title: Heavy metals concentration in vegetables irrigated with contaminated and fresh water and estimation of their daily intakes in suburb areas of Hamadan, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to estimate the level of heavy metals accumulate in vegetables irrigated with contaminated water compared with those irrigated with fresh water in Hamadan, west of Iran in 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty samples of different vegetables i.e., parsley, tarragon, sweat basil and leek irrigated with contaminated water and thirty six samples from three different adjacent areas irrigated with fresh water as control were analyzed to determine heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals i.e., lead, cadmium and chromium were achieved using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium regardless of the kind of vegetables irrigated with contaminated water was 6.24, 1.57 and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, metals uptake differences by the vegetables were recognized to vegetable differences in tolerance to heavy metals. Based on the above concentrations the dietary intakes of metals through vegetables consumption were 0.004, 0.0008 and 6E-05 mg/day in infants for lead, chromium and cadmium, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high concentration of these heavy metals in some vegetables might be attributed due to the use of untreated sanitary and industrial wastewater by farmers for the irrigation of vegetable lands. Therefore, treating of these wastewater and bioremediation of excess metals from polluted vegetation land could be considered.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Social Determinants of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolmotaleb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seid-Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Research Center Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghodratollah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roshanaei
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. asgari@umsha.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Ghorban
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asgari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057914:Agricultural Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004435:Eating; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013383:Suburban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Heavy metals; Iran; Vegetable; Wastewater irrigation