title: Alterations in sensitivity to estrogen, dihydrotestosterone, and xenogens in B-lymphocytes from children with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected twins/siblings.
abstract: It has been postulated that androgen overexposure in a susceptible person leads to excessive brain masculinization and the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) phenotype. In this study, the responses to estradiol (E2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) on B-lymphocytes from ASD subjects and controls are compared. B cells were obtained from 11 ASD subjects, their unaffected fraternal twins, and nontwin siblings. Controls were obtained from a different cell bank. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and sodium 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction levels were measured after incubation with different concentrations of E2, DHT, and DDE. XTT/LDH ratio, representative of mitochondria number per cell, was calculated. E2, DHT, and DDE all cause "U"-shaped growth curves, as measured by LDH levels. ASD B cells show less growth depression compared to siblings and controls (P < 0.01). They also have reduced XTT/LDH ratios (P < 0.01) when compared to external controls, whereas siblings had values of XTT/LDH between ASD and external controls. B-lymphocytes from people with ASD exhibit a differential response to E2, DHT, and hormone disruptors in regard to cell growth and mitochondrial upregulation when compared to non-ASD siblings and external controls. Specifically, ASD B-lymphocytes show significantly less growth depression and less mitochondrial upregulation when exposed to these effectors. A mitochondrial deficit in ASD individuals is implied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Methodist Neurological Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Scurlock Tower 944, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Martyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Methodist Neurological Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Scurlock Tower 944, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Taylor L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gist
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Methodist Neurological Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Scurlock Tower 944, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Baskin