title: Effect of electrical stimulation to long head of biceps in reducing gleno humeral subluxation after stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glenohumeral subluxation is the most frequent complication in post stroke hemiplegia and its reduction has been considered an important goal. Though it has been demonstrated that cyclical electrical stimulation of posterior deltoid and supraspinatus muscles can reduce subluxation, the role of biceps has not been given due consideration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrical stimulation to the long head of biceps could more effectively reduce gleno humeral subluxation.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 patients were selected and consecutively assigned to group 1 (electrical stimulation to supraspinatus & posterior deltoid) and group II (electrical stimulation to supraspinatus, posterior deltoid & long head of the biceps) along with routine physiotherapy and occupational therapy for a period of 5 weeks. All patients were assessed for shoulder subluxation, pain and shoulder active abduction range of motion at the time of recruitment to study and after 5 weeks of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the groups showed significant improvement in parameters measured. Tukey's post hoc analysis showed the results were more significant in Group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrical stimulation to biceps along with the supraspinatus and posterior deltoid can more effectively reduce shoulder subluxation.
authors.affiliation: Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training & Research, Cuttack Dt, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: J Bala
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Manigandan
authors.affiliation: Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training & Research, Cuttack Dt, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: G Shankar
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.affiliation: Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training & Research, Cuttack Dt, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Monalisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pattnaik
authors.affiliation: Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training & Research, Cuttack Dt, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Patitapaban
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohanty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Electric stimulation therapy; gleno humeral subluxation; shoulder; stroke