title: Clinical and radiological classification of the jawbone anatomy in endosseous dental implant treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of present article was to review the classifications suggested for assessment of the jawbone anatomy, to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of mandibular canal identification and risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury, aesthetic considerations in aesthetic zone, as well as to suggest new classification system of the jawbone anatomy in endosseous dental implant treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature was selected through a search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases. The keywords used for search were mandible; mandibular canal; alveolar nerve, inferior; anatomy, cross-sectional; dental implants; classification. The search was restricted to English language articles, published from 1972 to March 2013. Additionally, a manual search in the major anatomy and oral surgery books were performed. The publications there selected by including clinical and human anatomy studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 109 literature sources were obtained and reviewed. The classifications suggested for assessment of the jawbone anatomy, diagnostic possibilities of mandibular canal identification and risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury, aesthetic considerations in aesthetic zone were discussed. New classification system of the jawbone anatomy in endosseous dental implant treatment based on anatomical and radiologic findings and literature review results was suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The classification system proposed here based on anatomical and radiological jawbone quantity and quality evaluation is a helpful tool for planning of treatment strategy and collaboration among specialists. Further clinical studies should be conducted for new classification validation and reliability evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas Lithuania.
authors.forename: Gintaras
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juodzbalys
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas Lithuania.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubilius
keywords: classification.; cross-sectional anatomy; dental implants; inferior alveolar nerve; mandible