title: R-α lipoic acid γ-cyclodextrin complex increases energy expenditure: a 4-month feeding study in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high-fat diet (HFD) affects energy expenditure in laboratory rodents. R-α lipoic acid cyclodextrin (RALA-CD) complex is a stable form of lipoic acid (LA) and may improve energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of RALA-CD on energy expenditure and underlying molecular targets in female laboratory mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD containing 0.1% LA for about 16 wk. The effects on energy expenditure, gene and protein expression were assessed using indirect calorimetry, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementing mice with RALA-CD resulted in a significant increase in energy expenditure. However, both RALA per se (without γ-cyclodextrin) and S-α lipoic acid cyclodextrin did not significantly alter energy expenditure. Furthermore RALA-CD changed expression of genes encoding proteins centrally involved in energy metabolism. Transcriptional key regulators sirtuin 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, coactivator 1 alpha, as well as thyroid related enzyme type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase were up-regulated in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of RALA-CD-fed mice. Importantly, mRNA and/or protein expression of downstream effectors uncoupling protein (Ucp) 1 and 3 also were elevated in BAT from RALA-CD-supplemented mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, present data suggest that RALA-CD is a regulator of energy expenditure in laboratory mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikolai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huebbe
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Metges
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schloesser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dose
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; School of Natural Systems, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.affiliation: CycloChem Bio Co, Ltd., Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Systems, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsugo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: rimbach@foodsci.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rimbach
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D056566:Sirtuin 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D015854:Up-Regulation; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
chemical_list: D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; C525046:Sirt3 protein, mouse; C000604371:UCP1 protein, human; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin
keywords: Brown adipose tissue; Energy expenditure; Lipoic acid; Mice; Uncoupling protein; γ-cyclodextrin