title: Effects of high-dose phytoestrogens on circulating cellular microparticles and coagulation function in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogen in hormone replacement therapy causes homeostatic changes. However, little is known regarding the safety of high-dose phytoestrogen on coagulation and hematological parameters in healthy postmenopausal women. This study evaluated the effects of high-dose soy isoflavone (300 mg/day) on blood pressure, hematological parameters, and coagulation functions including circulating microparticles in healthy postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original study is a 2-year prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In total, 431 postmenopausal women (from 3 medical centers) were randomly assigned to receive either high-dose isoflavone or placebo for 2 years. At baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment, blood pressure, body weight, liver function tests, hematological parameters, and lipid profiles were measured. The 1(st) year blood specimens of 85 cases of 144 eligible participants (from one of the three centers) were analyzed as D-dimer, von Willebrand factor antigen, factor VII, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, and circulating cellular microparticles, including the measurement of monocyte, platelet, and endothelial microparticles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the isoflavone group, after 1 year, the changes in liver function tests, hematological parameters, and coagulation tests were not different from those of the control. Triglyceride levels were significantly lower after 6 months of isoflavone treatment than the placebo group, but the difference did not persist after 1 year. Endothelial microparticles increased steadily in both groups during the 1-year period but the trend was not affected by treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicate that high-dose isoflavone treatment (300 mg/day) does not cause hematological abnormalities or activate coagulation factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wern-Cherng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyi-Chyi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Keh-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Te
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jin-Shan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ning-Sing
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Shaw
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ssu-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Jen Chi Relief Institution, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: tytai@tjci.org.tw.
authors.forename: Tong-Yuan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tai
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens
keywords: coagulation factors; isoflavones; microparticles; phytoestrogens; postmenopausal women