title: Expression of angiogenic factors is increased in metastasised renal cell carcinomas.
abstract: Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) have aberrant signalling pathways which affect vascular endothelial growth factor and are related to increased tumour angiogenesis. Little is known about other angiogenesis-associated genes in primary tumours and metastases. Quantitative PCR of 45 angiogenesis-associated gene transcripts was performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from primary ccRCC (n = 18) and their metastases (n = 17; in 8/17 cases the corresponding primary tumour could be analysed). In metastases, a significant increase was found in the expression of 15 pro-angiogenic (such as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1) and also anti-angiogenic (such as TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2) factors. Comparison of a primary with its metastasis performed on eight cases showed that even without preceding anti-angiogenic therapy in metastases expression of angiogenic factors is increased. In ccRCC, the effects of anti-angiogenic factors are superimposed by pro-angiogenic factors. Increased expression of angiogenic factors in metastases might be related to development of resistance after anti-angiogenic therapy but might also be an inherent biological characteristic.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland, Germany, Abbas.Mahmoud@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stucki-Koch
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rickmann
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grünwald
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jonigk
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kreipe
authors.forename: Kais
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hussein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins