title: Strangling technique to treat large cervicofacial venous malformations: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical removal of large cervicofacial venous malformations might be hampered by massive intraoperative bleeding. Moreover, these lesions often insinuate within normal surrounding tissue, making complete resection impossible without causing significant morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients affected by facial venous malformations nonresponsive to sclerotherapy underwent surgery. Bleeding and critical branching of the facial nerve within the lesion prevented the surgeons from proceeding with the removal. The unresectable malformation was decompressed by means of a number of nonresorbable stitches from the surface of the lesion to the periosteum, tailoring a permanent pressure dressing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcomes at 12-month follow-up were stable, with good cosmetic results and satisfaction reported by both patients. No long-term side effects related to the procedure were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decompression of large venous malformations by means of a strangling technique might represent a safe and effective procedure for those cases where a removal cannot be accomplished.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colletti
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattassi
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frigerio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000628:therapy; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D017211:Treatment Failure; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: facial nerve; head and neck; vascular anomalies; venous malformations