title: Ethnic differences in glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in Scotland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have investigated the association between ethnicity and processes of care and intermediate outcomes of diabetes, but there are limited population-based studies available. The aim of this study was to use population-based data to investigate the relationships between ethnicity and glycaemic control in men and women with diabetes mellitus living in Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a 2008 extract from the population-based national electronic diabetes database of Scotland. The association between ethnicity with mean glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus was examined in a retrospective cohort study, including adjustment for a number of variables including age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), prescribed treatment and duration of diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete data for analyses were available for 56,333 White Scottish adults, 2,535 Pakistanis, 857 Indians, 427 Chinese and 223 African-Caribbeans. All other ethnic groups had significantly (p<0.05) greater proportions of people with suboptimal glycaemic control (HbA1c >58 mmol/mol, 7.5%) compared to the White Scottish group, despite generally younger mean age and lower BMI. Fully adjusted odds ratios for suboptimal glycaemic control were significantly higher among Pakistanis and Indians (1.85, 95% CI: 1.68-2.04, and 1.62,95% CI: 1.38-1.89) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pakistanis and Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus were more likely to have suboptimal glycaemic control than the white Scottish population. Further research on health services and self-management are needed to understand the association between ethnicity and glycaemic control to address ethnic disparities in glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Preeti H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Negandhi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nazim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghouri
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Mackenzie Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Colhoun
authors.affiliation: Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Colin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fischbacher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wild
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human