title: The effect of rhinovirus on airway inflammation in a murine asthma model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in lower airway inflammatory immune responses, including cellular responses and responses in terms of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the airway, to rhinovirus (RV) infection on asthma exacerbation by comparing a control and a murine asthma model, with or without RV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with a crude extract of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and were subsequently intranasally treated with a crude extract of Df or PBS. Airway responsiveness and cell infiltration, differential cell counts in BALF, and cytokine and chemokine concentrations in BALF were measured 24 hours after intranasal RV1B infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RV infection increased the enhanced pause (Penh) in both the Df sensitized and challenged mice (Df mice) and PBS-treated mice (PBS mice) (P<0.05). Airway eosinophil infiltration increased in Df mice after RV infection (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin (IL) 13, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) increased in response to RV infection in Df mice, but not in PBS mice (P<0.05). The level of IL-10 significantly decreased following RV infection in Df mice (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the augmented induction of proinflammatory cytokines, Th2 cytokines, and chemokines that mediate an eosinophil response and the decreased induction of regulatory cytokines after RV infection may be important manifestations leading to airway inflammation with eosinophil infiltration and changes in airway responsiveness in the asthma model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Huisu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sulmui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eu Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyongwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Seo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Tack
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Asthma; Exacerbation; Immune response; Rhinovirus