title: [Benefits and risks of iodine supplementation during pregnancy: a review of observational and experimental studies in mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency areas].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The iodine status of the French population has been improved since 1952. As iodine requirements increase during pregnancy, the World Health Organization recommended in 2005 systematic iodine supplementation for pregnant women. Our work tried to assess the benefits and risks of iodine supplementation during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the international literature from 1991 to 2011 and consulted the main references databases. Keywords were combined with boolean operators AND and OR. Selected studies were assessed with Consort grid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 226 papers, 99 were original articles. After analysis, 13 studies were included in this review. A favorable trend toward iodine supplementation from pregnancy desire to the end of pregnancy was observed. Iodine supplementation may prevent psychomotor and neuro-intellectual disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iodine status of pregnant women could be improved before pregnancy by more widespread use of iodized salt and iodine-enriched bread in French households. A randomized controlled trial is recommended to confirm the benefit of iodine supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Département de médecine générale, université Lyon 1, 8, avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France. Electronic address: sopirra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patey-Pirra
authors.affiliation: Département de médecine générale, université Lyon 1, 8, avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keriel-Gascou
authors.affiliation: Fédération d'endocrinologie, GHE, hospices civils de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borson-Chazot
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine
keywords: Adverse effects; Benefit-risk assessment; Compléments alimentaires; Dietary supplements; Effets indésirables; General practice; Grossesse; Iode; Iodine; Médecine générale; Pregnancy; Évaluation bénéfice-risque