title: Vitamin D sufficiency associates with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines after intense exercise in humans.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of vitamin D status (insufficient vs. sufficient) on circulating cytokines and skeletal muscle strength after muscular injury. To induce muscular injury, one randomly selected leg (SSC) performed exercise consisting of repetitive eccentric-concentric contractions. The other leg served as the control. An averaged serum 25(OH)D concentration from two blood samples collected before exercise and on separate occasions was used to establish vitamin D insufficiency (<30ng/mL, n=6) and sufficiency (>30ng/mL, n=7) in young, adult males. Serum cytokine concentrations, single-leg peak isometric force, and single-leg peak power output were measured before and during the days following the exercise protocol. The serum IL-10 and IL-13 responses to muscular injury were significantly (both p<0.05) increased in the vitamin D sufficient group. The immediate and persistent (days) peak isometric force (p<0.05) and peak power output (p<0.05) deficits in the SSC leg after the exercise protocol were not ameliorated with vitamin D sufficiency. We conclude that vitamin D sufficiency increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine response to muscular injury.
authors.affiliation: The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA. Electronic address: tyler.barker@imail.org.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Harry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: ARUP Laboratories, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kjeldsberg
authors.affiliation: USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84120, USA.
authors.forename: Erik D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.affiliation: Hyperbaric Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT 84107, USA; Hyperbaric Medicine, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA; University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Lindell K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Cytokines; Skeletal muscle strength; Vitamin D