title: Inhibition of SRC family kinases protects hippocampal neurons and improves cognitive function after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage. Thrombin is a neurotoxin generated at bleeding sites fater TBI and can lead to cell death and subsequent cognitive dysfunction via activation of Src family kinases (SFKs). We hypothesize that inhibiting SFKs can protect hippocampal neurons and improve cognitive memory function after TBI. To test these hypotheses, we show that moderate lateral fluid percussion (LFP) TBI in adult rats produces bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in both lateral ventricles, which elevates oxyhemoglobin and thrombin levels in the CSF, activates the SFK family member Fyn, and increases Rho-kinase 1(ROCK1) expression. Systemic administration of the SFK inhibitor, PP2, immediately after moderate TBI blocks ROCK1 expression, protects hippocampal CA2/3 neurons, and improves spatial memory function. These data suggest the possibility that inhibiting SFKs after TBI might improve clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California , Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, California.
authors.forename: Da Zhi
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Ken C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Van
authors.forename: Bradley P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Ander
authors.forename: Rahil
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghiasvand
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Boryana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stamova
authors.forename: Glen C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jickling
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Lyeth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019061:src-Family Kinases
keywords: Src family kinases (SFKs); cognitive memory deficits; hemorrhage; thrombin; traumatic brain injury (TBI)