title: The Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Molecular Markers of Cholesterol Homeostasis in THP-1 Macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophages derived foam cells are key factors in the maladaptive immune and inflammatory response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study of the cholesterol homeostasis and the molecular factor involved in these cells is very important in understanding the process of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms that prevent its occurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This experimental study investigated the effects of c9, t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (c9, t11-CLA). Alpha Linolenic Acid (LA), and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the PPARα and ACAT1 mRNA expression by Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of CLA, LA, EPA, and synthetic ligands did not prevent increasing the cellular total cholesterol (TC). Free cholesterol (FC) is increased by Sandoz58-035 (P = 0.024) and decreased by fatty acids and Wy14643 (Pirinixic acid) (P = 0.035). The pattern of distribution of %EC is similar to the EC pattern distribution. The ACAT1 mRNA expression was significantly increased by EPA (P = 0.009), but c9, t11- CLA, LA, Wy14643, and Sandoz58-035 had no significant effect on the mRNA level of ACAT1 expression compared to DMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison to the control of Wy14643, Sandoz58-035, c9 and t11-CLA, EPA increased the PPARα mRNA levels (P = 0.024, P = 0.041, P = 0.043, and P = 0.004, respectively), even though, LA had no significant effect on the PPARα mRNA expression (P = 0.489).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations in the chemical structure of fatty acids can affect their physiological function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zavar Reza
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical, Yazd, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nahangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mansouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojarrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Valiasr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikzamir
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mir Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yekaninejad
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Macrophages; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Receptors, Oxidized LDL