title: Environmental toxins: alarming impacts of pesticides on male fertility.
abstract: This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of more than 15 mostly used pesticides on male reproductive physiology, as recent experimental and epidemiological research have indicated their alarming impact on overall human health. Mechanisms have described that pesticide exposure damages spermatozoa, alter Sertoli or Leydig cell function, both in vitro and in vivo and thus affects semen quality. But, the literature suggests a need for more intricate research in those pesticides that are defined as mutagens or carcinogens and directly affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This literature review also proposes specific solutions to overcome these health effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India sunny_pallav_1984@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Pallav
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Rajdeb
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Infertility; in vivo; oligozoospermic; pesticides; sperm quality