title: Kolaviron, a Garcinia biflavonoid complex ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated hepatic injury in rats via suppression of inflammatory responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in hyperglycemia-induced liver injury. Kolaviron (KV), a natural biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds have been shown to possess anti- inflammatory properties which has not been explored in diabetes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of KV on pro-inflammatory proteins in the liver of diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. Kolaviron (100 mg/kg) was administered orally five times a week for six weeks. The concentrations of cytokines and chemokine were measured using Bio-plex Pro™ magnetic bead-based assays (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). Plasma glucose and serum biomarkers of liver dysfunction were analyzed with diagnostic kits in an automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Insulin concentration was estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kolaviron (100mg/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction. Serum levels of hepatic marker enzymes were significantly reduced in kolaviron treated diabetic rats. Kolaviron prevented diabetes induced increase in the hepatic levels of proinflammatory cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that the hepatoprotective effects of kolaviron in diabetic rats may be partly associated with its modulating effect on inflammatory responses.
authors.forename: Omolola R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Ayepola
authors.forename: Novel N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Chegou
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa. oguntibejuo@cput.ac.za.
authors.forename: Oluwafemi O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Oguntibeju
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029763:Garcinia kola / Q000737:chemistry; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013311:Streptozocin
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin; C045492:kolaviron