title: Vertebral bone marrow glucose uptake is inversely associated with bone marrow fat in diabetic and healthy pigs: [(18)F]FDG-PET and MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes induces osteoporosis and during osteoporosis, vertebral bone marrow (VBM) adipose tissue amount increases. The association between this adiposity and bone marrow metabolism is unclear. Here, we compared VBM glucose metabolism and fat content in healthy and diabetic pigs, in vivo, using positron emission tomography (PET), in-phase and out-of-phase magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy ((1)H MR spectroscopy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven pigs (n=11) were used. The intervention group had five diabetic and the control group had six healthy pigs. To measure metabolism, PET-imaging with [(18)F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) intravenous tracer was used. 1.5-T MRI with (1)H spectroscopy, in-phase and out-of-phase imaging and chemical TAG analysis of the VBM were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant inverse correlation between VBM glucose uptake (GU) and VBM fat content (R=-0.800, p<0.01) and TAG concentration assay (R=-0.846, p<0.05). There was a trend, although non-significant, of a linear correlation between VBM (1)H MR spectroscopy and TAG concentration (R=0.661) and (1)H MR spectroscopy and in-phase and out-of-phase MR imaging (R=0.635).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VBM glucose metabolism coupled with VBM fat content may impact diabetic induced osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huovinen
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Virva
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saunavaara
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Riku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Miikka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarkia
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linderborg
authors.affiliation: Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuomikoski
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Robert Marcel
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Badeau
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knuuti
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutila
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, PL 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: riitta.parkkola@pshp.fi.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parkkola
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013131:Spine / Q000378:metabolism; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Bone marrow; Diabetes; Metabolism; Osteoporosis; Spectroscopy