title: C allele of the rs2209972 single nucleotide polymorphism of the insulin degrading enzyme gene and Alzheimer's disease in type 2 diabetes, a case control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the last few decades we have witnessed an interesting transformation of the population pyramids throughout the world. As the population's life expectancy increases, there are more chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and dementias, and both of them have shown an association.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between Alzheimer's disease in diabetic patients and the insulin degrading enzyme in outpatients of a second level Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case control study in which we included outpatients from the Geriatrics Clinic of a Hospital in Northeastern Mexico. Cases were patients with a Mini Mental Score Exam (MMSE) below 24 and DSM-IV criteria for Dementia. Controls were patients who had MMSE scores greater than 24.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 97 patients were analyzed. Regarding physical examination and the results of laboratory tests, there were no differences between the two groups (p>0.05). A 98% prevalence of the insulin degrading enzyme was documented in the sample studied. We found an association between a homozygous status for the CC genotype and Dementia with an estimated Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.5 (CI 95% 1.6-3.3) on the bivariate test, while, on the multivariate analysis, the OR was estimated 3.3 (CI 95% 1.3-8.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence shows that cognitive impairment is more frequent among those exposed to the C allele of the rs2209972 SNP of the insulin degrading enzyme gene.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geriatría, UMAE 1 CMN del Bajío, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital Aranda de la Parra, León, Guanajuato, Mexico. Electronic address: hugocus@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Hermosillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geriatría, UMAE 21 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Díaz De León-González
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palacios-Corona
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier Armando
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cedillo-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Nutrición-FAMEN, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Abelardo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho-Luis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Nutrición-FAMEN, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miguel Arturo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reyes-Romero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geriatría, UMAE 1 CMN del Bajío, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital Aranda de la Parra, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Humberto
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Medina-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University, El Paso, TX, United States of America.
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Blandón
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007339:Insulysin / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D010045:Outpatients; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D007339:Insulysin
keywords: Alzheimer’ disease; Ancianos; Demencia; Dementia; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Elderly; Enfermedad de Alzheimer; Enzima degradadora de insulina; Insulin degrading enzyme; Type 2 diabetes mellitus