title: Lupine protein hydrolysates inhibit enzymes involved in the inflammatory pathway.
abstract: Lupine protein hydrolysates (LPHs) were obtained from a lupine protein isolate (LPI) by enzymatic hydrolysis using two proteases, Izyme AL and Alcalase 2.4 L, and their potential anti-inflammatory capacities were studied by determining their in vitro inhibition of the following enzymes that are involved in the inflammatory process: phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), thrombin, and transglutaminase (TG). The strongest inhibitory activities toward PLA2 and TG were found in the hydrolysates obtained by hydrolysis with Izyme and subsequently with Alcalase, with more than 70% inhibition obtained in some cases. All of the hydrolysates tested inhibited more than 60% of the COX-2 activity. In no case did the percentage of thrombin activity inhibition exceed 40%. The best inhibitory activities were found in the LPH obtained after 15 min of hydrolysis with Alcalase and in the LPH obtained after 60 min of hydrolysis with Izyme followed by 15 min of hydrolysis with Alcalase. Enzyme kinetic analyses were conducted to determine the Km and Vmax parameters of these two hydrolysates using the Lineweaver-Burk equation. Both hydrolysates competitively inhibited the thrombin and PLA2 activities. In the case of COX-2 and TG, the inhibition appeared to be the mixed type.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Av. Padre García Tejero, 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: María del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Millán-Linares
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain. Electronic address: mdmar@cica.es.
authors.forename: María del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Yust
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Av. Padre García Tejero, 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alcaide-Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Av. Padre García Tejero, 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Av. Padre García Tejero, 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Justo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedroche
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D031297:Lupinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010455:Peptides; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010455:Peptides; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D010450:Endopeptidases
keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; Bioactive peptides; Lupine protein hydrolysates