title: Meta-analysis of selenium accumulation and expression of antioxidant enzymes in chicken tissues.
abstract: A meta-analysis integrating results of 40 selenium (Se) supplementation experiments that originated from 35 different controlled randomized trials was carried out in an attempt to identify significant factors that affect tissue Se accumulation in chicken. Examined factors included: Se source (12 different sources examined), type of chicken (laying hens or broilers), age of birds at the beginning of supplementation, duration of supplementation, year during which the study was conducted, sex of birds, number of chickens per treatment, method of analysis, tissue type, concentration of Se determined and Se added to feed. A correlation analysis was also carried out between tissue Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity. Data analysis showed that the factors significantly affecting tissue Se concentration include type of chicken (P=0.006), type of tissue (P<0.001) and the analytical method used (P=0.014). Although Se source was not found to affect tissue Se concentration (overall P>0.05), certain inorganic (sodium selenite), calcium selenite, sodium selenate and organic sources (B-Traxim Se), Se-yeast, Se-malt, Se-enriched cabbage and Se-enriched garlic as well as background Se level from feed ingredients were found to significantly affect tissue Se concentration. The Se accumulation rate (estimated as linear regression coefficient of Se concentrations to Se added to feed) discriminated between the various tissues with highest values estimated in the leg muscle and lowest in blood plasma. Correlation analysis has also shown that tissue Se concentration (pooled data) was correlated to Se added to feed (r=0.529, P<0.01, log values) and to glutathione peroxidase activity (r=0.332, P=0.0478), with the latter not being correlated with Se added to feed. Although significant factors affecting Se concentration were reported in the present study, they do not necessarily indicate the in vivo function of the antioxidant system or the level of accumulated Se as other factors, not examined in the present study, may interact at the level of trace element absorption, distribution and retention.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zoidis
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, 76 Patission Str., 10434 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demiris
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kominakis
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pappas
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D012643:Selenium