title: Structured mRNA induces the ribosome into a hyper-rotated state.
abstract: During protein synthesis, mRNA and tRNA are moved through the ribosome by the process of translocation. The small diameter of the mRNA entrance tunnel only permits unstructured mRNA to pass through. However, there are structured elements within mRNA that present a barrier for translocation that must be unwound. The ribosome has been shown to unwind RNA in the absence of additional factors, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show using single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and small angle X-ray scattering experiments a new global conformational state of the ribosome. In the presence of the frameshift inducing dnaX hairpin, the ribosomal subunits are driven into a hyper-rotated state and the L1 stalk is predominantly in an open conformation. This previously unobserved conformational state provides structural insight into the helicase activity of the ribosome and may have important implications for understanding the mechanism of reading frame maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Peiwu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Cornish
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D004258:DNA Polymerase III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D055029:Inverted Repeat Sequences; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D054680:Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012399:Rotation; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C103076:DnaX protein, Bacteria; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004258:DNA Polymerase III