title: Parasite infection and tuberculosis disease among children: a case-control study.
abstract: We conducted a case-control study to examine associations between parasite infection, including protozoa infection, and tuberculosis (TB) in children in Lima, Peru. We enrolled 189 matched-pairs. In multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses, Blastocystis hominis infection (rate ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.64, P = 0.002) was strongly associated with a lower risk of TB. We observed a statistically significant inverse linear dose-response relationship between Blastocystis hominis infection and TB. These findings should be confirmed in future prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Partners In Health/Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru; Dartmouth Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Molly F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Del Castillo
authors.forename: Ynés
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pereda
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lecca
authors.forename: Jhoelma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuertes
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
authors.forename: Mercedes C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bayona
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000562:Amebiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016776:Blastocystis Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016845:Blastocystis hominis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004709:Endolimax / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004747:Entamoeba / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004749:Entamoebiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010568:Peru; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology