title: Present and future of anti-ageing epigenetic diets.
abstract: The rapid technological advancements achieved in the last years have boosted the progressive identification of age-associated epigenetic changes. These studies not only contribute to shed light on the molecular basis of ageing and age-related diseases but, given the plasticity of epigenetic modifications, also provide the basis for anti-ageing interventions to counteract the onset of age-related diseases. In this review we will discuss nutritional interventions as a promising approach that can positively counteract epigenetic changes associated with ageing and promote the health for the elderly. First, we will give an overview of age-associated epigenetic signatures, focusing on DNA methylation. Then, we will report recent evidences regarding the epigenetic changes induced by nutritional interventions in the adulthood (referred as "epigenetic diets"), such as (i) caloric/dietary restriction, (ii) diet supplementation with nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and (iii) diet supplementation with bioactive food components. Attention will be drawn on the limits of current studies and the need of proper human models, such as those provided by the ongoing European project NU-AGE. Finally, we will discuss the potential impact of epigenetic diets on inflammaging and age-related diseases, focusing on cardiovascular disease, highlighting the involvement of epigenetic modifications other than DNA methylation, such as microRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Giulia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bacalini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi," P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friso
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, I.N.R.C.A. National Institute, Via Birarelli n. 8, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirazzini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGEA), Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capri
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.garagnani2@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garagnani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005060:Europe; D005502:Food; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D052756:Nutritional Sciences; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Ageing; DNA methylation; Inflammaging; Nutrition; microRNAs