title: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia in OCD patients: clinical profile and possible treatment implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Panic Disorder (PD) and agoraphobia (AG) are frequently comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but the correlates of these comorbidities in OCD are fairly unknown. The study aims were to: 1) estimate the prevalence of PD with or without AG (PD), AG without panic (AG) and PD and/or AG (PD/AG) in a large clinical sample of OCD patients and 2) compare the characteristics of individuals with and without these comorbid conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study with 1001 patients of the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders using several assessment instruments, including the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders. Bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lifetime prevalence of PD was 15.3% (N=153), of AG 4.9% (N=49), and of PD/AG 20.2% (N=202). After logistic regression, hypochondriasis and specific phobia were common correlates of the three study groups. PD comorbidity was also associated with higher levels of anxiety, having children, major depression, bipolar I, generalized anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders. Other independent correlates of AG were: dysthymia, bipolar II disorder, social phobia, impulsive-compulsive internet use, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Patients with PD/AG were also more likely to be married and to present high anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, major depression, impulsive-compulsive internet use, generalized anxiety, posttraumatic stress and binge eating disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some distinct correlates were obtained for PD and AG in OCD patients, indicating the need for more specific and tailored treatment strategies for individuals with each of these clinical profiles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista, Brazil. Electronic address: torresar@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Albina R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Federal University of Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ygor A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Ferrão
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roseli G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Shavitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel L C
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Conceição
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: do Rosário
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Euripedes C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.affiliation: Anxiety and Depression Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro & D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fontenelle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult