title: Diminished arylesterase enzyme activity and total thiol levels in bladder cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is difficult to think of a disease in the etiology of which free radicals would not be involved. The human body has a number of endogenous free-radical scavenging systems to avoid harm that can lead to any disease including cancer. This study aims to measure the total anti-oxidative status (TAS), in particular the activities of HDL-associated anti-oxidative enzymes paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase (ARE), and total thiol levels (Ttl) in bladder cancer (BC) patients for the first time in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty two male patients (mean age, 66.6 +/- 12.7 years) with BC who had presented at the Urology Outpatient Clinic were prospectively included in the study. Forty age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (mean age 65 +/- 7.4 years) were also enrolled for comparison. Analysis of PON1, ARE activities, measurement of TAS, and Ttl of serum were carried out using colorimetric measurement methods. Statistical analyses were performed using the MedCalc statistical software program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ARE enzyme activity and Ttl levels were significantly lower in patients with BC compared to controls (p = 0.03; p = 0.02, respectively), whereas PON1 enzyme activity and TAS did not show significant differences. Ttl levels were lower in patients with a high grade cancer compared to those with a low grade cancer (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-oxidant measurements might be essential in routine clinical use, not only as cancer disease markers but also as major actors in the management of anti-oxidant remedies in the very near future. Our findings showed that determination of ARE enzyme activity and Ttl levels were more precise than PON1 enzyme activity or TAS measurements, particularly in BC patients. When composing a marker panel, it should be kept in mind that determination of anti-oxidant levels based merely on TAS or PON1 activity may be deceptive and must include ARE enzyme activity and/or Ttl measurements. However, long-term clinical studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological role of serum anti-oxidative levels and HDL-associated PON1 activity in BC patients.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yacinkaya
authors.affiliation: Antalya Public Health Center of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Laboratory of Ataturk Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Ankara. Turkey.
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ergin
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eroglu
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human