title: Experimentation with inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids have been used for decades with different production systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following jet-nebulizers: (a) Invacare, (b) Sunmist, (c) Maxineb and ultrasound nebulizers: (a) GIMA, (b) OMRON and (c) EASY NEB II were used as production systems. The jet-nebulizers were used with different residual cups and volume filling, while the ultrasound nebulizers with different volume fillings and face mask versus inlet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhalation and ultrasound process detect significant differences between the factors and interactions considered, but each technique follows a specific pattern of magnitude effect. Thus the inhaled mechanism ranks the factor effects in decreasing order: residual cup>drug>nebulizer>loading (2, 3, 4 ml) and also drug>residual cup>nebulizer (loading 8 ml). The ultrasound mechanism orders as follows: nebulizer>drug>loading. In fact, varying micro environmental conditions created during the performance of the devices in both processes alternate the magnitude of factor significance allowing for unique capacities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PULMICORT, MAXINEB, design cup J and loading 6 ml are the best options for the inhaled process. Optimal combinations are provided by FLIXOTIDE and cup B and also by MAXINEB and cup J. The incorporation of large residual cups suggests one out of six drugs, the SUNMIST nebulizer and design D as the best choices. Ultrasound performance informs for other optimal conditions: ZYLOREN, MAXINEB, 4 ml load and MAXINEB×loading 4 ml.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: pzarog@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porpodis
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petridis
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lampaki
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Dionysios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spyratos
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaiwannou
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Organtzis
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kontakiotis
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manika
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kaid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Darwiche
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Department, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsiouda
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Despoina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papakosta
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarogoulidis
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: Aerolin (Pub Chem CID: 39859); Anticholinergic; Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Pub Chem CID: 21700); Bronchodilators; Budesonide (Pub Chem CID: 5281004); Carboplatin (Pub Chem CID: 10339178); Cisplatin (Pub Chem CID: 83910); Corticosteroids; Docetaxel (Pub Chem CID: 148124); Gemcitabine (Pub Chem CID: 60749); Ipratropium Bromide (Pub Chem CID: 657308); Nebulizers; Paclitaxel (Pub Chem CID: 36314); Sulbactam (Pub Chem CID: 130313)