title: Biotechnology and genetic engineering in the new drug development. Part III. Biocatalysis, metabolic engineering and molecular modelling.
abstract: Industrial biotechnology has been defined as the use and application of biotechnology for the sustainable processing and production of chemicals, materials and fuels. It makes use of biocatalysts such as microbial communities, whole-cell microorganisms or purified enzymes. In the review these processes are described. Drug design is an iterative process which begins when a chemist identifies a compound that displays an interesting biological profile and ends when both the activity profile and the chemical synthesis of the new chemical entity are optimized. Traditional approaches to drug discovery rely on a stepwise synthesis and screening program for large numbers of compounds to optimize activity profiles. Over the past ten to twenty years, scientists have used computer models of new chemical entities to help define activity profiles, geometries and relativities. This article introduces inter alia the concepts of molecular modelling and contains references for further reading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL 50-370 Wrocław, Poland. s.lochynski@wsf.wroc.pl; mflibrow@cyf-kr.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stryjewska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiepura
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Librowski
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lochyński
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D005942:Gluconates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D008958:Models, Molecular; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D011789:Quantum Theory; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014815:Vitamins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D002511:Cephalosporins; D005942:Gluconates; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014815:Vitamins; C008229:2-ketogluconate; C031327:artemisinin