title: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in schizophrenia with treatment-refractory auditory hallucinations and major self-mutilation.
abstract: Major self-mutilation is one of the most hazardous complications encountered in psychiatric patients, and is generally associated with auditory verbal hallucinations as part of a psychotic syndrome. This case report exemplarily discusses the treatment of such hallucinations with repeated (20 sessions) low-frequency (1 Hz) transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting areas of elevated metabolic activity in the temporo-parietal cortex ('neuronavigated rTMS'), drawing upon experience concerning treatment of a patient with chronic auditory verbal hallucinations that had proved intractable to antipsychotic medication combined with cognitive behavioural therapy, and who had severed a forearm because of the content of these hallucinations. This example of major self-mutilation underscores the urgent requirement for effective management of chronic auditory verbal hallucinations in patients suffering from psychiatric disease, and neuronavigated rTMS represents an approach that deserves further exploration in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krecklow
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarzenboeck
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thome
authors.forename: Bernd Joachim
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoeppner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*