title: B-scan ultrasonography following open globe repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the accuracy and predictive ability of B-scan ultrasonography in the post-repair assessment of an open globe injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 965 open globe injuries treated at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary between 1 January 2000 and 1 June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 427 ultrasound reports on 210 patients were analyzed. Ultrasound reports were examined for the following characteristics: vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous tag, retinal tear, RD (including subcategories total RD, partial RD, closed funnel RD, open funnel RD, and chronic RD), vitreous traction, vitreous debris, serous choroidal detachment, hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, kissing choroidal detachment, dislocated crystalline lens, dislocated intraocular lens (IOL), disrupted crystalline lens, intraocular foreign body (IOFB), intraocular air, irregular posterior globe contour, disorganized posterior intraocular contents, posterior vitreous detachment, choroidal vs retinal detachment, vitreal membranes, and choroidal thickening. The main outcome measure was visual outcome at final follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 427 B-scan reports, there were a total of 57 retinal detachments, 19 retinal tears, 18 vitreous traction, 59 serous choroidal detachments, 47 hemorrhagic choroidal detachments, and 10 kissing choroidal detachments. Of patients with multiple studies, 26% developed retinal detachments or retinal tears on subsequent scans. Ultrasound had 100% positive predictive value for diagnosing retinal detachment and IOFB. The diagnoses of retinal detachment, disorganized posterior contents, hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, kissing choroidal detachment, and irregular posterior contour were associated with worse visual acuity at final follow-up. Disorganized posterior contents correlated with particularly poor outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B-scan ultrasonography is a proven, cost-effective imaging modality in the management of an open globe injury. This tool can offer both diagnostic and prognostic information, useful for both surgical planning and further medical management.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA [2] Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, UIC Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yiu
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [3] Visual Services, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Andreoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult