title: Trifolium pratense L. as a potential natural antioxidant.
abstract: The essential oils of three different growth stages of Trifolium pratense L. (TP1, TP2 and TP3) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The highest content of volatile compounds was found in the essential oil sample TP1, where terpenes such as β-myrcene (4.55%), p-cymene (3.59%), limonene (0.86%), tetrahydroionone (1.56%) were highlighted due to their biological activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by following the scavenging capacity of the essential oils for the free radicals DPPH·, NO· and O2·-, as well as effects of the investigated oils on lipid peroxidation (LP). In all three cases, the sample TP1 showed the best radical-capturing capacity for DPPH· (27.61±0.12 µg/mL), NO· (16.03±0.11 µg/mL), O2·- (16.62±0.29 µg/mL) and also had the best lipid peroxidation effects in the Fe2+/ascorbate induction system (9.35±0.11 µg/mL). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the following bacteria cultures: Escherichia coli (ATCC10526), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876). None of the examined essential oil samples showed inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. sanja.vlaisavljevic@dh.uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vlaisavljevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. biljana.kaurinovic@dh.uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaurinovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. mira.popovic@dh.uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. maja.brenesel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djurendic-Brenesel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. bojana.vasiljevic@dh.uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vasiljevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. cveled@uns.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Dragoljub
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cvetkovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. sanja.vasiljevic@nsseme.com.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasiljevic
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000187:drug effects; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry; D029921:Trifolium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008081:Liposomes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010851:Picrates; D010938:Plant Oils; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl