title: Dual-targeting upconversion nanoprobes across the blood-brain barrier for magnetic resonance/fluorescence imaging of intracranial glioblastoma.
abstract: Surgical resection, one of the main clinical treatments of intracranial glioblastoma, bears the potential risk of incomplete excision due to the inherent infiltrative character of the glioblastoma. To maximize the accuracy of surgical resection, the magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging are widely used for the tumor preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative positioning. However, present commercial MR contrast agents and fluorescent dyes can only function for single mode of imaging and are subject to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and nontargeting-specificity, resulting in the apparent risks of inefficient diagnosis and resection of glioblastoma. Considering the unique MR/upconversion luminescence (UCL) bimodal imaging feature of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), herein, we have developed a dual-targeting nanoprobe (ANG/PEG-UCNPs) to cross the BBB, target the glioblastoma, and then function as a simultaneous MR/NIR-to-NIR UCL bimodal imaging agent, which showed a much enhanced imaging performance in comparison with the clinically used single MRI contrast (Gd-DTPA) and fluorescent dye (5-ALA). Moreover, their biocompatibility, especially to brains, was systematically assessed by the histological/hematological examination, indicating a negligible in vivo toxicity. As a proof-of-concept, the ANG/PEG-UCNPs hold the great potential in MR diagnosis and fluorescence positioning of glioblastoma for the efficient tumor surgery.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Dalong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Jiawen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Huaiyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Qingfeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Zhenwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qianjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jianan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shengjian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenpei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Liangping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Weijun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D049329:Nanostructures; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*