title: Fructose promotes the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and accelerates lipid metabolism.
abstract: Excessive fructose consumption and elevated glucocorticoids contribute to metabolic syndrome. We show that fructose as the only carbohydrate source is sufficient for the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes. Differentiation of cells in fructose containing medium resulted in increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) expression and activity. Experiments with transfected HEK-293 cells suggested more efficient NADPH generation by fructose compared with glucose in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Adipocytes differentiated in the presence of fructose showed increased FABP4 expression, C/EBPα to C/EBPβ ratio and lipolysis. Thus, excessive fructose may cause adverse metabolic effects by enhancing 11β-HSD1 activity and increasing lipolysis in adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Legeza
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Balázs
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: alex.odermatt@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odermatt
mesh_terms: D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005947:Glucose; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: C493411:Fabp4 protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005632:Fructose; D042842:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D005947:Glucose
keywords: 11β-HSD; 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogensae; ATGL; Adipocyte; C/EBPα; CCAT/enhancer-binding protein α; DMEM; Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium; ER; F6P; FBS; FFA; Fructose; GLUT5; Glucocorticoid; H6PDH; HPRT; HSL; Lipolysis; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; PPARγ; TLC; adipocyte triglyceride lipase; endoplasmic reticulum; fetal bovine serum; free fatty acids; fructose-6-phosphate; glucose transporter 5; hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; hormone sensitive lipase; hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; thin layer chromatography