title: Effect of TNFα on osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone destruction and osteoporosis are accelerated in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis, in which many studies have shown the proinflammatory cytokines, especially TNFα, play an important role; TNFα causes osteoclast-induced bone destruction as well as the inhibition of osteoblastogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we review our current understanding of the mechanism of the effect of TNFα on osteoblastogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We also highlight the function of MSC in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many studies have revealed that TNFα inhibits osteoblastogenesis through several mechanisms. On the other hand, it has been also reported that TNFα promotes osteoblastogenesis. These discrepancies may depend on the cellular types, the model animals, and the timing and duration of TNFα administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A full understanding of the role and function of TNFα on osteoblastogenesis from MSC may lead to targeted new therapies for chronic inflammation diseases, such as RA and periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan. Electronic address: skotake@ior.twmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nanke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Osteoblastogenesis; TNF-alpha; Wnt signaling pathway