title: Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of plant seed extracts from Brazilian semiarid region.
abstract: The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of ethanolic seed extracts of twenty-one plant species from Brazilian semiarid region were investigated. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against six bacteria strains and three yeasts. Six extracts presented activity against the Gram (-) organism Salmonella choleraesuis and the Gram (+) organisms Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The MIC values ranged from 4.96 to 37.32 mg/mL. The Triplaris gardneriana extract presented activity against the three species, with MIC values 18.8, 13.76, and 11.15 mg/mL, respectively. Five extracts presented antioxidant activity, with EC50 values ranging from 69.73 μ g/mL (T. gardneriana) to 487.51 μ g/mL (Licania rigida). For the anticholinesterase activity, eleven extracts were capable of inhibiting the enzyme activity. From those, T. gardneriana, Parkia platycephala and Connarus detersus presented the best activities, with inhibition values of 76.7, 71.5, and 91.9%, respectively. The extracts that presented antimicrobial activity were tested for hemolytic assay against human A, B, and O blood types and rabbit blood. From those, only the Myracrodruon urundeuva extract presented activity (about 20% of hemolysis at the lowest tested concentration, 1.9 µg/mL). Infrared spectroscopy of six representative extracts attested the presence of tannins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which was confirmed by a qualitative phytochemical assay.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Davi Felipe
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Terezinha Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Martônio Ponte
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Marques
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arcelina Pacheco
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ilka Maria
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nágila Maria Pontes Silva
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64600-000 Picos, PI, Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Avenida Universitária, s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Michel Pinheiro
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vânia Maria Maciel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Fontenele Urano
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D001938:Brazil; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002802:Cholinesterases