title: Homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum membranes in plant cells.
abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membrane-bounded organelle whose membrane comprises a network of tubules and sheets. The formation of these characteristic shapes and maintenance of their continuity through homotypic membrane fusion appears to be critical for the proper functioning of the ER. The atlastins (ATLs), a family of ER-localized dynamin-like GTPases, have been identified as fusogens of the ER membranes in metazoans. Mutations of the ATL proteins in mammalian cells cause morphological defects in the ER, and purified Drosophila ATL mediates membrane fusion in vitro. Plant cells do not possess ATL, but a family of similar GTPases, named root hair defective 3 (RHD3), are likely the functional orthologs of ATLs. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how RHD3 proteins play a role in homotypic ER fusion. We also discuss the possible physiological significance of forming a tubular ER network in plant cells.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science and Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science and Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China ; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
keywords: GTPase; endoplasmic reticulum; membrane fusion; membrane proteins; plant development