title: Regulated aggregative multicellularity in a close unicellular relative of metazoa.
abstract: The evolution of metazoans from their unicellular ancestors was one of the most important events in the history of life. However, the cellular and genetic changes that ultimately led to the evolution of multicellularity are not known. In this study, we describe an aggregative multicellular stage in the protist Capsaspora owczarzaki, a close unicellular relative of metazoans. Remarkably, transition to the aggregative stage is associated with significant upregulation of orthologs of genes known to establish multicellularity and tissue architecture in metazoans. We further observe transitions in regulated alternative splicing during the C. owczarzaki life cycle, including the deployment of an exon network associated with signaling, a feature of splicing regulation so far only observed in metazoans. Our results reveal the existence of a highly regulated aggregative stage in C. owczarzaki and further suggest that features of aggregative behavior in an ancestral protist may had been co-opted to develop some multicellular properties currently seen in metazoans. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01287.001.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Genomics and Evolution, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Arnau
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebé-Pedrós
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irimia
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Campo
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parra-Acero
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Russ
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nusbaum
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Blencowe
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Trillo
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000656:Amoeba / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D010802:Phylogeny; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Capsaspora; alternative splicing; cell differentiation; evolutionary transitions; opisthokonts