title: Effects of tigerinin peptides on cytokine production by mouse peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells and by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: The tigerinins are a family of cationic, cyclic peptides of unknown biological function produced in the skins of diverse frog species. Tigerinin-1R (RVCSAIPLPICH.NH2) from Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Dicroglossidae), tigerinin-1V (RICYAMWIPYPC) from Lithobates vaillanti (Ranidae), and tigerinin-1M (WCPPMIPLCSRF.NH2) from Xenopus muelleri (Pipidae) did not inhibit growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations up to 500 μg/ml and were not hemolytic. Incubation of peritoneal macrophages from both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with tigerinin-1M, -1R and -1V (20 μg/ml) significantly (P < 0.05) increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and potentiated the stimulation produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Incubation with the tigerinins (20 μg/ml) significantly increased production of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages from C57BL/6 mice but only tigerinin-1V potentiated IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated macrophages from BALB/c mice. The tigerinins did not have significant effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 by macrophages from BALB/c mice. In a population of mononuclear cells derived from mouse spleen, tigerinin-1M and -1V suppressed production of IFN-γ with no effect on IL-17 production and the three tigerinins enhanced IL-10 production. The three tigerinins (≤ 5 μg/ml) also significantly increased production of IL-10 in unstimulated and LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The data indicate that the tigerinins may function as immunomodulatory host-defense peptides in frog skin.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pantic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mechkarska
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
authors.forename: Miodrag L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lukic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: jmconlon@uaeu.ac.ae.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Conlon
mesh_terms: D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C000593414:tigerinin-1M peptide, Xenopus muelleri; C000593416:tigerinin-1R peptide, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; C000593415:tigerinin-1V peptide, Lithobates vaillanti
keywords: Cytokine; Immunomodulatory peptide; Interleukin-10; Macrophage; Tigerinin