title: Removal of emerging contaminants by simultaneous application of membrane ultrafiltration, activated carbon adsorption, and ultrasound irradiation.
abstract: Advanced wastewater treatment is necessary to effectively remove emerging contaminants (ECs) with chronic toxicity, endocrine disrupting effects, and the capability to induce the proliferation of highly resistant microbial strains in the environment from before wastewater disposal or reuse. This paper investigates the efficiency of a novel hybrid process that applies membrane ultrafiltration, activated carbon adsorption, and ultrasound irradiation simultaneously to remove ECs. Diclofenac, carbamazepine, and amoxicillin are chosen for this investigation because of their assessed significant environmental risks. Removal mechanisms and enhancement effects are analysed in single and combined processes. The influence of adsorbent dose and ultrasonic frequency to EC removal are also investigated. Results suggest that adsorption is probably the main removal mechanism and is affected by the nature of ECs and the presence of other components in the mixture. Almost complete removals are achieved in the hybrid process for all ECs.
authors: Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
authors: Mona Freda N
authors: MF
authors: Secondes
authors: Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084 (SA), Italy. Electronic address: vnaddeo@unisa.it.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Naddeo
authors: Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano 84084 (SA), Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Belgiorno
authors: Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
authors: Florencio
authors: F
authors: Ballesteros
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013016:Sound; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac; D002220:Carbamazepine; D002244:Carbon; D000658:Amoxicillin
keywords: Emerging contaminants (amoxicillin, carbamazepine, diclofenac); Hybrid membrane process; Oxidation; PAC; Sonolysis