title: Formation and reactivity of the dichloride radical (Cl2(-·)) in surface waters: a modelling approach.
abstract: The occurrence of Cl2(-·) in natural waters would depend on the budget between triplet-sensitised photogeneration (which might have second-order rate constant of 10(7)-10(9) M(-1) s(-1)) and scavenging by dissolved organic matter (DOM, with possible rate constant of 10-10(3) L (mg C)(-1) s(-1)). The steady-state [Cl2(-·)] in brackish to saline waters might be in the range of 10(-14)-10(-12) M in mid-latitude summertime, coherently with data of phenol photochlorination in seawater. Steady-state [Cl2(-·)] would be enhanced by chloride (up to a plateau above 0.1 M Cl(-)) and inhibited by DOM. The radical Cl2(-·) would also be a major oxidant of nitrite to the nitrating agent (·)NO2 in brackish- and salt-water. This issue may explain the sustained formation of nitrophenols in phenol-spiked seawater and in natural brackish waters impacted by phenolic pollutants (Rhône delta, Southern France).
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brigante
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minella
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mailhot
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maurino
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minero
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vione
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005602:France; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000032:analysis; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D005609:Free Radicals; D009573:Nitrites; D009596:Nitrophenols; D016877:Oxidants; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical