title: Characterisation and in silico analysis of interleukin-4 cDNA of nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
abstract: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced from Th2 cells modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. It is a common belief that wild animals possess better immunity against diseases than domestic and laboratory animals; however, the immune system of wild animals is not fully explored yet. Therefore, a comparative study was designed to explore the wildlife immunity through characterisation of IL-4 cDNA of nilgai, a wild ruminant, and Indian buffalo, a domestic ruminant. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of nilgai and Indian buffalo and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Respective cDNA was further cloned and sequenced. Sequences were analysed in silico and compared with their homologues available at GenBank. The deduced 135 amino acid protein of nilgai IL-4 is 95.6% similar to that of Indian buffalo. N-linked glycosylation sequence, leader sequence, Cysteine residues in the signal peptide region, and 3' UTR of IL-4 were found to be conserved across species. Six nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions were found in Indian buffalo compared to nilgai amino acid sequence. Tertiary structure of this protein in both species was modeled, and it was found that this protein falls under 4-helical cytokines superfamily and short chain cytokine family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a single cluster of ruminants including both nilgai and Indian buffalo that was placed distinct from other nonruminant mammals.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Palai
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India ; Genetic Research Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, India.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India ; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hatle
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D015847:Interleukin-4