title: The influence of hormonal replacement and growth hormone treatment on the lipids in Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. We assessed the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in TS-women in the context of current hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and growth hormone (GH) treatment during childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information were collected from medical documentation and anamnesis of 165 TS-women (24.9 ± 7.7 yr) between 1995 and 2011. The patients underwent a pituitary-gonadal axis assessment together with measurements of total cholesterol (TC), high- (HDL) and low- (LDL) density lipoproteins, triglycerides (TG), and glucose levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 58% of women were using HRT. No differences were found in the levels of the lipid components and glucose in women who were undergoing HRT compared to those without it. Compared to TS-women without (n  =  113), prior GH treatment in 34 TS-women positively influenced the lipid parameters: TC 5.0 ± 1.1 versus 4.6 ± 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.03), HDL 1.5 ± 0.5 versus 1.4 ± 0.4 mmol/l (p > 0.05), LDL 3.3 ± 0.9 versus 2.9 ± 0.7 mmol/l (p = 0.03), and TG 1.1 ± 0.6 versus 0.8 ± 0.3 g/l (p = 0.009), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) HRT does not affect lipid metabolism in TS-women. (2) The use of GH in TS-children favorably influences their lipid profile in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Community Nursing, Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland .
authors.forename: Tomasz Jerzy
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Irzyniec
authors.forename: Wacław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeż
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D004958:Estradiol