title: Antipsychotics activate mTORC1-dependent translation to enhance neuronal morphological complexity.
abstract: Although antipsychotic drugs can reduce psychotic behavior within a few hours, full efficacy is not achieved for several weeks, implying that there may be rapid, short-term changes in neuronal function, which are consolidated into long-lasting changes. We showed that the antipsychotic drug haloperidol, a dopamine receptor type 2 (D₂R) antagonist, stimulated the kinase Akt to activate the mRNA translation pathway mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In primary striatal D₂R-positive neurons, haloperidol-mediated activation of mTORC1 resulted in increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP). Proteomic mass spectrometry revealed marked changes in the pattern of protein synthesis after acute exposure of cultured striatal neurons to haloperidol, including increased abundance of cytoskeletal proteins and proteins associated with translation machinery. These proteomic changes coincided with increased morphological complexity of neurons that was diminished by inhibition of downstream effectors of mTORC1, suggesting that mTORC1-dependent translation enhances neuronal complexity in response to haloperidol. In vivo, we observed rapid morphological changes with a concomitant increase in the abundance of cytoskeletal proteins in cortical neurons of haloperidol-injected mice. These results suggest a mechanism for both the acute and long-term actions of antipsychotics.
authors.affiliation: 1Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bowling
authors.forename: Guoan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cuesta
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deinhardt
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hoeffer
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: Wen-biao
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klann
authors.forename: Moses V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D006220:Haloperidol