title: Distinct optical chemistry of dissolved organic matter in urban pond ecosystems.
abstract: Urbanization has the potential to dramatically alter the biogeochemistry of receiving freshwater ecosystems. We examined the optical chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in forty-five urban ponds across southern Ontario, Canada to examine whether optical characteristics in these relatively new ecosystems are distinct from other freshwater systems. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations ranged from 2 to 16 mg C L(-1) across the ponds with an average value of 5.3 mg C L(-1). Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modelling showed urban pond DOM to be characterized by microbial-like and, less importantly, by terrestrial derived humic-like components. The relatively transparent, non-humic DOM in urban ponds was more similar to that found in open water, lake ecosystems than to rivers or wetlands. After irradiation equivalent to 1.7 days of natural solar radiation, DOC concentrations, on average, decreased by 38% and UV absorbance decreased by 25%. Irradiation decreased the relative abundances of terrestrial humic-like components and increased protein-like aspects of the DOM pool. These findings suggest that high internal production and/or prolonged exposure to sunlight exerts a distinct and significant influence on the chemistry of urban pond DOM, which likely reduces its chemical similarity with upstream sources. These properties of urban pond DOM may alter its biogeochemical role in these relatively novel aquatic ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: McEnroe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Clayton J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marguerite A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Xenopoulos
authors.affiliation: Biology Centre of the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Porcal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Frost
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D061005:Ponds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D002244:Carbon