title: Association between physical activity and inflammatory markers among U.S. adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may cause not only inflammation in the lungs but also systemic effects. One potential strategy to reduce systemic inflammation and attenuate disease progression is physical activity (PA). However, no nationally representative studies, to our knowledge, have examined the association between objectively measured physical activity and inflammation among those with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred thirty-eight former or current smokers with self-reported COPD who had complete data on study variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants wore an accelerometer for ≥4 days to assess light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total physical activity (TPA); completed questionnaires to assess self-reported COPD and smoking status; and had their blood taken to assess white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariable linear regression analysis was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPA (β = -.0004), MVPA (β = -.04), and TPA (β = -.0004) were significantly inversely associated with WBC level. Similarly, LPA (β = -.001) and TPA (β = -.001) were significantly inversely associated with neutrophils; however, MVPA was marginally associated with neutrophils (β = -.05; p =.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These analyses demonstrate an inverse association between objectively measured PA and inflammation among current or former smokers with COPD. If these findings are confirmed elsewhere, then PA among those with COPD may serve as an anti-inflammatory strategy to possibly decrease cardiovascular and metabolic disease occurrence.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Loprinzi
authors.forename: Jerome F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Hyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Accelerometry; Epidemiology; Exercise; Health focus: physical activity, smoking control; Inflammation; Manuscript format: research; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); Outcome measure: biometric; Prevention Research; Research purpose: modeling/relationship testing, descriptive; Setting: national; Strategy: education, behavior change; Study design: cross-sectional; Target population age: adults; Target population circumstances: education, race/ethnicity; Tobacco