title: Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery.
abstract: A major challenge in human genetics is to devise a systematic strategy to integrate disease-associated variants with diverse genomic and biological data sets to provide insight into disease pathogenesis and guide drug discovery for complex traits such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis in a total of >100,000 subjects of European and Asian ancestries (29,880 RA cases and 73,758 controls), by evaluating ∼10 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We discovered 42 novel RA risk loci at a genome-wide level of significance, bringing the total to 101 (refs 2 - 4). We devised an in silico pipeline using established bioinformatics methods based on functional annotation, cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci and pathway analyses--as well as novel methods based on genetic overlap with human primary immunodeficiency, haematological cancer somatic mutations and knockout mouse phenotypes--to identify 98 biological candidate genes at these 101 risk loci. We demonstrate that these genes are the targets of approved therapies for RA, and further suggest that drugs approved for other indications may be repurposed for the treatment of RA. Together, this comprehensive genetic study sheds light on fundamental genes, pathways and cell types that contribute to RA pathogenesis, and provides empirical evidence that the genetics of RA can provide important information for drug discovery.
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [4] Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. [5] Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Gosia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trynka
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Towfique
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. [2] Department of Rheumatology and Clinical immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikashi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.affiliation: Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ortmann
authors.affiliation: Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhangale
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.affiliation: New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center and The Center for Rheumatology, Albany, New York 12206, USA.
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York, Presbyterian Hospital, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Lingying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ding-Feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: 1] University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. [2] Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. [2] Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada. [3] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 2J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keystone
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harm-Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Westra
authors.affiliation: 1] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Tõnu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esko
authors.affiliation: Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metspalu
authors.affiliation: School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xuezhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mirel
authors.affiliation: The Department of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Eli A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Dorothée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diogo
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Myouzen
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coenen
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Piet L C M
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: van Riel
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Arthritis Center Twente, University Twente & Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mart A F J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van de Laar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk-Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Guchelaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tom W J
authors.initials: TW
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authors.affiliation: 1] Service de Rhumatologie et INSERM U699 Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75018, France. [2] Université Paris 7-Diderot, Paris 75013, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dieudé
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1012, Université Paris-Sud, Rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94275, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mariette
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
authors.forename: S Louis
authors.initials: SL
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authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhernakova
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rene E M
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Toes
authors.affiliation: 1] AMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands. [2] GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK. [3] University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1012, Université Paris-Sud, Rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94275, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miceli-Richard
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, South Korea.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada 18100, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV, Santander 39008, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gay
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden. [2] Department of Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.
authors.forename: Solbritt
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rantapää-Dahlqvist
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden. [2] Department of Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arlestig
authors.affiliation: 1] Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. [3] Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Hyon K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris 75010, France.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamatani
authors.affiliation: Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, UREN (Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit), Inserm (U557), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Bobigny 93017, France.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.affiliation: McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G1 Canada.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lathrop
authors.affiliation: 1] Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. [2] National Institute for Health Research, Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eyre
authors.affiliation: 1] Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. [2] National Institute for Health Research, Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowes
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology & Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Niek
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Moreland
authors.affiliation: Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Criswell
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Karlson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Statistical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Jun S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: 1] Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK. [2] National Institute for Health Research, Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padyukov
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klareskog
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [4] NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical, Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raychaudhuri
authors.affiliation: 1] Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. [2] Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Stranger
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: De Jager
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lude
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: 1] University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. [2] Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.affiliation: University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Huji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.affiliation: 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. [2] Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada. [3] Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Siminovitch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momohara
authors.affiliation: 1] Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. [2] Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. [3] Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) Unite U852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: 1] Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. [2] Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: 1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Plenge
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019295:Computational Biology; D055808:Drug Discovery; D058492:Drug Repositioning; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics