title: Relevance of current guidelines in the management of VUR.
abstract: In recent years, there have been fundamental changes in the understanding of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). This is reflected by current international guidelines that cover diagnosis, screening, and treatment of VUR. However, literature is still lacking and many questions are unsolved. In this article, we shortly review the important aspects of the current guidelines. Due to the lack of high-powered randomized controlled trials, guidelines often are based on an expert's opinion rather than evidence. In this review article, we address the controversies in the management of VUR; siblings and children with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis and the management of a patient with VUR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an individualized approach and patient risk stratification, the goal today must be to address the clinical problem, avoid unnecessary tests, and provide good quality of life for the patient and parents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Ramnath
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*