title: Terminally ill patients as customers: the patient's perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumerism in health care defines patients as self-determined, rational customers. Yet, it is questionable whether vulnerable patients, such as the terminally ill, also fulfill these criteria. Vulnerable contexts and the patient's perspective on being a customer remain relatively unexplored. The present study addresses this research gap by analyzing terminally ill patients' views on being customers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the ways in which patients in palliative care refer to themselves as patients/customers, and how the patients' concepts of self-determination are related to their attitudes toward the patient/customer role.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed in three steps: narrative analysis, thematic content analysis, and typology construction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers recruited 25 patients via the Department of Palliative Care, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In many ways, palliative patients contradict the image of a self-determined customer. The palliative patient role is characterized by the concept of relational self-determination rather than an unrestricted self-determination. Self-attribution as a customer still occurs when positively associated with a person-centered, individualized treatment. Thus, the customer and patient role overlap within the palliative care setting because of the focus on the individual.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The idealized customer role cannot be arbitrarily applied to all medical fields. Palliative patients are dependent on the physician, regardless of whether the customer or patient role is preferred. Hence, self-determination must be understood in relational terms, and physicians must recognize their crucial role in promoting patients' self-determination in the context of shared decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seibel
authors.forename: Sara Celestina
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Valeo
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xander
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duerk
authors.forename: Gerhild
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003657:Decision Making; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000523:psychology*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations