title: Supplementation transgenic cow's milk containing recombinant human lactoferrin enhances systematic and intestinal immune responses in piglets.
abstract: Lactoferrin (LF) plays an important role in the body's immune system. However, the immunomodulatory effects of supplementation transgenic cow's milk containing recombinant human LF (rhLF) on the systemic and intestinal immune systems in infants remain unclear. Our laboratory has used genetic engineer to produce transgenic cow secreted rhLF. To assess the immune responses we took piglets as an animal model for infants. Eighteen piglets at 7 days of age were fed ordinary milk, 1:1 mix of ordinary and rhLF milk, or rhLF milk (LFM) for 30 days. The incidence of diarrhea in piglets in natural condition was observed. The protein abundances of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, IgE, histamine, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 interferon, tumor necrosis factor in the plasma, spleen or intestine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intestinal structure was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin. The mRNA levels of immune and allergy-related genes were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that LFM-fed significantly reduced incidence of diarrhea, enhanced humoral immunity, T helper (Th) 1, and Th2 cell responses, improved the structure of the intestinal mucosal and did not induce food allergy. LFM increased mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 2 and nuclear factor-κB p65 and decreased that of FCεRI β. In conclusion, rhLF-enriched formula could improve systematic and intestinal immune responses and did not elicit food allergies in neonatal piglets.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiuling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jianwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yaofeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qingyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007781:Lactoferrin; D008892:Milk; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine; D007781:Lactoferrin