title: Organizational, technical, physical and clinical quality standards for radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indisputably, radiotherapy has become an entirely interdisciplinary specialty. This situation requires efficient planning, verification, monitoring, quality control and constant improvement of all aspects of service delivery, referring both to patients' (including diagnosis, prescription and method of treatment, its justification, realization and follow up) and organizational, technical and physics matters.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to develop technical, physics and clinical quality standards for radiotherapy. This paper presents chosen standards for each of the aforementioned category.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the development of quality standards the comparison analysis of EU and Polish acts of law passed between 1980 and 2010 was conducted, the universal industrial ISO norm 9001:2008 referring to quality management system was reviewed. Recommendations of this norm were completed with detailed quality standards based on the author's 11 year work experience and the review of articles on quality assurance and quality control standards for radiotherapy published between 1984 and 2009 and the review of current recommendations and guidelines of American, International, European and National bodies (associations, societies, agencies such as AAPM, ESTRO, IAEA, and OECI) for quality assurance and quality management in radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result 352 quality standards for radiotherapy were developed and categorized into the following three groups: (1) organizational standards, (2) physics and technical standards and (3) clinical standards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proposed quality standards for radiotherapy, can be used by any institution using ionizing radiation for medical procedures. Nevertheless standards are only of value if they are implemented, reviewed, audited and improved and if there is a clear mechanism in place to monitor and address failure to meet agreed standards.
authors.affiliation: Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Str., 61-866 Poznań, Poland ; University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogusz-Czerniewicz
authors.affiliation: Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Str., 61-866 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaźmierczak
keywords: Quality management; Radiotherapy; Standards