title: Factors related to catheter-induced hemorrhage after brain parenchymal catheterization.
abstract: This article aimed to investigate the incidence rate and possible risk factors for catheter-induced hemorrhage (CIH) after brain parenchymal catheterization. Between January 2011 and March 2013, 381 patients (572 punctures) who underwent brain parenchymal catheterization were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were checked by computerized tomography scan for the detection of hemorrhage within 48 hours after catheter insertion. CIH was defined as any evidence of new hemorrhage on the post-procedural computerized tomography scan. The incidence rate and the possible risk factors were analyzed by surgeon (4 different surgeons performed the procedures), characteristics of the catheter device, and patient background. Of 381 patients, 572 punctures were performed and CIH developed in 122 puncture cases (122/572, 21.3%). The risk factors related to CIH were Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8 (p<0.01) and prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT INR) ≥1.3 (p=0.038). The amount of hemorrhage was minimal without additional operations. A low GCS score and high PT INR are implicated as potential risk factors for CIH after brain parenchymal catheterization. Careful and delicate operative technique can help to reduce postoperative complications in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Seob
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Rae Seop
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Brain; Catheterization; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Drainage