title: Pharmacological approach to overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence in women: an overview.
abstract: Besides life-style changes, electrical stimulation or surgery, pharmacological treatment is becoming the first-choice approach in women suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and overactive bladder (OAB). Several drugs for the treatment of bladder storage and voiding disorders are currently available and, in the near future, novel compounds with higher specificity for the lower urinary tract receptors will be accessible. This will bring optimization of therapy, reducing side effects and increasing compliance, especially in patients with comorbidities and in women. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview on the pharmacotherapy of two common inter-correlated urological conditions, UUI and OAB. The study was conducted by analyzing and comparing the data of the recent international literature on this topic. Advances in the discovery of pharmacological options have dramatically improved the quality of life of patients affected by incontinence, but further studies are needed to increase the effectiveness and safety of the therapies used in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, University of Salerno, SA, Italy. Electronic address: luciocipullo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lucio M A
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cipullo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cosimato
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filippelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, University of Salerno, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zullo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, University of Salerno, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guida
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000819:agonists; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004967:Estrogens; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Bladder target receptors; Overactive bladder; Urge urinary incontinence; Urological pharmacotherapy