title: Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 promotes osteogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: As a super-antigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) stimulates the release of massive inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) which are documented to implicate osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, SEC2 was found to significantly improve the osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating BMP2 and Runx2/Cbfa1 expression. Interferon (IFN)-inducible gene IFI16, a co-activator of Runx2/Cbfa1, was also activated by SEC2 in the osteoblast differentiation. In addition, exogenous introduction of SEC2 stimulated OPG expression and suppressed RANKL, suggesting suppression of osteoclastogenesis in hMSCs. Therefore, our results displayed that SEC2 plays an important role in the commitment of MSC to the osteoblast and it might be a potential new therapeutic candidate for bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Guang zhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei-ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.lastname: Wei-Mao Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Xielian Gene Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, PR China.
authors.forename: Ju-yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guang zhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China. Electronic address: zhangjf06@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Jin-fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China. Electronic address: hkung@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Hsiang-fu
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kung
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D004768:Enterotoxins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; C076700:IFI16 protein, human; C034959:enterotoxin C, staphylococcal
keywords: Human mesenchymal stem cell; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2; Superantigen