title: Impact of the s.w.e.a.T.™ water-exercise method on activities of daily living for older women.
abstract: Older women may have chronic or age-related conditions that increase the risk of falls or that limit their ability to remain active. It is unclear if a water-based exercise program provides a safe and effective alternative to land-based exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a water-based exercise program method on land-based functional activities of daily living (ADL) for women 60 years and older. This study used a quasi- experimental, nonequivalent control group design. Sixty-six women (60-89 yr of age) self- selected to a water exercise (WEX) group (n = 48) or control (C) group (n = 18). The training consisted of a 16-week (45 min·day(-1), 3 d·wk(-1)) supervised WEX program that included 10 min of warm-up and warm down/stretching and 35 min training using the S.W.E.A.T.™ method in shallow water 1.0-1.2 m, with water temperature approximately 28-29°C. Participants were required to attendat least 94% of the sessions. Assessments for participants included ADL functional field tests. In comparison to the C group, WEX participantsimproved (p < 0.05) flexibility (8%), sit- to-stand (31%), walking speed (16%) and stride length (10%), agility (20%), stair climb (22%), arm curl (39%), and static (42-48%) balance, but not dynamic balance. Results indicate that the S.W.E.A.T.™ method applied to this water exercise program provides a well-rounded, safe, and effective exercise program where older women can improve functional ADL and static balance. Key PointsOlder women with a variety of health conditions participated in 16 weeks of exercise (92% adherence) with no injuries.The S.W.E.A.T.™ method applied to this water-based program was found to significantly improve several aspects of physical function, including postural balance.This shallow water program provided a well-rounded, safe and effective activity for women to improve functional ADL on land.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada , Reno, USA ;
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya , Kanoya, Japan ;
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Performance Studies, Center for Physical Activity and Aging, Wichita State University , Wichita, Kansas, USA ;
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: Research Group in Sport and Health, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain ;
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Colado
authors.affiliation: Research Group in Sport and Health, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain ;
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borreani
keywords: Functional ADL; older women; water/aquatic exercise