title: Regulation of histone modifying enzymes by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
abstract: Histone post-translational modification is a key step that may result in an epigenetic mark that regulates chromatin structure and gene transcriptional activity thereby impacting many fundamental aspects of human biology. Subtypes of post-translational modification such as acetylation and methylation are executed by a variety of distinct modification enzymes. The cytoplasmic and nuclear concentrations of these enzymes are dynamically and tightly controlled at the protein level to precisely fine-tune transcriptional activity in response to environmental clues and during pathophysiological states. Recent data have emerged demonstrating that the life span of these critical nuclear enzymes involved in histone modification that impact chromatin structure and gene expression are controlled at the level of protein turnover by ubiquitin-proteasomal processing. This review focuses on the recent progress on mechanisms for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of histone modification enzymes and the potential pathophysiological significance of this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: zouc@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Chunbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA. Electronic address: mallampallirk@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Rama K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mallampalli
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics; D059748:Proteolysis; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D025801:Ubiquitin; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: Epigenetic code; Histone modification; Histone post-translational modification enzyme; Protein degradation; Transcriptional regulation; Ubiquitin–proteasome system