title: On the size evolution of monolayer-protected gold clusters during ligand place-exchange reactions: the effect of solvents.
abstract: Ligand place-exchange (LPE) reactions are extensively applied for the post-functionalization of monolayer-protected gold clusters (MPCs) by using excessive incoming ligands to displace initial ones. However, the modified MPCs are often enlarged or degraded; this results in ill-defined size-dependent properties. The growth of MPCs essentially involves an unprotected surface that is subsequently has gold atoms added or is fused with other gold cores owing to collision. Reported herein is a guideline for the selection of solvents to suppress unwanted MPC growth. Favorable solvents are those with significant affinity to gold or with low solubility for desorbed ligands because these properties retard LPE reactions and minimize the time available for unprotected gold cores. This finding provides a general and convenient approach to regulate the size of functionalized MPCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 3366-8670.
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chiu-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Meng-Wen
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Man-Nung
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jhih-Fong
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Min-Jie
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chun-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: density functional calculations; gold; ligand effects; nanoparticles; solvent effects