title: Rosmarinic Acid and Its Methyl Ester as Antimicrobial Components of the Hydromethanolic Extract of Hyptis atrorubens Poit. (Lamiaceae).
abstract: Primary biological examination of four extracts of the leaves and stems of Hyptis atrorubens Poit. (Lamiaceae), a plant species used as an antimicrobial agent in Guadeloupe, allowed us to select the hydromethanolic extract of the stems for further studies. It was tested against 46 microorganisms in vitro. It was active against 29 microorganisms. The best antibacterial activity was found against bacteria, mostly Gram-positive ones. Bioautography enabled the isolation and identification of four antibacterial compounds from this plant: rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, isoquercetin, and hyperoside. The MIC and MBC values of these compounds and their combinations were determined against eight pathogenic bacteria. The best inhibitory and bactericidal activity was found for methyl rosmarinate (0.3 mg/mL). Nevertheless, the bactericidal power of rosmarinic acid was much faster in the time kill study. Synergistic effects were found when combining the active compounds. Finally, the inhibitory effects of the compounds were evaluated on the bacterial growth phases at two different temperatures. Our study demonstrated for the first time antimicrobial activity of Hyptis atrorubens with identification of the active compounds. It supports its traditional use in French West Indies. Although its active compounds need to be further evaluated in vivo, this work emphasizes plants as potent sources of new antimicrobial agents when resistance to antibiotics increases dramatically.
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4481 GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abedini
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4481 GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roumy
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, INSERM U995, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahieux
authors.affiliation: APLAMEDAROM, Association des Plantes Médicinales et Aromatiques de Guadeloupe, Mompierre, 97111 Morne-à-l'eau, Guadeloupe, France.
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biabiany
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, UDSL, Pasteur Institute, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) EA-4547, Biology & Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens (BDEEP), UFR Pharmacie, 59010 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Standaert-Vitse
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4481 GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivière
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4481 GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Sevser
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahpaz
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4481 GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bailleul
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, INSERM U995, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neut
authors.affiliation: Univ Lille Nord de France, 59000 Lille, France ; UDSL, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA 4481 GRIIOT, UFR Pharmacie, 59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hennebelle