title: Risk factors for mortality in hemodialysis patients: two-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under hemodialysis (HD) have high mortality rate. Inflammation, dyslipidemia, disturbances in erythropoiesis, iron metabolism, endothelial function, and nutritional status have been reported in these patients. Our aim was to identify any significant association of death with these disturbances, by performing a two-year follow-up study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large set of data was obtained from 189 HD patients (55.0% male; 66.4 ± 13.9 years old), including hematological data, lipid profile, iron metabolism, nutritional, inflammatory, and endothelial (dys)function markers, and dialysis adequacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 patients (18.5%) died along the follow-up period. Our data showed that the type of vascular access, C-reactive protein (CRP), and triglycerides (TG) are significant predictors of death. The risk of death was higher in patients using central venous catheter (CVC) (Hazard ratio [HR] = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.49-6.13), with higher CRP levels (fourth quartile), compared with those with lower levels (first quartile) (HR = 17.3, 95% CI = 2.40-124.9). Patients with higher TG levels (fourth quartile) presented a lower risk of death, compared with those with the lower TG levels (first quartile) (HR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.05-0.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of CVC, high CRP, and low TG values seem to be independent risk factors for mortality in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Nephrocare Portugal, SA-Nephrocare Maia, Maia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: do Sameiro-Faria
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Elísio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Denisa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Centro Investigação Ciências Saúde, Universidade Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
authors.forename: Petronila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rocha-Pereira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Centro Investigação Ciências Saúde, Universidade Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohlova
authors.affiliation: Centro Investigação Ciências Saúde, Universidade Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Nephrocare Portugal, SA-Nephrocare Maia, Maia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Leonilde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bronze-da-Rocha
authors.affiliation: Nephrocare Portugal, SA-Nephrocare Maia, Maia, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vasco
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quintanilha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Serviço de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein