title: β-Amyloid precursor protein staining of the brain in sudden infant and early childhood death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate a scoring method for assessing β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) staining in cerebral white matter and to investigate the occurrence, amount and deposition pattern based on the cause of death in infants and young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archival cerebral tissue was examined from a total of 176 cases (0 to 3 years of age). Each of the APP-stained sections was graded according to a simple scoring system based on the number and type of changes in eight anatomical regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination of the sections revealed some degree of APP staining in 95% of the cases. The highest mean APP scores were found in cases of head trauma, and the lowest scores were found in the cases of drowning. APP staining, although sometimes minimal, was found in all 48 cases of and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Patterns of APP staining (the amount and distribution) were different in cases of head trauma, infection and SIDS but were similar in the SIDS and asphyxia groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the use of an integrated scoring system that was developed to assess APP staining in the brain. APP staining was seen in a high proportion of cases, including relatively sudden deaths. The amount of APP was significantly higher in cases of trauma than in nontraumatic deaths. However, APP was detected within all groups. The pattern of APP staining was similar in infants who had died of SIDS and from mechanical asphyxia.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; The Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisbeth Lund
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Jytte
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Banner
authors.forename: Benedicte Parm
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ulhøi
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Byard
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
keywords: APP; SIDS; head trauma; immunohistochemistry; sudden infant death; β-APP