title: Redundancy analysis of autonomic and self-reported, responses to induced emotions.
abstract: The issue of concordance among the elements of emotional states has been prominent in the literature since Lang (1968) explored the topic in relation to therapy for anxiety. Since that time, a consensus has emerged that concordance among these components is relatively low. To address this issue, redundancy analysis, a technique for examining directional relationships between two sets of multivariate data, was applied to data from a previously published study (Stephens, Christie, & Friedman, 2010). Subjects in this study listened to emotion-inducing music and viewed affective films while a montage of autonomic variables, as well as self-reported affective responses, were recorded. Results indicated that approximately 27-28% of the variance in self-reported affect could be explained by autonomic variables, and vice-versa. When all of the constraints of this emotion research paradigm are considered, these levels of explained variance indicate substantial coherence between feelings and physiology during the emotion inductions. These results are considered vis-à-vis the low levels of coherence that have often been reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology (0436), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0436, United States. Electronic address: bhfriedm@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and NASA Langley Research Center, United States.
authors.forename: Chad L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, United States.
authors.forename: Julian F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Thayer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012119:Respiration; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Autonomic nervous system; Emotion concordance; Emotion synchrony; Multivariate analysis; Redundancy analysis