title: Bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs) from skin secretions of three genera of phyllomedusine leaf frogs and their comparative pharmacological effects on mammalian smooth muscles.
abstract: While bradykinin has been identified in the skin secretions from several species of amphibian, bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs) are more common constituents. These peptides display a plethora of primary structural variations from the type peptide which include single or multiple amino acid substitutions, N- and/or C-terminal extensions and post-translational modifications such as proline hydroxylation and tyrosine sulfation. Such modified peptides have been reported in species from many families, including Bombinatoridae, Hylidae and Ranidae. The spectrum of these peptides in a given species is thought to be reflective of its predator profile from different vertebrate taxa. Here we report the isolation of BRPs and parallel molecular cloning of their respective biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNAs from the skin secretions of the Mexican leaf frog (Pachymedusa dacnicolor), the Central American red-eyed leaf frog (Agalychnis callidryas) and the South American orange-legged leaf frog (Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis). Additionally, the eight different BRPs identified were chemically synthesized and screened for bioactivity using four different mammalian smooth muscle preparations and their effects and rank potencies were found to be radically different in these with some acting preferentially through bradykinin B1-type receptors and others through B(2)-type receptors.
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, PR China.
authors.forename: Yingchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Lilin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Chengbang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, PR China; Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: r.li@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Renjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: l.wang@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Tianbao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D043783:Receptor, Bradykinin B1; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D001920:Bradykinin
keywords: Amphibian; Bradykinin; Molecular cloning; Peptides; Skin; Smooth muscle