title: ROS-responsive activatable photosensitizing agent for imaging and photodynamic therapy of activated macrophages.
abstract: The optical properties of macrophage-targeted theranostic nanoparticles (MacTNP) prepared from a Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage cells. MacTNP are nonfluorescent and nonphototoxic in their native state. However, when treated with ROS, especially peroxynitrite, they become highly fluorescent and phototoxic. In vitro cell studies show that MacTNP emit near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence inside activated macrophages. The NIR fluorescence is quenched in the extracellular environment. MacTNP are nontoxic in macrophages up to a Ce6 concentration of 10 μM in the absence of light. However, MacTNP become phototoxic upon illumination in a light dose-dependent manner. In particular, significantly higher phototoxic effect is observed in the activated macrophage cells compared to human dermal fibroblasts and non-activated macrophages. The ROS-responsive MacTNP, with their high target-to-background ratio, may have a significant potential in selective NIR fluorescence imaging and in subsequent photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis with minimum side effects.
authors.affiliation: 1. Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Hyunjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 2. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 448-701, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Youngmi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1. Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: In-Hoo
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3. Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungtae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1. Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea;
authors.forename: Yongdoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D002735:Chlorophyllides; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; C062985:phytochlorin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Reactive oxygen species; activatable; macrophage; photodynamic therapy.; theranostics