title: Navicular stress fractures treated with minimally invasive fixation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress fractures of the naviculum bone are uncommon injuries occurring predominantly in athletes. These fractures are usually treated nonoperatively with a nonweight bearing cast for a minimum of 6 weeks followed by rehabilitation. Further, there is a paucity of literature on the long term clinical followup of these patients. These fractures do not heal predictably with conservative management, which does not inspire great compliance and their clinical outcome is variable. We report on the outcome of these fractures following early operative intervention by minimally invasive fixation and early weight bearing and rehabilitation. We propose that this is reliable and a successful treatment regimen and its role as the definitive management of this clinical problem should be explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine athletes with ten stress fractures of the navicular treated at our institution between April 1991 and October 2000. The mean age of the patients was 22.8 years (range 18-50 years). All patients were treated by minimally invasive screw fixation and early weight bearing mobilization without a cast. The average followup was 7 years (range 2-11 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the nine patients returned to their pre-fracture level of sporting activity at an average of 5 months (range 3-9 months). One patient returned to full sporting activity following a delay of 2 years due to an associated tibial stress fracture and one patient had an unsatisfactory result. Long term review at an average of 7 years showed that six of these eight patients who returned to sports remained symptom free with two patients experiencing minimal intermittent discomfort after prolonged activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend percutaneous screw fixation as a reliable, low morbidity procedure allowing early return to full sporting activity without long term complications or recurrences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Korula Mani
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.affiliation: Consultant Lower Limb Arthroscopy and Arthroplasty Surgeon, SPORTSMED. SA, Stepney, South Africa.
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Paterson
keywords: Minimally invasive surgery; naviculum; stress fracture