title: Pediatric mechanical circulatory support.
abstract: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in the pediatric heart failure population has a limited history especially for infants, and neonates. It has been increasingly recognized that there is a rapidly expanding population of children diagnosed and living with heart failure. This expanding population has resulted in increasing numbers of children with medically resistant end-stage heart failure. The traditional therapy for these children has been heart transplantation. However, children with heart failure unlike adults do not have symptoms until they present with end-stage heart failure and therefore, cannot safely wait for transplantation. Many of these children were bridged to heart transplantation utilizing extracorporeal membranous oxygenation as a bridge to transplant which has yielded poor results. As such, industry, clinicians, and the government have refocused interest in developing increasing numbers of MCS options for children living with heart failure as a bridge to transplantation and as a chronic therapy. In this review, we discuss MCS options for short and long-term support that are currently available for infants and children with end-stage heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wilmot
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorts
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Surgery, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morales
keywords: Cardiac transplantation; Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation; Heart failure; Pediatric; Ventricular assist device