title: Snail1 correlates with patient outcomes in E-cadherin-preserved gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The poor prognosis of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is largely associated with metastasis. We here report the first study to investigate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers Snail1 and E-cadherin in GEJ adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Snail1 and E-cadherin were detected by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 128 patients with surgically resected GEJ adenocarcinoma. We assessed the pathologic and prognostic relevance in all patients and within clinically different preserved E-cadherin and reduced E-cadherin-expressing sub-groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactivity for Snail1 and E-cadherin was positive in 68 and 43 % of tumors, respectively. Snail1-positive tumors had more frequent lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage. E-cadherin expression was highly associated with histological differentiation, tumor size, advanced stage, presence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Patients with positive E-cadherin expression or negative Snail1 expression had significantly favorable overall survival rate. In E-cadherin-preserved tumors, the expression of Snail1 was related to lymph node metastasis, advanced stage and poor patient outcome. However, Snail1 expression had no statistically significant relationship with clinicopathologic parameters or prognosis in the reduced E-cadherin-expressing sub-group. Multivariate survival analysis identified that tumor stage [hazard ratio (HR) 2.440; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.216-4.896; P = 0.012], lymph node metastasis (HR 2.404; 95 % CI 1.188-4.867; P = 0.015) and gender (HR 3.244; 95 % CI 1.568-6.714; P = 0.002) were independent prognostic markers for overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Snail1 may act more critically in E-cadherin-positive tumors. Evaluation of Snail1 and E-cadherin in GEJ adenocarcinoma may help in assessing malignant properties and stratifying patients.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000502:physiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors