title: Current approaches, challenges and future directions for monitoring treatment response in prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous neoplasm in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. One in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. As a result, monitoring treatment response is of vital importance. The cornerstone of current approaches in monitoring treatment response remains the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, with the limitations of PSA come challenges in our ability to monitor treatment success. Defining PSA response is different depending on the individual treatment rendered potentially making it difficult for those not trained in urologic oncology to understand. Furthermore, standard treatment response criteria do not apply to prostate cancer further complicating the issue of treatment response. Historically, prostate cancer has been difficult to image and no single modality has been consistently relied upon to measure treatment response. However, with newer imaging modalities and advances in our understanding and utilization of specific biomarkers, the future for monitoring treatment response in prostate cancer looks bright.
authors.affiliation: 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 2. Division of Radiation Oncology, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 3. Virginia Urology, Richmond VA, USA.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.affiliation: 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 2. Division of Radiation Oncology, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 3. Virginia Urology, Richmond VA, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.affiliation: 4. Department of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond VA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grob
authors.affiliation: 5. Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond VA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avital
authors.affiliation: 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA ; 7. INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Adademy.
authors.forename: Bldm
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brücher
authors.affiliation: 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA ; 7. INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Adademy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stojadinovic
authors.affiliation: 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA. ; 6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Bon Secours Health Care System, Richmond VA, USA ; 8. South Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Man
keywords: monitoring treatment response; prostate cancer