title: Transcriptional regulation of host NH₄⁺ transporters and GS/GOGAT pathway in arbuscular mycorrhizal rice roots.
abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in the nutrition of many land plants. AM roots have two pathways for nutrient uptake, directly through the root epidermis and root hairs and via AM fungal hyphae into root cortical cells, where arbuscules or hyphal coils provide symbiotic interfaces. Recent studies demonstrated that the AM symbiosis modifies the expression of plant transporter genes and that NH₄⁺ is the main form of N transported in the symbiosis. The aim of the present work was to get insights into the mycorrhizal N uptake pathway in Oryza sativa by analysing the expression of genes encoding ammonium transporters (AMTs), glutamine synthase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in roots colonized by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and grown under two N regimes. We found that the AM symbiosis down-regulated OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;3 expression at low-N, but not at high-N conditions, and induced, independently of the N status of the plant, a strong up-regulation of OsAMT3;1 expression. The AM-inducible NH₄⁺ transporter OsAMT3;1 belongs to the family 2 of plant AMTs and is phylogenetically related to the AM-inducible AMTs of other plant species. Moreover, for the first time we provide evidence of the specific induction of a GOGAT gene upon colonization with an AM fungus. These data suggest that OsAMT3;1 is likely involved in the mycorrhizal N uptake pathway in rice roots and that OsGOGAT2 plays a role in the assimilation of the NH₄⁺ supplied via the OsAMT3;1 AM-inducible transporter.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Tienda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Azcón-Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C. Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: nuria.ferrol@eez.csic.es.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrol
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D055137:Glomeromycota; D005970:Glutamate Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C088952:ammonium transporters, plant; D005970:Glutamate Synthase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: AM; AMT; Ammonium transporter (AMT); Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi; GOGAT; GS; Glutamine synthetase; Glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway; MGR; NM; Nitrogen (N); Non-mycorrhizal; Rice (Oryza sativa); ammonium transporter; arbuscular mycorrhizal; glutamate synthase; mycorrhizal growth response; qRT-PCR; quantitative real-time RT-PCR