title: Recent advances in discovery, heterologous expression, and molecular engineering of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase for versatile applications.
abstract: Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an important enzyme with multiple functions, in particular the production of cyclodextrins. It is also widely applied in baking and carbohydrate glycosylation because it participates in various types of catalytic reactions. New applications are being found with novel CGTases being isolated from various organisms. Heterologous expression is performed for the overproduction of CGTases to meet the requirements of these applications. In addition, various directed evolution techniques have been applied to modify the molecular structure of CGTase for improved performance in industrial applications. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in the heterologous expression and molecular engineering of CGTases. In this review, we systematically summarize the heterologous expression strategies used for enhancing the production of CGTases. We also outline and discuss the molecular engineering approaches used to improve the production, secretion, and properties (e.g., product and substrate specificity, catalytic efficiency, and thermal stability) of CGTase.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Ruizhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, China. Electronic address: gcdu@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guocheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi 214122, China. Electronic address: longliu@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering of Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019020:Directed Molecular Evolution; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C019963:cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase
keywords: Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase); Directed evolution; Heterologous expression; Molecular modification