title: Metoclopramide nasal spray is effective in symptoms of gastroparesis in diabetics compared to conventional oral tablet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delayed gastric emptying symptoms interfere with the absorption of oral medications. Intranasal metoclopramide is being developed as an alternative to oral metoclopramide for patients with diabetic gastroparesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To compare the efficacy and safety of metoclopramide nasal spray to oral tablets in diabetic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis, this randomized, open-label, parallel design study randomized subjects to 10 or 20 mg nasal spray or 10 mg tablet four times a day for 6 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using a total symptom score (TSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine subjects were enrolled. For the intention to treat population, both nasal dose groups (10 and 20 mg) had lower TSS with treatment compared to the oral 10 mg group. The change from baseline in TSS for nasal 20 mg was greater than the oral 10 mg at Week 6 (p = 0.026). For the per-protocol population, there was a significant difference in the TSS between baseline and Week 6 for both the nasal 10 mg (p = 0.026) and the nasal 20 mg (p = 0.008) cohorts compared to the oral 10 mg group. Based on the definition of a responder, 88.9% of subjects who received oral 10 mg, 91.2% who received nasal 10 mg, and 97.1% who received nasal 20 metoclopramide were classified as responders. The side-effect profile of the metoclopramide nasal spray was favorable. More side effects, especially nausea, occurred with the oral tablets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metoclopramide nasal spray offers better symptom control than metoclopramide oral tablet in diabetic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Parkman
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonyer
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D008787:Metoclopramide
keywords: diabetes; dopamine antagonist; gastroparesis; metoclopramide; prokinetic agent