title: How are childhood thyroid nodules discovered: opportunities for improving early detection.
abstract: In a retrospective analysis of childhood thyroid nodules, 18% were radiographic incidentalomas and 41% were discovered by a clinician's palpation; 40% were discovered by patients' families. The latter group had the largest nodules and highest rates of thyroid cancer metastasis, suggesting opportunities for earlier detection through annual well-child visits.
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Anjuli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Luciana A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Castroneves
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Frates
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA; Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Ari J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wassner
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA; Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marqusee
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Erik K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barletta
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Funmilayo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muyide
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Doubilet
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Hope E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Biren P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Harriet J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Paltiel
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burmeister
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kozakewich
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hollowell
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Edmund S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cibas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Francis D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Shamberger
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: P Reed
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Program of the Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA; Thyroid Section of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA. Electronic address: stephen.huang@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016353:Self-Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging