title: Metabolic alterations in different stages of hypertension in an apparently healthy nigerian population.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS) amplifies hypertension (HTN) associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). MS components and other CVD risk measures were investigated in different stages of hypertension. 534 apparently healthy Nigerian traders aged 18-105 years were participants of a cohort study. The International Diabetes Federation (2005) and the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee criteria were used for MS and HTN classifications, respectively. Anthropometric indices were obtained by standard methods. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined by enzymatic methods, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated. Data analysed statistically were significant at P < 0.05. 143 (26.8%), 197 (36.9%), and 194 (36.3%) of the traders had normotension, pre-HTN and HTN (stages 1 and 2), respectively. All indices tested except HDLC were significantly different among BP groups (P < 0.05). Waist to hip (WHR) and waist to height (WHT) ratios were significantly different between HTN groups (P < 0.05). HTN was associated with MS and female gender (P < 0.05). Metabolic alterations and significant HTN were observed. Treatment of the individual components of the syndrome and improvement of modifiable metabolic factors may be necessary to reduce MS and high BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Charles-Davies
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fasanmade
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Olaniyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Oyewole
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Owolabi
authors.affiliation: Medical Social Services Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Adebusuyi
authors.affiliation: Medical Social Services Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Dietetics Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ajobo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye 120005, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ebesunun
authors.affiliation: General Out Patient Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adigun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Akinlade
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Popoola
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rahamon
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Okunbolade
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ogunlakin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Arinola
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Agbedana