title: Technical note: In vitro total gas and methane production measurements from closed or vented rumen batch culture systems.
abstract: This study compared measured gas production (GP) and computed CH4 production values provided by closed or vented bottles connected to gas collection bags. Two forages and 3 concentrates were incubated. Two incubations were conducted, where the 5 feeds were tested in 3 replicates in closed or vented bottles, plus 4 blanks, for a total of 64 bottles. Half of the bottles were not vented, and the others were vented at a fixed pressure (6.8 kPa) and gas was collected into one gas collection bag connected to each bottle. Each bottle (317 mL) was filled with 0.4000 ± 0.0010 g of feed sample and 60 mL of buffered rumen fluid (headspace volume = 257 mL) and incubated at 39.0°C for 24 h. At 24 h, gas samples were collected from the headspace of closed bottles or from headspace and bags of vented bottles and analyzed for CH4 concentration. Volumes of GP at 24 h were corrected for the gas dissolved in the fermentation fluid, according to Henry's law of gas solubility. Methane concentration (mL/100mL of GP) was measured and CH4 production (mL/g of incubated DM) was computed using corrected or uncorrected GP values. Data were analyzed for the effect of venting technique (T), feed (F), interaction between venting technique and feed (T × F), and incubation run as a random factor. Closed bottles provided lower uncorrected GP (-18%) compared with vented bottles, especially for concentrates. Correction for dissolved gas reduced but did not remove differences between techniques, and closed bottles (+25 mL of gas/g of incubated DM) had a greater magnitude of variation than did vented bottles (+1 mL of gas/g of incubated DM). Feeds differed in uncorrected and corrected GP, but the ranking was the same for the 2 techniques. The T × F interaction influenced uncorrected GP values, but this effect disappeared after correction. Closed bottles provided uncorrected CH4 concentrations 23% greater than that of vented bottles. Correction reduced but did not remove this difference. Methane concentration was influenced by feed but not by the T × F interaction. Corrected CH4 production was influenced by feed, but not by venting technique or the T × F interaction. Closed bottles provide good measurements of CH4 production but not of GP. Venting of bottles at low pressure permits a reliable evaluation of total GP and CH4 production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tagliapietra
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maccarana
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy. Electronic address: lucia.bailoni@unipd.it.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bailoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiavon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005740:Gases / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D008697:Methane
keywords: in vitro gas production; methane; rumen fermentation; venting technique