title: The potential role of As-sumo-1 in the embryonic diapause process and early embryo development of Artemia sinica.
abstract: During embryonic development of Artemia sinica, environmental stresses induce the embryo diapause phenomenon, required to resist apoptosis and regulate cell cycle activity. The small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO), a reversible post-translational protein modifier, plays an important role in embryo development. SUMO regulates multiple cellular processes, including development and other biological processes. The molecular mechanism of diapause, diapause termination and the role of As-sumo-1 in this processes and in early embryo development of Artemia sinica still remains unknown. In this study, the complete cDNA sequences of the sumo-1 homolog, sumo ligase homolog, caspase-1 homolog and cyclin B homolog from Artemia sinica were cloned. The mRNA expression patterns of As-sumo-1, sumo ligase, caspase-1, cyclin B and the location of As-sumo-1 were investigated. SUMO-1, p53, Mdm2, Caspase-1, Cyclin B and Cyclin E proteins were analyzed during different developmental stages of the embryo of A. sinica. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to verify the function of sumo-1 in A. sinica. The full-length cDNA of As-sumo-1 was 476 bp, encoding a 92 amino acid protein. The As-caspases-1 cDNA was 966 bp, encoding a 245 amino-acid protein. The As-sumo ligase cDNA was 1556 bp encoding, a 343 amino acid protein, and the cyclin B cDNA was 739 bp, encoding a 133 amino acid protein. The expressions of As-sumo-1, As-caspase-1 and As-cyclin B were highest at the 10 h stage of embryonic development, and As-sumo ligase showed its highest expression at 0 h. The expression of As-SUMO-1 showed no tissue or organ specificity. Western blotting showed high expression of As-SUMO-1, p53, Mdm2, Caspase-1, Cyclin B and Cyclin E at the 10 h stage. The siRNA caused abnormal development of the embryo, with increased malformation and mortality. As-SUMO-1 is a crucial regulation and modification protein resumption of embryonic diapause and early embryo development of A. sinica.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuejie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Peisheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000145:classification / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019295:Computational Biology; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D034622:RNA Interference; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D019926:Cyclin B; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D020170:Caspase 1