title: Comparison of ESBL--and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from migratory and resident population of rooks (Corvus frugilegus) in Austria.
abstract: In order to test whether rooks (Corvus frugilegus) represent good indicators for the potential circulation of antibiotics in their native habitat, two populations with different migratory behavior were tested for the presence of beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In all, 54 and 102 samples of fresh feces of a migratory and a resident population were investigated. A total of 24 and 3 cefotaxime-resistant enterobacterial isolates were obtained from the migratory and resident population, respectively. In these isolates CTX-M-1 (n = 15), CTX-M-3 (n = 3), and CTX-M-15 (n = 3) genes were detected. TEM-1 and OXA-1 were associated with CTX-M in 3 and 2 isolates, respectively. In two E. coli isolates CMY-2 could be detected, where from one isolate displayed an overexpression of chromosomal AmpC as well. Among E. coli isolates the most common phylogenetic group was A (n = 11) and ST1683 (n = 5). In one E. coli of B2-ST131 the rfbO25b locus was detected. Three Enterobacter isolates were stably derepressed AmpC-producers. In five samples of the migratory population, PVL positive MRSA could be isolated. Two isolates were typed SCCmec IVa, spa type t127, and ST1. Three isolates carried a SCCmec type IVc, with spa type t852 and ST22. The highly significant difference of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance between the migratory population from eastern Europe compared to resident population in our study indicates that rooks may be good indicator species for the evaluation of environmental contamination with antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially due to their ecology, foraging behavior and differing migratory behavior.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Loncaric
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gabrielle L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Stalder
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mehinagic
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosengarten
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoelzl
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knauer
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walzer
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001317:Austria; D046368:Crows; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D000667:Ampicillin; D001618:beta-Lactamases