title: The role of parental education in the relation between ADHD symptoms and executive functions in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a population-based sample of 9-year-old children, this study examined whether the relation between symptoms of ADHD and executive functions (EFs) depended on socioeconomic status (SES; indexed by parental education).
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents and teachers rated the children's ADHD symptoms, and parents also indicated their educational level in a questionnaire. The children performed a comprehensive set of EF tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas working memory was similarly related to ADHD symptoms in the lower and higher parental education group, the relations of inhibition and mental set-shifting with ADHD symptoms were generally stronger in the higher educational group, a pattern that was supported by several significant group differences in correlations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests that the EF pathway in contemporary multiple pathway models of ADHD etiology may be particularly relevant in higher SES parts of the population.
authors.affiliation: Uppsala Child and Baby Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden Carin.Tillman@psyk.uu.se.
authors.forename: Carin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tillman
authors.affiliation: Uppsala Child and Baby Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Granvald
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D010290:Parents; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ADHD; executive function; parental education; socioeconomic status