title: Lifetime growth and risk of testicular cancer.
abstract: Adult height is associated with testicular cancer risk. We studied to what extent this association is explained by parental height, childhood height and age at puberty. We conducted a case-control study on germ-cell testicular cancer patients diagnosed in 1997-2008 and resident in the Province of Turin. Information was collected using mailed questionnaires in 2008-2011. Specifically, we asked for adult height (in cm), height at age 9 and 13 (compared to peers) and age at puberty (compared to peers). We also asked for paternal and maternal height (in cm) as indicators of genetic components of adult height. The analysis included 255 cases and 459 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) of testicular cancer were estimated for the different anthropometric variables. Adult height was associated with testicular cancer risk [OR: 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.31 per 5-cm increase]. The risk of testicular cancer was only slightly increased for being taller vs. shorter than peers at age 9 (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 0.91-2.64) or age 13 (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.78-2.01), and parental height was not associated with testicular cancer risk. The OR for adult height was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.12-1.56) after adjustment for parental height. Among participants with small average parental height (<167 cm or less), the OR of testicular cancer for tall (>180 cm) vs. short (<174 cm) subjects was 3.47 (95% CI: 1.60-7.51). These results suggest that the association between height and testicular cancer is likely to be explained by environmental factors affecting growth in early life, childhood and adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richiardi
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vizzini
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.forename: Nereo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Segnan
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gillio-Tos
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiano
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: Libero
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lista
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merletti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: case-control study; growth; height; puberty; testicular cancer