title: Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers: an analysis of patch test data from the Danish contact dermatitis group, 2002-2011.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupational contact dermatitis among hairdressers is frequent, owing to daily exposure to irritants and allergens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify sensitization to the most common allergens associated with the occupation of hairdressing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patch test results of 399 hairdressers and 1995 matched controls with contact dermatitis, registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group between January 2002 and December 2011, were analysed. All patients were patch tested with the European baseline series, and hairdressers were additionally tested with the hairdressing series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occupational contact dermatitis (p < 0.001) and hand eczema (p < 0.001) were observed significantly more often among hairdressers than among controls. Atopic dermatitis was less commonly observed among hairdressers (21.3%) than among controls (29.4%) (p < 0.01). Allergens from the European baseline series with a statistically significant association with the occupation of hairdressing were p-phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and benzocaine. Frequent sensitizers from the hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene-2,5-diamine, 3-aminophenol, and 4-aminophenol. Cysteamine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide emerged as new sensitizers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate a healthy worker effect among hairdressers diagnosed with eczema. Ammonium persulfate and p-phenylenediamine remain frequent sensitizers in hairdressers with contact dermatitis. Cysteamine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide should be included in future surveillance studies.
authors.affiliation: National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schwensen
authors.forename: Jeanne D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Niels K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Veien
authors.forename: Anne T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Funding
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Avnstorp
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osterballe
authors.forename: Klaus E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Evy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Charlotte G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mortz
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sommerlund
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danielsen
authors.forename: Bo L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thormann
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Berit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vissing
authors.forename: Niels H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Jacob P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thyssen
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Søsted
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000627:Aminophenols / Q000009:adverse effects; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects; D001461:Barbering; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003543:Cysteamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects; D013893:Thiram / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000485:Allergens; D000627:Aminophenols; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006202:Hair Dyes; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D013893:Thiram; C031276:ammonium peroxydisulfate; C007303:2,5-diaminotoluene; C013874:chloroacetamide; D003543:Cysteamine; C055528:3-aminophenol; C026729:4-aminophenol; D000645:Ammonium Sulfate; D001566:Benzocaine; C029728:4-phenylenediamine
keywords: allergic contact dermatitis; ammonium persulfate; atopic dermatitis; chloroacetamide; cysteamine hydrochloride; hairdressers; healthy worker effect; occupational contact dermatitis; p-phenylenediamine