title: Non-tumor necrosis factor-based biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: present, future, and insights into pathogenesis.
abstract: The way rheumatoid arthritis is treated has changed dramatically with the introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biologics. Nevertheless, many patients still have less than adequate control of their disease activity even with these therapeutic regimens, and current knowledge fails to explain all the data already gathered. There is now a wide range of drugs from different classes of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs available (and soon this number will increase significantly), that provides the opportunity to address each patient as a particular case and thereby optimize medical intervention. Currently available biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis apart from anti-TNF-based therapies are reviewed, along with an analysis of the new insights they provide into the pathogenesis of the disease and a discussion of future prospects in the area.
authors.affiliation: Immunomediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine 4, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipe Seguro
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: Immunomediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine 4, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal ; Center for the Study of Chronic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Delgado
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Alves
keywords: non-anti-tumor necrosis factor; pathogenesis; rheumatoid arthritis; treatment