title: Iridoid glycoside from the leaves of Clerodendrum volubile beauv. shows potent antioxidant activity against oxidative stress in rat brain and hepatic tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims at reporting the isolation, structure elucidation, and antioxidant potentials of ajugoside from C. volubile leaves in sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced oxidative stressed rat brain and hepatic tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  An iridoid monoterpene, ajugoside was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of C. volubile and evaluated for its antioxidant protective potential on brain and liver tissues of male Wister rats in an ex vivo model. Two molar concentrations (6.4 × 10(-4) M and 1.28 × 10(-3) M) of the metabolite and SNP were incubated with the tissues homogenate at 37°C for 2 hr prior to the test and assayed for catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and lipid peroxidation. α tocopherol (6.4 × 10(-4) M) was used as standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both molar concentrations exhibited high catalase activity in the tissues. However, 6.4 × 10(-4) M ajugoside exhibited a very high SOD activity (liver: 96.45 and brain: 96.30%) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (liver: 88.11 and brain: 93.27%) compared to the standard. 1.28 × 10(-3) M ajugoside also exhibited good activities but lower than that of the standard and 6.4 × 10(-4) M ajugoside.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ajugoside showed potent antioxidant activities as evidenced by the synergistic high activities of SOD and catalase as well as inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the studied tissues.
authors.affiliation: 1Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ochuko L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Erukainure
authors.forename: Osaretin A T
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ebuehi
authors.forename: Iqbal M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: Achyut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: Rahman M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hafizur
authors.forename: Shahida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perveen
authors.forename: Aliyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Gloria N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Elemo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D032409:Clerodendrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009599:Nitroprusside; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011714:Pyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005960:Glucosides; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011714:Pyrans; D009599:Nitroprusside; C477173:ajugoside; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase