title: Auxin conjugated to fluorescent dyes--a tool for the analysis of auxin transport pathways.
abstract: Auxin is a small molecule involved in most processes related to plant growth and development. Its effect usually depends on the distribution in tissues and the formation of concentration gradients. Until now there has been no tool for the direct tracking of auxin transport at the cellular and tissue level; therefore the majority of studies have been based on various indirect methods. However, due to their various restrictions, relatively little is known about the relationship between various pathways of auxin transport and specific developmental processes. We present a new research tool: fluorescently labelled auxin in the form of a conjugate with two different fluorescent tracers, FITC and RITC, which allows direct observation of auxin transport in plant tissues. Chemical analysis and biological tests have shown that our conjugates have auxin-like biological activity and transport; therefore they can be used in all experimental systems as an alternative to IAA. In addition, the conjugates are a universal tool that can be applied in studies of all plant groups and species. The conjugation procedure presented in this paper can be adapted to other fluorescent dyes, which are constantly being improved. In our opinion, the conjugates greatly expand the possibilities of research concerning the role of auxin and its transport in different developmental processes in plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sokołowska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kizińska
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szewczuk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banasiak
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018554:Avena / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D036226:Seedlings / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012235:Rhodamines; C027755:rhodamine isothiocyanate; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
keywords: Arabidopsis; auxin conjugates; auxin transport; auxin-like activity; mutant pin1; organogenesis