title: A miniature TDCR system dedicated to in-situ activity assay.
abstract: In the framework of the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP), the Joint Research Project MetroFission has a dedicated work package for the development of a portable Triple-to-Double-Coincidence-Ratio (TDCR) system dedicated to in-situ activity measurements of low-energy beta emitters arising from the operation of the next generation of nuclear power plants. In the design phase of the NPL version of the mini-TDCR, a wide range of metrological aspects and detector types was considered. This paper summarizes these aspects of design, in the light of previous experience with the primary TDCR system at NPL. For example, in this miniature version of the TDCR, the optical chamber was simplified and cylindrical geometry was deemed sufficient. The reflectivity of the surface was increased by painted layers of Spectraflect(®), a specially formulated barium sulphate coating with high reflectivity across a wide range of wave lengths including UV. This option was chosen rather than the high performing and more expensive Spectralon(®) material used for the primary NPL TDCR. The miniature TDCR system is intended for on-site monitoring and will not require as high a performance as the primary system. Other factors that were considered included sample changing, light tightness, type of photo detector, method for varying the detection efficiency, shielding and the possible addition of an internal gamma-ray source for determination of the quench parameter of the source. In this version, the sample changing is performed using a piston and an automatic shutter. Significant design effort has been applied to ensure minimal ingress of light from the piston. Efficiency variation is accomplished by increasing the vertical displacement of the vial. Provision has been made to automate this at a later stage. Maximum light transmission to the photo-multiplier tubes is obtained at the "zero" reference height. Validation measurements were successfully performed using four different radionuclides: (3)H, (241)Pu, (63)Ni, and (99)Tc.
authors.affiliation: NPL, Middlesex, UK. Electronic address: lena.johansson@npl.co.uk.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: NPL, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakhshandeiar
authors.affiliation: NPL, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: NPL, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Engineering School INP-Phelma, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orlandini
authors.affiliation: NPL, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sephton
keywords: In-situ measurement; Liquid scintillation; Primary standardisation; TDCR