title: Possibilities of a personal laser scanning system for forest mapping and ecosystem services.
abstract: A professional-quality, personal laser scanning (PLS) system for collecting tree attributes was demonstrated in this paper. The applied system, which is wearable by human operators, consists of a multi-constellation navigation system and an ultra-high-speed phase-shift laser scanner mounted on a rigid baseplate and consisting of a single sensor block. A multipass-corridor-mapping method was developed to process PLS data and a 2,000 m2 forest plot was utilized in the test. The tree stem detection accuracy was 82.6%; the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimates of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was 5.06 cm; the RMSE of the estimates of tree location was 0.38 m. The relative RMSE of the DBH estimates was 14.63%. The results showed, for the first time, the potential of the PLS system in mapping large forest plots. Further research on mapping accuracy in various forest conditions, data correction methods and multi-sensoral positioning techniques is needed. The utilization of this system in different applications, such as harvester operations, should also be explored. In addition to collecting tree-level and plot-level data for forest inventory, other possible applications of PLS for forest ecosystem services include mapping of canopy gaps, measuring leaf area index of large areas, documenting and visualizing forest routes feasible for recreation, hiking and berry and mushroom picking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala 02431, Finland. xinlian.liang@fgi.fi.
authors.forename: Xinlian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala 02431, Finland. antero.kukko@fgi.fi.
authors.forename: Antero
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kukko
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala 02431, Finland. harri.kaartinen@fgi.fi.
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaartinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala 02431, Finland. juha.hyyppa@fgi.fi.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyyppä
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala 02431, Finland. yu.xiaowei@fgi.fi.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala 02431, Finland. anttoni.jaakkola@fgi.fi.
authors.forename: Anttoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaakkola
authors.affiliation: Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala 02431, Finland. yunsheng.wang@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Yunsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang