title: Oxidative stress may be involved in distant organ failure in tourniquet shock model mice.
abstract: Crush syndrome is characterized by prolonged shock resulting from extensive muscle damage and multiple organ failure. However, the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure has not yet been completely elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the molecular biological and histopathological aspects of distant organ injury in crush syndrome by using tourniquet shock model mice. DNA microarray analysis of the soleus muscle showed an increase in the mRNA levels of Cox-2, Hsp70, c-fos, and IL-6, at 3h after ischemia/reperfusion injury at the lower extremity. In vivo staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) showed edema and degeneration in the soleus muscle, but no change in the distant organs. Immunohistological staining of the HSP70 protein revealed nuclear translocation in the soleus muscle, kidney, liver, and lung. The c-fos mRNA levels were elevated in the soleus muscle, kidney, and liver, displaying nuclear translocation of c-FOS protein. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis suggested the involvement of apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the soleus muscle. Apoptotic cells were not found in greater quantities in the kidney. Oxidative stress, as determined using a free radical elective evaluator (d-ROM test), markedly increased after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, examination of immunohistological changes and determination of oxidative stress are proposed to be useful in evaluating the extent of tourniquet shock, even before changes are observed by HE staining.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Electronic address: nishi-ri@fmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishikata
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Naho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraiwa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003444:Crush Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D023421:Models, Animal; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014111:Tourniquets; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Crush syndrome; Distant organ failure; Oxidative stress; Tourniquet shock