title: Mobile Phones: Potential Sources of Nickel and Cobalt Exposure for Metal Allergic Patients.
abstract: The use of cellular phones has risen exponentially with over 300 million subscribers. Nickel has been detected in cell phones and reports of contact dermatitis attributable to metals are present in the literature. We determined nickel and cobalt content in popular cell phones in the United States. Adults (>18 years) who owned a flip phone, Blackberry®, or iPhone®were eligible. Seventy-two cell phones were tested using SmartPractice's®commercially available nickel and cobalt spot tests. Test areas included buttons, keypad, speakers, camera, and metal panels. Of the 72 cell phones tested, no iPhones or Droids®tested positive for nickel or cobalt. About 29.4% of Blackberrys [95% confidence interval (CI), 13%-53%] tested positive for nickel; none were positive for cobalt. About 90.5% of flip phones (95% CI, 70%-99%) tested positive for nickel and 52.4% of flip phones (95% CI, 32%-72%) tested positive for cobalt. Our study indicates that nickel and cobalt are present in popular cell phones. Patients with known nickel or cobalt allergy may consider their cellular phones as a potential source of exposure. Further studies are needed to examine whether there is a direct association with metal content in cell phones and the manifestation of metal allergy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Mark Davis
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lorton
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Winthrop University Hospital , Mineola, New York.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fonacier