title: Essential oils and herbal extracts as antimicrobial agents in cosmetic emulsion.
abstract: The cosmetic industry adapts to the needs of consumers seeking to limit the use of preservatives and develop of preservative-free or self-preserving cosmetics, where preservatives are replaced by raw materials of plant origin. The aim of study was a comparison of the antimicrobial activity of extracts (Matricaria chamomilla, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis) and essential oils (Lavandulla officinallis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum) with methylparaben. Extracts (2.5 %), essential oils (2.5 %) and methylparaben (0.4 %) were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Candida albicans ATCC 14053. Essentials oils showed higher inhibitory activity against tested microorganism strain than extracts and methylparaben. Depending on tested microorganism strain, all tested extracts and essential oils show antimicrobial activity 0.8-1.7 and 1-3.5 times stronger than methylparaben, respectively. This shows that tested extracts and essential oils could replace use of methylparaben, at the same time giving a guarantee of microbiological purity of the cosmetic under its use and storage.
authors.affiliation: Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care, Podwale 13 Street, 00-252 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej Przemysław
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care, Podwale 13 Street, 00-252 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata Wanda
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Domagalska
authors.affiliation: Departament of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Młynarczyk
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Essential oils; Herbal extracts; Methylparaben