title: Perspectives on narrow-band imaging endoscopy for superficial squamous neoplasms of the orohypopharynx and esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is widely available and over the last decade has been applied as a detection and characterization technique for superficial neoplasms of the aerodigestive tract. The aims of the present study were to systematically review clinical trials of NBI endoscopy and to investigate an upgraded NBI system using a novel endoscope for superficial squamous neoplasms in the orohypopharynx and esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies on the diagnostic use of NBI endoscopy for superficial squamous neoplasms in the orohypopharynx and esophagus were retrieved from MEDLINE and PubMed and reviewed. An upgraded NBI system using a novel endoscope was investigated with our clinical cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In many clinical trials, NBI endoscopy with or without magnification had high diagnostic value for superficial squamousneoplasms in the orohypopharynx and esophagus. An upgraded NBI system can produce a significantly brighter endoscopic view than conventional endoscopes with high-quality magnified images that could be used to diagnose superficial squamous neoplasms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NBI endoscopy with or without magnification has diagnostic utility for superficial squamous neoplasms in the orohypopharynx and esophagus. The upgraded NBI endoscopic system is expected to facilitate the use of NBI and magnifying endoscopic diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobashi
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tajiri
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: dual focus; esophagus; narrow-band imaging (NBI); pharynx; squamous cell carcinoma