title: Biceps tenodesis is a viable option for salvage of failed SLAP repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outcomes of arthroscopic superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) repairs have been well reported with generally favorable outcomes. Unfortunately, a percentage of patients remain dissatisfied or suffer further injury after SLAP repair and may seek additional treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of biceps tenodesis for failed SLAP repairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all patients undergoing biceps tenodesis was completed. Inclusion criteria were previous SLAP repair and subsequent revision biceps tenodesis. Exclusion criteria were additional shoulder procedures including rotator cuff repair, instability procedures, and preoperative frozen shoulder. Objective outcomes were postoperative assessments with Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Simple Shoulder Test, and Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey. Physical examination was conducted to determine postoperative range of motion and strength compared with the nonoperative shoulder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cohort of 24 patients was identified, and of these, 17 patients (71%) completed the study at 2 years' follow-up. The average postoperative Constant score was 84.4; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, 75.5; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, 73.1%; Simple Shoulder Test score, 9.2; and Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey score, 76.1. Postoperative range of motion of the operative shoulder returned to near that of the asymptomatic nonoperative shoulder. Workers' compensation status led to inferior results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Options for patients with a failed prior SLAP repair are limited. As a salvage operation for failed SLAP repair, biceps tenodesis serves the majority of patients well, with favorable outcomes by validated measures and excellent shoulder range of motion and elbow strength at 2 years' follow-up. Workers' compensation status may predispose patients to poorer outcomes.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Werner
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Hakan C
authors: HC
authors: Pehlivan
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Hart
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Matthew L
authors: ML
authors: Lyons
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: C Jan
authors: CJ
authors: Gilmore
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Cara B
authors: CB
authors: Garrett
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Eric W
authors: EW
authors: Carson
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Diduch
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: Miller
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Electronic address: sfb2e@virginia.edu.
authors: Stephen F
authors: SF
authors: Brockmeier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001178:Arthroplasty; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D053656:Tenodesis
keywords: SLAP tear; biceps tenodesis; failed slap repair; long head biceps; shoulder range of motion; workers’ compensation insurance