title: Assessment of commercially available polymeric materials for sorptive microextraction of priority and emerging nonpolar organic pollutants in environmental water samples.
abstract: Among the different organic pollutants, persistent organic pollutants and emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) are of particular concern due to their potentially dangerous effects on the ecosystems and on human health. In the framework of the analysis of some of these organic pollutants in water samples, sorptive extraction devices have proven to be adequate for their monitoring. The efficiency of four commercially available and low-cost polymeric materials [polypropylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), Raffia, and polyethersulfone (PES)] for the simultaneous extraction of 16 organic compounds from five different families from environmental water samples was evaluated in this work. Firstly, the homogeneity of the sorbent materials was confirmed by means of Raman spectroscopy. After the optimization of the parameters affecting the extraction and the liquid desorption steps, it was found that PES showed the largest efficiencies for slightly polar analytes and, to a lesser extent, for nonpolar analytes. Additionally, Raffia rendered good extraction efficiencies for nonpolar compounds. Thus sorptive extraction methods followed by large volume injection-programmable temperature vaporizer-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were validated using PES and Raffia as sorbent materials. The validation of the method provided good linearity (0.978 < r (2) < 0.999 for PES and 0.977 < r (2) < 0.999 for Raffia), adequate repeatability (below 19 % and 14 % for PES and Raffia, respectively), and low method detection limits (low ng · l(-1) level). Finally, these materials were applied to the analysis of contaminants in environmental water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blanco-Zubiaguirre
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Oihana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Posada-Ureta
authors.forename: Asier
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: Ailette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: Maitane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Etxebarria
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004777:Environment; D063366:Estuaries; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011108:Polymers; D011126:Polypropylenes; D013450:Sulfones; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C022840:polyether sulfone