title: One-day cognitive-behavioural therapy self-confidence workshops for people with depression: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite its high prevalence, help-seeking for depression is low.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 1-day cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) self-confidence workshops in reducing depression. Anxiety, self-esteem, prognostic indicators as well as access were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open randomised controlled trial (RCT) waiting list control design with 12-week follow-up was used (trial registration: ISRCTN26634837). A total of 459 adult participants with depression (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of ≥ 14) self-referred and 382 participants (83%) were followed up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, experimental and control participants differed significantly on the BDI, with an effect size of 0.55. Anxiety and self-esteem also differed. Of those who participated, 25% were GP non-consulters and 32% were from Black and minority ethnic groups. Women benefited more than men on depression scores. The intervention has a 90% chance of being considered cost-effective if a depression-free day is valued at £14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-confidence workshops appear promising in terms of clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and access by difficult-to-engage groups.
authors.affiliation: Linda Horrell, DipPsych, Psychology Department, Kimberley A. Goldsmith, MPH, Biostatistics Department, André T. Tylee, MD, Health Services and Population Research, Ulrike H. Schmidt, PhD, Section of Eating Disorders, Caroline L. Murphy, MSc, Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; Eva-Maria Bonin, MA, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science; Jennifer Beecham, PhD, Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, and University of Kent; Joanna Kelly, MSc, Clinical Trials Unit, Shriti Raikundalia, MSc, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; June S. L. Brown, PhD, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Horrell
authors.forename: Kimberley A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: André T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tylee
authors.forename: Ulrike H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Caroline L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bonin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beecham
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Shriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raikundalia
authors.forename: June S L
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000191:economics; D003863:Depression / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D004493:Education / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000191:economics*; D012649:Self Concept; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult