title: The next generation of macroergonomics: integrating safety climate.
abstract: To date little research has examined safety climate in relation to macroergonomics and how the two distinct sub-disciplines can be integrated to affect safety outcomes. The purpose of macroergonomics is to design a fully "harmonized" work system that improves numerous aspects of organizational performance and effectiveness, and this is accomplished by incorporating the foundational theoretical framework of sociotechnical systems theory (STS). Two broad subsystems within such a system are the personnel subsystem, the ways individuals perform tasks, and the technological subsystem, the tasks to be performed. Management is an important aspect of the personnel subsystem, and there is a growing body of research regarding supervisors' influence over employee safety. One such area of research is safety climate, which is based on the perception of workers regarding safety and organizational practices. Two major factors of safety climate are management commitment to safety and communication pertaining to safety as a true priority from both top management and direct supervisors. This article describes the conceptual overlaps of macroergonomics and safety climate in order to present a conceptual model that integrates these domains using the framework of mesoergonomics. In conclusion, we discuss how this model can serve as a framework to guide the analysis and design of work systems and subsequent organizational interventions.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA. Electronic address: Lauren.Murphy@LibertyMutual.com.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carayon
mesh_terms: D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D016272:Occupational Health; D015279:Organizational Culture; D017751:Safety Management; D013597:Systems Analysis
keywords: Macroergonomics; Mesoergonomics; Safety climate; Sociotechnical systems theory