title: Prevention of injection pain due to propofol by dezocine: a comparison with lidocaine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of dezocine (DEZ) versus placebo control (CON) and 2% lidocaine (LID) in prevention of injection pain due to DEZ.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized double-blind, placebo-CON study was conducted in 75 adults, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, scheduled to undergo an elective surgery. A total of 25 patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, thus CON, group LID and group DEZ. The groups received either 2 ml of normal saline or 2 ml 2% LID or 2 mg/2 ml DEZ, respectively, as pre-treatment. Propofol was injected 1 min later. A blinded researcher assessed the patient's pain level using a four point verbal rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less patients experienced pain due to propofol injection in the LID (40%) and DEZ (28%) groups compared with the CON (84%) group (P < 0.05). Six patients (24%) in the CON group reported severe pain during propofol injection but none in the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-treatment with DEZ decreases propofol injection pain as effectively as LID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China ; Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Gordon Tin Chun
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Chunshan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Junma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D010919:Placebos; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; C010827:dezocine; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Dezocine; injection pain; lidocaine; propofol