title: HGA-2, a novel galactoside-binding lectin from the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea binds to bacterial cells.
abstract: A novel lectin, HGA-2, was isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. The protein was isolated by a single chromatographic step using a column of Guar Gum as affinity. HGA-2 showed an apparent molecular mass of 17 kDa and 34 kDa under reducing and nonreducing conditions, respectively. The hemagglutinating activity was specific for rabbit erythrocytes, showing no activity for human blood A, B and O. Its hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by carbohydrates containing galactose, with higher affinity for GalNAc and glycoprotein porcine stomach mucin (PSM). HGA-2 was stable at pH 6-10, significantly declining at pH 5 and a temperature of 40°C, with its activity being abolished at 100 °C. The HGA-2 protein was found to be Ca(2+)-dependent; it was highly toxic against Artemia nauplii and able to recognize and agglutinate cells of Escherichia coli. Amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides of HGA-2 strongly suggest that HGA-2 is a member of the C-type lectin family.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rômulo Farias
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Winnie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Melo Silva
authors.affiliation: Curso de Medicina, Universidade Potiguar, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho 1610, Lagoa Nova, 59054-0 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raniere da Mata
authors.initials: Rda M
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências do Mar - Labomar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giselle Cristina
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências do Mar - Labomar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oscarina Viana
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jefferson Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: de Sousa Saboya
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas - BioMol-Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 907, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kyria Santiago do
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saker-Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso Shiniti
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Moléculas Biologicamente Ativas - BioMol-Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 907, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Benildo Sousa
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cavada
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici s/n, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: alexholandasampaio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexandre Holanda
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sampaio
mesh_terms: D000373:Agglutinins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D005697:Galactosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006384:Hemagglutination; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D047332:Holothuria / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011817:Rabbits; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000373:Agglutinins; D005697:Galactosides; D007477:Ions; D037102:Lectins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type
keywords: Lectin; Purification; Sea cucumber