title: [Estimation on the HIV-1 incidence among high risk groups using the pooling RNA technique].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To timely identify the HIV-1 infection in window-period and to estimate the HIV-1 incidence among people who came for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service as well as men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV antibody negative samples that were determined by screening tests between January and October 2012, were collected and tested with pooling HIV-1 RNA testing technique (2-staged pooling by 50:1, 10:1). Positive cases were followed-up for HIV antibody testing while HIV incidence was calculated under Ron Brookmeyer' s method, among VCT and MSM populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1400 HIV antibody negative samples of VCT, two showed HIV-1 RNA positive during the antibody window period with the HIV-1 incidence as 1.87% per year (95% CI: 1.23%-2.65% ). Among 500 HIV antibody negative samples from MSM population, two showed HIV-1 RNA positive in the antibody window period, with HIV-1 incidence as 5.31% per year (95% CI: 3.52%-7.45% ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pooling HIV-1 RNA testing seemed a powerful tool for HIV antibody testing in the window-period. Measures should be taken to strengthen the HIV diagnostic programs among MSM and other high risk groups,during the HIV antibody window-period. More frequent detection approach as pooling HIV-1 RNA testing might be a good choice.
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Ren-Zhong
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Chao
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
authors.forename: Man-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral