title: Make her a virgin again: when medical disputes about minors are cultural clashes.
abstract: Recalcitrant disputes among health care providers and patients or their families may signal deep cultural differences about what interventions are needed or about clinicians's professional duties. These issues arose in relation to a mother's request for hymenoplasty or revirgination for her minor daughter to enable an overseas, forced marriage and protect her from an honor killing. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology committee recommends against members performing a hymenoplasty or other female genital cosmetic surgeries due to a lack of data concerning their safety and efficacy. A key issue in such cases is how to determine what is in the minor's best interest and the scope of health care moral or professional's duties. The Best Interests Standard can serve as a powerful moral tool for resolving cross-cultural disputes and identifying needed policy.
authors.affiliation: *Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA. kopelmanlo@ecu.edu.
authors.forename: Loretta M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kopelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003469:Culture; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006924:Hymen / Q000601:surgery*; D057828:Informed Consent By Minors; D008393:Marriage; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000941:ethics*
keywords: ACOG; Best Interests Standard; child brides; child endangerment; ethics; female genital cosmetic surgery; forced marriage; honor killing; hymenoplasty; minors; revirgination; surrogate decision making; the rights of children