title: Intake of total omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The evidence about the benefits of omega-3 fatty acid intake on coronary heart disease (CHD) is not consistent. We thus aimed to assess the relation between dietary intake of total omega-3 fatty acids (from plant and marine foods) and marine polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the risk of CHD in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 41,091 men and women aged 20-69 years, recruited from 1992 to 1996 and followed-up until December 2004. Omega-3 fatty acid intake was estimated from a validated dietary questionnaire. Only participants with definite incident CHD event were considered as cases. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between the intake of total omega-3 fatty acids, EPA or DHA and CHD. A total of 609 participants (79% men) had a definite CHD event. Mean intakes of total omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA were very similar in the cases and in the cohort, both in men and women. In the multivariate adjusted model, omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA were not related to incident CHD in either men or women. The hazard ratios (HR) for omega-3 were 1.23 in men (95% CI 0.94-15.9, p = 0.20); and 0.77 in women (95% CI 0.46-1.30, p = 0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the Spanish EPIC cohort, with a relatively high intake of fish, no association was found between EPA, DHA and total omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of CHD.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Government of the Basque Country, and BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: epicss-san@ej-gv.es.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Unit OSIs of Gipuzkoa, Basque Health Service-Osakidetza, San Sebastian, Spain; Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machón
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Government of the Basque Country, and BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain; Department of Sociosanitary Science, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molina-Montes
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Cantalejo
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Government of the Basque Country, and BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urtizberea
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Government of the Basque Country, and BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arriola
authors.affiliation: Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Government of the Basque Country, and BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.affiliation: Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreno-Iribas
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: Cohort studies; Coronary heart disease; DHA; EPA; Omega-3 fatty acids