title: Cloud point extraction of parabens using non-ionic surfactant with cylodextrin functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier.
abstract: A cloud point extraction (CPE) process using non-ionic surfactant (DC193C) to extract selected paraben compounds from water samples was investigated using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The CPE process with the presence of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier (CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL) is a new extraction technique that has been applied on the optimization of parameters, i.e., pH, βCD-IL concentration and phase volume ratio. This CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL method is facilitated at 30 °C, showing great losses of water content in the surfactant-rich phase, resulting in a high pre-concentration factor and high distribution coefficient. The developed method CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL did show enhanced properties compared to the CPE method without the modifier (CPE-DC193C). The developed method of CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL gives an excellent performance on the detection of parabens from water samples with the limit of detection falling in the range of 0.013-0.038 µg mL-1. Finally, the inclusion complex formation, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction between the βCD-IL, benzyl paraben (ArP), and DC 193C were proven using 1H NMR and 2D NOESY spectroscopy.
authors.forename: Md Saleh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Noorashikin
authors.forename: Muggundha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raoov
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. sharifahm@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Sharifah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: Mhd Radzi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abas
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010226:Parabens; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D014867:Water; C057775:benzylparaben; C031215:betadex