title: Expertise and processing distorted structure in chess.
abstract: A classic finding in research on human expertise and knowledge is that of enhanced memory for stimuli in a domain of expertise as compared to either stimuli outside that domain, or within-domain stimuli that have been degraded or distorted in some way. However, we do not understand how experts process degradation or distortion of stimuli within the expert domain (e.g., a face with the eyes, nose, and mouth in the wrong positions, or a chessboard with pieces placed randomly). Focusing on the domain of chess, we present new fMRI evidence that when experts view such distorted/within-domain stimuli, they engage an active search for structure-a kind of exploratory chunking-that involves a component of a prefrontal-parietal network linked to consciousness, attention and working memory.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cognition and Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX, USA.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Young Harris College, Young Harris GA, USA.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Boggan
authors.affiliation: Program in Cognition and Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
keywords: chess; chunking; consciousness; expertise; meaning; prefrontal-parietal network; structure