title: Bioactivity of zinc-doped dental adhesives.
abstract: Design of restorative materials should be focused on promoting not only adhesion but also dentine self-repair processes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain if ZnO and ZnCl2-doped resins are materials able to induce calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) deposition.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 resin disks were prepared with the following materials: (1) single bond -3M/ESPE-, (2) single bond+ZnO particles 20wt% and (3) single bond+ZnCl2 2wt%. Specimens were polymerised and polished. Bioactivity was tested through a simulated body fluid solution (SBFS) immersion test. At time 24h, 7 d and 21 d surfaces were analyzed by stereomicroscope, high resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), energy-dispersive analysis (EDX), confocal laser Raman, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for morphological and chemical composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the stereomicroscope, crystal formations were encountered in both zinc-doped resin adhesives after 7 d of immersion. It was, detected by EDX, that the ZnO-doped resin produced Zn, Ca and P deposition (globular formations were observed by HRSEM) after 7 d. Zn and P crystals were detected by HRSEM and EDX in the experimental ZnCl2-doped resin after 7 d and 21 d. Hopeite formation was identified by Raman on both Zn-doped resins. Single bond did not produce mineral or crystal precipitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ZnO-doped resin induced Ca and P deposition after SBFS immersion. On ZnCl2-doped resin hopeite formation was detected, if this hopeite may be further converted into apatite, after SBFS immersion, remains to be ascertained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bonding with ZnO-doped resin may facilitate incorporation of Ca and P at the interfacial bonding zone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Electronic address: rosorio@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D003461:Crystallography; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002712:Chlorides; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D010710:Phosphates; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C115612:single bond; C043952:zinc phosphate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C016837:zinc chloride; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Bioactivity; Calcium phosphate; Resin; Zinc