title: The cytotoxic effect of 2-acylated-1,4-naphthohydroquinones on leukemia/lymphoma cells.
abstract: Here, we tested seven 2-acylated-1,4-hydronaphthoquinones for their cytotoxic effects on a panel of cancer lymphoma/leukemia cells and compared to a non-cancer origin cell line. Several naphthohydroquinones exhibited selective cytotoxic effects on lymphoma/leukemia cells with lowest activity on non-cancer cells. The mode of cell death induced by an acylated naphthohydroquinone, which has a long alkyl chain, was found to be via apoptosis. Furthermore, the naphthohydroquinone provoked mitochondria depolarization and activation of its downstream effector, caspase-3, thus implicating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as its mechanism to exert cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pedroza
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Leon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varela-Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lema
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA. Electronic address: raguilera@utep.edu.
authors.forename: Renato J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA. Electronic address: smito2@utep.edu.
authors.forename: Shizue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mito
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006873:Hydroquinones; C063601:1,4-naphthohydroquinone
keywords: Acylated hydroquinones; Anti-lymphoma; Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Photochemistry