title: The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on patterns of non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries in a football player population according to ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevention, diagnosis, and management of non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (NCMSTIs) related to participation in sports are key components of sport and exercise medicine. Epidemiological data have demonstrated the existence of interindividual differences in the severity of NCMSTIs, indicating that these injuries occur as a consequence of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including genetic variations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have collected data on NCMSTIs suffered by 73 elite players of White, black African and Hispanic ethnicity of European football over the course of three consecutive seasons. We have also examined eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to tissue recovery and tissue repair in blood drawn from the players and correlated our findings with type and severity of injuries in each ethnic group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the SNPs varied among the three ethnic sub-groups (p<0.0001). Among Whites, a significant relationship was observed between ligament injuries and ELN (p=0.001) and between tendinous injuries and ELN (p=0.05) and IGF2 (p=0.05). Among Hispanics, there was a significant relation between muscle injuries and ELN (p=0.032) and IGF2 (p=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interracial genotypic differences may be important in the study of NCMSTIs. A genetic profile based on SNPs may be useful tool to describe each individual's injuribility risk and provide specific treatment and preventive care for football players.
authors.affiliation: Futbol Club Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pruna
authors.affiliation: Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; School of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; School of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Bruno
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Montoro
authors.affiliation: Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: rosa_artells@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004549:Elastin / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C035170:IGF2 protein, human; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D004549:Elastin
keywords: Ethnicity; Lesiones musculoesqueléticas producidas por el mecanismo de no contacto; Non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries; Polimorfismos genéticos de un solo nucleótico; Raza; Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)