title: Effect of simvastatin on inflammatory cytokines balance in air pouch granuloma model.
abstract: Simvastatin has important immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects independent of lipid lowering effects. Therefore, our study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin either alone or in combination with aspirin. Air pouch granuloma model was used for induction of inflammation in 72 male Wistar albino rats, which were treated with simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day), aspirin (25 mg/kg/day) or both for 3 or 6 executive days. Inflammatory exudates were collected and measured. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring exudates' malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Inflammatory mediator C-reactive protein (CRP) was investigated using slide agglutination test. Exudates' levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-4 were measured by ELISA. We found that simvastatin alone or in combination with aspirin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing volume of exudates. Simvastatin significantly reduced serum level of CRP and exudates levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA as well as significantly elevated exudates level of NO and IL-4. The results of simvastain were comparable to those of aspirin. In conclusion, air pouch granuloma interrupted the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers, which is restored by simvastatin. The anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin are comparable to aspirin and their combination may produce better effects especially in the attenuation of the oxidative stress and IL-6.
authors.forename: Hanan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Mohammed M H
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Gayyar
authors.forename: Amal M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Gayar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. mhgayyar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tarek M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019821:Simvastatin; D001241:Aspirin