title: The ethanol extract of the inner bark of Caesalpinia pyramidalis (Tul.) reduces urinary bladder damage during cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats.
abstract: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common side effect of cyclophosphamide therapy, which deserves new therapeutic strategies, such as those based on natural products. The ethanol extract of the inner bark of Caesalpinia pyramidalis (Tul.) (EECp) possesses anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant activities as previously showed by our group. We have investigated the effect of EECp on the cyclophosphamide-induced HC. Cystitis was induced in male Wistar rats by the injection of cyclophosphamide. These animals were pretreated with EECp (100-400 mg/kg), vehicle, or mesna. Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde formation were measured in urinary bladder and other tissues. Bladder edema and histopathological alterations and serum nitric oxide metabolites concentration NOx- were also evaluated. Treatment with EECp (100-400 mg/kg) or mesna impaired the increase of myeloperoxidase activity in urinary bladder and the serum NOx- induced by cyclophosphamide but did not reduce edema in this tissue, as did mesna. Total histological score was reduced by EECp (100 mg/kg). Lung myeloperoxidase activity, which was increased by cyclophosphamide, was decreased significantly by EECp (400 mg/kg). EECp also diminished the malondialdehyde formation in bladder, lung, and spleen, although these parameters were not affected by cyclophosphamide. These results indicate that EECp reduced urinary bladder damage during cyclophosphamide-induced HC in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaína P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denyson S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cliomar A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Estevam
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49060-000 Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fakhouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Waldecy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Lucca Junior
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enilton A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029911:Caesalpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D009195:Peroxidase