title: Chemical composition and physical quality characteristics of Ghanaian cocoa beans as affected by pulp pre-conditioning and fermentation.
abstract: Investigations were conducted to evaluate the effects of pod storage (as a means of pulp preconditioning) and fermentation on the chemical composition and physical characteristics of Ghanaian cocoa beans. A 4 × 2 full factorial design with factors as pod storage (0, 7, 14, 21 days) and cocoa treatment (fermented and unfermented) were conducted. Samples were analyzed for their chemical composition (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, ash and carbohydrate content) and mineral content using standard analytical methods. The physical qualities of the beans were analyzed for their proportions of cocoa nibs, shells and germ. Fermentation and increasing pod storage resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decreases in ash (3.48-2.92%), protein (21.63-17.62%) and fat (55.21-50.40%) content of the beans while carbohydrate content increased from 15.47% to 24.93% with both treatments. As well, increasing pod storage and fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the copper content of the beans from while reductions in Mg and K occurred. Amongst the minerals studied, potassium was the most abundant mineral followed by magnesium, phosphorus and calcium in the fermented cocoa beans. Proportion of cocoa nibs also increased from with increasing pod storage and fermentation whiles reductions in shell content and no appreciable changes in germ proportions were noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Emmanuel Ohene
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Afoakwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quao
authors.affiliation: Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo, Akim Eastern Region Ghana.
authors.forename: Jemmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takrama
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Agnes Simpson
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Budu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 134, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Firibu Kwesi
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Saalia
keywords: Chemical composition; Fermentation; Forastero; Physical quality; Pod storage; Theobroma cacao