title: [Retrospective analysis on the clinical features and management of acute and subacute right ventricular perforation by pacemaker lead].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical characteristics and management of the acute and subacute cardiac perforation by pacing leads.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of patients with acute and subacute right ventricular perforation by pacemaker lead occurred in our hospital between 2006 and 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven cases of confirmed acute and subacute right ventricular perforation by pacemaker lead were enrolled. The perforation rate was 0.15%, 2 cases of perforation occurred during the procedure. The main manifestation was low blood pressure and pericardial effusion. These two patients with cardiac tamponade underwent urgent percutaneous pericardiocentesis and patients recovered without complication. The remaining 5 cases of perforation occurred within 4-16 days after the pacemaker implantation. The main symptoms were diaphragm stimulation and chest pain. Signs of leads dysfunction were observed in all 5 patients. The diagnosis of cardiac perforation was confirmed by chest X-ray, echocardiography, or computed tomography. In all these 5 patients, the leads were removed by simple traction under fluoroscopic guidance with surgical backup support, no complication was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute and subacute right ventricular perforation is a rare but serious complication of pacemaker implantation. In most patients, the leads can be safely removed under fluoroscopic guidance with surgical backup support and close monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Beijing 100037, China. Email: chenkeping@263.net.
authors.forename: Ke-ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Jie-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pecking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies