title: Assessment of pain experience in adults and children after bracket bonding and initial archwire insertion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ninety five percent of orthodontic patients routinely report pain, due to alterations in the periodontal ligament and surrounding soft tissues, with intensity and prevalence varying according to age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess toothache and buccal mucosal pain in adults and children during two initial phases of the orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intensity of toothache and buccal mucosal pain reported by 20 patients, 10 children (11-13 years) and 10 adults (18-37 years) was recorded with the aid of a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), during 14 days--7 days with bonded brackets only and 7 days with the initial archwire inserted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in pain intensity among adults and children. After bracket bonding, 50% of the children and 70% of the adults reported pain. 70% of both groups reported pain after initial archwire insertion. While adults reported constant, low intensity, buccal mucosal pain, the children showed great variation of pain intensity, but with a trend towards decreasing pain during the assessment period. After initial archwire insertion the peaks of toothache intensity and prevalence occurred 24 hours in children and 48 hours in adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, children reported pain less frequently than adults did, though with greater intensity.
authors.forename: Marcio José da Silva
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Marcelo Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: Nádia Rezende Barbosa
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Robert Willer Farinazzo
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Vitral
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Orthodontic treatment; Pain; Visual Analog Scale