title: Irreversible electroporation: evolution of a laboratory technique in interventional oncology.
abstract: Electroporation involves applying electric field pulses to cells, leading to the alteration or destruction of cell membranes. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) creates permanent defects in cell membranes and induces cell death. By directly targeting IRE to tumors, percutaneous nonthermal ablation is possible. The history of IRE, evolution of concepts, theory, biological applications, and clinical data regarding its safety and efficacy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology (A.R.D., R.S.A., R.O. e-mail: roklu@mgh.harvard.edu) and the Center for Engineering in Medicine (A.G., M.L.Y., R.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Deipolyi
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golberg
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yarmush
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.forename: Rahmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oklu
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D018274:Electroporation / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical