title: Malar mounds and festoons: review of current management.
abstract: Blepharoplasty, the most common aesthetic eyelid procedure, sometimes involves a challenging patient subgroup: those who present with malar edema, malar bags, and festoons. In this review article, the authors describe the relevant anatomy in festoon development, discuss the pathophysiological basis of this condition spectrum, outline clinical examination basics, summarize various surgical approaches for treatment and propose an algorithm for their application, and describe the most common postsurgical complications.
authors.affiliation: Dr Kpodzo is the former ASAPS Scholar at Paces Plastic Surgery, Atlanta, Georgia, and Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Dzifa S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kpodzo
authors.forename: Foad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nahai
authors.forename: Clinton D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: McCord
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000465:Algorithms; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D002610:Cheek / Q000601:surgery*; D004487:Edema / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy; D008487:Medical History Taking; D018579:Patient Selection; D010808:Physical Examination; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013524:Surgical Flaps
keywords: blepharoplasty; facelift; festoons; malar edema; malar mounds; oculoplastics; periorbital rejuvenation