title: Biodegradation of azo dyes acid red 183, direct blue 15 and direct red 75 by the isolate Penicillium oxalicum SAR-3.
abstract: Soils contaminated with dyes were collected and screened for obtaining potential fungal strains for the degradation of azo dyes. A strain that demonstrated broad spectrum ability for catabolizing different azo dyes viz. Acid Red 183 (AR 183), Direct Blue 15 (DB 15) and Direct Red 75 (DR 75) at 100 mg L(-1) concentration was subsequently identified as Penicillium oxalicum SAR-3 based on 18S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequence analysis. The strain has shown remarkably higher levels of degradation (95-100%) for almost all the dyes within 120 h at 30°C at pH 7.0. Notable levels of manganese peroxidase (659.4 ± 20 UL(-1)) during dye decolorization indicated the involvement of this enzyme in the decolorization process. The dyes following decolorization were catabolized as evident by spectroscopic analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
authors.forename: Samta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saroj
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
authors.forename: Karunesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pareek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India. Electronic address: rpsbsfbs@iitr.ernet.in.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007221:Industry; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010407:Penicillium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; C000588718:Direct Red 75; C000591796:acid red 183; C035549:direct blue 15; D010544:Peroxidases; C051129:manganese peroxidase
keywords: Azo dyes; Bioremediation; Decolorization; Manganese peroxidases; Penicillium oxalicum