title: In vitro effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. Among monogastric farm animals, swine are the most susceptible to DON as it markedly reduces feed intake and decreases weight gain. DON has also been shown to increase susceptibility to viral infections; therefore the objective of this study was to investigate in vitro impact of DON on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Permissive cells were infected or not with PRRSV and were treated with increasing concentrations of DON. Cell survival and mortality were evaluated by determining the number of viable cells with a tetrazolium compound and by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, respectively. Virus titration and antiviral cytokines mRNA expression were evaluated by quantitative PCR. DON significantly affected the survival of noninfected cells in a dose dependent manner. However, DON concentrations between 140 and 280 significantly increased the survival of cells infected with PRRSV. These concentrations significantly decreased PRRSV replication by inducing a pro-inflammatory cytokines environment and an early activation of apoptosis, which in turn seem to interrupt viral replication. For the first time, this study showed that DON had significant effects on the survival of PRRSV infected cells and on virus replication, in a dose dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine (CRIP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savard
authors.affiliation: Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinilla
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine (CRIP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Chantale
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Provost
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine (CRIP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine (CRIP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.affiliation: Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada. Electronic address: younes.chorfi@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chorfi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D014255:Trichothecenes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Deoxynivalenol; In vitro; PRRSV; Swine; Virus replication