title: FES assisted standing in people with incomplete spinal cord injury: a single case design series.
abstract: METHODS
  Single case cross-over design with multiple baselines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare two functional electrical stimulation (FES) training protocols to assist sit-to-stand in people with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four subjects with incomplete SCI undertook nine sessions of FES supported cycling at either 100 or 35 Hz stimulus frequency repeated. Ground reaction force and rate of generation of vertical ground reaction force during standing from sitting were measured before and after each training series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects improved their ability to generate greater support through the feet after training with 35 Hz stimulus paradigm but increased the rate of force production after training with 100 Hz stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different FES training paradigms appear to produce different responses; however the ability to stand up seems more responsive to training with 35 Hz FES stimulation.
authors.affiliation: 1] Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia [2] School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crosbie
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: A I P
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Tanhoffer
authors.affiliation: Exercise, Health and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fornusek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult