title: Cyclooxygenase-2 and B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in cystitis glandularis and primary vesicle adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although cystitis glandularis (CG) is a common benign urinary bladder epithelial abnormality, it remains unclear whether CG is a premalignant lesion. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) overexpression has recently been reported as a potential tumor initiator or promoter. We evaluated and compared COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression in CG, chronic cystitis (CC), and primary vesicle adenocarcinoma (ADC) tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study to investigate COX-2 and Bcl-2 levels in CG and ADC. We obtained tissue samples from 75 patients (including 11 cases of CC, 30 typical cases of CG (CGTP), 30 cases of intestinal CG (CGIT), and 4 cases of ADC) between 1989 and 2009 from the Surgical Pathology Archives of the No. 2 People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, affiliated with Jiangsu University. COX-2 and Bcl-2 immunohistochemical staining was performed on all tissues. Nine normal bladder epithelial specimens were evaluated as control samples. Correlations between COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression in CG were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression was higher in the ADC group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). COX-2 and Bcl-2 levels were higher in the CGIT group compared to the CGTP group (p = 0.000 for both). The CGIT and CGTP groups both showed higher COX-2 expression compared to the CC group (p = 0.000 for both). There was no difference in Bcl-2 expression between the CGTP and CC groups (p = 0.452). Additionally, the difference in COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression between the control and CC groups was also insignificant (p = 0.668 and p = 0.097, respectively). Finally, we found that COX-2 and Bcl-2 levels were positively related (r = 0.648, p = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 and Bcl-2 overexpression in the CG group suggests that CG, particularly the intestinal type, may be a premalignant lesion that converts into a tumor in the presence of carcinogens.
authors.forename: Zhongxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guangcheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Junrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China. doctorjxb73@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ju
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2