title: Transcriptional response of kidney tissue after 177Lu-octreotate administration in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The kidneys are one of the main dose limiting organs in (177)Lu-octreotate therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. Therefore, biomarkers for radiation damage would be of great importance in this type of therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the absorbed dose dependency on early transcriptional changes in the kidneys from (177)Lu-octreotate exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Balb/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 1.3, 3.6, 14, 45 or 140 MBq (177)Lu-octreotate. The animals were killed 24 h after injection followed by excision of the kidneys. The absorbed dose to the kidneys ranged between 0.13 and 13 Gy. Total RNA was extracted from separated renal tissue samples, and applied to Illumina MouseRef-8 Whole-Genome Expression Beadchips to identify regulated transcripts after irradiation. Nexus Expression 2.0 and Gene Ontology terms were used for data processing and to determine affected biological processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distinct transcriptional responses were observed following (177)Lu-octreotate administration. A higher number of differentially expressed transcripts were observed in the kidney medulla (480) compared to cortex (281). In addition, 39 transcripts were regulated at all absorbed dose levels in the medulla, compared to 32 in the cortex. Three biological processes in the cortex and five in the medulla were also shared by all absorbed dose levels. Strong association to metabolism was found among the affected processes in both tissues. Furthermore, an association with cellular and developmental processes was prominent in kidney medulla, while transport and immune response were prominent in kidney cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific biological and dose-dependent responses were observed in both tissues. The number of affected transcripts and biological processes revealed distinct response differences between the absorbed doses delivered to the tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: emil.schuler@gu.se.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schüler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rudqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Toshima Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Parris
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Langen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forssell-Aronsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007267:Injections; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: C554548:177Lu-octreotate; D015282:Octreotide
keywords: Kidney response; Lu-177; Radiation biology; Radionuclide therapy; Transcriptional gene regulation