title: Respiratory and general health complaints in subjects exposed to sandstorm at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sandstorms are metrological events and frequently occur in many regions throughout the world. Sandstorms are a main source of long-distance transport of dust, air pollution and cause various health problems. This study aimed to investigate the acute respiratory and general health complaints in subjects exposed to sandstorm at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the period March 2011- June 2012. We selected 517 (308 males, 59.58%) and (209 females, 40.42%), apparently healthy volunteers with mean age 28.6± 3.14 years, who had single outside exposure to sandstorm for the period of 24±2.68 minutes. The acute respiratory and general health complaints were recorded through a comprehensive questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large proportion of the subjects who were exposed to sandstorm had complaints of cough 247 (47.77%), runny nose 264(51.06%), wheeze 173(33.46%), acute asthmatic attack 108 (20.88%), eye irritation / redness 252(48.74%), headache 179 (34.62%), body ache 199 (38.5%), sleep disturbance 157(30.36%) and psychological disturbances 194 (37.52%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to sandstorm causes cough, runny nose, wheeze, acute asthmatic attack, eye irritation / redness, headache, body ache, sleep and psychological disturbances. These results indicate that sandstorm is a prolific source of respiratory and general ailments. It is therefore, suggested that an unnecessary exposure to sandstorm must be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Sultan Ayoub Meo, MBBS, PhD, FRCP, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sultan Ayoub
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Meo
authors.affiliation: Mohammad Fahad A Al-Kheraiji, MBBS St, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Fahad A
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Al-Kheraiji
authors.affiliation: Ziyad Fahad AlFaraj, MBBS St, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ziyad Fahad
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Alfaraj
authors.affiliation: Nasser abdulaziz Alwehaibi, MBBS St, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nasser Abdulaziz
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Alwehaibi
authors.affiliation: Ahmad Adnan Aldereihim, MBBS St, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmad Adnan
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aldereihim
keywords: Air pollution; Health problems; Psychological disturbance; Respiratory complaints; Sandstorm