title: Effect of music therapy during vaginal delivery on postpartum pain relief and mental health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childbirth is an important experience in a woman's life, and unfavorable birth experiences have been shown to negatively impact postpartum maternal health. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of music therapy on postpartum pain, anxiety level, satisfaction and early pospartum depression rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 161 primiparous women were recruited and randomized either music group (n=80) or a control group (n=81). Women in the music group listened to self-selected music during labor. Postpartum pain intensity, anxiety level and satisfaction rate were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), postpartum depression rate was assessed with Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at postpartum day one and day eight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers in the music therapy group had a lower level of postpartum pain and anxiety than the control group and it was statistically significant at all time intervals (1, 4, 8, 16 and 24h, p<0.001). A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of satisfaction rate (p<0.001) and postpartum depression rate at postpartum day one and day eight (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We only measured the effect of music therapy on early postpartum depression rate. Effect of music on late postpartum depression rate should be investigated in future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using music therapy during labor decreased postpartum anxiety and pain, increased the satisfaction with childbirth and reduced early postpartum depression rate. Music therapy can be clinically recommended as an alternative, safe, easy and enjoyable nonpharmacological method for postpartum well-being.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey; Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: serapsimavli@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simavli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ikbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaygusuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Usluogulları
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melahat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turgut Ozal University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kafali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009147:Music Therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anxiety; Music therapy; Pospartum depression; Postpartum pain; Satisfaction