title: Pharmacological investigation and spectral characterization of bioactive compounds from crude extracts of sting ray, Dasyatis jenkinsii (Annandale, 1909).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dasyatis jenkinsii is used traditionally to treat inflammatory complaints and arthritis by the fisherman community and local population. The present study was designed to scientifically investigate the traditional practice through the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and organ toxicity studies and characterization of bioactive compounds of crude extracts of D. jenkinsii.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solvent extract of homogenized fresh fish was prepared using petroleum ether and diethyl ether. The chemical and spectral analyses of extracts were carried out using FT-IR and GC-MS. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed by hot plate, tail clip, and carrageenan induced rat paw edema methods. The organ toxicity of each extract was assessed on brain, liver, and kidney of mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IR spectrum indicated the presence of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 1-(4-carboxy)phenylnona-2, 5-diene and 3-hydroxymono-glyceryl hydrogen phthalate in the petroleum ether extract and carboxyl serine, dihydrotryptophan, and indolyl carboxylic acid in the diethyl ether extract. Both extracts showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in all the methods tested. The vital organs of the test animals were not affected by the crude extracts significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of biologically active compounds in the crude extracts with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties justifies the traditional knowledge and paves the way for isolation of these compounds for further experimentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Post-Graduate studies, Puducherry-605 008, India. Electronic address: vairavit@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravitchandirane
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605 014, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yogamoorthi
authors.affiliation: Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipetttai-608 502, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thangaraj
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D012860:Skates, Fish; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Dasyatis jenkinsii; Elasmobranch; Hot plate; Sharp nose stingray