title: Review on current management and outcome data of echogenic lung lesions and hydrothorax of the fetus.
abstract: This review focuses on the prenatal management and outcome of echogenic lung lesions and isolated hydrothorax of the fetus. We give an overview of the most common forms of echogenic lung lesions like cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung and bronchopulmonary sequestration as well as of congenital high airway obstruction sequence. We review the occurrence, appearance, pathophysiology and natural history of these lesions. Furthermore we discuss selection criteria for intrauterine treatment and algorithms for prenatal surveillance of affected fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of OB/GYN, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.affiliation: German Center for Fetal Surgery & Minimally Invasive Therapy (DZFT), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.affiliation: Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of OB/GYN, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enzensberger
authors.affiliation: Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of OB/GYN, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Axt-Fliedner
mesh_terms: D002916:Chylothorax / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015619:Respiratory System Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods