title: Superior fluorescent probe for detection of cardiolipin.
abstract: Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid found in mitochondrial inner membrane. It is a key component for mitochondrial function in both respiration and apoptosis. The level of CL is an important parameter for investigating these intracellular events and is a critical indicator of a number of diseases associated with mitochondrial respiratory functions. 10-Nonyl acridine orange (NAO) is the only fluorescent dye currently available for CL detection. However, the performance of NAO is far from satisfactory in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. In this work, we report an aggregation-induced emission-active fluorogen, TTAPE-Me, for CL detection and quantification. With improved sensitivity and excellent selectivity to CL over other major mitochondrial membrane lipids, TTAPE-Me could serve as a valuable fluorescent sensor for CL quantification. The use of TTAPE-Me for the quantification of isolated mitochondria is also demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Chris W T
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Yuning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanske
authors.forename: Engui
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ekaterina V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Pletneva
authors.forename: Ben Zhong
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000609:Aminoacridines / Q000737:chemistry; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000737:chemistry*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: C000589572:1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)phenyl)ethene tetrabromide; D000609:Aminoacridines; D002308:Cardiolipins; D005030:Ethylenes; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; C041691:10-N-nonylacridinium orange