title: Role of peripheral immune response in microglia activation and regulation of brain chemokine and proinflammatory cytokine responses induced during VSV encephalitis.
abstract: We report herein that neuroinvasion by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) activates microglia and induces a peripheral dendritic cell (DC)-dependent inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). VSV neuroinvasion rapidly induces multiple brain chemokine and proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs that display bimodal kinetics. Peripheral DC ablation or T cell depletion suppresses the second wave of this response demonstrating that infiltrating T cells are primarily responsible for the bimodal characteristics of this response. The robust infiltrate associated with VSV encephalitis likely depends on sustained production of brain CCL19 and CCR7 expression on infiltrating inflammatory cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States.
authors.forename: Christina D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Breving
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States.
authors.forename: Woong-Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States.
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, United States. Electronic address: ciavarrp@evms.edu.
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ciavarra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004671:Encephalitis, Arbovirus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017254:Leukemic Infiltration / Q000188:drug therapy; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; C587884:Hbegf protein, mouse; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Chemokine; Dendritic cell; Encephalitis; Microglia; T cell; Vesicular stomatitis virus