title: Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro by ginger extracts.
abstract: Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to play a key role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Currently, there is a renewed interest in ginger because of its antioxidants and cardioprotective properties. The effects of ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane solvent extracts of ginger and pure major ginger constituents on Cu(2+)-induced oxidation of human LDL in vitro were examined. The LDL oxidation inhibition by ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of ginger was 71%, 76%, 67%, and 67%, respectively, at their optimum extraction conditions. Inhibition of LDL oxidation by water extracts of ginger, which was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions of 52°C for 15 min, was about 43%. Phenolic bioactives of ginger-6-gingerols, 8-gingerols, 10-gingerols, and 6-shogaol-seem to be strong inhibitors of Cu(+2)-induced LDL oxidation. Overall, ginger extracts, including the water extract possess the antioxidant activities to inhibit human LDL oxidation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University , Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada .
authors.forename: K D Prasanna P
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gunathilake
authors.forename: H P Vasantha
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Rupasinghe
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002396:Catechols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C040115:shogaol; C007845:gingerol