title: Relation of the estrogen receptor and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Mexican-mestizo women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since osteoporosis is a complex disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), which is determined by an interaction of genetics with metabolic and environmental factors, the aim of this study was to analyze the possible association among one polymorphism of VDR and two polymorphisms of ESR1; as well as their haplotypes with BMD in postmenopausal Mexican-mestizo women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 742 postmenopausal Mexican-mestizo women. A structured questionnaire for risk factors was applied and BMD was measured in the lumbar spine and total hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. One polymorphism of VDR (rs11568820) and two of ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) were studied. Real-time PCR allelic discrimination was used for genotyping. The differences between the means of the BMDs according to genotype were analyzed with covariance. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated by direct correlation r(2); haplotype analysis was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rs9340799 of ESR1 and one haplotype formed by the two polymorphisms of the ESR1 were significantly associated with FN-BMD variations. Moreover, analysis of the genotype of rs11568820 of VDR and the rs2234693 of ESR1 showed no significant differences with BMD variations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that rs9340799 and one haplotype of ESR1 were significantly associated with BMD only at the femoral neck and this association remained after adjusting for covariates.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Centro, UMAE "Lomas Verdes", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rojano-Mejía
authors.affiliation: Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., Mexico; Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ramón Mauricio
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Coral-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: División de Investigación Biomédica, Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coronel
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Regional Tacuba, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cortes-Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 20, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Carmen Aguirre-García
authors.affiliation: División de Investigación Biomédica, Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Elith Yazmin
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Valencia-Villalvazo
authors.affiliation: División de Investigación Biomédica, Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: ipcanto@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000235:genetics; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human
keywords: BMD; BMI; Body mass index; Bone mineral density; CV; Coefficient of variation; DXA; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ESR1; Estrogen receptor alpha; FN; Femoral neck; HWE; Haplotypes; Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; LD; LS; Linkage disequilibrium; Lumbar spine; N; Number of postmenopausal women; Polymorphisms; Postmenopausal Mexican mestizo women; SD; SNPs; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Standard deviation; TH; Total hip; VDR; Vitamin D receptor