title: Is disorganized schizophrenia a predictor of treatment resistance? Evidence from an observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether inpatients with disorganized schizophrenia are more resistant to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five inpatients were assessed at admission and at discharge for schizophrenia subtype, symptom severity, and treatment resistance criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disorganized patients were significantly more treatment-resistant than paranoid patients (60%, p = 0.001), and presented worse scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S), and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) (p < 0.001). Although the difference was not significant, 80% of treatment-resistant patients with disorganized schizophrenia responded to clozapine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia should benefit from clozapine as a second-line agent.
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Bertolucci
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, UNIFESP, São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerardo Maria de
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Araújo Filho
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ary Gadelha de Alencar
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Araripe Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas Luzia de Pinho Melo, Associação Paulista para o Desenvolvimento da Medicina (SPDM), Mogi das CruzesSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Schizophrenia Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Affonseca
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012562:Schizophrenia, Disorganized / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine