title: Psychological screening in children with diabetes mellitus type-I at the children's hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of psychological problems in diabetic children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetic clinic of the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, from March to December 2011. Diabetic patients aged 7-15 years, who were on insulin therapy for at least one year were included in the study. Demographic data, history and physical examination were recorded. Glycosylated haemoglobin level was checked in all cases, and the Childhood Depression Inventory was used to assess the psychological well-being of the children. A minimum score of 13/54 was used to screen for depression. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 86 diabetic children, clinical depression was observed in 29 (33.7%). Poor socioeconomic status (21/29; 72.4%), longstanding disease (16/29; 55.1%) and adolescence age (20/29; 69%) were the major factors associated with depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is a commonly associated psychological disorder in diabetic children, and should be addressed along with medical and dietary management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Children Hospital, Pakistan. drwaqas69@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Waqas Imran
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Children Hospital, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Waqar
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Rabbani
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Children Hospital, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Erum
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Children Hospital, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mudasser
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adnan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors