title: The influence of sulfathiazole on the macroalgae Ulva lactuca.
abstract: Sulfonamides (SA) are a class of antibiotics routinely found in environmental matrices and therefore their role as contaminants should be investigated in non-target organisms. With this purpose the present experimental work has evaluated the exposure of the chlorophycean Ulva lactuca L. to sulfathiazole (STZ), a SA drug commonly used in aquaculture, at two concentrations representing prophylactic (25 μg mL(-1)) and therapeutic (50 μg mL(-1)) administrations. Results showed that STZ exhibits high stability in seawater with only 18% degradation over the 5d assay at both dosages tested. Also, macroalgae demonstrated an efficient uptake capacity with constant internal concentrations after 24h regardless of the external solutions and thus should be considered as a bioindicator species in risk assessment. Both STZ concentrations induced a slight inhibition of the macroalgae growth after 96 h.
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: saraleston@ci.uc.pt.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leston
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Viegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nebot
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cepeda
authors.affiliation: CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel Ângelo
authors.initials: MÂ
authors.lastname: Pardal
authors.affiliation: CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D004355:Drug Stability; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D020387:Food Chain; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012624:Seaweed / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000077589:Sulfathiazole; D013432:Sulfathiazoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D044445:Ulva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013432:Sulfathiazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000077589:Sulfathiazole
keywords: Antibiotic; Bioindicators; Contamination; Macroalgae; Sulfathiazole; Ulva lactuca