title: Roles of liver fluke infection as risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Several factors are known to be associated with risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and infection with the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, has often been singled out as the leading risk factor in east and southeast Asia. In this review, current knowledge of their biology, life cycle, and pathogenesis of O. viverrini, and its role as a carcinogenic parasite are presented. The trends of age-specific incidence of liver cancer in Khon Kaen, northeast Thailand are considered and compared with the prevalence profiles of O. viverrini. Potential impacts of the liver fluke control program particularly by mass drug administration (MDA) and public health education in the past and a recent drop of incidence of CCA are discussed in relation to primary prevention and control of this fatal bile duct cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparb Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. paib_sit@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Paiboon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sithithaworn
authors.forename: Puangrat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yongvanit
authors.forename: Kunyarat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duenngai
authors.forename: Nadda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiatsopit
authors.forename: Chawalit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pairojkul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000469:parasitology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D003004:Clonorchis sinensis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009891:Opisthorchis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014201:Trematode Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma; Liver cancer; Liver fluke; Opisthorchis viverrini; Thailand