title: Anti-müllerian hormone and its clinical use in pediatrics with special emphasis on disorders of sex development.
abstract: Using measurements of circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in diagnosing and managing reproductive disorders in pediatric patients requires thorough knowledge on normative values according to age and gender. We provide age- and sex-specific reference ranges for the Immunotech assay and conversion factors for the DSL and Generation II assays. With this tool in hand, the pediatrician can use serum concentrations of AMH when determining the presence of testicular tissue in patients with bilaterally absent testes or more severe Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). Furthermore, AMH can be used as a marker of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in both Turner Syndrome patients and in girls with cancer after treatment with alkylating gonadotoxic agents. Lastly, its usefulness has been proposed in the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian granulosa cell tumors and in the evaluation of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindhardt Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Casper P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Trine Holm
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Johannsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Katharina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Main
authors.affiliation: INSERM U782 Research Unit and Paris Sud University, 92140 Clamart, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajpert-De Meyts
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juul