title: Contamination of food samples from Malaysia with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and estimation of human intake.
abstract: A total of 126 food samples, categorised into three groups (seafood and seafood products, meat and meat products, as well as milk and dairy products) from Malaysia were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The concentration of PCDD/Fs that ranged from 0.16 to 0.25 pg WHO05-TEQ g(-1) fw was found in these samples. According to the food consumption data from the Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS) of the World Health Organization (WHO), the dietary exposures to PCDD/F from seafood and seafood products, meat and meat products, as well as milk and dairy products for the general population in Malaysia were 0.064, 0.183 and 0.736 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1), respectively. However, the exposure was higher in seafood and seafood products (0.415 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1)) and meat and meat products (0.317 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1)) when the data were estimated using the Malaysian food consumption statistics. The lower exposure was observed in dairy products with an estimation of 0.365 pg WHO05-TEQ kg(-1) bw day(-1). Overall, these dietary exposure estimates were much lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) as recommended by WHO. Thus, it is suggested that the dietary exposure to PCDD/F does not represent a risk for human health in Malaysia.
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Advanced Analytical Toxicology Services , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yin-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Pui-Nyuk
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Hajjaj Juharullah
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.forename: Chee-Yuen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Mohamed Isa Abdul
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Majid
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004435:Eating; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005502:Food / Q000145:classification; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C023614:dibenzofuran; C020887:dibenzo(1,4)dioxin
keywords: Malaysia; dietary intake; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs); polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)