title: Studying the effects of nucleating agents on texture modification of puffed corn-fish snack.
abstract: To improve textural attributes of puffed corn-fish snack, the effects of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate (talc), sodium bicarbonate as well as 5% and 10% of wheat bran (as the nucleating materials) on textural attributes were studied. Sensory evaluation, bulk density, expansion ratio, maximum force, and count peaks were measured using the Kramer test. The results showed that all of the additives except bran significantly enhanced the texture. Among them, talc at 0.5% was the best to enhance the density and expansion ratio. Effects of using 0.5% talc on puffed corn-fish snack microstructure were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The average cell diameter of 109 ± 48 μm and cell numbers per square centimeter of 67.4 for talc-treated products were obtained, while for nontalc-treated extrudates, average cell diameter of 798 ± 361 μm and cell numbers per square centimeter of 13.9 were found. Incorporation of 0.5% w/w of magnesium silicate reduced (7-fold) the average cell diameter while increased (4-fold) the cell number.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Univ. Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Iranian Fish Research Organization, P.O. Box 14155-6116, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shahmohammadi
authors.forename: Jamilah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.forename: Russly Abdul
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Noranizan Mohd
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Adzhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002347:Carps; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000032:analysis*; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D017633:Magnesium Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D008296:Malaysia; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012677:Sensation; D062410:Snacks; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D013627:Talc / Q000737:chemistry*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005503:Food Additives; D017633:Magnesium Silicates; C005013:Florisil; D013627:Talc; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: fish; magnesium silicate; microstructure; scanning electron microscopy; snack