title: Protease increases fermentation rate and ethanol yield in dry-grind ethanol production.
abstract: The effects of acid protease and urea addition during the fermentation step were evaluated. The fermentations were also tested with and without the addition of urea to determine if protease altered the nitrogen requirements of the yeast. Results show that the addition of the protease had a statistically significant effect on the fermentation rate and yield. Fermentation rates and yields were improved with the addition of the protease over the corresponding controls without protease. Protease addition either with or with added urea resulted in a higher final ethanol yield than without the protease addition. Urea addition levels >1200 ppm of supplemental nitrogen inhibited ethanol production. The economic effects of the protease addition were evaluated by using process engineering and economic models developed at the Eastern Regional Research Center. The decrease in overall processing costs from protease addition was as high as $0.01/L (4 ¢/gal) of denatured ethanol produced.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Electronic address: david.johnston@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McAloon
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000431:Ethanol; D014508:Urea; D010450:Endopeptidases
keywords: Biofuel; Corn; Ethanol; Fermentation; Protease