title: Secondary metabolic syndrome: the frequency of factors which may underlie the parameters of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Each of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin resistance) may arise from an underlying disease or factors such as hormonal or pharmacological factors. These components arising secondary to a reason other than life style disturbances cause secondary MetS. The present study aimed to present, for the first time, the factors affecting secondary MetS.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study at Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, from June 2010 to February 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  The underlying causes in 902 MetS patients with a mean age of 53.5 (12.9) years, of whom 79% were female, were investigated. A detailed evaluation was made, which comprised a history for drugs, diseases and habits that may manifest MetS parameters, physical examination, and laboratory analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10.6% of the patients, hypothyroidism was determined as the main factor affecting secondary MetS, and in 4.1% the use of corticosteroid was determined as the main factor. Other factors underlie affecting secondary MetS are as follows: the use of thiazide diuretics (22.8%), beta-blockers (12.5%), antiphysichotics (2.1%), insulins (12.8%), insulin secretagog oral hypoglycemics (13.8%), thiazolidinediones (4.9%), oral contraceptives (0.8%), and alcohol intake (2.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypothyroidism and corticosteroid treatment are the leading causes of secondary MetS. While evaluating the patients, it is a prerequisite to determine the high frequency of other factors that may affect the presence and the degree of MetS parameters.
authors.forename: Aytekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: Dr. Banu Mesci, Internal Medicine,, Istanbul Medeniyet University,, Oncu sk. Seher apt 5/10,, Suadiye Kadikoy,, Istanbul 34740, Turkey, T: +905322923159, F: +902165655526, banualpaslan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mesci
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sagun
authors.forename: Damla Coksert
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Demet Ozgil
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akalin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids