title: Coffee husk: an inexpensive substrate for production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger in a solid-state fermentation system.
abstract: Aspergillus niger CFTRI 30 produced 1.3 g citric acid/10 g dry coffee husk in 72 h solid-state fermentation when the substrate was moistened with 0.075 M NaOH solution. Production was increased by 17% by adding a mixture of iron, copper and zinc to the medium but enrichment of the moist solid medium with (NH4)2SO4, sucrose or any of four enzymes did not improve production. The production of about 1.5 g citric acid/10 g dry coffee husk at a conversion of 82% (based on sugar consumed) under standardized conditions demonstrates the commercial potential of using the husk in this way.
authors.affiliation: , .
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Shankaranand
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lonsane