title: Pharmacotherapy prior to and in acute ischaemic stroke. The use of pharmacotherapy and drug-associated outcomes in real world practice - findings from the Polish Hospital Stroke Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke is a preventable disease and acute ischaemic stroke can be effectively treated. Specific pharmacotherapy is recommended in either prevention or acute ischemic stroke treatment. We aimed to evaluate the use and the early and late outcomes impact of drugs administered before and in acute ischaemic stroke in a real world practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ischaemic stroke patients hospitalized between 1st March 2007 and 29th February 2008 and reported in Polish Hospital Stroke Registry were analysed. Fully anonymous data were collected with standardized, web-based questionnaire with authorized access. Multivariate regression models were used to adjust for case-mix and evaluate the impact of drugs used prior to or in acute ischaemic stroke on outcomes. The early outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortality or poor outcome (death or dependency - modified Rankin Scale  3) at hospital discharge, while late outcomes covered one-year survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total number of 26 153 ischaemic stroke patients (mean age: 71.8 years; females: 51.6%) was reported. The ana-lysis of pharmacotherapy showed that preventive use of hypo-tensive agents, anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation, antiplatelets and statins is inadequate. Regression models confirmed some expected drug benefits and additionally revealed that antihypertensive drugs or aspirin used prior to stroke and oral anticoagulants or statins used in hospital were associated with better stroke outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevention of ischaemic stroke needs to be monitored and improved. Evidence-based treatment of acute ischaemic stroke requires further promotion. The benefits of acute ischaemic stroke treatment with statins require to be confirmed in randomized controlled settings.
authors.affiliation: dr hab. med. Maciej Niewada, Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warszawa, Polska, e-mail: maciej.niewada@wum.edu.p.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niewada
authors.forename: Iwona Marta
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Sarzyńska-Długosz
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skowrońska
authors.forename: Bogumił
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kamiński
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Członkowska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors