title: PCR-Based Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (bla CTX-M-1 and bla TEM ) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pigs in North Eastern India (Mizoram).
abstract: Cephalosporins are major antimicrobials used to treat serious infections. However, their effectiveness is being compromised by the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). A total of 138 enteric bacteria were isolated from 53 faecal samples of pigs collected from different districts of Mizoram, of which 102 (73.91 %) were Escherichia coli, 26 (18.84 %) were Salmonella spp. and 10 (7.25 %) were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Phenotypic confirmatory test (Double Discs Synergy Test) showed that 8 (5.80 %) E. coli isolates were ESBLs producer. PCR analysis confirmed that out of the eight isolate, 7 (5.07 %) harboured bla CTX-M-1 gene and/or bla TEM gene. Of the eight positive isolates, 7 (5.07 %) and 3 (2.17 %) were found to be positive for bla CTX-M-1 gene and bla TEM gene, respectively, of which 3 (2.17 %) isolates were positive for both the genes. Only 4 (2.90 %) E. coli isolates carried bla CTX-M-1 gene alone. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that all the isolates were carrying plasmids ranging between 0.9 and ~30 kb. Out of the seven isolates positive for bla CTX-M-1 and/or bla TEM , 2 (1.84 %) isolates were confirmed for bla CTX-M-1 gene in their plasmid. Only one E. coli isolate was found to be positive for both the genes in its plasmid. The resistance plasmid could not be transferred to a recipient by in vitro horizontal gene transfer method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, 796014 Mizoram India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lalzampuia
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, 796014 Mizoram India.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, 796014 Mizoram India.
authors.forename: Iadarilin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Warjri
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, 796014 Mizoram India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandra
keywords: BlaCTX-M-1; BlaTEM; ESBLs; North East India; Pigs