title: Impact of mast cells on the skin.
abstract: When through the skin a foreign antigen enters it provokes an immune response and inflammatory reaction. Mast cells are located around small vessels that are involved in vasaldilation. They mature under the influence of local tissue to various cytokines. Human skin mast cells play an essential role in diverse physiological and pathological processes and mediate immediate hypersensitive reaction and allergic diseases. Injection of anti-IgE in the skin or other agents that directly activate mast cells may cause the decrease in vascular tone, leakage of plasma and may lead to a fall in blood pressure with fatal anaphylactic shock. Skin mast cells are also implicated as effector cells in response to multiple parasites such as Leishmania which is primarily characterized by its tissue cutaneous tropism. Activated macrophages by IFNgamma, cytotoxic T cells, activated mast cells and several cytokines are involved in the elimination of the parasites and immunoprotection. IL-33 is one of the latest cytokines involved in IgE-induced anaphylaxis and in the pathogenesis of allergic skin disorders. IL-33 has been shown in epidermis of patients with psoriasis and its skin expression causes atopic dermatitis and it is crucial for the development of this disease. Here we review the impact of mast cells on the skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kritas
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saggini
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varvara
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murmura
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caraffa
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antinolfi
authors.affiliation: Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toniato
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pantalone
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. dAnnunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Uni-versity of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frydas
authors.affiliation: Gynecology Clinic, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.affiliation: Nicolas Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tei
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Speziali
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. dAnnunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saggini
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pandolfi
authors.affiliation: Nicolas Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cerulli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Theoharides
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000502:physiology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A