title: Anti-obesity efficacy of nanoemulsion oleoresin capsicum in obese rats fed a high-fat diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study determined the effects of oleoresin capsicum (OC) and nanoemulsion OC (NOC) on obesity in obese rats fed a high-fat diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  THE RATS WERE RANDOMLY SEPARATED INTO THREE GROUPS: a high-fat (HF) diet group, HF + OC diet group, and HF + NOC diet group. All groups were fed the diet and water ad libitum for 14 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NOC reduced the body weight and adipose tissue mass, whereas OC did not. OC and NOC reduced mRNA levels of adipogenic genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid-binding protein in white adipose tissue. The mRNA levels of genes related to β-oxidation or thermogenesis including PPAR-α, palmitoyltransferase-1α, and uncoupling protein-2 were increased by the OC and NOC relative to the HF group. Both OC and NOC clearly stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. In particular, PPAR-α, palmitoyltransferase-1α, uncoupling protein-2 expression, and AMPK activity were significantly increased in the NOC group compared to in the OC group. NOC decreased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity whereas OC did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results, NOC could be suggested as a potential anti-obesity agent in obese rats fed a HF diet. The effects of the NOC on obesity were associated with changes of multiple gene expression, activation of AMPK, and inhibition of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in white adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mak-Soon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sunyoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chong-Tai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hwan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soojung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yangha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004655:Emulsions; D008297:Male; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D053769:Nanocapsules; D010936:Plant Extracts; C018620:oleoresins
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; anti-obesity; gene expression; nanoemulsion; oleoresin capsicum; rats