title: Identification, characterization, and quantification of an anti-pyridoxine factor from flaxseed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: In the present study, the anti-pyridoxine compounds linatine (1-[(n-γ-L-glutamyl)amino]-D-proline) and 1-amino-D-proline (1ADP) were quantified following extraction from defatted flaxseed using aqueous isopropanol as a solvent, with extraction variables including time, temperature, and the solid/solvent ratio. Both linatine and 1ADP were identified, characterized, and quantified via UPLC/ESI-MS using authentic standards. To optimize the extraction conditions for these anti-pyridoxine compounds, a response surface methodology was applied using a second-order polynomial to describe the experimental data. The predicted model for the optimal extraction was significant (P < 0.05) with a R(2) of 0.82. A varietal analysis showed that the amount of anti-pyridoxine present in flaxseed ranged from 177 to 437 μg 1ADPE/g of whole seed. The current study establishes the content of specific anti-pyridoxine factors in flaxseed and positions the data for use in subsequent risk assessment modeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, ‡Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, and #Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Shyamchand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayengbam
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barthet
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliani
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: House
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000032:analysis; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014118:Toxins, Biological; C012179:1-aminoproline; D011392:Proline; C012405:linatine; D011736:Pyridoxine; D019840:2-Propanol
keywords: 1-amino-d-proline; anti-pyridoxine; flaxseed; linatine