title: Increased insula coactivation with salience networks in insomnia.
abstract: Insomnia is among the most prevalent and costly of all sleep-related disorders. To characterize the neural mechanisms underlying subjective dysfunction in insomnia, we examined brain activity in 17 female insomniacs and 17 female healthy controls using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) while they were resting and while they were trying to fall asleep. In examining the dynamic regional activity within intrinsic brain networks, we found that, compared with controls, insomniacs had greater involvement of the anterior insula with salience networks, as well as insula BOLD correlation with EEG gamma frequency power during rest in insomniacs. This increased involvement of the anterior insula was associated with negative affect in insomniacs. Aberrant activation of the insula, which integrates temporal and bodily states, in arousal networks may underlie the misperception of sleep quality and subjective distress in insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States. Electronic address: mcchen@alumni.stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Catie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gotlib
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: EEG; Insomnia; Insula; Resting state; Salience networks; fMRI