title: The effect of time between handling and photoactivation on self-adhesive resin cement properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the degree of conversion, absorption, and solubility in water of self-adhesive resin cements subjected to different time intervals between material preparation and the photoactivation procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two dual self-adhesive resin cements were tested: RelyX Unicem and SmartCem2. The degree of conversion as a function of time was evaluated by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy using the attenuated total reflectance technique. Three time intervals between handling and photoactivation were applied: Group 1 = immediately; Group 2 = a 1-minute interval; Group 3 = a 4-minute interval. All specimens were irradiated with a light-emitting diode source for 40 seconds. Thirty discs of each cement (1 mm thick × 6 mm diameter, n = 10) were prepared for the absorption and solubility tests. These specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 90 days. The results were subjected to ANOVA with two factors (material and activation time intervals) and Tukey's test (95% significance).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4-minute interval significantly reduced the degree of conversion of SmartCem2 (30.6% ± 8.3%). No other significant changes were observed for the degree of conversion; however, the time intervals before photoactivation interfered significantly in the water absorption of the RelyX Unicem specimens but not the SmartCem2 specimens. The time intervals did not affect the solubility of either cement. In all cases, SmartCem2 had higher solubility than RelyX Unicem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The time interval between handling and photoactivation significantly influenced the degree of conversion and water sorption of the resin-based cements. In general, one can say that the self-adhesive resin cements should be photoactivated as soon as possible after the material handling process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal Rio de Janeiro University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Oral Rehabilitation Area, School of Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Soares Quirino
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: da Silva Fonseca
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mizrahi
authors.forename: Livia Rodrigues
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Lisia Lorea
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Rafael Ratto
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Luis Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D003890:Desiccation; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D058105:Polymerization; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; D014867:Water; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: Self-adhesive resin cement; solubility; water sorption