title: How specific are venous symptoms for diagnosis of chronic venous disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to evaluate whether and which 'venous' symptoms are characteristic for patients affected with chronic venous disease compared to patients with other diseases of the lower limbs (e.g. arthrosis, peripheral arterial disease, spinal disc herniation).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed to compare the frequency of venous symptoms among 76 patients with chronic venous disease and reflux and 74 patients with other diseases of the legs without reflux. The VEINES-Sym of the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire was used to evaluate the frequency of symptoms. Demographic, clinical classification and ultrasound findings were also noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 122 patients were included for analysis (response rate of 87%). Presence of venous symptoms was slightly more often reported in the chronic venous disease group than in the non-chronic venous disease group, but differences were small and statistically non-significant. Severity of chronic venous disease as classified by the CEAP classification was not associated with higher proportions of patients reporting symptoms than in non-chronic venous disease patients, except for swelling (p = .016) and itching (p = .007) in C3-C6 patients. The largest difference between the chronic venous disease and non-chronic venous disease group was observed for the time of the day at which symptoms were most intense; patients with chronic venous disease were more likely to experience symptoms at the end of the day (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small differences in prevalence of reported 'venous' symptoms between chronic venous disease patients and patients with other diseases of the legs suggest that these symptoms may be less specific for patients with chronic venous disease and refluxing veins than is usually assumed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Universal Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands s.vandervelden@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Van der Velden
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre Haaglanden, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Shadid
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nelemans
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Reinaert Clinics, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000175:diagnosis; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis
keywords: Symptoms; chronic venous disease; leg diseases; prevalence; specificity