title: Differential regulation of cellular senescence and differentiation by prolyl isomerase Pin1 in cardiac progenitor cells.
abstract: Autologous c-kit(+) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are currently used in the clinic to treat heart disease. CPC-based regeneration may be further augmented by better understanding molecular mechanisms of endogenous cardiac repair and enhancement of pro-survival signaling pathways that antagonize senescence while also increasing differentiation. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates multiple signaling cascades by modulating protein folding and thereby activity and stability of phosphoproteins. In this study, we examine the heretofore unexplored role of Pin1 in CPCs. Pin1 is expressed in CPCs in vitro and in vivo and is associated with increased proliferation. Pin1 is required for cell cycle progression and loss of Pin1 causes cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in CPCs, concomitantly associated with decreased expression of Cyclins D and B and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitors p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb). Pin1 deletion increases cellular senescence but not differentiation or cell death of CPCs. Pin1 is required for endogenous CPC response as Pin1 knock-out mice have a reduced number of proliferating CPCs after ischemic challenge. Pin1 overexpression also impairs proliferation and causes G2/M phase cell cycle arrest with concurrent down-regulation of Cyclin B, p53, and Rb. Additionally, Pin1 overexpression inhibits replicative senescence, increases differentiation, and inhibits cell death of CPCs, indicating that cell cycle arrest caused by Pin1 overexpression is a consequence of differentiation and not senescence or cell death. In conclusion, Pin1 has pleiotropic roles in CPCs and may be a molecular target to promote survival, enhance repair, improve differentiation, and antagonize senescence.
authors.affiliation: From the San Diego State University Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and.
authors.forename: Haruhiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toko
authors.forename: Nirmala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hariharan
authors.forename: Mathias H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Konstandin
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ormachea
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: Natalie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gude
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sundararaman
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Joyo
authors.forename: Anya Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Joyo
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Shabana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Din
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohsin
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sussman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056741:Cyclin D / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019926:Cyclin B; D056741:Cyclin D; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; C000606850:Pin1 protein, mouse
keywords: Cardiovascular; Cellular Senescence; Differentiation; Molecular Cell Biology; Pin1; Stem Cells