title: Evaluation of solvent system for the enzymatic synthesis of ethanol-based biodiesel from sludge palm oil (SPO).
abstract: A green technology of biodiesel production focuses on the use of enzymes as the catalyst. In enzymatic biodiesel synthesis, suitable solvent system is very essential to reduce the inhibition effects of the solvent to the enzymes. This study produced ethanol-based biodiesel from a low-cost sludge palm oil (SPO) using locally-produced Candida cylindracea lipase from fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) based medium. The optimum levels of ethanol-to-SPO molar ratio and enzyme loading were found to be 4:1 and 10 U/25 g of SPO respectively with 54.4% w/w SPO yield of biodiesel and 21.7% conversion of free fatty acid (FFA) into biodiesel. Addition of tert-butanol at 2:1 tert-butanol-to-SPO molar ratio into the ethanol-solvent system increased the yield of biodiesel to 71.6% w/w SPO and conversion of FFA into biodiesel to 28.8%. The SPO and ethanol have promising potential for the production of renewable biodiesel using enzymatic-catalyzed esterification and transesterification.
authors.affiliation: Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ricca Rahman
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Nasaruddin
authors.affiliation: Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: zahangir@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Md Zahangir
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Saedi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jami
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis / Q000187:drug effects; D056804:Biofuels; D002175:Candida / Q000201:enzymology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D012722:Sewage; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D000073878:Palm Oil; D008049:Lipase
keywords: Biodiesel; Ethanol; Fatty acid ethyl ester; Lipase; Sludge palm oil