title: Treatment responses to tooth whitening in twins.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine heritability estimates of treatment responses to a 10% hydrogen peroxide strip-based whitening system in twins. Eighty-five twin pairs were randomly assigned to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips or placebo strips without peroxide. Both twins (monozygotic or dizygotic) received the same treatment. Maxillary teeth were treated for 30 minutes twice daily for 7 days. Efficacy was measured objectively as L* (light-dark), a* (red-green), and b* (yellow-blue) color change from digital images at baseline (∆) and day 8. Heritability estimates for tooth whitening treatment responses for changes from day 8 to baseline were obtained using variance-component methodologies. Whitening treatment responses were highly heritable (h(2) = 71.0) for ∆b* and ∆a*(p < .0001), but not for ∆L* (h(2) = 27.0), which was essentially modulated by environmental factors. This study has demonstrated that both genetic and environmental factors significantly contributed to seven-day whitening treatment responses achieved with 10% hydrogen peroxide strips.
authors.affiliation: New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Corby
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biesbrock
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.affiliation: Twins Institute for Genetics Research, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Corby
authors.affiliation: Twins Institute for Genetics Research, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Scripps Genomics for Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Schork
authors.affiliation: New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Bretz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide