title: Current status of sharps waste management in the lower-level health facilities in Tanzania.
abstract: Sharps waste is part of infectious medical waste, management of which is a critical problem in Tanzanian health facilities. This study aimed at assessing the current status of sharps waste management in lower level health facilities (LLHFs) in Ilala Municipality in Tanzania. In this study a sample of 135 LLHFs (103 dispensaries, 13 clinics, 11 laboratories, and 8 health centers) was involved. The average number of workers per facility was 10, with positively skewed probability density function (up to 80 workers). The average patient-to-workers ratio was 5.87. About 59% of the LLHFs improvised sharps waste containers (SWCs). Sharps waste was transported by hands in 77% of LLHFs leading to high risks of exposure to needle stick injuries. Boots, aprons and masks were among the personal protective equipment (PPE) missing in most LLHFs, while latex gloves that cannot protect workers from injuries caused by sharps waste were readily available. Most facilities stored sharps waste for about 72 hours (before treatment), which is beyond the recommended maximum storage time of 24 hours. About 39.3% of LLHFs utilized on-site single-chamber incinerators for sharps waste treatment, which are of poor design, have rusted mechanical parts, short and rusted chimneys, and without automatic flame ignition burners. It is concluded that sharps waste management in LLHFs is poor, which puts workers, the public and the environment at risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens. It is, therefore, important that the municipality should establish a waste processing center which will collect and incinerate all sharps waste.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Mining Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, PO. Box 35131, Dares Salaam, Tanzania. smanyele@udsm.ac.tz
authors.forename: Samwel V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Manyele
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Mining Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, PO. Box 35131, Dares Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Churchil M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mujuni
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013636:Tanzania
chemical_list: D017744:Medical Waste Disposal