title: The relationship between asthma and bronchiolitis is modified by TLR4, CD14, and IL-13 polymorphisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma is a complex genetic disorder that is associated with both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of study was to investigate the combined effect of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) polymorphisms and bronchiolitis in the development of childhood asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to survey 1,341 elementary school children and 919 nursery children in Seoul, Korea. TLR4 (rs1927911), CD14 (rs2569190), and IL-13 (rs20541) polymorphisms were genotyped by the TaqMan assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In elementary school and nursery children, parental history of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.56 [95% CI 1.16-5.63], aOR 3.60 [95% CI 1.66-7.76], respectively), and past history of bronchiolitis (aOR 3.11 [95% CI 1.84-5.24], aOR 3.94 [95% CI 2.27-6.84], respectively) were independent risk factors for asthma diagnosis. When compared to children with each CC of TLR4 polymorphism or TT of CD14 polymorphism or GG of IL13 polymorphism and no past history of bronchiolitis, children with CT or TT of TLR4 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 4.23 and 5.34 times higher risk to develop asthma, respectively; children with TT of CD14 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.57 and 7.22 times higher risk for asthma, respectively; children with GA or AA of IL-13 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.21 and 4.13 times higher risk for asthma, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family history of asthma or allergic rhinitis and past history of bronchiolitis could be independent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. The relationship between asthma and bronchiolitis is modified by the TLR4, CD14, and IL-13 polymorphisms in Korean children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hyung Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Byoung-Ju
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyo-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gwang Cheon
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Dae Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Woo Kyung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Soo-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics*; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000235:genetics*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D056910:Republic of Korea; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: asthma; bronchiolitis; gene-environment interaction; polymorphism; prevalence; risk factor