title: Statistical optimization and in vitro evaluation of metformin hydrochloride asymmetric membrane capsules prepared by a novel semiautomatic manufacturing approach.
abstract: Asymmetric membrane capsules (AMCs) are one of the novel osmotic delivery devices which deliver a wide range of drugs in controlled manner. In the present work, we developed and validated a semiautomatic process by fabricating a hydraulic assisted bench top model for manufacturing AMCs. The capsule walls of AMCs were prepared by dip coating phase inversion process using cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) as coating polymer and propylene glycol (PG) as plasticizer and pore former. The comparative examination of physical parameters confirmed the consistency, efficiency, and reproducibility of the semiautomatic process over the manual procedure. The SEM studies revealed a thin dense region supported on a thicker porous membrane of the capsule shells. Formulations of AMCs were prepared based on a 2(3) full factorial design using metformin hydrochloride as the model drug. The effect of formulation variables such as concentration of PG and levels of fructose and potassium chloride were studied on the in vitro drug release using Design-Expert 8.0.2 (USA) software. From the in vitro release studies, it was observed that the concentration of pore former and level of osmogents had a direct effect on the drug release. From the validation studies of the optimized formulation (OPT) with the predicted response, it was observed that the drug release was independent of pH and agitation intensity but dependent on osmotic pressure of the dissolution medium. The OPT followed controlled zero-order release kinetics over a period of 13 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, M. S. R. Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560 054, India.
authors.forename: Venkatesh Teja
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Banala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, M. S. R. Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560 054, India.
authors.forename: Bharath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, M. S. R. Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560 054, India.
authors.forename: Deveswaran
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rajamanickam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, M. S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, M. S. R. Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560 054, India.
authors.forename: Basavaraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Basappa Veerbadraiah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, M. S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 054, India.
authors.forename: Madhavan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varadarajan