title: Effect of spiramycin and tulathromycin on abomasal emptying rate in milk-fed calves.
abstract: Impaired abomasal motility is common in cattle with abomasal disorders. The macrolide erythromycin has been demonstrated to be an effective prokinetic agent in healthy calves and in adult cattle with abomasal volvulus or left displaced abomasum. We hypothesized that 2 structurally related macrolides, spiramycin and tulathromycin, would also be effective prokinetic agents in cattle. Six milk-fed, male, Holstein-Friesian calves were administered each of the following 4 treatments: spiramycin, 75 000 IU/kg BW, IM, this dose approximates 25 mg/kg BW, IM; tulathromycin, 2.5 mg/kg BW, SC; 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl (negative control); and erythromycin, 8.8 mg/kg BW, IM (positive control). Calves were fed 2 L of cow's milk containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg body weight) 30 min after each treatment was administered and jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after the start of sucking. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration. Spiramycin, tulathromycin, and the positive control erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate compared to the negative control. We conclude that the labeled antimicrobial dose of spiramycin and tulathromycin increases the abomasal emptying rate in healthy milk-fed calves. Additional studies investigating whether spiramycin and tulathromycin exert a prokinetic effect in adult cattle with abomasal hypomotility appear indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran (Rashnavadi, Nouri, Haji Hajikolaei); Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz Iran (Najafzadeh); and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA (Constable).
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rashnavadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran (Rashnavadi, Nouri, Haji Hajikolaei); Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz Iran (Najafzadeh); and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA (Constable).
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran (Rashnavadi, Nouri, Haji Hajikolaei); Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz Iran (Najafzadeh); and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA (Constable).
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Haji Hajikolaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran (Rashnavadi, Nouri, Haji Hajikolaei); Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz Iran (Najafzadeh); and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA (Constable).
authors.forename: Housain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Najafzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran (Rashnavadi, Nouri, Haji Hajikolaei); Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz Iran (Najafzadeh); and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA (Constable).
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Constable
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D015572:Spiramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018942:Macrolides
chemical_list: D000082:Acetaminophen; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004187:Disaccharides; D005947:Glucose; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D015572:Spiramycin; C485204:tulathromycin; D018942:Macrolides