title: Quality of life after surgical treatment of primary intramedullary spinal cord tumors in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Presently, the best available treatment for intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) in children is microsurgery with the objective of maximal tumor removal and minimal neurological morbidity. The latter has become manageable with the development and standard use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Traditionally, the perioperative neurological evaluation is based on surgical or spinal cord injury scores focusing on sensorimotor function. Little is known about the quality of life after such operations; therefore, this study was designed to investigate the impact of surgery for IMSCTs on the quality of life in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve consecutive pediatric patients treated for IMSCT were included in this retrospective fixed cohort study. A multidimensional questionnaire-based quality of life instrument, the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire version 4 (PedsQL 4.0), was chosen to analyze follow-up data. This validated instrument particularly allows for a comparison between a patient cohort and a healthy pediatric sample population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 11 mailed questionnaires (1 patient had died of progressive disease), 10 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 91%. There were 8 low-grade lesions (5 pilocytic astrocytomas, 1 ganglioglioma, 1 hemangioblastoma, and 1 cavernoma) and 4 high-grade lesions (2 anaplastic gangliogliomas, 1 glioblastoma, and 1 glioneuronal tumor). The mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 years, the mean follow-up was 4.2 years, and 83% of the patients were male. Total resection was achieved in 5 patients and subtotal resection in 7. Four patients had undergone 2 or more resections. The 4 patients with high-grade tumors and 2 with incompletely resected low-grade tumors underwent adjuvant treatment (2 chemotherapy and 4 both radiotherapy and chemotherapy). The mean modified McCormick Scale score at the time of diagnosis was 1.7; at the time of follow-up, 1.5. The mean PedsQL 4.0 total score in the low-grade group was 78.5; in the high-grade group, 82.6. There was no significant difference in PedsQL 4.0 scores between the patient cohort and the normal population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a small cohort of children who had undergone surgery for IMSCTs with a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, quality of life scores according to the PedsQL 4.0 instrument were not different from those in a normal sample population.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Eveline Teresa
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Mechelke
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kothbauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017523:Croatia; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018303:Ganglioglioma / Q000601:surgery; D005858:Germany; D018325:Hemangioblastoma / Q000601:surgery; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D014177:Translations