title: Are Risky Youth Less Protectable As They Age? The Dynamics of Protection During Adolescence and Young Adulthood.
abstract: Research on recidivism in criminal justice and desistance in criminology are not integrated. Yet, both fields seem to be moving towards models that look at how positive elements in a person's environment can impact a person's behavior, conditional on different levels of risk. This study builds on this observation by applying interactional theory and the concept of Risk-Needs-Responsivity to theorize that both Needs and Responsivity will change over time in predictable ways. We then use a novel empirical approach with the Rochester Youth Development Study to show that even in late adolescence, individuals who are at risk for violence can be protected from future violence and risky behavior like gun carrying with positive events in their environment and personal life. In young adulthood, fewer people are still at risk for violence, and those who are at risk are harder to protect from future violence and gun carrying.
authors.affiliation: University at Albany 135 Western Avenue Draper Hall, 219 Albany, NY 12222 Ph: 518-442-5214 sbushway@albany.edu a.lizotte@albany.edu mp573638@albany.edu nd533647@albany.edu.
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bushway
authors.forename: Marvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.affiliation: University at Albany 135 Western Avenue Draper Hall, 219 Albany, NY 12222 Ph: 518-442-5214 sbushway@albany.edu a.lizotte@albany.edu mp573638@albany.edu nd533647@albany.edu.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lizotte
authors.affiliation: University at Albany 135 Western Avenue Draper Hall, 219 Albany, NY 12222 Ph: 518-442-5214 sbushway@albany.edu a.lizotte@albany.edu mp573638@albany.edu nd533647@albany.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: University at Albany 135 Western Avenue Draper Hall, 219 Albany, NY 12222 Ph: 518-442-5214 sbushway@albany.edu a.lizotte@albany.edu mp573638@albany.edu nd533647@albany.edu.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
keywords: Developmental Stages; Risk and Protective Factors; Trajectory Analysis; Youth Violence