title: Heptanol application to the mouse round window: a model for studying cochlear lateral wall regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identify cells supporting cochlear lateral wall regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory. Human presbyacusis occurs, in part, secondary to age-related degeneration of cochlear lateral wall structures such as the stria vascularis and spiral ligament fibrocytes. This degeneration is likely linked to the diminished regenerative capacity of lateral wall cells with age. While lateral wall regeneration is known to occur after an acute insult, this process remains poorly understood and the cells capable of self-replication unidentified. We hypothesized that spiral ligament fibrocytes constitute these proliferative cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the hypothesis, an acute ototoxic insult was created in 65 normal-hearing, young adult mice via cochlear exposure to heptanol. Sacrifice occurred at 1 to 60 days posttreatment. Auditory brainstem responses, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, and immunostaining were used to assess regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posttreatment hearing thresholds were elevated in nearly all treated mice. Selective fibrocyte apoptosis and strial injury were observed at the time of peak hearing loss around 1 to 7 days posttreatment. Cellular proliferation was detected in the region of type II fibrocytes during this time. Hearing thresholds plateaued at 7 days posttreatment followed by a significant recovery of both hearing and morphologic appearance. Permanent outer hair cell degeneration was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heptanol application to the round window of young adult mice is a rapid, selective, and reliable technique for investigating proliferation in the cochlear lateral wall. The data indirectly showed that spiral ligament fibrocytes may be the proliferative cells of the cochlear lateral wall. Further studies of this process are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Shawn M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Yazhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.forename: Juhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Judy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dubno
authors.forename: Hainan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D003051:Cochlea / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D019850:Heptanol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D011304:Presbycusis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019850:Heptanol
keywords: EdU; cochlea; heptanol; presbyacusis; spiral ligament fibrocytes