title: Neuroprotection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during the acute phase of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils.
abstract: The present study investigates the potential protective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and underlying mechanisms in a gerbil model of global cerebral ischemia. We examined neuronal death, inflammatory reaction and neurogenesis in hippocampus 72 h after transient forebrain ischemia and investigated functional deficits. G-CSF was administered intraperitoneally 24 h before ischemia and then daily. Treatment with G-CSF at 25-50 μg/kg significantly reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus CA1 area but not at 10 ug/kg. G-CSF at 50 μg/kg significantly decreased the level of TNF-α, the number of Iba1 (microglia marker) positive cells and reduced locomotor activity 72 h after transient forebrain ischemia. Furthermore, the number of DCX-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus increased in with G-CSF treatment. Our findings indicate that G-CSF reduces hippocampal neuronal cell death dose-dependently and attenuates sensorimotor deficits after transient forebrain ischemia. These neuroprotective effects of G-CSF may be linked to inhibition of inflammation and possibly increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, Japan. Electronic address: tanakamu@kms.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: Gerbil; Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Inflammation; Ischemia