title: Gene expression analysis using a highly sensitive DNA microarray for colorectal cancer screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Half of all patients with small, right-sided, non-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) have negative results for the fecal occult blood test (FOBT). In the present study, the usefulness of CRC screening with a highly sensitive DNA microarray was evaluated in comparison with that by FOBT using fecal samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 53 patients with CRC and 61 healthy controls were divided into "training" and "validation sets". For the gene profiling, total RNA extracted from 0.5 g of feces was hybridized to a highly sensitive DNA chip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expressions of 43 genes were significantly higher in the patients with CRC than in healthy controls (p<0.05). In the training set, the sensitivity and specificity of the DNA chip assay using six genes were 85.4% and 85.2%, respectively. On the other hand, in the validation set, the sensitivity and specificity of the DNA chip assay were 85.2% and 85.7%, respectively. The sensitivities of the DNA chip assay were higher than those of FOBT in cases of the small, right-sided, early-CRC, tumor invading up to the muscularis propria (i.e. surface tumor) subgroups. In particular, the sensitivities of the DNA chip assay in the surface tumor and early-CRC subgroups were significantly higher than those of FOBT (p=0.023 and 0.019, respectively.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene profiling assay using a highly sensitive DNA chip was more effective than FOBT at detecting patients with small, right-sided, surface tumor, and early-stage CRC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan. yhmatsum@east.ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Junpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakugawa
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otake
authors.forename: Minori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009780:Occult Blood; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Cancer screening; DNA microarray; colorectal cancer; fecal RNA; fecal occult blood test; gene profiling