title: Previous infection with Staphylococcus aureus strains attenuated experimental encephalomyelitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators that can activate T cells with specificity for antigens of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we compared the effect of two S. aureus strains on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. C57BL/6 female mice were infected with S. aureus ATCC 51650, which produces toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1+) or S. aureus ATCC 43300, which does not produce toxins (TOX-). Three days later, the animals were subjected to EAE induction by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The weight variation, disease incidence and clinical score were recorded daily. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the brain were evaluated during the acute disease phase. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and histopathological analysis of the CNS were assessed during the chronic stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Previous infection with both strains similarly decreased the clinical score; however, only the TSST-1+ strain clearly diminished inflammation in the CNS. The infections also modulated cytokine production in the spleen and CNS. Reduced production of IL-5 and IL-10 was detected in MOG-stimulated spleen cultures in the TOX- and TSST-1+ infected groups, respectively. In S. aureus stimulated cultures, there was an increased production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in both infected groups and an increased level of IL-5 in the TSST-1+ group. CNS infiltrating cell cultures from previously infected mice produced less IL-17 in response to MOG and more IFN-γ in response to S. aureus stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that both strains attenuated clinical EAE manifestations, but only TSST-1 clearly decreased CNS inflammation.
authors.forename: Thais Graziela Donegá
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: França
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiuso-Minicucci
authors.forename: Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zorzella-Pezavento
authors.forename: Larissa Lumi Watanabe
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Larissa Camargo
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.forename: Priscila Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Colavite
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Maura Rosane Valério
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. sartori@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Alexandrina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sartori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins