title: Comparative characteristics of porous bioceramics for an osteogenic response in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Porous calcium phosphate ceramics are used in orthopedic and craniofacial applications to treat bone loss, or in dental applications to replace missing teeth. The implantation of these materials, however, does not induce stem cell differentiation, so suitable additional materials such as porous calcium phosphate discs are needed to influence physicochemical responses or structural changes. Rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were evaluated in vitro by the MTT assay, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and immunoblotting using cells cultured in medium supplemented with extracts from bioceramics, including calcium metaphosphate (CMP), hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen-grafted HA (HA-col). In vivo evaluation of the bone forming capacity of these bioceramics in rat models using femur defects and intramuscular implants for 12 weeks was performed. Histological analysis showed that newly formed stromal-rich tissues were observed in all the implanted regions and that the implants showed positive immunoreaction against type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The intramuscular implant region, in particular, showed strong positive immunoreactivity for both type I collagen and ALP, which was further confirmed by mRNA expression and immunoblotting results, indicating that each bioceramic material enhanced osteogenesis stimulation. These results support our hypothesis that smart bioceramics can induce osteoconduction and osteoinduction in vivo, although mature bone formation, including lacunae, osteocytes, and mineralization, was not prominent until 12 weeks after implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Myun-Whan
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sukyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Do
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000032:analysis; D017886:Durapatite / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003470:Culture Media; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; C022616:thiazolyl blue