title: Provider attitudes toward public-private collaboration to improve immunization reminder/recall: a mixed-methods study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess primary care providers' current reminder/recall practices, preferences for collaboration with health departments in reminder/recall efforts, attitudes toward practice-based and population-based reminder/recall, and experiences with a population-based reminder/recall intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Providers responsible for making decisions about immunization delivery at all primary care practices that participate in the Colorado Immunization Information System were surveyed. Data collection was preceded by an intervention in which half of 14 counties received a population-based reminder/recall intervention conducted by the health department. Practice staff involved in immunization activities were then selected for semistructured telephone interviews that were based on the location of their practice within specified strata, including whether they were in the intervention counties, urban/rural location, and practice type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 282 (73.6%) of 383 of providers responded to the survey, and 253 who administered vaccines to children 19 to 35 months were retained; 82 staff members at 36 practices were interviewed. Providers' preferences for who should conduct reminder/recall were almost evenly split, with slightly more indicating that it should be conducted by the health department. Cost and feasibility issues were perceived barriers to conducting practice-based recall, particularly among urban practices. Support for population-based reminder/recall was highest among rural practices. Concern about perceived inaccuracies in immunization registry data was the major barrier to conducting population-based reminder/recall. The population-based intervention did not create an undue burden on practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A collaborative approach to reminder/recall involving both providers and health departments is preferable for many providers and may be a viable solution to the barriers of practice-based reminder/recall.
authors.affiliation: Children's Outcomes Research Program, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo; Colorado Health Outcomes Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo; Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo. Electronic address: Karen.Albright@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.affiliation: Children's Outcomes Research Program, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo; Colorado Health Outcomes Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saville
authors.affiliation: Children's Outcomes Research Program, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lockhart
authors.affiliation: Children's Outcomes Research Program, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo.
authors.forename: Katina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Widmer Racich
authors.affiliation: Children's Outcomes Research Program, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo; Colorado Health Outcomes Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.affiliation: Children's Outcomes Research Program, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kempe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003120:Colorado; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017589:Immunization Programs; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D055818:Public-Private Sector Partnerships / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017010:Reminder Systems / Q000639:trends
keywords: immunizations; public–private collaboration; recall and reminder messages