title: Phthalate intake by infants calculated from biomonitoring data.
abstract: Urine samples (n=207) of 47 infants between 1- and 5-month of age were quantitated for 12 metabolites of 7 phthalates and compared with samples collected from the mothers of the infants at different time points. Median and 95-percentile were lower for all metabolites in urine samples of infants compared to mothers. For di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) the 95-percentile daily intake was 23.3μg/kg b.w. for mothers and 5.4μg/kg b.w. for infants and for di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) 10.1μg/kg b.w. and 8.5μg/kg b.w. Some values exceeded the corresponding tolerable daily intake (TDI) for DiBP for infants and mothers and for DEHP and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) only for mothers. Both, infants and mothers are able to efficiently form phase II metabolites but infants with a slightly lower degree. Therefore, a distinguished risk assessment with respect to the formed toxic metabolites of phthalates would be necessary in combination with a reduction of the most toxic phthalates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Wolfgang.Voelkel@lgl.bayern.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Völkel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiranoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fromme
mesh_terms: D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009035:Mothers; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; C025605:diisobutyl phthalate
keywords: Biomonitoring; Infants; Phthalates; Risk assessment; Urinary excretion