title: Cloning of crystallin from orange-spotted grouper and characterization of its activity as potential protective agent.
abstract: Oxidative stress associated with nodavirus infection is poorly understood, especially pertaining to infection-mediated brain injury. Indirect evidence indicates that infection increases cellular abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with consequent increase in cellular dityrosine production. The detection of dityrosine in nodavirus-infected grouper was demonstrated using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Proteomic analyses with eye tissues of healthy grouper revealed more abundant expression of crystallin protein in the eye than in various tissues, which was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and IHC analyses. Grouper crystallin belongs to a small heat shock protein family with chaperone-like function that prevents heat-induced and oxidative stress-induced protein aggregation. Recombinant crystallin induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells after treatment. The results provide new insight into the pathogenesis of nodavirus and demonstrate an experimental rationale for antioxidant therapy research.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ; Research Center of Ocean Environment and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Young-Mao
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cham-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Mao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Shiuan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Shie
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ; Research Center of Ocean Environment and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzong-Yueh
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Crystallin; Nodavirus; Reactive oxygen species (ROS)