title: Homologue specific analysis of a polyether trisiloxane surfactant in German surface waters and study on its hydrolysis.
abstract: The occurrence of a polyether trisiloxane surfactant in the ng L(-1) range in German surface waters is reported for the first time. The studied surfactant does not ubiquitously occur in the aquatic environment but can reach surface waters on a local scale. As a first step towards the understanding of the environmental fate, the hydrolysis was studied according to the OECD guideline 111. It confirmed that the trisiloxane surfactant is sensitive to hydrolysis and that the hydrolysis rate strongly depends on the pH and the temperature. If one takes only into account the hydrolysis, the trisiloxane surfactant could persist several weeks in river water (the half-life in water is approximately 50 days at pH 7, 25 °C, and an initial concentration of 2 mg L(-1)). A degradation product, more polar than the initial trisiloxane surfactant, was identified by high resolution mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: DVGW Water Technology Center (DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany; TU Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: DVGW Water Technology Center (DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Brauch
authors.affiliation: TU Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Worch
authors.affiliation: DVGW Water Technology Center (DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: frankthomas.lange@tzw.de.
authors.forename: Frank T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006207:Half-Life; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008956:Models, Chemical; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D012833:Siloxanes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C473569:silwet L-77
keywords: Hydrolysis; OECD guideline 111; Occurrence; Silwet(®) L77; Trisiloxane surfactant