title: Robot-assisted technique for boari flap ureteral reimplantation: is robot assistance beneficial?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureteral reconstructive surgery necessitates adequate exposure of the ureteral lesion and results in large abdominal incisions. Robot assistance allows the performance of complex ureteral reconstructive surgery through small incisions. The current series includes only cases of Boari flaps performed by robot assistance and attempts to describe in detail the technique, review the literature, as well as to expand the experience in the current literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients underwent ureteral reimplantation by Boari flap technique. The indications for the performance of the procedure included ureteral stricture from iatrogenic injury in three patients, recurrent ureteral stricture after multiple endoscopic stone management procedures in one patient, ureteral stricture from previous malignant disease in the pelvis or abdomen in three patients, and ureteral stricture due to trauma in one patient. Five cases were located in the left side and three cases in the right side. A variety of parameters were recorded in a prospective database including the time for robot docking and total operative time as well as catheterization and drainage time. The follow-up of the patients included the performance of renal ultrasonography 4 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the patients was 50.8 (range 39-62) years and mean body mass index was 26.2 (range 23.22-29.29) kg/m(2). Operative time ranged 115 and 240 (mean 171.9) minutes. Mean blood loss was 161.3 (50-250) mL. Conversion to open surgery did not take place in the current series. No intraoperative complications were observed. Postoperative complications included one case of prolonged anastomotic leakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The robot-assisted approach is efficient in the performance of ureteral reimplantation with Boari flap. Low blood loss, short catheterization time, low complication rate, and excellent reconstructive outcome are associated with the approach. Robot assistance seems to be beneficial for ureteral reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany .
authors.forename: Minh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kallidonis
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liatsikos
authors.forename: Phuc
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ho Thi
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietel
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Stolzenburg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery