title: Trauma-informed treatment decreases posttraumatic stress disorder among women offenders.
abstract: Traumatic experiences among women offenders can impact their psychological well-being and patterns of substance use and offending. However, rigorous research in this area for women offenders with a history of trauma is sparse. This study combined data from 2 previous studies of women offenders in order to provide greater statistical power in examining the psychological trends found in the individual studies. Specifically, women in gender-responsive treatment (GRT; n = 135) were compared to women in non-GRT (n = 142) in regard to their change in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related symptomatology from baseline to follow-up. The pooled sample of women were predominantly White (58%) or Hispanic (22%), and many had never been married (47%); their mean age was 36 years (SD = 8.9), and, on average, they had 12 years (SD = 1.8) of education. Methamphetamine was their primary drug (71%). Moreover, 55% of the women reported histories of sexual abuse and 37% physical abuse. Finally, 31% had a diagnosis of PTSD. Using generalized estimation equations, we detected significant Group × Time interactions in PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.17) and some related symptomatology (reexperiencing: OR = 0.42; and avoidance: OR = 0.24). Given the aggregate impact of trauma in the lives of women offenders, these women, their families, and their communities could benefit from research on how trauma influences their lives and on services that mitigate the negative impact of such histories.
authors.affiliation: a UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs , Los Angeles , California , USA.
authors.forename: Nena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braithwaite
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008694:Methamphetamine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012114:Residential Treatment; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine