title: Exercise increases serum endostatin levels in female and male patients with diabetes and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with atherosclerotic changes in coronary vessels, most notably plaques. The angiostatic parameter endostatin is able to inhibit angiogenesis in tissue as well as in plaques and therefore plays an important role in physiological and pathological neovascularisation. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex-specific differences and the influence of exercise on circulating endostatin levels in patients suffering from diabetes, and control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 42 T2DM-patients and 45 control subjects were investigated. They underwent a graded physical stress test (ergometry). Serum endostatin levels were measured in venous blood at rest and directly after reaching maximum workload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females showed significantly higher endostatin levels at baseline measurements compared to men, independently of their underlying disease. In both female and male T2DM-patients endostatin levels were significantly lower compared to controls. Both groups and sexes showed a significant increase of endostatin after physical stress, whereas the extent of endostatin-increase was between 10.59-15.05%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Middle-aged healthy female individuals as well as female T2DM-patients showed higher circulating serum endostatin levels compared to males, suggesting a hormonal influence on baseline circulating endostatin amounts. Exercise-induced increase in endostatin is also observable in patients suffering from T2DM. Concerning vascularisation, lower endostatin levels in T2DM might be advantageous. Concerning plaque stability, lower levels might be prejudicial.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT01165515.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria. michael.sponder@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sponder
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dangl
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kampf
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fritzer-Szekeres
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strametz-Juranek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D043169:Endostatins / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D043169:Endostatins