title: Biological performance of titania containing phosphate-based glasses for bone tissue engineering applications.
abstract: The interplay between glass chemistry, structure, degradation kinetics, and biological activity provides flexibility for the development of scaffolds with highly specific cellular response. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of titania inclusion into the phosphate-based glass on its ability to stimulate osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate. In depth morphological and biochemical characterisation was performed on HOS cells cultured on the surface of glass discs. Cell proliferation was also studied in the presence of the glass extract. Cell differentiation, through osteoblast phenotype genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin production, was carried out using normal or osteogenic media. Both Thermanox® and titania free glass were used as controls. The data demonstrated that titania inclusion provides desired cytocompatible surface that supported initial cell attachment, sustained viability, and increased cell proliferation similar or significantly higher than Thermanox®. The modified glasses regulated osteoblastic cell differentiation as detected by osteoblast phenotype gene transcription and upregulated ALP and osteocalcin expression. Using osteogenic media had no significant effect on ALP activity and osteocalcin expression. Therefore, titania modified phosphate glasses may have future use as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterials, Conservative Dental Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom. Electronic address: eabouneel@kau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Ensanya Ali
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abou Neel
authors.affiliation: The University of Sydney, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Bank Building, NSW2006, Australia; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Reserch Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chrzanowski
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Reserch Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: j.knowles@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jonathan Campbell
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Knowles
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D010710:Phosphates; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; C500874:Thermanox; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression; Bone tissue engineering; Cell proliferation; Cell viability; Glass scaffolds; Phosphate glasses