title: Young novice drivers and the risky behaviours of parents and friends during the provisional (intermediate) licence phase: a brief report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While there is research indicating that many factors influence the young novice driver's increased risk of road crash injury during the earliest stages of their independent driving, there is a need to further understand the relationship between the perceived risky driving behaviour of parents and friends and the risky behaviour of drivers with a Provisional (intermediate) licence.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a larger research project, 378 drivers aged 17-25 years (M=18.22, SD=1.59, 113 males) with a Provisional licence completed an online survey exploring the perceived riskiness of their parents' and friends' driving, and the extent to which they pattern (i.e. base) their driving behaviour on the driving of their parents and friends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young drivers who reported patterning their driving on their friends, and who reported they perceived their friends to be risky drivers, reported more risky driving. The risky driving behaviour of young male drivers was associated with the perceived riskiness of their fathers' driving, whilst for female drivers the perceived riskiness of their mothers' driving approached significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development and application of countermeasures targeting the risky behaviour of same-sex parents appears warranted by the robust research findings. In addition, countermeasures need to encourage young people in general to be non-risky drivers; targeting the negative influence of risky peer groups specifically. Social norms interventions may minimise the influence of potentially-overestimated riskiness.
authors.affiliation: University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Faculty of Arts and Business, University of the Sunshine Coast; Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology. Electronic address: bscottpa@usc.edu.au.
authors.forename: Bridie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scott-Parker
authors.affiliation: Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University; School of Psychology and Counselling and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology.
authors.forename: Melissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hyde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D008004:Licensure; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010290:Parents; D010379:Peer Group; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Imitation; Novice driver; Peer; Risky driving; Young driver; parent