title: Fundal pressure during the second stage of labor in a tertiary obstetric center: a prospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain whether uterine fundal pressure should have a role in the management of the second stage of labor and to determine its prevalence, benefits and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study set in a tertiary teaching and research obstetric hospital. A total of 8097 women in labor between 37 and 42 gestational weeks with a singleton cephalic presentation were enrolled. Subjects were subdivided into two groups: fundal pressure group (n=1974 women) and control group (n=6123 women). The primary outcome measure was the duration of the second stage. The secondary outcome measures were maternal outcomes (immediate or delayed) and neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of fundal pressure in our center was 24.38%. Fundal pressure maneuver significantly shortened the duration of the second stage among primiparous women, increased the risk of severe perineal laceration and admission to neonatal intensive care unit in comparison to the non-fundal group. Delayed maternal outcomes showed significant increase in dyspareunia and de novo stress urinary incontinence in the fundal pressure group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although fundal pressure maneuver shortens the duration of the second stage of labor among primiparous women, it should not be used except when indicated, and under strict guidelines owing to its adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shatby University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Fady M Shawky
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Moiety
authors.forename: Amal Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Azzam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007748:Labor Stage, Second; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011312:Pressure; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018590:Uterine Monitoring; D014599:Uterus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: fundal pressure; labor; outcome