title: The effect of montelukast and antiadhesion barrier solution on the capsule formation after insertion of silicone implants in a white rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Capsular contracture is one of the most severe complications that can occur in breast surgery following silicone implant insertion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of montelukast and antiadhesion barrier solution (AABS) on reducing capsular formation and their possible synergism.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (Reference No. KNU 2012-33) and was conducted in accordance with the Kyungpook National University - Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Animal Ethics Committee. The experiments in this study were conducted in vivo in 4 groups of 24 rats. Following silicone implant insertion, the pocket was injected with different agents. Group I (control group) was given normal saline injections into the pocket and fed with pure water. Group II was given injections of AABS and fed with pure water. Group III was given injections of normal saline and the medication montelukast during the experimental period. Group IV was given injections of AABS and montelukast as postoperative medication. Peri-implant capsules were excised after 8 weeks and were evaluated for transparency, inflammatory cell content, capsule thickness, collagen pattern and TGF-β expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The capsules in the experimental groups (i.e., groups II-IV) were significantly more transparent than those in group I (controls; p < 0.05, Student's t test). The mean capsule thickness of the experimental groups II (296 ± 14.76 μm), III (280 ± 14.77 μm) and IV (276 ± 39.28 μm) was smaller than that of the control group I (361 ± 35.43 μm). Compared to the control group, the histologic findings in the experimental groups suggested a decreased inflammatory response occurring in the peri-implant capsules as they exhibited minor vascularization and a reduced number of mast cells and macrophages. The collagen patterns in the experimental groups were of a lower density than in the control group with the former showing a loose, tidy collagen pattern. The amounts of TGF-β and collagen I were higher in the control group than in the experimental groups. Group IV (the synergic effect group) had a more pronounced effect on all the parameters examined than that in groups II and III with separate drug administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Montelukast and AABS reduced the thickness, the inflammatory cell infiltrate and the myofibroblast content of the peri-implant capsules around silicone implants in this white rat model. They lowered the expression of the fibrotic mediator, TGF-β, and inhibited the peri-implant capsular fibrosis. Therefore, montelukast and AABS are effective in the reduction of silicone-induced peri-implant capsular formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: J-D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: O-H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: B-C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: T-G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012996:Solutions; D013440:Sulfides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D011804:Quinolines; D012828:Silicones; D012996:Solutions; D013440:Sulfides; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003094:Collagen; C093875:montelukast