title: Treatment of renal stones with flexible ureteroscopy in preschool age children.
abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) to treat renal stones in preschool age (<7 years) children. From September 2005 to May 2013, a total of 65 children (31 boys and 34 girls) with 72 renal stones were treated using RIRS. Patients were considered stone-free when the absence of residual fragments was observed on imaging studies. In the presence of residual calculi >4 mm, a second-stage RIRS was performed. The pre-operative, operative and post-operative data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 65 patients with a mean age of 4.31 ± 1.99 years (6 months-7 years) were included in the present study. The mean stone size was 14.66 ± 6.12 mm (7-30 mm). The mean operative time was 46.47 ± 18.27 min. In 5 (7.69%) patients, the initial procedure failed to reach the renal collecting system and ended with the insertion of a pigtail stent. The stone-free rates were 83.07 and 92.3% after the first and second procedures, respectively. Complications were observed in 18 (27.7%) patients and classified according to the Clavien system. Post-operative hematuria (Clavien I) occurred in 6 (9.2%) patients, post-operative urinary tract infection with fever (Clavien II) was observed in 10 (15.4%) patients, and ureteral wall injury (Clavien III) was noted in 2 (3%) patients. RIRS is an effective and safe procedure that can be used to manage renal stones in preschool age children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey, berkurt@superonline.com.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erkurt
authors.forename: Turhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caskurlu
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atis
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Eyup Sabri
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pelit
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Altay
authors.forename: Firat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*