title: Advances and innovations in brain arteriovenous malformation surgery.
abstract: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are very complex and intriguing pathologies. Since their initial description by Luschka and Virchow in the middle of the 19th century, multiple advances and innovations have revolutionized their management and surgical treatment. Here, we review the historical landmarks in the surgical treatment of AVMs and then illustrate the most recent and futuristic technologies aiming to improve outcomes in AVM surgeries. In particular, we examine potential advances in patient selection, imaging, surgical technique, neuroanesthesia, and postoperative neuro-rehabilitation and quantitative assessments. Finally, we illustrate how concurrent advances in radiosurgery and endovascular techniques might present new opportunities to treat AVMs more safely from a surgical perspective.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Departments of *Neurological Surgery, ‡Radiology, §Otolaryngology, and ¶Anesthesiology, Chicago, Illinois; ‖Northwestern University, McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois; Northwestern University, #Neuropsychology Institute, **Department of Medical Social Sciences, ‡‡Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, and §§Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; ¶¶University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Neurological Surgery, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Bernard R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Bendok
authors.forename: Najib E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: El Tecle
authors.forename: Tarek Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: El Ahmadieh
authors.forename: Antoun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koht
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markl
authors.forename: Randa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sabbagha
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabbagha
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nowinski
authors.forename: Julius P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dewald
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: Duke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.forename: H Hunt
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Batjer
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome