title: Coronally advanced flap with and without connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a comparative short- and long-term controlled randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term root coverage and aesthetic outcomes of the coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone or in combination with a connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with multiple (≥2) adjacent gingival recessions (≥2 mm) in the upper jaw were enrolled. Twenty-five patients were randomly assigned to the control group (CAF), and the other 25 patients to the test group (CAF + CTG). Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 6 months, 1 and 5 years. The aesthetic evaluations were made 1 and 5 years after the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups in terms of Rec Red and complete root coverage (CRC) at 6 months and 1 year. At 5 years, statistically greater recession reduction and probability of CRC, greater increase in buccal KTH and better contour evaluation made by an independent periodontist were observed in the CAF + CTG group. Better post-operative course and better colour match were demonstrated in CAF-treated patients both at 1 and 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAF + CTG provided better CRC at 5 years; keloid formation due to graft exposure was responsible for the worse colour match evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.forename: Ilham
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mounssif
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzotti
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefanini
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzadori
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petracci
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montebugnoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003116:Color; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000601:surgery*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins
keywords: CTG; aesthetics; multiple gingival recessions; root coverage; surgery