title: Impact of land-use on malaria transmission in the Plateau region, southeastern Benin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of the study is to investigate if local agricultural practices have an impact on malaria transmission in four villages located in the same geographical area within a radius of 15 kilometers. Among the villages, one (Itassoumba) is characterized by the presence of a large market garden and fishpond basins, the three others (Itakpako, Djohounkollé and Ko-koumolou) are characterized by traditional food-producing agriculture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Malaria transmission was evaluated using human-landing catches, both indoors and outdoors, two nights per month for 12 months. Field collected females An. gambiae s.l. were exposed for 1 hour to 0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin using WHO insecticide susceptibility test kits and procedures. The presence of the kdr mutation was analyzed by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anopheles gambiae s.s form M (93.65%), was identified as the main malaria vector. Its susceptibility level to pyrethroids was the same (p > 0.05) in all villages. kdr mutation frequencies are 81.08 in Itakpako, 85 in Itassoumba, 79.73 in Djohounkollé and 86.84 in Ko-Koumolou (p = 0.63). The entomological inoculation rate ranged from 9.62 to 21.65 infected bites of An. gambiae per human per year in Djohounkollé, Itakpako and Ko-Koumolou against 1159.62 in Itassoumba (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of resistance of An. gambiae to pyrethroids was the same in the four villages. The heterogeneous character of malaria epidemiology was confirmed. The creation of fishponds basins and the development of market-gardening activities increased drastically the malaria transmission in Itassoumba.
authors: Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin. sart52005@yahoo.fr.
authors: Arthur
authors: A
authors: Sovi
authors: Renaud
authors: R
authors: Govoétchan
authors: Filémon
authors: F
authors: Tokponnon
authors: Hermine
authors: H
authors: Hounkonnou
authors: Rock
authors: R
authors: Aïkpon
authors: Fiacre
authors: F
authors: Agossa
authors: Virgile
authors: V
authors: Gnanguenon
authors: Albert S
authors: AS
authors: Salako
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Agossou
authors: Razaki
authors: R
authors: Ossè
authors: Mariam
authors: M
authors: Okè
authors: Dina
authors: D
authors: Gbénou
authors: Achille
authors: A
authors: Massougbodji
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Akogbéto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001541:Benin / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006802:Human Activities; D006801:Humans; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D026023:Permethrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D026023:Permethrin