title: Comparison among clomipramine, fluoxetine, and placebo for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of clomipramine and fluoxetine, controlled by placebo, and compare their action in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty subjects (ages 7-17 years), who were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and/or separation anxiety disorder and/or social phobia, were submitted to a 12 week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of clomipramine and fluoxetine. The instruments included: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Clinical Global Impressions, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups (clomipramine [n=9], fluoxetine [n=10], placebo [n=11]) showed a significant improvement after 12 weeks of treatment. There were significant differences between the fluoxetine and placebo groups in some ratings of anxiety severity and impairment. No significant differences were observed between clomipramine and placebo groups or between fluoxetine and clomipramine groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with placebo showed an unusual high response rate. Clomipramine showed similar efficacy compared with fluoxetine, although it was not superior to placebo.
authors.affiliation: 1 Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescent Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry - University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .
authors.forename: Carolina Zadrozny Gouvêa
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Rosa Magaly Campelo Borba
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Morais
authors.forename: Dirce Maria Trevisan
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zanetta
authors.forename: Gizela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turkiewicz
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotufo Neto
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Camila Luisi
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Eunice Monteiro
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Labbadia
authors.forename: Fernando Ramos
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Asbahr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002997:Clomipramine; D005473:Fluoxetine; D010919:Placebos; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors