title: Use of provider-based complementary and alternative medicine by adult smokers in the United States: Comparison from the 2002 and 2007 NHIS survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a snapshot of provider-based complementary and alternative medicine (pbCAM) use among adult smokers and assess the opportunity for these providers to deliver tobacco cessation interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2002 and 2007 National Health Interview Surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54,437 (31,044 from 2002; 23,393 from 2007) adults 18 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis focuses on 10 types of pbCAM, including acupuncture, Ayurveda, biofeedback, chelation therapy, chiropractic care, energy therapy, folk medicine, hypnosis, massage, and naturopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportions of current smokers using any pbCAM as well as specific types of pbCAM in 2002 and 2007 are compared using SAS SURVEYLOGISTIC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2002 and 2007, the percentage of recent users of any pbCAM therapy increased from 12.5% to 15.4% (p = .001). The largest increases occurred in massage, chiropractic, and acupuncture. Despite a decrease in the national average of current smokers (22.0% to 19.4%; p = .001), proportions of smokers within specific pbCAM disciplines remained consistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners, particularly those in chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage, represent new cohorts in the health care community to promote tobacco cessation. There is an opportunity to provide brief tobacco intervention training to CAM practitioners and engage them in public health efforts to reduce the burden of tobacco use in the United States.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: Myra L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Muramoto
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howerter
authors.forename: Lysbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Floden
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Acupuncture; Chiropractic; Health focus: smoking control; Manuscript format: research; Massage; Outcome measure: behavioral; Prevention Research; Research purpose: descriptive; Setting: national; Smoking; Strategy: skill building/behavior change, policy; Study design: nonexperimental; Target population circumstances: education/income level, race/ethnicity; Target population: adults; Tobacco Use Cessation; Training