title: MLVA as a tool for public health surveillance of human Salmonella Typhimurium: prospective study in Belgium and evaluation of MLVA loci stability.
abstract: Surveillance of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is generally considered to benefit from molecular techniques like multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), which allow earlier detection and confinement of outbreaks. Here, a surveillance study, including phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the in Europe most commonly used 5-loci MLVA on 1,420 S. Typhimurium isolates collected between 2010 and 2012 in Belgium, was used to evaluate the added value of MLVA for public health surveillance. Phage types DT193, DT195, DT120, DT104, DT12 and U302 dominate the Belgian S. Typhimurium population. A combined resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracycline (ASSuT) with or without additional resistances was observed for 42.5% of the isolates. 414 different MLVA profiles were detected, of which 14 frequent profiles included 44.4% of the S. Typhimurium population. During a serial passage experiment on selected isolates to investigate the in vitro stability of the 5 MLVA loci, variations over time were observed for loci STTR6, STTR10, STTR5 and STTR9. This study demonstrates that MLVA improves public health surveillance of S. Typhimurium. However, the 5-loci MLVA should be complemented with other subtyping methods for investigation of possible outbreaks with frequent MLVA profiles. Also, variability in these MLVA loci should be taken into account when investigating extended outbreaks and studying dynamics over longer periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIVISP), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wuyts
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mattheus
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Laminne de Bex
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wildemauwe
authors.affiliation: Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIVISP), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nancy H C
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Roosens
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium ; Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, IMinds, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.affiliation: Platform Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIVISP), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sigrid C J
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: De Keersmaecker
authors.affiliation: National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*