title: In vivo measurement, in vitro estimation and fugacity prediction of PAH bioavailability in post-remediated creosote-contaminated soil.
abstract: In this study, PAH bioavailability was assessed in creosote-contaminated soil following bioremediation in order to determine potential human health exposure to residual PAHs from incidental soil ingestion. Following 1,000 days of enhanced natural attenuation (ENA), a residual PAH concentration of 871 ± 8 mg kg(-1) (∑16 USEPA priority PAHs in the <250 μm soil particle size fraction) was present in the soil. However, when bioavailability was assessed to elucidate potential human exposure using an in vivo mouse model, the upper-bound estimates of PAH absolute bioavailability were in excess of 65% irrespective of the molecular weight of the PAH. These results indicate that a significant proportion of the residual PAH fraction following ENA may be available for absorption following soil ingestion. In contrast, when PAH bioavailability was estimated/predicted using an in vitro surrogate assay (FOREhST assay) and fugacity modelling, PAH bioavailability was up to 2000 times lower compared to measured in vivo values depending on the methodology used.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. Electronic address: Albert.Juhasz@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: National Measurement Institute, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: National Measurement Institute, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slee
authors.affiliation: South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Gilles Plains, SA 5086, Australia.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gancarz
authors.affiliation: South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Gilles Plains, SA 5086, Australia.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rofe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Euan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003407:Creosote / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003407:Creosote
keywords: Benzo[a]pyrene; Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability; Bioremediation; Fugacity; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons