title: Whole blood gene expression profiles in insulin resistant Latinos with the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Although insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is well-characterized, the role of circulating whole blood in the metabolic syndrome phenotype is not well understood. We set out to test the hypothesis that genes involved in inflammation, insulin signaling and mitochondrial function would be altered in expression in the whole blood of individuals with metabolic syndrome. We further wanted to examine whether similar relationships that we have found previously in skeletal muscle exist in peripheral whole blood cells. All subjects (n=184) were Latino descent from the Arizona Insulin Resistance registry. Subjects were classified based on the metabolic syndrome phenotype according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. Of the 184 Latino subjects in the study, 74 were classified with the metabolic syndrome and 110 were without. Whole blood gene expression profiling was performed using the Agilent 4x44K Whole Human Genome Microarray. Whole blood microarray analysis identified 1,432 probes that were altered in expression ≥ 1.2 fold and P<0.05 after Benjamini-Hochberg in the metabolic syndrome subjects. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment for pathways including ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and MAPK signaling (all Benjamini-Hochberg P<0.05). Whole blood mRNA expression changes observed in the microarray data were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Transcription factor binding motif enrichment analysis revealed E2F1, ELK1, NF-kappaB, STAT1 and STAT3 significantly enriched after Bonferroni correction (all P<0.05). The results of the present study demonstrate that whole blood is a useful tissue for studying the metabolic syndrome and its underlying insulin resistance although the relationship between blood and skeletal muscle differs.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Samantha E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tangen
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Darwin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsinajinnie
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ; Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gabriel Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Shaibi
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ; Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mandarino
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ; Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America ; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Dawn K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Coletta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001130:Arizona; D001665:Binding Sites; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors