title: Colonization with Clostridium difficile in Children with Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. Usually it does not cause disease unless a patient who is colonized with toxin-producing strains has been treated with antibiotics, particularly those that change the anaerobic flora of the large intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated in a prospective study intestinal colonization of C. difficile and its toxins in children with malignancy that used different antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-two patients were included in this prospective study. Stool samples were obtained within the first 48 hours after admission and cultured for C. difficile; cytopathic effect of C. difficile was detected on HELA cells, also ELISA test was performed for detection of toxins A and B. 25% of patients had positive culture for C. difficile; 36/38 (92%) revealed positive cytopathic effect on HELA cells. No significant relation was found between age, gender, history of antibiotic consumption and C. difficile positive culture and cytopathic effect on HELA cells. The only relation was seen between cotrimoxazol usage and cytopathic effect on HELA cells (P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the rate of C. difficile colonization (25.6%) and toxigenic strains (23.7%) in admitted children in hematologic ward is high, the rate of ELISA positive test for toxin A+B was not correspond with culture and cytopatic effect on HELA cell. With respect to sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test, possibility for existence of toxin C with cytopathic effect is high in this type of patients.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shamsian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hojatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drakhshanfar
keywords: Cancer; Clostridium Difficile; Colonization; Cytopathic Effect