title: Anatomical and histological study of the arterial distribution in the columellar area, and the clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to elucidate the distribution of the columellar artery (CoA) in the mobile nasal septum by means of detailed dissection and histological observation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen Korean cadavers were examined; five specimens were dissected to observe the ramification pattern of the CoA from the superior labial artery (SLA), and the noses of ten specimens were quick-frozen in isopropanol cooled with liquid nitrogen and then cryosectioned at a thickness of 40 μm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The arterial vasculature of the CoA in the columella was supplied by the SLA and entered the columella via the columellolabial junction. The vessels of the CoA proceeded anteriorly, inferior to the medial crus of the lower lateral cartilage (MC) at the midline, at the basal and posterior portions of the septum. The vessels traveled closer to the MC than the epidermis. There were very few vessels in the area between the left and right MCs, which was usually packed only with loose connective tissue. More anteriorly, there were more abundant vessels between the MC and the epidermis, with a dispersed distribution. In axial sections, multiple vessels were dispersed in front of the MC, with the pattern varying among the specimens. Furthermore, tiny vessels were also detected in the vicinity of the septal cartilage posterior to the MC. The microdistribution near to the MC was almost consistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anatomical findings of the CoA in this study will be useful for safe manipulations during various medical interventions in the columella.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hun-Mu
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hee-Jang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pyeon
authors.forename: Hong-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000098:blood supply*; D056910:Republic of Korea