title: [Curcumin reduces paraquat-induced oxidative injury in A549 cells by activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of curcumin (CU) on type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) during paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative damage and its underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routinely cultured A549 cells were divided into blank control group, CU control group, PQ group, and PQ+Cu group to receive respective treatments for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The NFE2L2 expression in A549 cells was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. The activities of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) in cells and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in supernatant, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After siRNA depletion of Nrf2, the protective effect of CU on A549 cells during PQ-induced oxidative damage was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PQ, even at a dose of 0.1 mmol/L, could significantly suppress the viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CU showed no significant inhibitory effect on the viability of A549 cells when given at a dose below 160 ümol/L. Compared with the blank control group, the PQ group had significantly decreased SOD activity and significantly increased CAT activity and MDA content after 24-h exposure to 800 ümol/L PQ (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Thanks to pretreatment with 80 ümol/L CU, the PQ+CU group had significantly increased SOD and CAT activities and significantly decreased MDA content compared with the PQ group (P < 0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the PQ group had significantly increased expression of NFE2L2 and its downstream factors HO-1 and NQO-1 (P < 0.01), while the PQ+CU group had significantly higher expression of NFE2L2, HO-1,and NQO-1 than the PQ group (P < 0.01).Compared with the PQ+CU group, the CU+PQ+NFE2L2siRNA group had significantly decreased SOD and CAT activities and significantly increased MDA content (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose CU significantly reduces the PQ-induced oxidative damage in A549 cells in vitro by activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Zijuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China. E-mail: honggl98@126.com.
authors.forename: Gungliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003474:Curcumin; D010269:Paraquat