title: Alogliptin: A new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, efficacy, and place in therapy of alogliptin and its combinations for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alogliptin is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). It works by slowing the inactivation of the incretin hormones, thereby increasing their concentrations in the bloodstream and reducing fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations in a glucose-dependent manner in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alogliptin has a moderate degree of absorption, estimated to exceed 75%, and its absorption is not affected by food. No drug interactions are known to be associated with alogliptin monotherapy. It is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The clinical efficacy and safety of alogliptin have been demonstrated in several clinical trials, reducing patients' glycosylated hemoglobin level by 0.4-1.0% in 26 weeks. Alogliptin does not require any dosage adjustment when coadministered with ketoconazole, fluconazole, gemfibrozil, warfarin, metformin, glyburide, and pioglitazone. Alogliptin selectively binds to and inhibits DPP-4 in vitro at concentrations approximating therapeutic exposures. The most common adverse events associated with alogliptin are nasopharyngitis, headache, and upper respiratory tract infection. As with the other DPP-4 inhibitors, use of alogliptin may be associated with the development of pancreatitis during therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alogliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor, does not differ greatly from the other DPP-4 inhibitors currently available. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with metformin for the management of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Uche Anadu Ndefo, Pharm.D., BCPS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Southern University, Houston. Okwuchukwu Okoli, M.D., is Field Physician, Doctors Without Borders/Medecins Sans Frontieres, New York, NY. Goldina Erowele, Pharm.D., is Clinical Pharmacist III, Department of Pharmacy, Harris Health Systems, Houston.
authors.forename: Uche Anadu
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Ndefo
authors.forename: Okwuchukwu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okoli
authors.forename: Goldina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erowele
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014498:Uracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D010880:Piperidines; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014498:Uracil; C520853:alogliptin