title: Recreational water-associated disease outbreaks--United States, 2009-2010.
abstract: Recreational water-associated disease outbreaks result from exposure to infectious pathogens or chemical agents in treated recreational water venues (e.g., pools and hot tubs or spas) or untreated recreational water venues (e.g., lakes and oceans). For 2009-2010, the most recent years for which finalized data are available, public health officials from 28 states and Puerto Rico electronically reported 81 recreational water-associated disease outbreaks to CDC's Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) via the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS). This report summarizes the characteristics of those outbreaks. Among the 57 outbreaks associated with treated recreational water, 24 (42%) were caused by Cryptosporidium. Among the 24 outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water, 11 (46%) were confirmed or suspected to have been caused by cyanobacterial toxins. In total, the 81 outbreaks resulted in at least 1,326 cases of illness and 62 hospitalizations; no deaths were reported. Laboratory and environmental data, in addition to epidemiologic data, can be used to direct and optimize the prevention and control of recreational water-associated disease outbreaks.
authors.forename: Michele C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hlavsa
authors.forename: Virginia A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kahler
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Hilborn
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Lorraine C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Backer
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoder
mesh_terms: D001494:Baths / Q000009:adverse effects; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006294:Health Resorts; D006801:Humans; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011998:Recreation; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D013551:Swimming Pools; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution; D018508:Water Purification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data