title: Recombination strategies and evolutionary dynamics of the Human enterovirus A global gene pool.
abstract: We analysed natural recombination in 79 Human enterovirus A strains representing 13 serotypes by sequencing of VP1, 2C and 3D genome regions. The half-life of a non-recombinant tree node in coxsackieviruses 2, 4 and 10 was only 3.5 years, and never more than 9 years. All coxsackieviruses that differed by more than 7 % of the nucleotide sequence in any genome region were recombinants relative to each other. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), on the contrary, displayed remarkable genetic stability. Three major EV71 clades were stable for 19-29 years, with a half-life of non-recombinant viruses between 13 and 18.5 years in different clades. Only five EV71 strains out of over 150 recently acquired non-structural genome regions from coxsackieviruses, while none of 80 contemporary coxsackieviruses had non-structural genes transferred from the three EV71 clades. In contrast to earlier observations, recombination between VP1 and 2C genome regions was not more frequent than between 2C and 3D regions.
authors.affiliation: Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lukashev
authors.affiliation: Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena Yu
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Shumilina
authors.affiliation: Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ilya S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Belalov
authors.affiliation: Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatiana P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Eremeeva
authors.affiliation: Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Khabarovsk Region, Khabarovsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Vadim I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Reznik
authors.affiliation: Khabarovsk Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Khabarovsk, Russia.
authors.forename: O E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Trotsenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan Felix
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drosten
mesh_terms: D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005788:Gene Pool; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins