title: [An autopsy case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with prominent muscle cramps, fasciculation, and high titer of anti-voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody].
abstract: The patient was a 55-year-old male who had prominent fasciculation and muscle cramps. Muscle weakness and atrophy of the trunk, respiratory system, and extremities gradually progressed. On the basis of these features, we diagnosed this patient as having amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however, the upper motor neuron signs were not significant. Following the detection of the anti-voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody at 907.5 pM (normal < 100 pM) and repetitive discharge in a nerve conduction study, immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone (mPSL), double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), ciclosporin, and rituximab was introduced. mPSL and DFPP showed only tentative effectiveness for fasciculation and muscle cramps, respectively. Thereafter, muscle weakness progressed. The patient died of type II respiratory failure at the age of 57 years, about 2 years after the onset of the disease. At autopsy, a histopathological diagnosis of ALS with lower-motor-predominant degeneration was made. Characteristic cellular features, including Bunina bodies in the remaining lower motor neurons and phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43-kDa (pTDP-43)-immunopositive inclusions in both upper and lower motor neuron systems, were evident. At present, an immunological role of the anti-VGKC complex antibody in the development of cramp-fasciculation syndrome has been speculated. In this ALS patient, the antibodies might be associated with pathomechanisms underlying the characteristic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Niigata City General Hospital.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Junsuke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinbo
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashidate
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakita
authors.forename: Motoyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001344:Autopsy; D005207:Fasciculation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated