title: Synergistic prevention of biofouling in seawater desalination by zwitterionic surfaces and low-level chlorination.
abstract: Smooth, durable, ultrathin antifouling layers are deposited onto commercial reverse osmosis membranes without damaging them and they exhibit a fouling reduction. A new synergistic approach to antifouling, by coupling surface modification and drinking-water-level chlorination is enabled by the films' unique resistance against chlorine degradation. This approach substantially enhances longer-term fouling resistance compared with surface modification or chlorination alone, and can reduce freshwater production cost and its collateral toxicity to marine biota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hongchul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stocker
authors.forename: Karen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gleason
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D060766:Drinking Water; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D054879:Halogenation; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D060766:Drinking Water; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D011725:Pyridines; D014873:Water Pollutants; C023666:pyridine
keywords: antifouling; chemical vapor deposition; microfluidics; synergistic response; zwitterionic coating