title: Coordination of plant mitochondrial biogenesis: keeping pace with cellular requirements.
abstract: Plant mitochondria are complex organelles that carry out numerous metabolic processes related with the generation of energy for cellular functions and the synthesis and degradation of several compounds. Mitochondria are semiautonomous and dynamic organelles changing in shape, number, and composition depending on tissue or developmental stage. The biogenesis of functional mitochondria requires the coordination of genes present both in the nucleus and the organelle. In addition, due to their central role, all processes held inside mitochondria must be finely coordinated with those in other organelles according to cellular demands. Coordination is achieved by transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins by specific transcription factors that recognize conserved elements in their promoter regions. In turn, the expression of most of these transcription factors is linked to developmental and environmental cues, according to the availability of nutrients, light-dark cycles, and warning signals generated in response to stress conditions. Among the signals impacting in the expression of nuclear genes, retrograde signals that originate inside mitochondria help to adjust mitochondrial biogenesis to organelle demands. Adding more complexity, several nuclear encoded proteins are dual localized to mitochondria and either chloroplasts or the nucleus. Dual targeting might establish a crosstalk between the nucleus and cell organelles to ensure a fine coordination of cellular activities. In this article, we discuss how the different levels of coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis interconnect to optimize the function of the organelle according to both internal and external demands.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina ; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Welchen
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina ; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lucila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina ; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natanael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mansilla
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina ; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
keywords: coordination; mitochondrial biogenesis; mitochondrial dynamics; post-transcriptional gene regulation; retrograde signal; site II