title: Long-term outcome in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus: 520 cases (1994-2009).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Published information regarding survival and long-term cardiac remodeling after patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure in dogs is limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report outcome and identify prognostic variables in dogs with PDA, and to identify risk factors for persistent remodeling in dogs with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up after closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and twenty client-owned dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records of 520 dogs with PDA. Outcome was determined by contacting owners and veterinarians. Dogs with PDA closure and ≥ 12 months of follow-up were asked to return for a re-evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariable analysis of 506 dogs not euthanized at the time of diagnosis, not having a PDA closure procedure negatively affected survival (HzR = 16.9, P < .001). In 444 dogs undergoing successful PDA closure, clinical signs at presentation (HzR = 17, P = .02), concurrent congenital heart disease (HD) (HzR = 4.8, P = .038), and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) documented within 24 hours of closure (HzR = 4.5, P = .028) negatively affected survival. Seventy-one dogs with ≥ 12 months follow-up demonstrated a significant reduction in radiographic and echocardiographic measures of heart size (P = 0) and increased incidence of acquired HD (P = .001) at re-evaluation. Dogs with increased left ventricular size and low fractional shortening at baseline were more likely to have persistent remodeling at re-evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patent ductus arteriosus closure confers important survival benefits and results in long-term reverse remodeling in most dogs. Clinical signs at presentation, concurrent congenital HD, and severe MR negatively affect survival. Increased left ventricular systolic dimensions and systolic dysfunction at baseline correlated significantly with persistent remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, and the Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Devices, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Boggess
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Canine; Congenital; Echocardiography; Interventional; Survival