title: Neuroimaging predictors of cognitive performance across a standardized neurocognitive battery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The advent of functional MRI (fMRI) enables the identification of brain regions recruited for specific behavioral tasks. Most fMRI studies focus on group effects in single tasks, which limits applicability where assessment of individual differences and multiple brain systems is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We demonstrate the feasibility of concurrently measuring fMRI activation patterns and performance on a computerized neurocognitive battery (CNB) in 212 healthy individuals at 2 sites. Cross-validated sparse regression of regional brain amplitude and extent of activation were used to predict concurrent performance on 6 neurocognitive tasks: abstraction/mental flexibility, attention, emotion processing, and verbal, face, and spatial memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brain activation was task responsive and domain specific, as reported in previous single-task studies. Prediction of performance was robust for most tasks, particularly for abstraction/mental flexibility and visuospatial memory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility of administering a comprehensive neuropsychological battery in the scanner was established, and task-specific brain activation patterns improved prediction beyond demographic information. This benchmark index of performance-associated brain activation can be applied to link brain activation with neurocognitive performance during standardized testing. This first step in standardizing a neurocognitive battery for use in fMRI may enable quantitative assessment of patients with brain disorders across multiple cognitive domains. Such data may facilitate identification of neural dysfunction associated with poor performance, allow for identification of individuals at risk for brain disorders, and help guide early intervention and rehabilitation of neurocognitive deficits.
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatry Section.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Roalf
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatry Section.
authors.forename: Kosha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruparel
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatry Section.
authors.forename: Raquel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatry Section.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bilker
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatry Section.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9782-1005
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerraty
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatry Section.
authors.forename: R Sean
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almasy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pogue-Geile
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Konasale
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0245-1393
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry.
authors.forename: Vishwajit L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Nimgaonkar
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatry Section.
authors.forename: Ruben C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055815:Young Adult