title: Glucocorticoids and bone: local effects and systemic implications.
abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are highly effective in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions but their therapeutic use is limited by numerous adverse effects. Recent insights into the mechanisms of action of both endogenous and exogenous GCs on bone cells have unlocked new approaches to the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis. Furthermore, topical studies in rodents indicate that the osteoblast-derived peptide, osteocalcin, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of GC-induced diabetes and obesity. These exciting findings mechanistically link the detrimental effects of GCs on bone and energy metabolism. In this article we review the physiology and pathophysiology of GC action on bone cells, and discuss current and emerging concepts regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse effects of GCs such as osteoporosis and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Bone Research Program, The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Henneicke
authors.affiliation: Bone Research Program, The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sylvia J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.affiliation: Bone Research Program, The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Tara C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Brennan-Speranza
authors.affiliation: Bone Research Program, The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Bone Research Program, The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: Markus.Seibel@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seibel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: bone; diabetes; glucocorticoids; osteoporosis; pathophysiology; physiology