title: Skin, fascias, and scars: symptoms and systemic connections.
abstract: Every element or cell in the human body produces substances that communicate and respond in an autocrine or paracrine mode, consequently affecting organs and structures that are seemingly far from each other. The same also applies to the skin. In fact, when the integrity of the skin has been altered, or when its healing process is disturbed, it becomes a source of symptoms that are not merely cutaneous. The skin is an organ, and similar to any other structure, it has different functions in addition to connections with the central and peripheral nervous system. This article examines pathological responses produced by scars, analyzing definitions and differences. At the same time, it considers the subcutaneous fascias, as this connective structure is altered when there is a discontinuous cutaneous surface. The consequence is an ample symptomatology, which is not limited to the body area where the scar is located, such as a postural or trigeminal disorder.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Cardiology Institute of Hospitalization and Care with Scientific Address, S Maria Nascente Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation. CRESO Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bordoni
authors.affiliation: EdiAcademy, Milano, Italy. CRESO Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies.
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zanier
keywords: fascia; osteopathic; scar; scarring; skin