title: Synchrotron μCT imaging of bone, titanium implants and bone substitutes - a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: Today X-ray micro computer tomography (μCT) imaging is used to investigate bone microarchitecture. μCT imaging is obtained by polychromatic X-ray beams, resulting in images with beam hardening artifacts, resolution levels at 10 μm, geometrical blurring, and lack of contrasts. When μCT is coupled to synchrotron sources (SRμCT) a spatial resolution up to one tenth of a μm may be achieved. A review of the literature concerning SRμCT was performed to investigate its usability and its strength in visualizing fine bone structures, vessels, and microarchitecture of bone. Although mainly limited to in vitro examinations, SRμCT is considered as a gold standard to image trabecular bone microarchitecture since it is possible in a 3D manner to visualize fine structural elements within mineralized tissue such as osteon boundaries, rods and plates structures, cement lines, and differences in mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Else Marie Pinholt), Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, Copenhagen N, Denmark. Electronic address: camillaneldam@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Camilla Albeck
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Neldam
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Else Marie Pinholt), Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Else Marie
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pinholt
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Bone microarchitecture; Dental implants; Imaging; Synchrotron