title: The development of benzo- and naphtho-fused quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acids as vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) inhibitors reveals a possible role for neuroactive steroids.
abstract: Substituted quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylates (QDCs) are conformationally-restricted mimics of glutamate that were previously reported to selectively block the glutamate vesicular transporters (VGLUTs). We find that expanding the QDC scaffold to benzoquinoline dicarboxylic acids (BQDC) and naphthoquinoline dicarboxylic acids (NQDCs) improves inhibitory activity with the NQDCs showing IC50∼70 μM. Modeling overlay studies showed that the polycyclic QDCs resembled steroid structures and led to the identification and testing of estrone sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate and pregnanolone sulfate that blocked the uptake of l-Glu by 50%, 70% and 85% of control, respectively. Pregnanolone sulfate was further characterized by kinetic pharmacological determinations that demonstrated competitive inhibition and a Ki of ≈20 μM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Christina N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Carrigan
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Sarjubhai A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Holly D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Erin S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Bolstad
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gerdes
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. Electronic address: charles.thompson@umontana.edu.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D003500:Cyclization; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009284:Naphthols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011804:Quinolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012015:Reference Standards; D050496:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D009284:Naphthols; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011804:Quinolines; D050496:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins; D011280:Pregnanolone
keywords: Glutamate; Neuroactive steroids; Quinoline 2,4-dicarboxylic acid; Synaptic vesicle; VGLUT