title: Breast Cancer Biomarkers: Utility in Clinical Practice.
abstract: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. For the past decades, new technical tools have been developed for biomarkers at the DNA, RNA and protein levels to better understand the biology of breast cancer. This progress is essential to classify the disease into clinically relevant subtypes, which may lead to new therapeutic opportunities. Novel biomarker development is paramount to deliver personalized cancer therapies. Further, tumor evolution, being natural or under treatment pressure, should be monitored and "liquid biopsies" by detecting circulating tumor cells or circulating free tumor DNA in blood samples will become an important option. This paper reviews the new generation of biomarkers and the current evidence to demonstrate their analytical validity, clinical validity and clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Medical Oncology, Eugène Marquis Cancer Center, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Naoto T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Angulo
keywords: Biomarkers; Breast cancer; Clinical utility; Prediction; Prognosis