title: Theodor Billroth's vision and Karl Ziegler's action: commemoration of the 40th day of death and the 50th anniversary of conferment of Nobel Prize for Chemistry of Karl Ziegler.
abstract: Alloplastic materials are broadly used in modern surgery. Until the middle of the 20th century, metal materials and especially silver were used because of their antimicrobial properties. With the development of a new catalytic process for the production of high-density polyethylene and polypropylene materials, a new era of prosthesis was introduced. These polymers are integral part of our everyday operations surgery, especially in hernia repair. The famous surgeon Billroth mentioned to his pupil Czerny in 1878: "If we could artificially produce tissues of the density and toughness of fascia and tendon, the secret of the radical cure of hernia would be discovered". The polypropylene developed by Karl Ziegler gave the surgeon a material for daily practice, which in its properties (nearly) achieved Billroth's initial vision. In 1963 the Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta in Stockholm. Furthermore, August 11, 2013 will be the 40th anniversary of Karl Ziegler's death. This manuscript honors both days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, AK St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: mkapischke@web.de.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapischke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital of Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pries
mesh_terms: D000846:Anniversaries and Special Events; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000266:history; D002621:Chemistry / Q000266:history*; D002625:Chemistry, Organic / Q000266:history*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D009613:Nobel Prize; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000266:history*; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000266:history*; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011126:Polypropylenes; D020959:Polyethylene