title: Assessment of carotid calcifications on panoramic radiographs in relation to other used methods and relationship to periodontitis and stroke: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the literature on carotid calcifications defined from panoramic radiographs (PMX) and concurrent diagnosis of stroke and periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search screening for publications using search terms such as PMX and carotid calcification, stroke and periodontitis was performed in November 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 189 articles were retrieved, among which 30 were included in the review. The sensitivity for PMX findings of carotid calcifications (CC) compared to a diagnosis by Doppler sonography varied between 31.1-100%. The specificity for PMX findings of carotid calcifications compared to a diagnosis by Doppler sonography varied between 21.4-87.5%. Individuals with CC findings from PMX have more periodontitis and risk for stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a shortage of well-designed studies in older dentate individuals assessing the associations between periodontitis and radiographic evidence of CC and in relation to stroke or other cardiovascular diseases. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carotid calcifications are prevalent in patients with periodontitis and such individuals may have an increased risk for stroke. The absence of signs of carotid calcification on panoramic radiographs is indicative of no calcification of carotid arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad , Sweden.
authors.forename: Viveca Wallin
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: G Rutger
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renvert
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
keywords: carotid calcification; panoramic radiograph; periodontitis; review