title: Chronic venous leg ulcers: is topical zinc the answer? A review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To enhance the learner's competence with knowledge of research data on topical zinc for treatment of chronic leg ulcers.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
  Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are chronic leg wounds that can have a debilitating effect on the physical and psychological health of patients. Older patients, who are a vulnerable group, suffer from VLUs more frequently, and the prevalence of these ulcers increases as the population ages. Venous leg ulcers also pose a serious cost to the healthcare industry. Zinc, in the form of topical creams and lotions, has been used in wound care for more than 3,000 years and is now contained in a variety of wound care products that are used in the treatment of chronic VLUs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review was to examine the current empirical evidence to assess if topical zinc-based wound products are effective in promoting the healing of VLUs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a systematic search and review of the literature, based on selected keywords, 11 studies were identified as being relevant, and data were extracted using content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that there is currently very poor-quality evidence to suggest that topical zinc-based wound products are effective in healing VLUs, either in conjunction with compression therapy, as compression bandages themselves, or as a topical skin protectant. Some of the studies were sponsored by industry, which challenges the validity and reliability of their results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is apparent that not only was much of the literature conducted on a small scale, it is also outdated and methodologically inconsistent. There is scant high-quality evidence to suggest that topical zinc-based wound products are effective in promoting the healing of VLUs. New studies are urgently needed that are larger, scientifically rigorous, and without bias from industry. This will enable clinicians to implement evidenced-based practice and choose the most appropriate wound management product to improve patient care and reduce the costs of healthcare.
authors.affiliation: Siobhan O'Connor, BSc (Business Information Systems), BSc (Nursing), RGN Research Assistant Catherine McAuley School of Nursing & Midwifery, University College Cork Cork, Ireland Doctoral Student Health Information Systems Research Centre, Department of Business Information Systems University College Cork Cork, Ireland Siobhan Murphy, BSc(Hons), MSc, RGN, RNT College Lecturer Catherine McAuley School of Nursing & Midwifery, University College Cork Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D002908:Chronic Disease; D058128:Compression Bandages; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D015034:Zinc Oxide