title: Microplastics in Singapore's coastal mangrove ecosystems.
abstract: The prevalence of microplastics was studied in seven intertidal mangroves habitats of Singapore. Microplastics were extracted from mangrove sediments via a floatation method, and then counted and categorized according to particle shape and size. Representative microplastics from Berlayar Creek, Sungei Buloh, Pasir Ris and Lim Chu Kang were isolated for polymer identification using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Microplastics were identified in all seven habitats, with the highest concentration found in sediments at Lim Chu Kang in the northwest of Singapore. The majority of microplastics were fibrous and smaller than 20 μm. A total of four polymer types were identified, including polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon and polyvinyl chloride. The relationship between abundance of microplastics and sediment grain size was also investigated, but no relationship was apparent. The presence of microplastics is likely due to the degradation of marine plastic debris accumulating in the mangroves.
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-03, No. 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nur Hazimah Mohamed
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Nor
authors.affiliation: National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-03, No. 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore. Electronic address: jeff.obbard@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Jeffrey Philip
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Obbard
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D010969:Plastics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012846:Singapore; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: ATR–FTIR spectroscopy; Mangrove; Microplastic; Singapore