title: Investigations of the functional states of dendritic cells under different conditioned microenvironments by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendritic cells are potent and specialized antigen presenting cells, which play a crucial role in initiating and amplifying both the innate and adaptive immune responses. The dendritic cell-based vaccination against cancer has been clinically achieved promising successes. But there are still many challenges in its clinical application, especially for how to identify the functional states.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CD14+ monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood after plastic adherence and purified to approximately 98% with cocktail immunomagnetic beads. The immature dendritic cells and mature dendritic cells were induced by traditional protocols. The resulting dendritic cells were cocultured with normal cells and cancer cells. The functional state of dendritic cells including immature dendritic cells (imDCs) and mature dendritic cells (mDCs) under different conditioned microenvironments were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and molecular biological methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy showed that the gene transcription activity and energy states of dendritic cells were specifically suppressed by tumor cells (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The expression levels of NF-kappa B (NF-κB) in dendritic cells were also specifically inhibited by tumor-derived factors (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Moreover, the ratios of absorption intensities of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy at given wave numbers were closely correlated with the expression levels of NF-κB (R2:0.69 and R2:0.81, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirmed that the ratios of absorption intensities of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy at given wave numbers were positively correlated with the expression levels of NF-κB, suggesting that Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy technology could be clinically applied to identify the functional states of dendritic cell when performing dendritic cell-based vaccination. It's significant for the simplification and standardization of dendritic cell-based vaccination clinical preparation protocols.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chunlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zongyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weijuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550004, People's Republic of China. Zengzhu100@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D016014:Linear Models; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C497593:RELB protein, human; D051841:Transcription Factor RelB