title: Citrus bergamia Risso Elevates Intracellular Ca (2+) in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Release of Ca (2+) from Primary Intracellular Stores.
abstract: The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot, BEO) on intracellular Ca(2+) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Fura-2 fluorescence was used to examine changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)]i . In the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), BEO increased [Ca(2+)]i , which was partially inhibited by a nonselective Ca(2+) channel blocker La(3+). In Ca(2+)-free extracellular solutions, BEO increased [Ca(2+)]i in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that BEO mobilizes intracellular Ca(2+). BEO-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase was partially inhibited by a Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release inhibitor dantrolene, a phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, and an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-gated Ca(2+) channel blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borane (2-APB). BEO also increased [Ca(2+)]i in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. In addition, store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOC) was potentiated by BEO. These results suggest that BEO mobilizes Ca(2+) from primary intracellular stores via Ca(2+)-induced and IP3-mediated Ca(2+) release and affect promotion of Ca(2+) influx, likely via an SOC mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Purum
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Youngdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hea Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Youngdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Seek
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Geun Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Seol