title: Characterizing the dynamics of proteasome complexes by proteomics approaches.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The proteasome is the degradation machine of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is critical in controlling many essential biological processes. Aberrant regulation of proteasome-dependent protein degradation can lead to various human diseases, and general proteasome inhibitors have shown efficacy for cancer treatments. Though clinically effective, current proteasome inhibitors have detrimental side effects and, thus, better therapeutic strategies targeting proteasomes are needed. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of proteasome complexes will provide the molecular details that are essential for developing new and improved drugs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  New mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches have been developed to study protein interaction networks and structural topologies of proteasome complexes. The results have helped define the dynamic proteomes of proteasome complexes, thus providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying proteasome function and regulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proteasome exists as heterogeneous populations in tissues/cells, and its proteome is highly dynamic and complex. In addition, proteasome complexes are regulated by various mechanisms under different physiological conditions. Consequently, complete proteomic profiling of proteasome complexes remains a major challenge for the field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We expect that proteomic methodologies enabling full characterization of proteasome complexes will continue to evolve. Further advances in MS instrumentation and protein separation techniques will be needed to facilitate the detailed proteomic analysis of low-abundance components and subpopulations of proteasome complexes. The results will help us understand proteasome biology as well as provide new therapeutic targets for disease diagnostics and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Robyn M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kaake
authors.forename: Athit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Clinton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000737:chemistry*; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex