title: Kidney transplant grafts with complete ureteral duplication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of renal transplants using donor grafts with complete ureteral duplication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1999 and 2011, we performed 1368 kidney transplant procedures, including 87 dual kidney transplants. There were 12 transplants with donor kidneys that had complete ureteral duplication, including 2 patients who had grafts with ureteral duplication that were used to perform a dual kidney transplant. In 11 patients with ureteral duplication, the 2 ureters were anastomosed separately to the bladder with a double Lich-Gregoir technique; in 1 patient, a ureteroureteral terminolateral anastomosis and single ureteroneocystostomy were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary tract infections were noted during the first year after transplant in 7 patients (58%) that had kidney grafts with duplicated ureters (4 patients with 1 infection each; 3 patients with 2 infections each), but none developed pyelonephritis, functional impairment, or graft loss. There were no other urologic or renal complications observed in recipients of grafts with ureteral duplication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Donor kidneys with ureteral duplication may be used in renal transplant. The double Lich-Gregoir technique may provide excellent results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Fedele
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lasaponara
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalmasso
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosio
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasquale
authors.forename: Omidreza
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sedigh
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santià
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures