title: Optimization of method for zinc analysis in several bee products on renewable mercury film silver based electrode.
abstract: Zinc is an interesting target for detection as it is one of the elements necessary for the proper functioning of the human body, its excess and deficiency can cause several symptoms. Several techniques including electrochemistry have been developed but require laboratory equipment, preparative steps and mercury or complex working electrodes. We here described the development of a robust, simple and commercially available electrochemical system. Differential pulse (DP) voltammetry was used for this purpose with the cyclic renewable mercury film silver based electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) and 0.05 M KNO3 solution as a supporting electrolyte. The effect of various factors such as: preconcentration potential and time, pulse amplitude and width, step potential and supporting electrolyte composition are optimized. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.62 ng/mL and 4.85 ng/mL, respectively. The repeatability of the method at a concentration level of the analyte as low as 3 ng/mL, expressed as RSD is 3.5% (n = 6). Recovery was determined using certified reference material: Virginia Tobacco Leaves (CTA-VTL-2). The recovery of zinc ranged from 96.6 to 106.5%. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of zinc in bee products (honey, propolis and diet supplements) after digestion procedure.
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland. wlodzimierz.opoka@uj.edu.pl
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Opoka
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szlósarczyk
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maślanka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piech
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogusław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baś
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Włodarczyk
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krzek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D002138:Calibration; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D004566:Electrodes; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008628:Mercury / Q000737:chemistry*; D011429:Propolis / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012834:Silver; D011429:Propolis; D008628:Mercury; D015032:Zinc