title: ADP1 affects plant architecture by regulating local auxin biosynthesis.
abstract: Plant architecture is one of the key factors that affect plant survival and productivity. Plant body structure is established through the iterative initiation and outgrowth of lateral organs, which are derived from the shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem, after embryogenesis. Here we report that ADP1, a putative MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) transporter, plays an essential role in regulating lateral organ outgrowth, and thus in maintaining normal architecture of Arabidopsis. Elevated expression levels of ADP1 resulted in accelerated plant growth rate, and increased the numbers of axillary branches and flowers. Our molecular and genetic evidence demonstrated that the phenotypes of plants over-expressing ADP1 were caused by reduction of local auxin levels in the meristematic regions. We further discovered that this reduction was probably due to decreased levels of auxin biosynthesis in the local meristematic regions based on the measured reduction in IAA levels and the gene expression data. Simultaneous inactivation of ADP1 and its three closest homologs led to growth retardation, relative reduction of lateral organ number and slightly elevated auxin level. Our results indicated that ADP1-mediated regulation of the local auxin level in meristematic regions is an essential determinant for plant architecture maintenance by restraining the outgrowth of lateral organs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruixi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jieru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shibai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Genji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden ; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 21, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Novák
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Aleš
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pěnčík
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ljung
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuge
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Jia
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018519:Meristem / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C000588907:At4g29140 protein, Arabidopsis; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins