title: New insights on the role of vitamin D in the progression of renal damage.
abstract: Several studies indicate a relationship between hypovitaminosis D, survival, vascular calcification and inflammation. In addition to its central role in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism, vitamin D also contributes to other systems, including the immune, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Vitamin D analogs reduces proteinuria, in particular through suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In particular vitamin D deficiency contribute to an inappropriately activated RAAS, as a mechanism for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or cardiovascular disease. Human and sperimental models of CKD showed that vitamin D may interact with B and T lymphocytes and influence the phenotype and function of the antigen presenting cells and dendritic cells, promoting properties that favor the induction of tolerogenic T regulators rather than T effectory. Interstitial fibrosis may be prevented through vitamin D supplementation. Renal myofibroblast, an activated fibroblast with expression of a molecular hallmark α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), is generally considered the principal matrix-producing effector cells that are responsible for the excess production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the fibrotic tissues. It turns out that calcitriol effectively blocks myofibroblast activation from interstitial fibroblasts, as evidenced by suppression of TGF-β1-mediated α-SMA expression.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucisano
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buemi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Passantino
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aloisi
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cernaro
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D