title: Human rights, dual loyalties, and clinical independence : challenges facing mental health professionals working in Australia's immigration detention network.
abstract: Although Australia has comparatively few individuals seeking asylum, it has had a mandatory detention policy in place since 1992. This policy has been maintained by successive governments despite the overwhelmingly negative impact mandatory detention has on mental health. For mental health professionals working in this environment, a number of moral, ethical, and human rights issues are raised. These issues are discussed here, with a focus on dual loyalty conflicts and drawing on personal experience, the bioethics and human rights literature, and recent parliamentary inquiries. For those who continue to work in this environment, future directions are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, Villawood, NSW, 2163, Australia, ryan_essex@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Essex
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology*; D004995:Ethics, Professional; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000941:ethics* / Q000523:psychology; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008603:Mental Health; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D028681:Moral Obligations; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011330:Prisons / Q000941:ethics*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*