title: Development of a Maltese version of oral health-associated questionnaires: OHIP-14, GOHAI, and the Denture Satisfaction Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show the reliability of the Maltese translations of OHIP-14, GOHAI, and the Denture Satisfaction Questionnaire, define the reliability of the responses, and determine the correlation between OHIP-14 and GOHAI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The items of the three questionnaires (OHIP-14, GOHAI, and Denture Satisfaction) were translated into Maltese and back into English to compare with the original version. Specific sampling of a population well versed in Maltese and English was carried out to obtain a sample of respondents for each questionnaire. Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires: first administering the Maltese version and following with the English version 1 week later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participation rates were high (98%). Cronbach's alpha for all three questionnaires was high (> 0.7), indicating satisfactory test-retest reliability of the instruments. Similarly, the Spearman correlation coefficients for both the English and Maltese versions of OHIP-14 and GOHAI were good (> 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Maltese versions of OHIP-14, GOHAI, and the Denture Satisfaction Questionnaire can be safely used as a valid alternative to the English versions in studies of patients who are limited in linguistic proficiency.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.forename: Liberato
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Attard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003824:Denture, Complete / Q000523:psychology; D003829:Denture, Partial / Q000523:psychology; D003778:Dentures / Q000523:psychology; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008319:Malta; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult