title: 'Resting toucher': a time and motion analysis of elite lawn bowls.
abstract: Whilst numerous investigations have explored the physical demands placed upon competitive sportspeople from a wide array of sports little is known about the physical demands placed on lawn bowlers. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the movement activities of Australian representative singles and pairs players and to determine the frequency and duration of these activities. One match each of two male and two female players (one singles and one pairs player per gender) were videotaped during an international tournament. During playback of the videotaped matches (n = 4), a single observer coded the players' activities into five distinct categories (waiting, walking forward, walking backward, jogging and bowling) using a computerised video editing system (Gamebreaker™ Digital Video Analysis System). Field calibration of players over 30m for forward motions and 15m for the backward motion was performed to allow for the estimation of total distance covered during the match. Heart rate was monitored during each match. The duration of a match was found to be (mean ± SD) 1hr 28 ± 15mins. The total distance covered during each match was 2093 ± 276m. The mean percentage of match time spent in each motion was: waiting, 61.8 ± 9.3%; walking forward, 22.3 ± 5.6%; walking backward, 2.0 ± 0.4%; jogging, 1.1 ± 0.5%; and bowling, 8.5 ± 4.2%. Average heart rate was found to be 57 ± 7% of age-predicted HRmax with a maximum of 78 ± 9% of age-predicted HRmax. The results of this study suggest that playing lawn bowls at an international level requires light-moderate intensity activity similar to that reported for golf. Key PointsThe duration of a lawn bowls match played in sets play was 1hr 28 ± 15mins.The majority (65%) of this time was spent in the motion category "waiting".Players covered more than 2000m during a match with the vast majority (85%) in the form of forward walking.The average heart rate was 107 ± 15 bpm or 57 ± 7% of age-predicted HRmax.The game of lawn bowls requires light-moderate intensity activity and appears to be similar to the physical demands of golf.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science & Sport Management, Southern Cross University , Lismore, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silk
authors.affiliation: School of Education, Southern Cross University , Lismore, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science & Sport Management, Southern Cross University , Lismore, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Weatherby
keywords: Frequency; energy expenditure; heart rate; mean duration