title: Highly stable organic polymer field-effect transistor sensor for selective detection in the marine environment.
abstract: In recent decades, the susceptibility to degradation in both ambient and aqueous environments has prevented organic electronics from gaining rapid traction for sensing applications. Here we report an organic field-effect transistor sensor that overcomes this barrier using a solution-processable isoindigo-based polymer semiconductor. More importantly, these organic field-effect transistor sensors are stable in both freshwater and seawater environments over extended periods of time. The organic field-effect transistor sensors are further capable of selectively sensing heavy-metal ions in seawater. This discovery has potential for inexpensive, ink-jet printed, and large-scale environmental monitoring devices that can be deployed in areas once thought of as beyond the scope of organic materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Knopfmacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Mallory L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hammock
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North South Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012666:Semiconductors; D012996:Solutions; D014173:Transistors, Electronic
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011108:Polymers; D012996:Solutions