title: Cytokine levels of the aqueous humour in central serous chorioretinopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to investigate the levels of aqueous humour cytokines in the eyes of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), who received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, and to evaluate the differences in cytokine levels between bevacizumab responders and non-responders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous humour samples were collected from 39 eyes of 39 patients with CSC and 25 eyes of 25 control patients undergoing cataract surgery and were analysed using Multiplex bead assays. We compared the cytokine levels in patients with CSC (responders and non-responders) and control subjects. After intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in patients with CSC, we evaluated the changes in visual acuity and optical coherence tomographic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased levels of interferon gamma-induced protein (IP-10) were detected in the aqueous humour of eyes from patients with CSC compared to controls (p = 0.036). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly higher in bevacizumab responders than in non-responders (p = 0.021). The concentrations of the other cytokines investigated did not differ significantly between patients with CSC and control subjects or between responders and non-responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that IP-10 and VEGF may contribute to the pathogenesis of CSC. It is clear that intravitreal bevacizumab was helpful in some of the patients with CSC, who showed higher levels of VEGF in the aqueous humour. However, the true effect and the rationale of anti-VEGF injection treatment in patients with CSC remain to be elucidated. Our results suggest that patients with CSC may be more susceptible to VEGF and/or other cytokines than the normal population.
authors.affiliation: Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kyung-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sea Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Sung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab
keywords: aqueous humour; bevacizumab; central serous chorioretinopathy; cytokines