title: The effect of β-glucan on formation and functionality of neutrophil extracellular traps in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been characterised as a novel antimicrobial host defence strategy of neutrophils besides phagocytosis and degranulation, which may lead to entrapment and subsequent immobilisation and/or killing of bacterial pathogens. Here we studied the effect of the feed additive β-glucan, namely MacroGard(®), on the formation and functionality of NETs in carp. Therefore, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) head kidney and kidney cells were isolated and treated with or without β-glucan over time. The formation of NETs was analysed by immunofluorescence microscopy and revealed a distinct increase of NET-formation with β-glucan. Furthermore the subsequent entrapment of Aeromonas hydrophila, an important fish pathogen, was increased after stimulating the cells with β-glucan. However, β-glucan did not lead to a stimulation of antimicrobial activity of neutrophils against A. hydrophila. In conclusion, the data underline the fact that the feed additive β-glucan is able to modulate carp neutrophil functions.
authors.affiliation: Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brogden
authors.affiliation: Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krimmling
authors.affiliation: Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Mikołaj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hassan Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Naim
authors.affiliation: Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinhagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: mkoeckbl@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Köckritz-Blickwede
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000276:immunology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005110:Extracellular Space; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000166:cytology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila; Carp; Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); Neutrophils; β-Glucan