title: Novel insights into early embryonic demise via 3D surface rendered imaging in 107 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sonographic imaging techniques including 3 D volumetry were evaluated in women with missed abortion. Special emphasis was put on the impact of additional information regarding the etiology of the demise and improved visualization of embryonic and fetal anomalies due to the application of the latest imaging tools, e. g. HD live™. Parental acceptance of a more realistic display of the embryo/fetus in missed abortion was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 09/2009 and 09/2012, 107 pregnancies with a missed abortion in the first trimester were included in this prospective survey. Using a transvaginal approach, all 2 D and 3 D studies were carried out with high-resolution 5 - 9 and 6 - 12 MHz probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean gestational age was 70.3 days (49 - 110 days). The difference between estimated gestational age and sonographic age at evaluation for missed abortion was 13.5 days (-13 - 40 days). Additional information via three-dimensional volume acquisition, like craniofacial deformities, clefts, neural tube defects, abdominal wall defects and caudal regression syndrome, could be documented in 23/107 cases (21.5 %). In 2/107 cases the parents disapproved of the 3 D visualization due to the more realistic presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3 D ultrasound in cases of missed abortion can provide additional information regarding the presence of structural anomalies. It may give further details regarding the timing of embryonic/fetal demise in early pregnancy. Sufficient informational value is regularly obtained in cases having a CRL > 8 mm. In counseling parents, 3 D ultrasound is a useful tool and is generally well accepted.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hartge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schröer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weichert
mesh_terms: D000030:Abortion, Missed / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005858:Germany; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult