title: Mean postprandial triglyceride concentration is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. However, the postprandial triglyceride (PTG) concentration fluctuates markedly and is poorly reproducible. The aim of this study was to determine whether the mean PTG (mean-PTG) concentration is a risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the fasting and postprandial lipid concentrations, and the maximum intima-media thickness (max IMT) of carotid arteries by ultrasound in 115 diabetic patients. A carotid plaque was defined as max IMT of >1.0mm. The mean-PTG concentration was calculated from several PTG concentrations measured on different days during a 1-year follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTG concentrations showed marked intra-individual variability, and ranged from 0.29 to 6.03 mmol/l. Patients with carotid plaques had higher mean-PTG concentrations than those without carotid plaques (1.51 ± 0.57 vs. 1.29 ± 0.47 mmol/l, p=0.025). Neither fasting triglycerides nor one-point PTG concentrations differed between the two groups. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean-PTG concentration was significantly associated with carotid plaques [OR 1.20 (95% CI, 1.05-1.37), p=0.009], even after adjusting for traditional risk factors including HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, age, hypertension, and duration of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean-PTG concentration is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idei
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Electronic address: sthiraya@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Naotake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miida
mesh_terms: D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Carotid atherosclerosis; Diabetic dyslipidemia; Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia