title: Evaluation of amifostine for protection against cisplatin-induced serious hearing loss in children treated for average-risk or high-risk medulloblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate amifostine for protection from cisplatin-induced serious hearing loss in patients with average-risk medulloblastoma by extending a previous analysis to a much larger sample size. In addition, this study aimed to assess amifostine with serious hearing loss in patients with high-risk medulloblastoma treated with cisplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newly diagnosed medulloblastoma patients (n = 379; ages 3-21 years), enrolled on one of 2 sequential St. Jude clinical protocols that included 4 courses of 75 mg/m(2) cisplatin, were compared for hearing loss by whether or not they received 600 mg/m(2) of amifostine immediately before and 3 hours into each cisplatin infusion. Amifostine administration was not randomized. The last audiological evaluation between 5.5 and 24.5 months following protocol treatment initiation was graded using the Chang Ototoxicity Scale. A grade of ≥ 2b (loss requiring a hearing aid or deafness) was considered a serious event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among average-risk patients (n = 263), amifostine was associated with protection from serious hearing loss (adjusted OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14-0.64). For high-risk patients (n = 116), however, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that amifostine prevented serious hearing loss (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.31-2.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although patients in this study were not randomly assigned to amifostine treatment, we found evidence in favor of amifostine administration for protection against cisplatin-induced serious hearing loss in average-risk but not in high-risk, medulloblastoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gurney
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Johnnie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onar-Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chintagumpala
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouffet
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hassall
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Sridharan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gururangan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kellie
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Atmaram Pai
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Panandiker
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wetmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Qaddoumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Clinton F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broniscer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.G.G., G.T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Service, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (J.K.B.); Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (A.O.-T., J.H.); Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.W., I.Q., G.T.A., A.B., A.G.); Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee, (A.P.P., T.E.M.); Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenneessee (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis Tenneessee (C.F.S.); Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.C.); Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (E.B.); Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Herston, Australia (T.H.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (S.G.); The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.A.H.); Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (S.K.); Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia (R.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.J.F.); School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenneessee (J.G.G.).
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajjar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004999:Amifostine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020011:Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: audiology; brain neoplasms; late effects; ototoxicity; platinum drugs