title: Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in the USA, the UK and Australia: an international survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure knowledge and awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in the USA, the UK and Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the USA, UK and Australia completed an anonymous web-based survey measuring awareness and knowledge of HPV (n=2409). We report analyses on a subsample of 1473 men and women in the USA (n=617), UK (n=404) and Australia (n=452) who had heard of HPV and completed questions about HPV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 50% of the sample (742/1473) had heard of HPV testing. Awareness of HPV testing was higher in the USA (62%) than in the UK (44%) and Australia (40%) (p<0.001). Among those who had heard of HPV testing, the mean knowledge score (out of 6) was 2.78 (SD: 1.49). No significant differences in knowledge score were found between the countries but, overall, women scored significantly higher than men (2.96 vs 2.52, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of HPV testing among people who have heard of HPV is higher in the USA than in the UK and Australia, but overall knowledge is low. This has important implications in those countries where HPV testing is being used in cervical screening. Increasing knowledge about the implications of HPV test results may help minimise any negative psychological consequences associated with HPV testing. Raising awareness in men could become increasingly important if HPV testing is introduced into the management of other cancers where HPV plays an aetiological role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, UCL, , London, UK.
authors.forename: Rachael H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Kirsten J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McCaffery
authors.forename: Laura A V
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostini
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zimet
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: HPV; Screening; Testing