title: An evaluation of Milligan-Morgan and Ferguson procedures for haemorrhoidectomy at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  o compare the outcome of Milligan-Morgan (MMH) and Ferguson (FH) techniques for haemorrhoidectomy with regard to postoperative pain, control of bleeding, early mobilization of patients and wound healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized clinical study conducted between January 2005 to December 2008, 213 patients with late 2(nd) degree; third or fourth degree hemorrhoids were assigned to two groups. One hundred ten patients in group A were operated by an open method and 103 patients in group B were operated by closed method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age ranged from 22-70 years with mean age of 45.5 years. Peak incidence was between 41-50 years. Out of 213 patients, 170 (79.81%) were male and 43 (20.18%) were females. The mean ± SD operating time was significantly more in group B (31.3±4.8 min) than group A (25.2±5.6). The duration of hospitalization and duration off from work was more in group A than the group B. Wound healing was quicker in group B than the group A. Post operative pain scores were significantly low in the Group A than Group B during first 24 hours and at first bowel movements. Reactionary hemorrhage occurred in 4 (3.63%) patients of group A, no patient in group B developed this complication. Retention of urine was seen in 13 (11.81%) patients in group A and 4 (3.88%) in group B. No patient in group A developed anal stenosis, while 3 (2.91%) patients in group B developed anal stenosis. Wound infection was one (0.9%) in group A and two (1.9%) in group B. Two (3.63%) patients in group A came with recurrent hemorrhoids and in group B, only one (0.97%) patient reported recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The closed technique is more beneficial with respect to postoperative pain, control of bleeding, early mobilization of patients and wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Abdul Razaque Shaikh, Department of General Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical Health & Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul Razaque
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: Dr. Abdul Ghafoor Dalwani, MS, Department of General Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical Health & Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul Ghafoor
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dalwani
authors.affiliation: Dr. Nasuarullah Soomro, MBBS, Department of General Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical Health & Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nasarullah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soomro
keywords: Closed haemorrhoidectomy; Complications; Open haemorrhoidectomy