title: Psychosis prevalence and physical, metabolic and cognitive co-morbidity: data from the second Australian national survey of psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are insufficient data from nationwide surveys on the prevalence of specific psychotic disorders and associated co-morbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2010 Australian national psychosis survey used a two-phase design to draw a representative sample of adults aged 18-64 years with psychotic disorders in contact with public treatment services from an estimated resident population of 1 464 923 adults. This paper is based on data from 1642 participants with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 psychotic disorder. Its aim is to present estimates of treated prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of psychosis, and to describe the cognitive, physical health and substance use profiles of participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-month treated prevalence of psychotic disorders was 3.10 cases per 1000 population aged 18-64 years, not accounting for people solely accessing primary care services; lifetime morbid risk was 3.45 per 1000. Mean premorbid intelligence quotient was approximately 0.5 s.d.s below the population mean; current cognitive ability (measured with a digit symbol coding task) was 1.6 s.d.s below the population mean. For both cognitive tests, higher scores were significantly associated with better independent functioning. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was high, affecting 60.8% of participants, and pervasive across diagnostic groups. Of the participants, two-thirds (65.9%) were current smokers, 47.4% were obese and 32.4% were sedentary. Of the participants, half (49.8%) had a lifetime history of alcohol abuse/dependence and 50.8% lifetime cannabis abuse/dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive, integrative models of recovery to maximize the potential for good health and quality of life for people with psychotic illness.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,The University of Western Australia,Crawley, WA,Australia.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Queensland Brain Institute,The University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD,Australia.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,The University of Western Australia,Crawley, WA,Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jablensky
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology,The University of Western Australia,Crawley,Western Australia.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Badcock
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,The University of Western Australia,Crawley, WA,Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waterreus
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health,The University of Queensland,Ipswich, QLD,Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry,The University of New South Wales,Sydney, NSW,Australia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.affiliation: Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW,Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine,University of Adelaide,Adelaide, SA,Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galletly
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: SANE Australia, Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hocking
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne,Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGorry
authors.affiliation: Menzies Research Institute Tasmania,University of Tasmania,Hobart,Australia.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Neil
authors.affiliation: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, ACT,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,The University of Western Australia,Crawley, WA,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health,University of Newcastle,Newcastle, NSW,Australia.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stain
authors.affiliation: Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackinnon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult