title: [Early prediction of acute kidney injury in infants and young children after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in infants and toddlers and evaluate the possibility of predicting AKI with urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin 18 (IL-18), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), microalbumin (MA) and α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) after surgeries for congenital heart diseases with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight children (ages ≤ 3 years) who had undergone surgery for congenital heart diseases with CPB were enrolled. Urinary samples were collected before and 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h post CPB to detect the concentration of NGAL, IL-18, NAG, MA and α1-MG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AKI group had 29 cases, none AKI group also had 29 cases. Urinary concentration of NGAL 4, 6, and 12 h post CPB were significantly higher in AKI group (2820 µg/g, 905.7 µg/g, 76.1 µg/g separately) than in none AKI group (27.6 µg/g, 19.5 µg/g, 16.0 µg/g separately, P < 0.01). Urinary concentration of IL-18 4, 6, 12 and 24 h post CPB were significantly higher in AKI group than in none AKI group (P < 0.05). Urinary concentration of NAG 4 h and 6 h post CPB were significantly higher in AKI group than in none AKI group (P < 0.01). Urinary concentration of MA/UCr post CPB 4 h, 6 h and 12 h were significantly higher in AKI group than in none AKI group (P < 0.05). Urinary concentration of α1-MG/UCr post CPB 4 h, 6 h and 12 h were significantly higher in AKI group than in none AKI group (P < 0.01). All the five biomarkers had predictive abilities at 4-hour after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine biomarkers NGAL, IL-18, NAG, MA and α1-MG were valuable early predictors of AKI after CPB surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yan-yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jian-yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Guo-bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ying-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Email: hanl6610@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000652:urine; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D015415:Biomarkers; D020382:Interleukin-18; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C016001:alpha-1-microglobulin; D003404:Creatinine