title: Conductive polymer nanotube patch for fast and controlled ex vivo transdermal drug delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To uptake and release hydrophilic model drugs and insulin in a novel conductive polymer (CP) nanotube transdermal patch.
  
  
  METHODS
  The externally controlled transdermal delivery of model drugs and insulin were tested ex vivo and results were compared with CP films. The unique intrinsic properties of CPs provide electrostatic interaction between the model drugs and polymer backbone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When a pulsed potential was applied, the drug delivery release profile mimics that of injection delivery. With a constant potential applied, the release rate constants of the patch system were up to three-times faster than the control (0 V) and released approximately 80% more drug molecules over 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CP nanotube transdermal patch represents a new and promising drug method, specifically for hydrophilic molecules, which have been a large obstacle for conventional transdermal drug delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. slee@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Thao M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Sebin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: conductive polymer nanotubes; controlled transdermal drug delivery; hydrophilic drug molecules