title: To evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength of three different intraoral ceramic repair systems: an in vitro study.
abstract: Fractures of metal-ceramic restoration pose an esthetic and functional dilemma both for patient and the dentist. Intraoral repair systems eliminate the remake and removal of restoration. Many intraoral repair materials and surface treatments are available to repair intraorally fractured metal-ceramic restoration. Bond strength data of various materials and specific technique used for repair are necessary for predicting the success of a given repair system. This study evaluated the shear bond strength of three different intraoral repair systems for metal-ceramic restorations applied on exposed metal and porcelain surface. One hundred and twenty metal discs (20 mm in diameter × 0.7 mm thick) were fabricated with nickel-chromium alloy (Mealloy, Dentsply, USA). Feldspathic porcelain (Duceram, Degudent, Germany) were applied over one test surface of the discs in the thickness of 1.8 mm followed by conventional firing. The defect, which simulates clinical failures were created in 1/4th area of the metal-ceramic discs. The metal-ceramic discs samples were divided into ceramic substrate (Group I, n = 60) and metal substrate (Group II, n = 60), according to the defect location. Then, samples of ceramic substrate (Group I) and metal substrate (Group II) were subdivided into A, B according to the surface treatments (A; roughening with diamond bur and B; abraded with 50 μ Al2O3) and repaired with one of the intraoral repair systems tested (a. Ceramic repair system, Ivoclar Vivadent; b. Clearfil repair system, Kurary, c; Porcelain repair system, 3 M ESPE). All the repaired samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. After thermocycling at 6-60° C, all the samples were stored at 37 °C for additional 7 days. Shear bond strength of all the samples were calculated by using Universal testing machine. The mean shear bond strength values for the group I (A/B) were as follows: Ceramic repair system (9.47 ± 1.41/14.03 ± 2.54 MPa), Clearfil repair system (14.03 ± 2.32/14.64 ± 2.28 MPa), and Porcelain repair system (14.41 ± 3.96/14.86 ± 3.10 MPa). The mean shear bond strength values for the group II (A/B) were as follows: Ceramic repair system (9.42 ± 1.44/18.61 ± 2.60 MPa), Clearfil repair system (14.44 ± 3.23/14.98 ± 2.73 MPa), and Porcelain repair system (11.86 ± 2.24/13.24 ± 2.72 MPa). Air abrasion with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles is the preferred surface treatment. Porcelain repair system showed the highest shear bond with air abrasion for ceramic substrate and for metal substrate Ceramic repair system showed the highest bond strength with air abrasion as a surface treatment. This study suggest that the three repair systems tested are adequate for intraoral chairside repair of metal-ceramic restoration when air abrasion is used for surface treatment of the substrate (Ceramic repair system, Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany; Clearfil repair system, Kurary, Japan; Porcelain repair system, 3M ESPE, Germany).
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi-Meerut Road, Ghaziabad, India.
authors.forename: Sidharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi-Meerut Road, Ghaziabad, India.
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parkash
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi-Meerut Road, Ghaziabad, India.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi-Meerut Road, Ghaziabad, India.
authors.forename: Akshaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhargava
keywords: Chair side repair of metal-ceramic restoration; Intraoral repair; Repair of metal-ceramic restoration