title: Therapeutic efficacy of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles encapsulated ivermectin (nano-ivermectin) against brugian filariasis in experimental rodent model.
abstract: The present study reports on the antifilarial activity of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles encapsulated ivermectin (nano-IVM) against human lymphatic filariid Brugia malayi in rodent host Mastomys coucha. Nano-IVM was prepared and optimized by nanoprecipitation method. The selected nano-IVM (F5) showed a uniform spherical shape with 96 nm diameter and 74.12 % entrapment efficiency, and when used at a suboptimal dose of 100 μg/kg body weight, completely eliminated filarial parasites from systemic circulation on 60 days post-infection in animals inflicted with B. malayi. In contrast, the coadministration of nano-IVM (F5) along with standard filaricide diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was found to be competent enough to suppress microfilarial stage of parasites and successfully eliminated microfilaria at 45 days posttreatment. However, the free form of both the drugs alone or in combination was unable to impart such suppression and followed by recurrence of the infection. Interestingly, nano-IVM (F5) was also found to be effective against adult stage parasites causing 36.67 % worm mortality and 75.89 % in combination with DEC; however, female sterilization remain almost similar. Thus, the combination of entrapped IVM with DEC exhibited enhanced microfilaricidal and marginally better macrofilaricidal efficacy than any of the single formulation or drugs combination.
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Lab, Hamdard Nanobiotechnology Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Engineering & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard), New Delhi, 110062, India, mohd.ali.hamdard@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.forename: Meenakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Shailja Misra
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samim
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Abidin
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dinda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017178:Brugia malayi / Q000187:drug effects*; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005368:Filariasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D005369:Filaricides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008842:Microfilariae / Q000187:drug effects; D051189:Murinae; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D059208:Parasite Load; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol
chemical_list: D005369:Filaricides; D053769:Nanocapsules; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007559:Ivermectin; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine