title: Diabetes-related foot ulcers and associated factors: results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT3) (2006-2008).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the proportion of people with diabetes reporting a history of foot ulcer and investigate associated factors and healing time in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT3), Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2006-2008, all inhabitants in Nord-Trøndelag County aged ≥ 20 years were invited to take part in this population-based study; 54% (n=50,807) attended. In participants reporting to have diabetes we examined the relationships between foot ulcers requiring more than 3 weeks to heal (DFU) and sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical variables using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among participants with diabetes, 7.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.2%-8.6%) reported a DFU. The median healing time was 6.0 weeks. In the final model, factors associated with a DFU were age ≥ 75 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.7), male sex (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1), waist circumference ≥ 102 cm (men) or 88 cm (women) (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.2-3.2), insulin use (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4) and any macrovascular complication (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of people with diabetes reporting a DFU was 7.4%, associated factors were age ≥ 75 years, male sex, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm (men) or 88 cm (women), insulin use and any macrovascular complication. The median healing time was 6 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Molvær
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graue
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Espehaug
authors.affiliation: Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Østbye
authors.affiliation: HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midthjell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: marjolein.iversen@hib.no.
authors.forename: Marjolein M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Iversen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Epidemiology; Foot ulcer; Population-based study; Risk factors