title: DOG1 is useful for diagnosis of KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumor of stomach.
abstract: Approximately 80%-95% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) show positive staining for KIT, while the other 5%-20% show negative staining. If the tumor is negative for KIT, but is positive for CD34, a histological diagnosis is possible. However, if the tumor is negative for KIT, CD34, S-100, and SMA, a definitive diagnosis is often challenging. Recently, Discovered on GIST-1 (DOG1) has received considerable attention as a useful molecule for the diagnosis of GIST. DOG1, a membrane channel protein, is known to be overexpressed in GIST. Because the sensitivity and specificity of DOG1 are higher than those of KIT, positive staining for DOG1 has been reported, even in KIT-negative GISTs. KIT-negative GISTs most commonly arise in the stomach and are mainly characterized by epithelioid features histologically. We describe our experience with a rare case of a KIT-negative GIST of the stomach that was diagnosed by positive immunohistochemical staining for DOG1 in a patient who presented with severe anemia. Our findings suggest that immunohistochemical staining for DOG1, in addition to gene analysis, is useful for the diagnosis of KIT-negative tumors that are suspected to be GISTs.
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishido
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikatoshi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katada
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizutomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naruke
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Myunguchul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Wasaburo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.affiliation: Takuya Wada, Satoshi Tanabe, Kenji Ishido, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Tohru Sasaki, Chikatoshi Katada, Mizutomo Azuma, Akira Naruke, Myunguchul Kim, Wasaburo Koizumi, Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University East Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0380, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
mesh_terms: D000075369:Anoctamin-1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000032:analysis*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D019160:Endosonography; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: C476213:ANO1 protein, human; D000075369:Anoctamin-1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018118:Chloride Channels; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
keywords: Discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumor-1; Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; KIT negative; Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha