title: Probiotic screening and safety evaluation of Lactobacillus strains from plants, artisanal goat cheese, human stools, and breast milk.
abstract: The aim of this study was to select autochthonous strains of Lactobacillus from stools of healthy infants and adults, human milk, artisanal goat cheese, and fruits and vegetables according to their probiotic properties and safety. From 421 strains of Lactobacillus isolated, 102 (24.2%) were shown to be tolerant to gastric pH and bile salts; they were used to determine their anti-Helicobacter pylori (agar diffusion assay), antioxidant (oxygen radical absorption capacity), and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of interleukin-8 release by tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated HT-29 cells) activities as well as their ability to adhere to intestinal (Caco-2) and gastric (AGS) epithelial cells. Results obtained were compared with three commercial probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. plantarum 299v, and L. johnsonii NCC533. The five strains most efficient according to these activities were subsequently identified by sequencing their 16S rRNA gene, their susceptibility to antibiotics was determined, and their safety evaluated in mice. One strain of L. plantarum was discarded due to the higher prevalence of liver bacterial translocation observed in the animals fed this strain. In conclusion, four autochthonous strains of L. rhamnosus were finally selected with probiotic properties and safety allowing their eventual use in human studies. These results contribute to increase the diversity of probiotic strains available for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratories of Microbiology and Probiotics, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile .
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotteland
authors.forename: Maria Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cires
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carvallo
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Maria Antonieta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Astudillo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubos
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Troncoso
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulloa
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mizgier
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Pozo
authors.forename: Hernan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Speisky
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brunser
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000898:Antibiosis; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts