title: PGK1 as predictor of CXCR4 expression, bone marrow metastases and survival in neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A close relationship between phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and the CXCR4/SDF1 axis (chemokine receptor 4/stromal cell derived factor 1) has been shown for several cancers. However, the role of PGK1 has not been investigated for neuroblastoma, and PGK1 might be a therapeutic target for this tumor entity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of PGK1 expression in neuroblastoma patients, to determine the impact of PGK1 expression levels on survival, and to correlate PGK1 expression with CXCR4 expression and bone marrow dissemination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from 22 patients with neuroblastoma that were surgically treated at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf were evaluated for expression of PGK1 and CXCR4 using immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with clinical parameters, metastases and outcome of patients. Immunocytochemistry, proliferation and expression analysis of CXCR4 and PGK1 were performed in neuroblastoma cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGK1 is expressed in neuroblastoma cells. PGK1 expression is significantly positively correlated with CXCR4 expression and tumor dissemination to the bone marrow. Moreover the expression of PGK1 is significantly associated with a negative impact on survival in patients with neuroblastoma. PGK1 is downregulated by inhibition of CXCR4 in neuroblastoma cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGK1 appears to play an important role for neuroblastoma, predicting survival and tumor dissemination. Further in vivo studies outstanding, it is a candidate target for novel therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf/Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ameis
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drenckhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von Loga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Escherich
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf/Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wenke
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Izbicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf/Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reinshagen
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C577282:PGK1 protein, human; D010735:Phosphoglycerate Kinase