title: Systemic cytokine levels show limited correlation with risk of HIV-1 acquisition.
abstract: It has been hypothesized that immune activation and inflammation may increase HIV-1 susceptibility, and that cytokines may be useful biomarkers for risk. Within a prospective cohort, we conducted a nested case-control analysis of plasma cytokine levels among women who acquired HIV-1 <3 months after sampling, compared with 3 different control groups. We observed associations between lower interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 and higher IL-7 levels with HIV-1 acquisition, however, these associations were inconsistent when comparing with different control groups. Inconsistent results within our study and among previous studies suggest that reproducible findings are needed before cytokines are useful biomarkers for HIV-1 susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; †Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; ‡Department of Medicine, Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Departments of §Medicine; ‖Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; ¶Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; #Coast Provincial General Hospital, Women's Health Project, Mombasa, Kenya; **Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; ††Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and ‡‡Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Dara A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Keshet
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ronen
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Blish
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baeten
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jalalian-Lechak
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaoko
authors.forename: Kishorchandra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandaliya
authors.forename: Barbra A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overbaugh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015851:Interleukin-7; D016753:Interleukin-10