title: Purification effects of two eco-ditch systems on Chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse culture wastewater pollution.
abstract: The present study used an eco-ditch system that employed Eichhornia crassipes, Bacillus subtilis, and Bellamya aeruginosa (E-B-B) during the summer and fall (high temperature) seasons and a second eco-ditch system that employed Elodea nuttallii, a compound microbial preparation called "EM bacteria", and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (E-E-H) during the winter and spring (low temperature) seasons successively to purify the discharged wastewater produced by Chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse cultivation. The wastewater was sampled, and the dynamic changes in the major nutrient pollutant indicators over several months were analysed. After the E-B-B and E-E-H eco-ditch purification systems were operated for nearly 140 days each, the following results were observed: the total nitrogen (TN) removal rates in the wastewater were 75 % and 69 %, respectively; the total phosphorus (TP) removal rates were 82 % and 86 %, respectively; the NH4 (+)-N removal rates were 91 % and 75 %, respectively; the chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) decreased 54 % and 44 %, respectively; the dissolved oxygen (DO) contents increased nearly 3 to 4 times; and the wastewater was maintained at neutral or alkaline pH values. The wastewater physical traits gradually changed from being yellow, brown, and muddy to being pale yellow, slightly turbid, and odourless. Both eco-ditch systems were observed to have a relatively favourable effect on the purification of Chinese soft-shelled turtle aquaculture wastewater. The continuous use of both eco-ditch systems could result in a year-round purification effect on Chinese soft-shelled turtle greenhouse aquaculture wastewater; therefore, this method has good prospects for promotion and application.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jinyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D014426:Turtles; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical