title: Dried umbilical cord is a potential material for retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine enterovirus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether dried umbilical cords (UCs) are useful for retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine enterovirus (EV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dried UCs in two patients with neonatal EV sepsis and 10 neonates without infectious signs were enrolled. Viral RNA was extracted from their dried UCs, and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection routes estimated by the clinical course were intrauterine infection in Case 1 and post-natal horizontal infection in Case 2. EV-RNA was detected from dried UC in Case 1, but not in Case 2 and 10 neonates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report showed the potential use of dried UCs for retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine EV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan .
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Tsubasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chikahira
authors.forename: Kazumoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iijima
mesh_terms: D058345:Asymptomatic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D003890:Desiccation; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D010547:Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Coxsackievirus; echovirus; persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; sepsis; transmission route