title: Utilizing exhaled carbon monoxide measurement with self-declared smoking cessation: enhancing abstinence effectiveness in Taiwanese outpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Presently, the Department of Health Taiwan has begun to fund a smoking cessation program, and the annual cessation rate was 8.9% in 2010. This study aims to see whether to enhance abstinence effectiveness by utilizing exhaled carbon monoxide (COExh) measurement with self-declared smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The longitudinal prospective study gathered 33 subjects on quitting smoking with the motivation to join the grant program in chest outpatient from August 2009 to July 2010. Overall, subjects were given nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in the first stage, and explored abstinence rate results in evaluation stage. The cutoff point of COExh 6 ppm or less than (≤) and patients' self-declared abstinence reports confirmed a smoking cessation success status. Point abstinences were defined as the smokers refrained from smoking at least 7 days, while continuous abstinences were defined as nonsmoking at least 3, 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The validities were 198 tracking results for two stages (P < 0.001 vs P < 0.001), and sensitivity (56.5% vs 60.0%), specificity (90.1% vs 82.6%), positive predictive value (63.4% vs 60.0%) and negative predictive value (87.2% vs 82.6%) were detected. Moreover, the validities were 33 results for point and continuous abstinences at 3 month (P < 0.001 vs P < 0.001), and higher successful rates. Point abstinence rates at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up for overall subjects were 27.2%, 15.2% and 18.1%, respectively. Continuous abstinence rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were 24.2%, 12.1% and 12.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilizing COExh measurement with self-declared smoking cessation enhanced abstinence effectiveness in Taiwanese outpatients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Chu
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chiu-Hsia
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yuh-Chyn
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ching-Wan
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Mei-Lien
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Chin-Chou
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Meng-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shih-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide
keywords: continuous abstinence; exhaled carbon monoxide; nicotine replacement therapy; point abstinence; smoking cessation