title: Surgical approach to hyploplastic left heart syndrome - Norwood Stage I.
abstract: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is characterized by left ventricular and ascending aorta hypoplasia. The treatment of this condition usually involves three surgical stages beginning with the Norwood Stage I operation and culminating in the Fontan-Kreutzer procedure with an intermediate cavopulmonary shunt. We will illustrate our current surgical approach for the Norwood Stage I reconstructive procedure.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Evelio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Mamdouh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmadi
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Spray