title: Social and economic impact of diabetics in Bangladesh: protocol for a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes affects both individuals and their families and has an impact on economic and social development of a country. Information on the availability, cost, and quality of medical care for diabetes is mostly not available for many low- and middle-income countries including Bangladesh. Complications from diabetes, which can be devastating, could largely be prevented by wider use of several inexpensive generic medicines, simple tests and monitoring and can be a cost saving intervention. This study will provide an in-depth and comprehensive picture of social and economic impacts of diabetes in Bangladesh and propose clear recommendations for improving prevention and management of diabetes. The objectives of the study are: 1) To study the association between diabetes and other health problems and its social impacts. 2) To estimate the economic impact of diabetes including total direct and indirect costs. 3) To measure the impact of diabetes on quality of life among diabetes patients in Bangladesh. 4) To study the impact of diabetes on the health care system
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control study comparing cases with type 2 diabetes to controls without diabetes matched on age, sex and place of residence. 564 cases and 564 controls will be selected from the outpatient department of a tertiary hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data on socioeconomic status, health utility index, direct and indirect costs for diabetes, medication adherence, quality of life, treatment satisfaction, diet, physical activity, mental state examination, weight, height, hip and waist circumference, blood pressure, pulse, medication history, laboratory data and physical examination will be conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measures will be association between diabetes and other health problems, cost of diabetes, impact of diabetes on quality of life and secondary outcome measures are impact of diabetes on healthcare systems in Bangladesh.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will provide an in-depth and comprehensive picture of social and economic impacts of diabetics in Bangladesh and propose clear recommendations for improving prevention and management of diabetics. It will help to develop programs and policies for better management of Diabetics and cost effective strategies in Bangladesh context.
authors.affiliation: Center for Control of Chronic Diseases (CCCD), icddr,b, and Center for International Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. shariful.islam@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: Sheikh Mohammed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shariful Islam
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Guenter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Froeschl
authors.forename: Louis W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seissler
authors.forename: Dewan Shamsul
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001459:Bangladesh; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult