title: Screening bleeding disorders in adolescents and young women with menorrhagia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic menorrhagia causes anemia and impairment of life quality. In this study the aim was the screening of bleeding disorders in adolescents and young women with menorrhagia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed prospectively by pediatric hematologists. A form including demographic characteristics of the patients, bleedings other than menorrhagia, familial bleeding history, characteristics of the menorrhagia, and impairment of life quality due to menorrhagia was filled out by the researcher during a face-to-face interview with the patient. A pictorial blood assessment chart was also used for evaluation of blood loss. All patients underwent pelvic ultrasound sonography testing and women also received pelvic examination by gynecologists. Whole blood count, peripheral blood smear, blood group, serum transaminases, urea, creatinine, ferritin, PFA-100, PT, aPTT, INR, TT, fibrinogen, VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, FVIII, and platelet aggregation assays were performed. Platelet aggregations were studied by lumiaggregometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 75 patients enrolled, 60 patients completed the study. The mean age was 20.68±10.34 (range: 10-48) years and 65% (n=39) of the patients were younger than 18 years. In 18 (46%) of the adolescents, menorrhagia subsided spontaneously. In 20% (n=12) of the patients, a bleeding disorder was detected (1 case of type 3 von Willebrand disease, 2 patients with low VWF:Ag, 1 case of probable von Willebrand disease, 3 cases of Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 2 cases of Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 2 cases of immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 case of congenital factor VII deficiency).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with menorrhagia, at least complete blood count, peripheral smear, aPTT, PT, VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, FVIII, and fibrinogen assays must be performed. When there is history of nose and gum bleeding, platelet function assay by lumiaggregometer must also be performed. In nearly 50% of adolescents, menorrhagia is dysfunctional and transient. Detailed coagulation assays can be postponed in adolescents if bleeding history other than menorrhagia and/or family history of bleeding and/or parental consanguinity is absent. All subjects with menorrhagia must consult with gynecologists and hematologists.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  None declared.
authors.affiliation: Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakı Kılıç
authors.affiliation: Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarper
authors.affiliation: Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zengin
authors.affiliation: Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aylan Gelen
keywords: Bleeding disorder; Menorrhagia; Platelet aggregation defects; von Willebrand disease