title: The Effect of Parkinson Drug Timing on Cardiovascular Response during Treadmill Exercise in a Person with Parkinson Disease and Freezing of Gait.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the response of cerebral oxygenation during treadmill walking in a person with Parkinson disease (PD) who experiences freezing of gait (FOG) and to determine whether the oxygen response was related to the timing of his PD medication. Client Description: A 61-year-old man with PD performed two bouts of treadmill testing on the same day, during the on- and off-phases of his PD medication. Measures and Outcome: The client experienced two FOG episodes during the first testing session (on-phase with hypokinetic movement session). Cerebral oxygen response (measured by near-infrared spectroscopy) was stable until the FOG episodes occurred, at which point it decreased until the FOG episode was over. No electrocardiogram (ECG) changes or lightheadedness were noted; blood pressure (BP) remained stable. During the second exercise testing session (off-phase with dyskinetic movement session), the client did not experience any FOG episodes, and his cerebral oxygen response remained stable. Toward the end of the second testing session, he experienced lightheadedness and a drop in BP of approximately 30 mmHg, along with significant ST segment depression on his ECG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Haemodynamic and cerebral oxygen changes occurred that were specific to the timing of the client's PD medication and to his FOG episodes. This case study shows a person with PD demonstrating decreased cerebral oxygenation during FOG, which may be based on his variable response to levodopa medication or may be attributable to as yet unidentified physiologic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wis., USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wis., USA.
authors.forename: Reid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, Colo., USA.
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Steffen
keywords: Parkinson disease; blood pressure; exercise; levodopa; near-infrared spectroscopy