title: The haustorial transcriptomes of Uromyces appendiculatus and Phakopsora pachyrhizi and their candidate effector families.
abstract: Haustoria of biotrophic rust fungi are responsible for the uptake of nutrients from their hosts and for the production of secreted proteins, known as effectors, which modulate the host immune system. The identification of the transcriptome of haustoria and an understanding of the functions of expressed genes therefore hold essential keys for the elucidation of fungus-plant interactions and the development of novel fungal control strategies. Here, we purified haustoria from infected leaves and used 454 sequencing to examine the haustorial transcriptomes of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Uromyces appendiculatus, the causal agents of soybean rust and common bean rust, respectively. These pathogens cause extensive yield losses in their respective legume crop hosts. A series of analyses were used to annotate expressed sequences, including transposable elements and viruses, to predict secreted proteins from the assembled sequences and to identify families of candidate effectors. This work provides a foundation for the comparative analysis of haustorial gene expression with further insights into physiology and effector evolution.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Phytomedizin, FG Phytopathologie, Universität Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.forename: Mary V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Bret
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van de Mortel
authors.forename: Ralf T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Voegele
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mendgen
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Whitham
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013025:Glycine max / Q000382:microbiology; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins