title: Prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and evaluation of cardiovascular risk using three risk equations in nigerians living with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reports from middle- and high-income countries suggest that the improved health outcome from highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) is being mitigated by increase in deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was to determine the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and the 10-year cardiovascular risk using three risk equations in PLWHIV with no overt vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study involved 265 PLWHIV. We classified the subjects as having low, moderate or high cardiovascular risk using the Framingham, World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the cohort was 38.7 ± 8.7 years; 179 (67.5%) were females and 214 (80.8%) were on HAART. The prevalent traditional CVRFs in our cohort were low physical activity (66%), low HDL-C (49.1%), hypercholesterolaemia (33.6%), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) (32.8%) and elevated LDL-C (28.3%). The prevalence of smoking was very low (1.9%). The prevalence of moderate to high 10-year coronary risk was 11.7, 12.8, and 12.8% according to the Framingham, WHO/ISH and SCORE risk equations, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of our patients had low overall cardiovascular risk according to the three risk equations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology/Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ayodele Olugbenga
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Edward
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology/Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akinboro Adeolu
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Oladayo
authors.affiliation: People Living with HIV/AIDS Clinic, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akinyemi Suliat
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Omolola
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adepeju Akinlawon
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adetiloye
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Popoola Adetoun
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adedayo
keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors; Human immunodeficiency virus; Risk scores