title: Pathogenesis and preventive treatment for animal disease due to locoweed poisoning.
abstract: Locoweeds are perennial herbaceous plants included in Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp. that contain the toxic indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine. The livestock that consume locoweed feeding can suffer from a type of toxicity called "locoism." There are aliphatic nitro compounds, selenium, selenium compounds and alkaloids in locoweed. The toxic component in locoweeds has been identified as swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid. Swainsonine inhibits lysosomal α-mannosidase and mannosidase II, resulting in altered oligosaccharide degradation and incomplete glycoprotein processing. As a result, livestock that consume locoweeds exhibit several symptoms, including dispirited behavior, staggering gait, chromatopsia, trembling, ataxia, and cellular vacuolar degeneration of most tissues by pathological observation. Locoism results in significant annual economic losses. Recently, locoweed populations have increased domestically in China and abroad, resulting in an increase in the incidence of poisoning. Therefore, in this paper, we review the current research on locoweed, including on species variation, pathogenesis, damage and poisoning prevention measures.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chenchen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wenlong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiaoxue
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ma
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dandan
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiaowen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shanshan
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pengshuai
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zhaobaoyu12005@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Baoyu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027883:Astragalus Plant; D033021:Oxytropis; D011041:Poisoning / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D017026:Swainsonine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D017026:Swainsonine
keywords: Intoxication; Livestock; Locoweed; Pathogenesis; Swainsonine