title: Richardson-Lucy deconvolution as a general tool for combining images with complementary strengths.
abstract: We use Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution to combine multiple images of a simulated object into a single image in the context of modern fluorescence microscopy techniques. RL deconvolution can merge images with very different point-spread functions, such as in multiview light-sheet microscopes,1, 2 while preserving the best resolution information present in each image. We show that RL deconvolution is also easily applied to merge high-resolution, high-noise images with low-resolution, low-noise images, relevant when complementing conventional microscopy with localization microscopy. We also use RL deconvolution to merge images produced by different simulated illumination patterns, relevant to structured illumination microscopy (SIM)3, 4 and image scanning microscopy (ISM). The quality of our ISM reconstructions is at least as good as reconstructions using standard inversion algorithms for ISM data, but our method follows a simpler recipe that requires no mathematical insight. Finally, we apply RL deconvolution to merge a series of ten images with varying signal and resolution levels. This combination is relevant to gated stimulated-emission depletion (STED) microscopy, and shows that merges of high-quality images are possible even in cases for which a non-iterative inversion algorithm is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA), Fax: (+01) 301-496-6608.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ingaramo
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: Eelco
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoogendoorn
authors.forename: Marten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shroff
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Richardson-Lucy; Toeplitz matrix; deconvolution; fluorescence microscopy; superresolution