title: Potential immune modularly role of glycine in oral gingival inflammation.
abstract: Gingival epithelial cells (GECs) represent a physical barrier against bacteria and are involved in the processes of innate immunity. Recently, an anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effect of the amino acid glycine has been demonstrated. However, there is only little information about the immune-modulatory effects of glycine in oral tissues. This study aimed to investigate the existence and role of the glycine receptor in gingival tissue analyzing tissues/cells from extracted human molars via immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro, GECs were challenged by inflammatory conditions with IL-1 β alone or in combination with glycine and analyzed for cytokine expression of IL6/IL8 via real-time PCR. On protein level, the effect of nuclear translocalization of NF κ B protein p65 was analyzed using immunofluorescence analysis. A distinct proof of the GlyR in oral gingival tissue and keratinocytes could be demonstrated. Isolated challenge of the keratinocytes with IL-1 β as well as with glycine resulted in an upregulation of IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression and activation of NF κ B pathway. The presence of glycine in combination with the inflammatory stimulus led to a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters. These results indicate a possible anti-inflammatory role of glycine in gingival inflammation and encourage further research on the utility of glycine in the prevention or therapy of inflammatory periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schaumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Sciences, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bon, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine (CRU 208), Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deschner
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jäger
mesh_terms: D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018009:Receptors, Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018009:Receptors, Glycine; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D005998:Glycine