title: Soybean meal enriched with microelements by biosorption--a new biological feed supplement for laying hens. Part I. Performance and egg traits.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of soybean meal enriched with Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) by biosorption on egg traits (egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, yolk colour, albumen height) and performance of laying hens. Also, the effect of increased microelement doses in biological form on egg quality parameters and hens performance was investigated. A consumer questionnaire was undertaken to evaluate the organoleptic parameters of the eggs. Generally, our study showed that in the groups fed with the new biological supplement, egg quality parameters improved, including eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, albumen height and yolk colour. The biological form of microelements also improved the feed conversion rate, especially in the group fed with a biological form of Cr(III). Moreover, the new supplement improved organoleptic parameters of the eggs, in comparison to the inorganic form of microelements as well as to chelate. Enriched soybean meal could constitute an alternative for currently used feed additives with microelements.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wroclaw University of Technology, I-26, ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: zuzanna.witkowska@pwr.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Witkowska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wroclaw University of Technology, I-26, ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: katarzyna.chojnacka@pwr.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chojnacka
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: mariusz.korczynski@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korczyński
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Świniarska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wroclaw University of Technology, I-26, ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: agnieszka.saeid@pwr.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeid
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: sebastian.opalinski@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Opaliński
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38 C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: zbigniew.dobrzanski@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dobrzański
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: Egg trait; Feed conversion; Haugh unit; Laying hen; Organoleptic parameter