title: [Common types of massive intraoperative haemorrhage, treatment philosophy and operating skills in pelvic cancer surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the common types of massive intraoperative bleeding, clinical characteristics, treatment philosophy and operating skills in pelvic cancer surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated massive intraoperative bleeding in 19 patients with pelvic cancer in our department from January 2003 to March 2012. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features of massive intraoperative bleeding were analyzed, the treatment experience and lessons were summed up, and the operating skills to manage this serious issue were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this group of 19 patients, 7 cases were of presacral venous plexus bleeding, 5 cases of internal iliac vein bleeding, 6 cases of anterior sacral venous plexus and internal iliac vein bleeding, and one cases of internal and external iliac vein bleeding. Six cases of anterior sacral plexus bleeding and 4 cases of internal iliac vein bleeding were treated with suture ligation to stop the bleeding. Six cases of anterior sacral and internal iliac vein bleeding, one cases of anterior sacral vein bleeding, and one case of internal iliac vein bleeding were managed with transabdominal perineal incision or transabdominal cotton pad compression hemostasis. One case of internal and external iliac vein bleeding was treated with direct ligation of the external iliac vein and compression hemostasis of the internal iliac vein. Among the 19 patients, 18 cases had effective hemostasis. Their blood loss was 400-1500 ml, and they had a fair postoperative recovery. One patient died due to massive intraoperative bleeding of ca. 4500 ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the massive intraoperative bleeding during pelvic cancer surgery is from the presacral venous plexus and internal iliac vein. The operator should go along with the treatment philosophy to save the life of the patient above all, and to properly perform suture ligation or compression hemostasis according to the actual situation, and with mastered crucial operating hemostatic skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Gang-cheng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China. Email: hnhanguangsen@126.com.
authors.forename: Guang-sen
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Ying-kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Yong-chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Chao-min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Yu-zhou
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Tumor Hospital), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: Yan-hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000601:surgery; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000601:surgery; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery