title: Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition is differentially modulated by fucoidan obtained from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum.
abstract: Fucoidan is a water-soluble, negatively charged, biologically active polysaccharide found in great abundance in brown marine algae. However, the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by fucoidan derived from two algal species (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus) harvested at different periods (accounting for seasonal and yearly variations) has never been investigated. It was found that fucoidans inhibited α-glucosidase differently, depending on the algal species from which it was extracted and the algae's season of harvest. Fucoidan extracted from A. nodosum was a more potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 ranging from 0.013 to 0.047 mg/mL, than the inhibition by fucoidan extracted from F. vesiculosus (IC50=0.049 mg/mL). In contrast, fucoidan extracted from F. vesiculosus did not inhibit α-amylase activity, while fucoidan from A. nodosum decreased α-amylase activity by 7-100% at 5 mg/mL depending upon the algae harvest period. An IC50 of 0.12-4.64 mg/mL for fucoidan from A. nodosum was found for the α-amylase inhibition. The ability of fucoidan to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase thus varies according to the algae species and harvest period. A. nodosum is more suitable than F. vesiculosus as a source of fucoidan to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Their potential benefits towards Type 2 diabetes management should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Laval University, 2425, rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, Qc, G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Laval University, 2425, rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, Qc, G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurie-Eve
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rioux
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Laval University, 2425, rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City, Qc, G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: sylvie.turgeon@fsaa.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Sylvie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Turgeon
mesh_terms: D044646:Ascophyllum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044645:Fucus / Q000737:chemistry*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007789:fucoidan; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Ascophyllum nodosum; Brown seaweed; Enzyme inhibition; Fucoidan; Fucus vesiculosus; Harvest season; Sulfated fucan; Type 2 diabetes; α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase