title: Clamshell and hemiclamshell incisions.
abstract: Sternotomy is one of the most frequent accesses in cardio-thoracic surgery. Transverse sternotomy with bilateral thoracotomy and combined approaches are developed. Surgical techniques, indications and pitfalls of these incisions are described.
authors.affiliation: Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Civil, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dürrleman
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Massard