title: Active steps for diabetes: a community-campus partnership addressing frailty and diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Active Steps for Diabetes (ASD), a self-management education (DSME) program for aging adults with diabetes and frailty, on blood glucose control (A1C) and level of frailty of participants.
  
  
  
  Fifty females (62.2 ± 10.1 years old) with type 2 diabetes and frailty completed the program; 16 used a walking aid. Outcome measures included A1C and the modified Physical Performance Test (mPPT). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare outcomes before and after the program and between participants who did and did not use a walking aid.
  
  
  
  ASD was effective in reducing A1C and frailty in participants who did and did not use a walking aid. The reduction in A1C was similar for the 2 groups. The reduction in frailty was greater for the group that used a walking aid.
  
  
  
  Physical activity, a keystone for blood glucose control, is difficult for older adults who are frail. ASD provides a model for DSME that may reduce frailty of participants and increase their capacity for physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Pariser, Dr Gillette)
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pariser
authors.affiliation: Family Nursing Program, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Hager)
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Pariser, Dr Gillette)
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gillette
authors.affiliation: Medical Laboratory Science Program, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Golemboski)
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Golemboski
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness, Louisville, Kentucky (Ms Jackson)
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007629:Kentucky / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D004856:Postural Balance; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012648:Self Care; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human