title: Zinc cross-linked hydroxamated alginates for pulsed drug release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alginates can be tailored chemically to improve solubility, physicochemical, and biological properties and its complexation with metal ion is useful for controlling the drug release.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synthesized N,O-dimethyl, N-methyl, or N-Benzyl hydroxylamine derivatives of sodium alginate were subsequently complexed with zinc to form beads. Hydroxamation of sodium alginate was confirmed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The synthesized polymeric material exhibited reduced aqueous, HCl and NaOH solubility. The hydroxamated derivatives demonstrated pulsed release where change in pH of the dissolution medium stimulated the atenolol release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atenolol loaded Zn cross-linked polymeric beads demonstrated the sustained the plasma drug levels with increased half-life. Although the synthesized derivatives greatly altered the aqueous solubility of sodium alginate, no significant differences in in vitro and in vivo atenolol release behavior amongst the N,O-dimethyl, N-methyl, or N-Benzyl hydroxylamine derivatives of sodium alginate were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Neha S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Prasad R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Milind J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Umekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nandkishor R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kotagale
keywords: Atenolol; hydroxylamine derivatives; metal-polymer cross-linked beads; pulsatile release; sodium alginate