title: A novel method aimed at counteracting the side effects caused by prostaglandin e2 deficiency during non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays key physiological roles within the body's organs and the systemic environment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the biosynthesis of PGE2, which can lead to global PGE2 deficiency, resulting in serious side effects in the gastrointestinal, renal and other systems. In contrast, various pyridine derivatives have been found to increase endogenous PGE2 levels within multiple organs and the systemic environment. We hypothesised that the use of pyridine derivatives (nicotinic acid, nicotine, niceritrol, nicotinyl alcohol, pyridinol carbamate, pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridostigmine bromide) can recover PGE2 levels during NSAID treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reassessment of experimental data on PGE2 levels in NSAIDs and pyridine derivatives treatment, and in controls from previously published, independent studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, in all our investigations P values for unpaired or pair-wise comparisons were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that using pyridine derivatives along with NSAIDs, such as nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) and selective COX-2 inhibitors, does not reduce endogenous PGE2 expression to below basal levels. This finding is based on both in vitro studies using animal and human tissues and in vivo studies performed with healthy volunteers. Using pyridine derivatives to correct a PGE2 deficiency during NSAID treatment is a novel method that we propose can offer a valuable, cost-effective therapeutic approach to preventing and treating the side effects of NSAIDs.
authors.forename: Serghei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gargaun
authors.affiliation: President, Selag Inc. 203-105 La Rose Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 1A9, Canada. gargaun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liubov
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gargaun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; C023666:pyridine