title: Improvement in transdermal drug delivery performance by graphite oxide/temperature-responsive hydrogel composites with micro heater.
abstract: Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was prepared with temperature-responsive hydrogel. The graphite was oxidized and incorporated into hydrogel matrix to improve the thermal response of hydrogel. The micro heater was fabricated to control the temperature precisely by adopting a joule heating method. The drug in hydrogel was delivered through a hairless mouse skin by controlling temperature. The efficiency of drug delivery was improved obviously by incorporation of graphite oxide due to the excellent thermal conductivity and the increased interfacial affinity between graphite oxide and hydrogel matrix. The fabricated micro heater was effective in controlling the temperature over lower critical solution temperature of hydrogel precisely with a small voltage less than 1 V. The cell viability test on graphite oxide composite hydrogel showed enough safety for using as a transdermal drug delivery patch. The performance of TDDS could be improved noticeably based on temperature-responsive hydrogel, thermally conductive graphite oxide, and efficient micro heater.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BK21-E(2)M, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jumi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 171 Jang-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BK21-E(2)M, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, BK21-E(2)M, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006108:Graphite / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D006108:Graphite