title: Radiation burden from secondary doses to patients undergoing radiation therapy with photons and light ions and radiation doses from imaging modalities.
abstract: Ionising radiation is increasingly used for the treatment of cancer, being the source of a considerable fraction of the medical irradiation to patients. With the increasing success rate of cancer treatments and longer life expectancy of the treated patients, the issue of secondary cancer incidence is of growing concern, especially for paediatric patients who may live long after the treatment and be more susceptible to carcinogenesis. Also, additional imaging procedures like computed tomography, kilovoltage and megavoltage imaging and positron emission tomography, alone or in conjunction with radiation therapy, may add to the radiation burden associated with the risk of occurrence of secondary cancers. This work has been based on literature studies and is focussed on the assessment of secondary doses to healthy tissues that are delivered by the use of modern radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging modalities in the clinical environment.
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Box 260, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden irena.gudowska@ki.se.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gudowska
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Box 260, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ardenfors
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Box 260, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toma-Dasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping University, Linköping 581 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dasu
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D020450:Heavy Ions / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000009:adverse effects; D011522:Protons / Q000009:adverse effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011522:Protons