title: Anti-tumor activity of grape juice concentrate in the rat tongue two-stage initiation-promotion protocol induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of grape juice concentrate following medium-term oral carcinogenesis assay induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). A total of 30 male Wistar rats were distributed into five groups, as follows (n = 6 per group): Group 1 - negative control group (non-treated group); Group 2 - received grape juice concentrate at 1% dose by gavage for eight consecutive weeks; Group 3 - received 4NQO for 8 weeks at 20 ppm dose in drinking water daily; Group 4 - received 4NQO at 20 ppm dose during 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with grape juice concentrate at 1% dose orally by gavage for first 4 weeks after 4-NQO administration; Group 5 - received 4NQO at 20 ppm dose for 8 weeks in drinking water and treated with grape juice concentrate at 1% dose orally by gavage between the 5th and 8th weeks daily. Histopathological analysis revealed a decrease in hyperplasic and dysplastic lesions in Group 4. Groups 4 and 5 showed decreased COX-2 and TNF-alpha and eNOS gene expression. Grape juice concentrate also increased SOD Cu/Zn and catalase expression. However, Ki-67 immunoexpression was reduced at the promotion step of oral carcinogenesis (G5). Taken together, our results demonstrate that grape juice concentrate modulates rat tongue carcinogenesis as a result of anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and down-regulation of oral cells proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and.
authors.forename: Gustavo Protasio Pacheco
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: de Jesus
authors.forename: Flávia Andressa Pidone
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Carolina Foot Gomes
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.forename: Andrea Pitelli Boiago
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gollucke
authors.forename: Celina Tizuko Fujiyama
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Daniel Araki
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001628:Beverages; D020552:Comet Assay; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014059:Tongue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase