title: The 9-item Bergen Burnout Inventory: factorial validity across organizations and measurements of longitudinal data.
abstract: The present study tested the factorial validity of the 9-item Bergen Burnout Inventory (BBI-9). The BBI-9 is comprised of three core dimensions: (1) exhaustion at work; (2) cynicism toward the meaning of work; and (3) sense of inadequacy at work. The study further investigated whether the three-factor structure of the BBI-9 remains the same across different organizations (group invariance) and measurement time points (time invariance). The factorial group invariance was tested using a cross-sectional design with data pertaining to managers (n=742), and employees working in a bank (n=162), an engineering office (n=236), a public sector organization divided into three service areas: administration (n=102), education and culture (n=581), and social affairs and health (n=1,505). Factorial time invariance was tested using longitudinal data pertaining to managers, with three measurements over a four-year follow-up period. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor structure of the BBI-9 was invariant across cross-sectional samples. The factorial invariance was also supported across measurement times. To conclude, the factorial structure of the BBI-9 was found to remain the same regardless of the sample properties and measurement times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feldt
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rantanen
authors.forename: Katriina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hyvönen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mäkikangas
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pihlajasaari
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kinnunen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D004738:Engineering / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005376:Financial Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009934:Organization and Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017150:Public Sector / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires