title: Increased levels of the oxidative stress marker, nitrotyrosine in patients with provocation test-induced coronary vasospasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction of the coronary arteries caused by oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm. However, it is not clear whether circulating biomarkers for oxidative stress are altered after coronary vasospasm. We investigated temporal changes in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers after coronary vasospasm induced by intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing, resulting in transient myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty consecutive patients with suspected vasospastic angina pectoris (VSAP) were enrolled in the study. Patients were categorized into the VSAP-positive group (n=14) and the VSAP-negative group (n=16) on the basis of test results. Serum samples were examined for the levels of the oxidative stress markers 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and nitrotyrosine (NT) before, and 15min, 3h, and 12h after the provocation test. The serum HNE levels did not change in either group after the test. The serum NT levels in the VSAP-positive group significantly increased at 3h and 12h after the test (11.3±3.3μg/ml at 3h, p=0.015, and 12.1±5.7μg/ml at 12h, p=0.03), as compared with baseline (8.1±3.2μg/ml). In the VSAP-negative group, the serum NT levels significantly decreased from baseline at each of the 3 time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum NT significantly increased after coronary vasospasm induced by acetylcholine provocation, suggesting that serum NT could be a biomarker of transient myocardial ischemia and could contribute to the development of VSAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. Electronic address: kawai@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuhei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujibayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Taketsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajinami
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000368:Aged; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015415:Biomarkers; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; D000109:Acetylcholine
keywords: Coronary vasospasm; Endothelial dysfunction; Nitrotyrosine; Oxidative stress