title: Hematopoietic cell populations in dolphin bone marrow: Analysis of colony formation and differentiation.
abstract: Bone marrow biopsy is useful for diagnosis of hematopoietic diseases. We have recently reported that bone marrow biopsy from the flipper might be useful for diagnosis of hematopoietic diseases in dolphins. In this study, to demonstrate whether biopsy from the flipper is useful for clinical diagnosis, we investigated the gene expression profiles and proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) isolated from the humeral bone marrow of bottlenose dolphins. BMMC exhibited gene expression profiles considered to be characteristic of hematopoietic cells. Similarly, a colony forming unit assay showed that dolphin BMMC possessed vigorous colony forming ability. The proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells resulted in the formation of three types of colonies, containing neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils with or without megakaryocytes, all of which could be identified based on the morphological characteristics and gene expression profiles typically associated with hematopoietic markers. Thus, dolphin BMMCs from humeral bone marrow contain many hematopoietic progenitor cells, and bone marrow biopsy from the flipper is suggested useful for clinical diagnosis for the dolphins.
authors.affiliation: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.affiliation: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itou
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moritomo
authors.affiliation: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
keywords: BMMC, bone marrow mononuclear cell; Bone marrow; CFU assay, colony forming unit assay; Colony forming unit assay; Dolphin; EBF, early B-cell factor; EPOR, erythropoietin receptor; Epx, eosinophil peroxidase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; G-CSFR, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor; Gene expression; Hematopoiesis; Humeral bone; IMDM, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium; LCM, lymphocyte conditioned medium; M-CSFR, macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor; M-MuLV, Moloney murine leukemia virus; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MSR, macrophage scavenger receptor; NE, neutrophil elastase; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte; Pax5, paired box gene 5; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SCL, stem cell leukemia; TCRβ, T cell receptor β