title: Heightened sensitivity to punishment and reward in anorexia nervosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate reinforcement sensitivity in anorexia nervosa (AN). It was tested whether self-reported punishment (PS) and reward sensitivity (RS) differed between adolescents with AN and healthy controls, and/or between AN-subtypes. In addition, the predictive validity of PS and RS was examined for AN symptoms one year later.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 165 female adolescents admitted for treatment of AN or eating disorder not otherwise specified resembling AN and 72 controls participated in the study. Participants completed measurements for eating disorder severity and the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). Percentage of underweight and severity of AN symptoms were measured again after one year in individuals with AN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with AN scored higher on PS and RS than controls. In addition, the AN purging type showed higher PS than the AN restrictive type, whereas there were no differences in RS between AN-subtypes. Regression analyses indicated that PS and RS were independently associated with the degree of eating disorder symptoms, whereas only PS was related to percentage underweight. Yet, neither RS nor PS were related to percentage of underweight and AN symptoms after one year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the present study clearly demonstrated that heightened punishment and reward sensitivity are both linked to AN, there was no evidence that these characteristics are also involved in the course of AN symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands; Center for Eating Disorders, Accare, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Smilde, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.a.glashouwer@rug.nl.
authors.forename: Klaske A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Glashouwer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bloot
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Veenstra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingmar H A
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D012201:Reward; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013851:Thinness
keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Punishment; Reinforcement sensitivity; Reward