title: Lack of KRAS gene mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The single most common proto-oncogene change in human neoplasms is a point mutation in RAS genes. A wide range of variation in frequency of KRAS mutations has been seen in hematologic malignancies. Despite this, RAS roles in leukemogenesis remain unclear. The frequency of KRAS mutations in CML has been reported to be between zero an 10%. Many attempts have been done to develop an anti-RAS drug as a therapeutic target. .
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross sectional study was performed in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran from 2010-2012. In 78 CML patients (diagnosed according to WHO 2008 criteria) in chronic or accelerated phases, KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 were analyzed using a modified PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not detect any KRAS mutations in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KRAS mutations are overall rare in early phase CML and might be secondary events happening late in leukemogenesis cooperating with initial genetic lesions.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Department, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran E-mail : keramatimr@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mahdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kooshyar
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ayatollahi
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Keramati
authors.forename: Mohammad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sadeghian
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miri
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikhi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011379:Prognosis; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D055815:Young Adult; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C117307:KRAS protein, human; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018631:ras Proteins