title: New anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents: a primer for the clinical gastroenterologist.
abstract: The discovery of the first oral anticoagulant, warfarin, was a milestone in anticoagulation. Warfarin's well-known limitations, however, have led to the recent development of more effective anticoagulants. The rapidly growing list of these drugs, however, presents a challenge to endoscopists who must treat patients on these sundry medications. This review is intended to summarize the pharmacological highlights of new anticoagulants, with particular attention to suggested "best-practice" recommendations for the withholding of these drugs before endoscopic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Parth J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merrell
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.affiliation: 1] Sentara Cardiology Specialists, Norfolk, Virginia, USA [2] Cardiology Division, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brush
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Division, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D061214:Patient Safety; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D020379:Risk Adjustment; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D028761:Withholding Treatment
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors