title: High prevalence of low bone mass and associated factors in Korean HIV-positive male patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low bone mass is prevalent in HIV-positive patients. However, compared to Western countries, less is known about HIV-associated osteopenia in Asian populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional survey in Seoul National University Hospital from December 2011 to May 2012. We measured bone mineral density using central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, with consent, in male HIV-positive patients, aged 40 years and older. Diagnosis of low bone mass was made using International Society for Clinical Densitometry Z-score criteria in the 40-49 years age group and World Health Organization T-score criteria in the >50-year age group. The data were compared with those of a community-based cohort in Korea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four HIV-positive male patients were included in this study. Median age was 49 (interquartile range [IQR], 45-56) years, and median body mass index (BMI) was 22.6 (IQR, 20.9-24.4). Viral suppression was achieved in 75 (89.3%) patients and median duration of antiretroviral therapy was 71 (IQR, 36-120) months. The overall prevalence of low bone mass was 16.7% in the 40-49 years age group and 54.8% in the>50 years age group. Our cohort had significantly lower bone mass at the femur neck and total hip than HIV-negative Koreans in the 40-49 years age group. Low bone mass was significantly associated with low BMI, and a high level of serum carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks, but was not associated with antiretroviral regimen or duration of antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low bone mass is prevalent in Korean HIV-positive males undergoing antiretroviral therapy, and may be associated with increased bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pyoeng Gyun
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nak-Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wan Beom
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eu Suk
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung-don
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; molder@unitel.co.kr.
authors.forename: Nam Joong
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015519:Bone Density; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: AIDS; HIV; osteopenia; osteoporosis