title: Child eating behavior outcomes of an early feeding intervention to reduce risk indicators for child obesity: the NOURISH RCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to describe parent-reported child eating behavior and maternal parenting impact outcomes of an infant feeding intervention to reduce child obesity risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  An assessor masked Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with concealed allocation of individual mother-infant dyads. The NOURISH RCT enrolled 698 first-time mothers (mean age 30.1 years, SD = 5.3) with healthy term infants (51% female) aged 4.3 months (SD = 1.0) at baseline. Outcomes were assessed 6 months post-intervention when the children were 2 years old. Mothers reported on child eating behaviors using the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), food preferences, and dietary intake using a 24-hour telephone recall. Parenting was assessed using five scales validated for use in Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention effects were evident on the CEBQ overall (MANOVA P = 0.002) and 4/8 subscales: child satiety responsiveness (P = 0.03), fussiness (P = 0.01), emotional overeating (P < 0.01), and food responsiveness (P = 0.06). Intervention children "liked" more fruits (P < 0.01) and fewer non-core foods and beverages (P = 0.06, 0.03). The intervention mothers reported greater "autonomy encouragement" (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anticipatory guidance on protective feeding practices appears to have modest positive impacts on child eating behaviors that are postulated to reduce future obesity risk.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia; Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Lynne Allison
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Kimberley Margaret
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mallan
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Battistutta
authors.forename: Jan Maree
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Josephine Emma
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Meedeniya
authors.forename: Jordana Kim
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Anthea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magarey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011939:Mental Recall; D016487:Parenting; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome