title: Impact of Diet, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity on Cancer Survival.
abstract: With the increase in the number of cancer patients worldwide in the coming years, the need for knowledge on the influence of lifestyle factors on cancer survival is increasing. In this paper, the current knowledge on diet, body mass index, and physical activity in relation to cancer outcome is summarized. Also, challenges are identified to be addressed to provide evidence-based recommendations for cancer patients. Studies in patients with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer show that the influence of dietary factors on survival remains to be determined. Adiposity and a lack of physical activity, however, appear to influence cancer outcome negatively. Subsequent studies should focus on more detailed aspects of these lifestyle factors, such as body composition and dose of exercise, and on the timing with respect to diagnosis and treatment. Research should be directed toward investigating diet and physical activity simultaneously and on how changes in health behavior can be established.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 4, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands ; University Medical Centre St. Radboud Nijmegen, and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kampman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vrieling
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 4, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands ; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fränzel J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Duijnhoven
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 4, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Renate M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Winkels
keywords: BMI; Body mass index; Breast cancer; Cancer survival; Colorectal cancer; Diet; Physical activity; Prostate cancer; Survival