title: Changes of Th17/Tc17 and Th17/Treg cells in endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T helper 17 (Th17), T cytotoxic 17 (Tc17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells are important factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, information concerning the roles of these cells in antitumor immunity or endometrial tumorigenesis remains limited. In this study, we aimed to describe the distribution of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells in endometrial carcinoma patients, and elucidate the probable role of these effector T cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the expression of interleukin (IL)-17 and Foxp3 in the peripheral blood of endometrial carcinoma patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry to determine the relative numbers of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells. Th17 cells and Tc17 cells were counted as percentages of the total number of CD3(+) T cells; Treg cells were counted as a percentage of the total number of CD4(+) T cells. We also evaluated Th17 and Tc17 cells in tumor tissue by immunohistochemical staining. IL-17 and IL-10, dominant products of these three cell types, were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells, as well as the serum level of IL-10, were significantly elevated in endometrial carcinoma patients compared to healthy controls. The Th17/Tc17 and Th17/Treg ratios were also observed to change significantly. However, there was no significant difference on the IL-17 levels in the serum. Additionally, immunohistochemistry performed on tumor tissues indicated that the amounts of Th17 and Tc17 increased in the cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggests a probable involvement of Th17, Tc17 and Treg cells in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma. Restoring the balance of these cells may help with the research and development of immunotherapies for endometrial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jinan Maternity and Children's Hospital, Jinan 250001, PR China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Weifang City, Weifang 262500, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China; Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Daoxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
authors.forename: Beihua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China. Electronic address: cuibaoxia@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Baoxia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Endometrial carcinoma; Tc17; Th17; Treg; Tumor immunity