title: Ocular surface and tear film abnormalities in women under adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer with the 5-Fluorouracil, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide (FEC) regimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study possible ocular surface and lacrimal drainage changes in women being on adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil 600 mg/m2, Epirubicin 60-90 mg/m(2), Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2) (FEC) regimen for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty one consecutive women with early stage breast cancer (median age 58 years - interquartile range 22) were included in this study. They all underwent mastectomy followed by 6 cycles of tri-weekly administration of FEC regimen and were free of ocular surface, eyelid and tear film symptomatic disease at baseline. None of them had pre- or coexisting treatment with other chemotherapeutic agent or radiotherapy. Slit lamp examination of the ocular surface, Schirmer test I (without topical anesthesia) and tears Break up Time test (BUT) were performed before the initiation of treatment and immediately after the third therapeutic cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 61 women 39.34% had significant conjunctival hyperemia, 41.0% lid margin abnormalities, 4.92% blepharitis, 6.56% madarosis, 3.28% punctate epithelial keratopathy and 4.92% oedema of the lower punctum mucosal opening after three chemotherapeutic cycles. Mean BUT measures were found lower after the third chemotherapeutic cycle (p=0.001) but mean Schirmer test I values were higher after the third chemotherapeutic cycle (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women on chemotherapy with FEC regimen are more susceptible to develop ocular surface and tear film alterations, within the first three cycles of chemotherapy for breast cancer, and thus, prompt ophthalmological evaluation may be proven beneficial for early diagnosis and management of the induced ocular disease.
authors.affiliation: 1 University Ophthalmology Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karamitsos
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kokkas
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goulas
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, Theageneio Cancer Hospital.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paraskevopoulos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gougoulias
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karampatakis
authors.affiliation: 1 University Ophthalmology Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boboridis
keywords: 5-fluorouracil; Breast cancer; chemotherapy; cyclophosphamide; epirubicin; ocular surface; tear film