title: Constructed wetlands to reduce metal pollution from industrial catchments in aquatic Mediterranean ecosystems: a review to overcome obstacles and suggest potential solutions.
abstract: In the Mediterranean area, surface waters often have low discharge or renewal rates, hence metal contamination from industrialised catchments can have a high negative impact on the physico-chemical and biological water quality. In a context of climate and anthropological changes, it is necessary to provide an integrative approach for the prevention and control of metal pollution, in order to limit its impact on water resources, biodiversity, trophic network and human health. For this purpose, introduction of constructed wetlands (CWs) between natural aquatic ecosystems and industrialised zones or catchments is a promising strategy for eco-remediation. Analysis of the literature has shown that further research must be done to improve CW design, selection and management of wetland plant species and catchment organisation, in order to ensure the effectiveness of CWs in Mediterranean environments. Firstly, the parameters of basin design that have the greatest influence on metal removal processes must be identified, in order to better focus rhizospheric processes on specific purification objectives. We have summarised in a single diagram the relationships between the design parameters of a CW basin and the physico-chemical and biological processes of metal removal, on the basis of 21 mutually consistent papers. Secondly, in order to optimise the selection and distribution of helophytes in CWs, it is necessary to identify criteria of choice for the plant species that will best fit the remediation objectives and environmental and economic constraints. We have analysed the factors determining plant metal uptake efficiency in CWs on the basis of a qualitative meta-analysis of 13 studies with a view to determine whether the part played by metal uptake by plants is relevant in comparison with the other removal processes. Thirdly, we analysed the parameters to consider for establishing suitable management strategies for CWs and how they affect the whole CW design process. Finally, we propose monitoring and policy measures to facilitate the integration of CWs within Mediterranean industrialised catchments.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale UMR 7263/IRD 237 IMBE, 3 pl. Victor Hugo, Case 4, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France; ECO-MED SARL, Tour Méditerranée, 65 Avenue Jules Cantini, 13298 Marseille Cedex 20, France. Electronic address: anna.philippe@imbe.fr.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guittonny-Philippe
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale UMR 7263/IRD 237 IMBE, 3 pl. Victor Hugo, Case 4, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: veronique.masotti@imbe.fr.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Masotti
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FRE 3416, 3 pl. Victor Hugo, Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: patrick.hohener@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Höhener
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FRE 3416, 3 pl. Victor Hugo, Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France. Electronic address: jean-luc.boudenne@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boudenne
authors.affiliation: ECO-MED SARL, Tour Méditerranée, 65 Avenue Jules Cantini, 13298 Marseille Cedex 20, France. Electronic address: j.viglione@ecomed.fr.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viglione
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale UMR 7263/IRD 237 IMBE, 3 pl. Victor Hugo, Case 4, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laffont-Schwob
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: Constructed wetlands; Design methodologies; Industrialized Mediterranean Catchments; Management strategies; Metal pollution; Plant species selection