title: Measurement of intercellular transfer to signaling endosomes.
abstract: Cell-cell communication is essential for an abundance of physiological processes. As such, various mechanisms have evolved to regulate and ensure proper cell-to-cell signaling. Recently, a novel mechanism of cell communication has emerged which involves the physical transfer of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. Following this process termed intercellular transfer (ICT), the transferred molecules can signal within recipient cells by entering the endosomal system and trafficking to signaling endosomes. Signaling endosomes can modulate signal localization within the cell as well as the specificity of, and cross talk between, signaling pathways. As such, ICT into signaling endosomes has the potential to modify the signaling profile of the recipient cell. In this chapter, we describe the different methods of ICT as well as how transfer to signaling endosomes can be visualized and quantified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Kristopher D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Marjon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Electronic address: JGillette@salud.unm.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gillette
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002450:Cell Communication; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011992:Endosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D009696:Nucleic Acids; D011506:Proteins
keywords: APPL; Endosomes; Exosomes; Fluorescence techniques; Intercellular transfer; SARA; Signaling