title: Next generation sequencing reveals regulation of distinct Aedes microRNAs during chikungunya virus development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Application of genomics and Next Generation sequencing has led to the identification of new class of cellular functional molecules, namely, small RNAs. Of the several classes of ncRNAs (non-coding RNA), microRNAs have been demonstrated to exert determinative influence on various cellular processes. It is becoming abundantly clear that host/vector/pathogen encoded microRNAs impact eventual pathogenesis. In this context, the participation of vector based microRNAs in disease transmission and pathogen development is being investigated intensively. A few studies have highlighted the role of vector encoded microRNAs in pathogen infection. We conducted this study to evaluate the role of host miRNAs upon CHIKV (Chikungunya Virus) infection in an important vector, Aedes albopictus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 88 and 79 known miRNAs in uninfected and CHIKV infected Ae. albopictus Singh's cell line respectively. We further identified nine novel miRNAs in Ae. albopictus. Comparison of the two libraries revealed differential expression of 77 common miRNAs between them. CHIKV infection specifically altered the miRNA profile of a specific set of eight miRNAs. Putative targets of these regulated miRNAs were identified and classified into their pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study we have identified and described the profiles of various miRNAs upon CHIKV infection in Ae. albopictus. This investigation provides an insight about cellular modification by miRNAs during CHIKV infection and the results provide leads for identifying potential candidates for vector based antiviral strategies.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jatin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shrinet
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jaspreet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sujatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunil
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000254:growth & development*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007303:Insect Vectors; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs