title: Real-time tracking of knee adduction moment in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The external knee adduction moment (EKAM) is closely associated with the presence, progression, and severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is a lack of convenient and practical method to estimate and track in real-time the EKAM of patients with knee OA for clinical evaluation and gait training, especially outside of gait laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  A real-time EKAM estimation method was developed and applied to track and investigate the EKAM and other knee moments during stepping on an elliptical trainer in both healthy subjects and a patient with knee OA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial changes were observed in the EKAM and other knee moments during stepping in the patient with knee OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to develop and test feasibility of real-time tracking method of the EKAM on patients with knee OA using 3-D inverse dynamics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides us an accurate and practical method to evaluate in real-time the critical EKAM associated with knee OA, which is expected to help us to diagnose and evaluate patients with knee OA and provide the patients with real-time EKAM feedback rehabilitation training.
authors.affiliation: Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. Electronic address: sanghoon.kang@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. Electronic address: Song-lee@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Song Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: l-zhang@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Biofeedback; Diagnosis; Knee adduction moment; Knee osteoarthritis (OA); Outcome evaluation; Real-time estimation