title: A novel method for the management of post-thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy hematoma: a single-institution experience after over 4,000 central neck operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical hematoma is a rare but serious complication of thyroid and parathyroid surgery that has historically required inpatient monitoring. With improved surgical technique and experience, operations are being performed increasingly as outpatient procedures. Therefore, a safe and systematic approach to cervical exploration of a postoperative hematoma needs to be defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2013, a retrospective review was performed of 4,140 thyroid and parathyroid operations. Surgical outcomes data were recorded, specifically including the occurrence of a cervical hematoma, time interval to presentation, and methods of management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 patients (0.43 %) developed a postoperative cervical hematoma that required surgical intervention. The occurrence of hematoma was 0.66 % (n = 11) for bilateral thyroid procedures, 0.21 % (n = 3) for unilateral thyroid procedures, and 0.13 % (n = 1) for parathyroid procedures. There were 3 (1.69 %) patients who had combined unilateral thyroid and parathyroid procedures and developed hematomas. Emergent bedside decompression was required for only two patients, both of whom suffered respiratory arrest in the postoperative anesthesia recovery unit. The remaining 16 patients were explored in the operating room, utilizing initial local anesthesia in the semi-upright position in 11 patients (69 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our experience, hematomas that caused significant airway compromise leading to respiratory arrest occurred in the postoperative anesthesia recovery room, and hematoma presentation after this time did not require emergent bedside decompression. Hematoma, when it occurs, can otherwise be managed safely in the operating room after inpatient or outpatient procedures using initial local anesthesia with the patient in the semi-upright position for hematoma evacuation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, 2401 South 31st Street, Temple, TX, 76508, USA, jdixon@sw.org.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Samuel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Terry C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lairmore
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jupiter
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Govednik
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hendricks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006406:Hematoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome