title: Neonatal murine macrophages show enhanced chemotactic capacity upon toll-like receptor stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The neonatal surgical patient is threatened by exuberant inflammatory reactions. Neonatal macrophages are key players in this process. We investigated the ability of neonatal macrophages to initiate a local inflammatory reaction upon exposure to different bacterial or viral ligands to toll-like receptors (TLRs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peritoneal wash outs from neonatal (<24 h) and adult (42 days) C57BL/6J mice were gained by peritoneal lavages. In a first set of experiments, macrophages were purified and stimulated for 6 h by four different TLR ligands. mRNA was extracted for transcriptome analysis. In a second set of experiments, lipopolysaccharide was applied into peritoneal cavities. After 6 h of incubation, the cellular composition of the inflamed cavities was evaluated by cytological staining as well as chipcytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neonatal murine peritoneal macrophages differed significantly in the expression of pro- and anti-chemotactic genes. Functional assignment of these genes revealed enhanced chemotactic potential of neonatal macrophages and was confirmed by a higher influx of pro-inflammatory cells into neonatal peritoneal cavities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal peritoneal macrophages demonstrated an enhanced chemotactic potential upon stimulation with four TLR ligands. This was associated with an increased influx of inflammatory cells to the peritoneal cavity. This might contribute to the strong inflammatory responses of neonates and preterms.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany, winterberg.thomas@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winterberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vieten
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feldmann
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ure
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kuebler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors