title: Use of lidocaine-bupivacaine-infused absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponges versus lidocaine-bupivacaine retrobulbar injections for postoperative analgesia following eye enucleation in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare use of lidocaine-bupivacaine-infused absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponges versus lidocaine-bupivacaine retrobulbar injections for postoperative analgesia in dogs following eye enucleation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 dogs that underwent eye enucleation.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 client-owned dogs admitted to a referral hospital for routine eye enucleation were enrolled with owner consent and randomly assigned to receive an orbital absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge infused with lidocaine and bupivacaine after globe removal (n = 8) or retrobulbar injection of lidocaine and bupivacaine before globe removal (11). Baseline pain scores were recorded on the basis of an ordinal pain scale. Anesthetic premedication consisted of hydromorphone, midazolam, and glycopyrrolate. Propofol was used for anesthetic induction and isoflurane for maintenance. A transpalpebral eye enucleation was performed by a board-certified ophthalmologist. Pain scores and heart rate were again recorded 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after extubation by trained observers masked to treatment groups. Dogs were given hydromorphone as rescue analgesia if the total pain score was ≥ 9 of 18 or any categorical pain score was ≥ 3 (on a scale from 0 to 3 or 0 to 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences over time for comfort level, response to touch, behavior, heart rate, and total pain score; however, there was no difference between treatment groups. One dog in the absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge group required rescue hydromorphone 4 hours after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge proved to be as effective in providing local analgesia for eye enucleation in dogs as the retrobulbar injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, VCA Animal Hospital, Aurora, IL 60506.
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ploog
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Swinger
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spade
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Quandt
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine