title: Brd4 and JMJD6-associated anti-pause enhancers in regulation of transcriptional pause release.
abstract: Distal enhancers characterized by the H3K4me(1) mark play critical roles in developmental and transcriptional programs. However, potential roles of specific distal regulatory elements in regulating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter-proximal pause release remain poorly investigated. Here, we report that a unique cohort of jumonji C-domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) cobound distal enhancers, termed anti-pause enhancers (A-PEs), regulate promoter-proximal pause release of a large subset of transcription units via long-range interactions. Brd4-dependent JMJD6 recruitment on A-PEs mediates erasure of H4R3me(2(s)), which is directly read by 7SK snRNA, and decapping/demethylation of 7SK snRNA, ensuring the dismissal of the 7SK snRNA/HEXIM inhibitory complex. The interactions of both JMJD6 and Brd4 with the P-TEFb complex permit its activation and pause release of regulated coding genes. The functions of JMJD6/ Brd4-associated dual histone and RNA demethylase activity on anti-pause enhancers have intriguing implications for these proteins in development, homeostasis, and disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.|Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and System Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Kaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohgi
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1677, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Aneel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D012342:RNA, Small Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; C441289:BRD4 protein, human; D000092468:Bromodomain Containing Proteins; C498707:JMJD6 protein, human