title: Sustained spatial attention to vibrotactile stimulation in the flutter range: relevant brain regions and their interaction.
abstract: The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was designed to get a better understanding of the brain regions involved in sustained spatial attention to tactile events and to ascertain to what extent their activation was correlated. We presented continuous 20 Hz vibrotactile stimuli (range of flutter) concurrently to the left and right index fingers of healthy human volunteers. An arrow cue instructed subjects in a trial-by-trial fashion to attend to the left or right index finger and to detect rare target events that were embedded in the vibrotactile stimulation streams. We found blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) attentional modulation in primary somatosensory cortex (SI), mainly covering Brodmann area 1, 2, and 3b, as well as in secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), contralateral to the to-be-attended hand. Furthermore, attention to the right (dominant) hand resulted in additional BOLD modulation in left posterior insula. All of the effects were caused by an increased activation when attention was paid to the contralateral hand, except for the effects in left SI and insula. In left SI, the effect was related to a mixture of both a slight increase in activation when attention was paid to the contralateral hand as well as a slight decrease in activation when attention was paid to the ipsilateral hand (i.e., the tactile distraction condition). In contrast, the effect in left posterior insula was exclusively driven by a relative decrease in activation in the tactile distraction condition, which points to an active inhibition when tactile information is irrelevant. Finally, correlation analyses indicate a linear relationship between attention effects in intrahemispheric somatosensory cortices, since attentional modulation in SI and SII were interrelated within one hemisphere but not across hemispheres. All in all, our results provide a basis for future research on sustained attention to continuous vibrotactile stimulation in the range of flutter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ; Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goltz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pleger
authors.forename: Sabrina D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villringer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult