title: Preparation of Ga-68-NOTA as a renal PET agent and feasibility tests in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positron emission tomography (PET) may provide more accurate quantification of kidney function such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than gamma imaging. The purpose of these experiments was to prepare and evaluate Ga-68 complexes as potential PET agents for measurement of GFR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We labeled EDTA, DTPA, DOTA, and NOTA with Ga-68 obtained from a Ge-68/Ga-68-generator and measured the binding to serum and red blood cells. Biodistribution study was performed in male BALB/c mice after intravenous injection together with Cr-51-EDTA as the standard for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement. Animal-PET study was performed using BALB/c mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the tested chelating agents except DTPA showed quantitative labeling yields (>99%). Among them, Ga-68-NOTA showed consistently low binding to both human and mouse RBC and serum protein. Biodistribution study showed no significant difference between Ga-68-NOTA and Cr-51-EDTA groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p>0.05). Furthermore, the GFR values obtained by Ga-68-NOTA and Cr-51-EDTA were almost same (0.26±0.04 and 0.25±0.04mL/min, respectively). Animal-PET study showed almost the same GFR (0.25mL/min) with the values obtained by biodistribution study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We proved that an easy-to-prepare agent Ga-68-NOTA is ideal for renal PET as well as for GFR measurement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: jmjng@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, WCU Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: June-Key
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011854:Radiochemistry
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; C048993:1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid
keywords: DTPA; GFR; Gallium-68; Glomerular filtration; Kidney function; NOTA