title: Knowledge, group-based medical mistrust, future expectations, and perceived disadvantages of medical genetic testing: perspectives of Black African immigrants/refugees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reasons for low participation of ethnic minorities in genetic studies are multifactorial and often poorly understood. Based on published literature, participation in genetic testing is low among Black African immigrants/refugees although they are purported to bear disproportionate disease burden. Thus, research involving Black African immigrant/refugee populations that examine their perspectives on participating in genetic studies is needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This report examines and describes the knowledge of medical genetics, group-based medical mistrust, and future expectations of genetic research and the influence of these measures on the perceived disadvantages of genetic testing among Black African immigrants/refugees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cross-sectional survey design, a nonprobability sample (n = 212) of Black African immigrants/refugees was administered a questionnaire. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 61 years (mean = 38.91, SD = 9.78). The questionnaire consisted of 5 instruments: (a) sociodemographic characteristics, (b) Knowledge of Medical Genetics scale, (c) Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale, (d) Future Expectations/Anticipated Consequences of Genetics Research scale, and (e) Perceived Disadvantages of Genetic Testing scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants were concerned that genetic research may result in scientists 'playing God,' interfering with the natural order of life. In multivariate analyses, the perceived disadvantages of genetic testing increased as medical mistrust and anticipated negative impacts of genetic testing increased. Increase in genetic knowledge contributed to a decrease in perceived disadvantages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that recruitment of Black African immigrants/refugees in genetic studies should address potential low knowledge of genetics, concerns about medical mistrust, the expectations/anticipated consequences of genetic research, and the perceived disadvantages of genetic testing.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wis., USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buseh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Millon-Underwood
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Townsend
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology*; D063508:Social Discrimination; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American