title: Vena caval anomalies.
abstract: Anomalous vena cavae can have significant implications for procedures on the right side of the heart. We report a rare anatomical configuration in a 44-year-old female, which to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of such an association. She had a bicuspid aortic valve in conjunction with a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) draining into the coronary sinus, and a left-sided inferior vena cava (IVC) draining into a left superior vena cava via the hemiazygos vein. Comprehensive assessment of these anomalies is crucial given the widespread use of invasive cardiac procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, United Kingdom ; Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ramyah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajakulasingam
authors.affiliation: Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rohin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.affiliation: Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ramanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajakulasingam
keywords: Inferior vena cava; persistent left superior vena cava; vena caval anomalies