title: Implications for food safety of the uptake by tomato of 25 trace-elements from a phosphogypsum amended soil from SW Spain.
abstract: Phosphogypsum (PG) has been usually applied as Ca-amendment to reclaim sodic soils such as those in the marshland area of Lebrija (SW Spain). This work aimed at the effects of PG amendments on the uptake of trace-elements by tomato and its implications for food safety. A completely randomized experiment was performed using a representative soil from Lebrija in a greenhouse involving six replicates and four PG treatments equivalent to 0, 20, 60, and 200 Mg ha(-1). Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) were determined for Be, B, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Th and U. The highest TF in shoots was observed for Cd (4.0; 1.5 in fruits), its concentration being increased with increasing PG doses due to its content in this metal (2.1 mg Cd kg(-1)PG). Phosphogypsum applying decreased the concentrations of Mn, Co and Cu in shoots; and of B, Cu, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl and Th in fruits, however enhanced the accumulation of Se in fruits. Although Cd concentrations in tomato were below the maximum allowed levels in control pots (0 Mg PG ha(-1)), PG amendments above 60 Mg ha(-1) exceeded such limits.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, EPS, c/Virgen de África n° 7, D.P. 41011, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enamorado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, EPS, c/Virgen de África n° 7, D.P. 41011, Seville, Spain. Electronic address: jmabril@us.es.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abril
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, D.P. 41013, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, EPS, c/Virgen de África n° 7, D.P. 41011, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Más
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service of the University of Seville (SIA-CITIUS), Ctra. Utrera Km. 1, D.P. 41013, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Oliva
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Polvillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, D.P. 41013, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Quintero
mesh_terms: D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D059022:Food Safety; D005638:Fruit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D058955:Metalloids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058955:Metalloids; D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C077769:phosphogypsum; D010758:Phosphorus; D002133:Calcium Sulfate
keywords: Food safety; Heavy metals; Phosphogypsum; Soil amendment; Transfer factor