title: SIU/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: The management of anterior urethral stricture disease using substitution urethroplasty.
abstract: In this systematic review of the literature, a search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify articles dealing with augmentation/substitution urethral reconstruction of the anterior urethral stricture. The evidence was categorized by stricture site, surgical technique, and the type of tissue used. The committee appointed by the International Consultation on Urological Disease reviewed this data and produced a consensus statement relating to the augmentation and substitution of the anterior urethra. In this review article, the background pathophysiology is discussed. Most cases of urethral stricture disease in the anterior urethra are consequent on an ischemic spongiofibrosis. The choice of technique and the surgical approach are discussed along with the potential pros and cons of the use of a graft vs a flap. There is research potential for tissue engineering. The efficacy of the surgical approach to the urethra is reviewed. Whenever possible, a 1-stage approach is preferable from the patient's perspective. In some cases, with complex penile urethral strictures, a 2-stage procedure might be appropriate, and there is an important potential role for the use of a perineal urethrostomy in cases where there is an extensive anterior urethral stricture or where the patient does not wish to undergo complex surgery, or medical contraindications make this hazardous. It is important to have accurate outcome measures for the follow-up of patients, and in this context, a full account needs to be taken of patients' perspectives by the use of appropriate patient-reported outcome measures. The use of symptoms and a flow rate can be misleading. It is well established that with a normally functioning bladder, the flow rate does not diminish until the caliber of the urethra falls below 10F. The most accurate means of following up patients after stricture surgery are by the use of endoscopy or visualization by urethrography. Careful consideration needs to be made of the outcomes reported in the world literature, bearing in mind these aforementioned points. The article concludes with an overview of the key recommendations provided by the committee.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Research, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Electronic address: c.r.chapple@shef.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atala
authors.affiliation: Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery, Arezzo, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbagli
authors.affiliation: Rua Emílio Wolf, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.affiliation: Center for Reconstructive Urology, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Research, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangera
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D032921:Consensus; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*