title: Entropy-guided end-tidal desflurane concentration during living donor liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The three phases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) represent different liver conditions. The aim is to study the required end-tidal desflurane concentration (ET-Des) guided with entropy monitoring for the depth of anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the Ethics and Research Committee approval, 40 patients were included in this prospective study. Anesthesia was maintained with Desflurane-O2-air. State entropy (SE) and Response entropy (RE) were kept between 40 and 60.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score were 45±10 years and 15.43±3.92, respectively. ET-Des were significantly lower in the anhepatic phase (2.8±0.4%) than in the pre-anhepatic and neohepatic phases (3.3±0.3%, 3.47±0.3%, respectively, P<0.001). The SE and RE for pre-anhepatic, anhepatic, and neohepatic phases were (45.6±3.7, 47.4±3.2), (44.7±2.1, 46.4±2.04), and (46.1±3.3, 47.9±3.3), respectively, with no significant changes between the phases, P > 0.05. Total operative time was 651±88 minutes, and for each phase it was 276±11, 195±55, and 191±24 minutes, respectively. Significant changes were found in hemoglobin g/dl and hematocrit % between the three phases (10.28±1.5, 30.48±4.3), (9.45±1.34, 28.36±4.1), and (8.88±1.1, 26.63±3.5), P<0.05. The heart rate and mean blood pressures were stable despite the cardiac index demonstrated a significant reduction during the anhepatic phase (2.99±0.22) when compared to the pre-anhepatic and neohepatic phases (3.60±0.29) and (4.72±0.32), respectively, (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between CI and ET-Des% (r=0.604, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhalational anesthetic requirements differed from one phase to another during LDLT, with requirements being the least during the anhepatic phase. Monitoring of the anesthesia depth was required, to avoid excess administration, which could compromise the hemodynamics before the critical time of reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and ICU, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hasanin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and ICU, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fatma M A
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and ICU, National Liver Institute, Menofia University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yassen
keywords: Desflurane; end tidal; entropy; liver transplantation