title: Solvent-free and catalysts-free chemistry: a benign pathway to sustainability.
abstract: In the past decade, alternative benign organic methodologies have become an imperative part of organic syntheses and chemical reactions. The various new and innovative sustainable organic reactions and methodologies using no solvents or catalysts and employing alternative energy inputs such as microwaves, sonication, conventional and room temperature heating conditions, mechanochemical mixing, and high-speed ball milling are discussed in detail. Environmentally benign and pharmaceutically important reactions such as multicomponent, condensation, and Michael addition reactions; ring opening of epoxides; and oxidation and other significant organic reactions are discussed. An overview of benign reactions through solvent- and catalyst-free (SF-CF) chemistry and a critical perspective on emerging synergies between SF-CF organic reactions are discussed.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21-2948550; current address: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc (Czech Republic). m.gawande@fct.unl.pt, manoj.gawande@upol.cz.
authors.forename: Manoj B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gawande
authors.forename: Vasco D B
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Bonifácio
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luque
authors.forename: Paula S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: Rajender S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Varma
mesh_terms: D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves