title: Multifocal electroretinography after high dose chloroquine therapy for malaria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) parameters associated with high dose chloroquine therapy for treatment of malaria in the Amazonia region of Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight subjects who had received chloroquine treatment for single or multiple malaria infections with a cumulative dose ranging from 1,050 to 27,000mg were included. The control group consisted of 37 healthy aged-matched subjects. Data was collected on amplitude and implicit time of the N1, P1 and N2 waves in the central macular hexagon (R1) and in five concentric rings at different retinal eccentricities (R2-R6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed in any mfERG parameter between chloroquine treated patients and control subjects. A comparison with previous data obtained from patients with rheumatologic disorders in the same region of Brazil who had received larger cumulative doses of chloroquine and had displayed mfERG changes, indicated that retinal toxicity seems to be dependent on cumulative dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of mfERG changes in the current study suggests that intensive high dose chloroquine therapy for treatment of malaria is not associated with retinal toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Correa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil ; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Givago da Silva
authors.initials: Gda S
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Duarte
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Antônio Marques
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil ; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos de Lima
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany ; Rhenovia Pharma SAS, Mulhouse, France ; School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kremers
keywords: Chloroquine; Malaria; Multifocal Electroretinography; Retinal Degeneration; Rheumatic Diseases