title: Cinepazide maleate protects PC12 cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury.
abstract: Our previous study showed that cinepazide maleate (CM) was as effective and safe as mildronate in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled phase II multicenter trial, but underlying mechanism(s) is not well understood. As an extending study, here we demonstrated that CM could protect neuronal cells by affecting mitochondrial functions. PC12 cells were exposed to 2.5 h oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by a 24 h reoxygenation, and then treated with different concentrations (1, 10, 100 μM) of CM. Among various concentrations, 10 μM CM exhibited most significant protection on PC12 cells against OGD injury. CM was found to suppress OGD-induced oxidative stress, as supported by its capability of reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production and enhancing superoxide dismutase activity. Importantly, our results showed that CM could preserve mitochondrial functions, as revealed by its capability of stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential, improving OGD-induced suppression of mitochondrial respiratory complex activities and enhancing ATP production. In summary, our present study provides the first evidence that CM can protect neuronal cells against OGD injury by preserving mitochondrial functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle-Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China, cczhaojuncc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yun-Xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lize
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005947:Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010879:Piperazines; C026896:cinepazide; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen