title: Associations between expiratory spirometry parameters and limitations in daily life activities in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study considered whether variability in respiratory functioning could explain the variability in walking ability of individuals with schizophrenia taking into account variability in body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors, psychiatric symptoms, antipsychotic medication use and muscular fitness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients with schizophrenia and 40 age-, gender- and BMI-matched controls underwent a spirometry and the 6-min walk test (6 MWT) and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Patients were additionally screened for psychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to health controls, patients with schizophrenia achieved a lower distance on the 6 MWT (583.6 ± 109.7 m versus 710.6 ± 108.4 m, P<.001) and had a lower forced vital capacity (3.7 ± 1.1 L versus 4.3 ± 0.9 L, P<.001) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (3.0 ± 1.0 L versus 3.6 ± 0.7 L, P<.001). In multiple regression analysis, 68.1% of the variance in walking distance was explained by FEV1, BMI, muscular fitness and total energy expenditure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The respiratory health of patients with schizophrenia should be of concern for clinicians. In addition, future research interventions should seek to investigate the impact of an impaired respiratory health upon individuals with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, KU Leuven Departement of Neurosciences, B-3070Kortenberg, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, B-3001Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: Davy.Vancampfort@uc-kortenberg.be.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancampfort
authors.affiliation: University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, KU Leuven Departement of Neurosciences, B-3070Kortenberg, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, B-3001Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich,Eltham, LondonSE9 2UG, UK.
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soundy
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, B-3001Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Herdt
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, B-3001Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Hert
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Physical activity; Schizophrenia; Spirometry; Walking