title: Heat profiles of laser-irradiated nails.
abstract: Onychomycosis is a worldwide problem with no tendency for self-healing, and existing systemic treatments achieve disease-free nails in only 35 to 76% of cases. Recently, treatment of nail fungus with a near-infrared laser has been introduced. It is assumed that fungal eradication is mediated by local heat. To investigate if laser treatment has the potential to eradicate fungal hyphae and arthrospores, laser heat application and propagation needs to be studied in detail. This study aimed to measure nail temperatures using real-time videothermography during laser irradiation. Treatment was performed using 808- and 980-nm linear scanning diode lasers developed for hair removal, enabling contact-free homogeneous irradiation of a human nail plate in one pass. Average and peak temperatures increased pass by pass, while the laser beam moved along the nail plates. The achieved mean peak temperatures (808 nm: 74.1 to 112.4°C, 980 nm: 45.8 to 53.5°C), as well as the elevation of average temperatures (808 nm: 29.5 to 38.2°C, 980 nm: 27.1 to 32.6°C) were associated with pain that was equivalent to that of hair removal procedures and was not significantly different for various wavelengths. The linear scanning laser devices provide the benefits of contact-free homogeneous heating of the human nail while ensuring adequate temperature rises.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Paasch
authors.affiliation: Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Partnerschaft Prof. Pietro Nenoff & Dr. Constanze Krüger, Mölbis 04579, Germany.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nenoff
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna-Theresa
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
authors.forename: Justinus A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kendler
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grunewald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009262:Nails / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000628:therapy*; D010146:Pain; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D013817:Thermography