title: Comparison of the effectiveness of different immobilization systems in different body regions using daily megavoltage CT in helical tomotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effective immobilization is crucial for the accurate delivery of radiotherapy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the commonly used immobilization systems for different body regions using megavoltage CT (MVCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily treatment set-up data from 212 patients treated by helical tomotherapy (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA) in 6 body regions (52 head and neck, 41 chest, 38 abdomen, 36 pelvis, 18 breast and 27 cranium) were obtained. Based on a verification tool using the pre-treatment MVCT, set-up corrections for each patient were recorded. Mean systematic and random errors of lateral, longitudinal, vertical and roll directions and three-dimensional vectors were compared between immobilization systems of each region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smaller set-up deviations were observed in the Orfit system (Orfit Industries NV, Wijnegem, Belgium) of the head and neck region, while the performance of immobilization systems for the chest, abdomen and pelvis regions was similar. Larger differences were noted in the breast group, where the prone BodyFIX® system (Medical Intelligence, Medizintechnik GmbH, Schwabmünchen, Germany) was less stable than the supine VacLok® system (CIVCO Medical Solutions, Orange City, IA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences were found between the immobilization systems in the head and neck region, in which the Orfit system was relatively more effective, whereas the VacLok and BodyFIX systems performed similarly in the chest, abdomen and pelvis regions. For the breast case, the supine position with VacLok was much more stable than the prone breast technique. The results provided references for the estimation of clinical target volume-planning target volume margins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first article on comprehensive comparisons performed in immobilization systems for main body regions that provides some practical recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: K-F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: V W C
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011187:Posture; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods*