title: Capsaicin production by Alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus from Capsicum annum; LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.
abstract: Alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus capable of producing capsaicin (1) was isolated from Capsicum annum. The endophyte was found to produce capsaicin upto three generations. Upscaling of the fermentation broth led to the isolation of one known and one compound characterized as 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol (2) and alternariol-10-methyl ether (3) respectively. Compound 1 and 3 were identified and quantified using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) system through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Furthermore, compound 3 displayed a range of cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines and was found to induce apoptosis evidenced by Hoechst staining and loss of mitochondrial-membrane potential in HL-60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India; Natural Product Microbes, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Shekaraiah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devari
authors.affiliation: Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Sundeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaglan
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Microbes, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Manjeet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India; Natural Product Microbes, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deshidi
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guru
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.affiliation: Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kushwaha
authors.affiliation: Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Ajai P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Sumit G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India. Electronic address: jpsharma@iiim.ac.in.
authors.forename: Jai P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Microbes, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Subhash C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Microbes, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
authors.forename: Ram A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vishwakarma
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India; Natural Product Microbes, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India. Electronic address: bashah@iiim.ac.in.
authors.forename: Bhahwal Ali
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002211:Capsaicin
keywords: (MRM)-LC–ESI–MS/MS; Alternaria alternata; Alternariol-10-methyl ether; Anti-cancer; Capsaicin