title: Dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging of nonhuman primate brain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate hyperpolarized (13) C metabolic imaging methods in the primate brain that can be translated into future clinical trials for patients with brain cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  (13) C coils and pulse sequences designed for use in humans were tested in phantoms. Dynamic (13) C data were obtained from a healthy cynomolgus monkey brain using the optimized (13) C coils and pulse sequences. The metabolite kinetics were estimated from two-dimensional localized (13) C dynamic imaging data from the nonhuman primate brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pyruvate and lactate signal were observed in both the brain and the surrounding tissues with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 218 and 29 for pyruvate and lactate, respectively. Apparent rate constants for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate showed a difference between brain and surrounding tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]-pyruvate for assessing in vivo metabolism in a healthy nonhuman primate brain was demonstrated using a hyperpolarized (13) C imaging experimental setup designed for studying patients with brain tumors. The kinetics of the metabolite conversion suggests that this approach may be useful in future studies of human neuropathology.
authors.affiliation: Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ilwoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Peder E Z
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tropp
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: Galen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.forename: Fraser
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Robb
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bringas
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kells
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pivirotto
authors.forename: Krystof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bankiewicz
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid
keywords: Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging; dynamic nuclear polarization; primate brain; pyruvate