title: Neonatal morbidity occurs despite pulmonary maturity prior to 39 weeks gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare outcomes among late-preterm or early-term neonates according to fetal lung maturity (FLM) status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 234 eligible singletons delivered after FLM testing before 39 weeks gestation at our center over a 2-year time period. A primary composite neonatal outcome included death and major morbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rate of primary composite morbidity was 25/46 (52.2%) and 61/188 (32.4%) in the immature/transitional and mature groups, respectively. After adjustment for confounders including gestational age, the composite outcome was not significantly different; adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.4 (confidence interval (CI)=0.7-3.0). The rate of respiratory distress syndrome was significantly higher in the immature/transitional group; odds ratio=3.4 (CI=1.1-10.3) as expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLM status did not correlate with the spectrum of neonatal morbidities in late-preterm and early-term births. Neonatal complications remained common in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vanderhoeven
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mayock
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gammill
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005325:Fetal Organ Maturity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D008297:Male; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047929:Term Birth