title: Comparison of forelimb and hindlimb systolic blood pressures and proteinuria in healthy Shetland Sheepdogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of systemic hypertension (SHT) in Shetland Sheepdogs has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  SHT is common in Shetland Sheepdogs and positively correlated with proteinuria. Measurements of forelimb and hindlimb systolic arterial pressure (SAP) are comparable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two clinically healthy, client-owned Shetland Sheepdogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forelimb and hindlimb SAP were recorded by Doppler ultrasonography. Proteinuria was quantified by urine dipstick, microalbuminuria, and protein:creatinine ratio (UPC). The relationship of UPC, anxiety, age, weight, and heart rate with forelimb SAP was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean forelimb and hindlimb SAP were 132 ± 20 and 118 ± 20 mmHg, respectively. The SAP exceeded 160 mmHg in 9 dogs, suggesting 13% prevalence of SHT. Four dogs had a UPC above 0.5; 2 of these had forelimb SAP exceeding 160 mmHg. Correlation of forelimb and hindlimb SAP was poor (r(2)  = 0.09; P = .011). Bland-Altman plots revealed substantial bias (-14 mmHg) between limb measurements with clinically unacceptable 95% limits of agreement (-60 to 33 mmHg). There was no correlation between forelimb SAP and UPC (P = .06) or anxiety level (P = .49). Age (P < .0001) and heart rate (P = .038) were significant predictors of forelimb SAP; weight (P = .73) was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of SHT was 13% and not correlated with proteinuria. Forelimb and hindlimb SAP were poorly correlated; therefore, trends in an individual animal should be monitored using the same measurement site. Additionally, values for Doppler SAP were determined in Shetland Sheepdogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Scansen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vitt
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bonagura
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Doppler ultrasonography; Proteinuria; Systemic hypertension