title: Outcome evaluation of the opioid agonist maintenance treatment in Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methadone maintenance treatment and buprenorphine maintenance treatment are the two main therapeutic options considered for opioid replacement therapy. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment and buprenorphine maintenance treatment in Iran under usual clinical conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this outcome research, 311 patients consented to participate in the study (77.8% response rate). The Opioid Treatment Index, General Health Questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were used to assess the effectiveness of the therapeutic programs. Drop-out rate was calculated after two and six months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean dose of methadone was in an acceptable range; however, doses for buprenorphine maintenance treatment patients seemed low. The rates of attrition after two and six months of treatment were 24.2% and 44.0% in the methadone maintenance treatment group and 41.3% and 65.4% in the buprenorphine maintenance treatment group, respectively (P < 0.001). Drug use, HIV risk-taking behaviour, and mental and physical health improved in both groups at six months of treatment, while quality of life improved only in the methadone maintenance treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retention seen in the buprenorphine group may in part be related to the low buprenorphine doses used. As a whole, the positive results provide support to continuation of maintenance programs.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid-Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ziaddinni
authors.forename: Mohammad-Rafee
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nikravesh
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baneshi
authors.forename: Nouzar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakhaee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone
keywords: Iran; harm reduction; human; opioid-related disorders/rehabilitation; patient dropout/statistics and numerical data