title: Serum magnesium level is associated with type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: the Korea National Diabetes Program study.
abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a strong predictor of postpartum prediabetes and transition to overt type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Although many reports indicate that low magnesium is correlated with deteriorated glucose tolerance, the association between postpartum serum magnesium level and the risk for T2DM in women with a history of GDM has not been evaluated. We analyzed postpartum serum magnesium levels and development of prediabetes and T2DM in women with prior GDM according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria using the Korean National Diabetes Program (KNDP) GDM cohort. During a mean follow-up of 15.6 ± 2.0 months after screening, 116 women were divided into three groups according to glucose tolerance status. Ultimately, eight patients (6.9%) were diagnosed with T2DM, 59 patients (50.9%) with prediabetes, and 49 patients (42.2%) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) after follow-up. The T2DM group had the lowest serum magnesium level (0.65 [0.63-0.68] mM/L) in the postpartum period, but there was no significant difference between the prediabetes group (0.70 [0.65-0.70] mM/L) and the NGT group (0.70 [0.65-0.70] mM/L) (P=0.073) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that postpartum HOMA-IR was a significant predictor of both prediabetes and T2DM. Moreover, we found that postpartum serum magnesium level was also a possible predictor for T2DM development. Serum magnesium level in the postpartum period may be a possible predictor for T2DM development in women with a history of GDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Daerim St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sei Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwan Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Seol
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food & Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Koo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes, Gestational; Hypomagnesaemia; Prediabetes; Serum Magnesium; Type 2