title: Spatial and temporal analysis of black carbon aerosols in Istanbul megacity.
abstract: Black carbon (BC) is an important component of particulate matter due to its effects on human health and climate. In this study, we present the first BC concentrations measured in the Istanbul megacity (~15 million inhabitants). Two measurement campaigns have been conducted to measure BC and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations at four locations, characterized by different traffic densities. In the first campaign, BC daily mean concentrations have been found to be between 4 μg/m(3) and 10 μg/m(3). In the second campaign, BC and PM2.5 have been measured at the site with the highest traffic density for an entire year. Annually averaged BC contributes by 38 ± 14% to the PM2.5 levels (annual average BC: 13 μg/m(3) and PM2.5: 36 μg/m(3)). Diurnal variations of BC concentrations followed those of traffic density (correlation coefficient of 0.87). These measurements are essential to identify the sources of BC and PM2.5 concentrations in Istanbul and develop mitigation measures.
authors.affiliation: Bahcesehir University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34349 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pozzoli
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kindap
authors.affiliation: Bahcesehir University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34349 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Goksel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Kadikoy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mertoglu
authors.affiliation: University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mihalopoulos
authors.affiliation: University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Theodosi
authors.affiliation: University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanakidou
authors.affiliation: University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; Joint Research Centre, Institute of Environment and Sustainability, Air and Climate Unit, Ispra, Italy.
authors.forename: Ulas
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: alper.unal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unal
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D053260:Soot / Q000032:analysis*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D053260:Soot
keywords: Black carbon; Exposure; Fine particulate matter; Megacity; Traffic