title: Calcium hydroxyl-apatite (Radiesse) for the correction of periorbital hollows, dark circles, and lower eyelid bags.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the authors experience with calcium hydroxyl-apatite (CaHa) injections for the aesthetic correction of tear trough, infraorbital hollows, deep upper sulcus, dark circles and lower eyelid bags.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 63 patients (127 eyelids) injected with CaHa for aesthetic rejuvenation of the periocular region between March 2012 and March 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. All injections were carried out using a 25-gauge cannula after adding 0.5 ml of 2% lidocaine to 1.5 ml vials of the original product. Postoperative visits were scheduled at 1 week and 1 month. Any previous treatment was recorded, and necessity of retreatments and side effects was evaluated. Patient satisfaction was recorded at 1 month with self-evaluation of the treatment result as "worsened," "unchanged," or "improved." Standard pre- and postinjection photographs were taken and compared to analyze the success of the procedure. Pictures were retrospectively graded by the authors on a similar improvement scale of 1 (worse), 2 (no change), and 3 (improvement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight/sixty-three patients were women (92%), with an average age of 42 years (range; 18-57 years). Chief complaints were "hollows" in 94% of patients, "dark circles" in 33%, lower eyelid "bags" in 17%, and deep upper sulcus in 4.7%. Twenty-three patients (36.5%) required an additional correction 1 month after the primary treatment. Satisfaction was as high as 98% among patients treated primarily for hollowness, and the overall satisfaction rate was 92%. Associated dark circles were satisfactorily treated in 68% of the patients. Temporary side effects involved mild erythema and swelling for 2 to 3 days and pseudoxanthalesma effect in 22 eyelids (17.4%) lasting <6 weeks. In 2 patients, erythema lasted longer than 4 weeks. The 2 worse complications in this series were migration of the product above the medial canthal tendon in 1 patient and overcorrection in another patient. These complications were all managed conservatively and resolved spontaneously within 6 to 8 weeks. No case of irregular contour, palpable lumpiness, or unevenness were encountered. In the end, only 1 patient thought she was worsened after the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of the periocular region with CaHa injections is a safe and effective treatment with high patient satisfaction and low complication rate. Advanced technical skills may have to be acquired for the specific treatment of this area using this particulate material.
authors.affiliation: *Oculoplastica Bernardini, Genova, Italy; †Ophthalmology Department, Dunyagoz Ankara Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey; and ‡Consultores Oftalmológicos, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Francesco P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: Altug
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Devoto
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zambelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000187:drug effects*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite