title: Late replication domains are evolutionary conserved in the Drosophila genome.
abstract: Drosophila chromosomes are organized into distinct domains differing in their predominant chromatin composition, replication timing and evolutionary conservation. We show on a genome-wide level that genes whose order has remained unaltered across 9 Drosophila species display late replication timing and frequently map to the regions of repressive chromatin. This observation is consistent with the existence of extensive domains of repressive chromatin that replicate extremely late and have conserved gene order in the Drosophila genome. We suggest that such repressive chromatin domains correspond to a handful of regions that complete replication at the very end of S phase. We further demonstrate that the order of genes in these regions is rarely altered in evolution. Substantial proportion of such regions significantly coincide with large synteny blocks. This indicates that there are evolutionary mechanisms maintaining the integrity of these late-replicating chromatin domains. The synteny blocks corresponding to the extremely late-replicating regions in the D. melanogaster genome consistently display two-fold lower gene density across different Drosophila species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalya G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Andreyenkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kolesnikova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia ; Research Computing Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Makunin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Pokholkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Lidiya V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Boldyreva
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Zykova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Zhimulev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Belyaeva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D042522:DNA Replication Timing / Q000235:genetics*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D049750:Genome, Insect; D013045:Species Specificity; D026801:Synteny
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin