title: NF-κB and COX-2 expression in nonmalignant endometrial lesions and cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in benign endometrial polyps (EPs), endometrial hyperplasia (EH), endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and NF-κB was performed using an Aperio Scanscope XT automated system in 218 patients with endometrioid EC and 107 patients with nonmalignant endometrial lesions: 53 with benign EPs, 37 with EH, and 17 with EIN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 and NF-κB p50 expression were significantly lower in EC compared with nonmalignant lesions. We observed significant decreased NF-κB p65 expression in EC vs EPs (P < .001) and EH (P = .014) as well as in EIN vs. EPs (P = .01). For patients with EC, COX-2 correlated positively with NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 (P < .001). Grade 3 tumors had a higher mean expression of NF-κB p65 (P = .03). NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, and COX-2 expression had no impact on survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that COX-2 and NF-κB expression are lower in EC compared with nonmalignant endometrial lesions. COX-2 and NF-κB expression have no prognostic value in EC.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecologia Oncologica, Hospital AC Camargo, Rua Antonio Prudente, 211, 01509-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil; glbaiocchi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Chaves
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Faloppa
authors.forename: Glauco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baiocchi
authors.forename: Isabela Werneck
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fregnani
authors.forename: Cynthia Aparecida Bueno Toledo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: Elza Mieko
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fukazawa
authors.forename: Lillian Yuri
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Levon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badiglian-Filho
authors.forename: Gabriel Lowndes Souza
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011127:Polyps / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Carcinogenesis; Cyclooxygenase 2; Endometrial cancer; Endometrial hyperplasia; Nuclear factor-κB; Prognostic factor