title: [Effects of gene design on recombinant protein expression: a review].
abstract: It has become a hotspot and keystone in gene engineering and bioengineering to produce recombinant proteins through heterologous expression systems. Unfortunately, not all the genes could be successfully and effectively expressed in heterologous hosts. The role of gene itself in regulating translation process through its intrinsic sequence characteristics such as codon bias, codon pair bias, GC content, mRNA secondary structure and mRNA stability, has been gradually elucidated. Here we review these factors that influence the translation processes and their corresponding optimization methods in the process of gene design. We emphatically discussed codon bias and codon pair bias and their optimization methods. In particular, the latest theories of codon harmonization and codon pair harmonization were discussed and compared with the traditional codon and codon pair optimization strategies in gene design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Fengqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005813:Genes, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011994:Recombinant Proteins