title: Types of articulation errors in individuals with cleft lip and palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify types of articulation errors in speech camp.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen children with cleft palate with or without lip and articulatory defects in Mahasarakham Province and surrounding area enrolled for 3-day intensive speech camp that was held in Srinagarind Hospital. Assessments of speech and language problems: articulation, resonance, nasal emission/turbulence, voice, and intelligibility were performed. Type of articulation errors were grouped based on standard guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Velar production was the most common types, both at word (75%) and sentence levels (93%) followed by glottal and pharyngeal productions at word level testing (43.75% and 43.75%) and at sentence level (37.5% and 18.75%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal backing of oral targets was the most common speech type. Further study and early prevention for articulation disorders are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. bprathanee@gmail.com
authors.forename: Benjamas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prathanee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tawitree
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pumnum
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Cholada
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seepuaham
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013785:Thailand