title: Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central and Eastern Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to describe the natural clinical course, incidence and prevalence of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central and Eastern Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 49) were identified by retrieving the data from eight international centers for MPS VI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large number of patients presented with an attenuated phenotype (33%). Height and genotype were related to the severity of the disease, while no clear trend was observed between height and urinary glycosaminoglycan level. A high prevalence of the p.R152W mutation was observed both in the whole series (42%) as well as in Russian patients (43%). The incidence rate ranged from 0.0363 to 0.64 per 100,000 live births in Poland and Lithuania, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed high p.R152W carrier frequency in the Lithuanian population may indicate a possible founder effect in this region. The high prevalence of this mutation observed in the whole series, as well as the Slavic origin of the majority of patients homozygous for this mutation, suggest that p.R152W may be of Slavic, not Lithuanian origin. Resettlement of the Polish population after World War II resulted in dilution of the prevalence of carriers in Poland and a very low MPS VI incidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jurecka
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zakharova
authors.forename: Loreta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cimbalistiene
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gusina
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malinova
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Różdżyńska-Świątkowska
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golda
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulpanovich
authors.forename: Gulnara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaldenovna Abdilova
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Voskoboeva
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tylki-Szymańska
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009087:Mucopolysaccharidosis VI / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome; genotype-phenotype analysis; incidence; natural history; prevalence; urinary glycosaminoglycan