title: Effects of bayberry juice on inflammatory and apoptotic markers in young adults with features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Bayberries contain high levels of polyphenols that possess antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the consumption of bayberry juice beneficially alters the levels of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers in young individuals with features of NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 44 participants (ages 18-25 y) were given 250 mL of either bayberry juice or placebo twice daily for 4 wk. Several anthropometric characteristics were measured, and fasting blood samples were drawn before and after each intervention period. The levels of plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, and some NAFLD-related biomarkers were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant effects on the anthropometric parameters and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance were observed. Compared with placebo, the consumption of bayberry juice significantly decreased the plasma levels of protein carbonyl groups (P = 0.038), tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001), and interleukin-8 (P = 0.022). The apoptosis markers analysis revealed significant differences between the treatment and the placebo in the levels of tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (P < 0.001) and cytokeratin-18 fragment M30 (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of bayberry juice for a period of 4 wk can protect against NAFLD in young adults by improving the plasma antioxidant status and inhibiting the inflammatory and apoptotic responses that are involved in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Henry Fok School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China. Electronic address: guohh1999@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Honghui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Henry Fok School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
authors.forename: Ruimin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Henry Fok School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
authors.forename: Yongji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xinwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xilan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: xiamin@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001628:Beverages; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D031641:Myrica / Q000737:chemistry*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Apoptosis; Bayberry; Inflammation; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Oxidative stress