title: A validation study of the Iranian version of STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) in lumbar central canal stenosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to translate and validate the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective clinical validation study. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire was performed, and a total of 269 patients with lumbar central canal stenosis were asked to respond to the questionnaire at their first visits. Patients also were asked to complete the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Reliability was assessed by internal consistency using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was evaluated by performing convergent validity and responsiveness to change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 58.6 [standard deviation (SD) = 10.9] years; 56.5 % were women. According to patients' imaging, they were diagnosed as grade 1 (n = 86), grade 2 (n = 107), and grade 3 (n = 76). In general, the SBST showed good psychometric properties. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for overall scale (Q1-Q9) and psychosocial subscale (Q5-Q9) was 0.82 and 0.79, respectively. The ODI correlated strongly with overall SBST scores, lending support to its good convergent validity (r = 0.81; P < 0.001). Responsiveness to change also indicated desirable results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, the Iranian version of the SBST performed well, and findings suggest that it is a reliable and valid measure for screening low back pain in patients with lumbar central canal stenosis in primary care settings.
authors.affiliation: Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: parisa.azimi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.affiliation: Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: shahzadisohrab@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sohrab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahzadi
authors.affiliation: Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Azhari@sbmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Shirzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azhari
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: montazeri@acecr.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montazeri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating