title: [Anti-emetic effect of granisetron in patients undergoing cranial and craniospinal radiotherapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 30-59% of patients undergoing cranial or craniospinal radiotherapy experience nausea and/or vomiting. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of granisetron for controlling emesis in patients treated with cranial or craniospinal radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2011 and January 2013, 34 patients(19 males, 15 females;age range, 3-80 years)received cranial or craniospinal radiotherapy at our department. All but one male patient, who developed meningitis during the irradiation period were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients who experienced irradiation-induced vomiting(grade 1)or nausea(grade 2)were treated with granisetron as a rescue anti-emetic. Episodes were graded as(1)no vomiting, no nausea, no anti-emetic;(2)no vomiting, nausea, no anti-emetic;(3)no vomiting, nausea with anti-emetic;and(4)vomiting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 9 patients who underwent whole-brain or whole neural-axis irradiation, 5(55.6%)experienced grade 2 nausea or vomiting. Two of 6 patients(33.3%)treated with whole ventricle irradiation experienced grade 2 nausea or vomiting. Three of 18 patients(16.7%)who underwent local-field irradiation experienced grade 2 nausea or vomiting. Patients who underwent wide-field irradiation experienced nausea, vomiting, and anorexia(p<0.05). Complete response(no vomiting, no additional rescue anti-emetic, and no nausea)was observed in 5 of 9 patients treated with granisetron. Four of 9 patients(44.4%)treated with granisetron experienced constipation(grade 1 or 2);its administration had no major adverse effects in our study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rescue therapy with granisetron is safe and effective to treat nausea and vomiting in patients subjected to cranial or craniospinal irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.
authors.forename: Fumiyuki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nosaka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenjo
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayasu
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurisu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017829:Granisetron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009423:Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017829:Granisetron