title: The prevalence of Hypogonadism among diabetic and non-diabetic men in Jordan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the prevalence of hypogonadism among diabetic and non-diabetic men in Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 1717 men (1089 participants with type 2 diabetes and 628 non-diabetic subjects). Both groups were inquired to answer the Androgen Deficiency for aging male (ADAM) questionnaire. Early morning Total testosterone, prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, follicle stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone, HbA1c and fasting blood sugar were measured. Hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone <3 ng/ml and calculated free testosterone <5 ng/dl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of Hypogonadism among all study participants was 18.5%. The prevalence of Hypogonadism in diabetic and non-diabetic men was 24.3% and 8.3%, respectively. The mean (SD) total testosterone concentration of diabetic and non-diabetic men was 3.78 ng/ml (1.7) and 4.92 ng/ml (2.5), respectively (P- value <0.005). In response to (ADAM) questionnaire, 19.8% of diabetics and 3% of the non-diabetics had symptomatic androgen deficiency (P value <0.005). Hypogonadism and symptomatic androgen deficiency were negatively and significantly related to diabetes, monthly income and age (P value <0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypogonadism is a prevalent disorder among Jordanian diabetic population. Symptoms of androgen deficiency should be corroborated with testosterone level to establish a multidisciplinary approach for management of hypogonadism.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, P.O. Box 13165, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: ayman.alhayek@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ayman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al Hayek
authors.affiliation: National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, P.O. Box 13165, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: nahlakhawaja@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nahla M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Khawaja
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. Electronic address: yskhader@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Yousef S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Khader
authors.affiliation: National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, P.O. Box 13165, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: saharjaffal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sahar K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jaffal
authors.affiliation: National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, P.O. Box 13165, Amman 11942, Jordan. Electronic address: ajlouni@ju.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Kamel M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ajlouni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D011388:Prolactin
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Hypogonadism; Jordan; Prevalence; Testosterone