title: [Therapeutic mechanism of diaphragm training at different periods in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of postprandial diaphragm training (DT) on esophageal acid exposure, esophageal motility and proximal gastric volume at different postprandial periods in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty GERD patients and 9 healthy subjects (HS) with matched demographic characteristics were enrolled from June 2005 to June 2006 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Esophageal manometry with a Dent sleeve catheter and simultaneous esophageal pH monitoring were recorded in a 30-min fasting period and a 120-min postprandial period. The GERD patients were divided into 3 groups: 9 patients received diaphragm training at 1(st) hour after meal (group DT1 h) and another 10 at 2(nd) hour after meal (group DT2 h) whereas no diaphragm training after meal in 11 (group NDT). Ultrasonic imaging of proximal gastric volume was undertaken at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The percentage time with pH<4 in group DT1 h was lower than that in group NDT in the 120-min postprandial period (0.2% (0-4.1%), 6.6% (2.2%-18.2%), P < 0.05) and no significant difference of esophageal acid exposure was observed between groups DT2 h and NDT (3.7% (0.1%-17.8%), 6.6% (2.2%-18.2%), P > 0.05) . (2) Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and crural diaphragm pressures at the 1(st) hour after meal in group DT1 h were both significantly higher than those in group NDT during diaphragm training ((44.4 ± 8.1) vs(16.2 ± 4.5) mm Hg, (38.2 ± 4.2) vs (9.8 ± 4.5) mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa, both P < 0.05). EGJ and crural diaphragm pressures at the 2(nd) hour after meal in group DT2 h were significantly higher than those in group N-DT during diaphragm training ((53.2 ± 7.5) vs (14.0 ± 3.7) mm Hg, (48.2 ± 6.3) vs (8.9 ± 2.7) mm Hg, both P < 0.05). There was no change of lower esophageal sphincter pressure (all P > 0.05). (3) After test meal, the groups DT1 h, DT2 h and N-DT had similar proximal stomach volume (all P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diaphragm training at the 1(st) hour after meal might reduce the 120-min postprandial esophageal acid exposure in GERD patients. The reduction in esophageal acid exposure may result from enhanced antireflux barrier of EGJ function. Therefore postprandial diaphragm training provides a new approach to conservative treatment of GERD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-lu
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China. Email: kemypumch2006@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Mei-yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000503:physiopathology; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D055815:Young Adult