title: The impact of strabismus on quality of life in adults with and without diplopia: a systematic review.
abstract: Strabismus affects approximately 4% of the adult population and can cause substantial physical disturbance and changes to appearance. This article aims to examine the impact of strabismus in adults both with and without diplopia, focusing primarily on quality of life (QoL). We highlight the value of measuring QoL, assess the ways in which it can be measured, and the impact the disease, diplopia, and surgery have on the patient. QoL differs for strabismus patients based on their diplopia status. Patients with diplopia tend to have more concerns relating to functional QoL, whereas patients without diplopia have primarily psychosocial concerns. Two diplopia-specific questionnaires have been designed to assess QoL and the perceived severity of symptoms. Further research is needed to identify the variables which influence QoL so that appropriate support can be given to all patients with strabismus to improve their QoL.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK; Community Health Newham, East London Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Hayley B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: McBain
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Charis K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Au
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hancox
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ezra
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian G W
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK. Electronic address: stanton.newman.1@city.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stanton P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004172:Diplopia / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013285:Strabismus / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: anxiety; depression; diplopia; measurement; quality of life; strabismus