title: Using molecular profiles to tailor treatment in breast cancer: are they ready for prime time?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article, recent developments with molecular profiling in breast cancer and future directions will be highlighted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene-expression profiling revealed four major biologic subtypes that reflect intertumoral heterogeneity of breast cancer and have led to the development of prognostic tools to facilitate adequate treatment in early breast cancer. A number of commercially available prognostic tests have been introduced for implementation in clinical routine. Also, predictive tools and approaches to characterize molecular portraits of metastatic breast cancer in order to overcome treatment resistance have been investigated. Efforts to identify the quantity and quality of clonal selection and genomic variability through modern genomic profiling led successfully to new insights into targeted treatment with more effective drugs and the promise to overcome resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multigene approaches and novel microarray platforms such as the next-generation sequencing technology are feasible in clinical practice in order to assess the prognosis more precisely and to identify new molecular targets for developing more effective drugs in the near future.
authors.forename: Florentia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peintinger
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor