title: Perceived quality, clarity, and accuracy of manually processed and self-developing radiographs in endodontics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate perceived quality, clarity, and accuracy of self-developing films compared to conventional D- and E-speed manually processed films, and to evaluate their ease of use and satisfaction amongst pre-clinical dental students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesiobuccal root canals of 30 extracted mandibular molar teeth were instrumented and size 10 K-files were glued into the canals at 3 different levels. Each tooth was exposed thrice with the same angulation using conventional E-speed, D-speed, and self-developing films. Conventional films were processed manually and self-developing films according to the manufacturer's instructions, which required 50 seconds of contact time with the solution. Radiographs were evaluated by 4 examiners for quality, clarity, and apical position of the file. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to evaluate the ease of use, quality, and satisfaction of undergraduate students. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test, significant at p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quality and clarity of conventional E-speed films was perceived as significantly better than that of D-speed and self-developing films (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference amongst the 3 film types for recorded file positions (p > 0.05). The results of the student survey corroborated the examiners' views that the self-developing radiographic films were of poor quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manually processed E-speed films provided significantly superior quality and clarity of images, but for apical file position, no significant differences were found amongst the 3 film types. Conventional E-speed, D-speed, and self-developing films are all adequate for measuring endodontic working lengths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alshwaimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majeed