title: In vitro Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation on Possibly Bioactive Titanium Surfaces in the Presence of Laminin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate calcium phosphate precipitation and the amount of precipitated protein on three potentially bioactive surfaces when adding laminin in simulated body fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  BLASTED TITANIUM DISCS WERE PREPARED BY THREE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES CLAIMED TO PROVIDE BIOACTIVITY: alkali and heat treatment (AH), anodic oxidation (AO) or hydroxyapatite coating (HA). A blasted surface incubated in laminin-containing simulated body fuid served as a positive control (B) while a blasted surface incubated in non laminin-containing simulated body fuid served as a negative control (B-). The immersion time was 1 hour, 24 hours, 72 hours and 1 week. Surface topography was investigated by interferometry and morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Analysis of the precipitated calcium and phosphorous was performed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and the adsorbed laminin was quantified by iodine ((125)I) labeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM demonstrated that all specimens except for the negative control were totally covered with calcium phosphate (CaP) after 1 week. EDX revealed that B- demonstrated lower sum of Ca and P levels compared to the other groups after 1 week. Iodine labeling demonstrated that laminin precipitated in a similar manner on the possibly bioactive surfaces as on the positive control surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that laminin precipitates equally on all tested titanium surfaces and may function as a nucleation center thus locally elevating the calcium concentration. Nevertheless further studies are required to clarify the role of laminin in the interaction of biomaterials with the host bone tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University Malmö Sweden. ; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bougas
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden. ; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.
authors.forename: Victoria Franke
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Stenport
authors.affiliation: Promimic AB Gothenburg Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University Malmö Sweden. ; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennerberg
keywords: biomaterials.; body fluid; calcium phosphates; laminin; titanium