title: Maternal Infection During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders.
abstract: We conducted a nested case-control study including 407 cases and 2,075 frequency matched controls to investigate the association between maternal infections during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cases, controls, and maternal infections were ascertained from Kaiser Permanente Northern California clinical databases. No overall association between diagnoses of any maternal infection during pregnancy and ASD was observed [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.15, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.92-1.43]. However, women with infections diagnosed during a hospital admission (ORadj = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.07-2.04), particularly bacterial infections (ORadj = 1.58, 95 % CI 1.06-2.37), were at increased risk of delivering a child with ASD. Multiple infections during pregnancy were associated with ASD (ORadj = 1.36, 95 % CI 1.05-1.78).
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA. Ousseny.x.zerbo@kp.org.
authors.forename: Ousseny
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zerbo
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
authors.forename: Yinge
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
authors.forename: Cathleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: , Richmond, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Judith K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Grether
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.|The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.|The NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van de Water
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Croen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Maternal infection; Pregnancy