title: Producing aglycons of ginsenosides in bakers' yeast.
abstract: Ginsenosides are the primary bioactive components of ginseng, which is a popular medicinal plant that exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. Protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and oleanolic acid are three basic aglycons of ginsenosides. Producing aglycons of ginsenosides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was realized in this work and provides an alternative route compared to traditional extraction methods. Synthetic pathways of these three aglycons were constructed in S. cerevisiae by introducing β-amyrin synthase, oleanolic acid synthase, dammarenediol-II synthase, protopanaxadiol synthase, protopanaxatriol synthase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from different plants. In addition, a truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, squalene synthase and 2,3-oxidosqualene synthase genes were overexpressed to increase the precursor supply for improving aglycon production. Strain GY-1 was obtained, which produced 17.2 mg/L protopanaxadiol, 15.9 mg/L protopanaxatriol and 21.4 mg/L oleanolic acid. The yeast strains engineered in this work can serve as the basis for creating an alternative way for producing ginsenosides in place of extractions from plant sources.
authors.affiliation: 1] Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [3].
authors.forename: Zhubo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: 1] Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [3] College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology [4].
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [3] College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1] Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [3] College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology.
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1] Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [3] College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1] National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences [2] School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University.
authors.forename: Xianan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1] Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Luqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 1] Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005894:Panax / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012502:Sapogenins; C081552:protopanaxatriol; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C062916:protopanaxadiol