title: Comparison of the penetration and passage of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans through membranes loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed at comparing the colonization and passage of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) through polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) membranes loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this in vitro study, PTFE and ADM membranes were loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine. The colonization and crossing of S. mutans and Aa through these membranes were evaluated using vials containing culture medium. Three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test were used for the statistical analyses (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The membranes loaded with antimicrobial agents significantly decreased bacterial passage compared with the control membranes (not loaded with antimicrobial agents). Significant differences were also detected between membranes in their inhibitory properties (p=0.011). PTFE membrane had higher barrier effect than ADM. Tetracycline had greater antibacterial activity against both species compared with amoxicillin (p=0.021) but had no significant difference with chlorhexidine in this respect (p=0.068). The antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine was in between those of tetracycline and amoxicillin, but the difference between amoxicillin and chlorhexidine in this respect was not statistically significant (p=0.992). Aa had better penetration into the membranes compared with S. mutans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results demonstrated that the penetration of S. mutans and Aa decreased into the membranes loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine and PTFE membrane had a greater barrier effect than ADM. Loading membranes with antimicrobial agents can effectively reduce membrane-associated infections during regenerative procedures.
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaghobee
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samadi
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khorsand
authors.forename: Amir Ali Rasouli
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ghahroudi
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadkhodazadeh
mesh_terms: D062088:Acellular Dermis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000658:Amoxicillin; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D013752:Tetracycline; D002710:Chlorhexidine