title: Experimental fracture protocols in assessments of potential agents for osteoporotic fracture healing using rodent models.
abstract: Osteoporosis may cause bone fracture even under slight trauma. Osteoporotic fracture has become a major public health problem but until today, the treatments available are not satisfactory. Many pre-clinical testings on animals were done to find new agents that can be sourced from natural products and synthetic drugs for osteoporotic fracture healing. Animal models are more appropriate for fracture healing study than human subject due to several reasons including the ethical issues involved. The bones of rodents are similar to human in term of their morphological change and response to therapy. Small rodents such as rats and mice are suitable animal models for fracture healing studies as they have a similar bone remodeling system to human. To date, there is no specific guideline to carry out fracture healing studies in animal models for the evaluation of new agents. This paper highlights the protocols of various fracture and fixation methods for experimental osteoporotic fracture healing using rodent models.
authors.forename: Nurul 'Izzah
authors.initials: N'
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Sharlina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: Norazlina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. anazrun@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ahmad Nazrun
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shuid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations; D014807:Vitamin D; D002116:Calcitonin; D002118:Calcium