title: Topical promethazine side effects: our experience and review of the literature.
abstract: Promethazine hydrochloride is a first-generation H1 receptor antagonist, antihistamine, and antiemetic medication that can also have strong sedative effects. The apparent ability of topical H1r/2r antagonists to target epidermal H1/2r was translated into increased efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses, likely due to decreased inflammation and enhanced barrier function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantisani
authors.affiliation: Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Medical Legal and Locomotive System Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grieco
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Faina
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calvieri
mesh_terms: D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D011398:Promethazine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D011398:Promethazine