title: Management of complex long bone nonunions using limb reconstruction system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of complex nonunions is difficult due to the presence of infection, deformities, shortening and multiple surgeries in the past. Complex nonunions are traditionally managed by Ilizarov fixation. The disadvantages of Ilizarov are poor patient compliance, inconvenience of the frame and difficult frame construction. We conducted a study on 30 long bone complex nonunions treated by the limb reconstruction system (LRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2009 and September 2012, we treated 30 cases of complex nonunion of long bone with the LRS. 28 were male and 2 females. Average shortening was 5.06 cm and 14 cases presented with infected implants. Initially we managed with implant removal, radical debridement followed by fixation with the LRS. In 16 cases, corticotomy and lengthening was done. The average duration of treatment was 9.68 months. We compressed the fracture site at the rate of 0.25 mm per day for 1-2 weeks and distracted the corticotomy at the rate of 1 mm/day till lengthening was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The union occurred in 89.28% cases and eradication of infection in 91.66% cases. Average lengthening done was 4.57 cm. We had 79% excellent, 11% good and 10% poor bony result and fnctional result was excellent in 40% cases, good in 50% and failure in 10% cases using ASAMI scoring system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRS is an alternative to the Ilizarov fixation in their management of complex nonunion of long bones. It is less cumbersome to the patient and more surgeon and patient friendly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Whitefield, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Hiranya Kumar
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Seenappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Whitefield, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Manoj Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Whitefield, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Muralidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narasimhaiah
keywords: Complex nonunion; corticotomy; limb reconstruction system