title: Soluble CD163 is associated with CD163 mRNA expression in adipose tissue and with insulin sensitivity in steady-state condition but not in response to calorie restriction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soluble CD163 (sCD163) was suggested as a biomarker of insulin sensitivity and CD163 mRNA expression representing macrophage content in adipose tissue (AT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate, in cross-sectional and prospective design, the relationship between sCD163 circulating levels and CD163 mRNA expression in adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts of subjects were examined in the study. Cohort 1 included 42 women with a wide range of body mass index (17-48 kg/m(2)); cohort 2 included 27 obese women who followed a dietary intervention consisting of 1 month of a very low-calorie diet and 5 months of a weight-stabilization period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of CD163 and mRNA expression of CD163 and CD68 in sc and visceral (visc) AT were determined, and insulin sensitivity [expressed as glucose disposal rate (GDR)] was measured in cohort 1. In cohort 2, serum levels of CD163, mRNA expressions of CD163, CD68, and CD163-shedding factors [TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP3)] in sc AT were examined and GDR was measured before and during dietary intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cohort 1, circulating sCD163 correlated with CD163 mRNA levels in both sc and visc AT. sCD163 and CD163 mRNA expression in both fat depots correlated with GDR. In cohort 2, the diet-induced changes of sCD163 levels did not correlate with those of CD163, CD68, TACE, and TIMP3 mRNA levels. Although the pattern of the diet-induced change of sCD163 paralleled that of GDR, there was no correlation between the changes of these two variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sCD163 correlates with CD163 mRNA expression in sc and visc AT and with whole-body insulin sensitivity in the steady-state condition. These associations are not observed with respect to the diet-induced changes during a weight-reducing hypocaloric diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine (J.K., L.R., Z.K., E.K., J.P., M.T., L.M., V.S., M.S.) and Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (J.K., L.R., Z.K., E.K., M.T., L.M., V.S., D.L., M.S.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 100 00 Czech Republic; INSERM, 31059 Toulouse, France; INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048 (D.L.), Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048 (D.L.), Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry (D.L.), Toulouse University Hospitals, 31000 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kračmerová
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossmeislová
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kováčová
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klimčáková
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polák
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tencerová
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mališová
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Štich
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Šiklová
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface