title: Use of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acoustic technology is a potential tool to protect wood materials and eventually live trees from colonization by bark beetles. Bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis, western pine beetle D. brevicomis and pine engraver Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) use chemical and acoustic cues to communicate and to locate potential mates and host trees. In this study, the efficacy of sound treatments on D. frontalis, D. brevicomis and I. pini entry into tree materials was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acoustic treatments significantly influenced whether beetles entered pine logs in the laboratory. Playback of artificial sounds reduced D. brevicomis entry into logs, and playback of stress call sounds reduced D. frontalis entry into logs. Sound treatments had no effect on I. pini entry into logs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction in bark beetle entry into logs using particular acoustic treatments indicates that sound could be used as a viable management tool.
authors.affiliation: School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Aflitto
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D041604:Pinus ponderosa; D048889:Weevils / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Dendroctonus; Ips; acoustic; management; southern pine beetle; western pine beetle