title: MRI information for commonly used otologic implants: review and update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) issues for commonly used otologic implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Manufacturing companies, National Library of Medicine's online database, and an additional online database (www.MRIsafety.com).
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review of the National Library of Medicine's online database with focus on MRI issues for otologic implants was performed. The MRI information on implants provided by manufacturers was reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baha and Ponto Pro osseointegrated implants' abutment and fixture and the implanted magnet of the Sophono Alpha 1 and 2 abutment-free systems are approved for 3-Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) systems. The external processors of these devices are MR Unsafe. Of the implants tested, middle ear ossicular prostheses, including stapes prostheses, except for the 1987 McGee prosthesis, are MR Conditional for 1.5-Tesla (and many are approved for 3-Tesla) MR systems. Cochlear implants with removable magnets are approved for patients undergoing MRI at 1.5 Tesla after magnet removal. The MED-EL PULSAR, SONATA, CONCERT, and CONCERT PIN cochlear implants can be used in patients undergoing MRI at 1.5 Tesla with application of a protective bandage. The MED-EL COMBI 40+ can be used in 0.2-Tesla MR systems. Implants made from nonmagnetic and nonconducting materials are MR Safe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of MRI guidelines for commonly used otologic implants is important. Guidelines on MRI issues approved by the US Food and Drug Administration are not always the same compared with other parts of the world.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This monograph provides a current reference for physicians on MRI issues for commonly used otologic implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azadarmaki
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Shellock
mesh_terms: D038262:Auditory Brain Stem Implants; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
keywords: Baha; MRI safety; Ponto Pro; Sophono; Vibrant Soundbridge; cochlear implants; endolymphatic shunts; middle ear implantable hearing device; middle ear prosthesis; osseointegrated cochlear simulators; otologic implants; stapes prosthesis