title: Dextranomer hyaluronic acid copolymer effects on gastroesophageal junction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The outcomes of fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease are suboptimal in many children, and alternatives are clearly needed. Dextranomer hyaluronic acid (DxHA) copolymer, an agent with proven efficacy in vesicoureteral reflux, was studied with respect to its effects on the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve New Zealand white rabbits underwent measurement of lower esophageal sphincter pressure followed by laparotomy and injection into the muscular layer of the GEJ (controls, 1.0 mL saline; low-dose DxHA [0.5 mL]; high-dose DxHA [1.0 mL]). After a 12-week survival period, the animals underwent manometry, sacrifice, and necropsy. Organs were examined histologically by pathologists blinded to the injection delivered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals survived. Weight gain was equal in the 3 groups. There was no significant difference in mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure from baseline in any group (control 2.3 mmHg [95% confidence interval, CI -3.3 to 7.9]; low-dose group 3.2 mmHg [95% CI -0.8 to 7.2]; high-dose group -4.0 mmHg [95% CI -18.95 to 10.95]). Histologically, DxHA injection produced an intramural implant, with a foreign body giant cell reaction, and fibroblastic infiltration with collagen deposition. High-dose injection did not consistently result in a qualitative increase in the magnitude of the reaction. There was no mucosal injury or luminal stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this first study evaluating the effects of DxHA injection at the GEJ, a histologic bulking effect was observed without obvious functional complications. The agent may have a role in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery †Division of Pediatric Pathology ‡Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emil
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Fady
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaied
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blumenkrantz
authors.forename: Jean-Martin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Laberge
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Morinville
authors.forename: Van-Hung
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000139:chemically induced; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy; D015743:Giant Cells, Foreign-Body / Q000502:physiology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008365:Manometry / Q000662:veterinary; D011312:Pressure; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen