title: Foxl1 inhibits tumor invasion and predicts outcome in human renal cancer.
abstract: The Forkhead Box L1 (Foxl1) transcription factor regulates epithelial proliferation and development of gastrointestinal tract, and has been implicated in gastrointestinal and pancreatic tumorigenesis. However, the role of Foxl1 in renal cancer development and progression remains to be elucidated. The study was conducted to investigate the expression of Foxl1 and its prognostic significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Meanwhile, the function of Foxl1 in human ccRCC was further investigated in cell culture models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time quantitative PCR, western-blot, immunohistochemistry were used to explore Foxl1 expression in primary ccRCC clinical specimens and ccRCC cell lines. Foxl1 expression was up-regulated by over-expression vector in 786-O and ACHN cells, proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion were assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foxl1 expression was down-regulated in the majority of the ccRCC clinical tissue specimens at both mRNA and protein levels. Clinic pathological analysis showed that Foxl1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, clinical TNM stage (cTNM) and histological grade of renal cancer. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that low Foxl1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. Foxl1 expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall ccRCC patient survival in a multivariate analysis. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that over-expression of Foxl1 inhibits tumor cell growth, migration and invasion in renal cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Foxl1 expression is a candidate predictor of clinical outcome in patients with resected ccRCC and it plays an inhibitory role in renal tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, People's Hospital in Xinyuan County Xinjiang Province, Xinjiang, 835800, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Ping
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Chun
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai, 200072, China ; Department of Medicine, People's Hospital in Xinyuan County Xinjiang Province, Xinjiang, 835800, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C491001:FOXL1 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors
keywords: Foxl1; clear cell renal cell carcinoma; prognosis