title: Seed germination-influencing bioactive secondary metabolites secreted by the endophyte Cladosporium cladosporioides LWL5.
abstract: The present study was aimed to isolate bioactive metabolites produced by a fungal endophyte from Helianthus annuus, Capsicum annuum, and Cucumis sativus and to assess their role in seed germination. Culture filtrate of the endophyte HA-3B from H. annuus was significantly inhibitory towards the germination and growth of lettuce seeds. HA-3B was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides LWL5 through molecular techniques. Different concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 ppm) of the ethyl acetate extract obtained from the culture inhibited the lettuce seed germination. The extract was subjected to column chromatography and a bioassay-guided isolation method, which yielded compounds 1, 2 and an oily fraction. The oily fraction, subjected to fractionation and spectroscopic techniques, resulted in the identification of 31 different constituents. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified and characterized through MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques as benzoic acid. The bioassay results showed that this compound significantly inhibited the growth and germination of lettuce seeds. In conclusion, assessing the role of endophytes harboring essential crop plants can help us to develop potentially eco-friendly herbicides.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waqas
authors.forename: Abdul Latif
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Liaqat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Sang-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yoon-Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea. ijlee@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: In-Jung
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products