title: Phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need to improve the systemic treatment of advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Response rates to chemotherapy are poor and preliminary investigations of molecularly targeted agents have been disappointing. In this study, we evaluate sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, which has an attractive targeting profile for this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a single-arm phase II trial, patients with unresectable locally recurrent and/or metastatic ACC were treated with sorafenib 400 mg bid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients, median age 51 years, were recruited from 2009 to 2011. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 11.3 and 19.6 months, respectively. PFS at 6 and 12 months were 69.3% and 46.2%, respectively. Sorafenib was only reasonably well tolerated, and 13 patients (57%) experienced grade 3 toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sorafenib showed modest activity in ACC with a 12-month PFS of 46.2%. Sorafenib 400 mg bid was associated with significant toxicity and, taken together with limited effectiveness, cannot be enthusiastically recommended for further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Priyamal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonington
authors.forename: Soo K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Ric
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swindell
authors.forename: Jarrod
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Homer
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Lip W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Beng K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Slevin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000077157:Sorafenib
chemical_list: D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib
keywords: adenoid cystic carcinoma; sorafenib; trial