title: Tissue kallikrein preventing the restenosis after stenting of symptomatic MCA atherosclerotic stenosis (KPRASS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many recent studies suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system play a protective role in the impairment of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cell.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to determine whether tissue kallikrein is efficacy for preventing the long-term in-stent restenosis after stenting of symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery M1 segment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a Phase II, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial. In line with SAMMPRIS stenting indications, patients (n = 90) with the symptomatic the middle cerebral artery M1 segment stenosis ≥ 70% and successfully treated with stent will be enrolled. Eligible patients will be randomized using computer generated numbers, and allocated to receive tissue kallikrein treatment or not. Patients in tissue kallikrein treatment group will be prescribed with intravenous infusion of tissue kallikrein (0.15 PNAU/d, dissolved in 100 ml saline) for 7 days after stenting and then oral administration of pancreatic kallikrein enteric-coated tablet (240 U, 3/d) to the end of study. As the foundation treatment, all the enrolled patients will receive aspirin (100 mg/d), clopidogrel (75 mg/d), and atorvastatin (20 mg/d) for the first 6 months and continue with the combination of aspirin and atorvastatin at the previous dosage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients will be evaluated at 1, 6 and 12 months after stenting. The primary outcomes are the in-stent restenosis rate, new stroke or aggravation of the previous ischemic stroke ipsilateral to the severe stenotic artery. Secondary outcomes include stroke of other artery territories, myocardial infarction and vascular death. Modification of stroke knowledge, exercise and diet habit, smoking cessation and available laboratory data will also be recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As our pilot study, tissue kallikrein would be expected to prevent the long-term in-stent restenosis after stenting of the symptomatic middle cerebral artery dramatically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Wenya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhuangli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Gelin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Minmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xinfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Renliang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D020840:Tissue Kallikreins
keywords: atherosclerotic stenosis; in-stent restenosis; ischemic stroke; the middle cerebral artery; tissue kallikrein