title: Visual-spatial working memory performance and temporal gray matter volume predict schizotypal personality disorder group membership.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior work shows individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) evince temporal lobe volume abnormalities similar to schizophrenia but sparing of prefrontal cortex, which may mitigate psychosis and the severe neurocognitive impairments observed in schizophrenia. This study examined the extent to which frontal-temporal gray matter volume and neurocognitive performance predict: (1) SPD group membership in a demographically-balanced sample of 51 patients and 37 healthy controls; and (2) symptom severity in SPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dimensional gray-matter volume (left frontal-temporal regions (Brodmann area (BA) 10, 21, 22)) and neurocognitive performance on key memory tasks (California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Dot Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)), all salient to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were examined in a multi-variable model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Middle temporal gyrus (BA21) volume and spatial-working memory (Dot Test) performance were significant predictors of SPD group membership likelihood, with poorer working-memory performance indicating increased probability of SPD membership. Combining across regional volumes or cognitive measures resulted in fair-to-good discrimination of group membership, but including neurocognitive and non-collinear regional volume measures together resulted in a receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve with improved diagnostic discrimination. Larger BA10 volume in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) significantly predicted less symptom severity in SPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that temporal lobe volume and spatial-working memory performance are promising biological/phenotype markers for likelihood of SPD classification, while greater DLPFC volume may serve as a protective factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States. Electronic address: erin.hazlett@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Erin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Raina V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Lamade
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Fiona S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Jeanine C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kolaitis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Kim E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Outpatient Psychiatry, James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatry, Bronx, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC VISN 3), James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Larry J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Siever
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Godbold
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moshier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CVLT; Diagnostic classification; Dot Test; Neurocognition; PASAT; Prefrontal cortex; Schizotypal; Temporal lobe volume; Working memory