title: Anti-inflammatory Effect of Isaria sinclairii Glycosaminoglycan in an Adjuvant-treated Arthritis Rat Model.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory effects of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) derived from Isaria sinclairii (IS) and of IS extracts were investigated in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-treated chronic arthritis rat model. Groups of rats were treated orally with 30 mg/kg one of the following: [1] saline control, extracts of [2] water-IS, [3] methanol-IS, [4] butanol-IS, [5] ethyl acetate-IS, or [6] Indomethacin® as the positive control for a period of two weeks. The anti-paw edema effects of the individual extracts were in the following order: water-IS ex. > methanol ex. > butanol ex. > ethyl acetate ex. The water/methanol extract from I. sinclairii remarkably inhibited UV-mediated upregulation of NF-κB activity in transfected HaCaT cells. GAG as a water-soluble alcohol precipitated fraction also produced a noticeable anti-edema effect. This GAG also inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of prostaglandin E2-stimulated lipopolysaccharide in LAW 264.7 cells, cytokine TNF-α production in splenocytes, and atherogenesis cytokine levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in HUVEC cells in a dose-dependent manner. In the histological analysis, the LV dorsal root ganglion, including the articular cartilage, and linked to the paw-treated IS GAG, was repaired against CFA-induced cartilage destruction. Combined treatment with Indomethacin® (5 mg/kg) and IS GAG (10 mg/kg) also more effectively inhibited CFA-induced paw edema at 3 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr to levels comparable to the anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. Thus, the IS GAG described here holds great promise as an anti-inflammatory drug in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Duck
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sam
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Glycosaminoglycan; Inflammation; Isaria sinclairii