title: Neurologic complications of acute and chronic renal disease.
abstract: There is an increasing incidence and prevalence of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Western industrialized countries and currently is estimated at approximately 10% of adults aged over 20 years. Renal failure causes an excessively increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications. Moreover, renal failure leads to a number of the neurologic symptoms neurologists are often confronted with. This chapter gives an overview of possible neurologic complications of acute renal failure and CKD. Complications of the central nervous system (e.g., uremic encephalopathy, disequilibrium syndrome, and drug induced disorders) are reviewed. It has long been known that uremia leads to peripheral nerve injury. Frequent neurological diseases such as uremic polyneuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and a range of mononeuropathies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: St. Franziskus Hospital Muenster, Department of Nephrology, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Baumgaertel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Alfried-Krupp-Hospital, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Alfried-Krupp-Hospital, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Peter.berlit@krupp-krankenhaus.de.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berlit
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Uremia; asterixis; carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS); chronic kidney disease (CKD); dialysis; encephalopathy; metabolic coma; myopathy; polyneuropathy; restless legs syndrome (RLS)