title: The accuracy of bedside ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for the fifth metatarsal fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is a technique that is becoming more popular in diagnosing injuries of emergency department (ED) patients especially for the diagnosis of fractures. In this study, we determined the reliability of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of fractures of the fifth metatarsal.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective blind study. Patients over 14 years old who were admitted to the ED with acute foot injury and who had tenderness on the fifth metatarsal were consecutively enrolled into the study. A bedside ultrasonography exam was performed by an emergency physician, and antero-posterior and oblique views were obtained. X-rays were blindly evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon and were considered to be the gold-standard for diagnosing fractures. In patients with noncomminuted fractures, bone displacement was measured by both radiologically and sonographically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four patients were included in this study. Their mean age was 36.0, and 42.9% were male. Fractures were diagnosed by both x-ray and ultrasonography in 33 patients. In one patient, the x-ray was positive for fracture, while ultrasonography yielded a negative result. For the fractures of fifth metatarsal, the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasonography was 97.1%, the specificity was 100%, the positive likelihood ratio was infinity, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.03. Mean displacement was 1.2 ± 0.7 mm with x-ray and 1.8 ± 1.5 mm with ultrasonography. The intraclass correlation coefficient of displacement measured by x-ray and ultrasonography was κ: 0.388.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography is a reliable diagnostic tool for acute fifth metatarsal fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Research and Educational Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: muratyesilaras@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yesilaras
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Research and Educational Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aksay
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Research and Educational Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozge Duman
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Research and Educational Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sever
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Izmir Tepecik Research and Educational Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onder
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kalenderer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult