title: Age-related macular degeneration screening using a nonmydriatic digital color fundus camera and telemedicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the use of a nonmydriatic digital color fundus camera and telemedicine as screening tools for age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonmydriatic color fundus photography was performed on patients consulting health examination centers and transmitted by telemedicine to an ophthalmology department. Rates for different grades of AMD were calculated and also statistically related to the presence or absence of risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 1,022 patients screened, a total of 1,363 color fundus photographs were interpreted, with 80% gradable images, allowing a diagnosis of AMD in 178 photographs. Among all the gradable images, 83.7% had no AMD (grade 0). The rates of AMD at grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 8%, 5.6%, 2.3% and 0.4%, respectively. A statistical odds ratio was found between the presence of AMD on fundus photographs and age, familial history of AMD or prior cataract surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonmydriatic color fundus photography and telemedicine succeeded in screening for AMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Bats
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vannier Nitenberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fantino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kodjikian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods*