title: SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism.
abstract: Sirtuins such as SIRT1 are conserved protein NAD(+)-dependent deacylases and thus their function is intrinsically linked to cellular metabolism. Over the past two decades, accumulating evidence has indicated that sirtuins are not only important energy status sensors but also protect cells against metabolic stresses. Sirtuins regulate the aging process and are themselves regulated by diet and environmental stress. The versatile functions of sirtuins including, more specifically, SIRT1 are supported by their diverse cellular location allowing cells to sense changes in energy levels in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion. SIRT1 plays a critical role in metabolic health by deacetylating many target proteins in numerous tissues, including liver, muscle, adipose tissue, heart, and endothelium. This sirtuin also exerts important systemic effects via the hypothalamus. This review will cover these topics and suggest that strategies to maintain sirtuin activity may be on the horizon to forestall diseases of aging.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Hung-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: leng@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarente
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056564:Sirtuin 1; D037761:Sirtuins
keywords: CR mimetics; NAD(+); SIRT1; aging; calorie restriction; metabolism; sirtuins