title: Increased concentrations of apo A-I and apo A-II fragments in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by magnetic beads-assisted MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent advances in sophisticated technologies in proteomics should provide promising ways to discover novel markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the early diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum peptide and protein profiling was conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Profiling was carried out in a training set of 16 patients with HCC and a testing set of 15 patients with cirrhosis without HCC. All the patients were hepatitis C virus positive. Candidate peaks were processed to partial purification, followed by protein identification by amino acid sequence analysis. Immunoprecipitation was conducted to confirm the protein identity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial purification and protein identification revealed that one peak that was up-regulated in HCC sera both in the training and the testing sets was a fragment of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). Immunoprecipitation confirmed this result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that apo A-I is a potential novel serum marker of HCC. Combination of these pretreatments and the current magnet bead-assisted MALDI-TOF MS will further enhance the efficiency of biomarker discovery for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Genetic and Proteomics, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; fnomura@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sogawa
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunaga
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazami
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nomura
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008280:Magnetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments
keywords: Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoprotein A-II; Hepatocellular carcinoma; MALDI-TOF MS