title: Effect of treatment of cow's urine "Gomutra" and antioxidants in alleviating the lindane-induced oxidative stress in kidney of Swiss mice (Mus musculus).
abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of cow urine and combination of antioxidants against lindane induced oxidative stress in Swiss mice. Male healthy mice, 8-10 weeks old, weighing 30 ± 5 g were randomly selected and divided into eight groups, namely, control (C); lindane (L); antioxidant (A), antioxidant+lindane (A+L), cow urine (U), cow urine+lindane (U+L), cow urine+antioxidants (U+A) and cow urine+antioxidants+lindane (U+A+L). Group C animals were administered only the vehicle (olive oil); doses selected for other treatments were: lindane: 40 mg/kg b.w.; antioxidants: 125 mg/kg b.w. (vitamin C: 50 mg/kg b.w., vitamin E: 50 mg/kg b.w., α-lipoic acid: 25 mg/kg b.w.) and cow urine: 0.25 ml/kg b.w. In group A+L and U+L antioxidants and cow urine were administered 1 h prior to lindane administration and in group U+A and U+A+L cow urine was administered 10 min before antioxidants. All treatments were administered orally continuously for 60 days. Lindane treated group showed increased lipid peroxidation, whereas glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, protein and endogenous levels of vitamin C and E were significantly decreased compared to control. Administration of cow urine and antioxidants alleviated the levels of these biochemical parameters.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University College of Science, M L Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001, India, girima10@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Girima
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagda
authors.forename: Devendra Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bhatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014556:Urine; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D014810:Vitamin E; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid