title: Antigenotoxic and apoptotic activity of green tea polyphenol extracts on hexavalent chromium-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood of CD-1 mice: analysis with differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the modulating effects of green tea polyphenols on genotoxic damage and apoptotic activity induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] in CD-1 mice. Animals were divided into the following groups: (i) injected with vehicle; (ii) treated with green tea polyphenols (30 mg/kg) via gavage; (iii) injected with CrO3 (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally; (iv) treated with green tea polyphenols in addition to CrO3. Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCEs) obtained from peripheral blood at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed by differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Treatment of green tea polyphenols led to no significant changes in the MN-PCEs. However, CrO3 treatment significantly increased MN-PCEs at 24 and 48 h after injection. Green tea polyphenols treatment prior to CrO3 injection led to a decrease in MN-PCEs compared to the group treated with CrO3 only. The average of apoptotic cells was increased at 48 h after treatment compared to control mice, suggesting that apoptosis could contribute to eliminate the DNA damaged cells induced by Cr (VI). Our findings support the proposed protective effects of green tea polyphenols against the genotoxic damage induced by Cr (VI).
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, 09230, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: García-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, 09230, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Megumi Monserrat
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Carvente-Juárez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, 09230, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario Agustín
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Altamirano-Lozano
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004996:Ethidium / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D013662:Tea; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D004996:Ethidium; D000165:Acridine Orange