title: Regulation of peroxisomal lipid metabolism: the role of acyl-CoA and coenzyme A metabolizing enzymes.
abstract: Peroxisomes are nearly ubiquitous organelles involved in a number of metabolic pathways that vary between organisms and tissues. A common metabolic function in mammals is the partial degradation of various (di)carboxylic acids via α- and β-oxidation. While only a small number of enzymes catalyze the reactions of β-oxidation, numerous auxiliary enzymes have been identified to be involved in uptake of fatty acids and cofactors required for β-oxidation, regulation of β-oxidation and transport of metabolites across the membrane. These proteins include membrane transporters/channels, acyl-CoA thioesterases, acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases, carnitine acyltransferases and nudix hydrolases. Here we review the current view of the role of these auxiliary enzymes in peroxisomal lipid metabolism and propose that they function in concert to provide a means to regulate fatty acid metabolism and transport of products across the peroxisomal membrane.
authors.affiliation: Dublin Institute of Technology, College of Sciences & Health, School of Biological Sciences, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland. Electronic address: mary.hunt@dit.ie.
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tillander
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan E H
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Alexson
mesh_terms: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism*; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D003065:Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism*; D015256:Coenzyme A-Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000096964:Nudix Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D000217:Acyltransferases; D003065:Coenzyme A; D015256:Coenzyme A-Transferases; D005227:Fatty Acids; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D000096964:Nudix Hydrolases; C031212:acyl-CoA transferase
keywords: Acyl-CoA thioesterase; Acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase; Coenzyme A; Nudix hydrolase; Peroxisomal lipid metabolism; β-Oxidation