title: Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization measurement of telomere length in skin with/without sun exposure or actinic keratosis.
abstract: Chromosomal and genomic instability due to telomere dysfunction is known to play an important role in carcinogenesis. To study telomere shortening in the epidermis surrounding actinic keratosis, we measured telomere lengths of basal, parabasal, and suprabasal cells in epidermis with actinic keratosis (actinic keratosis group, n = 18) and without actinic keratosis (sun-protected, n = 15, and sun-exposed, n = 13 groups) and in actinic keratosis itself as well as in dermal fibroblasts in the 3 groups, using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. Among the 3 cell types, telomeres of basal cells were not always the longest, suggesting that tissue stem cells are not necessarily located among basal cells. Telomeres of basal cells in the sun-exposed group were shorter than those in the sun-protected group. Telomeres in the background of actinic keratosis and in actinic keratosis itself and those of fibroblasts in actinic keratosis were significantly shorter than those in the controls. Our findings demonstrate that sun exposure induces telomere shortening and that actinic keratosis arises from epidermis with shorter telomeres despite the absence of any histologic atypia.
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan. Electronic address: aidaj@tmig.or.jp.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatamochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Naotaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Izumiyama-Shimomura
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo 150-8935, Japan.
authors.forename: Mutsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo 150-8935, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hadano Red Cross Hospital, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan.
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Genomics, The Cancer Institute, The Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan. Electronic address: takubo@tmig.or.jp.
authors.forename: Kaiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takubo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D059506:Telomere Shortening / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Actinic keratosis; Aging; Dermis; Epidermis; Photoaging; Q-FISH; Telomere