title: Dietary inclusion of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) straw dye protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sorghum straw (dried leaves and stem fiber) extracts and infusion are employed in the management of several ailments in folklore, and it is also a natural dye source used in food preparation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to investigate the modulatory effect of dietary inclusion of Sorghum straw dye on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and antioxidant status in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. Groups I (normal rats) and II (control rats) were fed with basal diet while Groups III and IV were fed with diets containing 0.5% and 1% sorghum straw dye, respectively. Nephrotoxicity was induced in Groups I-IV on the 20th day by the administration of a single dose of cisplatin solution (7 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) and the experiment was terminated 3 d after. Thereafter, the kidney and plasma of the rats were analyzed for kidney function (creatinine, urea, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen) and antioxidant indices [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average feed intake of the rats in all the groups ranged from 9.0 to 9.5 (g/rat/day). Furthermore, the result indicated that administration of cisplatin caused significant (p < 0.05) elevation in plasma creatinine (2.2 mg/dL), uric acid (39.3 mg/dL), urea (81.4 mg/dL), and blood urea nitrogen (38.0 mg/dL) as well as a concomitant decrease in kidney antioxidant indices in control rats as against the normal rats. However, diets supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0% sorghum straw dye significantly reversed the plasma creatinine and the kidney antioxidant indices to near normal levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that dietary inclusion of sorghum straw dye as colorants could protect against oxidative stress and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology , Akure , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adedayo O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ademiluyi
authors.forename: Ganiyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oboh
authors.forename: Oluwaseun J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Agbebi
authors.forename: Sunday I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Oyeleye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018547:Plant Stems; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D045868:Sorghum
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D020011:Protective Agents; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Anthocyanin; antioxidants; cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); red dye