title: Phylogeographic characteristics of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey viruses circulating in Mexico from 2005 to 2011 and their relationship to epidemics in the United States.
abstract: We analyzed the phylogenetic and time-space relationships (phylodynamics) of 181 isolates of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) causing disease in Mexico and the United States (US) from 2005 through 2012. We detail the emergence of a genetic lineage in southern Mexico causing outbreaks in central Mexico spreading into northern Mexico and eventually into the US. That emerging lineage showed higher nucleotide sequence identity (99.5%) than that observed for multiple lineages circulating concurrently in southern Mexico (96.8%). Additionally, we identified 58 isolates from Mexico that, unlike previous isolates from Mexico, grouped with northern Central America clade II viruses. This study provides the first direct evidence for the emergence and northward migration of a specific VSNJV genetic lineage from endemic areas in Mexico causing VS outbreaks in the US. In addition we document the emergence of a Central American VSNJV genetic lineage moving northward and causing outbreaks in central Mexico.
authors.affiliation: Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), USA.
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Velazquez-Salinas
authors.affiliation: Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pauszek
authors.affiliation: Autonomous University of Mexico, Department of Genomic Sciences, Mexico.
authors.forename: Selene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zarate
authors.affiliation: National Autonomous University of Mexico, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Basurto-Alcantara
authors.affiliation: National Autonomous University of Mexico, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Mexico.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verdugo-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: Andres M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA. Electronic address: luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Luis L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D058872:Epidemics; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D054243:Vesicular Stomatitis / Q000821:virology*; D054260:Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: Epidemiology; Mexico; Outbreak; Phylodynamics; Phylogeny; Spatial clustering; United States; Vesicular stomatitis virus