title: Effects of Methylphenidate on Default-Mode Network/Task-Positive Network Synchronization in Children With ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A failure of the anti-phase synchronization between default-mode (DMN) and task-positive networks (TPN) may be involved in a main manifestation of ADHD: moment-to-moment variability. The study investigated whereby methylphenidate may improve TPN/DMN synchronization in ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven drug-naive ADHD children and 11 typically developing (TD) children performed a flanker task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ADHD group was scanned without and 1 month later with methylphenidate. The signal was analyzed by independent component analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TD group showed anti-phase DMN/TPN synchronization. The unmedicated ADHD group showed synchronous activity in the posterior DMN only, which was positively correlated with response time variability for the flanker task. Methylphenidate initiated a partial anti-phase TPN/DMN synchronization, reduced variability, and abolished the variability/DMN correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although results should be interpreted cautiously because the sample size is small, they suggest that a failure of the TPN/DMN synchronization could be involved in the moment-to-moment variability in ADHD. Methylphenidate initiated TPN/DMN synchronization, which in turn appeared to reduce variability.
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.|2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Querne
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.|2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France.
authors.forename: Sidy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.|2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Gaëlle
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Le Moing
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bourel-Ponchel
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.|2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delignières
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.
authors.forename: Anais
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonnot
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Broca
authors.affiliation: 3 Service de Radiologie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gondry-Jouet
authors.affiliation: 4 LNFP EA4559, Université Lille-Nord, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boucart
authors.affiliation: 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.|2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berquin
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: ADHD; fMRI; methylphenidate; variability