title: Using crowdsourcing to compare temporal, social temporal, and probability discounting among obese and non-obese individuals.
abstract: Previous research comparing obese and non-obese samples on the delayed discounting procedure has produced mixed results. The aim of the current study was to clarify these discrepant findings by comparing a variety of temporal discounting measures in a large sample of internet users (n=1163) obtained from a crowdsourcing service, Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). Measures of temporal, social-temporal (a combination of standard and social temporal), and probability discounting were obtained. Significant differences were obtained on all discounting measures except probability discounting, but the obtained effect sizes were small. These data suggest that larger-N studies will be more likely to detect differences between obese and non-obese samples, and may afford the opportunity, in future studies, to decompose a large obese sample into different subgroups to examine the effect of other relevant measures, such as the reinforcing value of food, on discounting.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Electronic address: wkbickel@vtc.vt.edu.
authors.forename: Warren K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.affiliation: Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Electronic address: arlwilso@vtc.vt.edu.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: George Wilson
authors.affiliation: Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; Virginia Tech, Department of Statistics, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address: chfranck@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.affiliation: Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Electronic address: eldonmueller@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Terry Mueller
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. Electronic address: dpj@ku.edu.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Jarmolowicz
authors.affiliation: Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Electronic address: mickyk@vtc.vt.edu.
authors.forename: Mikhail N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Koffarnus
authors.affiliation: University of New Mexico, 1 University Boulevard, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. Electronic address: sjfede@unm.edu.
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fede
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002755:Choice Behavior; D063045:Crowdsourcing / Q000379:methods*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Crowdsourcing; Decision making; Obesity; Probability discounting; Social discounting; Temporal discounting