title: The Counterweight programme: Prevalence of CVD risk factors by body mass index and the impact of 10% weight change.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine relationships between body mass index (BMI), prevalence of physician-recorded cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in primary care, and changes in risk with 10% weight change.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Counterweight Project conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey of medical records of 6150 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)), 1150 age- and sex-matched overweight (BMI 25 to <30 kg/m(2)), and 1150 age- and sex-matched normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2)) controls, in primary care. Data were collected for the previous 18 months to examine BMI and disease prevalence, and then modelled to show the potential effect of 10% weight loss or gain on risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese patients develop more CVD risk factors than normal weight controls. BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2) exhibits increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), odds ratio (OR) men: 6.16 (p < 0.001); women: 7.82 (p < 0.001) and hypertension OR men: 5.51 (p < 0.001); women: 4.16 (p < 0.001). Dyslipidaemia peaked around BMI 35 to <37.5 kg/m(2), OR men: 3.26 (p < 0.001); women 3.76 (p < 0.001) and CVD at BMI 37.5 to <40 kg/m(2) in men, OR 4.48 (p < 0.001) and BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2) in women, OR 3.98 (p < 0.001). A 10% weight loss from the sample mean of 32.5 kg/m(2) reduced the OR for type 2 DM by 30% and CVD by 20%, while 10% weight gain increased type 2 DM risk by more than 35% and CVD by 20%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity plays a fundamental role in CVD risk, which is reduced with weight loss. Weight management intervention strategies should be a public health priority to reduce the burden of disease in the population.
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Electronic address:maria.mcquigg@counterweight.org.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McQuigg
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Electronic address:j.broom@rgu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broom
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Laws
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J P D
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reckless
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McCombie
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lean
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Finer
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Haslam
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hole
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radziwonik