title: Analysis of disability using WHODAS 2.0 among the middle-aged and elderly in Cinco Villas, Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of disability, as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), among the middle-aged and elderly population is poorly known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine disability prevalence in a resident population sample aged ≥50 years, in the Cinco Villas district, Spain, from June 2008 through June 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the WHODAS 2.0 36-item questionnaire to quantify the prevalence of disability, globally and by domain, together with a 13-item combined measure of three domains, Getting around, Self-care and Life activities, claimed to reflect the need of integrated services. In addition, we performed exploratory analyses of the relationship between disability and different variables using ordinal logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disability was detected by global WHODAS score in 604 of a total of 1214 persons, i.e., a prevalence of 49.8% 95% CI (46.9-52.5), with the corresponding figures for mild, moderate, severe, and extreme disability being 26.8%, 16.0%, 7.6% and 0.1%, respectively. Disability increased with age, was higher among women, and for specific domains. Prevalence of severe/extreme disability among women vs. men was as follows: Getting around, 26.8% vs. 12.1%; Life activities, 25.2% vs. 6.8%; and Self-care, 9.5% vs. 6.0%. Disability was more frequent among subjects diagnosed with dementia, chronic liver disease, severe mental disease, and stroke. The abovementioned 13-item measure yielded prevalence figures for disability levels quite similar to those obtained using 36-item scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, this study furnishes detailed disability prevalence figures and data on associated variables in a middle-aged and elderly Western population.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas - CIBERNED), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almazán-Isla
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comín-Comín
authors.affiliation: National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas - CIBERNED), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damián
authors.affiliation: National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas - CIBERNED), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alcalde-Cabero
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Services and Family, Aragon Regional Authority, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Larrosa-Montañés
authors.affiliation: National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas - CIBERNED), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jpedro@isciii.es.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Pedro-Cuesta
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D015995:Prevalence; D012648:Self Care; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014944:World Health Organization
keywords: Disability; Functional dependence; ICF; Prevalence; Public health services; Social services; WHODAS 2.0