title: The association between cortisol and neighborhood disadvantage in a U.S. population-based sample of adolescents.
abstract: The association between neighborhood conditions and cortisol is rarely studied in children or adolescents and has been hampered by small sample size and racial/ethnic and geographic homogeneity. Our objective was to estimate the association between neighborhood disadvantage and salivary cortisol levels in a large, geographically and racially/ethnically diverse sample of adolescents from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Salivary cortisol was collected before and after an interview administered in the adolescent's home. We used a propensity score approach to match adolescents living in disadvantaged neighborhoods with those in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods to create two similar groups based on the time and day of cortisol collection as well as demographic characteristics. Adolescents living in disadvantaged neighborhoods had higher pre-interview cortisol levels and steeper rates of decline in cortisol levels over the course of the interview than similar adolescents in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods. This bolsters the evidence base suggesting that place may influence the stress response system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: krudolph@jhsph.edu.
authors.forename: Kara E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: gwand@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wand
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 824 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: estuart@jhsph.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: tglass@jhsph.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 35 Convent Dr., MSC#3720, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: andreahorvathmarques@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Andrea H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: roman.duncko@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duncko
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 35 Convent Dr., MSC#3720, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: merikank@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Merikangas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D011204:Poverty Areas; D057216:Propensity Score; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Adolescents; Cortisol; Neighborhood; Propensity Score