title: Differences in metabolic profiles of planktonic and biofilm cells in Staphylococcus aureus - (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance search for candidate biomarkers.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for many types of infections related to biofilm presence. As the early diagnostics remains the best option for prevention of biofilm infections, the aim of the work presented was to search for differences in metabolite patterns of S. aureus ATCC6538 biofilm vs. free-swimming S. aureus planktonic forms. For this purpose, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied. Data obtained were supported by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy, quantitative cultures and X-ray computed microtomography. Metabolic trends accompanying S. aureus biofilm formation were found using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Levels of isoleucine, alanine and 2,3-butanediol were significantly higher in biofilm than in planktonic forms, whereas level of osmoprotectant glycine-betaine was significantly higher in planktonic forms of S. aureus. Results obtained may find future application in clinical diagnostics of S. aureus biofilm-related infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam Feliks
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Junka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Opole, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deja
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smutnicka
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw University of Technology, Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szymczyk
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw University of Technology, Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ziółkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzenna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartoszewicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Opole, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Młynarz
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006859:Hydrogen; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome; D011868:Radioisotopes; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002072:Butylene Glycols; D011868:Radioisotopes; D007532:Isoleucine; C026978:2,3-butylene glycol; D006859:Hydrogen; D000409:Alanine