title: A voltammetric sensor based on NiO/CNTs ionic liquid carbon paste electrode for determination of morphine in the presence of diclofenac.
abstract: A novel ionic liquid modified NiO/CNTs carbon paste electrode (IL/NiO/CNTCPE) had been fabricated by using hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride [MBIDZ]Cl as a binder. The cyclic voltammogram showed an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.61 V (vs. Ag/AgCl(sat)), which corresponded to the oxidation of morphine. Compared to common carbon paste electrode, the electrochemical response was greatly improved for morphine electrooxidation. This modified electrode exhibited a potent and persistent electron mediating behavior followed by well separated oxidation peaks of morphine and diclofenac. Detection limit of morphine was found to be 0.01 μM using square wave voltammetry (SWV) method. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of morphine in human urine and pharmaceutical samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Afsaneh L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sanati
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: h.karimi.maleh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karimi-Maleh
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Badiei
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Pourya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biparva
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ensafi
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000032:analysis; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000032:analysis*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D009824:Ointments; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D009824:Ointments; D012996:Solutions; D004008:Diclofenac; D009020:Morphine; D009532:Nickel; C028007:nickel monoxide
keywords: Diclofenac; Modified electrode; Morphine; NiO/CNTs nanocomposite; Sensor