title: Distinction between MOG antibody-positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical features among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) who have myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies, or seronegativity for both antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from patients diagnosed with NMOSD in 1 of 3 centers (2 sites in Brazil and 1 site in Japan) were tested for MOG and AQP4 antibodies using cell-based assays with live transfected cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 215 patients with NMOSD, 7.4% (16/215) were positive for MOG antibodies and 64.7% (139/215) were positive for AQP4 antibodies. No patients were positive for both antibodies. Patients with MOG antibodies represented 21.1% (16/76) of the patients negative for AQP4 antibodies. Compared with patients with AQP4 antibodies or patients who were seronegative, patients with MOG antibodies were more frequently male, had a more restricted phenotype (optic nerve more than spinal cord), more frequently had bilateral simultaneous optic neuritis, more often had a single attack, had spinal cord lesions distributed in the lower portion of the spinal cord, and usually demonstrated better functional recovery after an attack.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with NMOSD with MOG antibodies have distinct clinical features, fewer attacks, and better recovery than patients with AQP4 antibodies or patients seronegative for both antibodies.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Neurology (D.K.S., T.T., I.N., M.A.) and Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (T.M., K.F.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (D.C., F.M.d.H.J., S.L.A.-P., R.F.S., A.M.M.L.), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; CIEM MS Research Center (M.A.L.-P., N.T.), Federal University of Minas Gerais Medical School, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Neuroimmunology Group (P.J.W., M.I.L.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, UK.
authors.forename: Douglas Kazutoshi
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Dagoberto
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Callegaro
authors.forename: Marco Aurelio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lana-Peixoto
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Frederico M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: de Haidar Jorge
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Samira Luisa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Apostolos-Pereira
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Talim
authors.forename: Renata Faria
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Simm
authors.forename: Angelina Maria Martins
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lino
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misu
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujihara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / Q000276:immunology*; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C496030:AQP4 protein, human; D051401:Aquaporin 4; D001323:Autoantibodies; C571326:MOG protein, human; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein