title: Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy.
abstract: Because each nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging modality is sensitive to specific molecules or structures, multimodal NLO imaging capitalizes the potential of NLO microscopy for studies of complex biological tissues. The coupling of multiphoton fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) has allowed investigation of a broad range of biological questions concerning lipid metabolism, cancer development, cardiovascular disease, and skin biology. Moreover, recent research shows the great potential of using CARS microscope as a platform to develop more advanced NLO modalities such as electronic-resonance-enhanced four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, and pump-probe microscopy. This article reviews the various approaches developed for realization of multimodal NLO imaging as well as developments of new NLO modalities on a CARS microscope. Applications to various aspects of biological and biomedical research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors.forename: Mikhail N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Slipchenko
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
authors.forename: Ji-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Cheng
keywords: CARS; FWM; NLO microscopy; SHG; SRS; TPEF; biomedical; confocal Raman; multimodal; nanomaterial; photothermal; transient absorption