title: Fish intake and venous thromboembolism: a Danish follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the association between fish intake and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is sparse and inconsistent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether intake of total, lean or fatty fish is associated with development of incident VTE.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is based on the Danish follow-up study Diet, Cancer and Health including 27,178 men and 29,876 women aged 50-64 with no history of cancer. Participants were included between 1993 and 1997 and followed through 2006. Information on fish intake and potential confounders was obtained from baseline questionnaires. The outcome was incident VTE (all) and idiopathic VTE. We used Cox proportional hazard models with age as time axis. Separate analyses were performed for men and women. Adjustment was made for BMI, smoking, physical activity, energy intake and women's use of hormone replacement therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 641 incident VTE events were verified. We found no association between total fish intake and VTE, but moderate intake of fatty fish was associated with a statistically non-significant 20-40% lower risk of idiopathic VTE compared with consumption of a low intake (less than 8g) of fatty fish per day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intake of neither total nor fatty fish was statistically significantly associated with the incidence rate of VTE. However, intake of fatty fish may be associated with a reduction of the risk of idiopathic VTE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marianne Tang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Severinsen
authors.affiliation: Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Vibeke Ladefoged
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik Berg
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. Electronic address: srk@rn.dk.
authors.forename: Søren Risom
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: fatty fish; follow-up study; lean fish; venous thromboembolism (VTE)