title: Photoprotective effects of apple peel nanoparticles.
abstract: Plants contain enriched bioactive molecules that can protect against skin diseases. Bioactive molecules become unstable and ineffective due to unfavorable conditions. In the present study, to improve the therapeutic efficacy of phytodrugs and enhance photoprotective capability, we used poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) as a carrier of apple peel ethanolic extract (APETE) on permeation-enhanced nanoparticles (nano-APETE). The in vitro toxicity of nano-APETE-treated dermal fibroblast cells were studied in a bioimpedance system, and the results coincided with the viability assay. In addition, the continuous real-time evaluations of photodamage and photoprotective effect of nano-APETE on cells were studied. Among three different preparations of nano-APETE, the lowest concentration provided small, spherical, monodispersed, uniform particles which show high encapsulation, enhanced uptake, effective scavenging, and sustained intracellular delivery. Also, the nano-APETE is more flexible, allowing it to permeate through skin lipid membrane and release the drug in a sustained manner, thus confirming its ability as a sustained transdermal delivery. In summary, 50 μM nano-APETE shows strong synergistic photoprotective effects, thus demonstrating its higher activity on target sites for the treatment of skin damage, and would be of broad interest in the field of skin therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanotechnology, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Devasier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bennet
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nano Chemistry, Gachon University, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongback
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanotechnology, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea ; Graduate Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Inchon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sanghyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013473:Sunscreening Agents
keywords: antioxidant; apple peel ethanolic extract; cellular uptake; electric cell-substrate impedance sensing; light-induced damage; phyto-drugs