title: Effects of milk thistle seed against aflatoxin B1 in broiler model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Consumption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated products can pose a risk of development of various diseases in human and animals due to radical production. The scope of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of milk thistle seed (MTS), as a radical scavenger, on serum biochemistry, lipid profile and liver enzymes against AFB1 in broiler chickens contaminated with AFB1.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of nine experimental treatments (3 × 3 factorial design) was assessed using 216 one-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks in a randomized complete design with four replicates of six birds for each dietary treatments: Control (T1), 250 ppb AFB1 (T2), 500 ppb AFB1 (T3), 0.5% MTS (T4), 0.5% MTS Plus 250 ppb AFB1 (T5), 0.5% MTS Plus 500 ppb AFB1 (T6), 1.0% MTS (T7), 1.0% MTS Plus 250 ppb AFB1 (T8), and 1.0% MTS Plus 500 ppb AFB1 (T9). The individual and combined effects of dietary AFB1 and MTS on serum biochemistry factors (Glucose, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, Creatinine, and Uric acid), lipid profile (Triglyceride, Cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), and High density lipoprotein (HDL)) and liver enzymes aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transaminase (ALT) in broilers were evaluated at 21 days of age. Also, statistical packages Macros-1.002 (2010) were used to perform the above analysis on computer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of 500 ppb AFB1 in to the diet significantly decreased HDL (58.13 ± 2.65), Calcium (7.11 ± 0.13), and Glucose (197.1 ± 7.42) compared to the control group (85.12 ± 1.95, 9.45 ± 0.17 and 223.1 ± 6.61, respectively), (P < 0.05). In contrast, it significantly increased creatinine (2.25 ± 0.011) and AST (244.51 ± 4.91). Using MTS together with AFB1 significantly reduced the effect of AFB1 on the above parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTS can provide protection against the negative effects of AFB1 on broiler chicks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Halimeh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amiridumari
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarir
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Afzali
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fanimakki
keywords: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1); fatty acid; liver enzymes; milk thistle seed (MTS); serum biochemistry