title: Foods, nutrients or whole diets: effects of targeting fish and LCn3PUFA consumption in a 12mo weight loss trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is some evidence in the literature that emphasising fish consumption may assist with weight loss. The aim was to assess the effects of advice to consume 2 fish meals per week in a weight loss diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 118 obese Australian adults (mean BMI ± SD 31.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2; mean age ± SD 45 ± 10 y; 28% male). Participants received low calorie dietary advice+placebo (1 g olive oil; CONTROL), low calorie dietary advice emphasising fish+placebo (Fish), or low calorie dietary advice emphasising fish diet + LCn3PUFA supplements (Fish+S). Individualised advice targeted 2 MJ energy deficit (30%E fat, 45%E carbohydrate and 25%E protein) with or without two servings (180 g) fatty fish/wk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups lost weight at 12 months (CONTROL -4.5 kg vs. Fish -4.3 kg vs. Fish+S -3.3 kg; p<0.001) and percentage body fat (
  
  
  METHODS
  -1.5% vs. Fish: -1.4% vs. Fish+S: -0.7%; p<0.001) but there were no significant differences between groups. Cardiovascular disease risk factors changed as expected from weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advice to consume 2 fish meals per week did not enhance the effects on weight loss of a healthy low calorie diet.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACTRN12608000425392.
authors.affiliation: Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia. ltapsell@uow.edu.au.
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tapsell
authors.forename: Marijka J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Batterham
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Yasmine C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: Qingsheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jimmy Chun Yu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Louie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid