title: Cutaneous pythiosis in two dogs from Wisconsin, USA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pythium insidiosum is an oomycete that causes cutaneous lesions or infiltrative gastrointestinal disease in dogs, cats, humans, horses and other mammals, primarily in tropical and subtropical climates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report the clinicopathological findings associated with cutaneous pythiosis in two dogs from a Northern temperate climate zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-year-old intact male Chesapeake Bay retriever was presented with an ulcerated soft-tissue swelling over the left eye. A 4-year-old spayed female German shepherd dog was presented with a soft-tissue swelling overlying the right hock. Both dogs lived in northern latitudes (between 43 and 45°N) and neither had travelled outside of Wisconsin or Michigan's upper peninsula, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histopathological examination and culture of affected tissues on specialized media, serology for anti-P. insidiosum antibodies, P. insidiosum-specific PCR and ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological examination revealed pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic inflammation associated with wide, poorly septate hyphae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even clinicians who practice in temperate climates should consider pythiosis as a differential diagnosis for young to middle-aged adult dogs presented with ulcerated cutaneous nodules or infiltrative gastrointestinal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oldenhoff
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grooters
authors.forename: Marie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knorr
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trepanier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000662:veterinary; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058968:Pythiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011775:Pythium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D000077291:Terbinafine; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D017964:Itraconazole; D000077291:Terbinafine; D011241:Prednisone