title: Risk of hearing loss in children exposed to gentamicin for the treatment of sepsis in young infancy: a community based cohort study in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety of gentamicin when used in a community setting to treat neonatal sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in peri-urban areas of Karachi from September 2009 to April 2010. The exposed group consisted of children 6 months to 3 years of age who were treated for sepsis during 0-2 months of age in the community, with a regimen that included gentamicin for at least five days.The control group included children from the same area who never received gentamicin. The outcome measure was hearing loss, which was assessed by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 255 children enrolled, 125 (49%) received gentamicin, while 130 (51%) were not exposed to gentamicin. Children in the gentamicin exposed group were not at increased risk for hearing loss compared to controls (n = 30; 30.9% vs. n = 33; 31.4%, RR 0.98; 95% Cl: 0.60-1.61). Children with history of ear discharge (RR 1.7) and children with family history of deafness (RR 2.0) were more at risk for having hearing loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association was found between hearing loss and gentamicin exposure in a community setting for the management of sepsis in the first two months of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Urooj
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Iftikhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Syed Asad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Shiyam Sunder
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tikmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Anita Kaniz
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins