title: Influence of operating parameters on surface properties of RF glow discharge oxygen plasma treated TiO₂/PET film for biomedical application.
abstract: In this paper, a thin transparent titania (TiO2) film was coated on the surface of flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film using the sol-gel method. The surface properties of the obtained TiO2/PET film were further improved by RF glow discharge oxygen plasma as a function of exposure time and discharge power. The changes in hydrophilicity of TiO2/PET films were analyzed by contact angle measurements and surface energy. The influence of plasma on the surface of the TiO2/PET films was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as the change in chemical state and composition that were investigated by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS). The cytotoxicity of the TiO2/PET films was analyzed using human osteoblast cells and the bacterial eradication behaviors of TiO2/PET films were also evaluated against Staphylococcus bacteria. It was found that the surface roughness and incorporation of oxygen containing polar functional groups of the plasma treated TiO2/PET films increased substantially as compared to the untreated one. Moreover the increased concentration of Ti(3+) on the surface of plasma treated TiO2/PET films was due to the transformation of chemical states (Ti(4+)→Ti(3+)). These morphological and chemical changes are responsible for enhanced hydrophilicity of the TiO2/PET films. Furthermore, the plasma treated TiO2/PET film exhibited no citotoxicity against osteoblast cells and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus bacteria which can find application in manufacturing of biomedical devices.
authors.affiliation: Surface Engineering Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, L&T by pass, Chinniyam Palayam (post), Coimbatore 641062, India. Electronic address: dr.knpr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K Navaneetha
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Pandiyaraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Deshmukh
authors.affiliation: Surface Engineering Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, L&T by pass, Chinniyam Palayam (post), Coimbatore 641062, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahendiran
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pi-G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 208 Dupont Hall, Newark, United States.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yassitepe
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 208 Dupont Hall, Newark, United States.
authors.forename: Ismat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perni
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Institute of Medical Engineering & Medical Physics, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, UK.
authors.forename: Polina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prokopovich
authors.affiliation: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD, 26W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. Electronic address: Nadagouda.Mallikarjuna@epamail.epa.gov.
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Nadagouda
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000379:methods*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011846:Radio Waves; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013500:Surface Tension / Q000187:drug effects; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D058626:Plasma Gases; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; C009495:titanium dioxide; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Antibacterial adhesion; Cell compatibility; RF glow discharge oxygen plasma; Surface properties; TiO(2)/PET