title: Genetic influence on exercise-induced changes in physical function among mobility-limited older adults.
abstract: To date, physical exercise is the only intervention consistently demonstrated to attenuate age-related declines in physical function. However, variability exists in seniors' responsiveness to training. One potential source of variability is the insertion (I allele) or deletion (D allele) of a 287 bp fragment in intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. This polymorphism is known to influence a variety of physiological adaptions to exercise. However, evidence is inconclusive regarding the influence of this polymorphism on older adults' functional responses to exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the association of ACE I/D genotypes with changes in physical function among Caucasian older adults (n = 283) following 12 mo of either structured, multimodal physical activity or health education. Measures of physical function included usual-paced gait speed and performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). After checking Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we used using linear regression to evaluate the genotype*treatment interaction for each outcome. Covariates included clinic site, body mass index, age, sex, baseline score, comorbidity, and use of angiotensin receptor blockers or ACE inhibitors. Genotype frequencies [II (19.4%), ID (42.4%), DD (38.2%)] were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The genotype*treatment interaction was statistically significant for both gait speed (P = 0.002) and SPPB (P = 0.020). Exercise improved gait speed by 0.06 ± 0.01 m/sec and SPPB score by 0.72 ± 0.16 points among those with at least one D allele (ID/DD carriers), but function was not improved among II carriers. Thus, ACE I/D genotype appears to play a role in modulating functional responses to exercise training in seniors.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida;
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Buford
authors.forename: Fang-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Tina E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Brinkley
authors.forename: Christy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dodson
authors.forename: Bret H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Goodpaster
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nicklas
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yank
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: ACE gene; aging; disability; exercise; genetics