title: The role of prostatitis in prostate cancer: meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use systematic review methods to quantify the association between prostatitis and prostate cancer, under both fixed and random effects model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control studies of prostate cancer with information on prostatitis history. All studies published between 1990-2012, were collected to calculate a pooled odds ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  the selection criteria are as follows: human case control studies; published from May 1990 to July 2012; containing number of prostatitis, and prostate cancer cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 20 case control studies were included. A significant association between prostatitis and prostate cancer was found, under both fixed effect model (pooled OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.39-1.62), and random effects model (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.36-1.98). Personal interview based case control studies showed a high level of association (fixed effect model: pooled OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.47-1.73, random effects model: pooled OR= 1.87, 95%CI: 1.52-2.29), compared with clinical based studies (fixed effect model: pooled OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.86-1.28, random effects model: pooled OR= 0.98, 95%CI: 0.67-1.45). Additionally, pooled ORs, were calculated for each decade. In a fixed effect model: 1990's: OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.35-1.84; 2000's: OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.40-1.79; 2010's: OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.56. In a random effects model: 1990's: OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.08-3.62; 2000's: OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.23-2.19; 2010's: OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.73. Finally a meta-analysis stratified by each country was conducted. In fixed effect models, U.S: pooled OR =1.45, 95%CI: 1.34-1.57; China: pooled OR =4.67, 95%CI: 3.08-7.07; Cuba: pooled OR =1.43, 95%CI: 1.00-2.04; Italy: pooled OR =0.61, 95%CI: 0.13-2.90. In random effects model, U.S: pooled OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.25-1.80; China: pooled OR =4.67, 95%CI: 3.08-7.07; Cuba: pooled OR =1.43, 95%CI: 1.00-2.04; Italy: pooled OR =0.61, 95%CI: 0.13-2.90.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the present meta-analysis provides the statistical evidence that the association between prostatitis and prostate cancer is significant.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Institution, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Junyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jinyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yunxia
authors.affiliation: Public Health Institution, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junjiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pumill
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*