title: The case of the wandering kidney.
abstract: Nephroptosis is a controversial phenomenon well described in the literature. In this case report, we present a patient whose right kidney had "wandered" from its normal anatomic position in the retroperitoneum anteriorly and was in a fixed position anterior to the liver secondary to hydronephrosis. As opposed to the suspected mechanism of nephroptosis, we offer a hydraulic theory as to the origin of the energy required to cause this translocation. The work required to move the patient's kidney was generated by her cardiac output.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology, Maine Medical Center, Tufts University, Portland, ME 04102, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jumper