title: GNB3, eNOS, and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms correlate to natural longevity in a Xinjiang Uygur population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In centenarian populations, application of the positive biology approach (examination of positive phenotypes in aging) has revealed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation accumulation may be linked to human longevity; however, the role of guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) abnormalities modulated by G-protein beta-3 (GNB3) and nitrate (NO2) production associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), commonly appearing in age-related diseases, remains undetermined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The association between the mtDNA 5178A/C, mtDNA 10398A/G, GNB3 C825T, and eNOS polymorphisms and longevity in a Uygur population (Xinjiang region, China) were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 275 experimental subjects aged ≥ 100 or with 4 generations currently living were screened for inclusion in the centenarian (>100 years) and nonagenarian groups (90-100 years), and 112 65-70 year old control subjects were selected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to examine mtDNA 5178A/C, mtDNA 10398A/G, GNB3 C825T, and eNOS. Associations between polymorphic loci, genotypes, and longevity were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  165 included subjects (M∶F = 107∶58; mean age = 97 ± 3 years; mean age 100-113 years) were assigned to the centenarian (M∶F = 46/19; n = 65) and nonagenarian groups (M∶F = 61/39; n = 100). Associations between mtDNA C5178A and A10398G polymorphisms with longevity in the centenarian group with mtDNA genotype frequencies 5178A and 10398G were 66.79% and 36.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying the overwhelming longevity observed in Uygur populations, these findings demonstrate that mtDNA 5178A/C and 10398A/G, GNB3 C825T, and eNOS polymorphisms are useful as a genetic basis for longevity.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine, Xinjiang Uiygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Muyesai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nijiati
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Abulajiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saidaming
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine, Xinjiang Uiygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Zuheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Changchun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D002681:China; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003710:Demography; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; C454420:G-protein beta3 subunit; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins