title: X-ray imaging methods for internal quality evaluation of agricultural produce.
abstract: A number of non-destructive methods for internal quality evaluation have been studied by different researchers over the past eight decades. X-ray and computed tomography imaging techniques are few of them which are gaining popularity now days in various fields of agriculture and food quality evaluation. These techniques, so far predominantly used in medical applications, have also been explored for internal quality inspection of various agricultural products non-destructively, when quality features are not visible on the surface of the products. Though, safety of operators and time required for tests are of concern, the non-destructive nature of these techniques has great potential for wide applications on agricultural produce. This paper presents insight of X-ray based non-destructive techniques such as X-ray imaging and Computed Tomography (CT). The concepts, properties, equipment and their parameters, systems and applications associated with the use of X-rays and CT for agricultural produce have been elaborated.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Bhopal, 462 038 India.
authors.forename: Nachiket
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kotwaliwale
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Bhopal, 462 038 India.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Bhopal, 462 038 India.
authors.forename: Abhimannyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalne
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141 004 India.
authors.forename: Shyam Narayan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.affiliation: College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Godhra, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.affiliation: Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012 India.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kar
keywords: Agricultural produce; Computed tomography; Digital radiography; Internal quality evaluation; Non-destructive quality inspection; X-ray imaging