title: Dechlorination of chloroorganics, decolorization, and simultaneous bioremediation of Cr6+ from real tannery effluent employing indigenous Bacillus cereus isolate.
abstract: A native Bacillus cereus isolate has been employed, for the first time, for simultaneous decolorization, dechlorination of chloroorganics, and Cr(6+) remediation from the real tannery effluent. Most of the physicochemical variables in 3:1 diluted effluent were well above the standard prescribed limits, which decreased substantially upon microbial treatment. The extent of bioremediation was better in diluted (3:1) as compared to undiluted effluent supplemented with nutrients and augmented with B. cereus isolate. Maximum growth, effluent decolorization (42.5 %), dechlorination (74.1 %), and Cr(6+) remediation (34.2 %) were attained with 4.0 % (v/v) inoculum, 0.8 % glucose, and 0.2 % ammonium chloride in 3:1 diluted effluent at natural pH (8.1) within 72 h of incubation. The efficiency of bioremediation in a bioreactor was higher as compared to a flask trial during 72 h of incubation: decolorization (47.9 %) was enhanced by 5.4 %, dechlorination (77.4 %) by 3.3 %, and Cr(6+) removal (41.7 %) by 7.5 % at an initial color of 286 Pt-Co units and initial concentration of 62 mg chloride ions and 108 mg l(-1) Cr(6+). Immobilized biomass of Pseudomonas putida and B. cereus coculture enhanced the extent of Cr(6+) remediation (51.9 %) by 10.2 % compared to the bioreactor trial. Chromate reductase activity and reduced Cr directly correlated and were mainly associated with soluble fraction of B. cereus plus effluent natural microflora. The GC-MS analyses revealed the formation of metabolites such as acetic acid and 2-butenoic acid in bacterially treated effluent. The supplementation of nutrients along with B. cereus augmentation is required for efficient effluent bioremediation.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence, DST-FIST Supported Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, 224001, India.
authors.forename: Manikant
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Satyendra Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D054879:Halogenation; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013633:Tanning; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion