title: Comparison of audio computer assisted self-interview and face-to-face interview methods in eliciting HIV-related risks among men who have sex with men and men who inject drugs in Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Face-to-face (FTF) interviews are the most frequently used means of obtaining information on sexual and drug injecting behaviours from men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who inject drugs (MWID). However, accurate information on these behaviours may be difficult to elicit because of sociocultural hostility towards these populations and the criminalization associated with these behaviours. Audio computer assisted self-interview (ACASI) is an interviewing technique that may mitigate social desirability bias in this context.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated differences in the reporting of HIV-related risky behaviours by MSM and MWID using ACASI and FTF interviews. Between August and September 2010, 712 MSM and 328 MWID in Nigeria were randomized to either ACASI or FTF interview for completion of a behavioural survey that included questions on sensitive sexual and injecting risk behaviours. Data were analyzed separately for MSM and MWID. Logistic regression was run for each behaviour as a dependent variable to determine differences in reporting methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSM interviewed via ACASI reported significantly higher risky behaviours with both women (multiple female sexual partners 51% vs. 43%, p = 0.04; had unprotected anal sex with women 72% vs. 57%, p = 0.05) and men (multiple male sex partners 70% vs. 54%, p≤0.001) than through FTF. Additionally, they were more likely to self-identify as homosexual (AOR: 3.3, 95%CI:2.4-4.6) and report drug use in the past 12 months (AOR:40.0, 95%CI: 9.6-166.0). MWID interviewed with ACASI were more likely to report needle sharing (AOR:3.3, 95%CI:1.2-8.9) and re-use (AOR:2.2, 95%CI:1.2-3.9) in the past month and prior HIV testing (AOR:1.6, 95%CI 1.02-2.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility of using ACASI in studies and clinics targeting key populations in Nigeria must be explored to increase the likelihood of obtaining more accurate data on high risk behaviours to inform improved risk reduction strategies that reduce HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adebajo
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Otibho
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Obianwu
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eluwa
authors.affiliation: Population Services International (PSI), Washington, DC, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lung
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ayo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oginni
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Washington, DC, United States of America.
authors.forename: Waimar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tun
authors.affiliation: Population Council, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheehy
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Babatunde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahonsi
authors.affiliation: Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adebobola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bashorun
authors.affiliation: Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Omokhudu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Idogho
authors.affiliation: United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlyn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013637:Tape Recording; D055815:Young Adult