title: Speech, language, voice, resonance and hearing disorders in patients with cleft lip and palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of speech, language, and hearing disorders in patients with cleft palate with or without cleft lip.
  
  
  METHODS
  All data were retrieved from 384 medical records, transferred to case record forms and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oronasal fistula rate was 15.25% (95% confidence interval: CI 11.49-19.02). The overall rates of delayed language development, articulation disorders, resonance disorders, voice disorders, and hearing disorders were 16.33% (95% CI = 12.65-20.69), 88.56% (84.47-92.65), 43.26% (95% CI = 36.58-49.93), 19.13% (95% CI = 14.26-24.82), and 79.49% (95% CI = 74.28-84.70), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For speech and hearing, rates of abnormality were very high compared with those reported in the previous studies. Treatment protocols should receive more attention and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. bprathanee@gmail.com
authors.forename: Benjamas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prathanee
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panida
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thanawirattananit
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sanguansak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanaviratananich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand