title: Neuroenhancement with vitamin B12-underestimated neurological significance.
abstract: Vitamin B12 is a cofactor of methionine synthase in the synthesis of methionine, the precursor of the universal methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), which is involved in different epigenomic regulatory mechanisms and especially in brain development. A Vitamin B12 deficiency expresses itself by a wide variety of neurological manifestations such as paraesthesias, skin numbness, coordination disorders and reduced nerve conduction velocity. In elderly people, a latent Vitamin B12 deficiency can be associated with a progressive brain atrophy. Moderately elevated concentrations of homocysteine (>10 µmol/L) have been associated with an increased risk of dementia, notably Alzheimer's disease, in many cross-sectional and prospective studies. Raised plasma concentrations of homocysteine is also associated with both regional and whole brain atrophy, not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in healthy elderly people. Clinician awareness should be raised to accurately diagnose and treat early Vitamin B12 deficiency to prevent irreversible structural brain damage.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Zweigertstr. 55, Essen 45130, Germany. uwegroeber@gmx.net.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gröber
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kisters
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000378:metabolism; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D014805:Vitamin B 12