title: Antimalarial evaluation of the chemical constituents of hairy root culture of Bixa orellana L.
abstract: Over 216 million malaria cases are reported annually worldwide and about a third of these cases, primarily children under the age of five years old, will not survive the infection. Despite this significant world health impact, only a limited number of therapeutic agents are currently available. The lack of scaffold diversity poses a threat in the event that multi-drug-resistant strains emerge. Terrestrial natural products have provided a major source of chemical diversity for starting materials in many FDA approved drugs over the past century. Bixa orellana L. is a popular plant used in South America for the treatment of malaria. In search of new potential therapeutic agents, the chemical constituents of a selected hairy root culture line of Bixa orellana L. were characterized utilizing NMR and mass spectrometry methods, followed by its biological evaluation against malaria strains 3D7 and K1. The crude extract and its isolated compounds demonstrated EC50 values in the micromolar range. Herein, we report our findings on the chemical constituents of Bixa orellana L. from hairy roots responsible for the observed antimalarial activity.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Taotao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA.
authors.forename: Fabricio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Medina-Bolivar
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA. Fatima.rivas@stjude.org.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivas
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D031212:Bixaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007536:Isomerism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000737:chemistry; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C011006:jasmonic acid