title: Patulin & ergosterol: new quality parameters together with aflatoxins in hazelnuts.
abstract: Hazelnuts of three different categories, mouldy, hidden mould and sound (undamaged), were investigated for their contents of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2), patulin, and ergosterol. Samples were obtained from five hazelnut processing plants located in a major hazelnut producing area in the Black Sea region in Turkey. All aflatoxins, patulin and ergosterol were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sound hazelnuts were contaminated with trace or zero amounts of aflatoxins, patulin and ergosterol, so they posed no risk for the consumer when national and/or international regulatory limits were considered. Mouldy and hidden mould hazelnuts were contaminated with high (246-510ppb; 141-422ppb) aflatoxin levels, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 content was significantly correlated with the patulin and ergosterol contents in mouldy and hidden mould hazelnuts. However, there was no significant correlation between patulin and ergosterol contents of mouldy and hidden mould hazelnuts.
authors.affiliation: University of Pamukkale, College of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 20020 Kinikli-Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Raci
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ekinci
authors.affiliation: University of Pamukkale, College of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 20020 Kinikli-Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otağ
authors.affiliation: University of Pamukkale, College of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 20020 Kinikli-Denizli, Turkey. Electronic address: ckadakal@pau.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Çetin
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Kadakal
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D031211:Corylus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D010365:Patulin / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010365:Patulin; D004875:Ergosterol
keywords: Aflatoxin; Ergosterol; HPLC; Hazelnut; Patulin; Tombul variety