title: [Occurrence and molecular pathology of high grade gliomas].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glial tumours represent the most frequent type of primary brain cancers. Gliomas are characterized by heterogeneity that makes the diagnosis, histological classification and the choosing of correct therapy more difficult. Despite the advances in developing therapeutic strategies patients with malignant gliomas have a poor prognosis; therefore glial tumours represent one of the most important areas of cancer research. There are no detailed data on the epidemiology of gliomas in Hungary.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first section of our publication, we analysed the histological diagnosed cases between 2007 and 2011 at the Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Centre. We analyzed the incidence of 214 high-grade gliomas by tumor grades, gender, age, and the anatomical localization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of cases were glioblastoma (182 cases), and the remaining 32 cases were anaplastic gliomas. The mean age of patients was 57 years (+/- 16.4), and the male:female ratio was 1.1:1. The most frequent area of tumors was the frontal lobe followed by the temporal, parietal and occipital lobe. We include new findings published recently about glioma pathogenesis, molecular pathways, mutant genes and chromosomal regions. We explain briefly the role of selected important genes in glioma genesis and give an update on knowledge provided by modern molecular methods, which could beneficially influence future therapy and the diagnosis of gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Patológiai Intézet, Neuropatológiai Tanszék, Debrecen.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murnyák
authors.affiliation: Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Patológiai Intézet, Neuropatológiai Tanszék, Debrecen.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Csonka
authors.affiliation: Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Patológiai Intézet, Debrecen.
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hegyi
authors.affiliation: Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Patológiai Intézet, Debrecen.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Méhes
authors.affiliation: Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Idegsebészeti Klinika, Debrecen.
authors.forename: Almos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klekner
authors.affiliation: Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Patológiai Intézet, Neuropatológiai Tanszék, Debrecen.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hortobágyi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D057089:Pathology, Molecular; D012737:Sex Factors