title: Effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle cytokine expression in the elderly.
abstract: Aging is associated with increased circulating pro-inflammatory and lower anti-inflammatory cytokines. Exercise training, in addition to improving muscle function, reduces these circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Yet, few studies have evaluated changes in the expression of cytokines within skeletal muscle after exercise training. The aim of the current study was to examine the expression of cytokines both at rest and following a bout of isokinetic exercise performed before and after 12weeks of resistance exercise training in young (n=8, 20.3±0.8yr) and elderly men (n=8, 66.9±1.6yr). Protein expression of various cytokines was determined in muscle homogenates. The expression of MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-6 (which are traditionally classified as 'pro-inflammatory') increased substantially after acute exercise. By contrast, the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 increased only slightly (or not at all) after acute exercise. These responses were not significantly different between young and elderly men, either before or after 12weeks of exercise training. However, compared with the young men, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines 2h post exercise tended to be greater in the elderly men prior to training. Training attenuated this difference. These data suggest that the inflammatory response to unaccustomed exercise increases with age. Furthermore, regular exercise training may help to normalize this inflammatory response, which could have important implications for muscle regeneration and adaptation in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Della Gatta
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Garnham
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peake
authors.affiliation: Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: d.cameron-smith@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cameron-Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Aging; Chemokine; Hypertrophy; Inflammation; Myokine; Sarcopenia; Strength