title: Body dysmorphic disorder in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder defined as obsessive ideas about distorted physical appearance, leading to social, professional and personal dysfunction. Many of these patients seek aesthetic surgery and are generally dissatisfied with the outcome of their surgery. In the present study patients coming to the otolaryngology clinic of Thaleghani Hospital in Tehran seeking rhinoplasty were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2010 and October 2011, 130 patients seeking rhinoplasty were recruited in a cross-sectional study. These patients were consecutively interviewed in the otolaryngology clinic of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Questionnaires were filled containing demographic data. BDD was evaluated by a separate questionnaire. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire was filled to evaluate depression and anxiety. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software. The frequency and standard deviations were calculated. Differences between groups were evaluated by using the chi-square, and t-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety nine (76.2%) of rhinoplasty candidates were female and thirty one (23.8%) were male. Eighty five (65.4%) were single and thirty eight (29.2%) were married while seven were divorced. About 63.8% were University students or University graduates. Mean age was 26.43±6.29 years old. 41 patients (31.5%) had BDD. Among BDD patients 12 (29.3%) had concurrent depression and 11 (26.8%) had concurrent anxiety. No statistically significant correlation was found between the presence or severity of BDD and age, gender, marital status, level of education and profession.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the high prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) among rhinoplasty candidates, psychiatric evaluation is advisable before surgery to avoid unnecessary operations and patient dissatisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Fathololoomi MR, MD, Associate Professor, ENT Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fathololoomi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mr
authors.affiliation: Goljanian Tabrizi A, MD, Assistant Professor, ENT Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Goljanian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tabrizi A
authors.affiliation: Fattahi Bafghi A, MD, Associate Professor, ENT Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fattahi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bafghi A
authors.affiliation: Noohi SA, MD, Assistant Professor, ENT Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Noohi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sa
authors.affiliation: Makhdoom A, MD, General Practitioner, ENT Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Makhdoom
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: A
keywords: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD); Cosmetic surgery; Psychiatric disorders; Rhinoplasty