title: Comparison between Double J (DJ) Ureteral Stenting and Percutaneous Nephrostomy (PCN) in Obstructive Uropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the complications rate of percutaneous nephrostomy and double J ureteral stenting in the management of obstructive uropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total number of 300 patients of age 20-80 years who underwent JJ stenting or percutaneous nephrostomy for obstructive uropathy were included in this study. Patients were divided in two groups i.e. A & B. In group A, 100 patients who underwent double J ureteral stenting while in group B, 200 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion were included. The stent was inserted retrograde by using cystoscope, under mild sedation or local anesthesia. While the percutaneous nephrostomy was done under ultrasound guidance by using local anesthetic agent. Complications were noted in immediate post-operative period and on follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority of the patients were between 36 to 50 years of age with male to female ratio was 2.6:1. The most common cause of obstructive uropathy was stone disease i.e. renal, ureteric or both. Post DJ stent, complications like painful trigon irritation, septicemia, haematuria and stent encrustation were seen in 12.0%, 7.0%, 10.0% and 5.0% patients respectively. On the other hand, post-PCN septicemia, bleeding and tube dislodgment or blockage was seen in 3.5%, 4.5% and 4.5% respectively. In this study, overall success rate for double J stenting was up to 83.0% and for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) was 92.0% (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous nephrostomy is a safe and better method of temporary urinary diversion than double J stenting for management of obstructive uropathy with lower incidence of complications.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad, FCPS, Assistant Professor, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Bahawal Victoria Hospital/Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iftikhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mudassar Saeed Pansota Post Graduate Resident, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Bahawal Victoria Hospital/Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mudassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed Pansota
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Tariq, FCPS, Medical Officer, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Bahawal Victoria Hospital/Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Shahzad Saleem, FCPS, Medical Officer, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Bahawal Victoria Hospital/Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahzad Saleem
authors.affiliation: Prof. Dr. Shafqat Ali Tabassum, FCPS, Head of Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation.
authors.forename: Shafqat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali Tabassum
authors.affiliation: Dr. Akbar Hussain, FCPS, Medical Officer, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Bahawal Victoria Hospital/Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
keywords: Complications rate; Double J stenting; Obstructive uropathy; Percutaneous nephrostomy