title: Effect of sulfa drugs on kidney function and renal scintigraphy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sulfonamide group is widely used for bacterial diseases including kidney and urinary tract infections. The present study investigates the effect of a sulfa drug on kidney function and renography studies by using a radionuclide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renography studies were performed on New Zealand white rabbits. Each rabbit was injected with 48.1 MBq technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine ((99m) Tc-MAG-3). Dynamic images were acquired using a gamma camera. Radioactivity time curves were generated from the regions of interest, time to peak activity (Tmax ) and time from peak to 50% activity (T1/2 ). Each rabbit served as its own control. The sulfa drug was given to these rabbits for 7 days (i.v injection 130 mg/kg daily in two divided doses; i.e. the single dose is 65 mg/kg), then dynamic images were acquired.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with sulfa shifted the experimental curves to the right of the control curves. This result showed that there was a delayed renal uptake of (99m) Tc-MAG-3 and its clearance. Calculated averages of Tmax were 2.2 ± 0.3 and 5.9 ± 0.5 min; while for T1/2 were 3.1 ± 0.3 and 8.4 ± 0.6 min for control and sulfa-treated rabbits, respectively (n = 20; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that sulfa drug induced pharmacokinetic changes because of delaying both the Tmax and T1/2 . Sulfa drug has an effect on the reabsorption from the renal tubules and the excretion process of (99m) Tc-MAG-3 which is excreted almost exclusively by the renal tubules. Therefore, sulfa drug causes a deterioration in kidney function and an alteration on radionuclide renography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Nursing, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Seham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Abdulhakeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsughayer
authors.forename: Abdelhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elgazzar
authors.forename: Abdelzaher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elassar
authors.forename: Fakhria
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Sagheer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D011817:Rabbits; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D065608:Renal Reabsorption; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D017263:Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013449:Sulfonamides; D017263:Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide
keywords: kidney; nucleotide; sulfanilamide; technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine