title: Infrared imaging in breast cancer: automated tissue component recognition and spectral characterization of breast cancer cells as well as the tumor microenvironment.
abstract: Current evaluation of histological sections of breast cancer samples remains unsatisfactory. The search for new predictive and prognostic factors is ongoing. Infrared spectroscopy and its potential to probe tissues and cells at the molecular level without requirement for contrast agents could be an attractive tool for clinical and diagnostic analysis of breast cancer. In this study, we report the successful application of FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) imaging for breast tissue component characterization. We show that specific FTIR spectral signatures can be assigned to the major tissue components of breast tumor samples. We demonstrate that a tissue component classifier can be built based on a spectral database of well-annotated tissues and successfully validated on independent breast samples. We also demonstrate that spectral features can reveal subtle differences within a tissue component, capturing for instance lymphocytic and stromal activation. By investigating in parallel lymph nodes, tonsils and wound healing tissues, we prove the uniqueness of the signature of both lymphocytic infiltrate and tumor microenvironment in the breast disease context. Finally, we demonstrate that the biochemical information reflected in the epithelial spectra might be clinically relevant for the grading purpose, suggesting potential to improve breast cancer management in the future.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bld du Triomphe 2, CP206/2, B1050 Brussels, Belgium. egoor@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benard
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desmedt
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smolina
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szternfeld
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verdonck
authors.forename: Ghizlane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rouas
authors.forename: Naima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kheddoumi
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rothé
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larsimont
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sotiriou
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goormaghtigh
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology*