title: Quantitative evaluation of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension by HPLC, application to bioassay method and cytotoxicity studies.
abstract: Besifloxacin (BSF) is a synthetic chiral fluoroquinolone developed for the topical treatment of ophthalmic infections. The present study reports the development and validation of a microbiological assay, applying the cylinder-plate method, for determination of BSF in ophthalmic suspension. To assess this methodology, the development and validation of the method was performed for the quantification of BSF by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method showed specificity, linearity in the range of 20-80 µg mL(-1) (r=0.9998), precision, accuracy and robustness. The microbiological method is based on the inhibitory effect of BSF upon the strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 used as a test microorganism. The bioassay validation method yielded excellent results and included linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and selectivity. The assay results were treated statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and were found to be linear (r=0.9974) in the range of 0.5-2.0 µg mL(-1), precise (inter-assay: RSD=0.84), accurate (101.4%), specific and robust. The bioassay and the previously validated high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method were compared using Student's t test, which indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between these two methods. These results confirm that the proposed microbiological method can be used as routine analysis for the quantitative determination of BSF in an ophthalmic suspension. A preliminary stability study during the HPLC validation was performed and demonstrated that BSF is unstable under UV conditions. The photodegradation kinetics of BSF in water showed a first-order reaction for the drug product (ophthalmic suspension) and a second-order reaction for the reference standard (RS) under UVA light. UVA degraded samples of BSF were also studied in order to determine the preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity against mononuclear cells. The results indicated that BSF does not alter the cell membrane and has been considered non-toxic to human mononuclear cells in the experimental conditions tested.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul., Av. Ipiranga 2752, Lab. 402, F: 55-51-3308-5214 Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil. Electronic address: marciacncosta@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Márcia C N
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul., Av. Ipiranga 2752, Lab. 402, F: 55-51-3308-5214 Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Barden
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga 2752, Lab. 505-H, F: 55-51-3308-5258 Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana M M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul., Av. Ipiranga 2752, Lab. 402, F: 55-51-3308-5214 Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tércio P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Oppe
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul., Av. Ipiranga 2752, Lab. 402, F: 55-51-3308-5214 Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elfrides E S
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Schapoval
mesh_terms: D001381:Azepines / Q000032:analysis*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; C522124:besifloxacin
keywords: Besifloxacin; Bioassay; Cytotoxicity; HPLC; Method validation