title: Valgus bracing in symptomatic varus malalignment for testing the expectable "unloading effect" following valgus high tibial osteotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the expectable postoperative pain relief following valgus high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is reliably predictable with the temporary use of an unloading knee brace preoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients with symptomatic varus malalignment were treated with a valgus producing unloading knee brace for 6-8 weeks. The pain intensity in the respective knee compartment was monitored using the visual analogue scale (VAS) before and following this treatment. A "positive" Brace-Test was defined as a pain relief medially without initiated symptoms laterally. In these cases, a valgus HTO was suggested as a promising surgical option. Patients who were subsequently operated were clinically re-evaluated 1 year postoperatively to compare the postoperative outcome with the result of the Brace-Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VAS score decreased from 6.7 [standard deviation (SD) 1.6] to 2.5 points (SD 1.7) (p < 0.001) following the Brace-Test. Overall, 48 patients had a positive test. A valgus HTO was performed in 29 of them. The mean postoperative VAS score was 1.9 (SD 1.7) points with no difference to the result of the test (n.s.). Nineteen patients with a positive test initially decided for a conservative treatment. In three of nine patients with a negative test, a total knee replacement was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the temporary use of an unloading valgus producing knee brace may well predict future outcome of HTO surgery in terms of expectable postoperative pain relief. The Brace-Test gives both the patient and the orthopaedic surgeon more detailed preoperative information, especially in critical or borderline indications. Thus, it is a useful tool to test the unloading effect before indicating an HTO.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: Department for Orthopaedic Sportsmedicine, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minzlaff
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saier
authors.forename: Peter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Andreas B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Imhoff
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinterwimmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D001915:Braces; D005260:Female; D056305:Genu Varum / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D010027:Osteotomy; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011379:Prognosis; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult