title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Enhanced glycemic control, pancreas protective, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects by umbelliferon-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2(I) → 1(II))-α-D-glucopyranoside in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
abstract: 14 November 2025 The Publisher has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the figures, specifically: Fig. 21c and d appear to overlap (with rotation); Fig. 22a and e appear to overlap; Fig. 24a and e appear to overlap; A number of images in Figs. 19-26 appear to overlap with the authors' other articles [1,2]; Vikas Kumar does not agree with this retraction. Danish Ahmed, Firoz Anwar, and Mohd Mujeeb have not responded to any correspondence from the Publisher about this retraction. The Publisher has been unable to obtain a current email address for Mohammed Ali. References [1] Kumar, V., Ahmed, D., Verma, A. et al. Umbelliferone β-D-galactopyranoside from Aegle marmelos (L.) corr. an ethnomedicinal plant with antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 13, 273 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-273 [2] Kumar, V., Anwar, F., Ahmed, D. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Paederia foetida Linn. leaf extract: an antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 14, 76 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-76
  
  
  
  The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of umbelliferon-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2I → 1II)-α-D-glucopyranoside (UFD) from Aegle marmelos Corr. on serum glucose, lipid profile and free radical scavenging activity in normal and STZ (streptozotocin) induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  
  Diabetes was induced by single interperitoneal injecting of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) in the rats. All the rats were divided into following groups; I - nondiabeteic, II - nondiabetic + UFD (40 mg/kg, p.o.), III - diabetic control, IV - UFD (10 mg/kg, p.o.), V - UFD (20 mg/kg, p.o.), VI - UFD (40 mg/kg) and VII - glibenclamide (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Serum glucose level and body weight were determined periodically. Biochemical parameter, antioxidant enzyme and histopathology study were performed on the day 28. Oral glucose tolerance test study was performed to identify the glucose utilization capacity.
  
  
  
  All the doses of UFD and glibenclamide decrease the level of serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1-6-biphosphate and increased the level of plasma insulin, hexokinase. The UFD doses also showed effects on antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase which were significantly increased and the level of malonaldehyde was markedly decreased. Histologically study, focal necrosis, deposition of fats, increased the size of the intercalated disc were observed in the diabetic rat liver, kidney, heart and pancreas but was less obvious in treated groups. The mechanism of action of the UFD emerges to be due to increase the activity of antioxidant enzyme and secretion of pancreatic insulin.
  
  
  
  Reduction in the FBG (fasting blood glucose), glycated hemoglobin, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1-6-biphosphate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxides, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL levels and improvement in the level of the plasma insulin, hexokinase, HDL was observed by the UFD treated rats. The result indicates that UFD has anti-diabetic activity along with anti hyperlipidemic and antioxidant efficacy and provides a scientific rationale to be used as an Anti-diabetic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007 India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007 India.
authors.forename: Danish
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Sidharatha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248001 India.
authors.forename: Firoz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Phytochemisty & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Phytochemisty & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mujeeb
keywords: Antidiabetic; Antihyperlipidemic; Glibenclamide; Streptozotocin; Umbelliferon-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(2I → 1II)-α-D-glucopyranoside