title: In vitro and in vivo degradation evaluation of novel iron-bioceramic composites for bone implant applications.
abstract: Biodegradable metals such as magnesium, iron and their alloys have been known as potential materials for temporary medical implants. However, most of the studies on biodegradable metals have been focusing on optimizing their mechanical properties and degradation behavior with no emphasis on improving their bioactivity behavior. We therefore investigated the possibility of improving iron biodegradation rate and bioactivity by incorporating various bioactive bioceramics. The iron-based bioceramic (hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and biphasic calcium phosphate) composites were prepared by mechanical mixing and sintering process. Degradation studies indicated that the addition of bioceramics lowered the corrosion potential of the composites and slightly increased their corrosion rate compared to that of pure iron. In vitro cytotoxicity results showed an increase of cellular activity when rat smooth muscle cells interacted with the degrading composites compared to pure iron. X-ray radiogram analysis showed a consistent degradation progress with that found in vivo and positive tissue response up to 70 days implantation in sheep animal model. Therefore, the iron-based bioceramic composites have the potential to be used for biodegradable bone implant applications.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ulum
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arafat
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noviana
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Yusop
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Riau, Pekan Baru, Indonesia.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nasution
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abdul Kadir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Electronic address: hendra.hermawan@biomedical.utm.my.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hermawan
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003343:Corrosion; D017097:Electric Impedance; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012756:Sheep; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007501:Iron
keywords: Bioceramics; Biodegradable metals; Cytotoxicity; Degradation; Implantation; Iron