title: Associations between the autonomic nervous system and the second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram indices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The indices of the second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram(SDPTG) denote stiffness of large arteries, peripheral vascular resistance and vascular aging. However, the association between the autonomic nervous activity and the SDPTG indices has not yet been elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SDPTG and heart rate variability(HRV) were consecutively measured in the sitting position on the day before surgery in 168 patients 18-89 years of age. The relationships between the SDPTG indices(b/a, c/a, d/a and e/a) and HRV indices(power spectral analysis and time domain analysis parameters) were analyzed. The relationships between c/a and atherosclerosis-based conditions and risk factors for atherosclerosis were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SDPTG index b/a was negatively associated and the d/a index was positively associated with the low-frequency(LF)(R=-0.44 and 0.42, respectively) and high-frequency(HF) components(R=-0.31 and 0.35, respectively). The SDPTG index c/a was also positively associated with the LF(R=0.40) and HF(R=0.44) components. A multivariate regression analysis showed that the LF, HF and heart rate were independent determinants of the c/a. Furthermore, the c/a values were significantly lower in the patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia than in those without these diseases, and a reduced c/a was significantly associated with increased serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that a decrease in c/a is associated with a reduced baroreflex response of the peripheral vasomotor activity and a decreased cardiac parasympathetic activity. Furthermore, a decrease in c/a was found to be associated with atherosclerosis-based conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohjitani
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Sachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Akina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tohya
authors.forename: Yozo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Teruto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: Kazuna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017156:Photoplethysmography / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult