title: Ellagic acid-induced thrombotic focal cerebral ischemic model in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemic stroke is a common cause of human disability and death. Animal models of focal cerebral ischemia are widely utilized to mimic human ischemic stroke. Although models of focal cerebral ischemia have been well established, very few evidence is based on triggering the intrinsic coagulation system to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Ellagic acid (EA) has been identified to trigger the intrinsic coagulation system via activating coagulation factor XII. However, it remains unknown whether EA can serve as a novel pharmacological approach to induce a new model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  EA was used for inducing focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats. The dose- and time-dependent effects of EA were characterized. The cerebral infarction ratio was determined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the histopathological analysis of the brain tissue was performed under light microscopy. The neurological deficit score was evaluated by a modified method of Bederson. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in serum were determined by spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of EA into the middle cerebral artery of rats was able to generate focal cerebral infarction and increased the neurological deficit score and the brain weight to body weight ratio in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, EA raised serum LDH activity and MDA level and decreased serum SOD activity in a dose-related fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first evidence to show that EA induces focal cerebral ischemia in rats, which is similar to human ischemia stroke in pathogenesis. This model holds promise for pathological, pharmacological and clinical studies of ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Tianxia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Liuxin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: ljt@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Juntian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Animal model; Ellagic acid; Focal cerebral ischemia; Stroke