title: An overview of plant volatile metabolomics, sample treatment and reporting considerations with emphasis on mechanical damage and biological control of weeds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The technology for the collection and analysis of plant-emitted volatiles for understanding chemical cues of plant-plant, plant-insect or plant-microbe interactions has increased over the years. Consequently, the in situ collection, analysis and identification of volatiles are considered integral to elucidation of complex plant communications. Due to the complexity and range of emissions the conditions for consistent emission of volatiles are difficult to standardise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To discuss: evaluation of emitted volatile metabolites as a means of screening potential target- and non-target weeds/plants for insect biological control agents; plant volatile metabolomics to analyse resultant data; importance of considering volatiles from damaged plants; and use of a database for reporting experimental conditions and results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recent literature relating to plant volatiles and plant volatile metabolomics are summarised to provide a basic understanding of how metabolomics can be applied to the study of plant volatiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overview of plant secondary metabolites, plant volatile metabolomics, analysis of plant volatile metabolomics data and the subsequent input into a database, the roles of plant volatiles, volatile emission as a function of treatment, and the application of plant volatile metabolomics to biological control of invasive weeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is recommended that in addition to a non-damaged treatment, plants be damaged prior to collecting volatiles to provide the greatest diversity of odours. For the model system provided, optimal volatile emission occurred when the leaf was punctured with a needle. Results stored in a database should include basic environmental conditions or treatments.
authors.affiliation: Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Lincoln
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nausheena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baig
mesh_terms: D055432:Metabolomics; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014835:Volatilization
keywords: GC-MS; biological control agents; damage; invasive weeds; plant volatiles