title: Conceptualizing and prioritizing clinical trial outcomes from the perspectives of people with Parkinson's disease versus health care professionals: a concept mapping study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Focusing clinical investigations on outcomes that are meaningful from an end-user perspective is central in clinical research, particularly in chronic disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about how end-users such as people with PD (PwPD) and health care professionals (HCPs) view and prioritize therapeutic outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the perspectives of PwPD and HCPs regarding prioritized areas for outcome measurement in clinical PD trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concept mapping was used to identify prioritized outcomes (statements) through focus groups (n = 27; 12 PwPD, 12 HCPs, three researchers), statement sorting and importance rating (n = 38; 19 PwPD, 19 HCPs), followed by quantitative (multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis, procrustes analysis) and qualitative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sorting of 99 statements by PwPD and HCPs yielded 2D maps (PwPD/HCPs stress values, 0.31/0.21) with eight clusters per group. The correlation between raw sorting data of PwPD and HCPs was 0.80, and there was a significant concordance (m 12 = 0.53; P < 0.001; i.e., r = 0.68) between the spatial arrangements in their respective maps. Qualitatively, the maps from the two groups represented partially different perspectives. There were no significant differences between PwPD and HCP item importance ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although similarities dominated, there were differences in how the relationships between items were perceived by the two groups, emanating from different perspectives, i.e., the clinical biomedical ("disease") versus the lived experience ("illness"). This study illustrates the clinical importance of attention to the perspective of PwPD; taking this into account is likely to provide evidence from clinical investigations that are meaningful and interpretable for end-users.
authors.affiliation: The PRO-CARE Group, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, 291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sjödahl Hammarlund
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idvall
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hagell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012107:Research Design; D013548:Sweden