title: Clinical utility of PPPM and FPS-R to quantify post-tonsillectomy pain in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As pain is a subjective and difficult parameter to assess in children, we aimed to evaluate the correspondence of two pain scales - parents' post-operative pain measure (PPPM) and faces pain scale-revised (FPS-R) with analgesic intake in the assessment of post-tonsillectomy pain in a pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 4-10 years (n=174) undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy had their pain monitored by PPPM and FPS-R over 7 days following surgery. The amount of analgesic (acetaminophen or dipyrone) intake was also recorded each day. Linear regression and correlation analysis were performed for pain scales and Poisson regression model for analgesic administration. To evaluate influence of gender linear regression and logistic regression with random effects were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PPPM and FPS-R presented a significant positive correlation (τ=0.5; R(2)=0.36; p<0.001). PPPM and FPS-R also showed a significant correlation with analgesic use over the 7 post-operative days (p<0.0001). No influence of gender was observed in pain levels by both scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that PPPM and FPS-R are equivalent pain scales to quantify post-tonsillectomy pain in children and are useful tools in post-tonsillectomy clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina Brotto
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.affiliation: State Hospital of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Rodrigues
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Carenzi
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Leite Cunha
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: de Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilma T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Anselmo-Lima
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Cardoso Pereira
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil. Electronic address: edwin@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tamashiro
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011594:Psychometrics; D014068:Tonsillectomy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Acetaminophen; Analgesia; Dipyrone; Pain measurement; Post-operative pain; Tonsillectomy