title: Meta-analysis of the adjunctive use of mitomycin C in primary and revision, external and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether application of the anti-proliferation agent, mitomycin C (MMC), to the osteotomy site during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery increases surgical success rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical studies relating to the adjunctive use of MMC in primary and revision, as well as external (EX-DCR) and endonasal DCR (EN-DCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 studies met our inclusion criteria with a total of 850 DCR procedures. The mean concentration of MMC used was 0.3 mg/ml (range 0.02-0.75 mg/ml) and mean duration of application 18 min (range 2-30 min). MMC significantly reduced the failure rate of primary EX-DCR (risk ratio, RR, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.31-0.86) and revision EN-DCR (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.21-0.89). The adjunctive use of MMC in primary EN-DCR, however, did not confer a significant reduction in failure rate compared with control (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.44-2.04). We found a deficiency of evidence regarding the potential benefit of MMC in revision EX-DCR. Only two cases of adverse effects relating to the use of MMC were reported among the studies, both of which related to delayed wound healing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of MMC to the osteotomy site is a safe and effective way of increasing surgical success rate in primary EX-DCR and revision EN-DCR, but does not provide any significant benefit in primary EN-DCR. Further studies are required to evaluate the potential effect of MMC in revision EX-DCR.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital , Headington, Oxford , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kanmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Faye E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Mellington
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012086:Reoperation; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D016685:Mitomycin
keywords: Dacryocystorhinostomy; endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy; external dacryocystorhinostomy; meta-analysis; mitomycin C