title: The effect of aquatic exercises on primary dysmenorrhoea in nonathlete girls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary dysmenorrhoea without any specific pelvic disease is one of the common complaints in women`s medicine. The general purpose of this research is to define the effects of 12-week aquatic exercises on nonathletic girls' primary dysmenorrhoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  This quasi-experimental was conducted on 40 nonathletic girls aged 18-25 years. Data gathering tools were: Evaluation form of primary dysmenorrhoea and the pain evaluation tool based on the McGill standard pain questionnaire completed before and after the intervention in 3 months (first, second, and third run). Then, 20 subjects were assigned to aquatic exercise group and the other 20 to control group. The subjects in experimental group did aquatic exercise for three sessions a week for 60 minutes for 12 weeks between two menstruations. Kruskal - Wallis and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this research indicated that severity and duration of pain decreased after 12 weeks of aquatic exercises. Comparison of the two groups showed a significant difference in pain intensity based on visual analogue scale (VAS) scale after these exercises (first, second, and third runs). Present pain intensity (PPI) scale after these exercises (second and third runs) showed a significant difference. Comparison of the two groups showed a significant difference in length of pain after these exercises (third run).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Totally, the findings of the present study showed that 12-week regular aquatic exercises are effective on decrease of the severity of the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea.
authors.affiliation: MSc of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Department of Physical Education and Sport sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rezvani
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Department of Physical Education and Sport sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taghian
authors.affiliation: Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Midwifery and reproductive health department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahboubeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valiani
keywords: Exercise therapy; Iran; primary dysmenorrhea