title: Cognitive performance in older adults is inversely associated with fish consumption but not erythrocyte membrane n-3 fatty acids.
abstract: Higher n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and fish intake may help maintain cognitive function in older age. However, evidence is inconsistent; few studies have examined the relation in cognitively healthy individuals across numerous cognitive domains, and none to our knowledge have considered lifetime fish intake. We examined associations between multiple domains of cognition and erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA proportions and historical and contemporary fish intake in 390 normal older adults, analyzing baseline data from the Older People, Omega-3, and Cognitive Health trial. We measured n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membranes, and we assessed historical and contemporary fish intake by food-frequency questionnaires. We assessed cognitive performance on reasoning, working memory, short-term memory, retrieval fluency, perceptual speed, simple/choice reaction time, speed of memory-scanning, reasoning speed, inhibition, and psychomotor speed. Cognitive outcomes for each construct were factor scores from confirmatory factor analysis. Multiple linear regression models controlled for a number of potential confounding factors, including age, education, sex, apolipoprotein E-ε 4 allele, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, socioeconomic variables, and other health-related variables. Higher erythrocyte membrane eicosapaentonoic acid proportions predicted slower perceptual and reasoning speed in females, which was attenuated once current fish intake was controlled. No other associations were present between n-3 PUFA proportions and cognitive performance. Higher current fish consumption predicted worse performance on several cognitive speed constructs. Greater fish consumption in childhood predicted slower perceptual speed and simple/choice reaction time. We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that higher proportions of long-chain n-3 fatty acids or fish intake benefits cognitive performance in normal older adults.
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Preventative Health Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danthiir
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hosking
authors.forename: Nicholas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Carlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nettelbeck
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calvaresi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wittert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3