title: Analysis on anatomical references to assess the coronal alignment of tibial and femoral cuts in mega prosthetic knee replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In megaprosthetic knee replacement, surgeons use cutting guides that depend on anatomical references to determine the ideal cutting plane alignment. In this work, we investigated the accuracy of using femoral cortical surfaces and tibial canal portions as the references. The study aims to improve the design and use of the cutting guides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one knee scanograms of 33 patients (mean age around 20 years) diagnosed with osteogenic sarcoma and undergoing distal femur megaprosthetic surgery were acquired. Angles between the selected anatomical references and axis perpendicular to the ideal cutting plane (anatomical axis for femur and mechanical axis for tibia) were measured for both femur and tibia, in coronal view. The smaller the magnitude of the angles, the better the anatomical reference is.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the central femoral region, on average, both lateral and medial cortical surfaces give accurate alignment of the ideal cutting plane (0.6° and 0.8°, respectively), with no significant difference (p > 0.01). At the distal region, the lateral cortical surface gives significantly better alignment compared to the medial cortical surface (p < 0.01), but not as accurate (1.4°) as in the central region. For tibia, the central tibial canal gives significantly accurate alignment of the ideal cutting plane (-0.3°) on average, compared to the proximal tibial canal (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For a femoral cut, both lateral and medial cortical surfaces are the best anatomical references, but only at the central region. For a tibial cut, the central anatomical axis is the best reference.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India, vicky731@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karade
authors.forename: Bhallamudi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ravi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005266:Femoral Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery