title: Overweight, obesity, and perception of body image among slum residents in Nairobi, Kenya, 2008-2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increase in cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa has been attributed in part to the changes in lifestyle, and the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease is higher among urban populations than among nonurban populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and examine perceptions of body size differentiated by sex and other determinants among slum dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis included 4,934 adults randomly selected from the Korogocho and Viwandani slums of Nairobi. Height and weight were measured during interviews; body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Perceptions of current and ideal body image were determined by using 18 silhouette drawings of body sizes ranging from very thin to very obese. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of underestimation of body weight among overweight and obese respondents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 43.4% of women and 17.3% of men in the study population were overweight or obese. More than half (53%) of those who were overweight or obese underestimated their weight; 34.6% of women and 16.9% of men did so. In all BMI categories, more than one-third of women and men preferred body sizes classified as overweight or obese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the strong preference for larger body size among adults in the slums of Nairobi. Interventions to educate residents on the health risks associated with excess body weight are necessary as a part of strategies to reduce the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in these settlements.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9. E-mail: remare.ettarh@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Remare
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ettarh
authors.affiliation: African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van de Vijver
authors.affiliation: African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oti
authors.affiliation: African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kyobutungi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult