title: Kidney cancer cells secrete IL-8 to activate Akt and promote migration of mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that have the capability of homing to cancer cells. Thus, MSCs play an important role in the development, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancers. The mechanisms underlying the homing of MSCs in kidney cancer are still poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of IL-8 in patients with kidney cancer and in the culture medium of kidney cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were utilized to explore the main receptor for IL-8 in MSCs. Transwell migration assay was performed to measure the migration ability of MSCs and Western blot test was performed to test the activation of signaling pathways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum level of IL-8 was markedly increased in patients with kidney cancer, and 2 kidney cancer cell lines were found to secrete IL-8. MSCs had high expression of the IL-8 receptor (CXCR2). Blocking IL-8 or CXCR2 could decrease the migration ability of MSCs. IL-8 could significantly increase Akt phosphorylation in MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney cancer cells secrete IL-8 to activate the Akt signaling pathway via CXCR2 on MSCs, inducing the migration of MSCs, which may be one of the important mechanisms underlying the homing of MSCs in kidney cancer.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liang-kuan
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Ding
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Xin
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cai-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: xkw2005@163.com.
authors.forename: Ke-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000097:blood*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: Akt; Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase; Interleukin-8; Kidney cancer; Mesenchymal stem cell