title: Composite cements benefit from light-curing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of curing of composite cements and a new ceramic silanization pre-treatment on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Feldspathic ceramic blocks were luted onto dentin using either Optibond XTR/Nexus 3 (XTR/NX3; Kerr), the silane-incorporated 'universal' adhesive Scotchbond Universal/RelyX Ultimate (SBU/RXU; 3M ESPE), or ED Primer II/Panavia F2.0 (ED/PAF; Kuraray Noritake). Besides 'composite cement', experimental variables were 'curing mode' ('AA': complete auto-cure at 21°C; 'AA*': complete auto-cure at 37°C; 'LA': light-curing of adhesive and auto-cure of cement; 'LL': complete light-curing) and 'ceramic surface pre-treatment' ('HF/S/HB': hydrofluoric acid ('HF': IPS Ceramic Etching Gel, Ivoclar-Vivadent), silanization ('S': Monobond Plus, Ivoclar-Vivadent) and application of an adhesive resin ('HB': Heliobond, Ivoclar-Vivadent); 'HF/SBU': 'HF' and application of the 'universal' adhesive Scotchbond Universal ('SBU'; 3M ESPE, only for SBU/RXU)). After water storage (7 days at 37°C), ceramic-dentin sticks were subjected to μTBS testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the 'composite cement', the significantly lowest μTBSs were measured for ED/PAF. Regarding 'curing mode', the significantly highest μTBS was recorded when at least the adhesive was light-cured ('LA' and 'LL'). Complete auto-cure ('AA') revealed the significantly lowest μTBS. The higher auto-curing temperature ('AA*') increased the μTBS only for ED/PAF. Regarding 'ceramic surface pre-treatment', only for 'LA' the μTBS was significantly higher for 'HF/S/HB' than for 'HF/SBU'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete auto-cure led to inferior μTBS than when either the adhesive (on dentin) or both adhesive and composite cement were light-cured. The use of a silane-incorporated adhesive did not decrease luting effectiveness when also the composite cement was light-cured.
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: Luehrs.Anne-Katrin@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Anne-Katrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lührs
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Munck
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Geurtsen
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000179:Acrylates; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; C500742:ED Primer II; D008689:Methacrylates; C076808:Monobond S; C433206:Nexus; C092987:Optibond; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C040415:heliobond; C041330:Scotchbond; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid
keywords: Adhesive; Ceramic; Composite cement; Curing; Silane; Universal adhesive