title: Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) among older people with chronic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to test the construct validity, factor structure and reliability of the 11-item version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11, Swedish version) among older people (65+) with chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methodological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  433 participants with chronic pain (mean age 74.8, 65-98 years) completed postal questionnaires. 264 of the participants completed a test-retest assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Construct validity was evaluated through corrected item-total correlations. Convergent validity was analyzed by correlations with activity/activities of daily living (ADL) dependence, pain intensity and physical activity (all of which are constructs related to kinesiophobia according to fear-avoidance theories). Factor structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability, analyzed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted κ coefficient analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence of convergent validity was shown by significant positive correlations with activity/ADL dependence (r = 0.20) and pain intensity (r = 0.31), and a significant negative correlation with physical activity (r = -0.38). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that both one- and two factor-solutions were possible. Cronbach's α coefficients ranged between 0.74 and 0.87. Test-retest analysis showed strong agreement regarding ICC (r = 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.82). The weighted κ coefficients for the individual items showed fair to moderate reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Swedish version of TSK-11 had acceptable construct validity, factor structure, and reliability and, hence, can be considered suitable for older people with chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne , Malmö , Sweden .
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Eva Ekvall
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jakobsson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007698:Kinesis; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
keywords: Aged; Tampa scale; fear of movement; kinesiophobia; pain; psychometric evaluation