title: Adherence among Italian paediatricians to the Italian guidelines for the management of fever in children: a cross sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Italian guidelines for the management of fever in children (IFG) have been published in 2009 and thereafter disseminated in all country. A survey was conducted before their publication and three years later to investigate their impact on knowledge and behaviors of paediatricians.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was administered to convenient samples of paediatricians in 2009 and in 2012, eliciting information about fever definition, methods of temperature measurement, and antipyretic use. Differences in responses between 2009 and 2012 and between paediatricians who were or were not aware of the IFG were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The responses rates were 74% (480/648) in 2009 and 69% (300/434) in 2012. In 2012 168/300 (56%) of participants were aware of the IFG. The proportion of paediatricians who correctly would never suggest the use of physical methods increased from 18.7% to 36.4% (P < 0.001). In 2009 11% of paediatricians declared that the use of antipyretic drugs depends on patient discomfort and did not use a temperature cut off. In 2012 this percentage reached 45.3% (P < 0.001). Alternate use of antipyretics decreased from 27.0% to 11.3% (P < 0.001). Use of rectal administration of antipyretics in absence of vomiting decreased from 43.8% in 2009 to 25.3% in 2012 (P < 0.001). In general, improvements were more striking in paediatricians who were aware of the IFG than in those who were not aware of them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behaviours of Italian paediatricians improved over time. However, some wrong attitudes need to be further discouraged, including use of physical methods and misuse of rectal administration. Further strategy to disseminate the IFG could be needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Paediatric Section, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy. elena.chiappini@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiappini
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Elios
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzantini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Becherucci
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierattelli
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Martino
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D058633:Antipyretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033181:Information Dissemination; D007558:Italy; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062125:Thermometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D058633:Antipyretics; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007052:Ibuprofen