title: Initiation and early control of tissue regeneration - bone healing as a model system for tissue regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue regeneration in itself is a fascinating process that promises repeated renewal of tissue and organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article aims to illustrate the different strategies available to control tissue regeneration at a very early stage, using bone as an exemplary tissue. The aspects of a controlled inflammatory cascade to achieve a balanced immune response, cell therapeutic approaches for improved tissue formation and angiogenesis, guiding the organization of newly formed extracellular matrix by biomaterials, the relevance of mechanical signals for tissue regeneration processes, and the chances and limitations of growth factor treatments are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The currently available knowledge is reviewed and perspectives for potential new targets are given. This is done under the assumption that early identification of risk patients as well as the application of early intervention strategies is possible.
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery , Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin , Germany +49 30 450 536196 ; +49 30 450 559969 ; katharina.schmidt-bleek@charite.de.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Bleek
authors.forename: Ansgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dienelt
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Georg N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Duda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000502:physiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins