title: [Analysis of pathogen spectrum of Encephalitis/Meningitis in northwestern area of China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To learn the characteristics of pathogen spectrum of Encephalitis /Meningitis in northwestern area of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1st 2009 and March 31st 2011, a total of 569 patients with clinical symptoms of Encephalitis/Meningitis were selected from the hospitals in Gansu, Qinghai,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang province. 1514 samples of specimen were collected from the 515 patients, to detect the IgM of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), enterovirus (EV, including Coxsackie virus, ECHO virus and enterovirus 71), Mumps virus, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Meanwhile, Neisseria meningitis (Nm), Haemophilus influenzae Type B (Hib), Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus Suis, E. Coli and Cryptococci were also identified. The detection results were analyzed by different region, time and age range.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathogenic bacteria were identified in the specimen from 16 patients, with the rate at 3.65%, of which the dominant ones were Streptococcus pneumonia (7 patients, 43.75%). Virus were identified in the specimen from 132 patients, with the rate at 27.05%, of which the dominant types were EV and HSV, accounting for 33.33% (44 cases) and 31.82% (42 cases) respectively. The detection rate of virus showed a significant seasonal trend, with the peak appearing between June and November each year. The peak of EV detection was between July and September, with 24 cases detected out; the peak of HSV was between June and August (11 cases detected out); mumps virus was mainly found between July and December (25 cases). There was no significant time-distribution found in the detection of bacteria. The EV and HSV were mainly distributed in Gansu and Qinghai province (70 cases) ;most of mumps virus were found in Gansu province (24 cases);and JEV were only found in Gansu province (20 cases). The viral pathogen spectrum was identified in all ages, and the EV and mumps virus were mainly found in children aged 0-14 years old (42 and 17 cases respectively) ; JEV were identified in people over 15 years old, with 13 detected out of the 20 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main pathogen of acute encephalitis and meningitis in northwestern area of China was virus, and the main pathogens of encephalitis and meningitis in children under 15 years were Herpes simplex virus and Mumps virus.
authors.affiliation: Office for Immunization Programme of Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-shu
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Office for Immunization Programme of Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Xu-xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Office for Immunization Programme of Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: De-shan
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Office for Immunization Programme of Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Jian-xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Office for Immunization Programme of Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Guang-ye
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Office for Immunization Programme of Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Office for Immunization Programme of Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China. Email:lihui9208@163.com.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009109:Mumps virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007075:Immunoglobulin M