title: Sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic non-obstructive urinary retention in incomplete spinal cord patients: a ten-year follow-up single-centre experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the success rate of percutaneous first stage of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) and the efficacy and safety of permanent SNM for incomplete spinal cord lesion (SCL) patients suffering from chronic neurogenic non-obstructive urinary retention (N-NOR).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2003 to December 2012, 85 individuals underwent the percutaneous first stage of SNM. Subsequently, only responders who reached a concomitant reduction by at least 50% of volume per catheterization and in the number of catheterizations per day comparing their 7-day voiding diaries at baseline underwent permanent SNM. Final follow-up was conducted by April 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six individuals responded to percutaneous first stage of SNM. Post-surgery urodynamics documented all patients experiencing first sensation of bladder filling. A statistically significant increase in Qmax ml per sec and decrease in post-voiding residual urine per ml were documented. (P<0.01). First sensation of bladder filling at baseline represented a statistically significant parameter for the success of the first stage SNM (P<0.05). Eleven out of 34 patients at follow-ups were 'inconstant responders' because they returned to similar baseline voiding symptoms, but responded again with an implant on the controlateral S3 sacral root. Two failed twice and responded once again after an S4 sacral root implant. All but one failure occurred more than 3 years after the previous implant. Other drawbacks were resolved telemetrically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research is needed to increase the success rate of the first stage SNM on incomplete SCL patients with N-NOR. Permanent SNM is highly efficacious in the medium follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-urology department, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.affiliation: Neuro-urology department, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Musco
authors.affiliation: Neuro-urology department, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Celso
authors.affiliation: Neuro-urology department, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Del Corso
authors.affiliation: Neuro-urology department, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Popolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult