title: Child-rearing in the context of childhood cancer: perspectives of parents and professionals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated distress has been well documented among parents of children with cancer. Family systems theories suggest that cancer-related stressors and parental distress have the potential to affect child-rearing practices, but this topic has received limited empirical attention. The present work examined self-reported child-rearing practices among mothers and fathers of children with cancer and matched comparisons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical and psychosocial professionals with expertise in pediatric oncology selected items from the Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR) likely to differentiate parents of children with cancer from matched comparison parents. Then, responses on these targeted items were compared between parents of children with cancer (94 mothers, 67 fathers) and matched comparisons (98 mothers, 75 fathers). Effect sizes of between-group differences were compared for mothers versus fathers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pediatric oncology healthcare providers predicted that 14 items would differentiate child-rearing practices of parents of children with cancer from parents of typically developing children. Differences emerged on six of the 14 CRPR items. Parents of children with cancer reported higher levels of spoiling and concern about their child's health and development than comparison parents. Items assessing overprotection and emotional responsiveness did not distinguish the two groups of parents. The effect size for the group difference between mothers in the cancer versus comparison groups was significantly greater than that for fathers on one item related to worry about the child's health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents of children with cancer report differences in some, but not all, domains of child-rearing, as predicted by healthcare professionals.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keeley
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reiter-Purtill
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vannatta
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Noll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D002669:Child Welfare; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate
keywords: cancer; child-rearing; childhood; parenting; pediatric; psychosocial