title: Effects of a metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-rich diet on bone metabolism in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were: first, to evaluate the possible effects of a fructose rich diet (FRD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) on different aspects of long bone histomorphometry in young male rats; second, to investigate the effects of this diet on bone tissue regeneration; and third, to correlate these morphometric alterations with changes in the osteogenic/adipogenic potential and expression of specific transcription factors, of marrow stromal cells (MSC) isolated from rats with fructose-induced MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  MS was induced in rats by treatment with a FRD for 28 days. Halfway through treatment, a parietal wound was made and bone healing was evaluated 14 days later. After treatments, histomorphometric analysis was performed in dissected femoral and parietal bones. MSC were isolated from the femora of control or fructose-treated rats and differentiated either to osteoblasts (evaluated by type 1 collagen, Alkaline phosphatase and extracellular nodule mineralization) or to adipocytes (evaluated by intracellular triglyceride accumulation). Expression of Runx2 and PPARγ was assessed by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fructose-induced MS induced deleterious effects on femoral metaphysis microarchitecture and impaired bone regeneration. Fructose treatment decreased the osteogenic potential of MSC and Runx2 expression. In addition, it increased the adipogenic commitment of MSC and PPARγ expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fructose-induced MS is associated with deleterious effects on bone microarchitecture and with a decrease in bone repair. These alterations could be due to a deviation in the adipogenic/osteogenic commitment of MSC, probably by modulation of the Runx2/PPARγ ratio.
authors.affiliation: LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Felice
authors.affiliation: LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Virginia
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Gangoiti
authors.affiliation: LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Silvina
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Molinuevo
authors.affiliation: LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Antonio Desmond
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: LIOMM (Laboratorio de Investigación en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral), Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. Electronic address: cortizo@biol.unlp.edu.ar.
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cortizo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D047495:PPAR gamma; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; AB; ALP; Alcian Blue; Bone marrow progenitor cells; Bone micro-architecture; Bone regeneration; DMEM; Dulbecco’s modified essential medium; FBS; FRD; Fructose; H&E; Haematoxylin and Eosin; IBMX; MS; MSC; Metabolic syndrome; NBF; Neutral Buffered Formalin; TRAP; Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase; fetal bovine serum; fructose rich diet; marrow stromal cells; metabolic syndrome; p-NP; p-NPP; p-nitrophenol; p-nitrophenylphosphate