title: Co-sleeping and childhood enuresis in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Co-sleeping is associated with disturbance of the natural sleep pattern, including sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) or bed-wetting, although benign, is a significant cause of distress to affected children and their caregiver(s). This study investigated the relationship between co-sleeping and NE in primary school children from China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a previous sleep study of primary school children from 8 cities across China were analyzed. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between co-sleeping and NE while controlling for a number of confounding factors. The prevalence of NE in co-sleeping and non-co-sleeping children in different age groups was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of co-sleeping and NE in children aged 5 to 12 years was 22.8% and 4.6%, respectively. Co-sleeping was associated with a higher prevalence of NE in primary school age children (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.77; p < .001) after adjusting for confounding factors. The differences in the prevalence of NE between co-sleepers and non-co-sleepers were significant in the 9-year age group (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06-2.11; p = .025) and 11- to 12-year age group (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.19-4.57; p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-sleeping may increase the risk of NE in primary school children, particularly in those aged 11 to 12 years.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; †MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; ‡Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shenghui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xingming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology