title: Inhibitory effect of chlorophyllin on the Propionibacterium acnes-induced chemokine expression.
abstract: Chlorophyllin (CHL), a chlorophyll-derivative, exhibits several beneficial properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities against Propionibacterium acnes have not been described. The antibacterial activity of this compound was evaluated in vitro using the broth microdilution method. CHL had an inhibitory effect on the growth of P. acnes (MIC = 100 μM). In a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, CHL significantly decreased interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production in a dose-dependent manner, decreasing both mRNA and protein levels for these chemokines in THP-1 cells indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of it. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of CHL in THP-1 cells stimulated by P. acnes, we used western blotting to analyze the effect of CHL on activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB. CHL inhibited P. acnes-induced IL-8 and MCP-1 production via blockade of NF-κB activation in THP-1 cells. Therefore, based on these results, we suggest that CHL is a useful agent to control the growth of P. acnes involved in acne inflammation and prevent acne.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 501-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Boo-Ahn
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youn-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hae-Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jong-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002735:Chlorophyllides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; C007020:chlorophyllin