title: Development, validation and accreditation of a method for the determination of Pb, Cd, Cu and As in seafood and fish feed samples.
abstract: A rapid, sensitive, accurate and precise method for the determination of Pb, Cd, As and Cu in seafood and fish feed samples by Simultaneous Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was developed in regard to Council Directive 333/2007EC and ISO/IEC 17025 (2005). Different approaches were investigated in order to shorten the analysis time, always taking into account the sensitivity. For method validation, precision (repeatability and reproducibility) and accuracy by addition recovery tests have been assessed as performance criteria. The expanded uncertainties based on the Eurachem/Citac Guidelines were calculated. The method was accredited by the Hellenic Accreditation System and it was applied for an 8 years study in seafood (n=202) and fish feeds (n=275) from the Greek market. The annual and seasonal variation of the elemental content and correlation among the elemental content in fish feeds and the respective fish samples were also accomplished.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Psoma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Pasias
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Rousis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Barkonikos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: ntho@chem.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Thomaidis
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: Eight-year study; Fish feed; Heavy metals and metalloids; Seafood; Seasonal variation; Uncertainty calculation