title: Typical lignocellulosic wastes and by-products for biosorption process in water and wastewater treatment: a critical review.
abstract: Biosorption on lignocellulosic wastes and by-products has been identified as a proper alternative to the existing technologies applied for toxic metal ion and dye removal from wastewater streams. This paper deals with utilization of typical low cost wastes and by-products produced in different food agricultural and agro-industries as biosorbent and reviews the current state of studies on a wide variety of cheap biosorbents in natural and modified forms. The efficiency of each biosorbent has been also discussed with respect to the operating conditions (e.g. temperature, hydraulic residence time, initial metal concentration, biosorbent particle size and its dosage), chemical modification on sorption capacity and preparation methods, as well as thermodynamics and kinetics.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdolali
authors.affiliation: Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address: ngohuuhao121@gmail.com.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tung
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008031:Lignin; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C036909:lignocellulose
keywords: Biosorption; Heavy metals; Lignocellulosic wastes; Low cost biosorbent