title: Outcomes in patients with esotropic duane retraction syndrome and a partially accommodative component.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is challenging and may become more difficult if an associated accommodative component due to high hyperopia is present. The purpose of this study is to review clinical features and outcomes in patients with partially accommodative esotropia and DRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, non-comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six cases of DRS with high hyperopia were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients studied, the mean age of presentation was 1.3 years (range: 0.5-2.5 years). The mean amount of hyperopia was + 5D (range: 3.50-8.50) in both eyes. The mean follow up period was 7 years (range: 4 months-12 years). Five cases were unilateral while one was bilateral. Four cases underwent vertical rectus muscle transposition (VRT) and one had medial rectus recession prior to presentation; all were given optical correction. Two (50%) of the four patients who underwent vertical rectus transposition cases developed consecutive exotropia, one of whom did not have spectacles prescribed pre-operatively. All other cases (four) had minimal residual esotropia and face turn at the last follow-up with spectacle correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with Duane syndrome can have an accommodative component to their esotropia, which is crucial to detect and correct prior to surgery to decrease the risk of long-term over-correction. Occasionally, torticollis in Duane syndrome can be satisfactorily corrected with spectacles alone.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kekunnaya
authors.forename: Federico G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA, .
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pineles
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*