title: Withania somnifera ameliorates lead-induced augmentation of adrenergic response in rat portal vein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Present study was undertaken to elucidate the ameliorating potential of Withania somnifera root extract (WRE) against lead-induced augmentation of adrenergic response in rat portal vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-vitro studies were conducted on effect of lead alone and lead+WRE on rat-isolated portal vein while in-vivo studies were done in three groups of 12 rats each; Group-II and III received 0.5% lead acetate and 1.0% WRE + 0.5% lead acetate, respectively, in drinking water for 12 weeks whereas group-I served as control. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in brain and blood were determined by HPLC assay while vascular reactivity of portal vein to lead and WRE was determined by measuring the isometric tension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following in-vitro exposure, lead did not alter the contractile effect of phenylephrine. In-vivo studies revealed that contractile effect of lead on portal vein was significantly potentiated and it was antagonized by prazosin (10(-7) M) and WRE (1%). WRE treatment significantly reduced elevated blood noradrenaline (37.80%) and restored noradrenaline level in brain (39.39%) in lead-exposed animals. These values were almost comparable to the control group. But it failed to significantly affect the blood and brain adrenaline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that following pre-exposure of rats to WRE, lead-induced augmentation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors mediated response was reversed possibly by regulating catecholamine release from nerve endings. Thus, WRE may be useful in therapeutic management of lead-induced hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Subrata Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hore
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Abul Hasan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Satish Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D010656:Phenylephrine; D007854:Lead
keywords: Alpha1-adrenergic response; Withania somnifera; lead; portal vein; rat