title: Use of contrast-enhanced sonography to investigate intraneural vascularity in a cohort of Macaca fascicularis with suspected median mononeuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to provide clinical evidence of the use of contrast-enhanced sonography in detecting and quantifying changes in intraneural vascularity due to median mononeuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five Macaca fascicularis monkeys were exposed to 20 weeks of repetitive work to increase their risk of developing median mononeuropathy. Contrast-enhanced sonograms were obtained in 30-second increments for 7 minutes while a contrast agent was being delivered. Data were collected immediately at the conclusion of the 20-week work exposure and then again during a recovery phase approximately 3 months after the completion of work. Quantitative analysis and trend graphs were used to analyze median nerve perfusion intensity. This study also compared the use of both manual counting of pixels and semiautomatic measurement using specialized software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the average data, maximum intensity values were identified as the best indicators of nerve hyperemia. Paired t tests demonstrated significantly higher maximum intensities in the working stage for 4 of the 5 subjects (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides preliminary evidence that (1) in a controlled exposure model, a change in intraneural vascularity of the median nerve between working and recovery can be observed; (2) this vascular change can be measured using an objective technique that quantifies the intensity of vascularity; and (3) contrast-enhanced sonography may improve the ability to reliably capture and measure low-flow microvascularity.
authors.affiliation: RT, RVS, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. evans.36@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Volz
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pargeon
authors.forename: Larry T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Fout
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buford
authors.forename: Shawn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Roll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: carpal tunnel syndrome; contrast-enhanced sonography; median mononeuropathy; musculoskeletal ultrasound