title: Effect of oral administration of magnesium on Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cisplatin (CP) therapy as the most common potent chemotherapeutic process is accompanied by nephrotoxicity. The diabetic state may protect rat kidney against this toxicity, and magnesium (Mg) on the other hand may reduce the glucose level in diabetic animals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Current study was planned to investigate the effect of oral administration of magnesium supplementation on CP-induced nephrotoxicity in normal and Streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups and underwent two experiment protocols. As protocol 1, group 1 was considered as the sham group. Group 2 (CP group) received CP (2 mg/kg/d) for five consecutive days. Group 3 (CP + Mg group) received magnesium sulphate (MgSO4, 10 g/L added to the drinking water) for 10 days and then treated with CP from sixth day. As protocol 2, animals received a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg i.p.). Three days after diabetes induction, animals were divided into four groups; Groups 4 (D group), 5 (D + CP group), and 7 (D + Mg + CP group) followed the same manner as groups 1 to 3, respectively; and group 6 (D + Mg group) was treated with MgSO4 alone for 10 days. Finally, blood samples were obtained, and all animals were killed for kidney tissue investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CP administration in normoglycemic rats significantly elevated the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) (P < 0.05). However, coadministration of CP and Mg statistically increased the serum levels of BUN and Cr in both normoglycemic and diabetic animals when compared to the rats treated with CP alone (P < 0.05), while the serum level of Mg was significantly increased in nondiabetic groups (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum and kidney levels of nitrite; as well as the testis weight between all normoglycemic groups, whereas Mg decreased kidney levels of nitrite in diabetic groups when accompanied by CP (P < 0.05). The kidney and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) enhanced significantly in nondiabetic rats treated with Mg and CP (P < 0.05). Kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), kidney weight, and body weight loss were significantly different among normoglycemic groups (P < 0.05), and Mg promoted the KTDS in diabetic animals treated with CP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral Mg supplementation did not protect the CP induced nephrotoxicity in diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran ; Department of Physiology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Nepton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soltani
authors.affiliation: Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran ; Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran ; Isfahan Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nematbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eshraghi-Jazi
authors.affiliation: Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran ; Department of Clinical Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ardeshir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talebi
authors.affiliation: Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran ; Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
keywords: Cisplatin; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Supplements; Magnesium; Streptozocin