title: Forsythiaside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens by downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
abstract: Forsythiaside, a phenylethanoside product isolated from air-dried fruits ofForsythia suspensa, has been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activitiesin vitro. However, its mechanism and the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of chickens are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of forsythiaside on LPS-induced acute inflammation. In addition, the potential molecular mechanisms of forsythiaside were analyzed in the BF, a special immune organ in chickens. Forty 15-day-old chickens were randomly divided into control, LPS and LPS plus forsythiaside (30 or 60 mg/kg) groups (n=10 for each group). In the LPS plus forsythiaside (30 or 60 mg/kg) groups, the chickens were orally administered with forsythiaside at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg for seven days. At 21 days old, the chickens were intravenously injected with 200 μg/kg body weight LPS. Chickens in the control and LPS groups were only administered with vehicle or LPS, respectively, at day 21. At 3 h post-injection, the body temperature and nitric oxide (NO) levels were analyzed. In addition, the levels and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, and the mRNA expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), were examined in the BFs isolated from the chickens. The results revealed that forsythiaside was able to attenuate the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in the BFs of the chickens. The mechanisms by which forsythiaside exerted its anti-inflammatory effect were found to correlate with the inhibition of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 production, via the inactivation of NF-κB, indicating that the NF-κB-iNOS-NO signaling pathway may be important in this process.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China ; College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guangdong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yulian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xianxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chongshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: bursa of Fabricius; forsythiaside; inflammation; lipopolysaccharide; nuclear factor-κB