title: Outcomes of operative sperm retrieval strategies for fertility preservation among males scheduled to undergo cancer treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the outcomes of electroejaculation (EEJ) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) performed for fertility preservation among male patients who are unable to ejaculate or have nonobstructive azoospermia/severe oligospermia before definitive cancer therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary cancer referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients seeking fertility preservation before definitive cancer therapy, with anejaculation, religious or cultural objections to masturbation, azoospermia, or severe oligospermia requiring either EEJ or TESE.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEJ and TESE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm retrieval rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine percent of patients overall and 60% of adolescents/young adults had sperm retrieved for cryopreservation. EEJ was successful in retrieving sperm in 60% of adolescents. Of all adolescents and young adults undergoing TESE, 33% had sperm retrieved for cryopreservation. No complications were reported. Chemotherapy was commenced without delay in all patients requiring it, frequently on the same day as the sperm retrieval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEJ and TESE can be safely and successfully used for fertility preservation before cancer therapy among boys and young adult men who are unable to provide a semen specimen or have nonobstructive azoospermia, and they should be considered in all men meeting this patient profile.
authors.affiliation: Sexual and Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Electronic address: berookhb@mskcc.org.
authors.forename: Boback M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Berookhim
authors.affiliation: Sexual and Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mulhall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D024221:Antineoplastic Protocols; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D059247:Fertility Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Fertility preservation; adolescent; cancer; electroejaculation; testicular sperm extraction