title: Does serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D influence muscle development during puberty in girls? A 7-year longitudinal study.
abstract: Vitamin D is well known for its regulatory role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, but its role in muscle mass and strength during growth remains inconclusive. We explored the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with muscle development in girls from 11 to 18-years old. Whole body lean tissue mass (LMWB), appendicular lean mass (aLM), muscle cross-sectional area at the lower leg (mCSA), maximal voluntary contraction of elbow flexors (MVC elbow) and knee extensors (MVC knee) were assessed in 217 girls aged 10-13 years (at baseline), 215 in 2-year and 226 in 7.5-year follow-up. Serum concentration of 25(OH)D and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) were analyzed retrospectively and girls were categorized according to their 25(OH)D levels (consistently insufficient 25(OH)D GLL <50 nmol/l and consistently sufficient GHH >50 nmol/l from baseline to 7-year follow-up). We found that 25(OH)D level declined until menarche (p<0.05) while LMWB, aLM, mCSA, MVC elbow and MVC knee continued to increase (p<0.001 for all) post menarche. At pre-menarche, the GLL (n = 34) had higher LMWB and aLM than the GHH (n = 21, p<0.05), while post-menarche the GHH (n = 15) had a greater catch-up gain in LMWB (p = 0.004), aLM (p = 0.001) and mCSA (p = 0.027) compared to the GLL (n = 65) over the first 2-year period. At the age of 18, no differences in muscle mass/strength between the low (n = 151) and high (n = 77) levels of 25(OH)D groups were found. This finding was independent of vitamin D receptor genotype and other confounders. In conclusion, our results showed that levels of 25(OH)D have no significant negative influence on the development of muscle mass and strength during pubertal growth both with longitudinal and cross-sectional comparison. On the contrary, our results suggest that the temporary negative association between 25(OH)D and muscle mass arises as a consequence of fast growth prior to menarche, and this negative association is diminished through catch-up growth after menarche.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Zhusheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland ; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Shu Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Törmäkangas
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Peijie
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Sulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011627:Puberty / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium