title: The effect of stroke and other components in Xing-Nao-Jing on the pharmacokinetics of geniposide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Geniposide is a bioactive substance derived from gardenia, which has been used in traditional Chinese preparation, such as "Xing-Nao-Jing" (XNJ) for stroke treatment. Stroke and the ingredients of herbal preparation affect the pharmacokinetics of geniposide. A comparative pharmacokinetic study of geniposide in stroke and sham-operated rats after administration of XNJ and geniposide was proceeded to evaluate the effect of stroke on pharmacokinetics of geniposide, while the influence of other components in XNJ was determined by using gardenia extract and geniposide-borneol compounds in rats with stroke to compare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion 2h later. Plasma concentration of geniposide was determined by HPLC. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from the plasma concentration versus time data using non-compartmental methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-t) in stroke after administration of XNJ were 5.97±3.82 μg/mL, and 570.06±274.32 μg·min/mL, respectively, which were 5 times compared with sham-operated rats or the stroke-afflicted rats given geniposide. In stroke, the Cmax and AUC(0-t) of geniposide-borneol group and gardenia extraction group were close to XNJ group and geniposide group, respectively. The geniposide-borneol group had a higher value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke improved the absorption of geniposide in XNJ. Borneol may be the key ingredient in XNJ improving the absorption of geniposide.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China. Electronic address: clamslowly@163.com.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China. Electronic address: dushouying@263.net.
authors.forename: Shou-ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China. Electronic address: landocean28@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Yi-wang
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese MateriaMedica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
authors.forename: Yan-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001892:Camphanes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D032062:Gardenia / Q000737:chemistry*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D039823:Iridoids; C007835:geniposide; C022871:isoborneol
keywords: Borneol; Compatibility; Geniposide; Pharmacokinetics; Stroke