title: Celiac disease: a review.
abstract: Triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease is the most common genetically based food intolerance in the world, with a prevalence among approximately 1% of the general population. This enteropathy may appear at any age and is characterized by a wide variety of clinical signs and symptoms that go well beyond the gastrointestinal tract. In young children, gastrointestinal presentations are common and include chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, and abdominal distention; however, extraintestinal manifestations are becoming increasingly more common. They include numerous conditions such as dermatitis herpetiformis, anemia, dental enamel hypoplasia, recurrent oral aphthae, short stature, osteoporosis, arthritis, neurologic problems, unexplained elevation of transaminase levels, and female infertility. Therefore, diagnosing celiac disease requires a high degree of suspicion, followed by correct screening and a confirmatory test with an intestinal biopsy. After diagnosis, a strict gluten-free diet must be followed, which in most cases will bring a marked improvement of symptoms. However, there are important compliance and quality-of-life problems, especially in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois2Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, and Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Center, King Saud Uni.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guandalini
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, and Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Center, King Saud University Faculty of Medicine, and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Asaad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assiri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens