title: Preeclampsia alters milk neurotrophins and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the levels of breast milk neurotrophins 1.5, 3.5, and 6 months of lactation and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) at day 3, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 6 months of lactation in mothers with preeclampsia and compare them with normotensive women. Their associations with growth parameters in children are also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with preeclampsia (n=101) and normotensive women (n=144) with singleton pregnancies were recruited for this study. Milk samples were collected and anthropometry was recorded at the first 6 months. The LCPUFA composition of milk samples was analyzed by using gas chromatography at all time points and neurotrophins were analyzed at 1.5, 3.5 and 6 months by Emax Immuno Assay System using Promega kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Milk DHA levels were higher at day 3 (9.5%), and 1.5 (23%) and 3.5 (40%) months in mothers with preeclampsia as compared to controls. Milk nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were lower in preeclampsia group as compared to control group at 1.5 (20%) and 3.5 months (27.7%). Milk brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were lower at 1.5 months (10.5%) in the preeclampsia group as compared to control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that there is a differential regulation of DHA and neurotrophins in breast milk in preeclampsia and are associated with growth parameters of children. Future studies should explore the associations between milk LCPUFA, neurotrophins with neurodevelopment in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India.
authors.forename: Kamini
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dangat
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India.
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilari
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India.
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehendale
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India. Electronic address: srjoshi62@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors
keywords: Anthropometry; BDNF; DHA; Lactation; NGF