title: Spreading depression features and Iba1 immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of developing rats submitted to treadmill exercise after treatment with monosodium glutamate.
abstract: Physical exercise and excessive consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) can affect the morphological and electrophysiological organization of the brain during development. However, the interaction of both factors remains unclear. We analyzed the effect of this interaction on the excitability-related phenomenon known as cortical spreading depression (CSD) and the microglial reaction expressed as Iba1-immunolabeled cells in the rat motor cortex. MSG (2g/kg or 4g/kg) was administered every other day during the first 14 postnatal days. Treadmill exercise started at 21-23 days of life and lasted 3 weeks, 5 days/week, for 30min/day. At 45-60 days, CSD was recorded for 4h at two cortical points and the CSD parameters (velocity, amplitude, and duration of the negative potential change) calculated. Confirming previous observations, exercised rats presented with lower CSD velocities (3.29±0.18mm/min) than the sedentary group (3.80±0.18mm/min; P<0.05). MSG increased CSD velocities in the exercised rats compared to saline-treated and exercised animals in a dose-dependent manner (3.49±0.19, 4.05±0.18, and 3.27±0.26 for 2g/kg MSG, 4g/kg MSG, and saline, respectively; P<0.05). The amplitude (ranging from 14.3±5.9 to 18.7±6.2mV) and duration (46.7±11.1 to 60.5±11.6s) of the negative slow potential shift of the CSD were similar in all groups. Both exercise and MSG treatment increased Iba1 immunolabeling. The results confirm that physical exercise decelerates CSD propagation. However, it does not impede the CSD-accelerating action of MSG. These effects were accompanied by a cortical microglia reaction. Therefore, the data suggest that treadmill exercise early in life can influence the development of cortical electrical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cássia Borges
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Georgia de Sousa Ferreira
authors.initials: Gde S
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suênia Marcele
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Vitor
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Belmira Lara da Silveira
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Andrade-da-Costa
authors.affiliation: Unit of Medical Histology, Institute of Neuroscience and Dept Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, Brazil. Electronic address: rguedes@ufpe.br.
authors.forename: Rubem Carlos Araujo
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Guedes
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression / Q000187:drug effects*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005080:Exercise Test; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012970:Sodium Glutamate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C491049:Aif1 protein, mouse; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D012970:Sodium Glutamate
keywords: Brain development; Brain electrophysiology; Cortical spreading depression; Food flavoring agents; Rats; Treadmill exercise