title: The effect of celecoxib on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibition of prostaglandin (PGs) production leads to decrease in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). It is not known whether inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the key mechanism for this effect. In this study, the effect of celecoxib, a highly-selective COX-2 inhibitor, was investigated on OTM in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of male rats (seven animals in each goup) were used in the study. A 5mm-long nickel-titanium closed-coil spring was ligated between the right maxillary incisor and the first molar of each rat to deliver an initial force of 60g. All four groups recieved orthodontic appliances, group 1 received no injections, group 2 received celecoxib injections (0.3 mg in 0.1 ml saline solution), group 3 recieved normal saline injections (0.1 ml saline solution), and group 4 recieved needle penetration without injecting any solution. The local injections were carried out every 3 days for 18 days. All injections were subperiosteal and given in the upper right first molar mucosa. The animals were sacrificed 21 days after appliance insertion and OTM was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the animals treated with celecoxib a statistically significant decrease in OTM was observed compared with the other groups. Histological findings revealed that osteoclast count was significantly lower in group 2 compared with the other groups (P<0.05). The amount of root resorption showed a slight, but nonsignificant decrease in group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that celecoxib decreases OTM and osteoclast count. This might be the result of COX-2 enzyme inhibition and subsequent decrease in prostaglandin production.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sodagar
authors.affiliation: Resident of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahura
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Etezadi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Pouria
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Motahhary
authors.affiliation: Professor Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dehpour
authors.affiliation: Orthodontist, Private Practice, Farmington CT, USA.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Director of Basic Science research, Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khojasteh
keywords: Celecoxib; Cyclooxygenase; Orthodontics; Prostaglandins; Rats; Tooth Movement