title: Effect of alendronate on bone remodeling around implant in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alendronates on bone remodeling around titanium implant in the maxilla of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The maxillary first molars were extracted and customized-titanium implants were placed immediately in thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into experimental (bisphosphonate) group and control group. At 4 weeks after implantation, the rats in the bisphosphonate group were subcutaneously injected with alendronate three times a week for 6 weeks where as the rats in control group were injected with saline. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 weeks after starting of injection and maxillary bones were collected subsequently. Alveolar bone remodeling around the implants were evaluated by radiographic and histologic analysis. Microarray analysis and immunohistomorphologic analysis were also performed on one rat, sacrificed at 6 weeks after starting of injection, from each group. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t test at a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference in the bone area (%) around implant between the bisphosphonate group and the control group. However, the amount of empty lacuna was significantly increased in the bisphosphonate group, especially in the rats sacrificed at 4 weeks after starting of injection compared to that of the corresponding control group. The bisphosphonate group showed the same level of TRAP positive cell count, osteocalcin and angiopoietin 1 as the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alendronate may not decrease the amount of osteoclast. However, the significantly increased amount of empty lacuna in the bisphosphonate group may explain the suppression of bone remodeling in the bisphosphonate group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Bum
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Moon
keywords: Alendronate; Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; Bone remodeling; Empty lacuna; Implant; Jaw