title: Do cognitive measures of response inhibition differentiate between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder?
abstract: This study examined whether cognitive measures of response inhibition derived from the AX-CPT are able to differentiate between adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and healthy controls (HC). Current DSM-IV-TR symptoms of ADHD and BPD were assessed by structured diagnostic interviews, and parent developmental interviews were used to assess childhood ADHD symptoms. Patients (14 ADHD, 12 BPD, 7 ADHD and BPD, and 37 HC) performed the AX-CPT. Seventy percent of AX-CPT trials were target (AX) trials, creating a bias to respond with a target response to X probes in the nontarget (AY, BX, BY) trials. On BX trials, context, i.e. the non-'A' letter, must be used to inhibit this prepotent response tendency. On AY trials context actually causes individuals to false alarm. The effects of ADHD and BPD on AX-CPT outcome were tested using two-way ANOVA. BPD was associated with higher percentage of errors across the task and more errors and slower responses on BX trials, whereas ADHD was associated with slower responses on AY trials. The findings suggest response inhibition problems to be present in both ADHD and BPD, and patients with BPD to be particularly impaired due to poor context processing.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry (961), P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: fevandijk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry (961), P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arnt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schellekens
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry (961), P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van den Broek
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry (961), P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry (961), P.O.Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robbert-Jan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Verkes
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Departments of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AX-CPT; Adults; Inhibition