title: Checklist for anesthesiological process: analysis of risks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several methods are reported in the literature to analyze medically undesirable events during hospital care. Each method has several limitations, so no one has been defined as the standard tool to be able to detect failure during a medical process. The aim of this study was to compare an anesthesiological perioperative checklist with traditional Regional Incident Reporting (RIR) form in detecting and describing failures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed RIR number of reports, seriousness and contributing factors. We also analyzed anesthesiological checklist data for: number of reports, seriousness of incident, contributing factors and distribution in macro-phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We screened 2681 patients who underwent gynecological and obstetrical surgeries. RIR showed only the most harmful events in 0.4% of surgeries. Conversely, we recorded 135 failures with anesthesiological checklists (3.3%), of which 123 (91.1%) were solved. Categories of incident in checklists were: failures for medical device/equipment (N.=30, 22.2%), for treatment/procedures (N.=25, 18.5%), for clinical assessment (N.=22, 16.2%), for consent/communication (N.=19, 14%), for medication (N.=16, 11.8%) and for documentation (N.=8, 5.9%). Ninety-four failures (69.6%) resulted in no harm for the patient, 41 (30.3%) in reversible damage and there were no cases of permanent damage/death. Contributing factors in checklists were mainly related to team (43.7%), task factors (28.1%) and work environment (22.2%). Failures detected in macro-phases were related to: clinical assessment (31.8%), presurgical re-assessment (23.7%), preparation for anesthesia (30.3%), anesthesia conduction (8.8%) and awakening (5.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An anesthesiological checklist compared with traditional RIR provided a more sensible and complete framework for incident analysis during the perioperative period in patients undergoing gynecological and obstetrical surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra e Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italia - ghirap@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ghirardini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girardis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pasetto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Busani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D057189:Checklist; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000592:standards; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012308:Risk Management / Q000592:standards; D017211:Treatment Failure