title: Peri-implantitis: a systematic review of recently published papers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This systematic review considers possible etiologic factors and definitions of peri-implantitis as reported in the recent literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic search of databases plus a hand search of the most relevant journals published between January 2005 and September 2012 were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The electronic and manual searches yielded 640 and 14 titles, respectively. From the independent doublecheck of the titles and abstracts, 24 full texts were downloaded (18 clinical studies and 6 animal studies). After reading the full texts, 10 articles (4 clinical studies and 6 animal studies) were included in this review. None of the human articles selected provided sufficient evidence to address the research question, and no human clinical evidence is available to support a cause-effect relationship between peri-implantitis and bacterial accumulation and/or occlusal overload. The animal literature is also not unanimous regarding a specific peri-implantitis etiology. However, a correlation between periodontitis and smoking histories was cited as contributing to a higher incidence of peri-implantitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available scientific literature is characterized by an absence of a unanimous consensus regarding the etiology of peri-implantitis and its specific relationship to periodontitis. Furthermore, both the choice of the term peri-implantitis and its definition remain controversial.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menini
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tealdo
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical