title: The contribution of Nth and Nei DNA glycosylases to mutagenesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
abstract: The increased prevalence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) indicates that significant mutagenesis occurs during tuberculosis disease in humans. DNA damage by host-derived reactive oxygen/nitrogen species is hypothesized to be critical for the mutagenic process in Mtb thus, highlighting an important role for DNA repair enzymes in maintenance of genome fidelity. Formamidopyrimidine (Fpg/MutM/Fapy) and EndonucleaseVIII (Nei) constitute the Fpg/Nei family of DNA glycosylases and together with EndonucleaseIII (Nth) are central to the base excision repair pathway in bacteria. In this study we assess the contribution of Nei and Nth DNA repair enzymes in Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm), which retains a single nth homologue and duplications of the Fpg (fpg1 and fpg2) and Nei (nei1 and nei2) homologues. Using an Escherichia coli nth deletion mutant, we confirm the functionality of the mycobacterial nth gene in the base excision repair pathway. Msm mutants lacking nei1, nei2 and nth individually or in combination did not display aberrant growth in broth culture. Deletion of nth individually results in increased UV-induced mutagenesis and combinatorial deletion with the nei homologues results in reduced survival under oxidative stress conditions and an increase in spontaneous mutagenesis to rifampicin. Deletion of nth together with the fpg homolgues did not result in any growth/survival defects or changes in mutation rate. Furthermore, no differential emergence of the common rifampicin resistance conferring genotypes were noted. Collectively, these data confirm a role for Nth in base excision repair in mycobacteria and further highlight a novel interplay between the Nth and Nei homologues in spontaneous mutagenesis.
authors.affiliation: DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nabiela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moolla
authors.affiliation: DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Vivianne J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Goosens
authors.affiliation: DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
authors.forename: Bavesh D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kana
authors.affiliation: DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. Electronic address: bhavna.gordhan@nhls.ac.za.
authors.forename: Bhavna G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gordhan
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D059645:Mutation Rate; D020102:Mycobacterium smegmatis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D012293:Rifampin
keywords: Base excision repair; DNA repair; Endonuclease III; EndonucleaseVIII; Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase; Mutagenesis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis