title: Facial reanimation after facial nerve injury using hypoglossal to facial nerve anastomosis: the gruppo otologico experience.
abstract: To evaluate the results of facial nerve reanimation after facial nerve injury by means of hypoglossal to facial nerve anastomosis. Retrospective case review. Private neuro-otologic and cranial base quaternary referral center. Sixty patients underwent hypoglossal to facial nerve anastomosis for facial nerve reanimation between April 1987 and December 2010. Only forty patients completed a minimal follow up of 24 months at the time of evaluation and were included in the study population. Facial nerve paralysis was present for a mean duration of 11.3 months (range 2-42 months) and all the patients had a HB grade VI prior their surgery. Final facial nerve motor function. The most common cause of facial paralysis was vestibular Schwannoma surgery. All the patients achieved a postoperative HB grade III or IV after a mean follow-up time of 20 months. The facial movements were detected after a period that ranged from ranged from 5 to 9 months. Only 4 patients suffered from difficulties during eating and drinking and three of them had associated lower cranial nerve deficit. Despite the various techniques in facial reanimation following total facial nerve paralysis, the end to end of hypoglossal to facial nerve anastomosis remains one of the best treatments in cases of viable distal facial stump and nonatrophic musculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Via Emmanueli, 42, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanbouzi Husseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Via Emmanueli, 42, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: David Victor
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Via Emmanueli, 42, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Donato
authors.affiliation: Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tamama
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Almutair
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Via Emmanueli, 42, 29100 Piacenza, Italy ; University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanna
keywords: Facial nerve anastomosis; Facial paralysis; Facial reanimation; Hypoglossal nerve