title: Evaluation of cortical processing of language by use of positron emission tomography in hearing loss children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To predict cochlear implant efficacy and investigate the cortical processing of the visual component of language in profoundly deafened patients with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.
  The cortical activity of two children with CMV-related hearing loss was evaluated with fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) with a visual language task before cochlear implantation. Total development and auditory perception ability were assessed one year after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two children with CMV-related hearing loss showed activation in the auditory association area where no activation was found in the controls, and exhibited nearly identical cortical activation patterns to those seen in patients with profound congenital hearing loss. In contrast, differences in total development in verbal ability and discrimination of sentences between the two cases were revealed one year after implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results might indicate that the differences of cortical activities according to hearing abilities could have been influenced by CMV infection that involves higher function of the brain directly and/or affects the cochlea peripherally. Additionally, if CMV infection might have affected only the cochlea, these cortical activation patterns were influenced secondary by the time course of hearing loss characterized by CMV infection, which had varied manifestations. Accurate diagnosis and cochlear implantation at the appropriate time are important for successful speech development, and each patient needs a personalized habilitation program based on their etiology and brain function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moteki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Positron Imaging Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.affiliation: Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. Electronic address: usami@shinshu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usami
mesh_terms: D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000382:microbiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000382:microbiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: CMV; FDG-PET; Hearing loss; Visual language task