title: Transient limb ischemia alters serum protein expression in healthy volunteers: complement C3 and vitronectin may be involved in organ protection induced by remote ischemic preconditioning.
abstract: The protective mechanism underlying remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is unclear. This study aims to verify whether the protein expression profile in the serum could be altered by RIPC and to detect potential protein mediators. Transient limb ischemia consisting of three cycles of 5-min ischemia followed by 5-min reperfusion was performed on sixty healthy volunteers. Serum samples were collected at 30 min before transient limb ischemia and at 1 hour (h), 3 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h after completion of three cycles. Changes in the serum protein profile were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Fourteen differentially expressed proteins were identified and, respectively, involved in immune system, lipid binding and metabolism, apoptosis, and blood coagulation. Complement C3, vitronectin, and apolipoprotein A-I were further confirmed by western blotting, and the results showed that their contents decreased significantly after transient limb ischemia. It is concluded that transient limb ischemia alters the serum protein expression profile in human being, and that reduction of serum contents of complement C3 and vitronectin may represent an important part of the mechanism whereby RIPC confers its protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou 510655, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou 510655, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou 510655, China.
authors.forename: Nan-Rong
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 26 Yuancunerheng Road, Guangzhou 510655, China.
authors.forename: San-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, No. 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: San-Qiang
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D040901:Proteomics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019096:Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D003176:Complement C3; D019096:Vitronectin