title: Hepatic manifestations in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement and diverse clinical and serological manifestations. Clinically significant hepatic disease is generally regarded as unusual in JSLE, but many studies have showed that hepatic disease may be more common in SLE than was usually thought. Hepatic disease does not cause significant morbidity and mortality, but subclinical liver involvement is common. One of the hepatic disorders associated with JSLE is autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The precise etiology of AIH and JSLE remains unknown, however both AIH and JSLE are associated with antinuclear antibody (ANA) and multisystem disease manifestations. A shared immunologic response and genetic predisposition were suggested. Recently, new approaches for treatment of SLE and recent patents that could develop into novel therapeutic agents in clinical management of SLE have been proposed. An array of promising new therapies is currently emerging or being developed including B-cell depletion therapies, agents targeting B-cell survival factors, blockade of T-cell co-stimulation and present review, we will also report the case of a 12-year old girl who developed JSLE four years after her preliminary diagnosis with AIH.
authors.forename: Mortada H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: El-Shabrawi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Postal Address: 3 Nablos Street, Off Shehab Street, Mohandesseen, Giza, 12411, Egypt. melshabrawi@medicine.cu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Mona I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Farrag
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010837:Vitamin K 1; D011239:Prednisolone