title: Electroremediation of a natural soil polluted with phenanthrene in a pilot plant.
abstract: In this work, a pilot plant with two rows of three electrodes in semipermeable electrolyte wells was used to study the electrokinetic treatment of a natural soil polluted with phenanthrene (PHE). The electrokinetic pilot plant was an open system, i.e., there was direct contact between the soil and air. To increase the solubility of phenanthrene, thereby enhancing its transport through the soil, an aqueous solution of the anionic surfactant dodecyl sulfate was used as a flushing fluid. The results show that at the pilot scale considered, gravity and evaporation fluxes are more relevant than electrokinetic fluxes. Contrary to observations at the laboratory scale, desorption of PHE promoted by electric heating appears to be a significant removal mechanism at the pilot scale. In addition, PHE is dragged by the electroosmotic flow in the cathodic wells and by electrophoresis after interaction of the surfactant with phenanthrene in the anodic wells. In spite of the long treatment time (corresponding to an energy consumption over 500kWhm(-3)), the average removal attained was only 25%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Vizcaíno
authors.affiliation: Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cañizares
authors.affiliation: Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: León
authors.affiliation: Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. Electronic address: cristina.saez@uclm.es.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sáez
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C031181:phenanthrene; C028913:dodecyl sulfate
keywords: Electroremediation; Natural soil; Phenanthrene; Pilot plant; Surfactant