title: Amide-type adduct of dopamine - plausible cause of Parkinson diseases.
abstract: Dopamine is the endogenous neurotransmitter produced by nigral neurons. Dopamine loss can trigger not only prominent secondary morphological changes, but also changes in the density and sensitivity of dopamine receptors; therefore, it is a sign of PD development. The reasons for dopamine loss are attributed to dopamine's molecular instability due to it is a member of catecholamine family, whose catechol structure contributes to high oxidative stress through enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation. Oxidative stress in the brain easily leads to the lipid peroxidation reaction due to a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6/ω-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C18:4/ω-6). Recent studies have shown that lipid hydroperoxides, the primary peroxidative products, could non-specifically react with primary amino groups to form N-acyl-type (amide-linkage) adducts. Therefore, based on the NH2-teminals in dopamine's structure, the aims of this chapter are to describes the possibility that reactive LOOH species derived from DHA/AA lipid peroxidation may modify dopamine to form amide-linkage dopamine adducts, which might be related to etiology of Parkinson's diseases.
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan, xueboliu@nwsuaf.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xuebo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Naruomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osawa
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D004298:Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D004298:Dopamine