title: The effect of bedding system selected by manual muscle testing on sleep-related cardiovascular functions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different types of mattresses affect sleep quality and waking muscle power. Whether manual muscle testing (MMT) predicts the cardiovascular effects of the bedding system was explored using ten healthy young men.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each participant, two bedding systems, one inducing the strongest limb muscle force (strong bedding system) and the other inducing the weakest limb force (weak bedding system), were identified using MMT. Each bedding system, in total five mattresses and eight pillows of different firmness, was used for two continuous weeks at the participant's home in a random and double-blind sequence. A sleep log, a questionnaire, and a polysomnography were used to differentiate the two bedding systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart rate variability and arterial pressure variability analyses showed that the strong bedding system resulted in decreased cardiovascular sympathetic modulation, increased cardiac vagal activity, and increased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity during sleep as compared to the weak bedding system. Different bedding systems have distinct cardiovascular effects during sleep that can be predicted by MMT.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No. 145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., Taipei 103, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Terry B J
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No. 145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., Taipei 103, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheryl C H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D001513:Beds; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires