title: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young nonsmoking and nondrinking patients: 3 clinical cases of orthodontic interest.
abstract: Oral squamous cell carcinoma traditionally affects older men who smoke and drink. A change in this profile has been reported because of an increased incidence in young nonsmoking and nondrinking patients. The purpose of this article was to describe a series of young nonsmoking and nondrinking patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma who had recently received orthodontic treatment or evaluation. Details regarding diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and disease evolution are presented, with a review of the pertinent literature. Orthodontists often treat young adults, who have frequent dental appointments and long-term follow-ups. Thus, practitioners should pay special attention to young patients during dental consultations, since the incidence of malignant oral lesions in this segment of the population seems to be increasing.
authors.affiliation: Assistant professor in oral medicine, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: alanroger@fop.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Alan Roger
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos-Silva
authors.affiliation: PhD student, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Aurelio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carvalho Andrade
authors.affiliation: Associate professor in oral pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacks
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Titular professor in oral pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oslei Paes
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Associate professor in oral pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pablo Agustin
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Titular professor in oral pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology and Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcio Ajudarte
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004919:Erythroplasia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005927:Glossectomy; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult