title: Sleep-related declarative memory consolidation and verbal replay during sleep talking in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if sleep talkers with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) would utter during REM sleep sentences learned before sleep, and to evaluate their verbal memory consolidation during sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with RBD and 10 controls performed two verbal memory tasks (16 words from the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test and a 220-263 word long modified Story Recall Test) in the evening, followed by nocturnal video-polysomnography and morning recall (night-time consolidation). In 9 patients with RBD, daytime consolidation (morning learning/recall, evening recall) was also evaluated with the modified Story Recall Test in a cross-over order. Two RBD patients with dementia were studied separately. Sleep talking was recorded using video-polysomnography, and the utterances were compared to the studied texts by two external judges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep-related verbal memory consolidation was maintained in patients with RBD (+24±36% words) as in controls (+9±18%, p=0.3). The two demented patients with RBD also exhibited excellent nighttime consolidation. The post-sleep performance was unrelated to the sleep measures (including continuity, stages, fragmentation and apnea-hypopnea index). Daytime consolidation (-9±19%) was worse than night-time consolidation (+29±45%, p=0.03) in the subgroup of 9 patients with RBD. Eleven patients with RBD spoke during REM sleep and pronounced a median of 20 words, which represented 0.0003% of sleep with spoken language. A single patient uttered a sentence that was judged to be semantically (but not literally) related to the text learned before sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verbal declarative memory normally consolidates during sleep in patients with RBD. The incorporation of learned material within REM sleep-associated sleep talking in one patient (unbeknownst to himself) at the semantic level suggests a replay at a highly cognitive creative level.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Cerveau-Moelle épinière, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité 975, Pierre and Marie Curie University ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unités mixtes de recherches 975, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Unités mixtes de recherche 7225, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ginevra
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uguccioni
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Cerveau-Moelle épinière, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité 975, Pierre and Marie Curie University ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unités mixtes de recherches 975, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Unités mixtes de recherche 7225, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pallanca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, ER4, Paris 6 University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Golmard
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Cerveau-Moelle épinière, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité 975, Pierre and Marie Curie University ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unités mixtes de recherches 975, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Unités mixtes de recherche 7225, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dodet
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Cerveau-Moelle épinière, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité 975, Pierre and Marie Curie University ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unités mixtes de recherches 975, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Unités mixtes de recherche 7225, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Bastien
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herlin
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Cerveau-Moelle épinière, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité 975, Pierre and Marie Curie University ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unités mixtes de recherches 975, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Unités mixtes de recherche 7225, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Smaranda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leu-Semenescu
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Cerveau-Moelle épinière, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité 975, Pierre and Marie Curie University ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unités mixtes de recherches 975, Centre national de la recherche scientifique Unités mixtes de recherche 7225, Paris, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Unité 975, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arnulf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020922:Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*