title: Surgical management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome at the Birmingham Children's Hospital.
abstract: Currently, a three-stage surgical palliation remains the treatment of choice at Birmingham Children's Hospital. After initial introduction of the classical Norwood with pulmonary blood flow provided by a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, a right ventricular to right pulmonary artery conduit at stage 1 Norwood palliation is now used in most cases, a bi-directional 'Glenn' shunt at second stage and an extra-cardiac Fontan completion at third stage. Mortality and morbidity has improved after modification of the technique. Thirty-day mortality was 32.4% (79/244) for the 'classical' Norwood procedure, 25.0% (7/28) for the left-sided RV-PA conduit and 12.7% (22/173) for the right-sided RV-PA conduit. Interstage mortality was 8.6% (21/244) for the 'classical' Norwood procedure, 14.3% (4/28) for the left and 10.1% (15/148) for right-sided RV-PA conduit. After stage II, 30-day mortality was 3.0% (10/335) for all groups. Stage III 30-day mortality was 0.9% (1/115) for all groups.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Children's Hospital, Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fabricius
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stickley
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stümper
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chikermane
authors.forename: Tarak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: de Giovanni
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Brawn