title: Rapid detection of subtype B avian metapneumoviruses using RT-PCR restriction endonuclease digestion indicates field circulation of vaccine-derived viruses in older turkeys.
abstract: Live vaccines predominantly control avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) infection in poultry flocks, but vaccine virus can be found for extended periods after application. The most frequently used aMPV vaccine in Italy, VCO3 subtype B, was shown to contain a unique Tru9I restriction endonuclease site within the amplicons produced by a commonly used aMPV diagnostic reverse transcriptase (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of European and database logged subtype B aMPV sequences confirmed that the sequence occurred only in the VC03 vaccine. A subsequent RT-PCR restriction endonuclease study of field samples, collected from turkeys between 2007 and 2012, detected subtype B vaccine-derived strains in 12 of 90 samples tested that were collected from birds under 12 weeks of age.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , University of Bologna , Ozzano Emilia , Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Listorti
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lupini
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cecchinato
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pesente
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giovanardi
authors.forename: Clive J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Catelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D014422:Turkeys; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes