title: Ankylosis of the hips and knees due to sickle cell disease.
abstract: This is a case report of a 29-year-old Saudi male with sickle cell disease (SCD) with severe stiffness of his joints, mainly both knees and hips, secondary to complications of SCD. He was severely crippled: unable to sit, stand or walk, and was bedridden for 8 years when he was presented to us. Radiographs showed fusion of both knees and hips. There was no evidence of active osteomyelitis by Gallium scan. The patient's hemoglobin S decreased to levels below 30% by exchange transfusion. Bilateral total hip replacement, as well as unilateral total knee replacement, was carried out to improve his level of function. There is only one reported case of such severe and multiple joint complications in a single patient suffering from SCD. The increased life expectancy that medical advances have offered to the sickle-cell patients has led to the appearance of sickle-cell-related complications, which were previously only seen rarely. These complications were successfully managed and the patient was able to move and transfer using a wheel chair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 11612, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saad Saleh Abdullah
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Al Elayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 11612, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Hamdan