title: Cross neutralization of common Southeast Asian viperid venoms by a Thai polyvalent snake antivenom (Hemato Polyvalent Snake Antivenom).
abstract: Snake envenomation is a serious public health threat in many rural areas of Asia and Africa. Antivenom has hitherto been the definite treatment for snake envenomation. Owing to a lack of local production of specific antivenom, most countries in these regions fully depend on foreign supplies of antivenoms. Often, the effectiveness of the imported antivenoms against local medically important species has not been validated. This study aimed to assess cross-neutralizing capacity of a recently developed polyvalent antivenom, Hemato Polyvalent Snake Antivenom (HPAV), against venoms of a common viper and some pit vipers from Southeast Asia. Neutralisation assays showed that HPAV was able to effectively neutralize lethality of the common Southeast Asian viperid venoms examined (Calloselasma, Crytelytrops, Popeia, and Daboia sp.) except for Tropidolaemus wagleri venom. HPAV also effectively neutralized the procoagulant and hemorrhagic activities of all the venoms examined, corroboratively supporting the capability of HPAV in neutralizing viperid venoms which are principally hematoxic. The study also indicated that HPAV fully prevented the occurrence of hematuria and proteinuria in mice envenomed with Thai Daboia siamensis venom but was only partially effective against venoms of Myanmar D. siamensis. Thus, HPAV appears to be useful against its homologous venoms and venoms from Southeast Asian viperids including several medically important pit vipers belonging to the Trimeresurus complex. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of HPAV as a paraspecific antivenom for treatment of viperid envenomation in Southeast Asian region requires further assessment from future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Poh Kuan
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Choo Hock
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Si Mui
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shin Yee
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Khomvilai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumana
authors.affiliation: Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Rama IV Road, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Visith
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sitprija
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: tanngethong@yahoo.com.sg.
authors.forename: Nget Hong
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology*; D000997:Antivenins / Q000276:immunology*; D056738:Cross Protection; D003429:Cross Reactions; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000997:Antivenins
keywords: Cross neutralization; Hemato polyvalent antivenoms; Southeast Asian viper and pit vipers