title: Expression of angiogenesis-related genes in canine cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in canine cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors (ATs). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed mRNA encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2, angiopoietin 1 and 2 (ANGPT1 and ANGPT2), the splice variant ANGPT2443, the ANGPT-receptor Tie2, and basic fibroblast growth factor in 38 canine cortisol-secreting ATs (26 carcinomas and 12 adenomas) and 15 normal adrenals. The relative expression of both ANGPT2 and ANGPT2443 was higher in adenomas (P = 0.020 for ANGPT2 and P = 0.002 for ANGPT2443) and carcinomas (P = 0.003 for ANGPT2 and P < 0.001 for ANGPT2443) compared with normal adrenals, and this enhanced expression was also detected with Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry indicated expression of ANGPT2 protein in AT cells and in vascular endothelial cells of carcinomas, whereas Tie2 was mainly present in the tumor vascular endothelial cells. The ANGPT2-to-ANGTPT1 ratio, a marker for a proangiogenic state, was higher in both adenomas (P = 0.020) and carcinomas (P = 0.043). With the use of the human H295R cortisol-producing adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, we were able to demonstrate that the ANGPT2 expression was stimulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and progesterone but not by cortisol. In conclusion, canine cortisol-secreting ATs have enhanced ANGPT2 expression with a concomitant shift toward a proangiogenic state. On the basis of this information, treatment modalities may be developed that interfere with ANGPT2 expression, including inhibition of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A pathway, or of the effect of ANGPT2, by using specific ANGPT2 inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M J
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kool
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: S.Galac@uu.nl.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galac
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mol
mesh_terms: D018246:Adrenocortical Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D018268:Adrenocortical Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Angiopoietin; Cushing's syndrome; Dog; Hypercortisolism; VEGF