title: MMP-9: biomarker for abdominal aneurysm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been shown to express significantly on organ tissue culture in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) patients. Prior studies have shown the correlation between MMP-9 concentration levels with AAA raising the probability of its usage as a biomarker in AAA disease. However, results of previous studies have been conflicting. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between MMP-9 concentration levels with AAA disease and further define the utility as a biomarker for our center population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is prospective controlled trial. Peripheral venous blood sample is obtained from 20 patients with AAA and 36 normal control subjects. MMP-9 concentration levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with subjects abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography of abdomen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (± SE) MMP-9 was 23.94 ± 0.60 ng/mL in normal control subjects and 21.39 ± 1.03 ng/mL in patients with AAAs (p ← 0.05 versus normal control subjects). MMP-9 correlate significantly with AAA (p=0.004). There was no correlation of MMP-9 levels with age, gender, or other risk factors. The cutoff point is 12.54 for aorta size <3.0 cm. The sensitivity and specificity of MMP-9 were 60% and 64% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-9 levels correlate significantly with AAA with a cutoff point of 12.54. However, the utility of MMP-9 as a diagnostic test is limited due to low sensitivity and specificity. An elevated MMP-9 has limited use to predict the presence of AAA (positive predictive value: 60%) and a normal MMP-9 level was insufficient to determine the absence of AAA (negative predictive value: 36.1%).
authors.affiliation: Surgery Department, Medical Faculty and Allied Health, Islamic Science University of Malaysia, 13th Floor, MPAJ Building, Kuala Lumpur.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Affirul
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Azim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanafiah
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nor Azmi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rozman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9