title: Trends in antiviral therapy of adults hospitalized with influenza in Canada since the end of the 2009 pandemic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple observational studies have associated antiviral treatment of patients hospitalized with influenza with improved outcome, including reduced mortality. During the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic increased use of antiviral treatment of hospital patients was reported. We have carried out prospective surveillance for influenza in patients in a large network of Canadian hospitals since 2006. We wished to assess trends in antiviral use in the two seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012) since the end of the pandemic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults (>16 years) testing positive for influenza at the time of or during admission to participating Canadian hospitals were prospectively reviewed. In 2009-2010 there were 1132 confirmed cases, 1107 in 2010-2011 and 631 in 2011-2012. Information on antiviral therapy was available in >95% in each year. Rising to 89.6% in 2009, the proportion of adult patients treated with antiviral therapy fell to 79.9% and 65.7% in the two subsequent seasons (p < 0.001). Oseltamivir was the antiviral agent used in >98% of cases in each year. The median time from onset of symptoms to initiation of antiviral therapy was three days. The treatment proportion fell across all age groups, co-morbid conditions and disease severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite evidence for benefit of antiviral therapy, and clinical practice guidelines recommending treatment of this population, antiviral therapy of Canadian adults hospitalized with influenza has progressively fallen in the two seasons since the end of the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic.
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. geoff.taylor@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGeer
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frenette
authors.forename: Kathryn N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amihod
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gravel