title: Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. from humans in Shanghai, China, 2004-2011.
abstract: A retrospective study conducted on patients with diarrhea in Shanghai, China from 2004-2011, indicated that of 77,600 samples collected, 1,635 (2.1%) tested positive for Shigella. Species isolated included S. sonnei (1,066, 65.1%), S. flexneri (569, 34.7%), and S. boydii (3, 0.2%). Most of the Shigella isolates were found to be resistant to streptomycin (98.7%), trimethoprim (98.0%), ampicillin (92.1%), and nalidixic acid (91.7%). Additionally, many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (86.9%), trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (80.1%), sulfisoxazole (76.8%) and gentamicin (55.5%). Approximately 80% of the isolates were resistant to at least eight antimicrobial agents, 14% to at least ten antimicrobials tested and 10 isolates to fourteen antimicrobials, including sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and β-lactamases. Importantly, co-resistance to fluoroquinolones and the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins was also identified. The high levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents commonly used in clinical medicine presents a great challenge to treating patients with shigellosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiayu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhengan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Ke-Ma-Jia Technology Center for Microbiology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: xbxu@scdc.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. Electronic address: jmeng@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D012760:Shigella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D005839:Gentamicins; D000667:Ampicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Shigella