title: Detecting maternal depression in a low-income country: comparison of the self-reporting questionnaire and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) against the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-phase design.
  
  
  METHODS
  664 mothers were approached, 601 of them completed the EPDS and SRQ questionnaires. The CIS-R was administered to confirm the diagnosis for depression. The diagnostic accuracy was compared using the receiver operating characteristic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the threshold of 11, the SRQ had better sensitivity, negative predictive values and positive predictive values compared with the EPDS optimal threshold of 14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both measures (EPDS and SRQ) have adequate validity to screen for depression in mothers in Pakistan. However, the SRQ performed better, with participants finding it easy to understand. The scales can be of great value to detect maternal depression in primary care and pediatric settings in low-income countries.
authors.affiliation: University of Manchester, 3rd Floor (East), Jean McFarlane Building, University Place, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL.
authors.forename: Nusrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Tayyeba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumra
authors.forename: Shehla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naeem Zafar
authors.forename: Raza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ur Rahman
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Meher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Moruf Lanrewaju
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Adelekan
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bashir Chaudhry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010154:Pakistan; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Edinburgh postnatal depression scale; culture; depression; developing countries; self-reporting questionnaire; validation studies