title: Midregional pro-adrenomedullin and copeptin: exercise kinetics and association with the cardiopulmonary exercise response in comparison to B-type natriuretic peptide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and C-terminal pro-vasopressin (copeptin) are novel biomarkers providing prognostic information in various settings. We aimed to (1) assess the kinetics of MR-proADM and copeptin during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET); (2) assess the relationship of MR-proADM and copeptin measured at rest with peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) and other key CPET parameters; (3) compare this relationship to that of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 162 patients undergoing symptom-limited CPET for evaluation of exercise intolerance, MR-proADM, copeptin, and BNP were measured at rest and peak exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant rise in copeptin and BNP (p < 0.001) but not in MR-proADM (p = 0.60) from rest to peak exercise. MR-proADM (r = -0.57; p < 0.001) and BNP (r = -0.49; p < 0.001) but not copeptin were significantly and inversely related to peak VO2. MR-proADM was inversely correlated to the percentage of predicted heart rate achieved and peak oxygen pulse and directly related to the peak ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship, the physiological dead space-to-tidal volume ratio, and the alveolo-arterial oxygen gradient (p ≤ 0.01 for all), and these associations were at least as strong as for BNP. In contrast, copeptin was not significantly related to any of these parameters (p > 0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to BNP and copeptin, MR-proADM is not immediately affected by a maximal exercise test. MR-proADM but not copeptin is at least as good an indicator of low peak VO2 and CPET parameters reflecting an impaired cardiac output reserve, ventilatory efficiency and diffusion capacity as BNP, and thereby a global cardiopulmonary stress marker.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zurek
authors.forename: Micha T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Maeder
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Brutsche
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lüthi
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Twerenbold
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freese
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rickli
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000097:blood; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006020:Glycopeptides; C048197:copeptins; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D053607:Adrenomedullin