title: Use of computational fluid dynamics to estimate hemodynamic effects of respiration on hypoplastic left heart syndrome surgery: total cavopulmonary connection treatments.
abstract: Total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), a typical kind of Fontan procedure, is commonly used in the treatment of a functional single ventricle. The palliative cardiothoracic procedure is performed by connecting the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries. Due to the difficulty of direct study in vivo, in this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was introduced to estimate the outcomes of patient-specific TCPC configuration. We mainly focused on the influence of blood pulsation and respiration. Fast Fourier transforms method was employed to separate the measured flow conditions into the rate of breath and heart beat. Blood flow performance around the TCPC connection was investigated by analyzing the results of time-varying energy losses, blood flow distribution rate, local pressure, and wall shear stress distributions. It was found that the value of energy loss including the influence of respiration was 1.5 times higher than the value of energy loss disregarding respiratory influences. The results indicated that the hemodynamic outcomes of TCPC treatment are obviously influenced by respiration. The influence of respiration plays an important role in estimating the results of TCPC treatment and thus should be included as one of the important conditions of computational haemodynamic analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Australian School of Advanced Medicine, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
authors.forename: Jinfen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: ASMeW Lab, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, TWIns, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umezu
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011312:Pressure; D012119:Respiration; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography