title: Obesity and sex influence insulin resistance and total and multimer adiponectin levels in adult neutered domestic shorthair client-owned cats.
abstract: In this study, we estimated insulin sensitivity and determined plasma concentrations of total-, low-molecular-weight (LMW), and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and leptin in 72 domestic shorthair, neutered, client-owned cats. Glucose tolerance was assessed with an intravenous glucose tolerance test and body fat percentage (BF%) was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Total adiponectin was measured with 2 different ELISAs. Low-molecular-weight and HMW adiponectin plasma concentrations were determined by Western blot analysis after sucrose-gradient velocity centrifugation, and the adiponectin multimer ratio [SA = HMW/(HMW + LMW)] was calculated. Differences in glucose tolerance, leptin, total adiponectin, and multimer ratio among lean (BF% <35; n = 26), overweight (35 <BF% <45; n = 28), and obese (BF% >45; n = 18) cats as well as between male (n = 34) and female (n = 38) neutered cats were evaluated by linear regression and 2-way ANOVA. Sex and age were included as covariates for analysis of BF%, whereas BF%, fat mass, and lean body mass were covariates for analysis of sex differences. Increased BF% was negatively correlated with multimer ratio (SA, r = -45; P < 0.002), whereas no differences were found in total adiponectin concentrations among BF% groups (P > 0.01). Male cats had indices of decreased insulin tolerance and significantly lower total adiponectin concentrations than did female cats (mean ± SEM, 3.7 ± 0.4 vs 5.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL; P < 0.02). Altered SAs could contribute to an obesity-associated decreasing glucose tolerance in cats, and low total adiponectin concentrations may relate to increased risk of diabetes mellitus in neutered male cats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. Electronic address: crb@sund.ku.dk.
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bjornvad
authors.affiliation: Centre for Companion Animal Health and Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.affiliation: Centre for Companion Animal Health and Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitehead
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000662:veterinary*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin
keywords: Adipokine; Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; Feline; Gender