title: Counter-current acid leaching process for the removal of Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn from shooting range soil.
abstract: This research explores the performance of a counter-current leaching process (CCLP) for Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn extraction in a polluted shooting range soil. The initial metal concentrations in the soil were 1790 mg Cu/kg, 48,300 mg Pb/kg, 840 mg Sb/kg and 368 mg Zn/kg. The leaching process consisted of five one-hour acid leaching steps, which used 1 M H2SO4 + 4 M NaCl (20 degrees C, soil suspension = 100 g/L) followed by two water rinsing steps. Ten counter-current remediation cycles were completed and the average metal removal yields were 98.3 +/- 0.3% of Cu, 99.5 +/- 0.1% of Pb, 75.5 +/- 5.1% of Sb and 29.1 +/- 27.2% of Zn. The quality of metal leaching did not deteriorate throughout the 10 remediation cycles completed for this study. The CCLP reduced acid and salt use by approximately 68% and reduced water consumption by approximately 60%, exceeding reductions achieved by a standard acid leaching process.
authors.affiliation: Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lafond
authors.affiliation: Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Blais
authors.affiliation: Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.affiliation: Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martel
mesh_terms: D003377:Countercurrent Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005389:Firearms; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants