title: Antibacterial and antigelatinolytic effects of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil on epithelial cells exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum.
abstract: The present report examined the effects of essential oils (EOs) from Satureja hortensis L. and Salvia fruticosa M. on the viability and outer membrane permeability of the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, a key bacteria in oral biofilms, as well as the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activities in epithelial cells exposed to such bacteria. Membrane permeability was tested by measuring the N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake and bacterial viability by using the commercially available Live/Dead BacLight kit. In addition, gelatin zymography was performed to analyze the inhibition of F. nucleatum-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in HaCaT cells. We showed that 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of Sat. hortensis L. EO decreased the ratio of live/dead bacteria and increased the outer membrane permeability in a range of time from 0 to 5 min. Treatments with 10 and 25 μL/mL of Sal. fruticosa M. also increased the membrane permeability and 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of both EOs inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in keratinocytes induced after exposure of 24 h to F. nucleatum. We conclude that antibacterial and antigelatinolytic activities of Sat. hortensis L. EO have potential for the treatment of periodontal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil .
authors.forename: Fares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeidán-Chuliá
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Könönen
authors.forename: Veli-Jukka
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Uitto
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Söderling
authors.forename: José Cláudio Fonseca
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Ulvi K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Gürsoy
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005780:Gelatin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031362:Satureja / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D005780:Gelatin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP); medicinal plant; periodontal inflammation; pharmacognosy