title: The dissolution enhancement of piroxicam in its physical mixtures and solid dispersion formulations using gluconolactone and glucosamine hydrochloride as potential carriers.
abstract: The solid dispersion technique is one of the most effective methods for improving the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs; however this is reliant on a suitable carrier and solvent being selected. The work presented explores amino sugars (d-glucosamine HCl and d-gluconolactone) as potential hydrophilic carriers to improve dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, piroxicam, from physical mixtures and solid dispersion formulations. Solid dispersions of the drug and carrier were prepared using different ratios by the conventional solvent evaporation method. Acetone was used as solvent in the preparation of solid dispersions. Physical mixtures of piroxicam and carrier were also prepared for comparison. The properties of all solid dispersions and physical mixtures were studied using a dissolution tester, Fourier transform infrared, XRD, SEM and differential scanning calorimetry. These results showed that the presence of glucosamine or gluconolactone can increase dissolution rate of piroxicam compared to pure piroxicam. Glucosamine or Gluconolactone could be used as carrier in solid dispersion formulations and physical mixtures to enhance the dissolution rate. Solid state studies showed that no significant changes occurred for piroxicam in physical mixtures and solid dispersion.
authors.affiliation: Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent , Kent , UK .
authors.forename: Hiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Hamidi
authors.forename: Wasfy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Obeidat
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nokhodchi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005942:Gluconates; D007783:Lactones; D010894:Piroxicam; D005944:Glucosamine; C010730:beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
keywords: Dissolution rate; gluconolactone; glucosamine; piroxicam; polymorphism; solid dispersion