title: Unique features of non-obstructive emphysema and pure airway obstruction.
abstract: METHODS
  Emphysema without airway obstruction or airway obstruction without emphysema are often detected clinically, although they are commonly co-existent. We therefore tested the hypothesis that non-obstructive emphysema and pure airway obstruction have unique features.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control observation study was undertaken retrospectively in a patient cohort at a single centre. Among 2662 subjects who underwent chest computed tomography and pulmonary function tests, we enrolled 90 patients with non-obstructive emphysema, 119 with pure airway obstruction, 81 with obstructive emphysema and 2031 subjects as normal controls. The features of the four groups were analysed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher serum homocysteine (13.4 ± 7.4 vs. 11.6 ± 4.6 mol/l), higher rate of osteoporosis (15.8% vs. 4.5%), higher leukocyte count, higher male ratio, lower serum albumin and lower body mass index were observed in subjects with non-obstructive emphysema than in controls (P < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis of groups without airway obstruction, osteoporosis, hyperhomocysteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and higher leukocyte count were independent factors associated with non-obstructive emphysema (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperhomocysteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, osteoporosis and higher leukocyte count were independent predictors of non-obstructive emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sheen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: C422455:ALB protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D006710:Homocysteine; D000075462:Serum Albumin, Human