title: Human cadaver multipotent stromal/stem cells isolated from arteries stored in liquid nitrogen for 5 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regenerative medicine challenges researchers to find noncontroversial, safe and abundant stem cell sources. In this context, harvesting from asystolic donors could represent an innovative and unlimited reservoir of different stem cells. In this study, cadaveric vascular tissues were established as an alternative source of human cadaver mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hC-MSCs). We reported the successful cell isolation from postmortem arterial segments stored in a tissue-banking facility for at least 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  After thawing, hC-MSCs were isolated with a high efficiency (12×10⁶) and characterized with flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, molecular and ultrastructural approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In early passages, hC-MSCs were clonogenic, highly proliferative and expressed mesenchymal (CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, HLA-G), stemness (Stro-1, Oct-4, Notch-1), pericyte (CD146, PDGFR-β, NG2) and neuronal (Nestin) markers; hematopoietic and vascular markers were negative. These cells had colony and spheroid-forming abilities, multipotency for their potential to differentiate in multiple mesengenic lineages and immunosuppressive activity to counteract proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blood mononuclear cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficient procurement of stem cells from cadaveric sources, as postmortem vascular tissues, demonstrates that such cells can survive to prolonged ischemic insult, anoxia, freezing and dehydration injuries, thus paving the way for a scientific revolution where cadaver stromal/stem cells could effectively treat patients demanding cell therapies.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alviano
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciavarella
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buzzi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tazzari
authors.forename: Pasqualepaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pagliaro
authors.forename: Gianandrea
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasquinelli
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001158:Arteries / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002102:Cadaver; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015925:Cryopreservation; D000071063:Endoglin; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D064231:Nestin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051881:Receptor, Notch1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057905:Stem Cell Research; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000941:Antigens; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D000071063:Endoglin; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D064231:Nestin; D009584:Nitrogen; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D011509:Proteoglycans; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C497483:CD44 protein, human; C064206:ENG protein, human; C497761:NOTCH1 protein, human; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C525591:STRO-1 antigen, human; C548241:NT5E protein, human