title: One-stage percutaneous triple procedure for treatment of endoscopically unmanageable patients with malignant biliary obstruction and marked ascites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of one-stage percutaneous triple procedure including; ascites drainage, primary metallic biliary stenting, and tract embolisation with N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), in treatment of patients with malignant biliary obstruction and marked ascites.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 25 patients with malignant biliary obstruction and marked ascites (age range, 46-78y; mean age±SD, 65y±5) for whom endoscopic treatment failed or was unsuitable. Ascites drainage, percutaneous primary metallic biliary stenting, and tract embolisation with lipiodol/NBCA mixture were performed in a one-stage procedure. The mean±SD follow up period was 26±2weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical and clinical success rates were 96% and 88% respectively. No procedure related deaths or major complications were observed. The reported minor complications included; moderate pain and vomiting during and after balloon dilation, postprocedural cholangitis, and bile leakage in 44%, 16%, and 8% of the patients respectively. Primary stent patency was achieved in 96%. The 30-days mortality was 8%. The stent obstruction occurred in 3 (13%) of the 23 patients who survived more than 30-days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous drainage of ascites followed immediately by primary biliary stenting, together with tract embolisation with NBCA is technically feasible, safe, and effective alternative palliative treatment for endoscopically unmanageable patients with malignant biliary obstruction and marked ascites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Assiut University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71517, Egypt. Electronic address: hanyseifrad@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hany M A
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seif
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Assiut University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71517, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zidan
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine & Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Assiut 71517, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helmy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D004659:Enbucrilate
keywords: Biliary stenting; CBD; Malignant ascites; N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate; NBCA; PTBD; Tract embolisation; US; common bile duct; percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; ultrasonography