title: Algae in mosquito breeding sites and the effectiveness of the mosquito larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis H-14.
abstract: The presence of cyanobacteria generally decreased the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 (BTI) as a mosquito larvicide. The effect was more pronounced when the mosquito larvae were exposed to BTI in the presence of several cyanobacterial strains. No synergistic or antagonistic effect between the δ-endotoxin from BTI and the hepatotoxin from cyanobacteria was seen. Neurotoxic cyanobacterial strains caused very fast paralysis in mosquito larvae; the decreases in the effectiveness of BTI when tested in combination with a neurotoxic strain might be due to the effect of this paralytic action on the feeding rate of the mosquito larvae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, SF-00710, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Hameed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sivonen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carlberg