title: Autologous CIK cell immunotherapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients diagnosed with TNM stage I or II RCC were randomly divided into two groups, a CIK cell treatment group and a control group. The endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD3(+), CD3(+)/CD8(+), CD3(+)/CD4(+), and CD3(+)/CD56(+) levels increased after CIK cell culture (P < 0.01). The median PFS in CIK cell treatment group was significantly longer than that in control group (PFS, 32.2 months versus 21.6 months; log-rank, P = 0.032), all patients were alive during the course of followup, and there are no statistically significant differences between two groups in OS (log-rank, P = 0.214). Grade III or greater adverse events were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIK cells treatment could prolong survival in patients with RCC after radical nephrectomy and showed acceptable curative effect with potential enhancement of cellular immune function. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01799083.
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yajing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cadre Health Care, Naval General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Chao
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ying
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D055612:Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D010641:Phenotype; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome