title: The role of gene-gene interaction in the prediction of criminal behavior.
abstract: A host of research has examined the possibility that environmental risk factors might condition the influence of genes on various outcomes. Less research, however, has been aimed at exploring the possibility that genetic factors might interact to impact the emergence of human traits. Even fewer studies exist examining the interaction of genes in the prediction of behavioral outcomes. The current study expands this body of research by testing the interaction between genes involved in neural transmission. Our findings suggest that certain dopamine genes interact to increase the odds of criminogenic outcomes in a national sample of Americans.
authors.affiliation: Sam Houston State University, College of Criminal Justice, P.O. Box 2296, Huntsville, TX 77341-2296, USA. Electronic address: brian.boutwell@shsu.edu.
authors.forename: Brian B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Boutwell
authors.affiliation: Sam Houston State University, College of Criminal Justice, P.O. Box 2296, Huntsville, TX 77341-2296, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Economic, Political & Policy Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Florida State University, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 634 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1127 & Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Beaver
authors.affiliation: Sam Houston State University, College of Criminal Justice, P.O. Box 2296, Huntsville, TX 77341-2296, USA.
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Sam Houston State University, College of Criminal Justice, P.O. Box 2296, Huntsville, TX 77341-2296, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boisvert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology*; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C581293:DRD2 protein, human; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4