title: Characteristics of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and nasal absorption capacity in chicken.
abstract: As the main mucosal immune inductive site of nasal cavity, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) plays an important role in both antigen recognition and immune activation after intranasal immunization. However, the efficiency of intranasal vaccines is commonly restricted by the insufficient intake of antigen by the nasal mucosa, resulting from the nasal mucosal barrier and the nasal mucociliary clearance. The distribution of NALT and the characteristic of nasal cavity have already been described in humans and many laboratory rodents, while data about poultry are scarce. For this purpose, histological sections of the chicken nasal cavities were used to examine the anatomical structure and histological characteristics of nasal cavity. Besides, the absorptive capacity of chicken nasal mucosa was also studied using the materials with different particle size. Results showed that the NALT of chicken was located on the bottom of nasal septum and both sides of choanal cleft, which mainly consisted of second lymphoid follicle. A large number of lymphocytes were distributed under the mucosal epithelium of inferior nasal meatus. In addition, there were also diffuse lymphoid tissues located under the epithelium of the concha nasalis media and the walls of nasal cavity. The results of absorption experiment showed that the chicken nasal mucosa was capable to absorb trypan blue, OVA, and fluorescent latex particles. Inactivated avian influenza virus (IAIV) could be taken up by chicken nasal mucosa except for the stratified squamous epithelium sites located on the forepart of nasal cavity. The intake of IAIV by NALT was greater than that of the nasal mucosa covering on non-lymphoid tissue, which could be further enhanced after intranasal inoculation combined with sodium cholate or CpG DNA. The study on NALT and nasal absorptive capacity will be benefit for further understanding of immune mechanisms after nasal vaccination and development of nasal vaccines for poultry.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengfei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000502:physiology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000378:metabolism; D020358:Sodium Cholate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014612:Vaccines; D010047:Ovalbumin; D014343:Trypan Blue; D020358:Sodium Cholate