title: ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma primarily involving the bronchus: a case report and literature review.
abstract: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a mature T cell lymphoma with characteristic morphologic, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features. Current WHO classification includes anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive and ALK-negative variants. ALCL rarely presents with obstructive symptoms of the main airway. In addition to reporting a HIV-associated bronchial ALK-negative ALCL in a 44 year-old female, our literature review identified eight cases of bronchial ALCL with several interesting clinicopathological features, including: 1) a female predominance (67%); 2) two thirds of patients younger than 18 years old; 3) uniformly presented with respiratory symptoms and progressed to respiratory failure; 4) the tumor involving the main airways; 5) often with localized disease at the initial presentation. This unusual presentation of ALCL may pose as a diagnostic pitfall and delay the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, CA, USA ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D017728:Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000626173:ALK protein, human; D000077548:Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma; HIV; anaplastic lymphoma kinase; bronchus; respiratory failure