title: Hypertension Vaccine may be a boon to millions in developing world.
abstract: Hypertension affects around 40% adults aged 25 years and more worldwide, and accounts for 7% of total disability-adjusted life-years. A simple algorithmic program is required to manage hypertension consisting of screening, life style measures, treatment and follow-up, a reliable drug supply and distribution system, and a credible health information system. Despite availability of effective antihypertensive drugs, long term treatment is still costly, tedious, and at the population level rather unsuccessful. Hypertension leaves patients and families with an avoidable heavy economic burden due to failure to control blood pressure. Health policy needs to address gross imbalance between prevention and management by increasing contribution to the preventive programs. During 21st century, the risk factors for morbidity and mortality have been changed, and researchers have started to work upon vaccines against lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes etc. Researchers began experimenting with vaccines against the renin-angiotensin system to control hypertension around six decades ago. The vaccine candidates against hypertension namely ATR12181, pHAV-4Ang IIs, CYT006-AngQb, AngI-R, ATRQβ-001 have shown promising results. A candidate vaccine, CYT006-AngQb, has crossed initial phase and moved into phase 2 trials. However, more human studies in subsequent phases of trials are required to establish the safety and efficacy of anti-hypertensive vaccine. If proved safe and cost effective, a vaccine even with 50% efficacy against hypertension may protect about 90 million people from hypertension and its heavy economic burden. It can be an appropriate solution for low compliance to antihypertensive drug therapy as well as an avalanche to induce efforts on various chronic disease vaccine development programs.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bairwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine; Pt. B. D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pilania
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences; Banglore, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: CYT006-ANgQb vaccine; epidemiology; hypertension; noncommunicable diseases; renin