title: First detailed reconstruction of the karyotype of Trachypithecus cristatus (Mammalia: Cercopithecidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chromosomal homologies of human (Homo sapiens = HSA) and silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus cristatus = TCR) have been previously studied by classical chromosome staining and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applying chromosome-specific DNA probes of all human chromosomes in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  However, as the resolution of these techniques is limited we used multicolor banding (MCB) at an ~250-band level, and other selected human DNA probes to establish a detailed chromosomal map of TCR. Therefore it was possible to precisely determine evolutionary conserved breakpoints, orientation of segments and distribution of specific regions in TCR compared to HSA. Overall, 69 evolutionary conserved breakpoints including chromosomal segments, which failed to be resolved in previous reports, were exactly identified and characterized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work also represents the first molecular cytogenetic one characterizing a multiple sex chromosome system with a male karyotype 44,XY1Y2. The obtained results are compared to other available data for old world monkeys and drawbacks in hominoid evolution are discussed.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiaobo
authors.forename: Krit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pinthong
authors.forename: Hasmik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mkrtchyan
authors.forename: Pornnarong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siripiyasing
authors.forename: Nadezda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosyakova
authors.forename: Weerayuth
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Supiwong
authors.forename: Alongkoad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanomtong
authors.forename: Arunrat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaveerach
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liehr
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Bello Cioffi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany. Anja.Weise@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weise