title: Oxidative stress in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major healthcare concern, constituting a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. Among the factors leading to TBI outcome are biochemical cascades which occur in response to primary and secondary injury. These mechanisms generate oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents that can result in neural dysfunction and death. After TBI, an assembly of oxidative stress markers (carbonylated proteins, lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species) are produced in the brain, while antioxidant defense enzymes decrease (GSH, ratio GSH/GSSG, GPx, GR, GST, G-6PD, SOD, CAT). This imbalance is directly related to the pathogenesis of TBI. Therefore, the development of antioxidant strategies is of primary interest in ongoing efforts to optimize brain injury treatment. The success of any drug intervention strategy relies, in part, on knowledge of the optimal dosage and therapeutic window for its administration. But while the enzymes involved in oxidative stress have been identified, the temporal course of this imbalance following TBI has yet to be determined. This would explain why most antioxidant strategies developed to treat patients with TBI have failed.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Egea-Guerrero
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murillo-Cabezas
authors.affiliation: NeuroCritical Care Unit. Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n 41013 Seville, Spain. juanjoegea@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Vico
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione