title: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation had no effect on body weight but reduced energy intake in overweight and obese women.
abstract: Longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may have greater appetite-suppressing effects than shorter-chain, monosaturated, and saturated fatty acids. Because fish oils are predominantly composed of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and may assist in the treatment of obesity comorbidities, their effect on body weight and body mass index is of interest. We hypothesized that daily supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich oil would reduce energy intake and body weight in overweight and obese women compared with supplementation with oleic acid (OA) rich oil. A double-blinded, randomized, parallel intervention was conducted. Body mass index (in kilograms per meter squared), body weight (in kilograms), body fat (in percent), and lean tissue (in kilograms) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after intervention with DHA or OA. Diet diaries were also completed at these time points for estimation of energy and macronutrient intake. Subjects reported significantly lower energy (P = .020), carbohydrate (g) (P = .037), and fat (g) (P = .045) intake after DHA compared with OA. Body mass or composition was not affected by treatment, although a fall in body weight in the DHA group approached statistical significance (P = .089). Daily ingestion of DHA over a 12-week period may reduce energy intake in overweight and obese females, but longer-term and adequately powered studies using subjects of both sexes are needed. Other factors that should be considered include the following: the choice of control, the body mass index category of subjects, and ways of improving the compliancy and accuracy of dietary assessment.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.affiliation: Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Dible
authors.affiliation: Corporate Information and Computing Services, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Obsidian Research Ltd, Port Talbot, West Glamorgan, UK.
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garaiova
authors.affiliation: Obsidian Research Ltd, Port Talbot, West Glamorgan, UK.
authors.forename: Sue F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Margo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. Electronic address: b.m.corfe@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Bernard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Corfe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050177:Overweight / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004655:Emulsions; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D019301:Oleic Acid
keywords: %E; BMI; Body composition; Body mass index; DHA; Energy intake; LCPUFAs; Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; OA; Randomized controlled trial; body mass index; docosahexaenoic acid; long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; oleic acid.; percentage total energy intake