title: Determination of vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and coumarin in infant formula by liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry.
abstract: A simple, precise, accurate, and validated liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and coumarin in infant formula samples. Following ultrasonic extraction with methanol/water (1:1, vol/vol), and clean-up on an HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge (Waters Corp., Milford, MA), samples were separated on a Waters XSelect HSS T3 column (150 × 2.1-mm i.d., 5-μm film thickness; Waters Corp.), with 0.1% formic acid solution-acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Quantiﬁcation of the target was performed by the internal standard approach, using isotopically labeled compounds for each chemical group, to correct matrix effects. Data acquisition was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring transitions mode, monitoring 2 multiple reaction monitoring transitions to ensure an accurate identiﬁcation of target compounds in the samples. Additional identiﬁcation and conﬁrmation of target compounds were performed using the enhanced product ion modus of the linear ion trap. The novel liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry platform offers the best sensitivity and speciﬁcity for characterization and quantitative determination of vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and coumarin in infant formula and fulfills the quality criteria for routine laboratory application.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Electronic address: shenyan@wzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Wenzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P.R.C, Wenzhou 325027, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Wenzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P.R.C, Wenzhou 325027, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hainan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P.R.C, Haikou 570311, China.
authors.forename: Zhengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Zhoushan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P.R.C, Zhoushan 316000, China.
authors.forename: Xiujin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Chengjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Wenzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P.R.C, Wenzhou 325027, China.
authors.forename: Zhenou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000032:analysis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000032:analysis; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D002273:Carcinogens; D003374:Coumarins; D005421:Flavoring Agents; C030123:coumarin; C100058:vanillin; C045941:ethyl vanillin
keywords: coumarin; ethyl vanillin; infant formula; vanillin