title: Systemic treatments for noninfectious vitreous inflammation.
abstract: Vitreous inflammation, or vitritis, may result from many causes, including both infectious and noninfectious, including rheumatologic and autoimmune processes. Vitritis is commonly vision threatening and has serious sequelae. Treatment is frequently challenging, but, today, there are multiple methods of systemic treatment for vitritis. These categories include corticosteroids, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, T-cell inhibitors/calcineurin inhibitors, and biologic agents. These treatment categories were reviewed last year, but, even over the course of just a year, many therapies have made progress, as we have learned more about their indications and efficacy. We discuss here discoveries made over the past year on both existing and new drugs, as well as reviewing mechanisms of action, clinical dosages, specific conditions that are treated, adverse effects, and usual course of treatment for each class of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 5000, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 5000, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Arizona Medical Center, 655 North Alvernon Way, Suite 108, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA.
authors.forename: Malav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Arizona Medical Center, 655 North Alvernon Way, Suite 108, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA.
authors.forename: John Byron
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Christoforidis
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077339:Leflunomide; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007555:Isoxazoles; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000077339:Leflunomide; C502936:tocilizumab