title: Rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Chrysanthemum indicum L and its antibacterial and cytotoxic effects: an in vitro study.
abstract: The present work reports a simple, cost-effective, and ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Chrysanthemum indicum and its antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by color change, and it was further characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (435 nm). The phytochemical screening of C. indicum revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides, suggesting that these compounds act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The crystalline nature of the synthesized particles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, as they exhibited face-centered cubic symmetry. The size and morphology of the particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, which showed spherical shapes and sizes that ranged between 37.71-71.99 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy documented the presence of silver. The antimicrobial effect of the synthesized AgNPs revealed a significant effect against the bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, cytotoxic assays showed no toxicity of AgNPs toward 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast cells (25 μg/mL); hence, these particles were safe to use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Selvaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arokiyaraj
authors.affiliation: Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mariadhas Valan
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Arasu
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Development, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Savariar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Vel Tech Dr RR and Dr SR Technical University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Nyayirukannaian Udaya
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Kyoon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Choon
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea ; Department of Animal Science, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D041701:Swiss 3T3 Cells
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver
keywords: Chrysanthemum indicum; antibacterial activity; cytotoxic; green synthesis; silver nanoparticle