title: Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis rapidly up-regulate galectin-3 secretion by human gingival epithelial cells.
abstract: Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding C-type lectin that plays an important role in innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis up-regulate galectin-3 secretion by human gingival epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts. Ca9-22, a human gingival epithelial cell line, and human gingival fibroblasts were incubated in the presence or absence of C. albicans or C. parapsilosis without serum. Levels of secreted human galectin-3 in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also pretreated Ca9-22 cells with cytochalasin D (an actin polymerization inhibitor), ALLN (a calpain inhibitor) and LY294002 [a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor] to determine whether the up-regulation of galectin-3 secretion was mediated by cytoskeletal changes, protease activity, or PI3K signaling. Galectin-3 secretion was significantly and rapidly up-regulated by live C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, as well as heat-killed C. albicans. In addition, cytochalasin D, LY294002 and ALLN did not inhibit the up-regulation in galectin-3 secretion. These results suggest that both live and heat-killed C. albicans and C. parapsilosis may increase the activity of the innate immune system and invasion by other microorganisms via up-regulation of galectin-3 secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Riyoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyoura
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D037161:Galectins; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002867:Chromones; D037502:Galectin 3; D037161:Galectins; C428445:LGALS3 protein, human; D007976:Leupeptins; D009025:Morpholines; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; C063261:acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal; D015638:Cytochalasin D; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D002154:Calpain