title: Levels of 25 cytokines in the first seven days of life in newborn infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Novel methods for cytokine analysis allow for the simultaneous measurement of 25 cytokines in 50 μL serum or plasma. Data on values of most of these cytokines in non-infected newborn infants are lacking. We analyzed levels of 25 cytokines in the first week of life in non-infected preterm and term infants and related them to gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first week after birth, no trend over time was found in any of the cytokines, except for IL-1Ra and IL-6 where higher values were found in the first four hours. Between 24 and 72 hrs levels of IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IFNγ, MIP-1a, MCP-1, TNFα were lower in infants born after 30-32 wks compared to infants ≥ 36 wks; levels of IL-6, IL-10, IP-10 were lower in preterm infants of both 30-32 and 33-36 weeks. No difference between groups for any of the levels was found for IL-1b, IL-2r, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IFNa, MIP-1b, GM-CSF, Eotaxin and RANTES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of 25 interleukines are stable in the first week of life in non-infected infants. Infants born after 30-32 wks showed lower levels of fourteen cytokines compared to infants born after more then 36 wks. This indicates a lower stimulation or activation of Th-1 cells, monocytes and dendritic cells in these infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. setyadewi13@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Setyadewi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lusyati
authors.forename: Christian V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Hulzebos
authors.forename: Jantien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zandvoort
authors.forename: Pieter J J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines