title: Early mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients: a 1-day point-prevalence study in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is growing evidence to support early mobilization of adult mechanically ventilated patients in ICUs. However, there is little knowledge regarding early mobilization in routine ICU practice. Hence, the interdisciplinary German ICU Network for Early Mobilization undertook a 1-day point-prevalence survey across Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-day point-prevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixteen ICUs in Germany in 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adult mechanically ventilated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a 24-hour period, data were abstracted on hospital and ICU characteristics, the level of patient mobilization and associated barriers, and complications occurring during mobilization. One hundred sixteen participating ICUs provided data for 783 patients. Overall, 185 patients (24%) were mobilized out of bed (i.e., sitting on the edge of the bed or higher level of mobilization). Among patients with an endotracheal tube, tracheostomy, and noninvasive ventilation, 8%, 39%, and 53% were mobilized out of bed, respectively (p < 0.001 for difference between three groups). The most common perceived barriers to mobilizing patients out of bed were cardiovascular instability (17%) and deep sedation (15%). Mobilization out of bed versus remaining in bed was not associated with a higher frequency of complications, with no falls or extubations occurring in those mobilized out of bed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this 1-day point-prevalence study conducted across Germany, only 24% of all mechanically ventilated patients and only 8% of patients with an endotracheal tube were mobilized out of bed as part of routine care. Addressing modifiable barriers for mobilization, such as deep sedation, will be important to increase mobilization in German ICUs.
authors.affiliation: 1Nursing Research, Nursing and Patient Service, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany. 2Outcomes After Critical Illness and Surgery (OACIS) Group, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 3Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD. 4Faculty of Nursing Science, University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany. 5Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Katharinenhospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. 6Department of Physiotherapy, University Hospital of Gießen and Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany. 7Work and Life Educational Association, Göttingen, Germany. 8Department of Continuing Education of Critical Care Nursing, District Hospital of Reutlingen, Reutlingen, Germany. 9Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Alb Fils Kliniken GmbH, Klinik am Eichert, Göppingen, Germany. 10Department of Anaesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 11Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany. 12Department of Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 13Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nydahl
authors.forename: A Parker
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ruhl
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartoszek
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dubb
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filipovic
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Flohr
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaltwasser
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mende
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rothaug
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuchhardt
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwabbauer
authors.forename: Dale M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Needham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054810:Deep Sedation; D004434:Early Ambulation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial