title: Shining light on cell death processes - a novel biosensor for necroptosis, a newly described cell death program.
abstract: Cell death contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis, but mounting evidence has confirmed the involvement of programmed cell death in some diseases. The concept of programmed cell death, which was coined several decades ago to refer to apoptosis, now also encompasses necroptosis, a newly characterized cell death program. Research on programmed cell death has become essential for the development of some new therapies. To study cell death signaling and its molecular mechanisms, new biochemical and fluorogenic approaches have been devised. Here, we first provide an overview of programmed cell death modes and the importance of dynamic cell death studies. Next, we focus on both apoptotic and necroptotic signaling and their mechanisms by providing a systematic review of all the methods and approaches that have been used. We emphasize the contribution of advanced approaches based on fluorescent probes, reporters, and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors for studying programmed cell death. Because apoptosis and necroptosis signaling pathways share some effectors molecules, we discuss how these new tools could be used to discriminate between apoptosis and necroptosis. We also describe how we developed specific FRET-based biosensors for detecting necroptosis. Finally, we touch on how dynamic measurement of biomolecules in living models will play a role in personalized prognosis and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Régulation des Signaux de Division, EA4479, University Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; IRI CNRS USR 3078, University Lille 1-University Lille 2, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Groupement de Recherche Microscopie Imagerie du Vivant, GDR2588 MIV-CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sipieter
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladik
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandenabeele
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riquet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D016923:Cell Death; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Biosensors; Caspase; Cell death; Cytochrome C; Receptor interacting protein kinase