title: Histone deacetylases in cardiac fibrosis: current perspectives for therapy.
abstract: Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological feature of cardiac remodeling in heart diseases. The molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis are unknown. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that balance the acetylation activities of histone acetyltransferases on chromatin remodeling and play essential roles in regulating gene transcription. In recent years, the role of HDACs in cardiac fibrosis initiation and progression, as well as the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors, has been well studied. Moreover, numerous studies indicated that HDAC activity is associated with the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis. In this review, the innovative aspects of HDACs are discussed, with respect to biogenesis, their role in cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, the potential applications of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis associated with fibroblast activation and proliferation.
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Tao
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China. Electronic address: ayskh3@hotmail.com.
authors: Kai-Hu
authors: KH
authors: Shi
authors: School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors: Jing-Jing
authors: JJ
authors: Yang
authors: School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
authors: Cheng
authors: C
authors: Huang
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors: Hong-Ying
authors: HY
authors: Zhan
authors: School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address: yncs01@hotmail.com.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D064752:Atrial Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: Cardiac fibrosis; ECM; Epigenetic; Extracellular matrix; FGF; Fibroblast; Fibroblast growth factor; HATs; HDACs; Histone acetyltransferases; Histone deacetylase; Histone deacetylases; Histone deacetylation; IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor; IGF-IIR/Man-6-P; MEF2; Myocyte enhancer factor-2; NRVMs; Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes; PDGF; PKD1; Platelet-derived growth factor; Proliferation; Protein kinase D1; TGF-β1; TIMPs; Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases; Transforming growth factor β1; α-SMA; α-smooth muscle actin