title: Albuminuria: when urine predicts kidney and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Albuminuria is common. Traditionally considered a precursor to diabetic nephropathy, it has now been directly linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death, independent of other risk factors. In this review, we compare the measures of albuminuria, examine the evidence linking it to renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and death, and provide recommendations for its testing and management.
authors.affiliation: Bridgeport Hospital, Yale New Haven Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport, CT.
authors.forename: Reejis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stephen
authors.forename: Stacey E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Nally
authors.forename: Sankar D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Navaneethan
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine