title: Comparison of dynamic balance in adolescent male soccer players from rwanda and the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dynamic balance is an important component of motor skill development. Poor dynamic balance has previously been associated with sport related injury. However, the vast majority of dynamic balance studies as they relate to sport injury have occurred in developed North American or European countries. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare dynamic balance in adolescent male soccer players from Rwanda to a matched group from the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six adolescent male soccer players from Rwanda and 26 age- and gender-matched control subjects from the United States were screened using the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test during their pre-participation physical. Reach asymmetry (cm) between limbs was examined for all reach directions. In addition, reach distance in each direction (normalized to limb length, %LL) and the composite reach score (also normalized to %LL) were examined. Dependent samples t-tests were performed with significant differences identified at p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six male soccer players from Rwanda (R) were matched to twenty-six male soccer players from the United States (US). The Rwandan soccer players performed better in the anterior (R: 83.9 ± 3.2 %LL; US: 76.5 ± 6.6 %LL, p<0.01), posterolateral (R: 114.4 ± 8.3 %LL ; US: 106.5 ± 8.2 %LL, p<0.01) and composite (R: 105.6 ± 1.3 %LL; US: 97.8 ± 6.2 %LL, p<0.01) reach scores. No significant differences between groups were observed for reach asymmetry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent soccer players from Rwanda exhibit superior performance on a standardized dynamic balance test as comparison to similar athletes from the United States. The examination of movement abilities of athletes from countries of various origins may allow for a greater understanding of the range of true normative values for dynamic balance.
  
  
  METHODS
  3b.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.affiliation: Michael W. Krzyzewski Human Performance Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Queen
authors.affiliation: Play for Hope, Kigali, Rwanda.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Kyle B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kiesel
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Plisky
keywords: Global; Injury risk factor; Star Excursion Balance Test