title: Follicular adenomas exhibit a unique metabolic profile. ¹H NMR studies of thyroid lesions.
abstract: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, more than 90% of thyroid nodules are benign. It remains unclear whether thyroid carcinoma arises from preexisting benign nodules. Metabolomics can provide valuable and comprehensive information about low molecular weight compounds present in living systems and further our understanding of the biology regulating pathological processes. Herein, we applied ¹H NMR-based metabolic profiling to identify the metabolites present in aqueous tissue extracts of healthy thyroid tissue (H), non-neoplastic nodules (NN), follicular adenomas (FA) and malignant thyroid cancer (TC) as an alternative way of investigating cancer lesions. Multivariate statistical methods provided clear discrimination not only between healthy thyroid tissue and pathological thyroid tissue but also between different types of thyroid lesions. Potential biomarkers common to all thyroid lesions were identified, namely, alanine, methionine, acetone, glutamate, glycine, lactate, tyrosine, phenylalanine and hypoxanthine. Metabolic changes in thyroid cancer were mainly related to osmotic regulators (taurine and scyllo- and myo-inositol), citrate, and amino acids supplying the TCA cycle. Thyroid follicular adenomas were found to display metabolic features of benign non-neoplastic nodules and simultaneously displayed a partial metabolic profile associated with malignancy. This finding allows the discrimination of follicular adenomas from benign non-neoplastic nodules and thyroid cancer with similar accuracy. Moreover, the presented data indicate that follicular adenoma could be an individual stage of thyroid cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Opole, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deja
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dawiskiba
authors.affiliation: First Department and Clinic of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrinological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Balcerzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
authors.affiliation: First Department and Clinic of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrinological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Głód
authors.affiliation: First Department and Clinic of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrinological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawełka
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Młynarz
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor