title: Association between ambient temperature and blood pressure and blood pressure regulators: 1831 hypertensive patients followed up for three years.
abstract: Several studies have suggested an association between ambient air temperature and blood pressure. However, this has not been reliably confirmed by longitudinal studies. Also, whether the reaction to temperature stimulation is modified by other factors such as antihypertensive medication is rarely investigated. The present study explores the relationship between ambient temperature and blood pressure, without and with antihypertensive medication, in a study of 1,831 hypertensive patients followed up for three years, in two or four weekly check ups, accumulating 62,452 follow-up records. Both baseline and follow-up blood pressure showed an inverse association with ambient temperature, which explained 32.4% and 65.6% of variation of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05) respectively. The amplitude of individual blood pressure fluctuation with temperature throughout a year (a 29 degrees centigrade range) was 9.4/7.3 mmHg. Medication with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril attenuated the blood pressure fluctuation by 2.4/1.3 mmHg each year, though the inverse association of temperature and blood pressure remained. Gender, drinking behavior and body mass index were also found to modify the association between temperature and diastolic blood pressure. The results indicate that ambient temperature may negatively regulate blood pressure. Hypertensive patients should monitor and treat blood pressure more carefully in cold days, and it could be especially important for the males, thinner people and drinkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China ; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jinwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Canqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dafang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Siyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001552:Benzazepines; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001552:Benzazepines; C044946:benazepril