title: Analysis of the intestinal microbiome of a recovered Clostridium difficile patient after fecal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clostridium difficile infections upon antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiota are potentially lethal. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising treatment option for recurrent C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Here, we present a patient with recurrent CDAD that received FMT, leading to full recovery for what has now been 3 years. We performed metagenomic sequencing on stool samples to assess if there are indications for recolonization with C. difficile and changes in the gut microbiota after FMT.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from the stool of the donor and recipient was subjected to illumina sequencing. Obtained read sets were assembled to contiguous sequences and open reading frames were predicted. Deduced proteins were taxonomically assigned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected complex and apparently healthy microbiomes in the donor's and recipient's intestines after FMT, but no indications for C. difficile colonization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metagenomic analysis proved suitable to analyze the intestinal microbiome after FMT. Discussion of our evaluation procedure and data management may be helpful for future studies. We demonstrated restoration of a healthy and diverse gut microbiome with chimeric composition from donor and recipient, and long-lasting clearance of C. difficile. The procedure is simple, cheap, caused no side effects, and was stable over 3 years.
authors: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors: Felix
authors: F
authors: Broecker
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Kube
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Klumpp
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Schuppler
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Biedermann
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Hecht
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hombach
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Keller
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Rogler
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Moelling
mesh_terms: D001691:Biological Therapy; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000628:therapy*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D056186:Metagenomics; D064307:Microbiota; D008875:Middle Aged; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial