title: A polyherbal formulation attenuates hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and prevents subsequent deposition of calcium oxalate crystals and renal cell injury in rat kidneys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystone is an approved Ayurvedic polyherbal proprietary medicine used in India for various urinary disorders, including urolithiasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the protective effect of Cystone against hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethylene glycol (EG) (0.75%, V/V) in drinking water was given to rats for 28 days to induce urolithiasis with simultaneous treatment of Cystone (500 and 750 mg/kg body weight), and various urinary risk factors of urolithiasis and antioxidant markers were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EG treatment lead to increased urine volume and lowered urinary pH, along with increased urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium and phosphate in untreated animals. These changes caused extensive calcium oxalate crystal deposition, increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase and GPx) in the kidney of untreated rats. Cystone prevented these hyperoxaluric manifestations and inhibited calcium oxalate crystal deposition in treated rats at both doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystone therapy provides protection against hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and calcium oxalate crystal deposition by improving renal tissue antioxidant status and diuresis.
authors.affiliation: S.L.T. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilapur, India.
authors.forename: Kiran S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bodakhe
authors.affiliation: S.L.T. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilapur, India.
authors.forename: Kamta P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Namdeo
authors.affiliation: S.L.T. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilapur, India.
authors.forename: Kartik C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machwal
authors.affiliation: S.L.T. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilapur, India. Electronic address: surendra.pareta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Surendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pareta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006801:Humans; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007194:India; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C041060:cystone; D002129:Calcium Oxalate
keywords: Ayurveda, polyherbal; Calcium oxalate; Ethylene glycol; Hyperoxaluria; Oxidative stress; Urolithiasis