title: Drug resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: from the traditional Chinese view to modern systems biology.
abstract: The pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is a well-evolved, organized pathogen that has developed drug resistance, specifically multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR). This review primarily summarizes the mechanisms of drug resistance by M. tuberculosis according to the traditional Chinese view. The traditional Chinese view of drug resistance includes: the physical barrier of the cell wall; mutations relating to current anti-TB agents; drug efflux pumps; and drug stress, including the SOS response systems, the mismatch repair systems and the toxin-antitoxin systems. In addition, this review addresses the integrated systems biology of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and interactomics. Development of the various levels of systems biology has enabled determination of the anatomy of bacteria. Finally, the current review proposes that further investigation regarding the population of individuals with a high drug metabolic speed is vital to further understand drug resistance in M. tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute , Tongzhou District, Beijing , China .
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zongde
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhaogang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D002681:China; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics / Q000235:genetics; D049490:Systems Biology; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Drug resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; stress response; systems biology; traditional Chinese view