title: Bioimpedance spectroscopy for the detection of fluid overload in Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluid overload probably contributes to the cardiovascular risk of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We studied the relationship between over-hydration as determined by bioimpedance spectroscopy and dialysis adequacy, nutritional status, and arterial stiffness in Chinese PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 122 asymptomatic prevalent PD patients: bioimpedance spectroscopy, arterial pulse wave velocity, dialysis adequacy and nutritional status were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 122 patients, 88 (72.1%) had over-hydration of ≥ 1 L, while 25 (20.5%) were ≥ 5 L. Over-hydration significantly correlated with total body water (r = 0.474, p < 0.001) and extracellular water (r = 0.755, p < 0.001). Over-hydration was more severe in male and diabetic patients, and significantly correlated with Charlson's comorbidity score, blood pressure, body mass index, body weight, peritoneal transport characteristics, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Over-hydration significantly correlated with Kt/V (r = -0.287, p = 0.016), serum albumin level (r = -0.465, p < 0.001) and malnutrition inflammation score (r = 0.410, p = 0.006), but not residual renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over-hydration is common in asymptomatic Chinese PD patients. The degree of over-hydration is particularly pronounced in patients who are inadequately dialyzed, have multiple comorbid conditions and low serum albumin levels. Over-hydration is associated with high blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and may contribute to the excessive risk of cardiovascular disease in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Bonnie Ching-Ha
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Cheuk-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Man-Ching
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Mei Shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Chi-Bon
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wing-Fai
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Vickie Wai-Ki
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Philip Kam-Tao
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism
keywords: Peritoneal dialysis; body composition monitor; fluid overload