title: Dietary fructose-related adiposity and glucocorticoid receptor function in visceral adipose tissue of female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Excessive fructose intake coincides with the growing rate of obesity and metabolic syndrome, with women being more prone to these disorders than men. Findings that detrimental effects of fructose might be mediated by glucocorticoid regeneration in adipose tissue only indirectly implicated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether fructose overconsumption induces derangements in GR expression and function that might be associated with fructose-induced adiposity in females.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined effects of fructose-enriched diet on GR expression and function in visceral adipose tissue of female rats. Additionally, we analyzed the expression of genes involved in glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism [11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase], lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) and lipogenesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fructose-fed rats had elevated energy intake that resulted in visceral adiposity, as indicated by increased visceral adipose tissue mass and its share in the whole-body weight. GR hormone binding capacity and affinity, as well as the expression of GR gene at both mRNA and protein levels were reduced in visceral adipose tissue of the rats on fructose diet. The glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism was stimulated, as evidenced by elevated tissue corticosterone, while the key regulators of lipolysis and lipogenesis remained unaffected by fructose diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the 11βHSD1-mediated elevation of intracellular corticosterone may induce GR downregulation, which may be associated with failure of GR to stimulate lipolysis in fructose-fed female rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kovačević
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nestorov
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matić
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elaković
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D002149:Energy Intake; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008066:Lipolysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C020552:galactose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; D002787:Sterol Esterase