title: Gadolinium-free extracellular MR contrast agent for tumor imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new formulation of manganese porphyrin as a potential gadolinium (Gd)-free extracellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI of tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A previously reported new contrast agent, MnTCP, was evaluated in six female tumor-bearing nude rats. MRI was performed on a 3 T clinical scanner 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation of breast tumor cells in the mammary fat pads. Gd-DTPA was injected intravenously, followed by injection of MnTCP at least 2 hours later (both at 0.05 mmol/kg). T1 relaxation time measurements and DCE-MRI were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enhancement and clearance patterns were visually similar between MnTCP and Gd-DTPA. However, relative R1 increases in all 11 tumors were larger for MnTCP over 60 minutes postcontrast, the difference being significant as late as 20 minutes (R1post /R1pre  = 1.42 ± 0.15 for MnTCP vs. 1.20 ± 0.08 for Gd-DTPA, P < 0.05). R1 -related effects for MnTCP were largely reduced after 60 minutes (R1post /R1pre  = 1.13 ± 0.07) and completely gone within 24 hours (R1post /R1pre  = 0.97 ± 0.06). DCE-MRI revealed a consistently larger (1.5 to over 2-fold) peak enhancement and higher values of the steepest slope, time-to-peak, and AUC60 in all tumors with MnTCP (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MnTCP is an alternative to extracellular Gd agents for tumor imaging, offering sensitive detection and rapid renal clearance.
authors.affiliation: The Research Institute and Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Joris Tchouala
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Nofiele
authors.forename: Inga E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Haedicke
authors.forename: Yong Le K
authors.initials: Yle K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiao-an
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hai-Ling Margaret
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D008345:Manganese; D011166:Porphyrins; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011166:Porphyrins; D008345:Manganese; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: breast cancer; dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI; gadolinium substitute; manganese porphyrin; permeability imaging; pharmacokinetics