title: Isolation of mutants of the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia.
abstract: Frankia is a nitrogen (N)-fixing multicellular actinomycete which establishes root-nodule symbiosis with actinorhizal plants. Several aspects of Frankia N fixation and symbiosis are distinct, but genes involved in the specific features are largely unknown because of the lack of an efficient mutant screening method. In this study, we isolated mutants of Frankia sp. strain CcI3 using hyphae fragments mutagenized by chemical mutagens. Firstly, we isolated uracil auxotrophs as gain-of-function mutants resistant to 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). We obtained seven 5-FOA resistant mutants, all of which required uracil for growth. Five strains carried a frame shift mutation in orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene and two carried an amino acid substitution in the orotate phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Secondly, we isolated mutants showing loss-of-function phenotypes. Mutagenized hyphae were fragmented by ultrasound and allowed to multiply at their tips. Hyphae were fragmented again and short fragments were enriched by filtration through 5 μm pores filters. Next-generation and Sanger sequencing revealed that colonies formed from the short hyphae fragments consisted of cells with an identical genotype. From the mutagenized colony population, we isolated three pigmentation mutants and a mutant with reduced N-fixation activity. These results indicate that our procedure is useful for the isolation of loss-of-function mutants using hyphae of Frankia.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakoi
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaura
authors.forename: Toshihito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiharai
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tamari
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiumi
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kucho
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040161:Frankia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D025301:Hyphae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D014498:Uracil / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014498:Uracil; D009584:Nitrogen