title: An assessment of template-guided implant surgery in terms of accuracy and related factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Template-guided implant therapy has developed hand-in-hand with computed tomography (CT) to improve the accuracy of implant surgery and future prosthodontic treatment. In our present study, the accuracy and causative factors for computer-assisted implant surgery were assessed to further validate the stable clinical application of this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 implants in 48 patients were included in this study. Implant surgery was performed with a stereolithographic template. Pre- and post-operative CTs were used to compare the planned and placed implants. Accuracy and related factors were statistically analyzed with the Spearman correlation method and the linear mixed model. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at P≤.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean errors of computer-assisted implant surgery were 1.09 mm at the coronal center, 1.56 mm at the apical center, and the axis deviation was 3.80°. The coronal and apical errors of the implants were found to be strongly correlated. The errors developed at the coronal center were magnified at the apical center by the fixture length. The case of anterior edentulous area and longer fixtures affected the accuracy of the implant template.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The control of errors at the coronal center and stabilization of the anterior part of the template are needed for safe implant surgery and future prosthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soung-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Accuracy; Computer-assisted surgery; Dental implant