title: Postprandial effects of a high salt meal on serum sodium, arterial stiffness, markers of nitric oxide production and markers of endothelial function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine if a high salt meal containing 65 mmol Na causes a rise in sodium concentrations and a reduction in plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations (an index of nitric oxide production). Secondary aims were to determine the effects of a high salt meal on augmentation index (AIx) a measure of arterial stiffness and markers of endothelial function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a randomised cross-over study 16 healthy normotensive adults consumed a low sodium soup containing 5 mmol Na and a high sodium soup containing 65 mmol Na. Sodium, plasma nitrate/nitrite, endothelin-1 (ET-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations before and every 30 min after the soup for 2 h. Blood pressure (BP) and AI were also measured at these time points. There were significant increases in serum sodium, osmolality and chloride in response to the high sodium meal. However plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations were not different between meals (meal p = 0.812; time p = 0.45; meal × time interaction p = 0.50). Plasma ANP, AVP and ET-1 were not different between meals. AI was significantly increased following the high sodium meal (p = 0.02) but there was no effect on BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A meal containing 65 mmol Na increases serum sodium and arterial stiffness but does not alter postprandial nitrate/nitrite concentration in healthy normotensive individuals. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism by which salt affects vascular function in the postprandial period. This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Unique Identifier: ACTRN12611000583943http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=343019.
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Animal, Food and Health Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions and Outcomes, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Kacie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology, Interventions and Outcomes, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Cardiology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine & Pharmacology & Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: P Hugh R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Electronic address: jennifer.keogh@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Keogh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004435:Eating; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014667:Vasopressins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D012964:Sodium
keywords: Arterial stiffness; Nitric oxide; Sodium