title: An innovative team-based stop smoking competition among Māori and Pacific Island smokers: rationale and method for the study and its evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Māori and Pacific Island people have significantly higher smoking rates compared to the rest of the New Zealand population. The main aim of this paper is to describe how knowledge of Indigenous people's practices and principles can be combined with proven effective smoking cessation support into a cessation intervention appropriate for Indigenous people.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted to identify what cultural principles and practices could be used to increase salience, and what competition elements could have an impact on efficacy of smoking cessation. The identified elements were incorporated into the design of a cessation intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultural practices incorporated into the intervention include having a holistic family or group-centred focus, inter-group competitiveness, fundraising and ritual pledging. Competition elements included are social support, pharmacotherapy use, cash prize incentives and the use of a dedicated website and iPad application. A pre-test post-test will be combined with process evaluation to evaluate if the competition results in triggering mass-quitting, utilisation of pharmacotherapy and in increasing sustained smoking cessation and to get a comprehensive understanding of the way in which they contribute to the effect. The present study is the first to describe how knowledge about cultural practices and principles can be combined with proven cessation support into a smoking cessation contest. The findings from this study are promising and further more rigorous testing is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tobacco Control Research, Social and Community Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. m.glover@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Marewa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagemakers
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kira
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cowie
mesh_terms: D003163:Competitive Behavior; D003469:Culture; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support