title: Paxillin and carbonic anhydrase IX are prognostic markers in gallbladder squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas (SC/ASC) are rare subtypes of gallbladder cancers (GBCs). Clinical characteristics of SC/ASC have not been well documented, and no biological markers of GBC carcinogenesis, progression and prognosis are available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured paxillin and CAIX expression in 46 SC/ASCs and 80 adenocarcinomas (ACs) with immunohistochemistry and correlated these data with clinicopathological characteristics. Both paxillin expression and CAIX expression were associated significantly with larger tumours, a higher tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis and invasiveness of SC/ASC and AC. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that paxillin and CAIX expression were associated closely with decreased overall survival in SC/ASC (both P < 0.001) and AC (both P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that paxillin expression and CAIX expression both independently predicted poor prognosis in SC/ASC and AC patients. We also noted correlations with survival and tumour differentiation, tumour size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, tumour invasiveness and sample procurement methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paxillin expression and CAIX expression are both related to clinical/biological behaviour and poor prognosis of GBC.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Ziru
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhulin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jinghe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Daiqiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lufeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Meigui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Senlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051419:Paxillin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C496061:PXN protein, human; D051419:Paxillin; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases
keywords: carbonic anhydrase IX; gallbladder neoplasms; neoplasm metastasis; paxillin; prognosis