title: Sputtered bismuth screen-printed electrode: a promising alternative to other bismuth modifications in the voltammetric determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in groundwater.
abstract: A commercially available sputtered bismuth screen-printed electrode (BispSPE) has been pioneeringly applied for the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in a certified groundwater sample by means of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) as an alternative to more conventional bismuth screen-printed carbon electrodes (BiSPCEs). BispSPEs can be used for a large set of measurements without any previous plating or activation. The obtained detection and quantification limits suggest that BispSPEs produce a better analytical performance as compared to In-situ BiSPCE for Pb(II) and Cd(II) determination, but also to Ex-situ BiSPCE for Cd(II) determination. The results confirm the applicability of these devices for the determination of low level concentrations of these metal ions in natural samples with very high reproducibility (0.7% and 2.5% for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively), and good trueness (0.3% and 2.4% for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively).
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Velia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sosa
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: cristina.arino@ub.edu.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ariño
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Díaz-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D004566:Electrodes; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D001729:Bismuth
keywords: Bismuth screen-printed electrodes; Bismuth sputtered electrodes; Metal analysis; Stripping voltammetry