title: Higher levels of circulating CXCL-9 and CXCL-11 in euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroiditis and recurrent spontaneous abortions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to measure serum CXCL-9 and CXCL-11 levels in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one euthyroid, non-pregnant women with AIT and a history of unexplained first trimester RSA, 35 euthyroid women with AIT, and 29 healthy controls matched for age and body mass index were enrolled. Serum CXCL-9 and CXCL-11 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum CXCL-9 and -11 levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001 for both) in the antibody-positive women with a history of abortions than in both control groups. Additionally, CXCL-9 levels were higher in patients with AIT without RSA than in healthy controls. No significant differences were found in CXCL-9 and -11 levels in subjects with a history of RSA in relation to the number of previous abortions. In multiple linear regression analyses, abortions were significantly related to CXCL-9 (β-coefficient = 0.174, p < 0.001), CXCL-11 (β-coefficient = 0.490, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher circulating levels of CXCL-9 and -11 have been shown in non-pregnant AIT patients with a history of RSA as compared to both control groups, suggesting that this subgroup produce a more dominant Th-1 cytokine profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and.
authors.forename: Aynur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aktas
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Berberoglu
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fidan
authors.forename: Ayse Canan
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Yazıcı
authors.forename: Gonul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aral
authors.forename: Esranur
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ademoglu
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bekdemir
authors.forename: Ziynet
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Alphan
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11 / Q000097:blood*; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9