title: A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of experimental cigarettes manufactured with banded papers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To comply with state requirements, cigarette manufacturers have added low-permeability bands to the cigarette paper. These bands can extinguish the cigarette when it is no longer being puffed by a smoker.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicology resulting from the addition of different types of bands to experimental cigarettes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A battery of assays that are typically used in toxicology studies with cigarette smoke, namely smoke chemistry, in vitro mutagenicity and cytotoxicity, and inhalation studies with rats, were used to evaluate different band characteristics added to cigarette paper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although differences in the amount of band material was associated with an increase in some metals measured in mainstream tobacco smoke, it was not dose responsive to any band design parameter (base paper permeability, band width, band spacing, band chalk amount, or citrate). Occasional, minor differences were produced by the different types of bands; overall, there was no increased toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were increases and decreases in some mainstream smoke constituents, the in vitro and in vivo testing performed demonstrated that low-permeability bands on cigarettes do not modify the toxicity of smoke inhaled by smokers.
authors.affiliation: Regulatory Affairs, Altria Client Services Inc. , Richmond, Virginia , USA and.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Werley
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jerome
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: DeSoi
authors.forename: Christopher R E
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Coggins
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.forename: Willie J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McKinney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010209:Paper; D010539:Permeability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D002482:Cellulose