title: In vitro adhesion of fibroblastic cells to titanium alloy discs treated with sodium hydroxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adhesion of osteogenic cells on titanium surfaces is a prerequisite for osseointegration. Alkali treatment can increase the hydrophilicity of titanium implant surfaces, thereby supporting the adhesion of blood components. However, it is unclear if alkali treatment also supports the adhesion of cells with a fibroblastic morphology to titanium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we have used a titanium alloy (Ti-6AL-4V) processed by alkali treatment to demonstrate the impact of hydrophilicity on the adhesion of primary human gingival fibroblast and bone cells. Also included were the osteosarcoma and fibroblastoma cell lines, MG63 and L929, respectively. Cell adhesion was determined by scanning electron microscopy. We also measured viability, proliferation, and protein synthesis of the adherent cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alkali treatment increased the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts, bone cells, and the two cell lines when seeded onto the titanium alloy surface for 1 h. At 3 h, no significant changes in cell adhesion were observed. Cells grown for 1 day on the titanium alloy surfaces processed by alkali treatment behave similarly to untreated controls with regard to viability, proliferation, and protein synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these preliminary In vitro findings, we conclude that alkali treatment can support the early adhesion of cells with fibroblastic characteristics to a titanium alloy surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Maisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Mustafa
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agis
authors.forename: Heinz-Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watzek
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003722:Dental Alloys; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003722:Dental Alloys; D011506:Proteins; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Ti-6AL-4V; alkaline treatments; cell adhesion; hydrophilicity; osseointegration; titanium implant surfaces; wettability