title: Long-term effects of nanoscaled titanium dioxide on the cladoceran Daphnia magna over six generations.
abstract: We investigated the impact of nanoscaled titanium dioxide (nTiO2) on Daphnia magna populations in a multi-generational study over six generations (F0-F5). Each generation was exposed for 21 days to nTiO2 (AEROXIDE(®) TiO2 P25, primary particle size 21 nm) while mortality, individual growth, reproduction and population growth rates (PGR) were assessed as endpoints. The size distribution of nTiO2 in the single test media was analysed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). nTiO2 concentrations were measured using ICP-MS. Mortality and individual growth of D. magna were significantly affected with increasing exposure duration and concentration. Daphnids demonstrated decreasing reproduction over generations in all treatment groups (1.19-6 mg/L) but not in the control. At concentration levels of 1.78 mg/L chronic exposure resulted in a population collapse after five generations. This study indicates that multi-generational studies are suitable for evaluating long-term effects of nanoparticles since they reflect potential effects more accurately than single generation tests.
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobasch
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giebner
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alsenz
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Potouridis
authors.affiliation: International Graduate School Zittau, Department for Bio and Environmental Science, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.affiliation: International Graduate School Zittau, Department for Bio and Environmental Science, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany.
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oehlmann
authors.affiliation: Goethe University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: oetken@bio.uni-frankfurt.de.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oetken
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013995:Time; D014025:Titanium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: AEROXIDE(®) TiO(2) P25; Daphnia magna; Multi-generational study; Nanomaterial; Population collapse