title: Endovascular advances for extracranial carotid stenosis.
abstract: Carotid artery stenting has become a viable alternative to carotid endarterectomy in the management of carotid stenosis. Over the past 20 years, many trials have attempted to compare both treatment modalities and establish the indications for each one, depending on clinical and anatomic features presented by patients. Concurrently, carotid stenting techniques and devices have evolved and made endovascular management of carotid stenosis safe and effective. Among the most important innovations are devices for distal and proximal embolic protection and new stent designs. This paper reviews these advances in the endovascular management of carotid artery stenosis within the context of the historical background.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York; §Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; ‖Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; ¶Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; #The Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Eller
authors.forename: Travis M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: Grant C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sorkin
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mokin
authors.forename: Elad I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Kenneth V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelson Hopkins
authors.forename: Adnan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery