title: Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Profiles of Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factors Produced by Human Decidual Cells Are Altered by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Supernatant.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 supernatant (GR-1SN) on secretion profiles of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from primary cultures of human decidual cells. Lipopolysaccharide significantly increased the output of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1B, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, interferon gamma [IFN-γ], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]); anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RN, IL-4, IL-9, and IL-10); chemokines (IL-8, eotaxin, IFN-inducible protein 10 [IP-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein-1α [MIP-1α], macrophage inflammatory protein-1β [MIP-1β], and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES]); and growth factors (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [CSF] 3, CSF-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGFA]). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1SN alone significantly increased CSF-3, MIP-1α MIP-1β, and RANTES but decreased IL-15 and IP-10 output. The GR-1SN also significantly or partially reduced LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2 IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17, and IP-10; partially reduced LPS-induced anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1RN, IL-4 and IL-10, and LPS-induced VEGFA output but did not affect CSF-3, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-9. Our results demonstrate that GR-1SN attenuates the inflammatory responses to LPS by human decidual cells, suggesting its potential role in ameliorating intrauterine infection.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Siwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, Siebens Drake Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sung O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, Siebens Drake Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Health Sciences, Suite 11022, Blusson Hall, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: John R G
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Challis
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada abocking@mtsinai.on.ca.
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bocking
keywords: 
                 Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1; chemokine; cytokine; decidual cells; growth factor; lipopolysaccharide