title: New developments in the management of COPD: clinical utility of indacaterol 75 μg.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health challenge and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Bronchodilators, particularly long-acting β2-agonists and long-acting antimuscarinic agents, used singly or in combination, aim to improve lung function, reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, and enhance quality of life of COPD patients. Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, long-acting β2-agonist, with rapid onset of action and once-daily dosing providing 24-hour bronchodilation. Currently, the recommended dose differs between Europe (150 μg; maximum 300 μg) and USA (75 μg), the latter is lower than that assessed in the majority of the conducted studies. This review summarises published evidence regarding the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of indacaterol at a dose of 75 μg. Indacaterol 75 μg was found to be superior than placebo regarding lung function, dyspnea, health status, use of rescue medication, and rate of exacerbations. Furthermore, indacaterol 75 μg was well tolerated, while the most frequent adverse effect was deterioration of COPD occurring at a frequency similar to placebo, without major cardiovascular adverse effects. In conclusion, indacaterol 75 μg, administered once daily, is efficacious and has an excellent tolerability and safety profile, and is therefore a valid alternative in the treatment of COPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Paschalis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steiropoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Archontogeorgis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nena
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouros
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D007189:Indans; D015363:Quinolones; C510790:indacaterol
keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; indacaterol; long-acting bronchodilators; β2-agonists