title: Clinicians' views on low-lying intrauterine devices or systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of consensus and very little published guidance on the management of a low-lying or malpositioned intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) or system (IUS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A short e-mail questionnaire sent to senior medical staff working in contraceptive services confirmed the variation in views and management of this clinical area. Almost all respondents would replace an IUD/IUS lying either totally or partially in the cervical canal. The nearer the device was to the fundus the more likely respondents were to leave it in situ and there was less concern if the device was an IUS, presumably in view of the hormonal action. In the presence of abnormal bleeding or pain, most respondents would look for other causes rather than assume that the low-lying device was to blame. Respondents expressed uncertainty as to whether low-lying devices were more likely to fail or not and around half the respondents felt that low-lying devices could migrate upwards within the cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey highlighted the need for accurate evidence-based guidance to assist in this area of clinical contraceptive practice.
authors.affiliation: Specialist Registrar, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Golightly
authors.forename: Ailsa E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gebbie
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006282:Health Personnel; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D058736:Intrauterine Device Migration; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010465:Perception; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: Education and Training; Intrauterine Devices; Intrauterine Systems