title: Imaging live cell in micro-liquid enclosure by X-ray laser diffraction.
abstract: Emerging X-ray free-electron lasers with femtosecond pulse duration enable single-shot snapshot imaging almost free from sample damage by outrunning major radiation damage processes. In bioimaging, it is essential to keep the sample close to its natural state. Conventional high-resolution imaging, however, suffers from severe radiation damage that hinders live cell imaging. Here we present a method for capturing snapshots of live cells kept in a micro-liquid enclosure array by X-ray laser diffraction. We place living Microbacterium lacticum cells in an enclosure array and successively expose each enclosure to a single X-ray laser pulse from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free-Electron Laser. The enclosure itself works as a guard slit and allows us to record a coherent diffraction pattern from a weakly-scattering submicrometre-sized cell with a clear fringe extending up to a 28-nm full-period resolution. The reconstructed image reveals living whole-cell structures without any staining, which helps advance understanding of intracellular phenomena.
authors.affiliation: 1] Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan [2].
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: 1] Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan [2].
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Joti
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Changyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Sangsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Makina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yabashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Microbiology, Kyowa-kako Co. Ltd., 2-15-5 Tadao, Machida, Tokyo 194-0035, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Microbiology, Kyowa-kako Co. Ltd., 2-15-5 Tadao, Machida, Tokyo 194-0035, Japan.
authors.forename: Tairo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bessho
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods*