title: Triphenyltin biodegradation and intracellular material release by Brevibacillus brevis.
abstract: Triphenyltin (TPT) is an endocrine disruptor that has polluted the global environment, and thus far, information regarding the mechanisms of TPT biodegradation and intracellular material release is limited. Here, TPT biodegradation was conducted by using Brevibacillus brevis. Degradation affecting factors, metabolite formation, ion and protein release, membrane permeability, and cell viability after degradation were investigated to reveal the biodegradation mechanisms. The results showed that TPT could be degraded simultaneously to diphenyltin and monophenyltin, with diphenyltin further degraded to monophenyltin, and ultimately to inorganic tin. During degradation process, B. brevis metabolically released Cl(-) and Na(+), and passively diffused Ca(2+). Protein release and membrane permeability were also enhanced by TPT exposure. pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5 and relatively high biomass dosage in mineral salt medium improved TPT degradation. Biodegradation efficiency of 0.5 mg L(-1) TPT by 0.3 g L(-1)B. brevis at 25 °C for 5d was up to 80%.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jinshao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hangjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: huayin@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Litao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D058675:Brevibacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014001:Tin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009947:Organotin Compounds; C063612:diphenyltin; C063613:phenyltin; D014001:Tin; C030665:triphenyltin; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Biodegradation; Brevibacillus brevis; Ion release; Organotin; Triphenyltin