title: How effective are alprostadil and hydrocortisone on reperfusion injury in kidney after distant organ ischemia?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After reestablishment of blood flow to ischemic limb recirculation of free radicals may cause ischemia-reperfusion injury in many organs. This study designed to investigate effects of hydrocortisone and alprostadil distant injury to kidneys by both measuring biochemical markers of oxidative stress and histopathologic examination in an experimental rat model of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study conducted in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2011-2012. Ischemia was established by infra renal aortic clamping for 60 min in 32 male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into those receiving alprostadil (group ischemia-reperfusion plus alprostadil (IR/A), n = 8), those receiving hydrocortisone (group ischemia-reperfusion plus hydrocortisone (IR/H), n = 8), control group (group ischemia-reperfusion (IR), n = 8), and sham group (n = 8). After 120 min of reperfusion both kidneys were removed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) as indirect markers of oxidative injury was measured. Finally all data in different groups were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of alprostadil or hydrocortisone does not improve the biochemical parameters of oxidative injury including MDA and SOD. However, statistically significant difference was seen in GSH level among sham and IR groups. Mean (± standard deviation (SD)) concentration of GSH in IR, IR/A, IR/H, and sham groups were 1028.77 (72.65), 924.82 (70.66), 1000.28 (108.77), and 846.69 (163.52), respectively (P = 0.015). Histopathological study of specimens did not show any significant changes between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alprostadil and hydrocortisone do not improve the kidney GSH, SOD, and MDA level and kidney releases its GSH reserve during ischemia-reperfusion event, and another point is that, 3 h of ischemia-reperfusion does not develop injury in kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Melali
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hosein Davarpanah
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jazi
authors.affiliation: Physiology/Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nematbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nematbakhsh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rasooli
keywords: Alprostadil; hydrocortisone; ischemia-reperfusion injury; oxidative stress