title: [Cost-consequence analysis of respiratory preventive intervention among institutionalized older people: randomized controlled trial].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The institutionalized elderly with functional impairment show a greater decline in respiratory muscle (RM) function. The aims of the study are to evaluate outcomes and costs of RM training using Pranayama in institutionalized elderly people with functional impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted on institutionalized elderly people with walking limitation (n=54). The intervention consisted of 6 weeks of Pranayama RM training (5 times/week). The outcomes were measured at 4 time points, and were related to RM function: the maximum respiratory pressures and the maximum voluntary ventilation. Perceived satisfaction in the experimental group (EG) was assessed by means of an ad hoc questionnaire. Direct and indirect costs were estimated from the social perspective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GE showed a significant improvement related with strength (maximum respiratory pressures) and endurance (maximum voluntary ventilation) of RM. Moreover, 92% of the EG reported a high satisfaction. The total social costs, direct and indirect, amounted to Euro 21,678.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This evaluation reveals that RM function improvement is significant, that intervention is well tolerated and appreciated by patients, and the intervention costs are moderate.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, Valencia, España; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, España. Electronic address: angeles.cebria@uv.es.
authors.forename: Maria Dels Àngels
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cebrià I Iranzo
authors.affiliation: Departament d'Economia Aplicada, Universitat de València, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: M Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Tortosa-Chuliá
authors.affiliation: Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, Valencia, España; Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Celedonia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Igual-Camacho
authors.affiliation: Departament de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament, Universitat de València, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.affiliation: Departament de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament, Universitat de València, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galiana
authors.affiliation: Departament de Metodologia de les Ciències del Comportament, Universitat de València, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tomás
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001945:Breathing Exercises / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Anciano; Análisis coste-consecuencia; Cost-consequence analysis; Fisioterapia; Función de la musculatura respiratoria; Nursing homes; Older people; Physiotherapy; Residencias; Respiratory muscle function