title: Proteome screening of pleural effusions identifies galectin 1 as a diagnostic biomarker and highlights several prognostic biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma.
abstract: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive asbestos-induced cancer, and affected patients have a median survival of approximately one year after diagnosis. It is often difficult to reach a conclusive diagnosis, and ancillary measurements of soluble biomarkers could increase diagnostic accuracy. Unfortunately, few soluble mesothelioma biomarkers are suitable for clinical application. Here we screened the effusion proteomes of mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma patients to identify novel soluble mesothelioma biomarkers. We performed quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomics using isobaric tags for quantification and used narrow-range immobilized pH gradient/high-resolution isoelectric focusing (pH 4-4.25) prior to analysis by means of nano liquid chromatography coupled to MS/MS. More than 1,300 proteins were identified in pleural effusions from patients with malignant mesothelioma (n = 6), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 6), or benign mesotheliosis (n = 7). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000531. The identified proteins included a set of known mesothelioma markers and proteins that regulate hallmarks of cancer such as invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion, plus several new candidate proteins. Seven candidates (aldo-keto reductase 1B10, apolipoprotein C-I, galectin 1, myosin-VIIb, superoxide dismutase 2, tenascin C, and thrombospondin 1) were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in a larger group of patients with mesothelioma (n = 37) or metastatic carcinomas (n = 25) and in effusions from patients with benign, reactive conditions (n = 16). Galectin 1 was identified as overexpressed in effusions from lung adenocarcinoma relative to mesothelioma and was validated as an excellent predictor for metastatic carcinomas against malignant mesothelioma. Galectin 1, aldo-keto reductase 1B10, and apolipoprotein C-I were all identified as potential prognostic biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma. This analysis of the effusion proteome furthers our understanding of malignant mesothelioma, identified galectin 1 as a potential diagnostic biomarker, and highlighted several possible prognostic biomarkers of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden SE-141 86;
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mundt
authors.forename: Henrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forshed
authors.forename: Sertaç
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metintas
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dobra
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehtiö
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjerpe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D019295:Computational Biology; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000086002:Mesothelioma, Malignant; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D037483:Galectin 1; D020543:Proteome