title: Stem cells and kidney regeneration.
abstract: Kidney disease is an escalating burden all over the world. In addition to preventing kidney injury, regenerating damaged renal tissue is as important as to retard the progression of chronic kidney disease to end stage renal disease. Although the kidney is a delicate organ and has only limited regenerative capacity compared to the other organs, an increasing understanding of renal development and renal reprogramming has kindled the prospects of regenerative options for kidney disease. Here, we will review the advances in the kidney regeneration including the manipulation of renal tubular cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages in renal disease. Several types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived cells, adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells are also applied for renal regeneration. Endogenous or lineage reprogrammed renal progenitor cells represent an attractive possibility for differentiation into multiple renal cell types. Angiogenesis can ameliorate hypoxia and renal fibrosis. Based on these studies and knowledge, we hope to innovate more reliable pharmacological or biotechnical methods for kidney regeneration medicine.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan; Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Szu-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chian-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: linsl@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shuei-Liong
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
keywords: bioengineered kidney; endothelial progenitor cell; kidney regeneration; renal progenitor cell; stem cell