title: Preperitoneal tunneling-a novel technique in peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study describes a new preperitoneal tunneling (PPT) method for inserting a peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC), thereby lessening surgical complications and increasing the catheter's survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  This new technique was used in 23 cases from December 2005 to January 2007 and followed up until March 2011 (63 months). The procedure was performed laparoscopically under local (16 cases) or general (7 cases) anesthesia by one surgeon. Catheter survival is reported by Kaplan-Meyer analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The catheters were mechanically obstructed in 2/23 cases (8.7%); and were withdrawn due to a peritonitis in 2 cases and inadequacy of peritoneal dialysis in 1 case. Ten patients received kidney transplantation and six died before completing this follow-up period. The patients still reaped the benefits of the PDC until receiving a kidney transplant or death. The 5-year survival rate of the catheter was 89%. No incidence of catheter migration, omental wrapping, herniation or leakage was noticed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preperitoneal tunneling is a simple and safe method for insertion of PDC, and can effectively prevent catheter migration, dislocation and omental wrapping.
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Hadi Saeed
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Modaghegh
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamhossein
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kazemzadeh
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Yaser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rajabnejad
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nazemian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Preperitoneal tunneling; peritoneal dialysis; peritoneal dialysis catheter