title: Future agents and treatment directions in multiple myeloma.
abstract: The development of bortezomib and immunomodulatory agents resulted in a revolution in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Moreover, second-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib) and immunomodulatory agents (pomalidomide) have recently been approved. Nevertheless, the incurability of this disease requires other drugs with different mechanisms of action to either prolong the survival of patients refractory to current therapies, or achieve cure. Active research has been done exploring the pathogenesis of MM and searching for novel, druggable targets. In this regard, some of these novel agents seem promising, such as monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD38 - daratumumab or anti-CS1 - elotuzumab) or the kinesin protein inhibitor Arry-520. Other agents under investigation are kinase inhibitors, signaling pathways inhibitors or deacetylase inhibitors. With so many novel agents under investigation, future therapy in MM will probably involve the combined use of the already approved drugs with some of those newly discovered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC),University Hospital & Cancer Research Center, P. San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ocio
authors.forename: Constantine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Robert Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Orlowski
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D001897:Boronic Acids; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; C524865:carfilzomib