title: Quantitative and qualitative intrapatient comparison of 68Ga-DOTATOC and 68Ga-DOTATATE: net uptake rate for accurate quantification.
abstract: Quantitative imaging and dosimetry are crucial for individualized treatment during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). (177)Lu-DOTATATE and (68)Ga-DOTATOC/(68)Ga-DOTATATE are used, respectively, for PRRT and PET examinations targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in patients affected by neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of the study was to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the performance of (68)Ga-DOTATOC and (68)Ga-DOTATATE in the context of subsequent PRRT with (177)Lu-DOTATATE under standardized conditions in the same patient as well as to investigate the sufficiency of standardized uptake value (SUV) for estimation of SSTR expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors underwent one 45-min dynamic and 3 whole-body PET/CT examinations at 1, 2, and 3 h after injection with both tracers. The number of detected lesions, SUVs in lesions and normal tissue, total functional tumor volume, and SSTR volume (functional tumor volume multiplied by mean SUV) were investigated for each time point. Net uptake rate (Ki) was calculated according to the Patlak method for 3 tumors per patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in lesion count, lesion SUV, Ki, functional tumor volume, or SSTR volume between (68)Ga-DOTATOC and (68)Ga-DOTATATE at any time point. The detection rate was similar, although with differences for single lesions in occasional patients. For healthy organs, marginally higher uptake of (68)Ga-DOTATATE was observed in kidneys, bone marrow, and liver at 1 h. (68)Ga-DOTATOC uptake was higher in mediastinal blood pool at the 1-h time point (P = 0.018). The tumor-to-liver ratio was marginally higher for (68)Ga-DOTATOC at the 3-h time point (P = 0.037). Blood clearance was fast and similar for both tracers. SUV did not correlate with Ki linearly and achieved saturation for a Ki of greater than 0.2 mL/cm(3)/min, corresponding to an SUV of more than 25.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (68)Ga-DOTATOC and (68)Ga-DOTATATE are suited equally well for staging and patient selection for PRRT with (177)Lu-DOTATATE. However, the slight difference in the healthy organ distribution and excretion may render (68)Ga-DOTATATE preferable. SUV did not correlate linearly with Ki and thus may not reflect the SSTR density accurately at its higher values, whereas Ki might be the outcome measure of choice for quantification of SSTR density and assessment of treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: PET and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Velikyan
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundin
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sörensen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lubberink
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Garske-Román
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Granberg
authors.forename: Barbro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011786:Quality Control; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: C499142:Ga(III)-DOTATOC; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C513399:gallium Ga 68 dotatate; D015282:Octreotide
keywords: 68Ga; PET; [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE; [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC; neuroendocrine tumor; somatostatin