title: Role of tomato lipoxygenase D in wound-induced jasmonate biosynthesis and plant immunity to insect herbivores.
abstract: In response to insect attack and mechanical wounding, plants activate the expression of genes involved in various defense-related processes. A fascinating feature of these inducible defenses is their occurrence both locally at the wounding site and systemically in undamaged leaves throughout the plant. Wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors (PIs) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) provide an attractive model to understand the signal transduction events leading from localized injury to the systemic expression of defense-related genes. Among the identified intercellular molecules in regulating systemic wound response of tomato are the peptide signal systemin and the oxylipin signal jasmonic acid (JA). The systemin/JA signaling pathway provides a unique opportunity to investigate, in a single experimental system, the mechanism by which peptide and oxylipin signals interact to coordinate plant systemic immunity. Here we describe the characterization of the tomato suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses8 (spr8) mutant, which was isolated as a suppressor of (pro)systemin-mediated signaling. spr8 plants exhibit a series of JA-dependent immune deficiencies, including the inability to express wound-responsive genes, abnormal development of glandular trichomes, and severely compromised resistance to cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and Botrytis cinerea. Map-based cloning studies demonstrate that the spr8 mutant phenotype results from a point mutation in the catalytic domain of TomLoxD, a chloroplast-localized lipoxygenase involved in JA biosynthesis. We present evidence that overexpression of TomLoxD leads to elevated wound-induced JA biosynthesis, increased expression of wound-responsive genes and, therefore, enhanced resistance to insect herbivory attack and necrotrophic pathogen infection. These results indicate that TomLoxD is involved in wound-induced JA biosynthesis and highlight the application potential of this gene for crop protection against insects and pathogens.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liuhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qingzhe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Vegetable, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Minmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiaqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Bao
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuanyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020171:Botrytis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000201:enzymology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D060434:Herbivory; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics*; D058945:Lipoxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D057865:Plant Immunity; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014947:Wounds and Injuries
chemical_list: D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C073705:prosystemin protein, Lycopersicon esculentum; C011006:jasmonic acid; D058945:Lipoxygenases; D008084:Lipoxygenase