title: Health-related quality of life and metabolic risk in patients with psychosis.
abstract: Improved Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an alternative treatment goal for individuals with psychosis, who have up to two times greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity than the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to compare HRQoL in patients with psychosis, especially schizophrenia, with a reference sample and explore the relationship between HRQoL and metabolic risk factors in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  a prospective cohort study was carried out in specialized psychiatric outpatient departments in Sweden. The patients were invited consecutively. A prospective population-based study of public health in the south-east of Sweden served as reference group. Patients were assessed with psychiatric questionnaires that included Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Health-related quality of life was assessed using the questionnaire EQ5D, both for patients and the population, and several other health status outcomes were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 73%, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were the most common diagnoses in the patient group. The results in patients (n=903) and population (n=7238) showed significant differences in lower EQ5D among patients. According to the definition by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), elevated blood pressure was the only metabolic risk associated with lower HRQoL in patients. Raised LDL-cholesterol levels were also significantly related to lower HRQoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  patients suffering from psychosis had significantly lower HRQoL regarding all components in EQ5D, except for the pain/discomfort component. Almost half of the patient group met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. According to the IDF criteria, elevated blood pressure was the only metabolic risk factor that had an impact on HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden; R&D Department, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: anniqa.foldemo@liu.se.
authors.forename: Anniqa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foldemo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rikard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wärdig
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachrach-Lindström
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tiohundra AB, Norrtälje, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tiohundra AB, Norrtälje, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valter
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, Tiohundra AB, Norrtälje, Sweden.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Osby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Health-related quality of life; Metabolic syndrome; Reference group; Schizophrenia