title: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection in unrecognised early pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor medications has widened considerably to include indications affecting females of reproductive age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present our experiences following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab during the first trimester of unrecognised pregnancies in four women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All our patients were inadvertently exposed to bevacizumab within the first trimester when placental growth and fetal organogenesis take place. There were three cases of pregnancy without complication and one case of complicated pregnancy in which there was a significant past obstetric history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series provides further insights into intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in early pregnancy. There is insufficient information to suggest that such use is safe, nor is there definitive evidence to suggest that it causes harm. We advise that ophthalmologists discuss pregnancy with women of childbearing age undergoing intraocular anti-VEGF injections. Should a woman become pregnant, counselling is needed to explain the potential risks and benefits, and the limited available data relating to the use of these agents in early pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, UK.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: C P R
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKibbin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab