title: Competencies for student leadership development in doctor of pharmacy curricula to assist curriculum committees and leadership instructors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assist curriculum committees and leadership instructors by gathering expert opinion to define student leadership development competencies for pharmacy curricula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six leadership instructors participated in a 3-round, online, modified Delphi process to define competencies for student leadership development in pharmacy curricula. Round 1 asked open-ended questions about leadership knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Round 2 grouped responses for agreement rating and comment. Round 3 allowed rating and comment on competencies not yet meeting consensus, which was prospectively set at 80%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven competencies attained 80% consensus or higher and were grouped into 3 areas: leadership knowledge, personal leadership commitment, and leadership skill development. Connections to contemporary leadership development literature were outlined for each competency as a means of verifying the panel's work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The leadership competencies will aid students in addressing: What is leadership? Who am I as a leader? What skills and abilities do I need to be effective? The competencies will help curriculum committees and leadership instructors to focus leadership development opportunities, identify learning assessments, and define program evaluation.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Kristin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Janke
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland.
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Boyle
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D003479:Curriculum; D003625:Data Collection; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D019359:Knowledge; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011361:Professional Competence; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D014481:United States
keywords: Delphi; competencies; curriculum; instruction; leadership