title: Relationship of MR elastography determined liver stiffness with cardiac function after Fontan palliation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use MR elastography to assess liver stiffness in patients with congenital heart disease palliated with the Fontan procedure and correlate findings with cardiac index and other functional parameters obtained during cardiac MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of 14 patients (15 examinations) with Fontan circulation who underwent both cardiac MRI and liver MR elastography (MRE) on the same day. Liver stiffness was determined by calculating the mean liver stiffness from four slice locations. The cardiac index and other flow measurements were calculated from phase contrast MR imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MRE was abnormal on all examinations with a median liver stiffness of 4.0 kPa (range, 3.4-6.2 kPa; normal adult liver stiffness is < 2.51 kPa). The cardiac index decreased as the duration of Fontan circulation (Fontan duration) increased (P = 0.005). We found a statistically significant inverse correlation between liver stiffness and cardiac index (P = 0.02), as well as the ejection fraction (P = 0.002). Patients with long Fontan durations (≥ 20 years) had greater liver stiffness compared with those having a shorter duration (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRE shows promise as a monitoring tool in the Fontan population, demonstrating an elevated liver stiffness in all patients, which inversely correlated with the MR determined cardiac index.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wallihan
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Podberesky
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sticka
authors.forename: Suraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Fontan; MRI; elastography; liver; stiffness