title: Guidance on water intake effectively improves urinary frequency in patients with nocturia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate how guidance on water-intake impacts the degree of nocturia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 67 male patients were enrolled in the present study. Patients were asked to adjust their water and food intakes so that their 24-h urine production/bodyweight would be equal or lower than 30 mL/kg. One month after the treatment, the therapeutic gain from and adverse effects of fluid restriction were examined by comparing the pretreatment and post-treatment value of various parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 65 eligible patients were evaluated. In 44 patients (67%), the frequency of nocturia was improved to one or more times. The change in frequency of nocturia showed a positive correlation with the change in nocturnal urine volume. The change in nocturnal urine volume showed a positive correlation with the changes in 24-h urine production/bodyweight, 24-h drinking volume and daytime drinking volume. The changes in 24-h urine production/bodyweight and daytime drinking volume were independent factors influencing therapeutic effect. None of the participants reported any adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with a 24-h urine production/bodyweight equal or higher than 30 mL/kg, guidance on water intake might be considered effective and safe as a lifestyle therapy. Water restriction should be carried out not only in the evening, but also during daytime.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torimoto
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kiyohide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053158:Nocturia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014868:Water Deprivation / Q000502:physiology
keywords: 24-h urine production/bodyweight; lifestyle therapy; nocturia; nocturnal polyuria; water intake guidance