title: Progress in the development of a therapeutic vaccine for breast cancer.
abstract: Various human malignancies are immunogenic and recent cancer vaccine trials have demonstrated potential survival benefit. Breast cancer is immunogenic and there are several tumor associated antigens for which breast cancer vaccines have been developed. Breast cancer vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune response at various steps in the native antigen processing pathway for immunosurveillance. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu), mucin 1 (MUC-1), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are some of the most studied antigens actively being targeted for vaccination in breast cancer patients. These vaccines are designed to elicit cytotoxic and/or helper T cell responses. Over the last several years, there has been reported progress in human clinical trials for these antigens. Cancer vaccines have repeatedly been shown to be safe with production of minimal toxicity. Recent clinical advances in the development of cancer vaccines demonstrate the potential clinical benefit that cancer vaccines hold.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coveler
authors.affiliation: Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.affiliation: Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Disis
keywords: HER-2/neu; MUC-1; breast; cancer; hTERT; vaccine