title: Activation of B cells by a dendritic cell-targeted oral vaccine.
abstract: Production of long-lived, high affinity humoral immunity is an essential characteristic of successful vaccination and requires cognate interactions between T and B cells in germinal centers. Within germinal centers, specialized T follicular helper cells assist B cells and regulate the antibody response by mediating the differentiation of B cells into memory or plasma cells after exposure to T cell-dependent antigens. It is now appreciated that local immune responses are also essential for protection against infectious diseases that gain entry to the host by the mucosal route; therefore, targeting the mucosal compartments is the optimum strategy to induce protective immunity. However, because the gastrointestinal mucosae are exposed to large amounts of environmental and dietary antigens on a daily basis, immune regulatory mechanisms exist to favor tolerance and discourage autoimmunity at these sites. Thus, mucosal vaccination strategies must ensure that the immunogen is efficiently taken up by the antigen presenting cells, and that the vaccine is capable of activating humoral and cellular immunity, while avoiding the induction of tolerance. Despite significant progress in mucosal vaccination, this potent platform for immunotherapy and disease prevention must be further explored and refined. Here we discuss recent progress in the understanding of the role of different phenotypes of B cells in the development of an efficacious mucosal vaccine against infectious disease.
authors.forename: Bikash
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zadeh
authors.forename: Yaima L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Jun-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW16th Ave, Building 1017, Room: V3-149, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. m.zadeh@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohamadzadeh
mesh_terms: D058956:Administration, Mucosal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines