title: Subgroups associated with lower physical fitness in older adults with ID: results of the HA-ID study.
abstract: Although physical fitness is generally very low in older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), levels may differ across subgroups. It is important to identify which subgroups need to be targeted specifically in physical activity and fitness interventions and reference values. Physical fitness was measured with box-and-block-test, response-time-test, Berg-balance-scale, walking speed, grip strength, 30s-chair-stand, 10 m incremental-shuttle-walking test and the extended modified-back-saver-sit-and-reach-test in a large sample of older adults with ID (n=1050), and subgroups associated with lower physical fitness levels were identified applying multivariate linear regression analyses. Both fixed personal characteristics such as being older, being female, having more severe ID and having Down syndrome and modifiable or preventable factors such as physical activity levels, mobility impairments and a need of more intensive care, are independently associated with lower levels of multiple physical fitness components. This first study identifies subgroups of older adults with ID which require adapted reference values, and subgroups that need to be specifically targeted in fitness promotion programs.
authors.affiliation: Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Abrona, Amersfoortseweg 56, 3712 BE Huis ter Heide, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.hilgenkamp@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Thessa I M
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Hilgenkamp
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Wijck
authors.affiliation: Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Heleen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Evenhuis
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D004314:Down Syndrome; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010807:Physical Endurance; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Older adults; Physical fitness; Subgroup analysis