title: Gene targeting technologies in rats: zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.
abstract: The laboratory rat has been widely used as an animal model in biomedical science for more than 150 years. Applying zinc-finger nucleases or transcription activator-like effector nucleases to rat embryos via microinjection is an efficient genome editing tool for generating targeted knockout rats. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonucleases have been used as an effective tool for precise and multiplex genome editing in mice and rats. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of these site-specific nuclease technologies for genetic analysis and manipulation in rats are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashimo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases
keywords: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; genome-editing; rats; transcription activator-like effector nucleases; zinc-finger nucleases