title: Postoperative surveillance of small appendiceal carcinoid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The necessity and frequency of postoperative surveillance for appendiceal carcinoid tumors ≤1 cm are undetermined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of all patients with appendiceal carcinoid tumors ≤1 cm managed at an academic, tertiary referral center. Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, surveillance, recurrence, and survival were assessed and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 16-year period, 31 patients met the inclusion criteria. Appendicitis (n = 17) and pelvic mass (n = 5) were the most common presentations. Median tumor diameter was 5 mm (range, 1-10 mm). Two patients had mesoappendiceal involvement. No patients had regional lymph node involvement or distant metastasis. Postoperatively, 14 patients (45%) received follow-up recommendations, including ≥1 of the following: imaging (n = 9), medical oncology referral (n = 7), colonoscopy (n = 5), and laboratory studies (n = 5). There were no recurrences or disease-specific deaths during a median follow-up period of 5 years (range, 0-15 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appendiceal carcinoids ≤1 cm are unlikely to recur. Therefore, postoperative surveillance may be unnecessary.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, K4/739 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, K4/739 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, K4/739 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Sippel
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, K4/739 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, K4/739 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA. Electronic address: oltmann@surgery.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oltmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014922:Wisconsin; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Appendix; Carcinoid; Follow-up; Recommendation; Surveillance; Tumor