title: Live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.
abstract: Live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines offer several advantages for immunization of infants and young children: (1) they do not cause vaccine-associated enhanced RSV disease; (2) they broadly stimulate innate, humoral, and cellular immunity, both systemically and locally in the respiratory tract; (3) they are delivered intranasally; and (4) they replicate in the upper respiratory tract of young infants despite the presence of passively acquired maternally derived RSV neutralizing antibody. This chapter describes early efforts to develop vaccines through the classic methods of serial cold-passage and chemical mutagenesis, and recent efforts using reverse genetics to derive attenuated derivatives of wild-type (WT) RSV and to develop parainfluenza vaccine vectors that express RSV surface glycoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, rkarron@jhsph.edu.
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Karron
authors.forename: Ursula J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007223:Infant; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018108:Respirovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D059386:Reverse Genetics / Q000379:methods; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated