title: Efficacy and safety of midazolam for sedation in pediatric dentistry: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacological management of uncooperative children is becoming increasingly common in the dental setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of 3 different doses of midazolam for sedation in 2- to 4- year-old children with multiple dental needs and negative behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten children participated in this crossover, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, which evaluated their behavior, appointment length and patient response after administration of 3 different doses of midazolam or placebo. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were monitored in all sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sedated children exhibited a more positive behavior compared to the placebo group, both at the beginning of the appointment (sitting in the chair) and during administration of local anesthesia (P=.008 and P<.03, respectively). The use of midazolam allowed for longer appointments, and doses of at least 0.3 mg/kg produced a higher rate of positive behavior overall. No changes in oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midazolam was effective and safe for pediatric sedation in the dosages studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabelita Duarte
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Angela Fernandes
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. ninha_serejo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna Paula Serejo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rachel Duarte
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moritz
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D061214:Patient Safety
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam