title: Radiation doses of cerebral blood volume measurements using C-arm CT: A phantom study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parenchymal blood volume measurement by C-arm CT facilitates in-room peritherapeutic perfusion evaluation. However, the radiation dose remains a major concern. This study aimed to compare the radiation dose of parenchymal blood volume measurement using C-arm CT with that of conventional CTP using multidetector CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  A biplane DSA equipped with C-arm CT and a Rando-Alderson phantom were used. Slab parenchymal blood volume (8-cm scanning range in a craniocaudal direction) and whole-brain parenchymal blood volume with identical scanning parameters, except for scanning ranges, were undertaken on DSA. Eighty thermoluminescent dosimeters were embedded into 22 organ sites of the phantom. We followed the guidelines of the International Commission on Radiation Protection number 103 to calculate the effective doses. For comparison, 8-cm CTP with the same phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeter distribution was performed on a multidetector CT. Two repeat dose experiments with the same scanning parameters and phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeter settings were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain-equivalent dose in slab parenchymal blood volume, whole-brain parenchymal blood volume, and CTP were 52.29 ± 35.31, 107.51 ± 31.20, and 163.55 ± 89.45 mSv, respectively. Variations in the measurement of an equivalent dose for the lens were highest in slab parenchymal blood volume (64.5%), followed by CTP (54.6%) and whole-brain parenchymal blood volume (29.0%). The effective doses of slab parenchymal blood volume, whole-brain parenchymal blood volume, and CTP were 0.87 ± 0.55, 3.91 ± 0.78, and 2.77 ± 1.59 mSv, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dose measurement conducted in the current study was reliable and reproducible. The effective dose of slab parenchymal blood volume is about one-third that of CTP. With the advantages of on-site and immediate imaging availability and saving procedural time and patient transportation, slab parenchymal blood volume measurement using C-arm CT can be recommended for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.).
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.).
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (W.S.C., T.H.W.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.).
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.).
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (W.S.C., T.H.W.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. wyguo@vghtpe.gov.tw tung@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, TaiwanSchool of Medicine (W.F.C., C.J.L., S.C.H., C.F.C., W.Y.G.) wyguo@vghtpe.gov.tw tung@ym.edu.tw.
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D001810:Blood Volume; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation*