title: Estimating acute viral hepatitis infections from nationally reported cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because only a fraction of patients with acute viral hepatitis A, B, and C are reported through national surveillance to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we estimated the true numbers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied a simple probabilistic model to estimate the fraction of patients with acute hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C who would have been symptomatic, would have sought health care tests, and would have been reported to health officials in 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For hepatitis A, the frequencies of symptoms (85%), care seeking (88%), and reporting (69%) yielded an estimate of 2730 infections (2.0 infections per reported case). For hepatitis B, the frequencies of symptoms (39%), care seeking (88%), and reporting (45%) indicated 18 730 infections (6.5 infections per reported case). For hepatitis C, the frequency of symptoms among injection drug users (13%) and those infected otherwise (48%), proportion seeking care (88%), and percentage reported (53%) indicated 17 100 infections (12.3 infections per reported case).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These adjustment factors will allow state and local health authorities to estimate acute hepatitis infections locally and plan prevention activities accordingly.
authors.affiliation: At the time of the study, all authors were with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STDs and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: R Monina
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Klevens
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Ruth B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jiles
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Holmberg
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology