title: Relationship between coronary flow reserve evaluated by phase-contrast cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance and serum eicosapentaenoic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is associated with a low risk for cardiovascular disease. Phase-contrast cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (PC cine CMR) can assess coronary flow reserve (CFR). The present study investigates the relationship between CFR evaluated by PC cine CMR and the serum EPA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 127 patients (male, 116 (91%); mean age, 72.2 ± 7.4 years) with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). X-ray coronary angiography revealed no significant coronary arterial stenoses (defined as luminal diameter reduction ≥ 50% on quantitative coronary angiogram (QCA) analysis) in all study participants. Breath-hold PC cine CMR images of the coronary sinus (CS) were acquired to assess blood flow of the CS both at rest and during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion. We calculated CFR as CS blood flow during ATP infusion divided by that at rest. Patients were allocated to groups according to whether they had high (n = 64, EPA ≥ 75.8 μg/mL) or low (n = 63, EPA < 75.8 μg/mL) median serum EPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFR was significantly lower in the low, than in the high EPA group (2.54 ± 1.00 vs. 2.91 ± 0.98, p = 0.038). Serum EPA positively correlated with CFR (R = 0.35, p < 0.001). We defined preserved CFR as > 2.5, which is the previously reported lower limit of normal flow reserve without obstructive CAD. Multivariate analysis revealed that EPA is an independent predictor of CFR > 2.5 (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 - 1.02, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The serum EPA is significantly correlated with CFR in CAD patients without significant coronary artery stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomiokahigashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan. shingo.m12226@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusakawa
authors.forename: Ikuyoshi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakachi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terauchi
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D062485:Breath Holding; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003287:Contrast Media; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid