title: A case of neurotoxicity following envenomation by the Sidewinder rattlesnake, Crotalus cerastes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  North American rattlesnake envenomations typically result in local tissue injury and hematologic derangements. Neurotoxicity is uncommon but when present often manifests as fasciculations and paresthesias. Neurotoxicity following Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) envenomation has not been previously reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 56-year-old man bitten on the right foot developed painful paresthesias, weakness and fasciculations of the right lower extremity, and involuntary muscle contractions of the anterior thigh. Local tissue effects and hemotoxicity never developed. The patient was discharged 5 days after the bite with resolution of fasciculations but continued to have right-sided weakness. The snake was identified as a Sidewinder, C. cerastes, by the patient and two independent herpetologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first reported case of a Sidewinder rattlesnake envenomation resulting in neurotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, 925 East McDowell Road, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, adam.bosak@bannerhealth.com.
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bosak
authors.forename: Anne-Michelle
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ruha
authors.forename: Kimberlie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Graeme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001130:Arizona; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D017839:Crotalus; D018450:Disease Progression; D005207:Fasciculation / Q000209:etiology; D005528:Foot; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms