title: [Pathophysiological models of mixed states].
abstract: Mixed states are complex manifestations of bipolar disorders. Pathophysiology of mixed states remains unclear. Several models have been proposed to understand the mechanisms underlying these mood states. These models describe mixed state either as a combinaison of depression and mania, as well as a transition between mania and depression, or mixed state as a severe type of depression or mania. Pathophysiological hypotheses involve temperaments or some personality disorders, psychiatric comorbidities as well as substance use disorders, or thyroid dysfunction. However, the formal demonstration of any specific genetic vulnerability to mixed state has not yet been provided.
authors.affiliation: SHU psychiatrie adultes, Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France. Electronic address: raoul.belzeaux@ap-hm.fr.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belzeaux
authors.affiliation: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: SHU psychiatrie adultes, Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azorin
authors.affiliation: SHU psychiatrie adultes, Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fakra
authors.affiliation: SHU psychiatrie adultes, Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurel
authors.affiliation: Clinique de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale, CHU Pasteur, 06002 Nice cedex, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pringuey
authors.affiliation: Pôle de psychiatrie des adultes, CHU Robert-Debré, Avenue du Général-Koenig, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaladjian
authors.affiliation: Pôle de psychiatrie centre, Hôpital de La Conception, Boulevard Baille, 13006 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dassa
authors.affiliation: SHU psychiatrie adultes, Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Corréard
authors.affiliation: SHU psychiatrie adultes, Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: SHU psychiatrie adultes, Solaris, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: J-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Micoulaud-Franchi
authors.affiliation: Pôle de psychiatrie centre, Hôpital de La Conception, Boulevard Baille, 13006 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cermolacce
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D013694:Temperament; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000092864:Suicide Prevention
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Bipolar disorders; Comorbidity; Comorbidité; Temperament; Tempérament; Troubles bipolaires