title: The acceptance of hearing disability among adults experiencing hearing difficulties: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study developed the Hearing Disability Acceptance Questionnaire (HDAQ) and tested its construct and concurrent validities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 90 participants who were experiencing hearing difficulties were recruited in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HDAQ was developed based on the Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (TAQ). Participants completed self-report measures regarding hearing disability acceptance, hearing disability, symptoms of anxiety and depression and a measure of stages of change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HDAQ has a two-factor structure that explains 75.69% of its variance. The factors identified were activity engagement and avoidance and suppression. The scale showed a sufficient internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.86). The HDAQ also had acceptable concurrent validity with regard to self-reported hearing disability, self-reported anxiety and depression and readiness to change measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acceptance is likely an important aspect of coping with chronic health conditions. To our knowledge, no previously published and validated scale measures the acceptance of hearing disability; therefore, the HDAQ might be useful in future research. However, the role of acceptance in adjusting to hearing disability must be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Vinaya K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: C Manchaiah
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molander
authors.forename: Jerker
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rönnberg
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lunner
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Public Health