title: Hyperuricemia is a significant risk factor for the onset of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have examined whether hyperuricemia is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), so to investigate the significance of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for CKD, we analyzed data collected in annual health check-ups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 11,048 subjects who underwent an annual health check-up were analyzed in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for covariate factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c, and uric acid (hazard ratio: 1.66) were independently and significantly associated with CKD. We also analyzed the data of 1,652 subjects who underwent annual health check-ups for 5 consecutive years. Over that 5-year period, 93 subjects developed CKD. We compared the baseline data of the subjects who developed CKD with the data of those who did not, and we found significant between-group differences in gender, age, HDL-cholesterol, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and uric acid. After adjustment for several covariate factors, a multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only age and hyperuricemia (hazard ratio: 1.36) were independent risk factors for the development of CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishizaka
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid