title: Does feather corticosterone reflect individual quality or external stress in arctic-nesting migratory birds?
abstract: The effects of environmental perturbations or stressors on individual states can be carried over to subsequent life stages and ultimately affect survival and reproduction. The concentration of corticosterone (CORT) in feathers is an integrated measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity during the molting period, providing information on the total baseline and stress-induced CORT secreted during the period of feather growth. Common eiders and greater snow geese replace all flight feathers once a year during the pre-basic molt, which occurs following breeding. Thus, CORT contained in feathers of pre-breeding individuals sampled in spring reflects the total CORT secreted during the previous molting event, which may provide insight into the magnitude or extent of stress experienced during this time period. We used data from multiple recaptures to disentangle the contribution of individual quality vs. external factors (i.e., breeding investment or environmental conditions) on feather CORT in arctic-nesting waterfowl. Our results revealed no repeatability of feather CORT within individuals of either species. In common eiders, feather CORT was not affected by prior reproductive investment, nor by pre-breeding (spring) body condition prior to the molting period. Individual feather CORT greatly varied according to the year, and August-September temperatures explained most of the annual variation in feather CORT. Understanding mechanisms that affect energetic costs and stress responses during molting will require further studies either using long-term data or experiments. Although our study period encompassed only five years, it nonetheless provides evidence that CORT measured in feathers likely reflects responses to environmental conditions experienced by birds during molt, and could be used as a metric to study carry-over effects.
authors.affiliation: Département de biologie & Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Legagneux
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: N Jane
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.affiliation: Département de biologie & Centre d'études nordiques, Pavillon Vachon, Université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-UPR 1934, Carrefour de la Canauderie, Villiers-en-Bois, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chastel
authors.affiliation: Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H Grant
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.affiliation: Département de biologie & Centre d'études nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bêty
authors.affiliation: Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada ; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soos
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D046090:Anseriformes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D001110:Arctic Regions; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005241:Feathers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005777:Geese / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D018978:Molting / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D003345:Corticosterone