title: Investigation of maternal environmental exposures in association with self-reported preterm birth.
abstract: Identification of maternal environmental factors influencing preterm birth risks is important to understand the reasons for the increase in prematurity since 1990. Here, we utilized a health survey, the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to search for personal environmental factors associated with preterm birth. 201 urine and blood markers of environmental factors, such as allergens, pollutants, and nutrients were assayed in mothers (range of N: 49-724) who answered questions about any children born preterm (delivery <37 weeks). We screened each of the 201 factors for association with any child born preterm adjusting by age, race/ethnicity, education, and household income. We attempted to verify the top finding, urinary bisphenol A, in an independent study of pregnant women attending Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. We conclude that the association between maternal urinary levels of bisphenol A and preterm birth should be evaluated in a larger epidemiological investigation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Chirag J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Zhongkai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Qiaojun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yasser Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Xuefeng Bruce
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Electronic address: abutte@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Atul J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Butte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Environment-wide Association Study; Environmental exposure; Preterm birth