title: Human papillomavirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Maharashtra, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frequency and distribution of HPV types in HIV-infected women with and without cervical neoplasia and their determinants have not been widely studied in India. We report and discuss HPV prevalence and type distribution in HIV-infected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  HPV genotyping was done using cervical samples from 1109 HIV-infected women in a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Any HPV was detected in 44.8% and high-risk ones in 41.0% women. Frequency of single and multiple high-risk infections were 26.7% and 14.3%, respectively. Frequencies of high-risk HPV infections in women with and without cervical neoplasia were 73.5% and 37.6%, respectively. HPV16 was the most common genotype, present in 11.5%, and 58.5% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3. Other most common high-risk HPV types in CIN 2-3 lesions were HPV 31 (22.6%); 56 (13.2%); 18 and 68a (11.3%) and 33, 35 and 51 (9.4%); and 70 (7.5%). Women under 30 or over 44 years, no abortions, and women with diagnosis of HIV infection within the last 5 years were at high risk of multiple oncogenic HPV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a very high frequency of high-risk HPV and multiple infections in HIV-infected women.
authors.affiliation: Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital Premises, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune 411001, India; Prayas Health Group, Amrita Clinic, Athwale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jayalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Prayas Health Group, Amrita Clinic, Athwale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital Premises, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune 411001, India.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Divate
authors.affiliation: Screening Group (SCR), Early Detection & Prevention Section (EDP), International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muwonge
authors.affiliation: Infections and Cancer Biology Group, Infections Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gheit
authors.affiliation: Infections and Cancer Biology Group, Infections Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tommasino
authors.affiliation: Screening Group (SCR), Early Detection & Prevention Section (EDP), International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France. Electronic address: sankarr@iarc.fr.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sankaranarayanan
authors.affiliation: Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pillai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
keywords: Cervical cancer; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); Control; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Human papillomavirus (HPV); Prevention; Screening