title: Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: functional outcomes in children and adolescents from non-Western countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional outcomes were measured over a 12-month period in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after they received monotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational, noninterventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conducted in six non-Western countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients 6 to 17 years of age with a verified diagnosis of ADHD in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), together with their physicians, decided to initiate or switch treatment for ADHD. Patients were prescribed pharmacological monotherapy: methylphenidate (n=221), nootropic agents (n=91), or atomoxetine (n=234).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were followed for changes in their functional status and quality of life, which were assessed with the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE) Achievement domain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the study, a mean improvement on the CHIP-CE Achievement domain score was observed for all countries and therapies except in Taiwan, where patients received atomoxetine, and in Lebanon, where patients received methylphenidate. No patient experienced a serious adverse event during the study. Four patients discontinued due to a treatment-emergent adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 12 months of treatment, clinical and functional outcomes were improved in children and adolescents from non-Western countries who initiated and remained on their prescribed pharmacological monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Company Turkey, Lilly İlaç Ticaret Ltd. Şti. Kuşbakişi Caddesi, Rainbow Plaza No:4 Kat:3,34662; Altunizade, İstanbul, Turkey;
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altin
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly, 1229 El Sheikh Aly Gad El Haq St., Floor 6 Sheraton Bldgs, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt;
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Shafei
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly Canada, 3650 Danforth Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN;
authors.forename: Durisala
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desaiah
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company, 1075 Budapest, Madách u. 13-14, Hungary;
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Treuer
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics of Pediatric Faculty, Russian State Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str. 1, Moscow, Russian Federation;
authors.forename: Nikolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zavadenko
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychological Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Lu, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hong Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: adolescent; adverse drug events; atomoxetine; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; central nervous system stimulants; child; nootropic agents; treatment outcome