title: Effect of tempol on the passive avoidance and novel object recognition task in diabetic rats.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has several effects, including cognitive impairment. Oxidative stress is associated with complications from diabetes. It seems that antioxidants can reduce some complications of the diabetes induced by oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of synthetic antioxidant, tempol on the passive avoidance (PA) memory and novel object recognition (NOR) tests in the diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats randomly divided into the control, diabetic, diabetic receiving tempol and healthy receiving tempol groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Then, the rats received saline or tempol (30 mg/kg) orally by gavages for 60 days. After that, they were assessed using the PA memory and NOR tests. The results of NOR test showed that the discrimination index (DI) in the healthy receiving tempol group and diabetic control group was significantly lower than control group. Also the amount of this index in diabetic receiving tempol group was significantly higher than diabetic group. The results of PA test indicated that the number of trials to acquisition in the diabetic rats is significantly more than control and diabetic tempol treated groups. Also, the time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) in the control and diabetic receiving tempol groups was less than diabetic group. TDC in the healthy receiving tempol group was more than control group. It can be concluded that although use of tempol is restricted as a cognitive enhancer in non-diabetic subjects but long-term administration of synthetic antioxidant, tempol, is able to dramatically improve diabetes-induced learning and memory deficit in both PA and NOR tests.
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jabbarpour
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address: siamakshahidi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahidi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saidijam
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarihi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Taghi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hassanzadeh
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Rasoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013113:Spin Labels; D013311:Streptozocin; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D013113:Spin Labels; D013311:Streptozocin; C001803:tempol
keywords: Diabetes; Memory; Rat; Tempol