title: The effect of opium addiction on thyroid function tests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of abnormalities has been identified among drug addicted users especially heroin addicts. However, there are a few studies to assess the opium effects on thyroid hormones. the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of opium on the thyroid function tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control, 50 male addicts, aged 20-50 years, with history of addiction to opium lasting more than two years, and 50 male non-addicts as control group were randomly selected. 10 cc blood sample was taken for measurements of TSH, total T4 and T3, free T4 and T3, and T3 resin uptake (T3RU) and 50 cc urine sample for opium testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The univariate analysis revealed that there was not a significant association between opium and serum levels of T4 and TSH, but compared with control group, a slight increase in total T3 and a decrease in T3RU were observed among addicts (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, opium was also found to exert a lowering effect on serum free T4 level after adjusting of age and cigarette smoking (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study demonstrated that opium can influence on thyroid function by increasing total T3 and decreasing T3RU and free T4 levels.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gozashti
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mohammadzadeh
authors.forename: Kouros
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Divsalar
authors.affiliation: Research center for modeling in health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Shokouhi.mostafa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shokoohi