title: Quantitation and structural determination of glucosylceramides contained in sake lees.
abstract: Sake lees are solid parts filtered from the mash of sake, the traditional rice wine of Japan, which is brewed with Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The moisture-holding activity of sake lees has long been recognized in Japan. However, the constituent responsible for this activity has not been elucidated. In this study, we first determined the structure of the glucosylceramides contained in sake lees. The glucosylceramides contained in sake lees were N-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d19:2/C18:0h), N-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2/C18:0h), N-2'-hydroxyicosanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2/C20:0h) and N-2'-hydroxyicosanoyl-l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2/C22:0h), which corresponded to those of A. oryzae and rice. The glucosylceramide produced by A. oryzae constituted the most abundant species (43% of the total glucosylceramide) in the sake lees. These results will be of value in the utilization of sake lees for cosmetics and functional foods.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University.
authors.forename: Koshiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakahata
authors.forename: Miyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuge
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagaki
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000378:metabolism*; D003358:Cosmetics; D005285:Fermentation; D055951:Functional Food; D005963:Glucosylceramides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D012275:Oryza; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D005963:Glucosylceramides; D013107:Sphingolipids