title: Development of a flat membrane based device for electromembrane extraction: a new approach for exhaustive extraction of basic drugs from human plasma.
abstract: In this work, a single-well electromembrane extraction (EME) device was developed based on a thin (100μm) and flat porous membrane of polypropylene supporting a liquid membrane. The new EME device was operated with a relatively large acceptor solution volume to promote a high recovery. Using this EME device, exhaustive extraction of the basic drugs quetiapine, citalopram, amitriptyline, methadone and sertraline was investigated from both acidified water samples and human plasma. The volume of acceptor solution, extraction time, and extraction voltage were found to be important factors for obtaining exhaustive extraction. 2-Nitrophenyl octyl ether was selected as the optimal organic solvent for the supported liquid membrane. From spiked acidified water samples (600μl), EME was carried out with 600μl of 20mM HCOOH as acceptor solution for 15min and with an extraction voltage of 250V. Under these conditions, extraction recoveries were in the range 89-112%. From human plasma samples (600μl), EME was carried out with 600μl of 20mM HCOOH as acceptor solution for 30min and with an extraction voltage of 300V. Under these conditions, extraction recoveries were in the range of 83-105%. When combined with LC-MS, the new EME device provided linearity in the range 10-1000ng/ml for all analytes (R(2)>0.990). The repeatability at low (10ng/ml), medium (100ng/ml), and high (1000ng/ml) concentration level for all five analytes were less than 10% (RSD). The limits of quantification (S/N=10) were found to be in the range 0.7-6.4ng/ml.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; G&T Septech AS, PO Box 33, 1917 Ytre Enebakk, Norway.
authors.forename: Chuixiu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars Erik Eng
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Eibak
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gjelstad
authors.affiliation: G&T Septech AS, PO Box 33, 1917 Ytre Enebakk, Norway.
authors.forename: Xiantao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: G&T Septech AS, PO Box 33, 1917 Ytre Enebakk, Norway.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trones
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: stig.pedersen-bjergaard@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedersen-Bjergaard
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004987:Ethers; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000097:blood*; D011126:Polypropylenes; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C519952:2-nitrophenyl octyl ether; D004987:Ethers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011126:Polypropylenes; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water
keywords: Basic drugs; Electromembrane extraction (EME); Exhaustive extraction; Flat membrane; Human plasma