title: Personal black carbon exposure influences ambulatory blood pressure: air pollution and cardiometabolic disease (AIRCMD-China) study.
abstract: Few prospective studies have assessed the blood pressure effect of extremely high air pollution encountered in Asia's megacities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between combustion-related air pollution with ambulatory blood pressure and autonomic function. During February to July 2012, personal black carbon was determined for 5 consecutive days using microaethalometers in patients with metabolic syndrome in Beijing, China. Simultaneous ambient fine particulate matter concentration was obtained from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center and the US Embassy. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were measured from day 4. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function were obtained at the end of day 5. For statistical analysis, we used generalized additive mixed models for repeated outcomes and generalized linear models for single/summary outcomes. Mean (SD) of personal black carbon and fine particulate matter during 24 hours was 4.66 (2.89) and 64.2 (36.9) μg/m(3). Exposure to high levels of black carbon in the preceding hours was associated significantly with adverse cardiovascular responses. A unit increase in personal black carbon during the previous 10 hours was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure of 0.53 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 0.37 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.89 and 0.10-0.65 mm Hg, respectively), a percentage change in low frequency to high frequency ratio of 5.11 and mean interbeat interval of -0.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.62-9.60 and -0.11 to -0.01, respectively). These findings highlight the public health effect of air pollution and the importance of reducing air pollution.
authors.affiliation: 110 S Paca St, 7th Floor, Room 7-N-100, Baltimore, MD 21201, srajagopalan@medicine.umaryland.edu; or Zhongjie Fan, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China 100730, E-mail Fan@pumch.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Bhramar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Fumo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fengkui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Lixian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ruijuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Shuyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.forename: Zhongjie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053260:Soot / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D053260:Soot
keywords: air pollution; blood pressure; carbon black; particulate matter