title: Selection of the sub-noise gain level for acquisition of VOCAL data sets: a reliability study.
abstract: This study was aimed at assessing the intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability of selecting the sub-noise gain (SNG) level when acquiring placental volumes with 3-D power Doppler for analysis using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL). Sixty women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies between 20 and 38 wk of gestation were recruited. Two women were excluded for flash artifact noted during image analysis. Two blinded observers independently adjusted gain to their perceived SNG level before acquiring a static 3-D volume of the placenta at the cord insertion; observers alternated after each acquisition until each had acquired two volumes. A single observer operated the probe at all times. During offline analysis, SNG levels were recorded and VOCAL indices were calculated. SNG exhibited excellent intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Intra-observer intra-class correlation coefficients (95% confidence intervals) were 0.98 (0.97-0.99) and 0.98 (0.98-0.99) for observers 1 and 2, respectively. The inter-observer intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.96 (0.93-0.98). Despite its perceived inherent subjectivity, the excellent intra-class correlation coefficients obtained in this study support SNG as a promising tool for future research using 3-D power Doppler.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Neama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meriki
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Centre for Perinatal Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: alec.welsh@unsw.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alec W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Welsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D009929:Organ Size; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D010920:Placenta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Inter-observer variability; Intra-observer variability; Placental perfusion; Power Doppler; Sub-noise gain; Virtual organ computer-aided analysis