title: The reverse Segond fracture: not associated with knee dislocation and rarely with posterior cruciate ligament tear.
abstract: The aims of this study were to assess the incidence of reverse Segond fracture, to examine the associated ligamentous injuries, and to examine how often reverse Segond fracture coexists with a knee dislocation. At a level 1 trauma center, an 11-year period of emergency department multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) examinations for knee trauma was evaluated for reverse Segond and Segond fractures. Surgical findings served as the reference standard for intra-articular injuries. The hospital discharge register was searched for the diagnosis of knee dislocation from August 2000 through the end of August 2011. A total of 1,553 knee MDCT examinations were evaluated. Ten patients with a reverse Segond fracture were found, comprising 0.64 % of emergency room acute knee trauma MDCT examinations. Seven patients who had a reverse Segond fracture were operated: Three had an avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament, one had an avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament, two had a lateral meniscal tear, and two had a medial collateral ligament tear. The ratio of reverse Segond fractures to Segond fractures was 1:4. None of the 71 knee dislocation patients had a reverse Segond fracture. Reverse Segond fracture is a rare finding even in a level 1 trauma center. Cruciate ligament injuries appear to be associated with avulsion fracture, but every patient does not have PCL injury, as previously reported. Our results do not support the association of knee dislocation with reverse Segond fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Töölö Trauma Center, Topeliuksenkatu 5, Helsinki, PL 266, 00029 HUS, Finland, erno.peltola@fimnet.fi.
authors.forename: Erno K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: Seppo K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Koskinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000293:injuries*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries