title: Epidemiological trends and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from stool cultures in two different populations in Southern Israel.
abstract: Southern Israel is inhabited by Bedouins, living in conditions similar to developing countries and Jews, living in conditions similar to developed countries. We determined the epidemiology of Shigella spp. in these populations. We retrospectively reviewed Shigella spp. stool isolations between 2005-2009. Overall, 3295 isolates were analyzed. S. sonnei was isolated in 2057/3295 (62.4%) and S. flexneri in 1058 (32.1%). S. sonnei was isolated in 1567/1707 (91.8%) from Jewish patients and S. flexneri in 931/1542 (60.4%) from Bedouin patients. Ampicillin resistance increased linearly from 217/373 (58.2%) in 2005 to 186/256 (72.7%) in 2009, (P < 0.001). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance decreased linearly from 328/373 (87.9%) in 2005 to 133/256 (51.9%) in 2009 (P < 0.001). Higher resistance of Shigella spp. to ampicilin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were found in Jewish patients: 1527/1706 (89.5%) versus 977/1542 (63.4%) (P < 0.0001), 1635/1706 (95.8%) versus 1026/1542 (66.5%) (P < 0.0001). The epidemiology of Shigella spp. infections can differ in populations residing in the same geographical area.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Itai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peleg
authors.affiliation: Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Noga
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Givon-Lavi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibovitz
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Arnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broides
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012760:Shigella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000667:Ampicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
keywords: Antibiotics; Bedouin; Cultures; Jewish; Shigella spp; Stool