title: Effects of chin advancement surgery in hyoid bone and tongue positions and in the dimension of the oropharynx.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advancement genioplasty has been increasingly indicated for the correction of anterior mandibular deficiency as it balances the patient's profile and generates functional changes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of advancement genioplasty in the oropharyngeal size and in the position of the hyoid bone and tongue.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 22 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 11 individuals who had undergone advancement genioplasty alone. Eleven of these radiographs depicted the immediate preoperative period (T0) and the other 11 the postoperative period after at least four months (T1). The radiographs were scanned and exported to the Radiocef Studio 2.0® software (Radio Memory Ltda., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). The landmarks were then identified and automatically measured by the program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed statistically significant differences between the horizontal position of the hyoid bone and tongue and in the oropharyngeal size. The hyoid bone and tongue were repositioned anteriorly after surgery (p = 0.01), thereby increasing the dimension of the oropharyngeal airspace (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oropharyngeal dimension increased as the tongue base and hyoid bone were repositioned more anteriorly.
authors.forename: Milena Barreto de Arruda
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: André Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Telma Martins
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: Nilson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Rivail Almeida
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brandão Filho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D063172:Genioplasty; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D008875:Middle Aged; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D009929:Organ Size; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014059:Tongue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chin; Hyoid bone; Oropharynx; Orthognathic surgery; Tongue