title: Parent-reported sleep problems, symptom ratings, and serum ferritin levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep problems are common among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Serum ferritin levels have been associated with the severity of symptoms and sleep disturbances among children with ADHD. This study was conducted to investigate parent-reported sleep problems in a sample of Egyptian children with ADHD and to examine the relationship between their sleep, symptom-ratings, and low serum ferritin levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 41 ADHD children, aged 6 to 12 years, filled out the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long Version (CPRS-R:L) in Arabic. Serum ferritin levels were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The parents of the 62 controls filled out the CSHQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADHD group showed significantly higher scores in CSHQ subscales and total score. Children with serum ferritin levels <30 ng/mL had more disturbed sleep. There were significant negative correlations between sleep duration subscale, total score of CSHQ, and serum ferritin levels. There were no significant differences in hyperactivity, cognitive problems/inattention, oppositional, or ADHD index subscale scores between children with serum ferritin levels <30 ng/mL and those with serum ferritin levels ≥ 30 ng/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep problems are common, and this study suggests an association between low serum ferritin levels and sleep disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 2 Yousef Fahmy Street, El-Areech Street, Al-Ahram Street, Giza, Egypt. maha_korany71@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maha K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Abou-Khadra
authors.forename: Omnia R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Olfat G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Shaker
authors.forename: Thanaa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rabah
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment
chemical_list: D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron