title: In vitro effects of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor, on mouse oocyte maturation and morphology.
abstract: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) in oocytes has been reported to arrest oocyte maturation and to increase intra-oocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. Although many PDE3A inhibitors have been found to arrest oocyte maturation in different species, including humans, the most commonly prescribed PDE3A inhibitor named cilostazol (CLZ) has not yet been fully evaluated in reproduction. The present study was designed to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of CLZ on oocyte maturation and morphology in vitro. Antral oocytes were recovered from hyperstimulated mice and allocated to 10 different CLZ concentrations (0.00-67.66 μmol/L). Oocytes were then assessed after 24 and 48 h of incubation for maturation and morphology. Some of the evaluated CLZ concentrations (1.06-4.23 μmol/L) were made similar to those observed in human clinical trials. CLZ arrested oocyte maturation at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage at concentrations as low as 1.06 μmol/L (P < 0.0001). A selective degenerative impact of CLZ targeting arrested oocytes at the GV stage was observed during 24 h of incubation (r = -0.781, P < 0.0001). This was not the case with non-arrested oocytes (r = -0.082, P = 0.64). Such degenerative impact was dose-dependent (P < 0.0001), suggesting a role for cyclic adenosine monophosphate in this degenerative process. The degenerated oocytes were of distorted oolema or fragmented cytoplasm. Based on the experiments, it is concluded that CLZ can inhibit oocyte maturation in vitro, at concentrations similar to those observed in humans taking CLZ, and under such conditions the prolonged maintenance of oocytes at the GV stage is harmful.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Barz IVF Center for Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment, Erbil, Iraq.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taiyeb
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Dees
authors.forename: Mundhir T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ridha-Albarzanchi
authors.forename: Christie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sayes
authors.forename: Duane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077407:Cilostazol; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008540:Meiosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D058987:Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D058987:Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors; D013777:Tetrazoles; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; C517289:Pde3a protein, mouse; D000077407:Cilostazol
keywords: cilostazol; cyclic adenosine monophosphate; oocyte; phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor; reproduction