title: Inferring the choreography of parental genomes during fertilization from ultralarge-scale whole-transcriptome analysis.
abstract: Fertilization precisely choreographs parental genomes by using gamete-derived cellular factors and activating genome regulatory programs. However, the mechanism remains elusive owing to the technical difficulties of preparing large numbers of high-quality preimplantation cells. Here, we collected >14 × 10(4) high-quality mouse metaphase II oocytes and used these to establish detailed transcriptional profiles for four early embryo stages and parthenogenetic development. By combining these profiles with other public resources, we found evidence that gene silencing appeared to be mediated in part by noncoding RNAs and that this was a prerequisite for post-fertilization development. Notably, we identified 817 genes that were differentially expressed in embryos after fertilization compared with parthenotes. The regulation of these genes was distinctly different from those expressed in parthenotes, suggesting functional specialization of particular transcription factors prior to first cell cleavage. We identified five transcription factors that were potentially necessary for developmental progression: Foxd1, Nkx2-5, Sox18, Myod1, and Runx1. Our very large-scale whole-transcriptome profile of early mouse embryos yielded a novel and valuable resource for studies in developmental biology and stem cell research. The database is available at http://dbtmee.hgc.jp.
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
authors.forename: Sung-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komata
authors.forename: Fukashi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohsugi
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirahige
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: development; fertilization; parthenogenesis; transcription factor; transcriptome