title: Evaluating UV/H₂O₂, UV/percarbonate, and UV/perborate for natural organic matter reduction from alternative water sources.
abstract: Natural organic matter (NOM) continues to increase in drinking water sources due to many factors, including changes in land use and global climate. Water treatment facilities will need to evaluate the best treatment options to account for these higher NOM levels. The UV/H₂O₂ advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one treatment option that has shown success at reducing high levels of NOM. As a result, this study evaluated the UV/H₂O₂ for the reduction of NOM in a high NOM water matrix, the Florida Everglades. In addition to liquid H₂O₂, sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate were used as oxidants to evaluate their performance as alternatives to liquid H₂O₂. Results showed that all three oxidants were able to reduce aromatic carbon (UV₂₅₄) by 46-66% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 11-19% at UV fluences of 2.6-2.7 J cm(-2) and an H₂O₂ dose of 100 mg L(-1). When the UV fluences were increased to 21.8-26.1 J cm(-2) at an H₂O₂ dose of 100 mg L(-1), UV₂₅₄ reduction increased to 79-97% and DOC to 42-82% for all three oxidants. All three oxidants performed statistically similar for UV₂₅₄ reduction. However, for DOC reduction, H₂O₂ performed statically better than both percarbonate and perborate, and perborate performed statistically better than percarbonate. While the UV/H₂O₂ AOP is effective for NOM reduction in high NOM waters, advances in electrical efficiency are needed to make it economically feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
authors.forename: Hugo R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sindelar
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA. Electronic address: thboyer@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Treavor H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Boyer
mesh_terms: D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D005431:Florida; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D002254:Carbonates; D016877:Oxidants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D002244:Carbon; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C027707:sodium perborate; C034738:sodium percarbonate
keywords: Advanced oxidation process; Hydrogen peroxide; Natural organic matter; Sodium perborate; Sodium percarbonate; UV