title: Incidence rates of spontaneous disease in laboratory mice used at a large biomedical research institution.
abstract: A detailed epidemiologic survey of spontaneous diseases of mice used in biomedical research has not been performed in more than 4 decades. The current study examined all mouse disease reports for a subset of the University of Pennsylvania vivaria from October 2010 through September 2011. Mortality logs were examined over the same period of time. After eliminating protocol-related cases, the incidence rates for more than 30 diseases were calculated in terms of number of cases per 1000 cages per month. The average daily census for the facilities analyzed exceeded 29,000 cages and included more than 180 research groups. No single research group accounted for more than 4% of the total number of cases reported, indicating that this study did not simply quantify the spontaneous disease incidence in a limited number of research groups. Spontaneous mortality with unknown cause in adult and neonatal mice without prior reported illness was the most commonly reported issue, followed by dermatitis, ocular disease, and nonspecific clinical signs including lethargy, poor hair coat, and muscle wasting. These results indicate that improving the ability to identify sick mice is important in refining the care and use of mice in biomedical research. The information provided in the current study can help to provide a baseline for comparison, guide the field in directing mouse welfare research toward areas of need, and identify optimal methods of care for mice in biomedical research.
authors.affiliation: University Laboratory Animal Resources, Department of Pathobiology; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. marx@upenn.edu.
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.affiliation: University Laboratory Animal Resources, Department of Pathobiology; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Angela K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Brice
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Boston
authors.affiliation: University Laboratory Animal Resources, Department of Pathobiology; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Abigail L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality