title: Patterning and growth control by membrane-tethered Wingless.
abstract: Wnts are evolutionarily conserved secreted signalling proteins that, in various developmental contexts, spread from their site of synthesis to form a gradient and activate target-gene expression at a distance. However, the requirement for Wnts to spread has never been directly tested. Here we used genome engineering to replace the endogenous wingless gene, which encodes the main Drosophila Wnt, with one that expresses a membrane-tethered form of the protein. Surprisingly, the resulting flies were viable and produced normally patterned appendages of nearly the right size, albeit with a delay. We show that, in the prospective wing, prolonged wingless transcription followed by memory of earlier signalling allows persistent expression of relevant target genes. We suggest therefore that the spread of Wingless is dispensable for patterning and growth even though it probably contributes to increasing cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: 1] MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK [2].
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.affiliation: 1] MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK [2].
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baena-Lopez
authors.affiliation: MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D009154:Mutation; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; C074622:wg protein, Drosophila