title: The upregulation of programmed death 1 on peripheral blood T cells of glioma is correlated with disease progression.
abstract: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a surface receptor expressed on activated and exhausted T cells, which mediate T cell inhibition upon binding with its ligand. In the current study, we investigated the expression of PD-1 on peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in glioma patients. Percentage of PD-1+ cells was measured by flow cytometry in 86 glioma cases and 62 healthy controls. Results showed that PD-1 expression was significantly increased in both peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in glioma (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). When comparing PD-1 level in glioma patients with different histological types, patients with astrocytomas revealed clearly higher proportion of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells than those with oligodendrogliomas (p < 0.001), ependymomas (p < 0.001), or pilocytic astrocytomas (p < 0.001). Also, patients with the highest tumor grade (IV) demonstrated the most elevated expression of PD-1 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, cases with tumor grade III and IV had downregulated PD-1 level on peripheral CD4+ T cells after surgery, whereas only grade IV patients showed decreased proportion of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells after treatment. In addition, no correlation between PD-1 expression and progression to secondary glioblastoma was observed. These data suggested PD-1 may act as a positive regulator in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma.
authors.affiliation: The Second Division of Neurosurgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xingli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yongchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor