title: Genetic variations of α -methylacyl-CoA racemase are associated with sporadic prostate cancer risk in ethnically homogenous Koreans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess if the variants of (R)-alpha-methyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) gene would be associated with the risk of sporadic prostate cancer in ethnically homogenous Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 194 patients with prostate cancer and 169 healthy controls. A total of 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the AMACR gene were selected. The distribution of each genotype and haplotype was analyzed and their association with the incidence of prostate cancer was evaluated. Further, we detected AMACR expression in tumor with immunohistochemistry and analyzed its association with genotype regarding prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AG or GG genotype of rs2278008 (E277K) tended to lower prostate cancer risk. The minor G allele was found to be a significant allele that decreased the risk of prostate cancer (adjusted OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.93, P value = 0.025). In patients expression AMACR, AG or GG genotype was also significant genotype in terms of prostate cancer risk (adjusted OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26-0.87, P value = 0.017). Further, [GGCGG] haplotype consisted of five coding SNPs of rs2278008, rs34677, rs2287939, rs10941112, and rs3195676 which decreased the risk of prostate cancer (P value = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic variations of AMACR are associated with the risk of sporadic prostate cancer that underwent radical prostatectomy in Koreans.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Cancer Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyekyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Weon Seo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genomics Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genomics Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genomics Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungyoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea ; Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeongseon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genomics Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Su
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019998:Racemases and Epimerases; C108352:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase