title: Concentrations of metronidazole in human plasma and saliva after tablet or gel administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of metronidazole (Mtz) tablet and to compare Mtz gel and tablet concentrations in both blood plasma and saliva.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized cross-over study with a 1-week washout period, 13 volunteers randomly received one (a single oral dose of 750 mg Mtz (Flagyl®--tablet) and 2) 3 g of 15% Mtz benzoate gel (applied by using a dental tray). The HPLC with ultraviolet detection was used to quantify plasma and saliva concentrations of Mtz. The pharmacokinetic parameters (PPs) areas under the curves from 0 to 48 h (AUC0-48) and from 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞), the maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), the time to C(max), volume of distribution and renal clearance were determined for Mtz tablet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering the Mtz tablet, plasma showed higher Mtz concentration from 6 to 24 h after drug administration and the highest values concerning AUC0-48 h and AUC0-∞ than those obtained in saliva (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between plasma and saliva concentrations for Mtz gel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that some PPs were higher in plasma (P < 0.05) than in saliva concerning Mtz tablet. Gel formulation had similar Mtz bioavailability in plasma and saliva resulting in systemic absorption.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de C Bergamaschi
authors.forename: Luciana A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Berto
authors.forename: Paulo C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Venâncio
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cogo
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franz-Montan
authors.forename: Rogério H L
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Mauro P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.forename: Francisco C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Groppo
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D013607:Tablets / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D013607:Tablets; D008795:Metronidazole
keywords: gel; metronidazole; plasma; saliva; tablet