title: Kinetics of inactivation and dilution effects on the mass balance of fungal phytopathogens in anaerobic digesters.
abstract: Knowledge of fate and behavior of plant pathogens in the biogas production chain is limited and hampers the estimation and evaluation of the potential phytosanitary risk if digestate is spread on arable land as a fertilizer. Therefore, simulation is an appropriate tool to demonstrate the effects which influence the steady state of pathogen infected plant material in both digesters and digestate. Simple approaches of kinetics of inactivation and mass balances of infected material were carried out considering single-step as well as two-step digestion. The simulation revealed a very fast to fast reduction of infected material after a singular feeding, reaching a cutback to less than 1% of input within 4 days even for D90-values of 68 h. Steady state mass balances below input rate could be calculated with D90-values of less than 2 h at a continuous hourly feeding. At higher D90-values steady state mass balances exceed the input rate but are still clearly below the sum of input mass. Dilution further decreases mass balances to values 10(-5) to 10(-6) Mg m(-3) for first-step digestion and 10(-8) to 10(-9) for second-step.
authors.affiliation: BioenergieBeratungBornim GmbH, Max-Eyth-Allee 101, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plöchl
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Department Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: mheiermann@atb-potsdam.de.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heiermann
authors.affiliation: Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodemann
authors.affiliation: Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt University of Berlin, Lentzeallee 55, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bandte
authors.affiliation: Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt University of Berlin, Lentzeallee 55, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büttner
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D019149:Bioreactors; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007700:Kinetics
keywords: D(90)-value; Modeling; Risk assessment; Sanitation; Steady state