title: The bile acid TGR5 membrane receptor: from basic research to clinical application.
abstract: The TGR5 receptor (or GP-BAR1, or M-BAR) was characterized ten years ago as the first identified G-coupled protein receptor specific for bile acids. TGR5 gene expression is widely distributed, including endocrine glands, adipocytes, muscles, immune organs, spinal cord, and the enteric nervous system. The effect of TGR5 activation depends on the tissue where it is expressed and the signalling cascade that it induces. Animal studies suggest that TGR5 activation influences energy production and thereby may be involved in obesity and diabetes. TGR5 activation also influences intestinal motility. This review provides an overview of TGR5-bile acid interactions in health as well as the possible involvement of TGR5 in human disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, CURE/Digestive Diseases Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Paris, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie, ERL INSERM U 1057/UMR 7203, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France. Electronic address: henri.duboc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duboc
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, CURE/Digestive Diseases Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taché
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA. Electronic address: AFHofmann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alan F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C473772:GPBAR1 protein, human; C513561:Gpbar1 protein, mouse; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
keywords: Bile acids; Diabetes; Inflammation; Motility; TGR5 receptor