title: An example of end-digit preference in physiotherapy practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Standardizing and improving the validity of range of motion (ROM) measurements is of clinical relevance to physiotherapists. The purpose of this study was to assess whether end-digit preference exists in the measurement of knee ROM in people after knee replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following total knee replacement, 100 people underwent active-assisted knee ROM measurements using a goniometer calibrated in 1° increments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed strong end-digit preferences for 0s and 5s (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  End-digit preference does exist in the measurement of knee ROM. This has the potential to influence both the validity of ROM measurements and clinical decisions.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Science ; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton ; Department of Surgery.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Stratford
authors.affiliation: Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre ; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Amy V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Science ; Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre ; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
keywords: bias; measurement; reproducibility of results