title: [Use of the materials based on partially reduced graphene-oxide with silver nanoparticle as bacteriostatic and bactericidal agent].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Researches have been synthesizing nanocomposites with antibacterial properties for a dozen of years. A lot of study have confirmed a high antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles and oxygraphene. Silica, titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatites of 1-100 nm are used as carrier for these composites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To synthesise graphene-silver nanocomposites and to determine their antibacterial properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following bacteria strains from the American Type Culture Collection were tested: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 (Gram-negative bacteria), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 (Gram-negative bacteria). Clinical isolates of bacteria strains (from wounds) were also tested (from species of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The antibacterial effect of nanocomposites was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values according to the reference methods of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for the determination of MICs of aerobic bacteria by broth microdilution. The samples have physical and chemical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed bacteriostatic (0.4-1.6 microg/ml) and bactericidal (0.4-3.2 microg/ml) efficacy of composities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The synthesized nanocomposites of graphene-oxide can be used in biology and medicine as bacteriostatic and bactericidal factor and may be used as an alternative to antibiotics and chemioterapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Wydzial Nauk Biologicznych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław, Polska. anna.kedziora@microb.uni.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kedziora
authors.affiliation: Instytut Niskich Temperatur i Badań Strukturalnych, Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Yurij
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gerasymchuk
authors.affiliation: Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Wydzial Nauk Biologicznych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.affiliation: Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Wydzial Nauk Biologicznych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bugla-Płoskońska
authors.affiliation: Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Wydzial Nauk Biologicznych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doroszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Zakład Chirurgii Eksperymentalnej i Badania Biomateriałów, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Slaskich we Wrocławiu, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rybak
authors.affiliation: Instytut Niskich Temperatur i Badań Strukturalnych, Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Darek C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hreniak
authors.affiliation: Instytut Niskich Temperatur i Badań Strukturalnych, Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilgusz
authors.affiliation: Instytut Niskich Temperatur i Badań Strukturalnych, Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Wiesław A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Strek
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver; D006108:Graphite