title: Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need evaluated among subjects with Down syndrome using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment among persons with Down Syndrome (DS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants were 113 persons with DS from the selected community-based rehabilitation center who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ten occlusal characteristics of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) were measured on study models to determine the degree of malocclusion. A single score represented the dentofacial anomalies, determined the level of severity, and determined the need for orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crowding in the anterior maxillary and mandibular arch was the main malocclusion problems among the subjects with DS. Comparison between age group and genders revealed no significant differences in four categories of orthodontic treatment need (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the subjects with DS (94; 83.2%) had severe and very severe malocclusion, which indicated a desirable and mandatory need for orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: a  Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farah S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Abdul Rahim
authors.forename: Alizae M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Murshida Marizan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nor
authors.forename: Roslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saub
mesh_terms: D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D003970:Diastema / Q000453:epidemiology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061326:Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000453:epidemiology; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000453:epidemiology; D057887:Overbite / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dental Aesthetic Index; Down syndrome; Malocclusion; Orthodontics treatment need