title: Pb tolerance and bioaccumulation by the mycelia of Flammulina velutipes in artificial enrichment medium.
abstract: Mushrooms have the ability to accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals, which gives them potential for use as bioremediators of environmental contamination. The Pb(2+) tolerance and accumulation ability of living mycelia of Flammulina velutipes were studied in this work. Mycelial growth was inhibited when exposed to 1 mM Pb(2+). The colony diameter on solid medium decreased almost 10% compared with the control. Growth decreased almost 50% when the Pb(2+) concentration increased to 4 mM in the medium, with the colony diameter decreasing from 80 mm to 43.4 mm, and dry biomass production in liquid cultures decreasing from 9.23±0.55 to 4.27±0.28 g/L. Lead ions were efficiently accumulated in the mycelia. The amount of Pb(2+) in the mycelia increased with increasing Pb(2+) concentration in the medium, with the maximum concentration up to 707±91.4 mg/kg dry weight. We also show evidence that a large amount of the Pb(2+) was adsorbed to the mycelial surface, which may indicate that an exclusion mechanism is involved in Pb tolerance. These results demonstrate that F. velutipes could be useful as a remediator of heavy metal contamination because of the characteristics of high tolerance to Pb(2+) and efficient accumulation of Pb(2+) ions by the mycelia.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, P. R. China, zhuchangwei_2010@126.com.
authors.forename: Changwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhengpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Decai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D055393:Flammulina / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead