title: Retrospective assessment of premorbid psychopathology and cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder.
abstract: The present study investigated whether premorbid psychopathological and cognitive impairment symptoms could be retrospectively identified during the childhood and adolescence of those later diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BPD). The present sample consisted of 30 adults diagnosed with BPD, 30 of their significant-others, a group-matched control group of 30 adults (without any reported psychological or cognitive disorders), and 30 of their significant-others. The adults diagnosed with BPD and the control group completed a self-report form of the retrospective version of the Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory (CPNI-R) as they were before the age of 16 years. The significant-others reported on the adults diagnosed with BPD or upon their controls. Initial two-factor analyses of variance revealed that on a comprehensive measure of psychopathology and of cognitive impairment, those diagnosed with BPD scored significantly higher than the control group on the self-report and the significant-other forms, with large effects sizes. Overall, the overarching research hypothesis was confirmed: adults diagnosed with BPD and their significant-others could report salient prodromes during their childhood or adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming. Electronic address: aestey@uwyo.edu.
authors.forename: Alisa J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Estey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs.
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Coolidge
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs.
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Segal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D057566:Self Report