title: Neurologic disorders of mineral metabolism and parathyroid disease.
abstract: Disorders of mineral metabolism may cause neurologic manifestations of the central and peripheral nervous systems. This is because plasma calcium stabilizes excitable membranes in the nerve and muscle tissue, magnesium is predominantly intracellular and is required for activation of many intracellular enzymes, and extracellular magnesium affects synaptic transmission. This chapter reviews abnormalities in electrolytes and minerals which can be associated with several neuromuscular symptoms including neuromuscular irritability, mental status changes, cardiac and smooth muscle changes, etc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA. Electronic address: lily.agrawal@va.gov.
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Zeina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA; Endocrinology Section, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Emanuele
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals
keywords: Hypercalcemia; hypocalcemia; muscular; neurologic; parathyroid; vitamin D