title: Efficacy of buprenorphine added 2 % lignocaine 1:80000 in postoperative analgesia after minor oral surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have demonstrated that opioid analgesia cannot be exclusively attributed to effects within central nervous system. Peripheral opioid receptors exist that can be activated by locally applied opioid agonists which mediate analgesic effects that are particularly prominent in painful inflammatory conditions. Patients who present themselves with conditions requiring minor surgery in the maxillo-facial region usually have associated ongoing inflammatory process. The aim of our study was to apply the concept of peripheral opioid analgesia in minor oral surgery and evaluate its effectiveness in managing postoperative pain. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of buprenorphine added lignocaine 2 % in providing postoperative analgesia after minor oral surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hundred consenting adult patients who were scheduled to undergo various minor oral surgeries were enrolled in this double blinded study. Patients were randomly assigned into one of the two groups based on whether they received buprenorphine added 2 % lignocaine 1:80000 (Group I) or (Group II) lignocaine 2 % with adrenaline 1:80000 alone. Visual analog scale method was used for evaluation of the postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of analgesia in Group I was found to be 36 ± 1.5 h and the average consumption of NSAIDs was found to be 1.86 as compared to Group II mean value of 4.4 (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of small amounts of buprenorphine to 30 ml lignocaine with adrenaline 1:80000 for minor oral surgery results in significant improvement in postoperative analgesia up to 36 h and markedly reduces the need for excessive analgesic intake. Thus reducing the adverse effects associated with excessive use of NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of OMFS, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, 403002 Goa India.
authors.forename: S Praveen
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Suryavanshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Surgery, Kles Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, Karnataka India.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kotrashetti
keywords: Buprenorphine added LA; Local anesthesia; Peripheral opioid analgesia