title: Cardiomyocyte sensor responsive to changes in physical and chemical environments.
abstract: Conventional cardiac physiology experiments investigate in vitro beat frequency using cells isolated from adult or neonatal rat hearts. In this study, we show that various cantilever shapes and drug treatments alter cardiomyocyte contraction force in vitro. Four types of cantilevers were used to compare the contractile forces: flat, peg patterned, grooved, and peg and grooved. Contraction force was represented as bending deflection of the cantilever end. The deflections of the flat, peg patterned, grooved, and peg and grooved cantilevers were 24.2 nN, 41.6 nN, 121 nN, and 134.2 nN, respectively. We quantified the effect of drug treatments on cardiomyocyte contractile forces on the grooved cantilever using Digoxin, Isoproterenol, and BayK8644, all of which increase contractile force, and Verapamil, which decreases contractile force. The cardiomyocyte contractile force without drugs decreased 8 days after culture initiation. Thus, we applied Digoxin, Isoproterenol, and BayK8644 at day 8, and Verapamil at day 5. Digoxin, Isoproterenol, and BayK8644 increased the cardiomyocyte contractile forces by 19.31%, 9.75%, and 23.81%, respectively. Verapamil decreased the contraction force by 48.06%. In summary, contraction force changes in response to adhesion surface topology and various types of drug treatments. We observed these changes by monitoring cell alignment, adhesion, morphology, and bending displacement with cantilever sensors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyowon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Boo Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zi Eun
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungyul
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jinseok@kist.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jinseok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004077:Digoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D004077:Digoxin; D007545:Isoproterenol
keywords: Cardiac contraction force; Cardiomyocyte sensor; PDMS cantilever