title: Schizophrenia and the paranormal: more psi belief and superstition, and less déjà vu in medicated schizophrenic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the relation between déjà vu experiences and paranormal beliefs in schizophrenic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 522 participants (54.5% female; mean age=33.3, SD=16.02) were recruited, including 422 healthy adults (60.9% female; mean age=29.48, SD=15.07) and 100 medicated adult schizophrenic patients (27.3% female; mean age=48.98, SD=8.57). The Chinese version of the Inventory of Déjà-vu Experiences Assessment was created via back translation. Chinese versions of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (CRPB), Beck Anxiety Inventory (CBAI), and Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) were also used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After controlling for age, gender, education, and anxiety, the results supported the following three hypotheses. Schizophrenic persons have fewer déjà vu experiences than normal persons. These experiences are positively related to paranormal beliefs in healthy adults but not in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenic patients have higher scores than healthy adults on the psi and superstitious subscales of the CRPB.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Counseling, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan. Electronic address: shiah@nknu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yung-Jong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shiah
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Laboratory of Integrated Brain Research Unit, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yueh-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Counseling Psychology Department, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Kuang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003469:Culture; D003690:Deja Vu; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013483:Superstitions; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents