title: Prevalence and nature of early glaucomatous defects in the central 10° of the visual field.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The macula is essential for visual functioning and is known to be affected even in early glaucoma. However, little is currently understood about the prevalence and nature of central vision loss in early glaucoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and characteristics of visual field (VF) defects in the central 10° in glaucoma suspects and patients with mild glaucoma using a prospective design.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at an outpatient glaucoma specialty clinic. One hundred eyes from 74 patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and a 24-2 VF with mean deviation better than -6 dB were prospectively studied and tested with a 10-2 test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliable: VF hemifields were classified as abnormal based on a cluster criterion, and abnormal 10-2 VFs were categorized based on the pattern of abnormal points: arcuatelike, widespread, or other. In addition, at each point of the 10-2 VF, the total deviation values were averaged across eyes and the number of abnormal points with total deviation values below a specific criterion level were calculated. RESULTS There appeared to be as many abnormal 10-2 hemifields (53%) as abnormal 24-2 hemifields (59%). Of the eyes with normal 24-2 hemifields, 16% were classified as abnormal when the 10-2 test was used. Of the abnormal 10-2 hemifields, 68%, 8%, and 25% were arcuatelike, widespread, and other, respectively. The average total deviation values and number of abnormal points plots revealed superior VF defects that were deeper and closer to fixation than those in the inferior VF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 10-2 VF was abnormal in nearly as many hemifields as was the 24-2 VF, including some with normal 24-2 VF, suggesting that the 24-2 test is not optimal for detecting early damage of the macula. The pattern of the defects was in agreement with a recent model of macular damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York2Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Traynis
authors.affiliation: Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York5Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Carlos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: De Moraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York5Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liebmann
authors.affiliation: Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York6Department of Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ritch
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York3Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields