title: Confronting the paradox of enrichment to the metacommunity perspective.
abstract: Resource enrichment can potentially destabilize predator-prey dynamics. This phenomenon historically referred as the "paradox of enrichment" has mostly been explored in spatially homogenous environments. However, many predator-prey communities exchange organisms within spatially heterogeneous networks called metacommunities. This heterogeneity can result from uneven distribution of resources among communities and thus can lead to the spreading of local enrichment within metacommunities. Here, we adapted the original Rosenzweig-MacArthur predator-prey model, built to study the paradox of enrichment, to investigate the effect of regional enrichment and of its spatial distribution on predator-prey dynamics in metacommunities. We found that the potential for destabilization was depending on the connectivity among communities and the spatial distribution of enrichment. In one hand, we found that at low dispersal regional enrichment led to the destabilization of predator-prey dynamics. This destabilizing effect was more pronounced when the enrichment was uneven among communities. In the other hand, we found that high dispersal could stabilize the predator-prey dynamics when the enrichment was spatially heterogeneous. Our results illustrate that the destabilizing effect of enrichment can be dampened when the spatial scale of resource enrichment is lower than that of organismss movements (heterogeneous enrichment). From a conservation perspective, our results illustrate that spatial heterogeneity could decrease the regional extinction risk of species involved in specialized trophic interactions. From the perspective of biological control, our results show that the heterogeneous distribution of pest resource could favor or dampen outbreaks of pests and of their natural enemies, depending on the spatial scale of heterogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR7625 - Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2031 - Ecologie des Populations et Communautés, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hauzy
authors.affiliation: CNRS, UMR7598 - Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nadin
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canard
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gounand
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mouquet
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ebenman
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003441:Crowding; D017753:Ecosystem; D020387:Food Chain; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*