title: Enhanced hepatoprotective activity of andrographolide complexed with a biomaterial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Humic acid (HA), a natural organic matter is recently being investigated for pharmaceutical purposes. Andrographolide (AGP), a potent hepatoprotective, possesses low aqueous solubility which results in a low bioavailability after oral administration, inappropriate tissue localization and consequently poor therapeutic application.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates the complexation of AGP with HA to increase its solubility and hepatoprotective efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complexes prepared by solvent evaporation in various weight ratios were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complexed AGP demonstrated improved solubility, dissolution, and permeation across rat intestine. It also displayed better hepatoprotection against carbontetrachloride-induced liver toxicity than the free drug in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complexation with HA is a valuable technique to improve solubility and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Modern College of Pharmacy , Yamunanagar, Pune, Maharashtra , India and.
authors.forename: Amol D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thingale
authors.forename: Karimunnisa S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Prajakta R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Channekar
authors.forename: Upendra C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Galgatte
authors.forename: Praveen D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.forename: Chellampillai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bothiraja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006812:Humic Substances; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004224:Diterpenes; D006812:Humic Substances; D012997:Solvents; C030419:andrographolide; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride
keywords: Andrographolide; biomaterial; hepatoprotective; humic acid; solubility