title: Modified arabinoxylan from rice bran, MGN-3/biobran, sensitizes metastatic breast cancer cells to paclitaxel in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an increased interest in alternative treatments that reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy by lowering the drug concentration, whilst maintaining potency against cancer cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that arabinoxylan from rice bran, MGN-3/Biobran, sensitizes human breast cancer cells (BCC) to daunorubicin (DNR). In the present study, we further evaluated the ability of MGN-3 to sensitize cells to another chemotherapy agent, paclitaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-metastatic MCF-7 (human BCC) and metastatic 4T1 (murine BCC) cells were cultured with different concentrations of paclitaxel in the presence or absence of MGN-3. Cell survival, DNA damage, and cell proliferation were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MGN-3 increased the susceptibility of both types of cancer cells to paclitaxel by over 100-fold. Mechanistically, MGN-3 works synergistically with paclitaxel by causing DNA damage, enhancing apoptosis, and inhibiting cell proliferation in 4T1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that MGN-3 is an effective chemosensitizer and may represent a novel adjuvant for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. mghoneum@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Mamdooh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghoneum
authors.forename: Nariman K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Badr El-Din
authors.forename: Doaa A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Mai Alaa
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Dein
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014990:Xylans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014990:Xylans; C419427:polysaccharide MGN3; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: 4T1; Biobran; MCF-7; MGN-3; MTT; paclitaxel