title: Paternal factors in spontaneous first trimester miscarriage.
abstract: Objectives : To determine whether paternal factors i.e., age, tobacco use and genital tract infection increase the risk for spontaneous first trimester miscarriage. Methodology : This case control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Unit V / IV, Dow Medical College & Lyari General Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Duration of study was two and half years, from Nov, 2007 to Apr, 2010. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with age 20 - 35 years irrespective of parity. Exclusion criteria were known medical illness in either partner, induced abortion and recurrent miscarriages. Studied paternal factors were age, tobacco use and genital tract infection. Data was computed using SPSS version 16. Significance of paternal factors was determined by Logistic Regression Analysis. Results : Total cases studied were 200, while there were 400 controls. Mean maternal age was 27.6±4.9 years in cases and 26.5±4.5 years in controls. Mean paternal age was 35.5±6.2 years in cases and 32.3±5.4 years in controls. Paternal age was >35 years in 54.5% cases and 16.8% controls. Spearman Bivariate correlation revealed paternal age > 35 years (p=0.000) and genital tract infection (p=0.043) as significant factors. Only paternal age >35 years (p=0.000) remained significant in Final Model after entering into logistic regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paternal age beyond 35 years was found to be significantly related to first trimester spontaneous miscarriages.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Riffat Jaleel, MBBS, FCPS, Assistant Professor, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Unit II, Dow Medical College & Civil Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Riffat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaleel
authors.affiliation: Ayesha Khan, MBBS, FRCOG, Professor, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Unit II, Dow Medical College & Civil Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Drug abuse; Male genital tract infection; Paternal age; Spontaneous miscarriage