title: Inhibition of tooth erosion by milk containing different fluoride concentrations: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study assessed the effect of milk containing different fluoride concentrations on tooth erosion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine enamel and root dentine specimens were treated with: (1) bovine whole milk with 0ppm F; (2) 2.5ppm F; (3) 5ppm F; (4) 10ppm F (all after erosion); (5) whole milk with 0ppm F (before erosion); (6) NaF (0.05% F, positive control, after erosion) or (7) 0.9% NaCl (negative control, after erosion). The specimens were submitted to pH cycles (4× 90s in soft drink) and treatments for 5 days. The specimens were immersed in the treatment solutions for 1min (only at the first cycle each day) with further exposition to 1:1 milk:saliva slurry for 10min. The tooth loss was measured using a contact profilometer and statistically analysed (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rinsing with milk before erosive challenge significantly reduced tooth loss compared to negative control (67% and 24% reduction in dentine and enamel loss, respectively) and to milk after erosive challenge, only for dentine. The addition of fluoride to milk also reduced tooth loss compared to negative control, but with no significant differences among fluoride concentrations for enamel and dentine (μm), respectively: 0ppm (3.63±0.04 and 2.51±0.53), 2.5ppm F (2.86±0.42 and 1.96±0.47), 5ppm F (2.81±0.27 and 1.77±0.44), 10ppm F (2.03±0.49 and 1.68±0.59). There was a negative and significant correlation between [F] and the tooth loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily rinse with milk containing F is able to reduce both enamel and dentine erosion in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the prevalence of dental erosion is steadily increasing, rinse with milk or its derivate might be an important strategy to reduce the progression of tooth erosion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: acm@fob.usp.br.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: C A B
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Cassiano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pessan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008892:Milk / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: Dentine; Enamel; Erosion; Fluoride; Milk