title: Enterovesical fistulae: aetiology, imaging, and management.
abstract: Background and Study Objectives. Enterovesical fistula (EVF) is a devastating complication of a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Radiological imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis of EVF and is indispensable to gastroenterologists and surgeons for choosing the correct therapeutic option. This paper provides an overview of the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae. The treatment of fistulae is also briefly discussed. Material and Methods. We performed a literature review by searching the Medline database for articles published from its inception until September 2013 based on clinical relevance. Electronic searches were limited to the keywords: "enterovesical fistula," "colovesical fistula" (CVF), "pelvic fistula", and "urinary fistula". Results. EVF is a rare pathology. Diverticulitis is the commonest aetiology. Over two-thirds of affected patients describe pathognomonic features of pneumaturia, fecaluria, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Computed tomography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae as not only does it detect a fistula, but it also provides information about the surrounding anatomical structures. Conclusions. In the vast majority of cases, this condition is diagnosed because of unremitting urinary symptoms after gastroenterologist follow-up procedures for a diverticulitis or bowel inflammatory disease. Computed tomography is the most sensitive test for enterovesical fistula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Ulica Grzegorzecka 18, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Golabek
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, Ulica Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szymanska
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Ulica Grzegorzecka 18, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szopinski
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bukowczan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Central Clinical Hospital Ministry of Interior in Warsaw, ul. Wolowska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furmanek
authors.affiliation: The 1st Department of Urology, Postgraduate Medical Education Centre, European Health Centre in Otwock, ul. Borowa 14/18, 05-400 Otwock, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powroznik
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Ulica Grzegorzecka 18, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chlosta