title: Metabolic syndrome and coronary artery calcification: a community-based natural population study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on coronary artery calcification (CAC) in China. In this article, we aimed to explore the distribution of CAC in populations with and without MetS, and estimate the influence of MetS and its components on CAC in a community-based population of Beijing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1647 local residents of Beijing, age 40-77 years, were recruited for a cardiovascular risk factors survey and were determined fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipids, and 64 multi-detector computed tomography (64-MDCT) coronary artery calcium score (CACS) measurement (Agatston scoring). The distribution of CAC was described, and the influence of MetS components on CAC was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this population, the prevalence and extent of CAC increased with increasing age and both were higher in MetS subjects compared to nonMetS subjects (all P < 0.05), with the exception of those older than 65 years old. The risk of CAC increased with increasing numbers of MetS components, and the odds ratios for predicting positive CAC in subjects with 1, 2, 3, and = 4 MetS components were 1.60, 1.84, 2.12, and 3.12, respectively (all P < 0.05). Elevated blood pressure, elevated FPG, elevated triglycerides, and overweight increased the risk of CAC, yielding odds ratios of 2.64, 1.67, 1.32, and 1.37, respectively (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the Beijing community-based population, MetS increases the risk of CAC. The risk of CAC increases with increasing numbers of MetS components. Not only the number, but also the variety of risk factors for MetS is correlated with the risk of CAC. Elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and overweight increase the risk of CAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Xiong-Biao
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Division for CVD Prevention and Control Network, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Division for CVD Prevention and Control Network, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, #1124 W Carson Street, Torrance 90502, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences and Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detrano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors