title: Towards nanomedicines for neuroAIDS.
abstract: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in remarkable decline in the morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, controlling HIV infections still remain a global health priority. HIV access to the CNS serves as the natural viral preserve because most antiretroviral (ARV) drugs possess inadequate or zero delivery across the brain barriers. Thus, development of target-specific, effective, safe, and controllable drug-delivery approach is an important health priority for global elimination of AIDS progression. Emergence of nanotechnology in medicine has shown exciting prospect for development of novel drug delivery systems to administer the desired therapeutic levels of ARV drugs in the CNS. Neuron-resuscitating and/or antidependence agents may also be delivered in the brain through nanocarriers to countercheck the rate of neuronal degradation during HIV infection. Several nanovehicles such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been intensively explored. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles and monocytes/macrophages have also been used as carrier to improve the delivery of nanoformulated ARV drugs across the blood-brain barrier. Nevertheless, more rigorous research homework has to be elucidated to sort out the shortcomings that affect the target specificity, delivery, release, and/or bioavailability of desired amount of drugs for treatment of neuroAIDS.
authors.affiliation: Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Vidya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.forename: Sudheesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilakka-Kanthikeel
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pottathil
authors.forename: Shailendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Madhavan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000188:drug therapy*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers