title: Comparison of the effectiveness of combination of fennel extract/vitamin E with ibuprofen on the pain intensity in students with primary dysmenorrhea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic disorder affecting as many as 60% of menstruating women. In the United States, work absenteeism due to dysmenorrhea is estimated to be 600 million work hours per year, and the economic consequences are estimated at $2 billion per year; therefore, it is a public problem nowadays.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of combination of fennel extract/vitamin E with ibuprofen on the intensity of pain in primary dysmenorrhea among the students of Tabriz city in 2007-2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was done by using double-blinded quasi-experimental research method. After taking the required licenses from ethics committee, 68 students from Medical and Tabriz universities, who were living in the dormitory, suffering from primary dysmenorrhea, and were eligible for the study, were randomly divided into two groups of 34 students each (the two groups used combination of fennel extract/vitamin E and ibuprofen cross-over form in the 2 months). We used Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) tool for ranking the intensity of the pain. Data analysis was done by using SPSS Ver. 14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of peak pain intensity in the first, second, third, sixth, and forty-eighth hours in the group that had used combination of fennel extract/vitamin E was lower than the group that had used ibuprofen, and statistical differences were observed between the two groups in the first and second hours; combination of fennel extract/vitamin E was more effective than ibuprofen in the first hour (P < 0.03) and second hour (P < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of fennel extract/vitamin E is effective on decreasing the intensity of pain of primary dysmenorrhea, and it is advised to those who cannot use chemical drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Midwifery, Kosar Department of Shahid Motahhary Hospital, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasehi
authors.affiliation: Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran.
authors.forename: Fahimeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sehhatie
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zamanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug and Applied Research Centre, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Javadzadeh
authors.affiliation: Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahman Mohammady
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Chongheralu
keywords: Fennel; ibuprofen; primary dysmenorrhea; vitamin E