title: [Influence of Cu and Nb additives on specific surface properties and biological activity of transparent TiO2 thin-film coatings].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Titanium dioxide is widely used as a bacteriostatic and non-toxic material. It is important, therefore, to modify its properties, for greater biological activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was comparison of the specific surface properties and the biological activity of TiO2 and TiO2 with niobium and copper additives--TiO2:(Nb,Cu) thin films.
  
  
  METHODS
  TiO2 and TiO2:(Nb,Cu) thin films were prepared by high-energy magnetron sputtering of metallic Ti-Nb-Cu target in oxygen atmosphere. Films that have been deposited on glass substrates were investigated by transmission method and with the aid of optical profiler transparent. Besides, wettability measurements and antibacterial testes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PCM2058) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The light transmission characteristics have shown that the film with niobium and copper additives was less transparent than undoped titanium dioxide. Studies of surface geometric structure, performed with the aid of optical profilometer, have shown that coatings were uniform and the surface roughness had several nanometers. The roughness of TiO2:(Nb, Cu) was higher compared to the film of undoped TiO2. The wettability measurements have shown that (Nb, Cu) additives cause a significant reduction in the degree of surface wettability relative to TiO2 and the change of properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The results of the microbiological tests have shown that the TiO2:(Nb, Cu) film had a very good antibacterial properties, while the undoped TiO2 did not exhibit such properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of all results of carried investigations has shown that manufactured TiO2:(Nb,Cu) thin films can be used as a transparent antibacterial coating.
authors.affiliation: Wydział Elektroniki Mikrosystemów i Fotoniki, Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław, Polska. damian.wojcieszak@pwr.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wojcieszak
authors.affiliation: Wydział Elektroniki Mikrosystemów i Fotoniki, Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.affiliation: Wydział Elektroniki Mikrosystemów i Fotoniki, Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adamiak
authors.affiliation: Wydział Elektroniki Mikrosystemów i Fotoniki, Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Domaradzki
authors.affiliation: Wydział Elektroniki Mikrosystemów i Fotoniki, Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Wydział Elektroniki Mikrosystemów i Fotoniki, Politechnika Wrocławska, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jankowska
authors.affiliation: Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamian
authors.affiliation: Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antosiak
authors.affiliation: Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Wrocław, Polska.
authors.forename: Bogumiła
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szponar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009556:Niobium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009556:Niobium; C009495:titanium dioxide; D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium