title: (1)H NMR spectroscopy for profiling complex carbohydrate mixtures in non-fractionated beer.
abstract: A plethora of biological and biotechnological processes involve the enzymatic remodelling of carbohydrates in complex mixtures whose compositions affect both the processes and products. In the current study, we employed high-resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of cereal-derived carbohydrate mixtures as exemplified on six beer samples of different styles. Structural assignments of more than 50 carbohydrate moieties were obtained using (1)H1-(1)H2 groups as structural reporters. Spectroscopically resolved carbohydrates include more than ''20 different'' small carbohydrates with more than 38 isomeric forms in addition to cereal polysaccharide fragments with suspected organoleptic and prebiotic function. Structural motifs at the cleavage sites of starch, β-glucan and arabinoxylan fragments were identified, showing different extent and specificity of enzymatic polysaccharide cleavage during the production of different beer samples. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy supplied independent size information for the characterisation and identification of polysaccharide fragments, indicating the presence especially of high molecular weight arabinoxylan fragments in the final beer.
authors.affiliation: Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bent O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Faculty of Science, Dept. of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.affiliation: Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bøjstrup
authors.affiliation: Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hindsgaul
authors.affiliation: Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark. Electronic address: sebastian.meier@carlsberglab.dk.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates
keywords: Carbohydrates; Dietary fibre; High-resolution spectroscopy; Limit dextrins; Mixture analysis; NMR profiling