title: Early and late postoperative inflammatory and collagen deposition responses in three different meshes: an experimental study in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although meshes reduce abdominal hernia recurrence, they increase the risk of inflammatory complications. This study aimed to compare the early and late postoperative inflammation and collagen deposition responses induced by three meshes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were allocated into three groups. In group I, a polypropylene (PP) mesh was implanted in the abdominal wall. In groups II and III, PP + polyglactin (PP + PG) and PP + titanium (PP + TI) meshes were employed, respectively. On the seventh (7th) postoperative day, collagen deposition and inflammation were evaluated, and immunohistochemistry was performed on abdominal wall biopsies. These data were compared with those obtained on the fortieth (40th) postoperative day in a previous study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The early inflammatory responses were the same in all groups. With time, it decreased in group I (p = 0.047) and increased in group II (p = 0.003). Group I exhibited early elevated VEGF (p < 0.001), COX2 (p < 0.001), and collagen (p = 0.023) levels, and group II exhibited the most severe inflammatory tissue response. On the 40th postoperative day, the VEGF (p < 0.001) and collagen (p < 0.005) were reduced as compared with the 7th postoperative day in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Belatedly, the inflammatory reaction decreased in PP mesh group and increased in PP + PG mesh group. The PP mesh induced early great elevations in VEGF, COX2 and collagen levels, whereas the PP + PG mesh caused severe tissue inflammation with small elevation in these levels. PP + TI mesh induced inflammatory response levels between the others. In conclusion, the inflammatory response depends on the mesh density and also the mesh material with clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Pós-Graduação em Ciência Cirúrgica Interdisciplinar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 610-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04024-002, Brazil, crisgama@bol.com.br.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pereira-lucena
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artigiani Neto
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: de Rezende
authors.forename: G de J
authors.initials: Gde J
authors.lastname: Lopes-Filho
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Linhares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011098:Polyglactin 910 / Q000009:adverse effects; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D011126:Polypropylenes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D011098:Polyglactin 910; D003094:Collagen; D014025:Titanium