title: Psychometric properties of the Swedish childbirth self-efficacy inventory (Swe-CBSEI).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has reported that women who are admitted to delivery wards in early labour process before an active stage of labour has started run an increased risk of instrumental deliveries. Therefore, it is essential to focus on factors such as self-efficacy that can enhance a woman's own ability to cope with the first stage of labour. However, there was no Swedish instrument measuring childbirth self-efficacy available. Thus, the aim of the study was to translate the Childbirth Self-efficacy Inventory and to psychometrically test the Swedish version on first- time mothers within the Swedish culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method included a forward-backward translation with face and content validity. The psychometric properties were evaluated using a Principal Component Analysis and by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and inter-item correlations. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used to describe and compare the scales. All data were collected from January 2011 to June 2012, from 406 pregnant women during the gestational week 35-42.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Swedish version of the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory indicated good reliability and the Principal Component Analysis showed a three-component structure. The Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test indicated that the women could differentiate between the concepts outcome expectancy and self-efficacy expectancy and between the two labour stages, active stage and the second stage of labour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Swedish version of Childbirth Self-efficacy Inventory is a reliable and valid instrument. The inventory can act as a tool to identify those women who need extra support and to evaluate the efforts of improving women's self-efficacy during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's health at Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ing-marie.carlsson@hh.se.
authors.forename: Ing-Marie
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziegert
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nissen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007747:Labor Stage, First / Q000523:psychology*; D007748:Labor Stage, Second / Q000523:psychology*; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult