title: Montelukast: a novel therapeutic option in eosinophilic peritonitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eosinophilic peritonitis is a recognised complication of peritoneal dialysis and has an incompletely understood pathophysiology. Current treatment options, including change of dialysate, change of peritoneal dialysis modality, steroids or antihistamines, are supported only by case reports with a lack of controlled trials or evidence-based guidelines. Leukotrienes are proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites produced by leucocytes and are involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. Montelukast is an orally administered leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in managing childhood atopic illnesses and theoretically safe for use in patients with renal failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the first reported case of recurrent, symptomatic, eosinophilic peritonitis in a 15-year-old girl successfully treated with leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast after changes in dialysate and treatment with antihistamines failed to adequately control eosinophilic peritoneal infiltrates or symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current scientific understanding of leukotrienes and eosinophil migration suggest that montelukast may be a well-tolerated, safe and efficacious treatment for eosinophilic peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis. Further cases and comparative studies are required to develop an evidence base for treatment of this condition.
authors.affiliation: Children's Renal and Urology Unit, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lunn
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013440:Sulfides
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; C093875:montelukast