title: A proteomic and metabolomic approach for understanding the role of the flor yeast mitochondria in the velum formation.
abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae "flor" yeast shows a strong tolerance to high ethanol concentrations and develops a velum (biofilm) on the wine surface after the alcoholic fermentation of grape must. This velum remains along several years during the so called "biological aging" process in the elaboration of some special wines carried out in specific regions around the world and it contributes to the typical organoleptic characteristics of these wines. In order to grow in this condition, flor yeast has to elaborate a response where the mitochondrial function is essential. The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of the mitochondria in the response of a flor yeast, S. cerevisiae G1, growing in a controlled velum formation condition. For this purpose, proteome and metabolome were characterized by comparing data with those from an initial fermentative condition used as reference. The obtained proteomic profiles show more mitochondrial proteins related with the ethanol resistance (13), cell respiration (18), mitochondrial genome maintenance (13), and apoptosis (2) detected under the velum formation condition. Also, the finger-printing obtained by means of the exo-metabolites directly related with the quality of fermented beverages and quantified in the velum condition shows important differences from those obtained in the reference condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Marie Curie (C3) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A, Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain. Electronic address: mi1gamaj@uco.es.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mauricio
mesh_terms: D005285:Fermentation; D055442:Metabolome; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020543:Proteome; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
keywords: Flor yeast; Metabolome; Mitochondria; Proteome; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Velum