title: Short mandible - a possible risk factor for cleft palate with/without a cleft lip.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the influence of a short mandible on the risk of developing a cleft palate with/without a cleft lip (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The retrospective sample consisted of 115 2-month-old Danish infants with CP, and 70 control infants with unilateral incomplete cleft lip (UICL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cephalometric X-rays were obtained. Mandibular length (Lm ) was measured and corrected for body length (Lb ) to remove influence of varying body length in the sample. Logistic regression was applied to the corrected mandibular length (Lmc ) to calculate the risk of having a cleft palate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean mandibular length in the group with CP was about 4 mm shorter than in the control group. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated to be 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.48-0.68), implying that an individual's risk of cleft palate with/without a cleft lip increases about 50% per mm decrease in mandibular length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A special facial type including a short mandible is a possible risk factor for cleft palate, and it was found that the risk of cleft palate increases 58% per mm decreases in mandibular length.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3D Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory (School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen; Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet; and DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark), Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Darvann
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ersbøll
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreiborg
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002680:Chin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000209:etiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: cleft palate; mandible; risk factor