title: Noninvasive assessment of left atrial phasic function in patients with hypertension and diabetes using two-dimensional speckle tracking and volumetric parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the left atrial phasic function of hypertensive patients with or without coexisting diabetes using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE)-based strain and strain rate imaging and volumetric parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included an isolated hypertension group (HT group) comprising 99 patients, a hypertension and diabetes group (HT + DM group) comprising 65 patients, and 26 age-matched healthy controls. The 2DSTE-based strain and strain rate images were studied, and the following parameters were measured: peak left atrial longitudinal strain (LAS-S ), early diastolic (LAS-E ) and late diastolic (LAS-A ) atrial longitudinal strains, and systolic (LASR-S ), early diastolic (LASR-E ) and late diastolic (LASR-A ) strain rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LAS-S and LASR-S were lower in the HT group and the HT + DM group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The LAS-E and LASR-E were lower in the HT group (14.9 ± 5.5% and -1.1 ± 0.4/sec, respectively) than in the control group (22.1 ± 8.3% and -1.7 ± 0.6/sec, respectively) (P < 0.001), and they were further depressed in the HT + DM group (12.3 ± 6.3% and -1.0 ± 0.4/sec, respectively) (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in LAS-A or LASR-A among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that HT and DM were independently related to LAS-E and LASR-E .
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension can lead to abnormal left atrial reservoir and conduit functions, and coexisting diabetes can further impair conduit function. 2DSTE-derived strain and strain rate imaging are sensitive methods for evaluating left atrial phasic function.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dechun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Yunpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhijuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Jinqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Changyue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chitian
authors.forename: Xiuyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yinong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: diabetes; hypertension; left atrial phasic function; speckle tracking