title: Subthalamic nucleus activity dissociates proactive and reactive inhibition in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Models of action selection postulate the critical involvement of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), especially in reactive inhibition processes when inappropriate responses to a sudden stimulus must be overridden. The STN could also play a key role during proactive inhibition, when subjects prepare to potentially suppress their actions. Here, we hypothesized that STN responses to reactive and proactive inhibitory control might be driven by different underlying mechanisms with specific temporal profiles. Direct neural recordings in twelve Parkinson's disease patients during a modified stop signal task (SST) revealed a decrease of beta band activity (βA, 13-35Hz) in the STN during reactive inhibition of smaller amplitude and shorter duration than during motor execution. Crucially, the onset latency of this relative increase of βA took place before the stop signal reaction time. It could thus be thought of as a "stop" signal inhibiting thalamo-cortical activity that would have supported motor execution. Finally, results also revealed a higher level of βA in the STN during proactive inhibition, which correlated with patient's inhibitory performances. We propose that βA in the STN would here participate in the implementation of a "hold your horse" signal to delay motor responses, thus prioritizing accuracy as compared to speed. In brief, our results provide strong electrophysiological support for the hypothesized role of the STN during executive control underlying proactive and reactive response suppression.
authors.affiliation: Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benis
authors.affiliation: Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: David
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1028, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lachaux
authors.affiliation: Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France; University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Grenoble, 38042 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seigneuret
authors.affiliation: Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France; University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Grenoble, 38042 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krack
authors.affiliation: Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France; University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Grenoble, 38042 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fraix
authors.affiliation: Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France; University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Grenoble, 38042 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Stéphan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabardès
authors.affiliation: Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France; INSERM, U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: julien.bastin@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bastin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001611:Beta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011931:Reactive Inhibition; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Beta band; Executive functions; Local field potentials; Parkinson disease; Proactive inhibition; Reactive inhibition; Stop signal task; Subthalamic nucleus