title: Effects of dried plum supplementation on bone metabolism in adult C57BL/6 male mice.
abstract: Dietary supplementation of dried plum (DP) prevents bone loss and restores bone mass in osteopenic animal models. This study was designed to determine the effects of DP supplementation on bone metabolic activity over time using adult (6-month-old) male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) receiving control (CON = AIN93 M) or CON+DP 25 % (w/w) diets for 4 or 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, animals consuming the DP diet had a higher whole-body bone mineral density, vertebral trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), and femoral cortical thickness compared to the CON animals. In the distal metaphysis of the femur, BV/TV was increased in the DP-treated animals, but only after 12 weeks. Bone histomorphometric analyses revealed that DP decreased osteoblast surface (67 %) and osteoclast surface (62 %) at 4 weeks, but these surfaces normalized to the CON animals by 12 weeks. Coincident with these changes, the mineralizing surface (MS/BS) and cancellous bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were reduced at 4 weeks in the DP group compared to the CON, but by 12 weeks of DP supplementation, BFR/BS (~twofold) and MS/BS (~1.7-fold) tended to be increased (p < 0.10). The relative abundance of RNA for key regulators of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and indicators of osteoblast activity were reduced in the DP group at 4 weeks with no difference between groups at 12 weeks. These results indicate that supplementing the diet with DP initially suppressed cancellous bone turnover, but a biphasic response occurs over time, resulting in a positive effect on bone mass and structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, 420 College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA, bjsmith@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Graef
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wronski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rendina
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Halloran
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013499:Surface Properties; D051598:Whole Body Imaging; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase