title: Echography of the cervix and uterus during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata).
abstract: We undertook the present study to investigate the echographic characteristics of the uterus and cervix of female bonnet monkeys ( Macaca radiata ) during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. The cervix was tortuous in shape and measured 2.74 ± 0.30 cm (mean ± SD) in width by 3.10 ± 0.32 cm in length. The cervical lumen contained 2 or 3 colliculi, which projected from the cervical canal. The echogenicity of cervix varied during proliferative and secretory phases. The uterus was pyriform in shape (2.46 ± 0.28 cm × 1.45 ± 0.19 cm) and consisted of serosa, myometrium, and endometrium. The endometrium generated a triple-line pattern; the outer and central lines were hyperechogenic, whereas the inner line was hypoechogenic. The endometrium was significantly thicker during the secretory phase (0.69 ± 0.12 cm) than during the proliferative phase (0.43 ± 0.15 cm). Knowledge of the echogenic changes in the female reproductive organs of bonnet monkeys during a regular menstrual cycle may facilitate understanding of other physiologic and pathophysiologic changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primate Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India. chaudhariu@nirrh.res.in.
authors.forename: Uddhav K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.affiliation: Animal House Facility, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Siddnath M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Metkari
authors.affiliation: Animal House Facility, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Dhyananjay D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Manjaramkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Primate Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Geetanjali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sachdeva
authors.affiliation: Department of Primate Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katkam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Atmaram H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bandivdekar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Meenakshi H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: Department of Primate Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Sanjiv D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kholkute
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008255:Macaca radiata; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D009215:Myometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D012704:Serous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology