title: Epidemiology and molecular genotyping of echinostome metacercariae in Filopaludina snails in Lamphun Province, Thailand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prevalence of echinostome metacercariae in Filopaludina dorliaris (F. dorliaris) and Filopaludina martensi martensi (F. martensi martensi) and genotype variation of echinostome metacercariae by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Filopaludina sp. snails were collected from eight localities of Lamphun Province, Northern Thailand and examined for echinostome metacercariae. RAPD-PCR was used to analyze genotype variation of echinostome metacercariae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3 226 F. dorliaris and F. martensi martensi snails were collected from eight localities. The overall prevalences of echinostome metacercariae in F. dorliaris and F. martensi martensi were 40.89% and 36.27%, while the intensity of infection was 20.37 and 12.04, respectively. The dendrogram constructed base on RAPD profiles, 4 well supported domains were generated; (i) group of metacercariae from Ban Hong, Mae Ta, Meaung, Pa Sang, Toong Hua Chang, and Weang Nong that were clustered in the group of E. revolutum, (ii) Ban Thi, (iii) Lee, and (iv) 3 adults of an out group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research demonstrated RAPD profiling has been a useful tool to detect DNA polymorphisms to determine genetic relationship between echinostome metacercariae in Lamphun Province, Northern Thailand.
authors.affiliation: Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand; Applied Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phisanulok Province, Thailand.
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Noikong
authors.affiliation: Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand; Applied Technology in Biodiversity Research Unit, Institute of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Electronic address: cwongsawad@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chalobol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wongsawad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004449:Echinostoma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004451:Echinostomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary; D058488:Metacercariae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058889:Molecular Typing; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012908:Snails / Q000469:parasitology*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Echinostoma sp.; Epidemiology; Filopaludina sp. snails; Metacercariae; RAPD-PCR