title: Acute and chronic effects of sleep duration on blood pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and sleep duration as measured by 7-day sleep diary and nocturnal polysomnography in normal-weight adolescents without significant obstructive sleep apnea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects aged 10 to 17.9 years with an obstructive apnea hypopnea index <5 underwent polysomnography for 9.5 hours and 24-hour ABP monitoring commencing at noon on the same day. ABP was divided into prepolysomnography, in bed during polysomnography, and postpolysomnography periods for separate analyses. Sleep duration (SpD7) was obtained from a 7-day sleep diary, reflecting the sleep pattern in the week before admission. Total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SpE) were obtained from polysomnography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 143 adolescents participated. SpD7 was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in prepolysomnography, in-bed, and postpolysomnography periods (all β = -2 mm Hg) and with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in prepolysomnography and in-bed periods (all β = -1 mm Hg). TST was inversely associated with SBP in the postpolysomnography period (β = -1.5 mm Hg). SpE was inversely associated with SBP in in-bed period (β = -0.1 mm Hg) and with DBP in in-bed (β = -0.1 mm Hg) and postpolysomnography (β = -0.2 mm Hg) periods. Neither TST nor SpE was associated with SBP and DBP in prepolysomnography period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short sleep duration as reflected by 7-day sleep diary was associated with higher blood pressure in normal-weight adolescents. Occasional adequate sleep may partially ameliorate the risk of high blood pressure but may not completely reverse the effect of long-term sleep insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: MPhil, Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. junau@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Chun Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Crover Kwok Wah
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Yun Kwok
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: Hugh Simon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Albert Martin
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: adolescents; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; obesity; obstructive sleep apnea; short sleep