title: Increased expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in aorta of patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the aorta of patients with coronary atherosclerosis and to evaluate the relationship between aortic expression levels of MIF and atherosclerotic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected discarded aortic specimens from patients (N.=36) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), and studied the presence and distribution of MIF by immunohistochemistry. The arterial tissues from 10 subjects without known atherosclerosis through the kidney donation program were taken as control group. The preoperative serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin levels of patients were examined and the coronary angiography was performed in order to assess the severity of atherosclerotic lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIF was detectable in aorta from CABG patients. The aortic MIF expression was elevated in smokers, and patients with hypertension or diabetes. In addition, the aortic MIF expression was associated with the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein B, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and coronary severity scores in simple regression analysis. However, the expression of MIF was only correlated to coronary severity scores in multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIF is overexpressed in aorta from patients with coronary atherosclerosis and the aortic MIF expression is correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China - xingqichong@163.com.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human