title: Multiplex immunoassay analysis of plasma shows prominent upregulation of growth factor activity pathways linked to GSK3β signaling in bipolar patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our understanding of bipolar disorder (BD) aetiology has advanced in recent years but our ability to translate this to improve patient care in the clinic is still limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we have measured the concentrations of 190 different molecules using sensitive multiplex immunoassays in plasma of 17 BD patients compared to 46 matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analyses led to the identification of 26 dysregulated proteins in BD patients compared to controls. These molecules were comprised mostly of growth factors, hormones, lipid transport and inflammatory proteins. Decreased apolipoprotein A1 has previously been associated with BD patients and this was confirmed in our study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present pilot study was limited by its small sample size, use of multiple drug treatments and the lack of dietary restrictions at the time of sampling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies may increase our understanding of BD which will help to pave the way for much-needed patient stratification for better treatment outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haenisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Murtada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsaif
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rahmoune
authors.affiliation: Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yolken
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: sb209@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Growth factors; Multiplex immunoassay; Plasma; Proteomics