title: Stationary table CT dosimetry and anomalous scanner-reported values of CTDIvol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anomalous, scanner-reported values of CTDIvol for stationary phantom/table protocols (having elevated values of CTDIvol over 300% higher than the actual dose to the phantom) have been observed; which are well-beyond the typical accuracy expected of CTDIvol as a phantom dose. Recognition of these outliers as "bad data" is important to users of CT dose index tracking systems (e.g., ACR DIR), and a method for recognition and correction is provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rigorous methods and equations are presented which describe the dose distributions for stationary-table CT. A comparison with formulae for scanner-reported values of CTDIvol clearly identifies the source of these anomalies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the stationary table, use of the CTDI100 formula (applicable to a moving phantom only) overestimates the dose due to extra scatter and also includes an overbeaming correction, both of which are nonexistent when the phantom (or patient) is held stationary. The reported DLP remains robust for the stationary phantom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CTDI-paradigm does not apply in the case of a stationary phantom and simpler nonintegral equations suffice. A method of correction of the currently reported CTDIvol using the approach-to-equilibrium formula H(a) and an overbeaming correction factor serves to scale the reported CTDIvol values to more accurate levels for stationary-table CT, as well as serving as an indicator in the detection of "bad data."
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boone
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*