title: Perioperative respiratory complications in cleft lip and palate repairs: An audit of 1000 cases under 'Smile Train Project'.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anaesthesia for cleft surgery in children is associated with a variety of airway related problems. This study aims to review the frequency of associated anomalies and other conditions as well as perioperative respiratory complications during the cleft lip/palate repair surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  An audit of 1000 cleft surgeries in children enrolled under "Smile Train" is presented. Following informed consent, general anaesthesia was induced with endotracheal (ET) intubation using halothane in O2 and/or intravenous thiopentone 5 mg/kg or propofol 1.5 mg/kg, suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg or rocuronium 0.8 mg/kg and maintained with halothane/isoflurane 0.4-1% in 50% N2O in O2 with rocuronium. The observational data regarding the occurrence of perioperative complications in 1000 cleft surgeries are mentioned as mean (standard deviation), number and percentage as appropriate. 'Two sample t-test between percentage' is applied for significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of isolated cleft lip was 263 (36.4%), cleft palate 183 (25.3%) and combined defect 277 (38.3%) of the operated cases. Other congenital anomalies were present in 21 (2.8%) of the children. The intraoperative airway complications occurred in 13 (2.4%) of cleft lip and 40 (8.7%) of cleft palate repairs (P < 0.05). Post-operative respiratory complications were observed in 9 (1.7%) and 34 (7.4%) patients of cleft lip and palate repairs respectively (P < 0.05). Mortality occurred post-operatively in 2 (0.2%) of cleft repairs (n = 1000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cleft deformities in children when associated with other congenital anomalies or respiratory problems pre-dispose them to difficult airway and pulmonary complications. Frequency of perioperative respiratory complications were significantly higher with cleft palate repair than with cleft lip repair. Anaesthetic expertise, optimum monitoring facility and specialised post-operative care is necessary to decrease the morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lotus Hospital and Research Center, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Kalpana R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lotus Hospital and Research Center, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Mohan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lotus Hospital and Research Center, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Abasaheb M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shirke
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lotus Hospital and Research Center, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shivaji B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jadhav
keywords: Anaesthesia; cleft deformities; respiratory complications