title: Prostatic metastases from testicular nonseminomatous germ cell cancer: two case reports and a review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostatic metastases from testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are extremely uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, only five cases of prostatic metastases from seminoma have been reported in the literature. Conversely, no cases of metastases to the prostate from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) have been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present two patients who developed prostatic metastases 5 and 21 years after the initial diagnosis. The first case concerned a 28-year-old Caucasian man who underwent a right orchiectomy and right retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for a stage I NSGCT in 1999 and five years later was diagnosed with prostatic metastases. The second case concerned a 30-year-old man treated with a right orchiectomy and right RPLND for stage I NSGCT in 1985 who was diagnosed with prostatic metastases in 2006, 21 years after primary surgery. We reviewed the available literature on the topic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostatic metastases from TCGTs are highly unusual. Lower urinary tract symptoms in patients treated for previous testicular cancer require immediate clinical attention. However, because of their extreme rarity, specific clinical investigations to screen for possible prostatic involvement from TGCT should not be recommended.
authors.forename: Tullio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torelli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lughezzani
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catanzaro
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nicolai
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colecchia
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biasoni
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maffezzini
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stagni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Necchi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giannatempo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farè
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvioni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001706:Biopsy; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019160:Endosonography; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D009919:Orchiectomy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D001761:Bleomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide