title: Cancer death is related to high palmitoleic acid in serum and to polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene in healthy Swedish men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or a high ratio of MUFAs to saturated fatty acids in plasma, reflecting a high activity of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), has been shown to be related to cancer death and incidence in some studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study whether the serum cholesteryl ester proportion of palmitoleic acid [16:1n-7 (16:1ω-3)] and the ratio of palmitoleic to palmitic acid (16:1n-7/16:0), as an estimation of the activity of SCD-1, are related to cancer death and to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene are related to cancer mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based cohort of 50-y-old men was followed for a maximum of >40 y. Survival analysis was used to relate fatty acid composition in serum, analyzed at baseline by gas-liquid chromatography (n = 1981), and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene (n = 986) to cancer death. A 7-d dietary record was completed at age 70 y (n = 880).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of 16:1n-7 and the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 were associated with cancer mortality during follow-up in a comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of 16:1n-7 (adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.82). Inherited variance of the SCD-1 gene seemed to be related to cancer death, especially among men with a low proportion of PUFA in the diet in a comparison of the highest with the lowest weighted genetic risk score (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that there is an association between endogenously synthesized MUFAs and cancer death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences/Orthopaedics (LB, EWL, and KM); the Departments of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics (LK) and Public Health and Caring Sciences/Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (BV), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and the National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden (EWL).
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Byberg
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kilander
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Warensjö Lemming
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michaëlsson
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vessby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D002648:Child; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C008757:palmitoleic acid; C523776:SCD1 protein, human; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase