title: [Factors involved in host-pathogen interaction for the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma induced by Epstein Barr virus].
abstract: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a neoplasm characterized by malignant cells called Reed Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells in the lymphatic system. Such cells comprise 1% of the tumor while the remainder is made up of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and plasma non-neoplastic cells. The annual global incidence of HL is 3-10/100,000 inhabitants and is most commonly found in young adults. The mechanism by which cell transformation is accomplished is not entirely clear; however, some evidences suggest that oncogenic viruses like the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) may have a high impact on the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferation. Genetic and environmental factors could be involved, since it has been found a high incidence of HL among members of the same family. In Mexico, there have been studies to determine the prevalence of EBV in patients with HL and found the presence of this virus in up to 64.2% of the cases. EBV has been detected in the Reed Sternberg cells and Hodgkin cells in 50% of cases of classical HL. There is not a satisfactory explanation for this, but it has been proposed that geographic and immunological variabilities play a role in the positivity of EBV in HL. However, despite recent advances in the field, there is insufficient evidence to show a clear association between host factors, environment and pathogens, and the risk of lymphoproliferation leading to the development of HL. This review aims to give an overview about the risk factors that influence the interaction of host, pathogens and environment in the etiology of HL.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Delegación Coyoacán.
authors.forename: Luz María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Torres Espíndola
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología, Hospital infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Delegación Cuauhtémoc.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arellano Galindo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Oseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico, D.F.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Velazquez Cruz
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Vigilancia Epidemiológica Hospitalaria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico, D.F.
authors.forename: Manuel de Jesús
authors.initials: Mde J
authors.lastname: Castillejos López
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D016539:Reed-Sternberg Cells / Q000821:virology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins