title: Hydroalcoholic extract of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) and its hydrolysate inhibit melanogenesis in B16F0 cells by regulating the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway.
abstract: We investigated the effects of an aqueous alcohol extract of Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea) and its hydrolysate on melanin synthesis and the mechanisms mediating the activity. The ratio of tyrosol to salidroside was 2.3 in hydroalcoholic extract, and 51.0 in hydrolysate. We found that R. rosea extract and its hydrolysate inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in mouse melanoma cells (B16F0 cells). R. rosea extract also inhibited gene and protein expression of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and inhibited c-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, suppressed the activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), and inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1). R. rosea hydrolysate inhibited the phosphorylation of CREB, the activation of AKT and GSK3β, and the expression of MITF and tyrosinase. Our results suggest that R. rosea extract is a novel tyrosinase inhibitor and that it exerts its effects by regulating the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway in B16F0. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of R. rosea extract as a skin whitening agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Electronic address: hmchiang@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yin-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Hsi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan. Electronic address: kcwen0520@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Kuo-Ching
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D029627:Crassulaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C492004:Creb1 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D008543:Melanins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; C497235:Mitf protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase
keywords: CREB; GSK3β; MC1R; Melanin; Rhodiola rosea; Tyrosinase