title: Reliability and validity testing of an archery chronometer.
abstract: Keeping the arrow velocity constant during consecutive shots and responding to "clicker's fall "are considered to be an important feature of archery performance. A specially designed device called an archery chronometer was developed to measure the reaction time of an archer to clicker's fall, arrow velocity, and external factors that may affect arrow velocity. The purposes of this study were to test (1) the validity of Clicker Reaction Time (CRT) measurer, and (2) the reliability of CRT in accordance with the Flying Time (FT)/Average Speed (AS), temperature (TEMP), wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD) measurements. 20 elite archers participated in this study. The Reaction Time (RT), which was derived from EMG values and CRT from the archery chronometer were correlated to test the validity of the CRT measurer. The test re-test method was applied to test the reliability of archery chronometer. CRT scores were related with RT scores (r = .787, p < 0.01). The archery chronometer was valid in terms of predicting reaction time. The device was found to be reliable in measuring CRT, AS, FT, WS, WD, and TEMP. It was concluded that archery chronometer could be used for technical evaluation and enhancing ones shooting technique in archery. Key PointsClicker Reaction Time could be used as a predictor of Reaction Time in archery.Archery Chronometer can be used for evaluating the archers' shooting technique and the bow-arrow interaction.Archery Chronometer can also be used as an indicator for ballistic flight of an arrow.Archery Chronometer can be used by the coaches and the archers to evaluate and enhance shooting technique in the natural settings of their training environment.
authors.affiliation: Middle East Technical University , Physical Education and Sports Department, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hayri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ertan
authors.affiliation: Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University , UK.
authors.forename: Behzat B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Kentel
authors.affiliation: Middle East Technical University , Mechanical Engineering Department, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: S Turgut
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tümer
authors.affiliation: Middle East Technical University , Physical Education and Sports Department, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Feza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Korkusuz
keywords: Archery; electromyography (EMG); muscular analysis; reaction time