title: Comprehensive evaluation of the anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic effects of Endostar on liver cancer through optical molecular imaging.
abstract: Molecular imaging enables non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth, progression, and drug treatment response, and it has become an important tool to promote biological studies in recent years. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the in vivo anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic effects of Endostar on liver cancer based on the optical molecular imaging systems including micro-computer tomography (Micro-CT), bioluminescence molecular imaging (BLI) and fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). Firefly luciferase (fLuc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) dual labeled human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC-LM3-fLuc-GFP cells) were used to establish the subcutaneous and orthotopic liver tumor model. After the tumor cells were implanted 14∼18 days, Endostar (5 mg/kg/day) was administered through an intravenous tail vein injection for continuous 14 days. The computer tomography angiography (CTA) and BLI were carried out for the subcutaneous tumor model. FMT was executed for the orthotopic tumor model. The CTA data showed that tumor vessel formation and the peritumoral vasculature of subcutaneous tumor in the Endostar treatment group was significantly inhibited compared to the control group. The BLI data exhibited the obvious tumor inhibition day 8 post-treatment. The FMT detected the tumor suppression effects of Endostar as early as day 4 post-treatment and measured the tumor location. The above data confirmed the effects of Endostar on anti-angiogenesis and tumor suppression on liver cancer. Our system combined CTA, BLI, and FMT to offer more comprehensive information about the effects of Endostar on the suppression of vessel and tumor formation. Optical molecular imaging system enabled the non-invasive and reliable assessment of anti-tumor drug efficacy on liver cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China ; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhenwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chongwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China ; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D043169:Endostatins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D043169:Endostatins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C522911:endostar protein