title: Arterio venous fistula experience at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the two year patency rate of functioning arteriovenous fistula.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective case series study was conducted at Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from 1(st) January 2009 to 31(st) December, 2010. Patients were chosen for CBRC arteriovenous fistula at wrist and patients undergoing other types of vascular access or secondary fistula formation were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighty two patients underwent arteriovenous fistula formation. The mean ± SD age was 63 ± 13 years and there were 102 (56%) males and 80 (44%) females. 12.6% fistulae failed within first month without dialysis. The primary patency rate was 66.5% at three months and 57.7% at six months. Failing arteriovenous fistula was managed by new arteriovenous fistula in our series. 28.6% patients had redo arteriovenous fistula. This study demonstrated a poor outcome for fistulas in diabetic patients. Fifteen out of 23 (65.2%) who failed primarily were diabetics and out of these diabetics 13 (86.7%) failed in first three months. Infection and burst fistulae were found in nine (4.9%), pseudo aneurysm in 3.2%, fever 4.9%, peri-operative failure 0.55% and burst fistulae 3.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-third of radiocephalic fistulas fail within two years. The outcome is worse for women and diabetic patients. This information may be useful in assessing and counseling patients with end-stage renal failure. Arteriovenous fistula is the better and ideal choice for haemodialysis. A Radiocephalic fistula in forearm seems to have better results as comparison to cubital fossa arteriovenous fistula. End to side anastomosis results are better than side to side anastomosis.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Shahnawaz, MS, Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.affiliation: Dr. Shahzad Ali, FCPS, Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Dr. Iqbal Shahzad, FCPS, Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shahzad
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Umar Baloch, MS, Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M Umar
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Baloch
keywords: AVF; Arteriovenous fistula; Chronic renal failure; Patency; Primary failure