title: Interictal dysphoric disorder: a frequent psychiatric comorbidity among patients with epilepsy who were followed in two tertiary centers.
abstract: Psychiatric disorders are frequent among patients with epilepsy. Data in the literature have shown a heterogeneous clinical presentation of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy. Interictal dysphoric disorder could be a specific psychiatric comorbidity associated with epilepsy, primarily in patients treated in tertiary centers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of interictal dysphoric disorder among patients with epilepsy who were followed in two tertiary epilepsy services in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five patients with epilepsy completed the Portuguese version of the Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three (50.7%) patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for interictal dysphoric disorder, although all participants answered positively to having at least one key symptom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of patients with epilepsy who fulfilled the diagnosis of interictal dysphoric disorder confirms an association between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. However, there is clearly a need to improve diagnostic tools to allow better differentiation between interictal dysphoric disorder and other psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Paulo Gomes do
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, RecifePE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clélia Maria Ribeiro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lennon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerardo Maria de
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Araújo Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elza Márcia Targas
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yacubian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers