title: Stroop task among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impaired attention selection (Stroop interference effect) and general performance [reaction times (RTs)] on the Stroop task among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), pathological gambling (PG), both PG/OCD or none, and the influence if having ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six patients and 15 control subjects underwent the Stroop task, which measured RTs of condition-related words (color, obsessive compulsive disorder, pathological gambling, addiction) and neutral words.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMT patients had longer RTs on the Stroop task compared with controls. RTs were longer among patients with OCD and in those who abused drugs on the study day. The combined PG/OCD group had the longest RTs, but they were also characterized as abusing more drugs, being older, and having worse cognitive status. Stroop color interference differed only among MMT patients with ADHD, and it was higher among those with OCD than those without OCD. The modified condition-related Stroop did not show any interference effect of OCD, addiction, or gambling words.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMT patients had generally poorer performance, as indicated by longer RTs, that were related to clinical OCD, drug abuse, poor cognitive state, and older age. Patients with both clinical OCD and ADHD had a higher Stroop interference effect, which is a reflection of an attention deficit. In order to improve clinical approach and treatment of MMT patients, OCD and ADHD should be evaluated (and treated as needed).
authors.affiliation: 1Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center,Tel Aviv,Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv,Israel).
authors.forename: Einat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peles
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nuclear Medicine,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center,Tel Aviv,Israel.
authors.forename: Aviv
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.affiliation: 1Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center,Tel Aviv,Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv,Israel).
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sason
authors.affiliation: 1Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center,Tel Aviv,Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv,Israel).
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adelson
authors.affiliation: 1Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment and Research,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center,Tel Aviv,Israel (affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv,Israel).
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D057190:Stroop Test; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008691:Methadone