title: Prevalence of Achromobacter xylosoxidans in pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in different regions of Europe.
abstract: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) comprises 7-8% of B-cell lymphomas and commonly originates from a background of long-standing chronic inflammation. An association with distinct bacteria species has been confirmed for several anatomical sites of MALT lymphoma. For pulmonary MALT lymphoma, however, a clear link with an infectious agent or autoimmune disorder has not yet been reported. Using a 16S rRNA gene-based approach, we have recently identified Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) xylosoxidans in eight of nine cases of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. A. xylosoxidans is a gram-negative betaproteobacterium with low virulence, but high resistance to antibiotic treatment. To further examine a potential association with A. xylosoxidans, 124 cases of pulmonary MALT lymphoma and 82 control tissues from six European countries were analysed using a specific nested PCR. Although prevalence rates for A. xylosoxidans varied significantly from country to country, they were consistently higher for MALT lymphoma as compared to controls. Overall, 57/124 (46%) pulmonary MALT lymphomas and 15/82 (18%) control tissues were positive for A. xylosoxidans (P = 0·004). Whether the significant association of A. xylosoxidans with pulmonary MALT lymphoma demonstrated in our study points to a potential causal role in the pathogenesis of this lymphoma will require further studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czapiewski
authors.forename: Seba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.forename: Perikles
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kosmidis
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tousseyn
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sagaert
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boudova
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okoń
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morresi-Hauf
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostinelli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pileri
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pruneri
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Ming-Qing
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Falko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fend
mesh_terms: D042441:Achromobacter denitrificans / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Achromobacter xylosoxidans; Pulmonary MALT lymphoma; geographical variability