title: Thermodynamics of nanoparticles: experimental protocol based on a comprehensive Ginzburg-Landau interpretation.
abstract: The effects of surface and interface on the thermodynamics of small particles require a deeper understanding. This step is crucial for the development of models that can be used for decision-making support to design nanomaterials with original properties. On the basis of experimental results for phase transitions in compressed ZnO nanoparticles, we show the limitations of classical thermodynamics approaches (Gibbs and Landau). We develop a new model based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory that requires the consideration of several terms, such as the interaction between nanoparticles, pressure gradients, defect density, and so on. This phenomenological approach sheds light on the discrepancies in the literature as it identifies several possible parameters that should be taken into account to properly describe the transformations. For the sake of clarity and standardization, we propose an experimental protocol that must be followed during high-pressure investigations of nanoparticles in order to obtain coherent, reliable data that can be used by the scientific community.
authors.affiliation: Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Machon
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piot
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hapiuk
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masenelli
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Demoisson
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piolet
authors.forename: Moustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ariane
authors.forename: Shashank
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daniele
authors.forename: Mongia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosni
authors.forename: Noureddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jouini
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mélinon
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004735:Energy Transfer; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D044367:Phase Transition; D011312:Pressure; D013816:Thermodynamics; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide