title: Antiretropulsion devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stone migration during the treatment of ureteral stones can prove frustrating and increases both healthcare cost and patient morbidity. Antiretropulsion devices have been engineered to prevent stone migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements in antiretropulsion devices allow for efficient prevention of stone migration during ureteroscopic lithotripsy with minimal adverse effects or complications. Multiple devices are now available each with advantages and disadvantages. New devices are currently engineered to prevent stone migration and maintain ureteral access. Antiretropulsion devices appear to be cost-effective to prevent stone migration during intracorporeal lithotripsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antiretropulsion devices have been safely and effectively used during ureteroscopic procedures. These tools increase stone-free rates, decrease morbidity and new studies have demonstrated their cost-effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Fernando J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Preminger
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lipkin
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*