title: [Sonographic features and diagnostic analysis of breast granulomatous diseases: a report of 32 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the sonographic features of different pathological types of breast granulomatous diseases and analyze the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 32 patients with different pathological types of breast granulomatous diseases were recruited. Their clinical and sonographic findings were retrospectively reviewed. There were granulomatous mastitis (n = 12), breast xanthogranuloma (n = 5), lipogranuloma (n = 2), foreign body granuloma (n = 1) and nonspecific granulation hyperplasia (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on major sonographic appearances, they were divided into 4 patterns of tubular, mass, diffuse and cystic mass. In 12 patients with granulomatous mastitis and 12 patients with nonspecific granulation hyperplasia, the major sonographic appearance was of tubular pattern (n = 6, 5), followed by mass pattern (n = 4, 5) and diffuse pattern (n = 2, 2). Five patients with breast xanthogranuloma and 1 patient with foreign body granuloma all showed mass pattern. In 2 patients with lipogranuloma, one was of mass pattern and another cystic pattern. In patients with granulomatous mastitis and patients with nonspecific granulation hyperplasia, it showed a high diagnostic reliability of ultrasound. The ratio of inflammatory lesion as the first sonographic diagnosis was 10/12 and 8/12 respectively and ultrasonic BI-RADS 4b or above both only 1/12. However, the ratio of sonographic imaging in patients with xanthogranuloma and Lipogranuloma mimic breast cancer, in which ultrasonic score as breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 4b or above was 4/5 and 1/1 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound is valuable in evaluating the lesions in patients with granulomatous mastitis and nonspecific granulation hyperplasia. However a definite diagnosis is still dependent on histopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China. Email: ljh50078@sina.com.
authors.forename: Jiang-hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
authors.forename: Hai-ya
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
authors.forename: Ming-ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
authors.forename: Hai-shan
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
authors.forename: Jin-duo
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary