title: The non-linear elasticity of the muscle sarcomere and the compliance of myosin motors.
abstract: Force in striated muscle is due to attachment of the heads of the myosin, the molecular motors extending from the myosin filament, to the actin filament in each half-sarcomere, the functional unit where myosin motors act in parallel. Mechanical and X-ray structural evidence indicates that at the plateau of isometric contraction (force T0), less than half of the elastic strain of the half-sarcomere is due to the strain in the array of myosin motors (s), with the remainder being accounted for by the compliance of filaments acting as linear elastic elements in series with the motor array. Early during the development of isometric force, however, the half-sarcomere compliance has been found to be less than that expected from the linear elastic model assumed above, and this non-linearity may affect the estimate of s. This question is investigated here by applying nanometre-microsecond-resolution mechanics to single intact fibres from frog skeletal muscle at 4 °C, to record the mechanical properties of the half-sarcomere throughout the development of force in isometric contraction. The results are interpreted with mechanical models to estimate the compliance of the myosin motors. Our conclusions are as follows: (i) early during the development of an isometric tetanus, an elastic element is present in parallel with the myosin motors, with a compliance of ∼200 nm MPa(-1) (∼20 times larger than the compliance of the motor array at T0); and (ii) during isometric contraction, s is 1.66 ± 0.05 nm, which is not significantly different from the value estimated with the linear elastic model.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biology, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy. gabriella.piazzesi@unifi.it.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fusi
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunello
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reconditi
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piazzesi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lombardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009218:Myosins / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011893:Rana esculenta; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D009218:Myosins