title: Sodium fluoride mouthrinse used twice daily increased incipient caries lesion remineralization in an in situ model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the remineralizing effects of fluoride mouthrinses used at different times and frequency in addition to fluoride toothpaste.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized crossover single blinded study comprised 4 experimental phases of 21 days each. Twelve orthodontic volunteers were fixed with an orthodontic bracket containing an artificial carious enamel slab, which was from the same tooth in all 4 phases, and were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) brushing with F toothpaste 2× per day (F- brush), (2) F- brush+rinsing with 0.05% NaF (F- rinse) after lunch, (3) F- brush+F-rinse before bedtime, and (4) F- brush+F- rinse 2× per day. Mean mineral gain after each phase was determined from mineral density profiles obtained using Micro-CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean mineral gain in all treatments with F- brush and F-rinse were significantly greater than those in F- brush (p<0.05). Moreover F- rinse 2× per day increased lesion remineralization more than F- rinse once a day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The twice-daily use of 0.05% NaF mouthrinse combined with twice-daily regular use of fluoride toothpaste resulted in the greatest remineralization of incipient caries. These data indicate that rinsing frequency is a factor affecting the effectiveness of fluoride mouthrinse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rinsing frequency of NaF mouthrinse, when used with fluoride toothpaste, also affects the remineralization. This finding, if confirmed by a clinical study, would lead to a new recommendation for fluoride mouthrinse used in high caries risk patients who could benefit from using it twice a day.
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Songsiripradubboon
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. Electronic address: ctrairat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chutima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trairatvorakul
authors.affiliation: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D008903:Minerals; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010710:Phosphates; D014100:Toothpastes; C012980:fluorophosphate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Fluoride; Micro-CT; Mouthrinse; Proximal caries; Remineralization