title: Relationship between Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence, genetic diversity and endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Malawi.
abstract: Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) has been linked to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection, but the contribution of infection with multiple Pf genotypes is uncertain. We studied 303 eBL (cases) and 274 non eBL-related cancers (controls) in Malawi using a sensitive and specific molecular-barcode array of 24 independently segregating Pf single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cases had a higher Pf malaria prevalence than controls (64.7% versus 45.3%; odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5 to 3.1). Cases and controls were similar in terms of Pf density (4.9 versus 4.5 log copies, p = 0.28) and having ≥3 non-clonal calls (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 0.7-9.9, P = 0.14). However, cases were more likely to have a higher Pf genetic diversity score (153.9 versus 133.1, p = 0.036), which measures a combination of clonal and non-clonal calls, than controls. Further work is needed to evaluate the possible role of Pf genetic diversity in the pathogenesis of endemic BL.
authors.affiliation: University of York, York, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W Thomas
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: University of York, York, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mutalima
authors.affiliation: Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kishor
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aka
authors.affiliation: Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borgstein
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Liomba
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamiza
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Nyengo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mkandawire
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Mkume
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batumba
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Molyneux
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goedert
authors.affiliation: Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soppet
authors.affiliation: University of York, York, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mbulaiteye
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan