title: Polygalasaponin F against rotenone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via mitochondria protection pathway.
abstract: To investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of polygalasaponin F (PS-F) against rotenone-induced PC12 cells, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species was examined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and the adenosine triphosphate depletion was examined using a luciferase-coupled quantification assay. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting analysis was used to determine cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treatment of PC12 cells with rotenone (1-10 μmol/l) significantly reduced the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with PS-F (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/l) increased the viability of rotenone-induced PC12 cells, decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis, restored rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppressed rotenone-induced protein expression. PS-F showed a dose-dependent manner in all the treatments. PS-F protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, PS-F may be a potential bioactive compound for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , 100050 , China.
authors.forename: Miao-Miao
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-He
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chuang-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dong-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nai-Hong
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C573752:polygalasaponin F; D012402:Rotenone; C068624:5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053148:Caspase 3