title: Orbital exenteration under trigeminal block: An innovative method of regional anesthesia.
abstract: Orbital exenteration is a disfiguring operation involving the removal of the entire contents of the orbit, with or without the eyelids. It is widely felt that such extensive surgery can only be performed under general anesthesia. We report our experience with a patient who underwent orbitalexenteration under trigeminal block with intravenous sedation. A 68-year-old male patient was diagnosed to have orbital cellulitis (mucormycosis), uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction with severe pulmonary artery hypertension, and nephropathy. We decided to avoid general anesthesia for such a high-risk patient with many co-morbid illnesses. We gave trigeminal block using a 22-G spinal needle with local anesthetic solution of bupivacaine 0.5% by classic approach. A standard exenteration was performed and the patient tolerated the procedure well with no complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, SDM Medical College, Sattur, Dharwad, India.
authors.forename: Manjunath Timmappa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, SDM Medical College, Sattur, Dharwad, India.
authors.forename: Harihar V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Hegde
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, SDM Medical College, Sattur, Dharwad, India.
authors.forename: M C B
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Santhosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, SDM Medical College, Sattur, Dharwad, India.
authors.forename: Raghavendra P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rao
keywords: Orbital exenteration; trigeminal nerve anatomy; trigeminal nerve block