title: Enzyme immobilization: an update.
abstract: Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. More importantly, the heterogeneity of the immo-bilized enzyme systems allows an easy recovery of both enzymes and products, multiple re-use of enzymes, continuous operation of enzymatic processes, rapid termination of reactions, and greater variety of bioreactor designs. This paper is a review of the recent literatures on enzyme immobilization by various techniques, the need for immobilization and different applications in industry, covering the last two decades. The most recent papers, patents, and reviews on immobilization strategies and application are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad Abolpour
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Homaei
authors.affiliation: Reyhaneh Sariri, Department of Microbiology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reyhaneh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sariri
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vianello
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University of Venice, Venice, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stevanato
keywords: Biocatalyst; Enzyme immobilization; Enzyme reuse