title: Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is a rare congenital disorder with a number of significant associated anomalies. Fetal ultrasound has been used to identify CE; however, accurate diagnosis is challenging. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging has been reported to improve prenatal diagnosis and better characterize the associated defects. We report a case of CE accurately diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging after fetal ultrasound was nondiagnostic and review the literature comparing the use of each modality.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA. Electronic address: mbc7cr@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Mariana L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Vijaya M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Vemulakonda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000099061:OEIS Complex