title: Anatomy of ageing face.
abstract: Ageing is a biological process that results from changes at a cellular level, particularly modification of mRNA. The face is affected by the same physiological process and results in skeletal, muscular, and cutaneous ageing; ligamentous attenuation, descent of fat, and ageing of the appendages. I describe these changes on a structural and clinical basis and summarise possible solutions for a rejuvenation surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Unit, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: velupillai.ilankovan@poole.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ilankovan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000505:Alopecia / Q000473:pathology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Cutaneous ageing; Facial ageing; Skeletal ageing