title: Bipolar latissimus transfer for restoration of elbow flexion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elbow flexion is often lacking in patients with brachial plexus palsy or anterior arm trauma. Restoring elbow flexion helps position the functioning hand for activity and nonfunctioning hand for stabilization. Bipolar latissimus transfer is one method of improving elbow flexion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical case of bipolar latissimus transfer is presented. Additionally, results of a literature search are incorporated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar latissimus can effectively improve elbow function, however residual deficits are to be expected. Additional transfers include unipolar latissimus, triceps, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis. Other methods include primary nerve transfer, Steindler flexorplasty, free muscle transfer, and elbow fusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elbow flexion can be improved through various techniques. Each individual's clinical picture should be examined by an experienced clinician when choosing which technique to apply.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Sevan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hopyan
keywords: Brachial plexus palsy; Elbow flexion; Flexorplasty; Latissimus; Muscle transfer