title: Rapid optimization of metal nanoparticle surface modification with high-throughput gel electrophoresis.
abstract: The ability to effectively control and optimize surface modification of metal nanoparticles is paramount to the ability to employ metal nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in biology and medicine. Here we present a high-throughput two-dimensional-grid gel electrophoresis cell (2D-GEC)-based method, capable of optimizing the surface modification of as many as 96 samples of metal nanoparticles in approximately 1 h. The 2D-GEC method determines not only the average zeta-potential of the modified particles but also the homogeneity of the surface modification by measuring the distance between the front of the sample track and the area where the maximum optical density is achieved. The method was tested for optimizing pH and concentration of the modifiers (pM) for functionalizing gold nanorod thiol-containing acidic agents.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanodiagnostics, Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas , Moscow, 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Beskorovaynyy
authors.forename: Dmitry S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kopitsyn
authors.forename: Andrei A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Novikov
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziangirova
authors.forename: Galina S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Skorikova
authors.forename: Mikhail S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kotelev
authors.forename: Pavel A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gushchin
authors.forename: Evgeniy V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Getmansky
authors.forename: Irving
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Itzkan
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Muradov
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vinokurov
authors.forename: Lev T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Perelman