title: The relationship between patient safety culture and adverse events: a questionnaire survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient safety culture is an important factor in the effort to reduce adverse events in the hospital and improve patient safety. A few studies have shown the relationship between patient safety culture and adverse events, yet no such research has been reported in China.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe nurses' perception of patient safety culture and frequencies of adverse events, and examine the relationship between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a descriptive, correlated study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 28 inpatient units and emergency departments in 7 level-3 general hospitals from 5 districts in Guangzhou, China, and we surveyed 463 nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used to measure nurses' perception of patient safety culture, and the frequencies of adverse events which happened frequently in hospital were estimated by nurses. We used multiple logistic regression models to examine the relationship between patient safety culture scores and estimated frequencies of each type of adverse event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Positive Response Rates of 12 dimensions of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture varied from 23.6% to 89.7%. There were 47.8-75.6% nurses who estimated that these adverse events had happened in the past year. After controlling for all nurse related factors, a higher mean score of "Organizational Learning-Continuous Improvement" was significantly related to lower the occurrence of pressure ulcers (OR=0.249), prolonged physical restraint (OR=0.406), and complaints (OR=0.369); a higher mean score of "Frequency of Event Reporting" was significantly related to lower the occurrence of medicine errors (OR=0.699) and pressure ulcers (OR=0.639).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirmed the hypothesis that an improvement in patient safety culture was related to a decrease in the occurrence of adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Electronic address: liuke@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
authors.forename: Li-ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
authors.forename: Jia-gen
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Soochow University, China.
authors.forename: Hua-gang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
authors.forename: Li-feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Jinan University, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015279:Organizational Culture; D061214:Patient Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adverse events; Chinese hospital; Nursing; Patient safety; Patient safety culture