title: Diverse functional interactions between nitric oxide and abscisic acid in plant development and responses to stress.
abstract: The extensive support for abscisic acid (ABA) involvement in the complex regulatory networks controlling stress responses and development in plants contrasts with the relatively recent role assigned to nitric oxide (NO). Because treatment with exogenous ABA leads to enhanced production of NO, it has been widely considered that NO participates downstream of ABA in controlling processes such as stomata movement, seed dormancy, and germination. However, data on leaf senescence and responses to stress suggest that the functional interaction between ABA and NO is more complex than previously thought, including not only cooperation but also antagonism. The functional relationship is probably determined by several factors including the time- and place-dependent pattern of accumulation of both molecules, the threshold levels, and the regulatory factors important for perception. These factors will determine the actions exerted by each regulator. Here, several examples of well-documented functional interactions between NO and ABA are analysed in light of the most recent reported data on seed dormancy and germination, stomata movements, leaf senescence, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
authors.affiliation: Plant Development and Hormone Action, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Mari Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coego
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lozano-Juste
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mir
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D063245:Plant Development; D057445:Plant Dormancy; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000040:Abscisic Acid
keywords: ABA; abiotic stress; defence; leaf senescence; nitric oxide; seed germination; stomatal closure.