title: Germ cell tumors in atypical locations: experience of the TGM 95 SFCE trial.
abstract: The yolk sac tumor is one of the most common malignant germ cell tumors in young children and typically occurs in the gonads. We report 6 cases of children less than 30 months old with extragonadal atypical locations of yolk sac tumor. These rare diagnoses were established by raised serum α-fetoprotein levels and biopsies. These patients were treated according to the French TGM 95 trial. All the patients are alive disease-free after ≥2.5 years of follow-up. We want to highlight the importance of measuring the α-fetoprotein levels in very young children presenting with any midline tumor, even if the tumor is not located in the typical extragonadal sites such as the sacrococcyx, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or vagina.
authors.affiliation: *Pediatric Oncology Department, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille Cedex †Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Curie Institute §Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris Cedex ‡Pediatric Urologic Surgery Unit, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex ∥Pediatric Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sudour-Bonnange
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orbach
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalfa
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fasola
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patte
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D018240:Endodermal Sinus Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057832:Watchful Waiting; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D001761:Bleomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D002945:Cisplatin