title: The Effect of Exposure to Pro-Tobacco Advertising on Experimentation With Emerging Tobacco Products Among U.S. Adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study assessed the influence of exposure to pro-tobacco advertisements on experimentation with emerging tobacco products among U.S. adolescents aged ≥9 years, in Grades 6 to 12.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association between experimentation with snus and e-cigarettes and exposure to pro-tobacco advertisements from three sources: over the Internet, in newspapers/magazines, and at retail stores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and current use of other tobacco products, the odds of experimenting with snus were 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.88-3.16), 2.03 (95% CI = 1.30-3.17), and 3.24 (95% CI = 2.07-5.07), among students exposed to one, two, or all three types of pro-tobacco advertisements, respectively, compared with those exposed to none. Similar results were obtained for e-cigarettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stronger restrictions on tobacco advertisements, in concert with increased tobacco taxes and warning about the dangers of tobacco, use may help reduce youth tobacco use.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA iagaku@post.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Israel T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Agaku
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Olalekan A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ayo-Yusuf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000329:Advertising; D002648:Child; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: adolescents; advertisements; electronic cigarettes; smokeless tobacco; snus; tobacco