title: A historical case of amelogenesis imperfecta: Giovanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1547-1578).
abstract: The skeletal remains of Giovanna of Austria (1547-1578), daughter of the Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg (1503-1564) and first wife of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Francesco I (1541-1587), exhumed from the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence, were submitted to paleopathological study. Examination of the dentition, which was in a good state of preservation, showed maxillary retrognathism, together with a caries lesion, moderate periodontal disease, malposition of the upper second premolars and tooth wear. Furthermore, several horizontal grooves were observed in both the buccal and the lingual crown surfaces of almost all teeth, especially the anterior ones. The orthopantomogram showed hypomineralized enamel and alveolar bone loss. Two third-molar teeth were investigated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, revealing highly irregular enamel caps with reduced average thickness. The observed features suggest a diagnosis of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta, a developmental condition affecting enamel formation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giuffra
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panetta
authors.forename: Piero A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fornaciari
mesh_terms: D000567:Amelogenesis Imperfecta / Q000266:history*; D001317:Austria; D005197:Famous Persons; D005260:Female; D049669:History, 16th Century; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy
keywords: Florence; Habsburg; Medici; Renaissance; enamel defects