title: Hole selective MoOx contact for silicon solar cells.
abstract: Using an ultrathin (∼ 15 nm in thickness) molybdenum oxide (MoOx, x < 3) layer as a transparent hole selective contact to n-type silicon, we demonstrate a room-temperature processed oxide/silicon solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 14.3%. While MoOx is commonly considered to be a semiconductor with a band gap of 3.3 eV, from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we show that MoOx may be considered to behave as a high workfunction metal with a low density of states at the Fermi level originating from the tail of an oxygen vacancy derived defect band located inside the band gap. Specifically, in the absence of carbon contamination, we measure a work function potential of ∼ 6.6 eV, which is significantly higher than that of all elemental metals. Our results on the archetypical semiconductor silicon demonstrate the use of nm-thick transition metal oxides as a simple and versatile pathway for dopant-free contacts to inorganic semiconductors. This work has important implications toward enabling a novel class of junctionless devices with applications for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and transistors.
authors.affiliation: Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Corsin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Xingtian
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authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Maxwell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stephen
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authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azcatl
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Biwu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maboudian
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Javey