title: The rise of the undead: pseudokinases as mediators of effector-triggered immunity.
abstract: Pathogens use effector proteins to suppress host immunity and promote infection. However, plants can recognize specific effectors and mount an effector-triggered immune response that suppresses pathogen growth. The YopJ/HopZ family of type III secreted effector proteins is broadly distributed in bacterial pathogens of both animals and plants. These effectors can either suppress host immunity or elicit defense responses depending on the host genotype. In a recent report, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana pseudokinase ZED1 that is required for the recognition of the Pseudomonas syringae HopZ1a effector. Here we discuss the role of ZED1 in HopZ1a recognition, and present models of effector recognition in plants. We draw parallels between HopZ1a and YopJ effector proteins, and between ZED1 and other immunity-related kinases that can be targeted by pathogen effectors.
authors.affiliation: Plant Gene Expression Center; United States Department of Agriculture; Albany, CA, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley, CA USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bastedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Guttman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada.
authors.forename: Darrell
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desveaux
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C585493:ZED1 protein, Arabidopsis; D010770:Phosphotransferases
keywords: HopZ1a; Pseudomonas syringae; Resistance gene; Xanthomonas; Yersinia; ZAR1; ZED1; ZRK; effector; immunity; kinase