title: A community-based validation study of the short-form 36 version 2 Philippines (Tagalog) in two cities in the Philippines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Philippines (Tagalog) Short Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2(®)) standard questionnaire among Filipinos residing in two cities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The official Philippines (Tagalog) SF-36v2 standard (4-week recall) version was pretested on 30 participants followed by formal and informal cognitive debriefing. To obtain the feedback on translation by bilingual respondents, each SF-36v2 question was stated first in English followed by Tagalog. No revisions to the original questionnaire were needed except that participants thought it was appropriate to incorporate "po" in the instructions to make it more polite. Face-to-face interviews of 562 participants aged 20-50 years living in two barangays (villages) in the highly urbanized city of Makati City (Metro Manila) and in urban and rural barangays in Tanauan City (province of Batangas) were subsequently conducted. Content validity, item level validity, reliability and factor structure of the SF-36v2 (Tagalog) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Content validity of the SF-36v2 was assessed to be adequate for assessing health status among Filipinos. Item means of Philippines (Tagalog) SF-36v2 were similar with comparable scales in the US English, Singapore (English and Chinese) and Thai SF-36 version 1. Item-scale correlation exceeded 0.4 for all items except the bathing item in PF (correlation: 0.31). In exploratory factor analysis, the US two-component model was supported. However, in confirmatory factor analysis, the Japanese three-component model fit the Tagalog data better than the US two-component model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Philippines (Tagalog) SF-36v2 is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring health status among residents of Makati City (Metro Manila) and Tanauan City (Province of Batangas).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines (U.P.) Manila, Manila, Philippines ; LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Nina T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Castillo-Carandang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines (U.P.) Manila, Manila, Philippines ; LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Olivia T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Sison
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Mary Lenore
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Grefal
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines ; Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City, Metro Manila, Philippines  
authors.forename: Rody G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sy
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Oliver C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Alix
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Elmer Jasper B
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Llanes
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Paul Ferdinand M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Reganit
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Allan Wilbert G
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gumatay
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Felix Eduardo R
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Punzalan
authors.affiliation: LIFEcourse study in CARdiovascular disease Epidemiology (LIFECARE) Philippines Study Group, Lipid Research Unit, U.P.-Philippine General Hospital, U.P. Manila, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Felicidad V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Velandria
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: E Shyong
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore and Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Hwee-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003071:Cognition; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines; D011594:Psychometrics; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult