title: Prevalence of microvascular complications in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microvascular complications are the major outcome of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus progression, which reduce the quality of life, incur heavy economic burdens to the health care system and increase diabetic mortality. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of microvascular complications among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and to analyze the association between these complications and poor glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross sectional hospital based study was carried out in Diabetic Clinic of Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore Pakistan. The study was conducted from November 2011 to November 2012 among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Relevant information of all patients was recorded with the help of a proforma. They were investigated for retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have divided the patients into two groups: Group I with good glycemic control (HbA1c <6.5) and group II with poor glycemic control (HbA1c >6.5). In group II microvascular complications were 89.8%. Neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy were present in 68.5%, 56.2% and 31.4% respectively. These similar percentages in Group I were 50%, 0% and 31% respectively and are significantly lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that even in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who had poor glycemic control, frequency of microvascular complications is much higher as compared to those who had average glycemic control. Thus tight glycemic control does count even in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics to prevent and minimize the occurrence of complications.
authors.affiliation: Alia Ali, FCPS, Senior Registrar, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Farrukh Iqbal, FRCP, Professor, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farrukh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Azeem Taj, FCPS, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taj
authors.affiliation: Zafar Iqbal, FRCP, Professor, Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Muhammad Joher Amin, FCPS, Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Joher
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Qasim Zafar Iqbal, MBBS (Student), Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Department of Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Qasim Zafar
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Iqbal
keywords: Microvascular Diabetic Complications; Nephropathy; Neuropathy; Retinopathy; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus