title: Sero-surveillance of equine infectious anemia virus in equines in India during more than a decade (1999-2012).
abstract: Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a retroviral infection of horses. Horses infected by EIA virus (EIAV) become inapparent carriers that remain asymptomatic for the remainder of their life span and serve as infection source to other horses. In this study, agar gel immunodiffusion test and ELISA were used to investigate the presence of antibodies to EIAV in equines. A total of 67,042 equine serum samples from 19 states and two union territories were tested during April 1999 to September 2012. The results revealed that none of the animals were positive for antibodies to EIAV from 1999 to December 2009. However, two EIAV sero-positive cases one each from indigenous and thoroughbred equines were detected in 2010 and 2012, respectively. Occurrence of EIA after a long gap of 11 years is indicative of reemergence of EIA in India which warrants concerted efforts in nationwide surveillance and monitoring for detection and elimination of EIAV carrier animals to prevent EIA outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Type Culture Collection, National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Harisankar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singha
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Sachin K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Sandip K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Rajender
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Type Culture Collection, National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Karuppusamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shanmugasundaram
authors.affiliation: Government of Uttarakhand, Haldwani, Uttarakhand India.
authors.forename: Shashti B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Government of Haryana, Manesar, Haryana India.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kant
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Birendra K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE), Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125 001 Haryana India.
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: AGID; ELISA; Equine infectious anaemia; India; Sero-prevalence