title: Hyperthyroidism with concurrent FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Neutropenia is a common side-effect in hyperthyroid patients with long-term use of antithyroid drugs. This may be caused by drug-induced immune dysfunction or increased thyroxine hematologic toxicity, which usually returns to normal after medication is discontinued or the hyperthyroidism becomes well controlled. However, hyperthyroidism with pancytopenia is extremely rare. The current case report presents a hyperthyroid patient complicated with pancytopenia who had taken antithyroid drugs for 14 years. Bone marrow analysis revealed primary leuokocytes, indicating M3 acute leukemia. Genetic analysis revealed promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor α fusion and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication. The genetic abnormality was also associated with thyroid hormonal functions. After a standard anti-M3 regimen was administed, the patient achieved complete remission and maintained stable thyroid functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with hyperthyroidism acquiring M3 leukemia harboring the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yajian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Keyue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wanzhuo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Gaofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication; acute promyelocytic leukemia; anti-thyroid drugs; hyperthyroidism