title: Internal Zn allocation influences Zn deficiency tolerance and grain Zn loading in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
abstract: One of the important factors that influences Zn deficiency tolerance and grain Zn loading in crops is the within-plant allocation of Zn. Three independent experiments were carried out to understand the internal Zn distribution patterns in rice genotypes grown in Zn-sufficient and Zn-deficient agar nutrient solution (ANS). In one of the experiments, two rice genotypes (IR55179 and KP) contrasting in Zn deficiency tolerance were leaf-labeled with (65)Zn. In the other two experiments, two Zn biofortification breeding lines (IR69428 and SWHOO) were either root- or leaf-labeled with (65)Zn. Rice genotype IR55179 showed significantly higher Zn deficiency tolerance than KP at 21 and 42 days after planting. When KP was Zn-deficient, it failed to translocate (65)Zn from the labeled leaf to newly emerging leaves. Similarly, the root-to-shoot translocation of unlabeled Zn was lower in KP than in IR55179. These results suggest that some Zn-efficient rice genotypes have greater ability to translocate Zn from older to actively growing tissues than genotypes sensitive to Zn deficiency. Among the two Zn biofortication breeding lines that were leaf-labeled with (65)Zn at 10 days before panicle initiation stage, (65)Zn distribution in the grains at maturity was similar between both genotypes in Zn-sufficient conditions. However, under Zn-deficient conditions, SWHOO accumulated significantly higher (65)Zn in grains than IR69428, indicating that SWHOO is a better remobilizer than IR69428. When the roots of these two Zn biofortication breeding lines were exposed to (65)Zn solution at 10 days after flowering, IR69428 showed higher root uptake of (65)Zn than SWHOO in Zn-sufficient conditions, but (65)Zn allocation in the aerial parts of the plant was similar between both genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute Metro Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Somayanda M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Impa
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental System Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gramlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental System Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tandy
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental System Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental System Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frossard
authors.affiliation: Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute Metro Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Johnson-Beebout
keywords: Zn biofortification; Zn deficiency tolerance; Zn remobilization; continued root uptake; grain Zn; grain Zn loading; rice