title: Comparative study on direct and indirect bracket bonding techniques regarding time length and bracket detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the time spent for direct (DBB - direct bracket bonding) and indirect (IBB - indirect bracket bonding) bracket bonding techniques. The time length of laboratorial (IBB) and clinical steps (DBB and IBB) as well as the prevalence of loose bracket after a 24-week follow-up were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients (7 men and 10 women) with a mean age of 21 years, requiring orthodontic treatment were selected for this study. A total of 304 brackets was used (151 DBB and 153 IBB). The same bracket type and bonding material were used in both groups. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by Wilcoxon non-parametric test at 5% level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering the total time length, the IBB technique was more time-consuming than the DBB (p < 0.001). However, considering only the clinical phase, the IBB took less time than the DBB (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference (p = 0.910) for the time spent during laboratorial positioning of the brackets and clinical session for IBB in comparison to the clinical procedure for DBB. Additionally, no difference was found as for the prevalence of loose bracket between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IBB can be suggested as a valid clinical procedure since the clinical session was faster and the total time spent for laboratorial positioning of the brackets and clinical procedure was similar to that of DBB. In addition, both approaches resulted in similar frequency of loose brackets.
authors.forename: Jefferson Vinicius
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bozelli
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bigliazzi
authors.forename: Helga Adachi Medeiros
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Cristina Lucia Feijo
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ortolani
authors.forename: Francisco Antonio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bertoz
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Faltin Junior
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007754:Laboratories, Dental; D008297:Male; D003765:Models, Dental; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003738:Dental Cements; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012828:Silicones; C030242:phosphoric acid
keywords: Corrective orthodontics; Dental bonding; Dental detachment; Orthodontic brackets