title: Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among haemodialysis nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships among nurse and work characteristics, job satisfaction, stress, burnout and the work environment of haemodialysis nurses.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Haemodialysis nursing is characterised by frequent and intense contact with patients in a complex and intense environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional online survey of 417 haemodialysis nurses that included nurse and work characteristics, the Brisbane Practice Environment Measure, Index of Work Satisfaction, Nursing Stress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemodialysis nurses reported an acceptable level of job satisfaction and perceived their work environment positively, although high levels of burnout were found. Nurses who were older and had worked in haemodialysis the longest had higher satisfaction levels, experienced less stress and lower levels of burnout than younger nurses. The in-centre type of haemodialysis unit had greater levels of stress and burnout than home training units. Greater satisfaction with the work environment was strongly correlated with job satisfaction, lower job stress and emotional exhaustion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haemodialysis nurses experienced high levels of burnout even though their work environment was favourable and they had acceptable levels of job satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeted strategies are required to retain and avoid burnout in younger and less experienced nurses in this highly specialised field of nursing.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Clint
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.|Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D002055:Burnout, Professional; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006436:Hemodialysis Units, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000451:nursing*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: burnout; haemodialysis nursing; job satisfaction; job stress; practice environment