title: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-mediated DNA demethylation in stem cells and development.
abstract: The pursuit of DNA demethylation has a colorful history, but it was not until 2009 that the stars of this story, the Ten-eleven-translocation (Tet) family of proteins, were really identified. Tet proteins convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which can be further oxidized to 5-formylcytosine and 5-cyboxycytosine by Tet proteins to achieve DNA demethylation. Recent studies have revealed that 5hmC-mediated DNA demethylation can play essential roles in diverse biological processes, including development and diseases. Here, we review recent discoveries in 5hmC-mediated DNA demethylation in the context of stem cells and development.
authors.affiliation: 1 The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Wenjia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Minxin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Xuekun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C011865:5-hydroxymethylcytosine; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine