title: An assessment of conventional and self-ligating brackets in Class I maxillary constriction patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate two different treatment systems with regard to incisor position, transverse dimension changes in maxillary arch, changes in maxillary molar inclinations, clinical periodontal parameters, and pain intensity in patients with a Class I malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients (with a mean age of 14.5 years) underwent orthodontic treatment with the Roth prescribed edgewise bracket systems after expanding the maxillary arch with a quad-helix appliance, and 16 patients (with a mean age of 14.8 years) underwent orthodontic treatment with the Damon 3MX bracket system. Each subject's lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior radiographs and dental casts were obtained at the beginning of the treatment and after debonding. In addition to these, the periodontal index and pain scores were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cephalometric data showed that in both treatment systems, overjet value decreased and maxillary and mandibular incisors proclined. Posteroanterior measurements demonstrated a greater increase in the maxillary molar inclination in the Damon group. Significant increase of maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths was shown in both systems. Periodontal index and pain score changes between different observation periods were the same.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conventional and Damon systems were found similar with regard to the incisor position, transverse dimension changes in maxillary arch, clinical periodontal parameters, and pain intensity. The only significant difference was that the Damon system inclined the maxillary molars more buccally than the conventional group.
authors.affiliation: a  Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ezgi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atik
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciğer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods
keywords: Damon; Edgewise; Maxillary arch expansion; Quad-helix