title: Lost trust: a yellow fever patient response.
abstract: In the 19th century, yellow fever thrived in the tropical, urban trade centers along the American Gulf Coast. Industrializing and populated, New Orleans and Memphis made excellent habitats for the yellow fever-carrying Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and the virulence they imparted on their victims. Known for its jaundice and black, blood-filled vomit, the malady terrorized the region for decades, sometimes claiming tens of thousands of lives during the near annual summertime outbreaks. In response to the failing medical community, a small, pronounced population of sick and healthy laypeople openly criticized the efforts to rid the Gulf region of yellow jack. Utilizing newspapers and cartoons to vocalize their opinions, these critics doubted and mocked the medical community, contributing to the regional and seasonal dilemma yellow fever posed for the American South. These sentient expressions prove to be an early example of patient distrust toward caregivers, a current problem in clinical heath care.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, North Carolina.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Runge
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D055552:Infectious Disease Medicine / Q000266:history; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D055820:New Orleans / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000266:history; D011639:Public Opinion / Q000266:history*; D013714:Tennessee; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000469:parasitology*; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Aedes aegypti; boards of health; mosquitoes; patient trust; quackery; yellow fever