title: Lake Louise water (USGS47): a new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the paucity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material has been prepared from Lake Louise water from Alberta, Canada, for international distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  This water was filtered, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference water is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules containing 5 mL of water in each ampoule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The δ(2)H and δ(18)O values of this reference water are -150.2 ± 0.5‰ and -19.80 ± 0.02‰, respectively, relative to VSMOW, on scales normalized such that the δ(2)H and δ(18)O values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, -428 and -55.5‰. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U = 2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95% probability of encompassing the true value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS47, is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen and stable oxygen isotopic analysis of water with a mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. Published in 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA, 20192, USA.
authors.forename: Haiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Tyler B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Coplen
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarbox
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor