title: Triptolide sensitizes liver cancer cell lines to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Triptolide is a diterpenoid epoxide isolated from the herb Tripterygium wilfordii, which has long been used as a natural medicine in China for many diseases including cancer. However, its effect on liver cancer has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of triptolide on liver cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of triptolide with cancer chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and in vivo on liver cancer cells has been investigated. Cell viability and protein expression were determined by MTT assay and Western blotting respectively. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. The antitumor effects of triptolide alone or in combination were also measured in transplantation tumor models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of triptolide plus chemotherapeutics (Cisplatin, 5-FU) reduced cancer cell viability and enhanced apoptosis compared with single treatment in vitro. Furthermore, cells treated with triptolide plus chemotherapeutics exhibited marked production of intracellular ROS and caspase-3 activity compared with single treatment, which paralleled the incidence of apoptosis. Triptolide and chemotherapeutics treatment also induced Bax expression, and inhibited Bcl-2 expression. Triptolide also boosted the anticancerous effects of cisplatin and 5-FU in nude mice compared with cisplatin or 5-FU alone treated tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that triptolide is associated with increased cellular sensitivity of liver cancer cells to cisplatin and 5-FU in vivo and in vitro, and may provide new liver cancer treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital Shandong University, Jinan, China - pxliyong@163.com.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000737:chemistry; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D029757:Tripterygium / Q000737:chemistry; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; C494826:BAX protein, human; D004224:Diterpenes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C001899:triptolide; D053148:Caspase 3; D005472:Fluorouracil