title: [Ecological behavior comparison between Anopheles pseudowillmori and A. willmori in villages with malaria outbreaks in Motuo County, Tibet Autonomous Region].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the ecological behaviors of Anopheles pseudowillmori and A. willmori in medium or high altitude areas of Motuo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, and their transmission potential for malaria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methods of human net traps, cow baited trap, house baited trap, pig baited trap and CDC light traps were adopted for investigating the mosquito density, biting activity at night and in or out door preference of biting. All mosquitoes morphologically identified as A. maculatus group were labeled in accordance with the capture time, place and method, and PCR were used to identify the species. The resting habits were investigated with the morning capture and daytime collecting methods, and the larvae collected in different wa- ter bodies were reared to adults to study the breeding place.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,053 A. maculatus group were collected, and of which, 331 (31.43%) were identified as A. pseudowillmori, and 722 (68.57%) as A. willmori. The number of A. willmori were higher than A. pseudowillmori in both outer and inner doors (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) , while no statistically significant difference was found of the constituent ratio of the anopheles between outer and inner doors. The multiparous ratios of A. pseudowillmori and A. willmori were 65.90% and 69.86%, respectively, (P > 0.05). The A. pseudowillmori preferred to biting outer doors (P < 0.05), while A. willmori preferred both outer and inner doors (P > 0.05). Both mosquitoes had one biting activity peak in the night, and the biting activity peak of A. willmori was from 21 to 22 o'clock, while the peak of A. pseudowillmori was from 24 to next morning 1 o' clock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the Anopheles, the constituent ratio and density of A. willmori are higher than those of A. pseudowillmori in semi-high altitudes area of Motuo County, Tibet, and there are obvious differences of ecological behaviors between A. willmori and A. pseudowillmori, and A. willmori has the more capacity of transmitting malaria than A. pseudowillmori.
authors.affiliation: School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, China.
authors.forename: Duo-quan
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
authors.forename: Guo-jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, China.
authors.forename: Wei-kang
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, China.
authors.forename: Shui-sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, China.
authors.forename: Lin-hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Linzhi Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tibet, China.
authors.forename: Hong-jiu
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Linzhi Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tibet, China.
authors.forename: Yang-jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhuoma
authors.affiliation: Motuo County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tibet, China
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.affiliation: Motuo County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tibet, China
authors.forename: Wang-mu
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ciren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004463:Ecology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D009032:Mosquito Control; D012423:Rural Health; D018609:Tibet / Q000453:epidemiology