title: Carotid stenting versus endarterectomy cognitive outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives are to analyze the impact of carotid revascularization on cognitive performance after a 3-month period in patients, who have undergone carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and to compare the cognitive outcomes between these 2 groups of patients. This a nonrandomized and prospective single-center experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed in the University of Campinas Hospital from January 2010 to January 2012 and included 30 patients with carotid stenosis who received carotid interventions. Nineteen patients received CEA and 11 patients received CAS. Neuropsychologic evaluation included general cognitive, language, visuospatial, attentional, executive function, and memory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the follow-up period, there was improvement in episodic memory, encoding subitem (P = 0.02), and delayed recall (P = 0.02) for the CEA group. The CAS group improved in episodic memory, encoding subitem (P = 0.009), working memory (P = 0.04), and executive functions (P = 0.02). Comparing the techniques, the CAS group showed higher scores only in executive functions (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both groups had a similar performance in cognitive tests, comparing preoperative and postoperative results. However, patients who underwent CAS tended to achieve higher scores in executive function and operational memory/attention tests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: germanooliveira@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Oliveira
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Germano da Paz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Terezinha
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Guillaumon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tátila Martins
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cendes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio Luiz Figueredo
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Balthazar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001288:Attention; D001938:Brazil; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome