title: Alteronol inhibits the invasion and metastasis of B16F10 and B16F1 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-metastatic effects of alteronol on melanoma B16F10 and B16F1 cells in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Melanoma B16F1 and B16F10 cells were cultured in vitro. Cell proliferation was analyzed via 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cell migration and invasion were evaluated via wound healing and transwell chamber assays. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in culture supernatants was assessed via gelatin zymography. The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The anti-metastatic ability in vivo was detected through experimental lung metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data indicate that alteronol can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of B16F1 and B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo, decrease the activity and expression of MMP-2, enhance the expression level of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and inhibit the experimental lung metastasis of B16F1 and B16F10 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although alteronol and taxol are obtained from the same source, these substances do not destroy the rare resource; the mechanisms of them on tumor growth inhibition are different. Conversely, alteronol treatment had lesser effects on normal cells revealing for a selective property and a strong competitive advantage.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences School, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Liangliang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Bacui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China. Electronic address: Sunxiling@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Xiling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences School, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China. Electronic address: zqsyt@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Qiusheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D009285:Naphthoquinones; C571346:alteronol; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: B16F1 cells; B16F10 cells; Invasion; Metastasis