title: An Experimental Study of Radiation Effect on Normal Tissue: Analysis of HIF-1α, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1, and TSP-1 Expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether or not the stress and hypoxia, which are the effects of radiation on normal vascular endothelium, leading to the release of HIF-1α, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1, and TSP-1 were related and the possibility of them stimulating angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four male Swiss Albino mice were separated into 4 groups. The first group was the control group (Group 1), and the second, third, and fourth groups were euthanized after 24 h (Group 2), 48 h (Group 3), and 7 days (Group 4), respectively. A single-fractioned 10 Gy of ionizing radiation was applied to all mice's pelvic zone with Co-60. Bladders were removed completely from the pelvic region. Immunohistochemistry and light microscopy were used to investigate whether there would be an increase or not in the angiogenesis pathway by using the HIF-1α, VEGF, eIF2, TIA-1, and TSP-1 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HIF-1α antibody showed strong staining in Group 3, while the staining intensity was less in other groups. VEGF showed weak staining in Groups 1 and 4, while moderate staining in Group 2 and strong staining in Group 3 was observed. eIF2 showed strong staining in Groups 1 and 4. Groups 2 and 3 were stained weakly. In the present study, staining with TSP-1 was very strong in the samples belonging to Group 1, while other groups showed very weak staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When normal tissue was exposed to radiation, the positively effective factors (HIF-1, VEGF, eIF2, and TIA-1) on the angiogenesis pathway were increased while the negative factor (TSP-1) was decreased. Radiation may initiate physiological angiogenesis in the normal tissue and accelerate healing in the damaged normal tissue.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None declared.
authors.affiliation: Bülent Ecevit University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aktaş
authors.affiliation: Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurtman
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.affiliation: Medicana International Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tek
authors.affiliation: Başkent University School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selami Koçak
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Toprak
keywords: Angiogenesis; Cancer and normal tissue; HIF-1α; Radiation; TIA-1; TSP-1; VEGF; Vascular endothelium; eIF2