title: High-resolution computed tomographic findings of cocaine-induced pulmonary disease: a state of the art review.
abstract: Cocaine is the most commonly used illicit drug among patients presenting at hospital emergency departments and the most frequent cause of drug-related deaths reported by medical examiners. Various respiratory problems temporally associated with cocaine use have been reported. Acute and chronic uses also are responsible for lung complications, such as pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary hypertension, organizing pneumonia, emphysema, barotrauma, infection, cancer, eosinophilic disease, and aspiration pneumonia. Although most imaging findings are nonspecific, they may raise suspicion of a cocaine-related etiology when considered together with patients' profiles and medical histories. This literature review describes cocaine-induced diseases with pulmonary involvement, with an emphasis on high-resolution chest computed tomographic findings and patterns.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Rocha
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Luciana Soares
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Alexandre Dias
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mançano
authors.forename: Arthur Soares
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Klaus Loureiro
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Irion
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Nobre
authors.forename: Gláucia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hochhegger
authors.forename: Jorge Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pereira e Silva
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchiori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult