title: An association between central aortic pressure and subclinical organ damage of the heart among a general Japanese cohort: Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to investigate associations between central aortic pressure (CAP) and subclinical organ damage of the heart amongst the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study in a community-based population, consisting of 3002 men and women aged between 40 and 79 years. The CAP was measured using the HEM-9000AI device, an automated tonometer. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were read according to the Minnesota Code. Subclinical organ damage in the heart was defined as measurable left high amplitude R waves (LHAR), major and minor ST-T abnormalities, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of LHAR, major and minor ST-T abnormalities, and LVH was higher for subjects in the highest tertile of CAP levels than those in the lowest tertile. After further adjustments for other cardiovascular risk factors, these associations did not change substantially. The multivariable odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of LHAR, major and minor ST-T abnormalities, and LVH for the highest tertile of CAP levels compared to the lowest tertile were 2.7(1.9-3.9), 1.8(1.1-2.9), 1.7(1.3-2.3) and 3.2(1.3-8.1), respectively. The positive associations with LHAR and minor ST-T abnormalities were observed primarily among non-hypertensive subjects. The respective corresponding ORs were 2.8(1.7-4.6) and 1.7(1.2-2.4) for non-hypertensive subjects, and 1.7(0.9-3.3) and 1.1(0.7-1.8) for hypertensive subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAP levels were associated with subclinical organ damage of the heart independent of cardiovascular risk factors, and these associations were primarily seen in non-hypertensive subjects.
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: cui@pbhel.med.osaka.-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Renzhe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuanying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krisztina
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, and Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ami, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umesawa
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imano
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.affiliation: Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyama
authors.affiliation: Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Center for Welfare Support, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hitsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Doctoral Program in Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.affiliation: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D044466:Asian People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000473:pathology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Central aortic pressure; Epidemiology; Subclinical organ damage of heart