title: Biomarkers for schistosomiasis: towards an integrative view of the search for an effective diagnosis.
abstract: Human schistosomiasis, caused mainly by Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. hematobium, remains a prevalent and serious parasitic disease worldwide. Although it is a debilitating disease, a lack of sensitive methods for the precise diagnosis of active infection cases is important to prevent morbidity. The optimization of new diagnostic approaches may be accomplished by the selection of specific markers. In that manner, markers can be satisfactorily used for detection of different phases of infection, as acute and chronic phases, pre-patent and post-patent phases and after chemotherapy, improving the efficiency of methods. For that purpose, proteomics and glycomics analyses have been performed in schistosomes, in particular S. mansoni, using powerful high-throughput methodologies. These investigations have not only chartered protein, o-glycan and n-glycan profiles across developmental stages within mammalian host, but are also leading to the characterization of features of the surface tegument, the eggshell and excretory-secretory proteomes of schistosomes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Monoclonal Antibody Facility, Research Center Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715/201, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais 35501-296, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silva-Moraes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais 35501-296, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Maria Siqueira
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Monoclonal Antibody Facility, Research Center Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715/201, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Marcos Zech
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Schistosomiasis, Monoclonal Antibody Facility, Research Center Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715/201, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil. Electronic address: rafaella@cpqrr.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Rafaella Fortini Queiroz
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Grenfell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011134:Polysaccharides; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Adult worm; Biomarkers; Diagnosis; Egg; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Schistossomula