title: Models of muscle contraction and energetics.
abstract: How does skeletal muscle manage to regulate the pathways of ATP synthesis during large-scale changes in work rate while maintaining metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. The classic model of metabolic regulation during muscle contraction states that accelerating ATP utilization leads to increasing concentrations of ADP and Pi, which serve as substrates for oxidative phosphorylation and thus accelerate ATP synthesis. An alternative model states that both the ATP demand and ATP supply pathways are simultaneously activated. Here, we review experimental and computational models of muscle contraction and energetics at various organizational levels and compare them with respect to their pros and cons in facilitating understanding of the regulation of energy metabolism during exercise in the intact organism.
authors.affiliation: Center for Modeling Integrated Metabolic Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. U.S.A.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama. U.S.A.
authors.forename: L Bruce
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Gladden
authors.affiliation: Institute of Myology, NMR Laboratory, F-75651 Paris, France ; CEA, I BM, MIRCen, IdM NMR Laboratory, F-75651 Paris, France ; UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pierre G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Carlier
authors.affiliation: Center for Modeling Integrated Metabolic Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. U.S.A.
authors.forename: Marco E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cabrera
keywords: computer models; energy metabolism; exercise; in vivo models; regulation; single fiber