title: Influence of nonionic branched-chain alkyl glycosides on a model nano-emulsion for drug delivery systems.
abstract: The effect of incorporating new nonionic glycolipid surfactants on the properties of a model water/nonionic surfactant/oil nano-emulsion system was investigated using branched-chain alkyl glycosides: 2-hexyldecyl-β(/α)-D-glucoside (2-HDG) and 2-hexyldecyl-β(/α)-D-maltoside (2-HDM), whose structures are closely related to glycero-glycolipids. Both 2-HDG and 2-HDM have an identical hydrophobic chain (C16), but the former consists a monosaccharide glucose head group, in contrast to the latter which has a disaccharide maltose unit. Consequently, their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is different. The results obtained have shown that these branched-chain alkyl glycosides affect differently the stability of the nano-emulsions. Compared to the model nano-emulsion, the presence of 2-HDG reduces the oil droplet size, whereas 2-HDM modify the properties of the model nano-emulsion system in terms of its droplet size and storage time stability at high temperature. These nano-emulsions have been proven capable of encapsulating ketoprofen, showing a fast release of almost 100% in 24h. Thus, both synthetically prepared branched-chain alkyl glycosides with mono- and disaccharide sugar head groups are suitable as nano-emulsion stabilizing agents and as drug delivery systems in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. Electronic address: ainie@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Noraini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. Electronic address: csmqci@iqac.csic.es.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramsch
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llinàs
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Conxita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solans
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rauzah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hairul Anuar
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tajuddin
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C544430:2-hexyldecyl-beta-D-maltoside; D004655:Emulsions; D006017:Glycolipids; D006027:Glycosides; D007477:Ions; D012996:Solutions; D014280:Triglycerides; D014867:Water; D007660:Ketoprofen
keywords: Branched-chain alkyl glycoside; Drug delivery; Ketoprofen; Nano-emulsion; Nonionic surfactant