title: Ocular penetration and efficacy of levofloxacin using different drug-delivery techniques for the prevention of endophthalmitis in rabbit eyes with posterior capsule rupture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of different drug-delivery techniques for levofloxacin (LVFX) in ocular penetration and the prevention of endophthalmitis using an aphakic rabbit model with posterior capsule rupture (PCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  LVFX was administered to aphakic rabbit eyes with or without PCR using eye drops (EDs), subconjunctival injection (SCI), or intracameral (IC) injection. The concentration of the drug in the vitreous and aqueous humors was estimated at 2 h after injection. In another study, aphakic rabbit eyes with PCR were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, immediately followed by 0.5% LVFX ED, 0.5% moxifloxacin (MFLX) ED, LVFX IC (500 μg/0.1 mL), or IC saline. EDs were administered 0, 3, and 6 h after surgery. Changes on electroretinography (ERG) and intraocular bacterial growth were determined sequentially until 48 h after inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of LVFX at 2 h after IC were higher in the aqueous humor and the vitreous cavity of eyes with or without PCR, compared with EDs or SCI. Eyes treated with LVFX ED, MFLX ED, or IC saline showed a significantly greater reduction in b-wave amplitude on ERG at 48 h compared with eyes treated with LVFX IC. The number of bacteria recovered from the vitreous humor in eyes treated with IC LVFX at 48 h was significantly less than from eyes that received other treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LVFX IC was effective at suppressing endophthalmitis caused by E. faecalis in eyes with a PCR.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine , Ehime, Japan .
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Arisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tasaka
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mito
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D064704:Levofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D057851:Posterior Capsular Rupture, Ocular / Q000382:microbiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D064704:Levofloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin