title: Photodynamic therapy in the cattle protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus cultivated on superhydrophilic carbon nanotube.
abstract: Superhydrophilic vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT-O2) were used for the first time as scaffolds for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce inhibition of cell division in eukaryotic cells. VACNT-O2 scaffolds were produced on Ti substrates using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique and functionalized by oxygen plasma. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to characterize the surface changes of the protozoan and interaction with VACNT-O2. Characterization of lipid and total protein expression was performed with protozoa that were or not treated with PDT. Quantification of protein was conducted using Qubit fluorometer and separated on a polyacrylamide gel. SEM analysis showed the release of lipid vesicles by protozoa after the PDT. These vesicles were characterized by the PKH26 fluorescent probe. The results demonstrated a greater amount of protein released after PDT than in the control. When analyzing the protein material in polyacrylamide gel, a significant protein expression of approximately 65 kDa was found. A model identified the programmed death of Tritrichomonas foetus after the PDT was also proposed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Development and Research Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Susane Moreira
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Development and Research Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Development and Research Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Soares
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Development and Research Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Roberta
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Marciano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Development and Research Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Oliveira
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Development and Research Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Development and Research Institute (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: nsoares@univap.br.
authors.forename: Newton Soares
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016835:Tritrichomonas foetus / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D015800:Protozoan Proteins
keywords: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Photodynamic therapy; Suerhydrophilic; Tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine; Tritrichomonas foetus; Vertically aligned