title: Individual differences and self-regulatory fatigue: optimism, conscientiousness, and self-consciousness.
abstract: Ability to self-regulate varies and self-regulatory strength is a limited source that can be depleted or fatigued. Research on the impact of individual differences on self-regulatory capacity is still scarce, and this study aimed to examine whether personality factors such as dispositional optimism, conscientiousness, and self-consciousness can impact or buffer self-regulatory fatigue. Participants were patients diagnosed with chronic multi-symptom illnesses (N= 50), or pain free matched controls (N= 50), randomly assigned to either a high or low self-regulation task, followed by a persistence task. Higher optimism predicted longer persistence (p= .04), and there was a trend towards the same effect for conscientiousness (p= .08). The optimism by self-regulation interaction was significant (p= .01), but rather than persisting despite self-regulatory effort, optimists persisted longer only when not experiencing self-regulatory fatigue. The effects of optimism were stronger for controls than patients. There was also a trend towards a similar conscientiousness by self-regulation interaction (p= .06). These results suggest that the well-established positive impact of optimism and conscientiousness on engagement and persistence may be diminished or reversed in the presence of self-regulatory effort or fatigue, adding an important new chapter to the self-regulation, personality, and pain literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, United States.
authors.forename: Lise Solberg
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States ; College of Dentistry, Division of Orofacial Pain, University of Kentucky, United States.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Kentucky, United States.
authors.forename: Leslie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Crofford
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, Division of Orofacial Pain, University of Kentucky, United States.
authors.forename: Reny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States.
authors.forename: Suzanne C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Segerstrom
keywords: Conscientiousness; Dispositional optimism; Self-regulation; Self-regulatory fatigue; Selfconsciousness