title: Temporal and spatial variation in polychlorinated biphenyl chiral signatures of the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) and its arctic marine food web.
abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) chiral signatures were measured in Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) and their potential prey in arctic marine food webs from Canada (Cumberland Sound) and Europe (Svalbard) to assess temporal and spatial variation in PCB contamination at the stereoisomer level. Marine mammals had species-specific enantiomer fractions (EFs), likely due to a combination of in vivo biotransformation and direct trophic transfer. Greenland sharks from Cumberland Sound in 2007-2008 had similar EFs to those sharks collected a decade ago in the same location (PCBs 91, 136 and 149) and also similar to their conspecifics from Svalbard for some PCB congeners (PCBs 95, 136 and 149). However, other PCB EFs in the sharks varied temporally (PCB 91) or spatially (PCB 95), suggesting a possible spatiotemporal variation in their diets, since biotransformation capacity was unlikely to have varied within this species from region to region or over the time frame studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Fisk
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Kit M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lydersen
authors.affiliation: Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregg T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Tomy
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosenburg
authors.affiliation: Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Bailey C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: McMeans
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Derek C G
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson College for the Environment, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. Electronic address: wong.charles.shiu@alum.mit.edu.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D001711:Biotransformation; D002170:Canada; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D020387:Food Chain; D006116:Greenland; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism*; D012754:Sharks / Q000378:metabolism*; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013538:Svalbard; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032904:2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C010498:2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl
keywords: Arctic food webs; Chiral PCBs; Enantiomer fractions variation; Greenland shark