title: Normative values for the Oro-facial Esthetic Scale in Sweden.
abstract: This study reports the findings and challenges of the assessment of oro-facial aesthetics in the Swedish general population and the development of normative values for the self-reporting Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES). In a Swedish national sample of 1406 adult subjects (response rate: 47%), OES decile norms were established. The influence of sociodemographics (gender, age, and education), oral health status and general health status on OES scores was analysed. Mean ± standard deviation of OES scores was 50.3 ± 15.6 units (0, worst score; 70, best score); <1% of the subjects had the minimum score of 0, and 11% had the maximum score of 70 OES units. Orofacial Esthetic Scale score differences were (i) substantial (>5 OES units) for subjects with excellent/very good versus good to poor oral or general health status; ii) small (2 units), but statistically significant for gender (P = 0.01) and two age groups (P = 0.02), and (iii) absent for subjects with college versus no college education (P = 0.31) or with and without dentures (P = 0.90). To estimate normative values for a self-reporting health status, instrument is considered an important step in standardisation, and the developed norms provide a frame of reference in the general population to interpret the Orofacial Esthetic Scale scores.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Oral Rehabilitation, Norrköping, Sweden; Department of Orofacial Pain and Jawfunction, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D004955:Esthetics, Dental / Q000523:psychology*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: aesthetics; appearance; normative values; norms; oral health; oro-facial aesthetics