title: Simultaneous quantification and inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation of the traditional Korean medicine, Leejung-tang.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leejung-tang (LJT) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we performed quantification analysis of five marker components, liquiritin (1), ginsenoside Rg1 (2), ginsenoside Rb1 (3), glycyrrhizin (4), and 6-gingerol (5) in LJT using a high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA). In addition, we investigated the inhibitory effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by the LJT sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compounds 1-5 were separated within 35 min using a Gemini C18 column. The mobile phase used gradient elution with 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 203 nm, 254 nm, and 280 nm. The inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation conduct an experiment on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) assay, and electrophoresis of ApoB fragmentation of LJT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calibration curves of compounds 1-5 showed good linearity (r(2) ≥0.9995) in different concentration ranges. The recoveries of compounds 1-5 were in the range of 98.90-103.39%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 3.0%. The RSDs (%) of intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.10-1.08% and 0.29-1.87%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of LJT on Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation was defined by TBARS assay (IC50: 165.7 μg/mL) and REM of oxLDL (decrease of 50% at 127.7 μg/mL). Furthermore LJT reduced the fragmentation of ApoB of oxLDL in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established HPLC-PDA method will be helpful to improve quality control of LJT. In addition, LJT is a potential LDL oxidation inhibitor.
authors.forename: Chang-Seob
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Ohn Soon
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseongdae-ro 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea. hkshin@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeun-Kyoo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002396:Catechols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044950:Flavanones / Q000302:isolation & purification; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D055670:Medicine, Korean Traditional; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D044950:Flavanones; D036145:Ginsenosides; D005960:Glucosides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D003300:Copper; C007845:gingerol; C512196:liquiritin