title: Schisandra polysaccharide evokes immunomodulatory activity through TLR 4-mediated activation of macrophages.
abstract: Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Previous studies have shown that Schisandra polysaccharide (SCPP11) has robust antitumor activity in vivo. In this study, the immunomodulatory activity and mechanisms of action of SCPP11 were investigated further to reveal its mechanism of action against tumors. Results showed that SCPP11 increased the thymus and spleen indices, pinocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, and hemolysin formation in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. Moreover, SCPP11 significantly increased immunoglobulin levels, cytokines levels in vivo and induced RAW264.7 cells to secrete cytokines in vitro. RAW264.7 cells pretreated with SCPP11 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells. In addition, SCPP11 promoted both the expression of iNOS protein and of iNOS and TNF-α mRNA. TLR-4 is a possible receptor for SCPP11-mediated macrophage activation. Therefore, the data suggest that SCPP11 exerted its antitumor activity by improving immune system functions through TLR-4-mediated up-regulation of NO and TNF-α.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Nucell Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jingsi Rd. 2, Zhenjiang 212009, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Riwen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Daheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address: yangliuqing@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liuqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: wuxy@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011134:Polysaccharides; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Cytokine; Immunomodulatory activity; Macrophage activation; Polysaccharide; Schisandra chinensis (Trucz.)Baill; TLR-4