title: Levels of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in honey samples from different geographic regions.
abstract: Concentrations of 17 brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including two "novel" BFRs (1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, BTBPE and decabromodiphenylethane, DBDPE), have been determined to be in 35 commercial honey samples from Brazil, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia and Morocco. The results revealed the presence of low amounts (between<LOD to 24.7 pg g(-1) fresh weight) of individual BFRs. The highest total BFR concentrations were found in Brazilian honeys (mean of 5.19, range of 0.46-25.2 pg g(-1) f.w.), followed by Moroccan (mean of 4.40, range of 2.49-8.0 pg g(-1) f.w.), Portuguese (mean of 2.24, range of 1.33-3.81 pg g(-1) f.w.), Spanish (mean of 1.77, range of 0.49-2.96 pg g(-1) f.w.), and Slovenian (mean of 0.93, range of 0.75-1.09 pg g(-1) f.w.) honey samples. The most remarkable findings in this study were the large contribution of the low brominated PBDEs, principally BDE-47, found in honey samples from Slovenia, Spain and Portugal. Meanwhile the most abundant BFRs found in Brazilian and Moroccan honeys were the two novel BFRs (BTBPE and DBDPE). The detection of BFRs in honeys from different countries highlights the risk that their presence poses to the health of humans and wildlife since honey is a non-fatty natural product that is highly consumed all over the world.
authors: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima 1000/42, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70040-020 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: susana@viamicro.com.br.
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Mohr
authors: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: a.garcia-bermejo@iqog.csic.es.
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: García-Bermejo
authors: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: lherrero@iqog.csic.es.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Herrero
authors: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: bgomara@iqog.csic.es.
authors: Belén
authors: B
authors: Gómara
authors: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima 1000/19, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: ijonicostabeber@gmail.com.
authors: Ijoni Hilda
authors: IH
authors: Costabeber
authors: Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mariche@iqog.csic.es.
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: González
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D011174:Portugal; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D001969:Bromobenzenes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; C081014:1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane
keywords: BFRs; BTBPE; DBDPE; Honey; PBDEs