title: Correlation of human S100A12 (EN-RAGE) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as gingival crevicular fluid and serum markers of inflammation in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels and correlation of human S100A12 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 44 subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 had 10 periodontally healthy subjects, group 2 consisted of 17 CP subjects and group 3 had 17 type 2 DM subjects with CP. GCF and serum levels of human S100A12 and hs-CRP were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoturbidimetric analysis, respectively. The clinical outcomes evaluated were gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level and the correlations of the two inflammatory mediators with clinical parameters were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both human S100A12 and hs-CRP levels increased from group 1 to group 2 to group 3. The GCF and serum values of both these inflammatory mediators correlated positively with each other and with the periodontal parameters evaluated (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human S100A12 and hs-CRP can be considered as possible GCF and serum markers of inflammatory activity in CP and DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, 560002, Karnataka, India, periodonticsgdcri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: Santosh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Martande
authors.forename: Sonender Pal
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Deepak Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Suke
authors.forename: Arjun P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: Savitha B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Naik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067616:S100A12 Protein
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000067616:S100A12 Protein; C090441:S100A12 protein, human; D002097:C-Reactive Protein