title: Immigration policy and internationally educated nurses in the United States: A brief history.
abstract: Since the 1980s, U.S. policy makers have used immigration policy to influence the supply of nurses by allowing or restricting the entry of internationally educated nurses (IENs) into the U.S. workforce. The methods pursued have shifted over time from temporary visa categories in the 1980s and 1990s to permanent immigrant visas in the 2000s. The impact of policy measures adopted during nursing shortages has often been blunted by political and economic events, but the number and representation of IENs in the U.S. nursing workforce has increased substantially since the 1980s. Even as the United States seeks to increase domestic production of nurses, it remains a desirable destination for IENs and a target market for nurse-producing source countries. Hiring organizations and nurse leaders play a critical role in ensuring that the hiring and integration of IENs into U.S. health care organizations is constructive for nurses, source countries, and the U.S. health care system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Management and Leadership, The George Washington University, Washington, DC. Electronic address: lmasselink@gwu.edu.
authors.forename: Leah E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Masselink
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Cheryl B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D064700:Nurses, International; D009729:Nursing; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Immigration; International educated nurses; Policy