title: [Hydrocycarbamide induced fever: four cases and literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hydroxyurea (HU) or hydroxycarbamide is an antimetabolite chemotherapy frequently used in the treatment of chronic myeloproliferative disorders. This treatment is usually well tolerated but a few cases of fever induced by the molecule have been reported in the literature. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and biological characteristics of HU induced fever.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross sectional study of patients treated with HU and followed-up in an internal medicine department between 2006 and 2012. We added our cases of HU induced fever with those reported in the literature (Pubmed and Cochrane databases) since 1981.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 38 cases of HU induced fever, including our 4 cases. The mean age was 65±10.9 years and the sex-ratio 1/2. The fever appeared after a median duration of treatment of 21 days and was usually high (40°C) but clinically well tolerated. A biological inflammatory syndrome (CRP: 131±92 mg/L) was constant and one third of the patients also presented with hepatitis or lung disease. A probabilistic antibiotic treatment was introduced for 34% of the patients. For the half of the patients, HU-reintroduction test was performed, and was positive for all the patients but one. As soon as HU was withdrawn, the fever disappeared in a median of 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HU induced fever is unusual. Clinical presentation is very stereotyped. When this adverse effect is suspected, an infectious disease must first be ruled out. If infection is excluded, HU has to be stopped.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et maladie infectieuse, CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, avenue du Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France. Electronic address: caro0313@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doutrelon
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et maladie infectieuse, CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, avenue du Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazaro
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et maladie infectieuse, CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, avenue du Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et maladie infectieuse, CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, avenue du Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greib
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et maladie infectieuse, CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, avenue du Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pellegrin
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et maladie infectieuse, CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, avenue du Haut-Lévêque, 33600 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Viallard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D006918:Hydroxyurea
keywords: Drug fever; Fièvre médicamenteuse; Hydroxycarbamide; Hydroxyurea; Hydroxyurée; Myeloproliferative disorders; Syndrome myéloprolifératif chronique