title: Normoxic polymer gel dosimetry using less toxic monomer of N-isopropyl acrylamide and X-ray computed tomography for radiation therapy applications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymer gel dosimetry has been used extensively in radiation therapy for its capability in depicting a three dimensional view of absorbed dose distribution. However, more studies are required to find less toxic and more efficient polymers for application in radiotherapy dosimetry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to evaluate the N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) gel dosimetric characteristics and optimize the protocol for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging of gel dosimeters for radiation therapy application.
  
  
  METHODS
  A polymer gel dosimeter based on NIPAM monomer was prepared and irradiated with (60)Co photons. The CT number changes following irradiation were extracted from CT images obtained with different sets of imaging parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed the dose sensitivity of ΔN CT (H) = 0.282 ± 0.018 (H Gy(-1)) for NIPAM gel dosimeter. The optimized set of imaging exposure parameters was 120 kVp and 200 mA with the 10 mm slice thickness. Results of the depth dose measurement with gel dosimeter showed a great discrepancy with the actual depth dose data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the current study, NIPAM-based gel dosimetry with X-ray CT imaging needs more technical development and formulation refinement to be used for radiation therapy application.
authors.affiliation: Radiology department, Paramedical school, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed-Mostafa
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ghavami
authors.affiliation: Medical physics department, Medical school, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mesbahi
authors.affiliation: Radiology department, Paramedical school, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ismaeel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pesianian
authors.affiliation: Radiology department, Paramedical school, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafaee
authors.affiliation: Immunology department, Medical school, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aliparasti
keywords: Polymer gel dosimetry; Radiation therapy; X-ray computed tomography