title: Rapid monitoring in vaccination campaigns during emergencies: the post-earthquake campaign in Haiti.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The earthquake that struck Haiti in January 2010 caused 1.5 million people to be displaced to temporary camps. The Haitian Ministry of Public Health and Population and global immunization partners developed a plan to deliver vaccines to those residing in these camps. A strategy was needed to determine whether the immunization targets set for the campaign were achieved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the vaccination campaign, staff from the Ministry of Public Health and Population interviewed convenience samples of households - in specific predetermined locations in each of the camps - regarding receipt of the emergency vaccinations. A camp was targeted for "mop-up vaccination" - i.e. repeat mass vaccination - if more than 25% of the children aged 9 months to 7 years in the sample were found not to have received the emergency vaccinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rapid monitoring was implemented in camps located in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Camps that housed more than 5000 people were monitored first.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the end of March 2010, 72 (23%) of the 310 vaccinated camps had been monitored. Although 32 (44%) of the monitored camps were targeted for mop-up vaccination, only six of them had received such repeat mass vaccination when checked several weeks after monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid monitoring was only marginally beneficial in achieving immunization targets in the temporary camps in Port-au-Prince. More research is needed to evaluate the utility of conventional rapid monitoring, as well as other strategies, during post-disaster vaccination campaigns that involve mobile populations, particularly when there is little capacity to conduct repeat mass vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States of America (USA).
authors.forename: Jeanette J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rainey
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States of America (USA).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sugerman
authors.affiliation: International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA .
authors.forename: Muireann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti .
authors.forename: Jean Ronald
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cadet
authors.affiliation: Health Section, United Nations Children's Fund, Port-au-Prince, Haiti .
authors.forename: Jackson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ernsly
authors.affiliation: Expanded Programme on Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Port-au-Prince, Haiti .
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lacapère
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Family Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, USA .
authors.forename: M Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Danovaro-Holliday
authors.affiliation: Health Section, United Nations Children's Fund, Port-au-Prince, Haiti .
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mubalama
authors.affiliation: Health Section, United Nations Children's Fund, New York, USA .
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nandy
mesh_terms: D004190:Disasters; D055866:Earthquakes; D006205:Haiti; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012066:Relief Work / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data