title: Placental findings in singleton stillbirths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare placental lesions for stillbirth cases and live birth controls in a population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathologic examinations were performed on placentas from singleton pregnancies using a standard protocol. Data were analyzed overall and within gestational age groups at delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placentas from 518 stillbirths and 1,200 live births were studied. Single umbilical artery was present in 7.7% of stillbirths and 1.7% of live births, velamentous cord insertion was present in 5% of stillbirths and 1.1% of live births, diffuse terminal villous immaturity was present in 10.3% of stillbirths and 2.3% of live births, inflammation (eg, acute chorioamnionitis of placental membranes) was present in 30.4% of stillbirths and 12% of live births, vascular degenerative changes in chorionic plate were present in 55.7% of stillbirths and 0.5% of live births, retroplacental hematoma was present in 23.8% of stillbirths and 4.2% of live births, intraparenchymal thrombi was present in 19.7% of stillbirths and 13.3% of live births, parenchymal infarction was present in 10.9% of stillbirths and 4.4% of live births, fibrin deposition was present in 9.2% of stillbirths and 1.5% of live births, fetal vascular thrombi was present in 23% of stillbirths and 7% of live births, avascular villi was present in 7.6% of stillbirths and 2.0% of live births, and hydrops was present in 6.4% of stillbirths and 1.0% of live births. Among stillbirths, inflammation and retroplacental hematoma were more common in placentas from early deliveries, whereas thrombotic lesions were more common in later gestation. Inflammatory lesions were especially common in early live births.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental lesions were highly associated with stillbirth compared with live births. All lesions associated with stillbirth were found in live births but often with variations by gestational age at delivery. Knowledge of lesion prevalence within gestational age groups in both stillbirths and live birth controls contributes to an understanding of the association between placental abnormality and stillbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; RTI International, Durham, North Carolina; the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Tufts University Medical Center, Boston, Masachusetts; and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland. For a list of members in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network, see the Appendix online at http://links.lww.com/AOG/A465.
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinar
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Josefine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heim-Hall
authors.forename: Hal K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Bahig
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abramowsky
authors.forename: Corette B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saade
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.forename: Carol J R
authors.initials: CJR
authors.lastname: Hogue
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Coustan
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sbrana
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thorsten
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willinger
authors.forename: Uma M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000473:pathology; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000473:pathology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D050498:Live Birth; D010920:Placenta / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000473:pathology; D058529:Single Umbilical Artery / Q000473:pathology; D050497:Stillbirth