title: The effects of short-term fish oil supplementation on pulmonary function and airway inflammation following a high-fat meal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many environmental and dietary influences can cause immune cells to produce biological mediators that increase airway inflammation. A high-fat meal (HFM) is one stimulus that increases airway inflammation in healthy individuals. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation systemically and may be beneficial to the airways.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if omega-3 fatty acid supplementation via fish oil would mitigate the airway inflammatory response induced by a single HFM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen non-asthmatic men (22 ± 2 years.) were supplemented with 3,000 mg × day(-1) fish oil or a placebo for 3 weeks. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO; a marker of airway inflammation), impulse oscillometry (a measure of respiratory impedance), pulmonary function, and triglycerides were measured prior to and 2 h following a HFM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a HFM, triglycerides increased in both fish oil and placebo groups compared to pre-HFM (~59 and ~49 %, respectively, p < 0.05). The percent increase in FENO was greater in the placebo group compared to the fish oil group (25.7 ± 16.7 vs. -1.99 ± 10.5 %, respectively, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between blood triglycerides and FENO in the placebo group (r = 0.61; p < 0.05), but not the fish oil group (p = 0.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single HFM increases airway inflammation and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation via fish oil protects against HFM associated changes in airway health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 1A Natatorium, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA, cade@ksu.edu.
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ade
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Harms
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D014280:Triglycerides; D009569:Nitric Oxide