title: Methods for facilitating microbial growth on pulp mill waste streams and characterization of the biodegradation potential of cultured microbes.
abstract: The kraft process is applied to wood chips for separation of lignin from the polysaccharides within lignocellulose for pulp that will produce a high quality paper. Black liquor is a pulping waste generated by the kraft process that has potential for downstream bioconversion. However, the recalcitrant nature of the lignocellulose resources, its chemical derivatives that constitute the majority of available organic carbon within black liquor, and its basic pH present challenges to microbial biodegradation of this waste material. Methods for the collection and modification of black liquor for microbial growth are aimed at utilization of this pulp waste to convert the lignin, organic acids, and polysaccharide degradation byproducts into valuable chemicals. The lignocellulose extraction techniques presented provide a reproducible method for preparation of lignocellulose growth substrates for understanding metabolic capacities of cultured microorganisms. Use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry enables the identification and quantification of the fermentation products resulting from the growth of microorganisms on pulping waste. These methods when used together can facilitate the determination of the metabolic activity of microorganisms with potential to produce fermentation products that would provide greater value to the pulping system and reduce effluent waste, thereby increasing potential paper milling profits and offering additional uses for black liquor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University.
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grunden
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010209:Paper; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin