title: The tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein slow green1 is required for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.
abstract: A new gene, SG1, was identified in a slow-greening mutant (sg1) isolated from an ethylmethanesulphonate-mutagenized population of Arabidopsis thaliana. The newly formed leaves of sg1 were initially albino, but gradually became pale green. After 3 weeks, the leaves of the mutant were as green as those of the wild-type plants. Transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that the mutant displayed delayed proplastid to chloroplast transition. The results of map-based cloning showed that SG1 encodes a chloroplast-localized tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR data demonstrated the presence of SG1 gene expression in all tissues, particularly young green tissues. The sg1 mutation disrupted the expression levels of several genes associated with chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. The results of genetic analysis indicated that gun1 and gun4 partially restored the expression patterns of the previously detected chloroplast-associated genes, thereby ameliorating the slow-greening phenotype of sg1. Taken together, the results suggest that the newly identified protein, SG1, is required for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yaqiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Suiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: C584540:ASI1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C519677:GUN1 protein, Arabidopsis; C472017:GUN4 protein, Arabidopsis; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll
keywords: Albino; Arabidopsis thaliana; chloroplast development; proplastid to chloroplast transition; slow greening; tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein.