title: Rosmarinic acid-rich extracts of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) protect Jurkat T cells against oxidative stress.
abstract: Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L., Lamiaceae) is used in several regions of the world as a spice and folk medicine. Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of S. hortensis and of its rosmarinic acid-rich phenolic fraction have been demonstrated in animal trials. However, previous studies of rosmarinic acid in cell models have yielded controversial results. In this study, we investigated the effects of summer savory extracts on H2O2-challenged human lymphoblastoid Jurkat T cells. LC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of rosmarinic acid and flavonoids such as hesperidin and naringin in the phenolic fraction. Adding 25 or 50 µM of H2O2 to the cell culture caused oxidative stress, manifested as generation of superoxide and peroxyl radicals, reduced cell viability, G0/G1 arrest, and enhanced apoptosis. This stress was significantly alleviated by the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of S. hortensis and by the partially purified rosmarinic acid fraction. The application of an aqueous S. hortensis extract doubled the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the cells. The production of IL-2 and IL-10 interleukins was stimulated by H2O2 and was further enhanced by the addition of the S. hortensis extract or rosmarinic acid fraction. The H2O2-challenged Jurkat cells may serve as a model for investigating cellular mechanisms of cytoprotective phytonutrient effects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 Vazha Pshavela Ave. 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Irakli
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chkhikvishvili
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 Vazha Pshavela Ave. 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanikidze
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 Vazha Pshavela Ave. 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Nunu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gogia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 Vazha Pshavela Ave. 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mchedlishvili
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 Vazha Pshavela Ave. 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enukidze
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, 33 Vazha Pshavela Ave. 0177, Tbilisi, Georgia.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machavariani
authors.affiliation: Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Yakov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vinokur
authors.affiliation: Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodov
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D053630:Depsides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D002374:Catalase; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D000431:Ethanol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007378:Interleukins; D010545:Peroxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D013481:Superoxides; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C049375:perhydroxyl radical