title: The distances covered by basketball referees in a match increase throughout the competition phases, with no change in physiological demand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is crucial to know the demands on basketball referees, in different match periods (MPs) and phases of competition, for planning referee training and subsequent successful refereeing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure and evaluate the distance covered by referees in a match by measuring the number of interruptions, percentage of heart rate (%HR), and blood lactate concentration ([lac]) in different phases of competition and in different MPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the qualifying (QP), semifinal (SP), and final (FP) phases of a total of 12 matches (four matches in each phase) of the 2009-2010 Brazilian Basketball League. Distance covered, number of match interruptions, and referees' %HR and [lac] were analyzed. We compared the results between competition phases and between MPs (1st MP, 2nd MP, 3rd MP, and 4th MP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the distances covered, we observed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd MPs between the FP and the other two phases (SP and QP) throughout the match, between each phase; in the 4th MP, a significant difference was found when comparing the QP and the other two phases. Comparing the periods within each phase, we found that a greater distance was covered in the 4th MP in relation to the 3rd MP during the FP. No significant differences were found among the remaining variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distances covered by referees in a basketball match increase throughout competition phases. This information is essential for planning of training and for the subsequent success of a referee.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Borin
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonganha
authors.affiliation: Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ; Postgraduate Program in Children's Health, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Marques
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia Regina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cavaglieri
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Allegretti
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mercadante
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Tadeu Nolasco
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Montagner
keywords: basketball; distance covered; percentage of maximum heart rate; referees