title: Strategies for in situ laser heating in the diamond anvil cell at an X-ray diffraction beamline.
abstract: An overview of several innovations regarding in situ laser-heating techniques in the diamond anvil cell at the high-pressure beamline ID27 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is presented. Pyrometry measurements have been adapted to allow simultaneous double-sided temperature measurements with the installation of two additional online laser systems: a CO2 and a pulsed Nd:YAG laser system. This reiteration of laser-heating advancements at ID27 is designed to pave the way for a new generation of state-of-the-art experiments that demand the need for synchrotron diffraction techniques. Experimental examples are provided for each major development. The capabilities of the double pyrometer have been tested with the Nd:YAG continuous-wave lasers but also in a time-resolved configuration using the nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser on a Fe sample up to 180 GPa and 2900 K. The combination of time-resolved X-ray diffraction with in situ CO2 laser heating is shown with the crystallization of a high-pressure phase of the naturally found pyrite mineral MnS2 (11 GPa, 1100-1650 K).
authors.affiliation: ID27, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petitgirard
authors.affiliation: ID27, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salamat
authors.affiliation: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planetologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 414 rue de la Piscine, 38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), DPTA, 91680 Bruyères le Châtel, France.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weck
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Materiaux et du Genie Physique, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, 3 parvis Louis Neel, F-38016 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouvier
keywords: CO2 laser; ID27 beamline; Nd:YAG pulsed laser; diamond anvil cell; laser heating