title: Optimization of balloon obstruction for simulating equivalent pressure drop in physiological stenoses.
abstract: The study of hemodynamics in an animal model simulating coronary stenosis has been limited due to the lack of a safe, accurate and reliable technique for creating an artificial stenosis. Creating artificial stenosis using occluders in an open-chest procedure has often caused myocardial infarction (MI) or severe injury to the vessel resulting in high failure rates. To minimize these issues, closed-chest procedures with internal balloon obstruction are often used to create an artificial stenosis. However, the hemodynamics in a blood vessel with internal balloon obstruction versus a physiological stenosis has not been compared. Hence, the aim of this research is to develop a relationship to predict the balloon obstruction equivalent to that of a physiological stenosis. The pressure drop in a balloon obstruction was evaluated and compared with that in a physiological stenosis. It was observed that the flow characteristics in balloon obstructions are more viscous dominated, whereas those in physiological stenoses are momentum dominated. Balloon radius was iteratively varied using a Design of Experiments (DOE) based optimization method to obtain a pressure drop equal to that of a physiological stenosis at mean hyperemic flow rates. A linear relation was obtained to predict equivalent balloon obstruction for a physiological stenosis. Further, the details were verified with our in vivo (animal) study data.
authors.affiliation: School of Dynamic Systems, Mechanical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kranthi K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kolli
authors.affiliation: School of Dynamic Systems, Mechanical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Anup K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lloyd H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Back
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Effat
authors.affiliation: School of Dynamic Systems, Mechanical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Rupak K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000379:methods*; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000150:complications
keywords: Internal balloon obstruction; physiological stenosis; pressure drop