title: Multilocus sequence typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in nonhuman primates in China.
abstract: To infer population genetics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in nonhuman primates (NHPs), 126 positive specimens in 839 fecal specimens from 23 NHP species in China based on ITS locus were used, belonging to genotypes Type IV, D, Peru8, Henan V, Peru11, PigEBITS7 and 3 novel ones (CM1, CM2 and CM3). Multilocus sequence typing employing four micro and minisatellites (MS1, MS3, MS4 and MS7) and ITS were used to analyze population structure of 85 isolates successfully amplified at all five loci, which yielded 59 multilocus genotypes. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was measured using both multilocus sequences and allelic profile data. The observation of strong and significant LD with limited recombination in multilocus sequence analysis indicated the presence of overall clonal population structure of E. bieneusi, which was supported by allelic profile data analysis. Fu's selective neutrality test demonstrated the absence of neutral mutations and molecular selection. The population structure of common ITS genotypes (CM1, Type IV and D) was compared. Strong LD in multilocus sequence analysis versus insignificant LD and/or LE in allelic profile data analysis implied epidemic population in common ITS genotypes. No significant genetic isolation was evidenced by either phylogenetic or substructural analyses. The population genetics was also compared among the sub-population 1 (contained mainly genotype Type IV), sub-population 2 (contained mainly genotypes CM1 and D), sub-population 3 (contained mixed genotypes) and sub-population 4 (contained genotype Henan V). The presence of strong LD in multilocus data analysis with insignificant LD and/or LE in allele profile data analysis suggested the epidemic population in sub-populations.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Md Robiul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China. Electronic address: zhanglx8999@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Longxian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Farzana Islam
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Rume
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Haiju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Fuchun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Sumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Mingfei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
authors.forename: Guangyou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
authors.forename: Fengcai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Changshen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Electronic address: lxiao@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D021862:Enterocytozoon / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011323:Primates
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
keywords: Enterocytozoon bieneusi; Genetic diversity; Multilocus sequence typing; Nonhuman primates; Population genetics