of generalized ligamentous laxity was then compared between cases and controls. Subgroup analyses were also performed to evaluate the epidemiology of injury within the cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective case-control study examined generalized ligamentous laxity in 100 consecutive individuals aged 18-25 who reported with musculoskeletal injuries to a primary healthcare center in the military. The Beighton score was used to measure joint laxity, which was determined to be present by overall scores equal to or exceeding 4. The control group comprised 100 age- and gender-matched individuals without any musculoskeletal injuries or complaints. The prevalence of generalized ligamentous laxity was then compared between cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generalized ligamentous laxity was present in 12% of the cases compared with 4% of controls Clearer to be presented as (P-value: 0.043). Individuals who presented with musculoskeletal injuries were 3.35 times more likely to have generalized ligamentous laxity as compared to controls. Lower limb injuries were more common than upper limb injuries amongst the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generalized ligamentous laxity was more common in individuals who presented with a musculoskeletal injury. Hence, it may be a predisposing factor for musculoskeletal injuries.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Electronic address: hamidrazak@gmail.com.
authors: Hamid Rahmatullah
authors: HR
authors: Bin Abd Razak
authors: Singapore Armed Forces Medical Corps, Singapore 778910, Singapore.
authors: Noreffendy
authors: N
authors: Bin Ali
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
authors: Tet Sen
authors: TS
authors: Howe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000293:injuries*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Beighton; Hypermobility; Joint; Military; Prehabilitation; Sports