title: Interplay of Th1 and Th17 cells in murine models of malignant pleural effusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T (Th1) cells and IL-17-producing CD4(+) T (Th17) cells have been found to be involved in multiple malignancies; however, the reciprocal relationship between Th1 and Th17 cells in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) remains to be elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the differentiation and immune regulation of Th1 and Th17 cells in the development of MPE in murine models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distribution and differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells in MPE were investigated in IFN-γ(-/-), IL-17(-/-), and wild-type mice. The effects of Th1 and Th17 cells on the development of MPE and the survival of mice bearing MPE were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have demonstrated that increased Th1 and Th17 cells could be found in MPE as compared with blood and spleen. Compared with wild-type mice, Th17 cells were markedly augmented in MPE from IFN-γ(-/-) mice, and improved survival could be seen in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Th1 cell numbers were elevated in MPE from IL-17(-/-) mice, and decreased survival could be seen in IL-17(-/-) mice. The in vitro experiments showed that IFN-γ deficiency promoted Th17-cell differentiation by suppressing the STAT3 pathway and that IL-17 deficiency promoted Th1-cell differentiation by suppressing the STAT1 pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In mouse models of MPE, IFN-γ inhibited Th17-cell differentiation, whereas IL-17 inhibited Th1-cell differentiation. IL-17 inhibited the formation of MPE and improved the survival of mice bearing MPE; in contrast, IFN-γ promoted MPE formation and mouse death.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Qian-Qian
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiu-Zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiao-Juan
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Wan-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Huan-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000276:immunology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020381:Interleukin-17; D007371:Interferon-gamma