title: Massive mobilization of dendritic cells during influenza A virus subtype H5N1 infection of nonhuman primates.
abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection is characterized by a marked inflammatory response, but the impact of infection on dendritic cells (DCs) is unknown. We show that influenza A virus subtype H5N1 infection rapidly and profoundly impacts DCs in cynomolgus macaques, increasing the number of blood myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs by 16- and 60-fold, respectively. Infection was associated with recruitment, activation, and apoptosis of DCs in lung-draining lymph nodes; granulocyte and macrophage infiltration in lungs was also detected, together with expression of CXCL10. This degree of DC mobilization is unprecedented in viral infection and suggests a potential role for DCs in the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Research.
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Soloff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology.
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bissel
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology.
authors.forename: Beth Fallert
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Junecko
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Research.
authors.forename: Brendan M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology.
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Reinhart
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Research Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics.
authors.forename: Ted M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Research Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barratt-Boyes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000821:virology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10
keywords: cynomolgus macaque; highly pathogenic avian influenza; inflammation; innate immunity; viral pathogenesis