title: Biotechnology and genetic engineering in the new drug development. Part I. DNA technology and recombinant proteins.
abstract: Pharmaceutical biotechnology has a long tradition and is rooted in the last century, first exemplified by penicillin and streptomycin as low molecular weight biosynthetic compounds. Today, pharmaceutical biotechnology still has its fundamentals in fermentation and bioprocessing, but the paradigmatic change affected by biotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences has led to an updated definition. The biotechnology revolution redrew the research, development, production and even marketing processes of drugs. Powerful new instruments and biotechnology related scientific disciplines (genomics, proteomics) make it possible to examine and exploit the behavior of proteins and molecules. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technologies (genetic, protein, and metabolic engineering) allow the production of a wide range of peptides, proteins, and biochemicals from naturally nonproducing cells. This technology, now approximately 25 years old, is becoming one of the most important technologies developed in the 20(th) century. Pharmaceutical products and industrial enzymes were the first biotech products on the world market made by means of rDNA. Despite important advances regarding rDNA applications in mammalian cells, yeasts still represent attractive hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. In this review we describe these processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL 50-370 Wrocław, Poland. s.lochynski@wsf.wroc.pl; mflibrow@cyf-kr.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stryjewska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiepura
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Librowski
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lochyński
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D023281:Genomics; D006397:Hematinics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D040901:Proteomics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006397:Hematinics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D061386:Insulin, Regular, Human; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068256:Darbepoetin alfa; D013004:Somatostatin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator