title: Evaluating signal-correlated noise as a control task with language-related gamma activity on electrocorticography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our recent electrocorticography (ECoG) study suggested reverse speech, a widely used control task, to be a poor control for non-language-related auditory activity. We hypothesized that this may be due to retained perception as a human voice. We report a follow-up ECoG study in which we contrast forward and reverse speech with a signal-correlated noise (SCN) control task that cannot be perceived as a human voice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were presented 90 audible stimuli, including 30 each of corresponding forward speech, reverse speech, and SCN trials, during ECoG recording with evaluation of gamma activity between 50 and 150 Hz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sites of the lateral temporal gyri activated throughout speech stimuli were generally less activated by SCN, while some temporal sites seemed to process both human and non-human sounds. Reverse speech trials were associated with activities across the temporal lobe similar to those associated with forward speech.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings herein externally validate functional neuroimaging studies utilizing SCN as a control for non-language-specific auditory function. Our findings are consistent with the notion that stimuli perceived as originating from a human voice are poor controls for non-language auditory function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings have implications in functional neuroimaging research as well as improved clinical mapping of auditory functions.
authors.affiliation: MD-PhD Program, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Erik C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muzik
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothermel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Aashit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. Electronic address: eishi@pet.wayne.edu.
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D016477:Artifacts; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D012660:Semantics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alpha-beta oscillations; Epilepsy surgery; Functional MRI (fMRI); High-frequency oscillations (HFOs); Naming task; Phonology; Ripples; Semantics; Video EEG