title: Parthenium hysterophorus: a probable source of anticancer, antioxidant and anti-HIV agents.
abstract: The present work reports the anticancer, antioxidant, lipo-protective, and anti-HIV activities of phytoconstituents present in P. hysterophorus leaf. Dried leaf samples were sequentially extracted with nonpolar and polar solvents. Ethanol fraction showed noticeable cytotoxic activity (81-85%) in SRB assay against MCF-7 and THP-1 cancer cell lines at 100  μg/ml concentration, while lower activity was observed with DU-145 cell line. The same extract exhibited 17-98% growth inhibition of HL-60 cancer cell lines in MTT assay, showing concentration dependent response. Ethanol extract caused 12% reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and 10% increment in sub G1 population of HL-60 cell lines. Several leaf fractions, namely, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous fractions exhibited considerable reducing capability at higher concentrations. Most of the extracts demonstrated appreciable (>75%) metal ion chelating and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities at 200 µg/ml. All the extracts except aqueous fraction accounted for about 70-80% inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate indicating protective response against membrane damage. About 40% inhibition of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was observed in hexane fraction in anti-HIV assay at 6.0 µg/ml concentration. The study showed that phytochemicals present in P. hysterophorus leaf have considerable potential as cytotoxic and antioxidant agents with low to moderate anti-HIV activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
authors.forename: Shashank
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Gousia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chashoo
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Ajit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
authors.forename: Abhay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D000097762:Parthenium hysterophorus
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; C519376:Parthenium hysterophorus extract; D010936:Plant Extracts