title: Arresting rampant dental caries with silver diamine fluoride in a young teenager suffering from chronic oral graft versus host disease post-bone marrow transplantation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rampant caries is an advanced and severe dental disease that affects multiple teeth. This case describes the management of rampant caries in a young teenager suffering from chronic oral graft versus host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-year-old Chinese boy suffering from β-thalassemia major was referred to the dental clinic for the management of rampant dental caries. An oral examination revealed pale conjunctiva, bruising of lips, and depapillation of tongue indicating an underlying condition of anemia. The poor oral condition due to topical and systemic immunosuppressants was seriously aggravated, and rampant caries developed rapidly, affecting all newly erupted, permanent teeth. The teeth were hypersensitive and halitosis was apparent. Strategies for oral health education and diet modification were given to the patient. Xylitol chewing gum was used to stimulate saliva flow to promote remineralization of teeth. Silver diamine fluoride was topically applied to arrest rampant caries and to relieve pain from hypersensitivity. Carious teeth with pulpal involvement were endodontically treated. Stainless steel crowns were provided on molars to restore chewing function, and polycarbonate crowns were placed on premolars, upper canines and incisors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report demonstrates success in treating a young teenager with severe rampant dental decay by contemporary caries control and preventive strategy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. chchu@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Chun-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Angeline Hui-Cheng
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Liwu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: May Lei
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Godfrey Chi-Fung
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002638:Chewing Gum; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003442:Crowns; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018030:Silver Compounds; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D018030:Silver Compounds; C024633:silver diamine fluoride