title: Periodontal disease associated with blood glucose levels in urban Koreans aged 50 years and older: the Dong-gu study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of periodontal disease and the number of teeth present with the risk of prediabetes and diabetes as well as with blood glucose and HbA1c levels in adult Koreans.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes has not been fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from 5535 participants aged ≥50 years were obtained from 2008 to 2010. Periodontal status was measured as pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) recorded. The percentage of sites with a PD ≥4 mm, CAL ≥4 mm (CAL4) and BOP (BOP%) were recorded. Participants were divided into three groups according to PD4, CAL4 and BOP% measurements. Number of teeth present was divided into four groups. Participants were classified as normoglycaemic, prediabetic or diabetic based on HbA1c and fasting glucose levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After full adjustment, the highest tertile of CAL4 (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.18-2.02, p < 0.001), PD4 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.97, p < 0.001) and BOP% (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07-1.75, p = 0.012) had significantly increased odds of diabetes. The number of teeth present was inversely related to diabetes (p < 0.001) and prediabetes (p = 0.032) risk. Periodontal disease severity was positively associated with HbA1c and glucose levels. The number of teeth present was positively associated with HbA1c, but not glucose, levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal disease and the number of teeth present are associated with an increased risk of diabetes and increased blood glucose and HbA1c levels in Koreans aged ≥50 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.|Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Seog
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kweon
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Joon
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Su
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: HbA1c; diabetes; glucose; periodontal disease