title: Spatio-temporal trends and risk factors for Shigella from 2001 to 2011 in Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe the spatial and temporal trends of Shigella incidence rates in Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. It also intended to explore complex risk modes facilitating Shigella transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  County-level incidence rates were obtained for analysis using geographic information system (GIS) tools. Trend surface and incidence maps were established to describe geographic distributions. Spatio-temporal cluster analysis and autocorrelation analysis were used for detecting clusters. Based on the number of monthly Shigella cases, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model successfully established a time series model. A spatial correlation analysis and a case-control study were conducted to identify risk factors contributing to Shigella transmissions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The far southwestern and northwestern areas of Jiangsu were the most infected. A cluster was detected in southwestern Jiangsu (LLR = 11674.74, P<0.001). The time series model was established as ARIMA (1, 12, 0), which predicted well for cases from August to December, 2011. Highways and water sources potentially caused spatial variation in Shigella development in Jiangsu. The case-control study confirmed not washing hands before dinner (OR = 3.64) and not having access to a safe water source (OR = 2.04) as the main causes of Shigella in Jiangsu Province.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of sanitation and hygiene should be strengthened in economically developed counties, while access to a safe water supply in impoverished areas should be increased at the same time.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Fenyang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yuejia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jianli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wendong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jessie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhihang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Rongbin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013997:Time Factors