title: Patients with congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts and increased pulmonary vascular resistance: what predicts postoperative survival?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We carried out a retrospective data review of patients with systemic to pulmonary shunts that underwent surgical repair between February 1990 and February 2012 in order to assess preoperative pulmonary vascular dynamic risk factors for predicting early and late deaths due presumably to pulmonary vascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1024 cases of congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunt and advanced pulmonary vascular disease beyond infancy and early childhood were closed surgically. The mean follow up duration was 8.5±5.5 (range 0.7 to 20) years. Sixty-one in-hospital deaths (5.96%, 61/1024) occurred after the shunt closure procedure and there were 46 late deaths, yielding 107 total deaths. We analyzed preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), pulmonary vascular resistance index on pure oxygen challenge (PVRIO), difference between PVRI and PVRIO (PVRID), Qp∶Qs, and Rp∶Rs as individual risk predictors. The results showed that these individual factors all predicted in-hospital death and total death with PVRIO showing better performance than other risk factors. A multivariable Cox regression model was built,and suggested that PVRID and Qp∶Qs were informative factors for predicting survival time from late death and closure of congenital septal defects was safe with a PVRIO<10.3 WU.m(2) and PVRID>7.3 WU.m(2) on 100% oxygen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All 4 variables, PVRI, PVRIO, PVRID and Qp∶Qs, should be considered in deciding surgical closure of congenital septal defects and a PVRIO<10.3 WU.m(2) and PVRID>7.3 WU.m(2) on 100% oxygen are associated with a favorable risk benefit profile for the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Qun
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D055815:Young Adult