title: Myofibroblast presence in apparently normal mucosa adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with chronic tobacco/areca nut use: evidence for field cancerization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myofibroblasts are primary cellular components of activated tumor stroma, associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, their role in field cancerization has not been addressed. This study aims to evaluate the presence of myofibroblasts in patient-matched histologically normal mucosa adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma (HNMAOSCC) and OSCC tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patient-matched tissues of OSCC and HNMAOSCC associated with chronic areca nut/tobacco use were subjected to immunohistochemistry using α-SMA for detection of myofibroblasts. Normal oral mucosa (n = 15) were stained as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of α-SMA stained myofibroblasts in OSCC and HNMAOSCC were significantly increased as compared to that of the normal controls (p < 0.001). Further, a significant correlation was established for the presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma of OSCC and HNMAOSCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myofibroblasts are an early stromal change in the HNMAOSCC, highlighting the possible role of myofibroblasts as likely mediators for field cancerization and their potential use as a field effect marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE University's VK Institute of Dental Sciences , Belgaum, Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: Punnya V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Angadi
authors.forename: Prakash V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Alka D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hallikerimath
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Babji
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009754:Nuts / Q000009:adverse effects; D064424:Tobacco Use; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C541116:ACTA2 protein, human; D000199:Actins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: apparently normal mucosa adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma; areca nut; field cancerization; myofibroblasts; oral squamous cell carcinoma; tobacco; tumorigenesis