title: Increased sympathetic nerve activity in COPD is associated with morbidity and mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a major cause of comorbidity and mortality. Systemic effects, such as sympathetic activation, might contribute to progression and severity of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether increased sympathetic activity is associated with increased long-term morbidity and mortality with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a baseline registration of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), 21 COPD patients and 21 matched healthy control subjects were contacted after a mean follow-up period of 7 years. Information about the number of hospitalizations during follow-up was obtained from patients who were still alive. Information about the time of death was collected from relatives of the deceased and local registration offices. The primary endpoint was the comparison of MSNA in living patients without hospitalizations versus MSNA in the patients who died or had at least one hospitalization due to exacerbation of COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, MSNA was significantly increased, whereas forced expiratory volume in 1 s and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) were significantly decreased in patients compared with controls. MSNA was significantly higher in COPD patients who had reached the combined endpoint of hospitalization or death during follow-up (n = 12) compared with patients who were still alive at follow-up and had not been hospitalized (n = 8): 60.3 ± 15.8 (SD) bursts/min versus 40.5 ± 17.5 bursts/min; p = 0.022.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that sympathetic activation is related to adverse outcome in COPD. Although this finding has to be replicated in larger studies, it implies that neurohumoral activation could be a potential therapeutic target in COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany, sandreas@lungenfachklinik-immenhausen.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andreas
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haarmann
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klarner
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasenfuss
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raupach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006339:Heart Rate; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors