title: Testing of glove efficacy against sprayed isocyanate coatings utilizing a reciprocating permeation panel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modify a permeation panel to evaluate dermal protective clothing for resistance to sprayed coatings with minimal variability in spray paint loading across the test panel. Determine isocyanate protection effectiveness of natural rubber latex (5 mil or 0.13mm), nitrile rubber (5 mil or 0.13mm), and butyl rubber (13 mil or 0.33mm) glove materials against a commonly used automotive clear coat formulation. The latex and nitrile gloves were the type used by the local autobody spray painters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glove materials were tested by spraying paint onto an automated reciprocating permeation panel (permeation panel II). Temperature, relative humidity, and spray conditions were controlled to optimize paint loading homogeneity as evaluated by gravimetric analysis. Isocyanate permeation was measured using 1-(2-pyridyl)-piperazine-coated fiber-glass filters analyzed by a modified version of the OSHA 42/PV2034 methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latex exhibited a higher permeation rate compared with nitrile for isocyanates (1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate monomers) and both materials presented permeation at all of the time points suggesting a fast isocyanate breakthrough. Butyl material exhibited no permeation or breakthrough for isocyanates under the tested conditions. The spray application at 69±8°F was optimally homogeneous at 45±0.5mg weight of dry clear coat per 5cm(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The permeation panel II is a reliable method to assess dermal protective clothing performance against polymerizing coatings. Commonly used 5-mil (0.13-mm) latex and nitrile gloves were determined to be ineffective barriers against the isocyanates found in a commonly used clear-coat formulation while butyl gloves were protective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195-7234, USA;
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ceballos
authors.forename: Miyoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasakura
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reeb-Whitaker
authors.forename: Kendra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Broadwater
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milbauer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crampton
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dills
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Yost
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000032:analysis*; D007840:Latex; D066192:Manufacturing Industry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles; D010150:Paint; D010539:Permeability
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D017953:Isocyanates; D007840:Latex; D009570:Nitriles
keywords: automotive clear coats; butyl rubber; gloves; isocyanates; natural rubber latex; nitrile rubber; permeation