title: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain CC-124 is highly sensitive to blue light in addition to green and red light in resetting its circadian clock, with the blue-light photoreceptor plant cryptochrome likely acting as negative modulator.
abstract: The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has long served as model organism for studies on the circadian clock. This clock is present in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes allowing them to anticipate and take advantage of the daily oscillations in the environment. Although much is known about the circadian clock in C. reinhardtii, the photoreceptors mediating entrainment of the clock to the daily changes of light remain obscure. Based on its circadian rhythm of phototaxis as a reporter of the clock's phase, we show here that C. reinhardtii strain CC-124 is highly sensitive to blue light of 440 nm when resetting its circadian clock upon light pulses. Thus, CC-124 differs in this respect from what was previously reported for a cell wall-deficient strain. An action spectrum analysis revealed that CC-124 also responds with high sensitivity to green (540 nm), red (640-660 nm), and possibly UV-A (≤400 nm) light, and therefore shows similarities as well to what has been reported for the cell wall-deficient strain. We also investigated two RNA interference strains with reductions in the level of the blue light photoreceptor plant cryptochrome (CPH1). One of them, the strain with the greater reduction, surprisingly showed an increased sensitivity in clock resetting upon blue light pulses of 440 nm. This increase in sensitivity reverted to wild-type levels when the RNA interference strain reverted to wild-type protein levels. It suggests that plant cryptochrome in C. reinhardtii could function as negative rather than positive modulator of circadian clock resetting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forbes-Stovall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
authors.forename: Claire A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rinehart
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA. Electronic address: sigrid.jacobshagen@wku.edu.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobshagen
mesh_terms: D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D057906:Circadian Clocks; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003116:Color; D056931:Cryptochromes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D056931:Cryptochromes
keywords: 1/24th of a circadian rhythm's free-running period; Blue light; CC-124; CT; CT unit; Chlamydomonas; Circadian clock; Cryptochrome; Entrainment; RNA interference; RNAi; Resetting; circadian time or time under free-running conditions with CT 0 denoting the start of subjective day and CT 12 the start of subjective night