title: Bioactive peptides derived from human milk proteins--mechanisms of action.
abstract: Human milk contains a multitude of bioactive proteins with very diverse functions, which are beneficial for the rapidly growing neonate. The large variety of bioactivities is accomplished by the combination of bioactive proteins per se and gastrointestinal release of bioactive peptides derived from them. The bioactivities exerted by these peptides include enhancement of mineral absorption, immunomodulation, opioid, antihypertensive and antimicrobial activities. Notably, several of the activities are not attributed to the parental proteins, but exclusively to released bioactive peptides. This article reviews studies on bioactive peptides derived from major human milk proteins, such as caseins, α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin, during gastrointestinal digestion. Studies of bovine milk counterparts are also cited as a comparison.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: bllonnerdal@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnerdal
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D002364:Caseins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D010748:Phosphopeptides; C065989:caseinomacropeptide; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: Bioactive peptide; Casein; Gastrointestinal digestion; Human milk; Lactoferrin; α-Lactalbumin