title: Erectile dysfunction and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northern Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of erectile dysfunction in married male Type-2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Unit Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from July 2011 to Apr 2012, comprising 217 male married Type-2 diabetic patients. Serum samples were assayed for blood glucose, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin A1c. Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio was calculated. Erectile dysfunction was assessed by Sexual Health Inventory for Men questionnaire. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 217 patients were initially interviewed. The mean age was 43.1 +/- 8.160 years. The frequency of drectile dysfunction increased with age, duration of patients and increased body mass index. Overall, 6 (2.8%) patients had no erectile dysfunction, 37 (17.1%) had mild, 82 (37.8%) mild to moderate; 47 (21.7%) moderate; and 45 (20.7%) severe. Higher HbAlc levels and atherogenic dyslipidaemia were associated with erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor glycaemic control was associated with increased erectile dysfunction risk. Duration of diabetes, older age, increased body mass index are associated with increased incidence of the condition in patients with diabetes. Intensive lifestyle changes in the beginning can add to the better management of Type-2 diabetes and prevention of erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Endo & Diabetes Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Hayatabad, Peshawar. ibrar2127@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ibrar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Endo & Diabetes Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Hayatabad, Peshawar.
authors.forename: Aziz ul Hassan
authors.initials: Au
authors.lastname: Aamir
authors.affiliation: Endo & Diabetes Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Hayatabad, Peshawar.
authors.forename: Ejaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: Endo & Diabetes Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Hayatabad, Peshawar.
authors.forename: Sobia Sabir
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Endo & Diabetes Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Hayatabad, Peshawar.
authors.forename: Asfhaq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Endo & Diabetes Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Hayatabad, Peshawar.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids