title: New prospects on the NKG2D/NKG2DL system for oncology.
abstract: The activating immunoreceptor NKG2D endows cytotoxic lymphocytes with the capacity to recognize and eliminate infected or malignant cells. The recognition of such harmful cells is enabled by binding of NKG2D to various MHC class I-related glycoproteins, which are upregulated in the course of viral infection or malignant transformation. The past years have witnessed substantial progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) by malignant cells, of tumor-associated countermeasures promoting escape from NKG2D-dependent immunosurveillance, and of therapeutic measures that may bolster the NKG2D/NKG2DL system against malignancies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the NKG2D/NKG2DL system and outline opportunities to exploit the tumoricidal function of NKG2D for anticancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell and Gene Therapy; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; Institute for Biomedical Research: Georg-Speyer-Haus; NK Cell Biology; Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Innate Immunity Group; Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Adelheid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cerwenka
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine; Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinle
keywords: MIC; NK cell; NKG2D; Rae; T cell; ULBP; immune escape; tumor immunology