title: Agreement between Clinicians in Determining the Root Canal System in Radiographic Images.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studying certain features of the root canal system in single root premolars. A secondary aim was to assess inter examiner agreement for these features using radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight recently extracted single rooted premolars were included in this study. Two standard periapical radiographs were taken from buccolingual and 20° direction. The specimens were then decoronated, demineralized in 10% hydrochloric acid for 24 hours and then were cleared using methylsalicylate. The cleared teeth were examined using a magnifier (x10) and data relating to number of roots, canals, apical foramina and their positions were collected. The radiographs were examined by two independent trained endodontists using an X-ray viewer and the magnifying lens for same studied features using the clearing technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa values for the agreement between the clearing technique and two examiners for the number of canals in standard radiographs were κ = 0.07, κ = 0.26 and in angulated radiographs were κ = 0.84, κ = 0.39 and κ = 0.31; for number of apical foramen were κ = 0.66, κ = 0.50, and κ = 0.19 and for detection the number of roots were %84 and %92 for examiner 1 and %92 and %88 for examiner 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, the kappa values were low to moderate for all comparisons. It is concluded that agreement between either radiographic examiners and clearing technique were poor to moderate indicating the limited value of radiographs alone at the time of studying certain aspects of the root canal system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vatanpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirazian
keywords: Clearing Technique; Radiography; Root Canal Anatomy