title: Fast, simple and efficient supramolecular solvent-based microextraction of mecoprop and dichlorprop in soils prior to their enantioselective determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A simple, sensitive, rapid and economic method was developed for the quantification of enantiomers of chiral pesticides as mecoprop (MCPP) and dichlorprop (DCPP) in soil samples using supramolecular solvent-based microextraction (SUSME) combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). SUSME has been described for the extraction of chiral pesticides in water, but this is firstly applied to soil samples. MCPP and DCPP are herbicides widely used in agriculture that have two enantiomeric forms (R- and S-) differing in environmental fate and toxicity. Therefore, it is essential to have analytical methods for monitoring individual DCPP and MCPP enantiomers in environmental samples. MCPP and DCPP were extracted in a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of dodecanoic acid aggregates, the extract was dried under a nitrogen stream, the two herbicides dissolved in acetate buffer and the aqueous extract directly injected in the LC-MS/MS system. The recoveries obtained were independent of soil composition and age of herbicide residues. The detection and quantitation limits of the developed method for the determination of R- and S-MCPP and R- and S-DCPP in soils were 0.03 and 0.1 ng g(-1), respectively, and the precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (n=6), for enantiomer concentrations of 5 and 100 ng g(-1) were in the ranges 4.1-6.1% and 2.9-4.1%. Recoveries for soil samples spiked with enantiomer concentrations within the interval 5-180 ng g(-1) and enantiomeric ratios (ERs) of 1, 3 and 9, ranged between 93 and 104% with standard deviations of the percent recovery varying between 0.3% and 6.0%. Because the SUPRAS can solubilize analytes through different type of interactions (dispersion, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonds), it could be used to extract a great variety of pesticides (including both polar and non-polar) in soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caballo
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sicilia
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Córdoba, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: qa1rubrs@uco.es.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C008340:mecoprop; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C010571:dichlorprop
keywords: Chiral analysis; Dichlorprop; Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry; Mecoprop; Soil; Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction