title: Gluconobacter cerevisiae sp. nov., isolated from the brewery environment.
abstract: Three strains, LMG 27748(T), LMG 27749 and LMG 27882 with identical MALDI-TOF mass spectra were isolated from samples taken from the brewery environment. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain LMG 27748(T) revealed that the taxon it represents was closely related to type strains of the species Gluconobacter albidus (100 % sequence similarity), Gluconobacter kondonii (99.9 %), Gluconobacter sphaericus (99.9 %) and Gluconobacter kanchanaburiensis (99.5 %). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments on the type strains of these species revealed moderate DNA relatedness values (39-65 %). The three strains used d-fructose, d-sorbitol, meso-erythritol, glycerol, l-sorbose, ethanol (weakly), sucrose and raffinose as a sole carbon source for growth (weak growth on the latter two carbon sources was obtained for strains LMG 27748(T) and LMG 27882). The strains were unable to grow on glucose-yeast extract medium at 37 °C. They produced acid from meso-erythritol and sucrose, but not from raffinose. d-Gluconic acid, 2-keto-d-gluconic acid and 5-keto-d-gluconic acid were produced from d-glucose, but not 2,5-diketo-d-gluconic acid. These genotypic and phenotypic characteristics distinguish strains LMG 27748(T), LMG 27749 and LMG 27882 from species of the genus Gluconobacter with validly published names and, therefore, we propose classifying them formally as representatives of a novel species, Gluconobacter cerevisiae sp. nov., with LMG 27748(T) ( = DSM 27644(T)) as the type strain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Freek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spitaels
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Brewing, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.|Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anneleen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wieme
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balzarini
authors.affiliation: BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cleenwerck
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Brewing, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Landschoot
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Vuyst
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandamme
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D001515:Beer / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry; D020576:Gluconobacter / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005942:Gluconates; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S