title: The molecular path to in vitro shoot regeneration.
abstract: Plant regeneration through de novo shoot organogenesis in tissue culture is a critical step in most plant transformation and micropropagation procedures. Establishing an efficient regeneration protocol is an empirical process and requires optimization of multiple factors that influence the regeneration capacity. Here, we review the molecular process of shoot induction in a two-step regeneration protocol and focus on the role of auxins and cytokinins. First, during incubation on an auxin-rich callus induction medium (CIM), organogenic callus is produced that exhibits characteristics of a root meristem. Subsequent incubation on a cytokinin-rich shoot induction medium (SIM) induces root to shoot conversion. Through a detailed analysis of the different aspects of shoot regeneration, we try to reveal hinge points and novel candidate genes that may be targeted to increase shoot regeneration capacity in order to improve transformation protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, V. Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: hans.motte@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motte
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, V. Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: danny.vereecke@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vereecke
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: danny.geelen@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geelen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, V. Vaerwyckweg 1, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: stefaan.werbrouck@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Werbrouck
mesh_terms: D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D063246:Organogenesis, Plant; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D018520:Plant Shoots; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators
keywords: Auxin; Cytokinin; Organogenesis; Tissue culture