title: Anaphylaxis treatment: ergonomics of epinephrine autoinjector design.
abstract: Epinephrine administration is a critical component of individualized emergency action plans for patients at risk for anaphylaxis. Fundamental ergonomic principles can be used to facilitate rapid and effective use of an epinephrine autoinjector when appropriate. Specific patient characteristics, including age and strength, that impact physical and cognitive capabilities, should be considered when choosing an epinephrine autoinjector. Considerations in the optimal functioning of an autoinjector include the device being portable, identifiable, safe, and effective. Size, shape, coloring, and labeling of the device all contribute to the device being portable and identifiable. Trigger-lock features, designs resistant to physical perturbations, and safety technology to prevent injury after use contribute to safety and reliability. Optimal grip designs, tailored in size and/or shape to specific patient types, contribute to reliability and effectiveness. After selection of the most appropriate autoinjector, hands-on training, practice, and drills should be implemented.
authors.affiliation: Northeastern University, Boston, Mass; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. Electronic address: j.dennerlein@neu.edu.
authors.forename: Jack T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dennerlein
mesh_terms: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012646:Self Administration / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Allergy; Anaphylaxis; Autoinjector design; Emergency action plan; Epinephrine; Ergonomics; Grip design