title: Validation of the Turkish version of the Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire (QoR-40) is a self-rated questionnaire used to assess the postoperative recovery quality and health status of patients in the early stages following surgery; however, there is no Turkish version of the QoR-40. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Turkish version of the QoR-40 (QoR-40 T).
  
  
  METHODS
  After the approval of the ethics committee, a total of 137 patients completed the questionnaire during the preoperative period, on the third day, and one month after surgery. The quality of life was evaluated by using a health-related quality of life questionnaire (Short-Form Health Survey-36; SF-36) on the third day and one month after surgery. Reliability, feasibility, and validity were assessed to validate the QoR-40 T.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cronbach's alpha of the global QoR-40 T on the third day after surgery was 0.936. A positive moderate correlation was obtained between the physical comfort, emotional state, physical independence, and pain dimensions of the QoR-40 T and the physical component summary, mental health, physical functioning, and bodily pain subscales of the SF-36 on the third day after surgery, respectively (physical comfort - physical component summary, ρ = 0.292, p = 0.001; emotional state - mental health, ρ = 0.252, p = 0.003; physical independence - physical functioning, ρ = 0.340, p < 0.01; pain - bodily pain, ρ = 0.381, p < 0.01). The standardized responsive mean of the total QoR-40 T was 0.62.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QoR-40 T showed satisfactory reliability and validity in evaluating the quality of recovery after surgery in the Turkish population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat 60100, Turkey. serkankaraman52@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arici
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tapar
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suren
authors.forename: Mehtap
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gurler Balta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult