title: Superficial esophageal lesions detected by endoscopic ultrasound enhanced with submucosal edema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there is consistency between endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) findings and pathological results for detecting lesions of different depth in the esophageal mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A canine (Beagle) model was established in which lesions of different depths were created in the esophageal mucosa by thermal burning. Seventy-two hours later, these lesions and adjacent tissue in the esophagus were examined by EUS. EUS findings including infiltrating depth, strength of echogenicity and homogeneity were recorded. Dogs were sacrificed and tissue specimens were obtained. We then compared the EUS findings with the pathology reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thermal burns created at different power settings caused lesions of different depth in the esophageal mucosa. When the echo strength was shifted from high, medium, to low echogenicity, an increase in the infiltrating depth of the lesion was noted, which coincided with results of the pathology examination. Obvious submucosal edema visualized by EUS was also detected by pathology. Furthermore, because of the enhancement caused by the submucosal edema, the lesions invading into the submucosa were easily visualized by EUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is consistency between EUS findings and pathological results of esophageal lesions with different depths. Submucosal edema can serve as an ultrasonic contrast agent.
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Long-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Yu
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Jian-Jun Li, Long-Jun He, Hong-Bo Shan, Li-Ming Chen, Guo-Liang Xu, Xiao-Hai Li, Xin-Xin Huang, Guang-Yu Luo, Yin Li, Rong Zhang, Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D019160:Endosonography; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Canine; Endoscopic ultrasound; Esophagus; Lesion; Pathology