title: Biodiesel production from indigenous microalgae grown in wastewater.
abstract: This paper describes a process for producing biodiesel sustainably from microalgae grown in wastewater, whilst significantly reducing the wastewater's nutrients and total coliform. Furthermore, ozone-flotation harvesting of the resultant biomass was investigated, shown to be viable, and resulted in FAMEs of greater oxidation stability. Desmodesmus sp. and two mixed cultures were successfully grown on wastewater. Desmodesmus sp. grew rapidly, to a higher maximum biomass concentration of 0.58 g/L. A native mixed culture dominated by Oscillatoria and Arthrospira, reached 0.45 g/L and exhibited the highest lipid and FAME yield. The FAME obtained from ozone-flotation exhibited the greatest oxidative stability, as the degree of saturation was high. In principle ozone could therefore be used as a combined method of harvesting and reducing FAME unsaturation. During microalgae treatment, the total nitrogen in wastewater was reduced by 55.4-83.9%. More importantly, total coliform removal was as high as 99.8%.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK.
authors.forename: Oladapo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Komolafe
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK.
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Velasquez Orta
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Monje-Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Isaura
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yáñez Noguez
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK.
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico. Electronic address: mortal@iingen.unam.mx.
authors.forename: María T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Orta Ledesma
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000382:microbiology*; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004951:Esterification / Q000187:drug effects; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005410:Flame Ionization; D058086:Microalgae / Q000254:growth & development*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009584:Nitrogen; D010126:Ozone; D010710:Phosphates; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Biodiesel; Desmodesmus sp.; Microalgae; Ozone-flotation; Wastewater