title: Superiority of preemptive donor lymphocyte infusion based on minimal residual disease in acute leukemia patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) was used as salvage therapy in leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but existing results on DLI administration to acute leukemia patients were disappointing. Although increasing minimal residual disease (MRD) after HSCT had been proven to be highly indicative of posttransplant relapse, preemptive DLI (pDLI) based on MRD has not been well evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 70 acute leukemia patients after allo-HSCT in our center between January 2005 and December 2010. Sixteen patients received pDLIs based on increasing MRD results (pDLI group), and 11 relapsed patients received therapeutic DLIs with or without chemotherapy (tDLI group). Donor lymphocytes were collected from the original donors without stimulation and infused without further manipulation. The median mononuclear cell doses and CD3+ cell doses were 1.49 × 10(8) and 5.51 × 10(7) /kg. Forty-three patients who did not receive pDLI therapy after detecting increasing MRD (no pDLI group) were also included as a comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 100% in the pDLI group, whereas it was 63.6% in the tDLI group (p=0.019). Survival outcomes were superior in the pDLI group compared with the tDLI group (χ(2) = 14.624, p=0.000); estimated overall survival (OS) at 1 year was 93.8% with pDLI and 27.3% with tDLI. The incidence of overall acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and Grade III to IV aGVHD was higher in the pDLI group but with no significance. Patients in the "no pDLI" group showed an inferior prognosis with 1-year OS at 65.1% (95% confidence interval, 50.8%-79.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated the efficacy and safety of pDLI and suggested that pDLI based on MRD monitoring was superior in acute leukemia patients with potential progression compared with salvage DLI administrated in overt relapse.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yamin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Kaili
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Gaofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiujing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000628:therapy*; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult