title: Long-distance call from phosphate: systemic regulation of phosphate starvation responses.
abstract: Phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for plants but is normally fixed in soil, which limits plant growth and reproduction. In response to low availability of Pi, shoots and roots react differently but cooperatively to improve Pi acquisition from the rhizosphere and adjust Pi distribution and metabolism within plants. Shoot and root responses are coordinated by the trafficking of various kinds of systemic signals through the vasculature. Mutual communication between different tissues is necessary to integrate the environmental stimuli with the internal cues at the whole-plant level. Different approaches have been used to monitor or manipulate components in the vascular stream to reveal several candidates of systemic signals from roots or shoots, including photosynthates, phytohormones, microRNAs, and Pi. In addition, the downstream signalling pathways mediated by these signals have been discovered. The crosstalk among different signalling pathways has been revealed, showing the complexity of the Pi signalling network. In this review, we summarize the approaches used for studying systemic signalling and discuss recent progress and challenges in investigating the systemic signalling pathway that integrates Pi starvation responses to maintain Pi at physiological concentrations. Knowledge gained from this study may help improve the phosphorus use efficiency of crops.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Teng-Kuei
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shang Jye
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Tzyy-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chiou
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D010710:Phosphates; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: MicroRNA; non-cell-autonomous; phosphate; phosphate starvation response; phosphate transporter; phosphorus; phytohormone; sugar; systemic signal; vascular tissue.