title: [Impact of vitamin D in neurological diseases and neurorehabilitation: from dementia to multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of multiple sclerosis].
abstract: The world-wide incidence of vitamin D deficiency is high, independently of age. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disorder, occuring in those who possess or are exposed to a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. One of the environmental factors associated with the development is vitamin D. Vitamin D is an immunomodulatory agent, its role is verified in many of autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D inhibits IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 secretions which are crucial in Th1 and Th17 differentiation and also decreases proinflammatorical cytokine production. Moreover it enhances the immunosuppressive IL-10 cytokine secretion and inhibits the T-reg cell development. These cytokines and cells are essential for the pathomechanism of multiple sclerosis. Data have shown, that the vitamin D levels above 100 nmol/l (40 ng/ml) is essential for the prevention of multiple sclerosis. Below this level the vitamin D supplementation is reasonable. In pregnancy, the vitamin D deficiency at the last two semester increases the risk for the multiple sclerosis of the infant. The optimal vitamin D level for multiple sclerosis patients is 100-150 nmol/l (40-60 ng/ml). There is no consensus for the role of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis yet, but until the achieving this, the diagnosis and the treatment of the vitamin D deficiency is crucial for scelrosis multiplex patients and in cases of elevated risk. Data shows, that in patient with multiple sclerosis the normal vitamin D level is suboptimal, however the exact role of vitamin D and doses must be clarified by interventional studies.
authors.affiliation: Budai Irgalmasrendi Kórház (1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó út 54.) és Pálmai-Med Egészségügyi Központ. vitamindspeer@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Speer
mesh_terms: D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D