title: Digestibility by growing pigs of amino acids in heat-damaged sunflower meal and cottonseed meal.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of heat damage, achieved by autoclaving, on the nutritional composition and on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in sunflower meal (SFM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) fed to growing pigs. The second objective was to establish a relationship between the concentration of SID AA in SFM and CSM and the concentration of fiber components, reducing sugars, and AA. In Exp. 1, 10 growing pigs (initial BW: 23.1 ± 1.3 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods in each square. A common source of SFM was separated into 4 batches that were either not autoclaved or autoclaved at 130°C for 20, 40, or 60 min. Four diets (approximately 14.5% CP) that contained each of the 4 batches of SFM were formulated, and SFM was the only source of CP and AA in the diets. A N-free diet that was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA from pigs was also formulated. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diets followed by 2 d of ileal digesta collection. The SID of Lys in SFM was reduced (linear, P < 0.05) from 83.2% in nonautoclaved SFM to 63.5% in SFM autoclaved for 60 min at 130°C. The concentrations of total Lys and reducing sugars in SFM may be used as predictors (R(2) = 0.85) of the concentration of SID Lys in SFM. In Exp. 2, 10 growing pigs (initial BW: 35.0 ± 1.5 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods in each square. A source of CSM was separated into 4 batches that were either not autoclaved or autoclaved at 130°C for 15, 35, or 60 min. Four diets (approximately 13.4% CP) containing CSM as the only source of CP and AA were formulated. A N-free diet was also formulated and used as described for Exp. 1. The SID of Lys in nonautoclaved CSM (66.2%) was greater (P < 0.05) than in autoclaved (60 min at 130°C) CSM (54.1%). The equation (R(2) = 0.68) that best predicted the concentration of SID Lys in CSM included the concentration of ADIN. In conclusion, heat damage reduces the SID of AA in SFM and CSM. For SFM, the concentration of SID Lys may be predicted from the concentrations of total Lys and reducing sugars. The concentration of ADIN may be used to predict the concentration of SID Lys in CSM.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: F N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Htoo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D003369:Cottonseed Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003369:Cottonseed Oil