title: 32P brachytherapy conformal source model RIC-100 for high-dose-rate treatment of superficial disease: Monte Carlo calculations, diode measurements, and clinical implementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A novel (32)P brachytherapy source has been in use at our institution intraoperatively for temporary radiation therapy of the spinal dura and other localized tumors. We describe the dosimetry and clinical implementation of the source.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dosimetric evaluation for the source was done with a complete set of MCNP5 Monte Carlo calculations preceding clinical implementation. In addition, the depth dose curve and dose rate were measured by use of an electron field diode to verify the Monte Carlo calculations. Calibration procedures using the diode in a custom-designed phantom to provide an absolute dose calibration and to check dose uniformity across the source area for each source before treatment were established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good agreement was established between the Monte Carlo calculations and diode measurements. Quality assurance measurements results are provided for about 100 sources used to date. Clinical source calibrations were usually within 10% of manufacturer specifications. Procedures for safe handling of the source are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical considerations for using the source are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Electronic address: coheng@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Gil'ad N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Montrose Technology, Inc, North Andover, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Assen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirov
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Losasso
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Lawrence T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Dauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaider
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D004388:Dura Mater; D006283:Health Physics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011786:Quality Control; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage
chemical_list: D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes