title: Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of intractable seminal vesiculitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy and safety of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of intractable seminal vesiculitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective observational study enrolled patients with intractable seminal vesiculitis. The transurethral seminal vesiculoscope was inserted into the bilateral ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles, via the urethra. The ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles were visualized to confirm the diagnosis of seminal vesiculitis and to determine the cause of the disease. The seminal vesicles were washed repeatedly using 0.90% (w/v) sodium chloride before a 0.50% (w/v) levofloxacin solution was injected into the seminal vesicles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 114 patients participated in the study and 106 patients underwent bilateral seminal vesiculoscopy. Six patients with postoperative painful ejaculation were treated successfully with oral antibiotics and α-blockers. Two patients with postoperative epididymitis were treated successfully with a 1-week course of antibiotics. Haematospermia was alleviated in 94 of 106 patients (89%), and their pain and discomfort had either disappeared or had been obviously relieved, following treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is effective for diagnosing and treating intractable seminal vesiculitis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Bianjiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pengchao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiexiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ninghong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zengjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Seminal vesiculoscopy; efficacy; minimally invasive; safety; seminal vesiculitis