title: Abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipocyte morphology and its relation to gene expression, lipolysis and adipocytokine levels in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that women with adipocyte hypertrophy in either omental (OM) or subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue are characterized by alterations in adipocyte lipolysis and adipose tissue expression of genes coding for proteins involved in adipocyte metabolism or inflammation, independent of overall adiposity and fat distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  OM and SC fat samples were obtained surgically in 44 women (age: 47.1±5.0years, BMI: 27.7±5.3kg/m(2)). In a given depot, women with larger adipocytes than predicted by the regression of adipocyte size vs. total and regional adiposity measurements were considered as having adipocyte hypertrophy, whereas women with smaller adipocytes than predicted were considered as having adipocyte hyperplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with OM adipocyte hypertrophy had significantly lower SC GLUT4 mRNA abundance (p≤0.05), higher SC CEBPB mRNA expression (p≤0.05) as well as higher mRNA expression of OM PLIN (p≤0.05), CD68 (p≤0.10), CD14 (p≤0.10), CD31 (p≤0.05) and vWF (p≤0.05) compared to women with OM adipocyte hyperplasia. OM adipocyte isoproterenol- (10(-10) to 10(-5)mol/L), forskolin- (10(-5)mol/L) and dibutyryl cAMP- (10(-3)mol/L) stimulated lipolysis was higher in women with hypertrophic OM adipocytes (p≤0.05, for all). Women with SC adipocyte hypertrophy had lower SC mRNA expression of GLUT4 (p≤0.10), higher SC mRNA expression of CEBPB (p≤0.05), lower plasma adiponectin concentrations (p≤0.05) and higher SC adipocyte isoproterenol- (10(-9) to 10(-5)mol/L) stimulated lipolysis (p≤0.05) compared to women with SC adipocyte hyperplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertrophic adipocytes in both fat compartments are characterized by alterations in adipocyte lipolysis and adipose tissue expression of genes coding for proteins involved in adipocyte metabolism or inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nephrology, Laval University Medical Center; Department of Nutrition, Laval University.
authors.forename: Andréanne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nephrology, Laval University Medical Center; Department of Nutrition, Laval University.
authors.forename: Marie Michèle
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Boulet
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veilleux
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Unit, Laval University Medical Center Quebec City.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Unit, Laval University Medical Center Quebec City.
authors.forename: Gaétan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Nephrology, Laval University Medical Center; Department of Nutrition, Laval University. Electronic address: andre.tchernof@crchul.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tchernof
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009852:Omentum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human
keywords: Adipocyte; Gene expression; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Inflammation; Lipolysis