title: Annexin V expression and anti-annexin V antibodies in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annexin V (AnxV) has potent anticoagulant properties and regulatory functions for apoptosis and inflammation. Antibodies against annexin V (anti-AnxVs) may inhibit AnxV functions, leading to thrombosis during autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease and related with an ongoing autoimmune inflammation and thrombotic complications. There is no study evaluating anti-AnxVs/AnxV in a disease setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of AnxV and anti-AnxVs in patients with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-one patients with type 1 diabetes and 92 healthy controls were included in this study. Serum levels of AnxV and anti-AnxVs and expression of the AnxV gene and its common polymorphism in Kozak sequence (-1C>T) were studied. As a functional assay, the binding capacity of AnxV to platelets was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with controls, type 1 diabetic patients had significantly low serum AnxV levels and AnxV gene expression. The number of anti-AnxV positivity and their serum levels were significantly higher in type 1 diabetic patients than controls. AnxV binding to platelets were significantly decreased in the type 1 diabetic patients. The frequencies of the -1C>T polymorphism of AnxV gene did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the significant changes in AnxV levels and its function in type 1 diabetic patients. These results support the hypothesis that the defective AnxV system may have a role in ongoing autoimmune activity and the development of thrombotic complications in type 1 diabetes. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the clinical impact of anti-AnxVs and dysregulated AnxV function in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry (F.B., S.N.), School of Pharmacy, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (U. Ü., N.B.), School of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Unlütürk
authors.forename: Nilgün
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Başkal
authors.forename: Serpil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nebioğlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D001323:Autoantibodies; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D012333:RNA, Messenger