title: Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block in children with umbilical hernia: Case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Umbilical hernia repair, a common day-case surgery procedure in children, is associated with a significant postoperative pain. The most popular peripheral nerve blocks used in umbilical hernia repair are rectus sheath infiltration and caudal block. The rectus sheath block may offer improved pain relief following umbilical hernia repair with no undesired effects such as lower limb motor weakness or urinary retention seen with caudal block which might delay discharge from the hospital. Ultrasound guidance of peripheral nerve blocks has reduced the number of complications and improved the quality of blocks. The aim of this case series is to assess the post rectus sheath block pain relief in pediatric patients coming for umbilical surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty two (22) children (age range: 1.5-8 years) scheduled for umbilical hernia repair were included in the study. Following the induction of general anesthesia, the ultrasonographic anatomy of the umbilical region was studied with a 5-16 MHz 50 mm linear probe. An ultrasound-guided posterior rectus sheath block of both rectus abdominis muscles (RMs) was performed (total of 44 punctures). An in-plain technique using Stimuplex A insulated facet tip needle 22G 50mm. Surgical conditions, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, and postoperative analgesia by means of the modified CHEOPS scale were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ultrasonograghic visualization of the posterior sheath was possible in all patients. The ultrasound guided rectus sheath blockade provided sufficient analgesia in all children with no need for additional analgesia except for one patient who postoperatively required morphine 0.1 mg/kg intravenously. There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound guidance enables performances of an effective rectus sheath block for umbilical hernia. Use of the Stimuplex A insulated facet tip needle 22G 50mm provides easy, less traumatic skin and rectus muscle penetration and satisfactory needle visualiza.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric Anaesthesia Division, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdul Hamid
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alsaeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric Anaesthesia Division, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thallaj
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric Anaesthesia Division, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric Anaesthesia Division, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Almutaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aljazaeri
keywords: Anesthesia; analgesia; anesthetic techniques; peripheral nerve block; postoperative; rectus sheath block; regional; surgery; ultrasonography; umbilical; umbilical hernia