title: Race modifies the association between adiposity and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from the chronic renal insufficiency cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The race-specific association of inflammation with adiposity and muscle mass in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TGF-β, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, and serum albumin was measured in 3,939 Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study participants. Bioelectric impedance analysis was used to determine body fat mass (BFM) and fat-free mass (FFM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of hs-CRP, fibrinogen, IL-1RA, IL-6, and TNF-α increased and serum albumin decreased across the quartiles of body mass index. In multivariable analysis, BFM and FFM were positively associated with hs-CRP, fibrinogen, IL-1β, IL-1RA, and IL-6. One standard deviation (SD) increase in BFM and FFM was associated with 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33, 0.39) and 0.26 (95% CI = 0.22, 0.30) SD increase in log-transformed hs-CRP, respectively (P < 0.001). Race stratified analysis showed that the association between biomarkers and BFM and FFM differed by race, with Caucasians, demonstrating a stronger association with markers of inflammation than African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BFA and FFM are positively associated with markers of inflammation in patients with CKD. Race stratified analysis showed that Caucasians have a stronger association with markers of inflammation compared to African Americans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teal
authors.forename: Sankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navaneethan
authors.forename: Kaixiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Akinlolu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.forename: Nicolas N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Muredach
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolman
authors.forename: Sylvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lustigova
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Master
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Appleby
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kusek
authors.forename: Harold I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Dominic S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Raj
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012709:Serum Albumin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein