title: Inverse vertical migration and feeding in glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale).
abstract: A bottom-mounted upward-facing 38-kHz echo sounder was deployed at ~400 m and cabled to shore in Masfjorden (~60°52'N, ~5°24'E), Norway. The scattering layers seen during autumn (September-October) 2008 were identified by trawling. Glacier lanternfish (Benthosema glaciale) were mainly distributed below ~200 m and displayed three different diel behavioral strategies: normal diel vertical migration (NDVM), inverse DVM (IDVM) and no DVM (NoDVM). The IDVM group was the focus of this study. It consisted of 2-year and older individuals migrating to ~200-270 m during the daytime, while descending back to deeper than ~270 m during the night. Stomach content analysis revealed increased feeding during the daytime on overwinteringCalanussp. We conclude that visually searching glacier lanternfish performing IDVM benefit from the faint daytime light in mid-waters when preying on overwinteringCalanussp.
authors.affiliation: Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ; Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dypvik
authors.affiliation: Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ; Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Thor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Klevjer
authors.affiliation: Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ; Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaartvedt