title: Fourth time cardiac retransplantation.
abstract: Beginning at age 11 years, our patient has had four heart transplants. Now, 26 years later at age 37, he is fully active. This case is presented to document a unique experience and to consider the difficult decision-making process and ethical issues of multiple cardiac retransplantation.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coelho-Anderson
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mineburg
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Jack G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Copeland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000601:surgery; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation / Q000941:ethics; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: failure; heart; heart failure; kidney (includes disease; rejection (immunologic); renal function); transplantation