title: Cytotoxicity of lidocaine to human corneal endothelial cells in vitro.
abstract: Lidocaine has been reported to induce apoptosis on rabbit corneal endothelial cells. However, the apoptotic effect and exact mechanism involved in cytotoxicity of lidocaine are not well-established in human corneal endothelial (HCE) cells. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis-inducing effect of lidocaine on HCE cells in vitro. After HCE cells were treated with lidocaine at concentrations of 0.15625-10.0 g/l, the morphology and ultrastructure of the cells were observed by inverted light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic ratio was evaluated with flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopic counting after FITC-Annexin V/PI and AO/EB staining. DNA fragmentation was detected by electrophoresis, and the activation of caspases was evaluated by ELISA. In addition, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by JC-1 staining. Results suggest that lidocaine above 1.25 g/l reduced cellular viability and triggered apoptosis in HCE cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Diminishment of ΔΨm and the activation of caspases indicate that lidocaine-induced apoptosis was caspase dependent and may be related to mitochondrial pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Ze
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yi-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rui-Xin
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Miao-Miao
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ting-Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; C068624:5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine; D008012:Lidocaine