title: Value of intraoperative ultrasonography in tonsil cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exact assessment of a tonsil carcinoma's size is often difficult because of the tumour's submucosal extension and deep infiltration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to assess the usefulness of intraoperative ultrasonography in tonsil cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with carcinoma of the tonsil were included in the study (squamous cell carcinoma keratosis - 12, squamous cell carcinoma akeratosis - 6, diffuse large B cell lymphoma - 1, neoplasma malignum microcellulare - 1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcutaneous, endoscopic, and intraoperative ultrasonography were performed using a linear 7.5 MHz probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in the results was statistically significant between palpation examination and intraoperative ultrasonographic examination, between transcutaneous ultrasonographic examination and intraoperative ultrasonographic examination, and between endoscopic ultrasonographic examination and intraoperative ultrasonographic examination in tonsil tumours. Generally, tumour size assessed by intraoperative ultrasonography was more advanced than those assessed by other methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative ultrasonography is a safe, non-invasive method, which can be repeated at every stage of surgery. There were no contraindications or side effects. In all cases histological margins corresponded to sonographic margins. Intraoperative ultrasonography provides a quick and reliable orientation during resection of tonsil carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pazdrowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poland.
authors.forename: Pieńkowski
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piotr
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kordylewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Golusiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Laryngological Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poland ; Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Golusiński
keywords: Intraoperative ultrasonography (USG); Tonsil carcinoma