title: A novel Norrie disease pseudoglioma gene mutation, c.-1_2delAAT, responsible for Norrie disease in a Chinese family.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the genetic findings and phenotypic characteristics of a Chinese family with Norrie disease (ND).
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular genetic analysis and clinical examinations were performed on a Chinese family with ND. Mutations in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma (NDP) gene were detected by direct sequencing. Haplotypes were constructed and compared with the phenotypes in the family. Evolutionary comparisons and mutant open reading frame (ORF) prediction were also undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two family members with ocular manifestations were diagnosed with ND. No signs of sensorineural hearing loss were observed in either patient, while one of them showed signs of mild mental retardation. A novel heterozygous mutation in the NDP gene, c.-1_2delAAT, was detected in both patients. The mutation and the mutation bearing haplotype co-segregated with the ND phenotype in males and was transmitted from their mothers and/or grandmothers (II:2). The male without ND did not harbor the mutation. The mutation occurred at the highly conserved nucleotides. ORF finder predicted that the mutation would lead to the production of a truncated protein that lacks the first 11 N-terminal amino acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel mutation, c.-1_2delAAT in the NDP gene, was identified in a Chinese family with ND. This mutation caused ND without obvious sensorineural hearing loss. Mental disorder was found in one but not the other patients. The clinical heterogeneity in the family indicated that other genetic variants and epigenetic factors may also play a role in the disease presentation.
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ying
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Su-Qin
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Chinese; Norrie disease; mutation; pseudoglioma