title: Modulation of cardiac cytochrome P450 in patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence that cytochrome P450 (CYP) plays a role in the onset, progression and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular, heart failure (HF). The importance of CYP enzymes in cardiovascular physiology derives from their ability to metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, which are involved in the maintenance of cardiovascular health, including the regulation of vascular tone, cardiac ion channels and heart contractility. Moreover, CYP plays a central role in the Phase I metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. Inter-individual variability in expression and function of CYP enzymes is a major factor accounting for individual susceptibility to drug response.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review focuses on current knowledge of the role of CYP enzymes and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of CVD, in particular, HF. The role of CYP enzymes in affecting individual response to cardiovascular drugs is also discussed. The literature search was performed using the PubMed database.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which CYP affects the pathophysiology of HF and also the mechanism by which HF alters cardiac and hepatic CYP enzymes.
authors.affiliation: San Filippo Neri Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Via Martinotti 20, 00135 Rome , Italy +39 06 33062294 ; +39 06 33062489 ; naspromonte@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aspromonte
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monitillo
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puzzovivo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caldarola
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iacoviello
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics
chemical_list: D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System