title: The conceptualization and development of a patient-reported neurogenic bladder symptom score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no single patient-reported instrument that was developed specifically to assess symptoms and bladder-related consequences for neurogenic bladder dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to identify and consolidate items for a novel measurement tool for this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Item generation was based on a literature review of existing instruments, open-ended semistructured interviews with patients, and expert opinion. Judgment-based item reduction was performed by a multidisciplinary expert group. The proposed questionnaire was sent to external experts for review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight neurogenic quality of life measures and 29 urinary symptom-specific instruments were identified. From these, 266 relevant items were extracted and used in the creation of the new neurogenic symptom score. Qualitative interviews with 16 adult patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction as a result of spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or spina bifida were completed. Dominant themes included urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, urgency, and bladder spasms. Using the literature review and interview data, 25 proposed items were reviewed by 12 external experts, and the questions evaluated based on importance on a scale of 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). Retained question domains had high mean importance ratings of 3.1 to 4.3 and good agreement with answer hierarchy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed neurogenic bladder symptom score is a novel patient-reported outcome measure. Further work is underway to perform a data-based item reduction and to assess the validity and reliability of this instrument.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Blayne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Welk
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.affiliation: St Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Madarasz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sequeira
keywords: health status indicators; lower urinary tract symptoms; neurogenic; outcome assessment; quality of life; questionnaires; urinary bladder