title: Evaluation of the relationship between urodynamic examination and urinary tract infection based on urinalysis results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) after urodynamic examination by evaluating patients' clinical characteristics and urodynamic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and sixty-one female patients (mean age 58.7 ± 12.3 years) from May to December 2011 who had lower urinary tract symptoms or needed definite diagnosis before pelvic floor reconstruction or anti-incontinence surgery received urodynamic examination. All patients received urinalysis on the scheduled day of urodynamic examination and 3 days after urodynamic examination. Mid-stream urine samples were obtained for urinalysis before urodynamic examination. If patients had UTI based on our urinalysis criteria before urodynamic examination, the investigation was postponed until the patient had a 3-7-day course of antibiotic treatment and urinalysis showed no UTI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 261 patients, 19 and 51 patients had UTI before and after urodynamic examination, respectively. Our data suggest that urodynamic examination causes significantly increased incidence of UTI. Increased number of vaginal births, UTI before investigation, diabetes and decreased average flow rate are risk factors for UTI after urodynamic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the prevalence of UTI after urodynamic examination is higher than 10%, we recommend that prophylactic antibiotics should be given for high-risk patients with parameters such as older age, diabetes and multipara (>3). Those who have UTI before urodynamic examination and who are found to have a low average flow rate of less than 7 mL/second should take prophylactic antibiotics after examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fu-Tsai
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fei-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Che
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia Yi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: gynh2436@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Kuan-Hui
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine*; D014563:Urodynamics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: antibiotic; urinary tract infection; urodynamic study