title: Low rate of proteinuria in hypertensives resident in a rural area of Plateau State, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertensives are screened for proteinuria largely to detect kidney involvement. In most reports from urban areas, the burden is considerable. We decided to see the scenario in a rural setting with the opportunity presented by our cardiovascular disease (CVD) survey of a rural area in North Central Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2008 we surveyed a rural population in Mangu Local Government area of Plateau State for CVD risk factors using the protocol of the National survey of 1991; slightly modified. One in three subjects was sequentially randomized to have blood and urine examination. Blood tests included glucose, creatinine, uric acid, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Blood pressures were also taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood and urine tests were done on 282 subjects. Eight of them (2.84%) had proteinuria. Ninety-nine of the 282 (35.11%) were hypertensive. Seven out of the 99 hypertensives (7.07%) had proteinuria. Between those hypertensives (positive or negative for proteinuria), the following indices: glucose, HDL cholesterol, SBP and DBP differed significantly (p = 0.000, p = 0.015, p = 0.000, p = 0.000 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with rates in urban centres of Nigeria, our population recorded low proteinuria rates both for the whole population and the hypertensive segment. It therefore appears that proteinuria in hypertension is not only a reflection of severity and burden of hypertension, but has some relation with residence. Rural areas have lower constellation of CVD risk factor (due to different life style) and lower incidence of hypertension. Consequently, their proteinuria rates are low.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. basokeam@yahoo.com
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Okeahialam
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ogbonna
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chuhwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Isiguzoro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL