title: Levulinic Acid.
abstract: 4-oxo-penta-noic acid), C5H8O3, is close to planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0762 Å). In the crystal, the mol-ecules inter-act via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in which the hy-droxy O atoms act as donors and the ketone O atoms in adjacent mol-ecules as acceptors, forming C(7) chains along [20-1].
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 14 Bankowa Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hachuła
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 14 Bankowa Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polasz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 14 Bankowa Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzida
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 4 Uniwersytecka Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 4 Uniwersytecka Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kusz