title: Rapid detection of dendritic cell and monocyte disorders using CD4 as a lineage marker of the human peripheral blood antigen-presenting cell compartment.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes are critical regulators and effectors of innate and adaptive immune responses. Monocyte expansion has been described in many pathological states while monocyte and DC deficiency syndromes are relatively recent additions to the catalog of human primary immunodeficiency disorders. Clinically applicable screening tests to diagnose and monitor these conditions are lacking. Conventional strategies for identifying human DCs and monocytes have been based on the use of a lineage gate to exclude lymphocytes, thus preventing simultaneous detection of DCs, monocytes, and lymphocyte subsets. Here we demonstrate that CD4 is a reliable lineage marker for the human peripheral blood antigen-presenting cell compartment that can be used to identify DCs and monocytes in parallel with lymphocytes. Based on this principle, simple modification of a standard lymphocyte phenotyping assay permits simultaneous enumeration of four lymphocyte and five DC/monocyte populations from a single sample. This approach is applicable to clinical samples and facilitates the diagnosis of DC and monocyte disorders in a wide range of clinical settings, including genetic deficiency, neoplasia, and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barge
authors.affiliation: Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ames-Draycott
authors.affiliation: Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pagan
authors.affiliation: Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cookson
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spickett
authors.affiliation: Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Muzlifah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haniffa
authors.affiliation: Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.affiliation: Human Dendritic Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
authors.forename: Venetia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bigley
keywords: dendritic cells; flow cytometry; humans; immunodeficiency; monocytes