title: Talaromyces atroroseus, a new species efficiently producing industrially relevant red pigments.
abstract: Some species of Talaromyces secrete large amounts of red pigments. Literature has linked this character to species such as Talaromyces purpurogenus, T. albobiverticillius, T. marneffei, and T. minioluteus often under earlier Penicillium names. Isolates identified as T. purpurogenus have been reported to be interesting industrially and they can produce extracellular enzymes and red pigments, but they can also produce mycotoxins such as rubratoxin A and B and luteoskyrin. Production of mycotoxins limits the use of isolates of a particular species in biotechnology. Talaromyces atroroseus sp. nov., described in this study, produces the azaphilone biosynthetic families mitorubrins and Monascus pigments without any production of mycotoxins. Within the red pigment producing clade, T. atroroseus resolved in a distinct clade separate from all the other species in multigene phylogenies (ITS, β-tubulin and RPB1), which confirm its unique nature. Talaromyces atroroseus resembles T. purpurogenus and T. albobiverticillius in producing red diffusible pigments, but differs from the latter two species by the production of glauconic acid, purpuride and ZG-1494α and by the dull to dark green, thick walled ellipsoidal conidia produced. The type strain of Talaromyces atroroseus is CBS 133442.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frisvad
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Neriman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thrane
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kasper Bøwig
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houbraken
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D007221:Industry; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D032901:Talaromyces / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological