title: Withdrawal reaction of carbamazepine after neurovascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the representations and the relevant factors of carbamazepine-associated withdrawal reaction (CAWR) after microvascular decompression (MVD) to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN).
  
  
  METHODS
  The present series included 90 patients who were referred from September 2010 to January 2013 and diagnosed with classical TN. The carbamazepine (CBZ) serum level was tested twice at 24h pre- and 24h post-operation by using HPLC analysis. The analysis of correlating selected factors and CAWR was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 90 patients, 26 (28.9%) suffered from post-operative CAWR for 3 days after MVD. The symptoms of CAWR include overexcitement, e.g. insomnia, dysphoria, hand fremitus, hallucination and severe headache. The history of CBZ therapy before MVD, pre-operative dosage of CBZ, and the D-value of CBZ blood concentrations demonstrated statistic differences between the patients with CAWR and those without CAWR. Patient characteristics such as gender, age, and duration of neuralgia, neuralgia-related factors including neuralgia extent and neurovascular compression severity, and operation conditions including duration of MVD procedure, effect of MVD and complication of MVD had no influence on the occurrence of CAWR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is strongly suggested that CAWR is dependent on the pre-operative dosage and the changing rate of pre- and post-operative CBZ blood concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Min-Jie
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: chenminjie00@126.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Wen-Hao
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun-Wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061145:Microvascular Decompression Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D002220:Carbamazepine
keywords: Blood concentration; Carbamazepine; Microvascular decompression; Overexcitement; Trigeminal neuralgia; Withdrawal reaction