title: Quick adjustment of imaging tracer payload, for in vivo applications of theranostic nanostructures in the brain.
abstract: In order to provide sufficient sensibility for detection, selection of an adequate payload of imaging probe is critical, during the design of MRI theranostic nanoplatforms. This fact is particularly crucial for in vivo applications in the brain, where delivery of macromolecules is limited by the blood-brain barrier. Here we report a simple and quick process for the estimation of adequate payloads of gadolinium in liposomes with potential to act as theranostic agents, for in vivo MRI applications in the brain. Our studies show that an excessive payload of gadolinium in liposomes may actually have a negative influence on in vivo T1 contrast. By preparing and characterizing 4 different liposomal compositions of increasing Gadolinium loads, we show that a superior sensitivity for in vivo detection of MRI theranostic molecules can be quickly improved by adjusting the payload of imaging probe in the molecules.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This team of authors report the development of a simple and quick process for the estimation of adequate payloads of gadolinium in liposomes as theranostic agents for in vivo brain MRI studies, using a rodent model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Research Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca and Institute of Health Sciences of Castilla and Leon, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agulla
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group and Grup de Recerça en Neurociencies del IGTP, Department of Neurosciences, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias I Pujol-Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brea
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Argibay
authors.affiliation: Single Molecule Fluorescence Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobrino
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Area, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: pedro.ramos.cabrer@sergas.es.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramos-Cabrer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011859:Radiography; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008081:Liposomes; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Contrast quenching; Gadolinium chelates; Molecular imaging; Probe payload; Theranostics