title: Functionality of cooperation between health, welfare and education sectors serving children and families.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children and their families use a lot of different services, which poses challenges in terms of cooperation between service providers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the functioning of this cooperation between services for children and families in Finland's mainland municipalities from the viewpoints of employees and managers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out using a cross-sectional survey design. Data were gathered using two postal surveys from employees and managers working in health care, social welfare and educational settings. The data consisted of responses from 457 employees and 327 managers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Employees working in primary health care and education services assessed cooperation as working better than did those working in social welfare, special health care or mental health and substance abuse services. Well-functioning cooperation at the operational and strategic level was related to good awareness of services and to agreed and well-functioning cooperation practices with few barriers to cooperation. Employees were more critical than managers concerning the occurrence of barriers and about the agreed cooperation practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful cooperation in providing services for children and families requires an awareness of services, management structures that support cooperation, agreed practices and efforts to overcome barriers to cooperation.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kanste
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Halme
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marja-Leena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Perälä
keywords: child; cooperation; family; integration; municipality