title: Probiotic supplementation promotes calcification in Danio rerio larvae: a molecular study.
abstract: A growing number of studies have been showing that dietary probiotics can exert beneficial health effects in both humans and animals. We previously demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus - a component of the human gut microflora - enhances reproduction, larval development, and the biomineralization process in Danio rerio (zebrafish). The aim of this study was to identify the pathways affected by L. rhamnosus during zebrafish larval development. Our morphological and histochemical findings show that L. rhamnosus accelerates bone deposition through stimulation of the expression of key genes involved in ossification, e.g. runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2), Sp7 transcription factor (sp7), matrix Gla protein (mgp), and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein (bglap) as well as through inhibition of sclerostin (sost), a bone formation inhibitor. Western blot analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 3-(Mapk1 and Mapk3), which are involved in osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation, documented an increase in Mapk1 16 days post fertilization (dpf) and of Mapk3 23 dpf in individuals receiving L. rhamnosus supplementation. Interestingly, a reduction of sost detected in the same individuals suggests that the probiotic may help treat bone disorders.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maradonna
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gioacchini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falcinelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italia.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertotto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italia.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia.
authors.forename: Ike
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olivotto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia ; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: Oliana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carnevali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit