title: Efficacy of binary combinations of botanical pesticides for rotifer elimination in microalgal cultivation.
abstract: Binary interactions of celangulin, matrine and toosendanin against the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were studied. Types of interactions (antagonism, synergism and addition) were dependent on the biocides themselves and their ratios in combinations. Mixtures of matrine/toosendanin mainly produced addition owing to their similar modes of action aiming at the nervous system. Combinations of celangulin mixed with matrine or toosendanin at 1:9 exhibited synergism, which is attributed to the interference of matrine or toosendanin with the detoxification enzymes of celangulin. Both the synergistic combinations were inappropriate for rotifer extermination in Isochrysis sp. cultivation owing to the high phytotoxicity resulting from the absence of cell walls. However, the celangulin/toosendanin (1:9) mixture decreased rotifer reproduction without damaging cells of Chlorella and Nannochloropsis sp. Application of frequent, low doses of celangulin/toosendanin (1:9) mixture also reduced the dosage of biocides, thereby reducing the cost of exterminating rotifers, and indicating a considerable practical application in microalgal cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China; Nantong Branch, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nantong 226004, PR China. Electronic address: jgliu@qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
authors.forename: Litao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000633:toxicity; D058086:Microalgae / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000378:metabolism; D011789:Quantum Theory; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000633:toxicity; D012403:Rotifera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000093842:Matrines; D014315:Triterpenes
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010575:Pesticides; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D011807:Quinolizines; D000093842:Matrines; C036454:toosendanin; D014315:Triterpenes
keywords: Binary interaction; Botanical pesticides; Microalgal cultivation; Rotifer contamination