title: The recovery time of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula-induced oculomotor nerve paresis after endovascular treatment with detachable balloons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recovery time of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula-induced oculomotor nerve paresis (ONP) after endovascular embolization with detachable balloons has not yet been adequately evaluated. This study was performed to make a deep analysis of the factors, which affect the prognosis of ONP after endovascular treatment of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics and the outcome of oculomotor nerve function in a series of 98 consecutive patients with ONP due to traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula which were endovascular treated with detachable balloons. Univariate analysis was applied to test the association between the time of ONP recovery and clinical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight consecutive patients (62 males, 36 females, mean age 34.2±12.7years) having presented with ONP underwent endovascular treatment with detachable balloons were enrolled in this study. ONP was complete in 22 (22.4%) patients and partial in 76 (77.6%) patients. Ninety (91.8%) patients were successfully occluded by single-session endovascular embolization. Retreatments by transarterial routes had to be performed in 8 (8.2%) patients because of recurrent fistula having occurred within 4weeks after embolization. ONP was recovered completely in all the patients, among who 4 (4.1%) were treated with occlusion of internal carotid artery. Factors showing significant association with the recovery time of ONP were the location of the fistula (P=0.007), the degree of preoperative ONP (P=0.003), the number of detachable balloon used (P=0.000) and the length of ONP before endovascular treatment (P=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular treatment of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula-induced ONP with detachable balloons is a safe and effective method. The length of ONP before endovascular treatment, the location of the fistula, the degree of preoperative ONP, the number of detachable balloons used were the statistically significant predictors of the length of ONP complete recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: liuyanchao_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Yan-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: duanchuanzhi_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Chuan-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: gudaqun_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Da-Qun
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: zhangxin_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: lixifeng_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Xi-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: hexuying_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Xu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: lailingfeng_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Shi-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: sushixing_zj@126.com.
authors.forename: Ling-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# industry road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address: Lihui_zjy@126.com.
authors.lastname: Hui-Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods*; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015840:Oculomotor Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Detachable balloon; Endovascular treatment; Oculomotor nerve paresis; Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula