title: Inhibitor of differentiation proteins do not influence prognosis of biliary tract cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression and clinical relevance of inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins in biliary tract cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  ID protein expression was analyzed in 129 samples from patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) (45 extrahepatic, 50 intrahepatic, and 34 gallbladder cancers), compared to normal controls and correlated with clinical an pathological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ID1-3 proteins are frequently overexpressed in all BTC subtypes analyzed. No correlation between increased ID protein expression and tumor grading, tumor subtype or treatment response was detected. Survival was influenced primary tumor localization (extrahepatic vs intrahepatic and gall bladder cancer, OS 1.5 years vs 0.9 years vs 0.7 years, P = 0.002), by stage at diagnosis (OS 2.7 years in stage I vs 0.6 years in stage IV, P < 0.001), resection status and response to systemic chemotherapy. In a multivariate model, ID protein expression did not correlate with clinical prognosis. Nevertheless, there was a trend of shorter OS in patients with loss of cytoplasmic ID4 protein expression (P = 0.076).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ID protein expression is frequently deregulated in BTC but does not influence clinical prognosis. Their usefulness as prognostic biomarkers in BTC is very limited.
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gumpp
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Graeff
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Opitz
authors.affiliation: Jan Harder, Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology and Oncology, Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken, 78221 Singen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasskarl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 / Q000032:analysis; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C497453:ID1 protein, human; C497450:ID2 protein, human; C490128:ID4 protein, human; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D051796:Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C075640:ID3 protein, human
keywords: Biliary tract cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma; Inhibitor of differentiation; Prognostic factors