title: Clinical management of immuno-suppression in athletes associated with exercise training: sports medicine considerations.
abstract: The Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) is a physically debilitating medical condition that results in athletes being totally compromised in their capacity to perform and compete. Many physiological systems are affected by the process of overtraining and the development of the OTS which results from it; but one system in particular, the immune, is highly susceptible to degradation resulting in a reduction in overall health and physical performance. The aim of this paper is to review; 1) the evidence-based proactive steps and actions to take to greatly reduce the risk of development of an infection or a compromised immune system in athletes; and 2) the course of action for clinicians to take when they are dealing with an athlete displaying overt signs of an infection and, or inflammation. Evidenced reported here within support that it is essential for clinicians to take practical preventative and management steps - actions with athletes (involved in intensive exercise training) in order to help preserve and maintain a healthy and robust immune system if they are going to perform optimally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Applied Physiology Laboratory, AND Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. ach@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony Carl
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hackney
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013177:Sports; D013178:Sports Medicine