title: Discordant clinical presentations of preeclampsia and intrauterine fetal growth restriction with similar pro- and anti-angiogenic profiles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the plasma levels of angiogenic factors in preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and their potential as biomarkers to distinguish normal from pathologic pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case control study included singleton pregnancies in four categories: (i) normal (n = 29), (ii) PE (n = 15), (iii) PE and IUGR (n = 16) and (iv) IUGR (n = 24). The classification of IUGR included umbilical artery Doppler resistance. Maternal plasma placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), soluble kinase domain receptor (sKDR) and soluble endoglin (sEng) as well as fetal umbilical artery sFlt-1 levels were determined. Each individual marker and their ratios were assessed for their potential to distinguish normal pregnancy from pregnancies affected by PE and/or IUGR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found (i) elevated plasma sFlt-1, sEng and reduced PlGF, sKDR in PE and IUGR; (ii) similar angiogenic profiles in PE and IUGR and (iii) sEng and sFlt-1*sEng/PlGF performed best as biomarkers in identifying pathologic pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PE and IUGR have similar angiogenic profiles, suggesting that angiogenic marker profiles lack specificity in identifying PE and that other factors are required for the development of PE instead of IUGR. sEng should be included in a biomarker profile for predicting PE or IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and.
authors.forename: Thushari I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Alahakoon
authors.forename: Weiyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Trudinger
authors.forename: Vincent W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000097:blood*; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D015703:Antigens, CD; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
keywords: Angiogenic factors; fetal growth restriction; preeclampsia