title: Resiquimod and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid formulation with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists reportedly have potent antiviral and antitumor activities and may be a new kind of adjuvant for enhancing immune efficacy. Resiquimod (R848) is an imidazoquinoline compound with potent antiviral activity and functions through the TLR7/TLR8 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA that induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the activation of NF-κB through TLR3. This study investigated the potential of R848 and poly(I:C) as an adjuvant 146S foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine formulated with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibody titers to FMDV and CD8+ T cells were markedly enhanced in mice immunized to 146S FMDV + Al(OH)₃ + R848 + poly(I:C) compared with mice immunized to FMDV + ISA206. IFN-γ secretion substantially increased compared with IL-4 secretion by splenic T cells stimulated with FMDV antigens in vitro, suggesting that R848, poly(I:C), and with Al(OH)₃ together biased the immune response toward a Th1-type direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that the R848 and poly(I:C) together with Al(OH)₃ enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses to immunization with 146S FMDV antigens. Thus, this new vaccine formulation can be used for FMDV prevention.
authors.forename: Chun-Xue
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China. lidong@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zeng-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yi-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Hui-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Yuan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ping-Hua
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xing-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Bao-Xia
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zai-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007093:Imidazoles; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D011070:Poly I-C; C402365:resiquimod