title: Sensitivity of the breastfeeding motivational measurement scale: a known group analysis of first time mothers.
abstract: Breastfeeding has immense public health value for mothers, babies, and society. But there is an undesirably large gap between the number of new mothers who undertake and persist in breastfeeding compared to what would be a preferred level of accomplishment. This gap is a reflection of the many obstacles, both physical and psychological, that confront new mothers. Previous research has illuminated many of these concerns, but research on this problem is limited in part by the unavailability of a research instrument that can measure the key differences between first-time mothers and experienced mothers, with regard to the challenges they face when breastfeeding and the instructional advice they require. An instrument was designed to measure motivational complexity associated with sustained breast feeding behaviour; the Breastfeeding Motivational Measurement Scale. It contains 51 self-report items (7 point Likert scale) that cluster into four categories related to perceived value of breast-feeding, confidence to succeed, factors that influence success or failure, and strength of intentions, or goal. However, this scale has not been validated in terms of its sensitivity to profile the motivation of new mothers and experienced mothers. This issue was investigated by having 202 breastfeeding mothers (100 first time mothers) fill out the scale. The analysis reported in this paper is a three factor solution consisting of value, midwife support, and expectancies for success that explained the characteristics of first time mothers as a known group. These results support the validity of the BMM scale as a diagnostic tool for research on first time mothers who are learning to breastfeed. Further research studies are required to further test the validity of the scale in additional subgroups.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ulster, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stockdale
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Ulster, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Ulster, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kernohan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Support Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Evie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCrum-Gardner
authors.affiliation: Instructional Systems Faculty, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009042:Motivation; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires