title: Evaluation of non-invasive multispectral imaging as a tool for measuring the effect of systemic therapy in Kaposi sarcoma.
abstract: Diffuse multi-spectral imaging has been evaluated as a potential non-invasive marker of tumor response. Multi-spectral images of Kaposi sarcoma skin lesions were taken over the course of treatment, and blood volume and oxygenation concentration maps were obtained through principal component analysis (PCA) of the data. These images were compared with clinical and pathological responses determined by conventional means. We demonstrate that cutaneous lesions have increased blood volume concentration and that changes in this parameter are a reliable indicator of treatment efficacy, differentiating responders and non-responders. Blood volume decreased by at least 20% in all lesions that responded by clinical criteria and increased in the two lesions that did not respond clinically. Responses as assessed by multi-spectral imaging also generally correlated with overall patient clinical response assessment, were often detectable earlier in the course of therapy, and are less subject to observer variability than conventional clinical assessment. Tissue oxygenation was more variable, with lesions often showing decreased oxygenation in the center surrounded by a zone of increased oxygenation. This technique could potentially be a clinically useful supplement to existing response assessment in KS, providing an early, quantitative, and non-invasive marker of treatment effect.
authors.affiliation: Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kainerstorfer
authors.affiliation: HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mark N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Polizzotto
authors.affiliation: HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Uldrick
authors.affiliation: Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Rafa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Moinuddin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Laleh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Najafizadeh
authors.affiliation: Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yasaman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ardeshirpour
authors.affiliation: HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wyvill
authors.affiliation: HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aleman
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Instrumentation and Multiscale Imaging Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yarchoan
authors.affiliation: Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gandjbakhche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen