title: Endometrial progesterone resistance and PCOS.
abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a state of altered steroid hormone production and activity. Chronic estrogen exposure or lack of progesterone due to ovarian dysfunction can result in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. A key contributor to our understanding of progesterone as a critical regulator for normal uterine function has been the elucidation of progesterone receptor (PR) expression, regulation, and signaling pathways. Several human studies indicate that PR-mediated signaling pathways in the nucleus are associated with progesterone resistance in women with PCOS. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of endometrial progesterone resistance in women with PCOS; to present the PR structure, its different isoforms, and their expression in the endometrium; to illustrate the possible regulation of PR and PR-mediated signaling in progesterone resistance in women with PCOS; and to discuss current clinical treatments for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in women with PCOS and accompanying progesterone resistance.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jin-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Billig
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden. ruijin.shao@fysiologi.gu.se.
authors.forename: Ruijin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone