title: Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120 as platform biocatalyst for the production of isobutyric acid and other secondary metabolites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the recent years the production of Ehrlich pathway derived chemicals was shown in a variety of hosts such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and yeast. Exemplarily the production of isobutyric acid was demonstrated in Escherichia coli with remarkable titers and yields. However, these examples suffer from byproduct formation due to the fermentative growth mode of the respective organism. We aim at establishing a new aerobic, chassis for the synthesis of isobutyric acid and other interesting metabolites using Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120, an obligate aerobe organism, as host strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overexpression of kivd, coding for a 2-ketoacid decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis in Ps. sp. strain VLB120 enabled for the production of isobutyric acid and isobutanol via the valine synthesis route (Ehrlich pathway). This indicates the existence of chromosomally encoded alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases catalyzing the reduction and oxidation of isobutyraldehyde. In addition we showed that the strain possesses a complete pathway for isobutyric acid metabolization, channeling the compound via isobutyryl-CoA into valine degradation. Three key issues were addressed to allow and optimize isobutyric acid synthesis: i) minimizing isobutyric acid degradation by host intrinsic enzymes, ii) construction of suitable expression systems and iii) streamlining of central carbon metabolism finally leading to production of up to 26.8 ± 1.5 mM isobutyric acid with a carbon yield of 0.12 ± 0.01 g g(glc)⁻¹.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of an increased flux towards isobutyric acid using a tailor-made expression system and the prevention of precursor and product degradation allowed efficient production of isobutyric acid in Ps. sp. strain VLB120. This will be the basis for the development of a continuous reaction process for this bulk chemicals.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zierow
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. katja.buehler@bci.tu-dortmund.de.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buehler
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001711:Biotransformation; D000440:Butanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D058610:Isobutyrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007651:Keto Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000201:enzymology; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D014633:Valine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D000447:Aldehydes; D000440:Butanols; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D058610:Isobutyrates; D007651:Keto Acids; C050106:isobutyryl-coenzyme A; C040507:isobutyl alcohol; C001505:alpha-ketoisovalerate; C020380:isobutyric acid; C017439:isobutyraldehyde; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; D014633:Valine