title: Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in general Chinese adults: results from the 2007-08 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  China is undergoing a rapid transition to an urbanized and Western diet pattern, which worsens the public health burden of metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CKD among adults with MS and to evaluate the association between MS and CKD in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were obtained from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study conducted from June 2007 to May 2008. A total of 15,987 individuals aged 20 y or older were included as study participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-standardized prevalence of CKD, which was defined as a glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), in participants with and without MS was 4.64% and 3.30%, respectively. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of CKD associated with MS was 1.495 (95% CI: 1.190-1.879). Elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol had statistically significant increased odds ratios of 1.218, 1.256, 1.325 and 1.797 for CKD, respectively, while elevated waist circumference was not significantly associated with an increased odds ratio of CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests an increasing prevalence of CKD among Chinese adults with MS and a strong association between CKD and MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Shaoyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Center Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address: ywy_1010@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address: jqiuhe@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qiuhe
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chinese adults; Chronic kidney disease; Epidemiology and outcomes; Metabolic syndrome