title: The variety of vertebrate mechanisms of sex determination.
abstract: The review deals with features of sex determination in vertebrates. The mechanisms of sex determination are compared between fishes, amphibians, reptilians, birds, and mammals. We focus on structural and functional differences in the role of sex-determining genes in different vertebrates. Special attention is paid to the role of estrogens in sex determination in nonmammalian vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
authors.forename: Antonina V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Trukhina
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lukina
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Wackerow-Kouzova
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Smirnov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001717:Birds / Q000235:genetics; D004967:Estrogens / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics; D012104:Reptiles / Q000235:genetics; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D019849:Sex Determination Processes
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens