title: Bioactive behavior of silicon substituted calcium phosphate based bioceramics for bone regeneration.
abstract: Bone graft substitutes are widely used for bone regeneration and repair in defect sites resulting from aging, disease, trauma, or accident. With invariably increasing clinical demands, there is an urgent need to produce artificial materials, which are readily available and are capable of fast and guided skeletal repair. Calcium phosphate based bioactive ceramics are extensively utilized in bone regeneration and repair applications. Silicon is often utilized as a substituent or a dopant in these bioceramics, since it significantly enhances the ultimate properties of conventional biomaterials such as surface chemical structure, mechanical strength, bioactivity, biocompatibility, etc. This article presents an overview of the silicon substituted bioceramics, which have emerged as efficient bone replacement and bone regeneration materials. Thus, the role of silicon in enhancing the biological performance and bone forming capabilities of conventional calcium phosphate based bioceramics is identified and reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. Electronic address: atherfarooq@ciitlahore.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Ather Farooq
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Affiliated Colleges at Hafr Al-Batin, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia; Research and Development Unit, ALAM Medix, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. Electronic address: aa@aafzal.com.
authors.forename: Adeel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Unit, ALAM Medix, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Afsar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdur Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002516:Ceramics / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Bioactivity; Bioceramics; Bone regeneration; Calcium phosphates; Hydroxyapatite; Silicon substitution