title: Management of duplex-system ureterocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse different treatment modalities, functional outcome and continence in children treated for duplex-system ureterocele and to review the relevant literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients with duplex-system ureterocele treated between 2001 and 2011 were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two cases were identified. Five patients underwent incision of the ureterocele as initial procedure. It was curative in only one patient. Seven patients underwent upper-pole nephroureterectomy. It was curative in 4 cases. Five patients underwent excision of ureterocele and common-sheath reimplant, and the remaining 5 patients had upper-pole nephroureterectomy and simultaneous excision of ureterocele with lower-moiety ureteric reimplantation. These surgeries were curative in all patients. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 84 months. Functional outcome was good in all patients. Fourteen patients were continent at follow-up, and continence was not assessed in the other 8 because of young age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest a higher rate of secondary procedures if there is retained ureterocele. Data also suggest that complete reconstruction can be safely performed in a young infant without any adverse effect on continence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Bhanu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mariyappa
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samnakay
authors.forename: Japinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khosa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology
keywords: common sheath reimplant; duplex ureterocele; endoscopic incision; secondary surgery; upper pole nephrectomy