title: The effect of iron and zinc supplementation and its discontinuation on liver antioxidant status in rats fed deficient diets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the effect of iron or combined iron/zinc supplementation on rat liver antioxidant status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 6-week male Wistar rats were examined in 3 stages: (1) 4-week adaptation to the diets (C-control AIN-93M diet, D-iron deficient and R-with 50% reduction in all vitamin and mineral amounts); (2) 4-week supplementation with the same regimen enriched with tenfold more iron or iron/zinc; (3) 2-week post-supplementation period (the same diets as in the stage I).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined iron/zinc supplementation similarly to iron supplementation alone significantly (p values ≤ 0.05) increased the iron content in the liver in D and R rats after stages II and III. Moreover, iron/zinc supplementation compared to iron supplementation alone significantly decreased the liver concentration of 8-isoprostane (after stage II in D and after stage III in R rats), protein carbonyl groups (only after stage III in R rats) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (after stage II in R and after stage III in D and R rats). In rats fed R-type of diets after stage II hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, but not glutathione peroxidation activity and total antioxidant capacity, was lower in iron and iron/zinc supplemented than in non-supplemented rats, whereas after stage III in iron/zinc supplemented SOD was lower and CAT activity was higher in comparison with non-supplemented and iron supplemented rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous iron/zinc supplementation can protect liver against peroxidative damage induced by high doses of iron during and after the intervention in rats fed iron-deficient diet and diet with reduced amounts of vitamins and minerals. The post-intervention observation is relevant because the effect may be delayed and visible only after this period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C Str., 02-776, Warsaw, Poland, joanna_kaluza@sggw.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaluza
authors.forename: Dawid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Madej
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rusaczonek
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Siedlecka
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pietruszka
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D015237:Dinoprost; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005978:Glutathione; D015032:Zinc