title: MRI performed on dedicated knee coils is inaccurate for the measurement of tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance (TTD) is a significant factor in patello-femoral instability. Initially described on CT scans with the knee in full extension, the measurement has been validated on MR scans. Dedicated knee MRI coils have subsequently superseded both CT and MRI body coils for knee imaging. However, the knee rests in partial flexion within the dedicated knee coil. The objective of this study is to investigate whether images from dedicated knee MRI coils produce different TTD measurements from MR body coils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two symptomatic knees (27 patients) had simultaneous knee MR scans performed in both a dedicated knee coil and a body coil. TTD measurements were independently compared to assess whether the coil type used affected TTD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' ages ranged from 10 to 27 years (mean 15 years). Mean TTD in the dedicated knee coil (partially flexed knee) was 11.3 mm compared with 19.9 mm in the body coil (that permits full knee extension). The mean difference was 8.6 mm, which was highly significant (p < 0.0001, unpaired t test). Inter-rater correlation co-efficient was 96 %. Of the knees that recorded a "normal" TTD on the dedicated knee coil, 60-100 % recorded a "pathological" TTD on body coil images, depending on which diagnostic value for "normal" cut-off was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has identified a highly significant difference in TTD measurement when knees are scanned in a dedicated knee coil with the knee partially flexed, compared with an MR body coil. It is critical for surgeons and radiologists managing patello-femoral instability to appreciate this profound difference. TTD measurement taken from knees scanned in dedicated knee coils may lead to patients being falsely re-assured or erroneously denied surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longfleet Road, Poole, Dorset, BH15 2JB, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aarvold
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sakthivel
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Ayer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D057071:Patellofemoral Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology*; D014159:Transducers; D055815:Young Adult