title: Posttraumatic nonunion of the clavicle in a 13-year-old boy causing an arteriovenous fistula.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fractures of the clavicle are one of the most common injuries to the bone in childhood, but posttraumatic nonunion of pediatric clavicle fractures are extremely rare, with only isolated reports in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a posttraumatic painful nonunion of a clavicle fracture in a 13-year-old boy that caused symptomatic compression of the external jugular vein (EJV) and the formation of an arteriovenous fistula. The fracture was treated successfully with open reduction and internal fixation with a contoured recon plate 6 months following the injury. The fistula was treated by ligation and closure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient made a full recovery 6 months following surgery and was asymptomatic with full range of shoulder movement. Fracture union was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scanning and no residual fistula was found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Feiran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marriage
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismaeel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Vince
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Arteriovenous fistula; Arteriovenous fistula surgery; Clavicle fixation; Clavicle fracture; Clavicle nonunion; Clavicle surgery; Pediatric clavicle fracture; Pediatric nonunion