title: Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality.
abstract: We review nondestructive techniques for measuring internal and external quality attributes of fruit and vegetables, such as color, size and shape, flavor, texture, and absence of defects. The different techniques are organized according to their physical measurement principle. We first describe each technique and then list some examples. As many of these techniques rely on mathematical models and particular data processing methods, we discuss these where needed. We pay particular attention to techniques that can be implemented online in grading lines.
authors.affiliation: BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; email: bart.nicolai@biw.kuleuven.be , thijs.defraeye@biw.kuleuven.be , bart.deketelaere@biw.kuleuven.be , els.herremans@biw.kuleuven.be , maarten.hertog@biw.kuleuven.be , wouter.saeys@biw.kuleuven.be , thomas.vandendriessche@biw.kuleuven.be , pieter.verboven@biw.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Bart M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nicolaï
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Defraeye
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Ketelaere
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herremans
authors.forename: Maarten L A T M
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hertog
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saeys
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torricelli
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vandendriessche
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verboven
mesh_terms: D062609:Electronic Nose; D063427:Food Quality; D005638:Fruit; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011859:Radiography; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014675:Vegetables; D014732:Vibration