title: Interferon lambda 1-3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. As an additional objective we sought to determine whether a different expression of IFN lambda 1-3 was associated with different harboring viruses, the clinical course of bronchiolitis or with the levels of well established IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), such as mixovirus resistance A (MxA) and ISG56.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis was undertaken in 118 infants with RSV or HRV bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal washes were collected for virological studies and molecular analysis of type III IFN responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RSV elicited higher levels of IFN lambda subtypes when compared with HRV. A similar expression of type III IFN was found in RSVA or RSVB infected infants and in those infected with HRVA or HRVC viruses. Results also indicate that IFN lambda 1 and IFN lambda 2-3 levels were correlated with each other and with MxA and ISG56-mRNAs. In addition, a positive correlation exists between the IFN lambda1 levels and the clinical score index during RSV infection. In particular, higher IFN lambda 1 levels are associated to an increase of respiratory rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that differences in the IFN lambda 1-3 levels in infants with RSV or HRV infections are present and that the expression of IFN lambda 1 correlates with the severity of RSV bronchiolitis.
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Selvaggi
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierangeli
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabiani
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ambra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicolai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics PICU, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Midulla
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.affiliation: Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: carolina.scagnolari@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scagnolari
mesh_terms: D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
chemical_list: D007372:Interferons; D007378:Interleukins; C000624353:interferon-lambda, human; D000095022:Interferon Lambda
keywords: Bronchiolitis; HRV; IFN lambda; IL-28; IL-29; ISG56; MxA; RSV; Viral load