title: Induction of tolerance through mixed chimerism.
abstract: "Mixed chimerism" refers to a state in which the lymphohematopoietic system of the recipient of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells comprises a mixture of host and donor cells. This state is usually attained through either bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Although numerous treatment regimens have led to transplantation tolerance in mice, the induction of mixed chimerism is currently the only treatment modality that has been successfully extended to large animals and to the clinic. Here we describe and compare the use of mixed chimerism to establish transplantation tolerance in mice, pigs, monkeys, and in the clinic. We also attempt to correlate the mechanisms involved in achieving tolerance with the nature of the tolerance that has resulted in each case.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sykes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D046528:Chimerism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D036102:Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous