title: Sleep problems among women with noncancerous gynecologic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of and identify factors associated with poor sleep quality and short sleep duration among women with noncancerous gynecologic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 838 pre-menopausal women aged 31-54 who enrolled in a study of pelvic problems, hysterectomy and intervention alternatives in 2003/2004. Primary outcomes were poor sleep quality and short sleep duration (six or less hours on average) in the four weeks preceding the interview; hypothesized correlates included sociodemographic characteristics, pelvic problem impact, measured by the Pelvic Problem Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ), and depression, measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-third (33.7%) of the participants reported having poor sleep quality and nearly half (46.8%) reported short sleep duration. In multivariable models, women with major depressive disorder were more likely than those who were not depressed to experience poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.36-7.28, p < 0.001). Women with higher PPIQ scores also were more likely to experience poor sleep quality (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.27-1.98, p < 0.001) and short sleep duration (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.69, p < 0.003). Finally, women who self-identified as African-American (aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.83-4.32, p < 0.001) or Asian/Pacific Islander (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.32-4.09, p < 0.003) were more likely than White women to have short sleep duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep problems are prevalent among women with noncancerous gynecologic conditions, and are associated with depression and high pelvic problem impact. Providers should be proactive in inquiring about and offering solutions for sleep difficulties experienced by their patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California , San Francisco, CA , USA .
authors.forename: Jaspreet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Learman
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gregorich
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuppermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*