title: Rifampicin mono-resistant tuberculosis in France: a 2005-2010 retrospective cohort analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rifampicin resistance is a risk factor for poor outcome in tuberculosis. Therefore, we sought to describe the characteristics and management of Rifampicin monoresistant (RMR) tuberculosis (TB) in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis in 2012 on RMR TB patients diagnosed in France between 2005 and 2010 by using a national laboratory network. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect basic demographic data, region of birth, history of TB, HIV-coinfection, alcohol use, and antituberculosis treatment. Outcome was assessed after at least 18 months of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 39 patients with RMR TB were reported (0.12% of all TB cases). Overall, 19 (49%) had a previous history of treatment, 9 (23%) were HIV-coinfected, and 24 (62%) were smear-positive. Patient with secondary RMR were more likely to have alcohol abuse (P = 0.04) and HIV-coinfection (p = 0.04). Treatment outcome could be assessed for 30 patients, the nine others being dead or lost to follow-up. A total of 20 (67%) of the 30 assessed were cured, 3 (10%) died, 3 (10%) relapsed, and 4 (13%) were lost to follow up. Four (13%) received less than 6 months of treatment, 3 did not have any modification of the standardized regimen, 13 (43%) received fluoroquinolones, 4 (13%) aminoglycosides, and 8 (26%) a combination of both.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RMR TB is a rare disease in France, and its management was heterogeneous. The lack of treatment standardization may be a consequence of low expertise and may lead to the unsatisfactory low success rate.
authors.forename: Vanina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meyssonnier
authors.forename: Thuy Van
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veziris
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jarlier
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, U1135, Centre for Immunology and Microbial Infections, team 13, F-75013 Paris, France. jerome.robert0@upmc.fr.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D060085:Coinfection; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D059012:Lost to Follow-Up; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D012293:Rifampin