title: Organizational philosophy as a new perspective on understanding the learning of professionalism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the concept of "organizational philosophy" through identification of elements within undergraduate pharmacy curricula in the United Kingdom that contribute to students' learning of professionalism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative study using curriculum mapping was conducted to identify "intended," "taught," and "received" curriculum in 3 schools of pharmacy. The study involved review of course materials, interviews with teaching staff members, focus groups with final year students, and observation of classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Organizational philosophy" (totality of all contributors) played a vital part in students' professionalism learning. Key contributions were not restricted to the "taught" curriculum but extended to the wider academic environment. Setting of high standards appeared important; role models had particular significance. Importance of professionalism learning being grounded and longitudinal throughout the curriculum was highlighted. An "integrated" organizational philosophy appeared to be achieved where maximum overlap occurred between "intended," "taught," and "received" curricula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Professionalism learning goes beyond the "taught" curriculum in pharmacy schools. The concept of "organizational philosophy" acknowledges the importance of integration between "intended," "taught," and "received" curriculum in the context of overall organization.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ellen I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Schafheutle
authors.affiliation: Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hassell
authors.affiliation: Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Darren M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
authors.affiliation: Health Policy, Politics & Organisation (HiPPO) Research Group, School of Community-Based Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011361:Professional Competence; D011364:Professional Practice; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: curriculum mapping; hidden curriculum; organizational philosophy; professionalism; professionalism learning