title: Environmental estrogens in a drinking water reservoir area in Shanghai: occurrence, colloidal contribution and risk assessment.
abstract: The occurrence and multi-phase distribution of six environmental estrogen compounds were investigated in a drinking water reservoir area by analyzing estrogens in suspended particulate matter (SPM), filtrate (conventional dissolved phase, <1 μm), permeate (truly soluble phase, <1 kDa) and retentate (colloidal phase, 1 kDa to 1 μm). The estrogen concentrations at different sites occurred in the following order: animal feed operation (AFO) wastewater-affected streams>tributaries>main stream channel. Correlation analysis showed that organic carbon (OC) contents had significantly positive correlations with environmental estrogens in filtrate, SPM and colloidal phases, respectively, indicating the important role played by OC. Aquatic colloids, often neglected, showed a much higher sorption capability of environmental estrogens compared to SPM. Similar Kcoc values in three types of sampling sites showed that colloids could be transported from AFO wastewater to tributaries and further into the main river channel. Mass balance calculations showed that 14.5-68.4% of OP, 4.5-32.1% of BPA, 2.0-58.4% of E1, 8.36-72.0% of E2, 0-20.6% of EE2, 3.4-62.7% of E3 and 8.3-36.1% of total estrogens were associated with colloidal fractions, suggesting that the colloids could act as a significant sink for environmental estrogens. Risk assessment demonstrated that the occurrence of environmental estrogens might pose a risk to aquatic organisms in the study area.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China. Electronic address: yyang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan North Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014881:Water Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Colloids; Cross flow ultrafiltration; Endocrine disrupting compounds