title: Differences in post-exercise inflammatory and glucose regulatory response between sedentary indigenous Australian and Caucasian men completing a single bout of cycling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the acute inflammatory and glucose responses following aerobic exercise in sedentary Indigenous Australian and Caucasian men, matched for fitness and body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sedentary Indigenous (n = 10) and Caucasian (n = 9) Australian men who were free from chronic disease volunteered to participate. Following baseline testing, participants completed a 40 min cycling bout at ∼80% maximal heart rate. Fasting venous blood was collected pre, 0, 30, 60, and 240 min post-exercise for analysis of glucose, insulin, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-1 receptor agonist (ra), and C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resting TNF-α and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in the Indigenous group (P < 0.05). IL-6 and IL-1ra were elevated for longer in Caucasian (P < 0.05), compared with the Indigenous group (P > 0.05). The post-exercise (0 min) increase in cortisol and glucose for the Caucasians was higher (P < 0.05) than the attenuated responses within the Indigenous group (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite being matched for fitness and body composition the Indigenous men had elevated resting TNF-α and glucose compared with the Caucasian men, which may have contributed to the suppressed post-exercise anti-inflammatory response of the Indigenous men; however, glucose normalized between groups post-exercise. As such, it is recommended for acute moderate-intensity exercise to be completed daily for long-term improvements in glucose regulation, irrespective of ancestry. Of note, results suggest it to be even more pertinent for exercise to be encouraged for Indigenous Australian men due to their elevated resting glucose levels at a younger age, when compared to the respective Caucasian group.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mendham
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coutts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016552:Ergometry; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose