title: Incidence and causes of iatrogenic retinal breaks in idiopathic macular hole and epiretinal membrane.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the incidence and cause of iatrogenic retinal breaks (RBs) and postoperative retinal detachment (RD) in cases of idiopathic macular hole (MH) and epiretinal membrane (ERM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 79 eyes with MH and 41 eyes with ERM, the relationship between the incidence of RBs and RD, and the frequency of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and lattice degeneration (LD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of RBs related to the operation was significantly higher in eyes with MH. The frequency of PVD was significantly higher in eyes with ERM. The frequency of LD did not differ between groups. In the MH group, the incidence of RBs related to the operation was high in eyes without PVD, but with LD. We observed four cases of RD in the MH group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MH group had higher incidence of RBs related to the operation, especially in eyes without PVD or with LD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center , Meguro, Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Goji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000453:epidemiology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy; D020255:Vitreous Detachment / Q000453:epidemiology