title: Pediatric insomnia: clinical, diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: Pediatric insomnia is an extrinsic sleep disorder subdivided into two categories: behavioral insomnia and insomnia related to medical, neurological, and psychiatric diseases. This review will cover several types of insomnia, comorbidities and specific pediatric therapies according to clinical characteristics and age. Behavioral insomnia should be differentiated from pediatric insomnia due to medical conditions, mostly occurring during the first year of life. Multiple night awakenings and diurnal hypersomnolence are strong indicators of insomnia due to medical conditions. Insomnia during adolescence and pediatric insomnia associated with psychiatric comorbidity, cognitive disabilities and epilepsy, will be discussed in terms of diagnosis, clinical features and implications for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Civic Hospital (EOC) of Lugano, Lugano, Suiza.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miano
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peraita-Adrados
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D021081:Chronobiology Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020920:Dyssomnias / Q000628:therapy; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008550:Melatonin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D008550:Melatonin