title: T helper cells from aggressive periodontitis patients produce higher levels of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we analyzed the production of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 by activated CD4+ cells obtained from aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients in comparison with healthy subjects (HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  CD4+ cells were automatically separated from lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of patients with AgP and healthy controls. Cells were activated for 4, 8, and 24 h with three different stimuli: anti-CD3/anti-CD28, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) outer membrane protein (OMP). Protein levels were measured in supernatants of activated CD4+ cells by a bead-based immunoassay (CBA). In addition, serum antibodies against P. gingivalis were determined. Data were analyzed using U test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  T helper cells of AgP patients activated with P. gingivalis OMP produced higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in comparison with healthy controls (p < 0.05). Neither the activation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 nor the activation with PHA showed significantly different production of IL-1β and IL-6 by the cells 25 % of patients and 17 % of controls presented with high serum reactivity to P. gingivalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of these results, it is possible to conclude that P. gingivalis contributes to the pathogenesis of AgP by inducing high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 by peripheral CD4+ T helper cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In accordance with the clinical parameters and the immunological data, we suggest that full-mouth disinfection with adjunctive systemic antibiotics might be the anti-infectious non-surgical periodontal treatment of choice in this type of patients. Microbiological analyses at the beginning and at the end of the periodontal treatment are recommended. However, it is necessary to verify these data in longitudinal clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany, Jose.Gonzales@dentist.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Jose Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groeger
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6