title: Gynecologic cancer disparities: a report from the Health Disparities Taskforce of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the extent of health disparities in gynecologic cancer care and outcomes and to propose recommendations to help counteract the disparities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the electronic databases PubMed and the Cochrane Library. We included studies demonstrating quantifiable differences by race and ethnicity in the incidence, treatment, and survival of gynecologic cancers in the United States (US). Most studies relied on retrospective data. We focused on differences between Black and White women, because of the limited number of studies on non-Black women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White women have a higher incidence of ovarian cancer compared to Black women. However, the all-cause ovarian cancer mortality in Black women is 1.3 times higher than that of White women. Endometrial and cervical cancer mortality in Black women is twice that of White women. The etiology of these disparities is multifaceted. However, much of the evidence suggests that equal care leads to equal outcomes for Black women diagnosed with gynecologic cancers. Underlying molecular factors may play an additional role in aggressive tumor biology and endometrial cancer disparities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gynecologic cancer disparities exist between Black and White women. The literature is limited by the lack of large prospective trials and adequate numbers of non-Black racial and ethnic groups. We conclude with recommendations for continued research and a multifaceted approach to eliminate gynecologic cancer disparities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL 60453, USA. Electronic address: yvonneccollins@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Eloise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chapman-Davis
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Dineo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khabele
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Creighton University School of Medicine at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Farley
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Cervical; Disparities; Endometrial and ovarian cancers; Ethnic; Gynecologic cancer; Racial