title: Phrygian Cap Appearance of a Mouse Gallbladder on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: We used live-animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the gallbladders of male mice. These healthy mice were fasted overnight before the study and anesthetized in an animal chamber, with a gas mixture of oxygen and isoflurane for small animal MRI. In the course of these live-animal MRI studies, we observed a Phrygian cap appearance to the gallbladder of one healthy-appearing 6-week-old male mouse, similar to that of the human gallbladder described in many reports. After euthanasia for measurement of bile content, this mouse's gallbladder appeared anatomically normal. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Phrygian cap appearance of the murine gallbladder.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Raufman
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Kunrong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vivian
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Rao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gullapalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polli
keywords: Gallbladder; Mouse; Phrygian cap; Small animal MRI