title: Role of H2O2 dynamics in brassinosteroid-induced stomatal closure and opening in Solanum lycopersicum.
abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential for plant growth and development; however, their roles in the regulation of stomatal opening or closure remain obscure. Here, the mechanism underlying BR-induced stomatal movements is studied. The effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the stomatal apertures of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were measured by light microscopy using epidermal strips of wild type (WT), the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient notabilis (not) mutant, and plants silenced for SlBRI1, SlRBOH1 and SlGSH1. EBR induced stomatal opening within an appropriate range of concentrations, whereas high concentrations of EBR induced stomatal closure. EBR-induced stomatal movements were closely related to dynamic changes in H(2)O(2) and redox status in guard cells. The stomata of SlRBOH1-silenced plants showed a significant loss of sensitivity to EBR. However, ABA deficiency abolished EBR-induced stomatal closure but did not affect EBR-induced stomatal opening. Silencing of SlGSH1, the critical gene involved in glutathione biosynthesis, disrupted glutathione redox homeostasis and abolished EBR-induced stomatal opening. The results suggest that transient H(2)O(2) production is essential for poising the cellular redox status of glutathione, which plays an important role in BR-induced stomatal opening. However, a prolonged increase in H(2)O(2) facilitated ABA signalling and stomatal closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Chun-Juan
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Liu-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jing-Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D060406:Brassinosteroids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D060406:Brassinosteroids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D005978:Glutathione; C023623:brassinolide
keywords: NADPH oxidase; abscisic acid; brassinosteroids; hydrogen peroxide; photosynthesis; stomata