title: The effect of mechanical stimulation on the maturation of TDSCs-poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone)/collagen scaffold constructs for tendon tissue engineering.
abstract: Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in the development and remodeling of tendons. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are an attractive cell source for tendon injury and tendon tissue engineering. However, these cells have not yet been fully explored for tendon tissue engineering application, and there is also lack of understanding to the effect of mechanical stimulation on the maturation of TDSCs-scaffold construct for tendon tissue engineering. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of TDSCs in a poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/collagen (P(LLA-CL)/Col) scaffold under mechanical stimulation for tendon tissue engineering both in vitro and in vivo, and evaluated the utility of the transplanted TDSCs-scaffold construct to promote rabbit patellar tendon defect regeneration. TDSCs displayed good proliferation and positive expressed tendon-related extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and proteins under mechanical stimulation in vitro. After implanting into the nude mice, the fluorescence imaging indicated that TDSCs had long-term survival, and the macroscopic evaluation, histology and immunohistochemistry examinations showed high-quality neo-tendon formation under mechanical stimulation in vivo. Furthermore, the histology, immunohistochemistry, collagen content assay and biomechanical testing data indicated that dynamically cultured TDSCs-scaffold construct could significantly contributed to tendon regeneration in a rabbit patellar tendon window defect model. TDSCs have significant potential to be used as seeded cells in the development of tissue-engineered tendons, which can be successfully fabricated through seeding of TDSCs in a P(LLA-CL)/Col scaffold followed by mechanical stimulation.
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Shiwu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address: zq_tlh@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Tianyong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jinglei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shaping Ba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011817:Rabbits; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D011091:Polyesters; C550605:poly(lactic acid-co-epsilon-caprolactone)
keywords: Mechanical stimulation; Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/collagen; Scaffold; Tendon stem cells; Tissue engineering