title: The effect of aluminium-stress and exogenous spermidine on chlorophyll degradation, glutathione reductase activity and the photosystem II D1 protein gene (psbA) transcript level in lichen Xanthoria parietina.
abstract: In this study, the effects of short-term aluminium toxicity and the application of spermidine on the lichen Xanthoria parietina were investigated at the physiological and transcriptional levels. Our results suggest that aluminium stress leads to physiological processes in a dose-dependent manner through differences in lipid peroxidation rate, chlorophyll content and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) activity in aluminium and spermidine treated samples. The expression of the photosystem II D1 protein (psbA) gene was quantified using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Increased glutathione reductase activity and psbA mRNA transcript levels were observed in the X. parietina thalli that were treated with spermidine before aluminium-stress. The results showed that the application of spermidine could mitigate aluminium-induced lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll degradation on lichen X. parietina thalli through an increase in psbA transcript levels and activity of glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes.
authors.affiliation: University of Bilecik Seyh Edebali, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gulumbe-Bilecik, Turkey; University of Rize Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulseren
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: University of Bilecik Seyh Edebali, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gulumbe-Bilecik, Turkey.
authors.forename: Isil Ezgi
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Eryilmaz
authors.affiliation: University of Bilecik Seyh Edebali, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gulumbe-Bilecik, Turkey. Electronic address: dilek.unal@bilecik.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozakca
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008011:Lichens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013095:Spermidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000535:Aluminum; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D013095:Spermidine
keywords: Aluminium; Chlorophyll degradation; Glutathione reductase; Lipid peroxidation; Spermidine; psbA gene