title: Comprehensive expression analysis of rice Armadillo gene family during abiotic stress and development.
abstract: Genes in the Armadillo (ARM)-repeat superfamily encode proteins with a range of developmental and physiological processes in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. These 42 amino acid, long tandem repeat-containing proteins have been abundantly recognized in many plant species. Previous studies have confirmed that Armadillo proteins constitute a multigene family in Arabidopsis. In this study, we performed a computational analysis in the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica), and identified 158 genes of Armadillo superfamily. Phylogenetic study classified them into several arbitrary groups based on a varying number of non-conserved ARM repeats and accessory domain(s) associated with them. An in-depth analysis of gene expression through microarray and Q-PCR revealed a number of ARM proteins expressing differentially in abiotic stresses and developmental conditions, suggesting a potential roles of this superfamily in development and stress signalling. Comparative phylogenetic analysis between Arabidopsis and rice Armadillo genes revealed a high degree of evolutionary conservation between the orthologues in two plant species. The non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions per site ratios (Ka/Ks) of duplicated gene pairs indicate a purifying selection. This genome-wide identification and expression analysis provides a basis for further functional analysis of Armadillo genes under abiotic stress and reproductive developmental condition in the plant lineage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
authors.forename: Amarjeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baranwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India.
authors.forename: Akhilesh K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India gkpandey@south.du.ac.in.
authors.forename: Girdhar K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D019295:Computational Biology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018745:Genome, Plant; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D005810:Multigene Family; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Armadillo; abiotic stress; development; signal transduction