title: Deoxynivalenol induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins. The aim of this study consists in using diverse cellular and molecular assays to evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity as well as oxidative damage and to investigate their mechanisms in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The human lymphocytes were cultured in eight different doses of DON (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 ng/mL) during 6, 12 and 24 h. DON was able to decrease cell viability and cause damage to the membrane, the chromosomes or the DNA at all times of culture. It was also able to induce lipid peroxidation and raise the levels of 8-OHdG and ROS in 6, 12 and 24 h. The results of the RT-PCR and the Western Blot indicated that DON is able to enhance mRNA or protein expressions of DNA repair genes and HO-1 in 6 h and to inhibit these expressions in 24 h. DON potentially triggers genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. This mechanism is probably related to depletion of antioxidase and oxidative damage to the DNA that reduced expression of HO-1, thereby inhibiting the ability of DNA repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: University of Tübingen, BG Trauma Center, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nüssler
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: lgliu@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liegang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020552:Comet Assay; D017931:DNA Primers; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D009153:Mutagens; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein; 5-methylcytosine; 8-OHdG; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; BER; Cyt B; DCFH-DA; DNA repair; DON; Deoxynivalenol; GSH; GSSG; Genotoxicity; HO-1; HPLC; Hb; Human lymphocytes; L-glutathione oxidize; L-glutathione reduced; LC/MS; MDA, Lipid peroxidation; MMC; MN; Malonaldehyde; OECD; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Oxidative damage; PHA; ROS; RT-PCR; SCE; X-ray repair cross-complementing protein-1; XRCC-1; base excision repair; cytochalasin B; deoxynivalenol; hOGG-1; heme oxygenase-1; hemoglobin; high-performance liquid chromatography; human oxoguanine glycosylase-1; liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; m5dC; micronucleus cell; mitomycin C; phytohemagglutinin; reactive oxygen species; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; sister chromatid exchange