title: Cardiovascular screening practices in collegiate student-athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate screening practices and preparticipation evaluation (PPE) forms used to identify, or raise suspicion of, cardiovascular abnormalities in collegiate student-athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phone and e-mail survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 347 NCAA Division I universities were invited to participate in 2010-2011; 257 universities (74%) elected to participate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about the preparticipation screening process was obtained from team physicians and/or certified athletic trainers. PPE forms were evaluated for the inclusion of the 12 specific American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for cardiovascular screening of competitive athletes from the 2007 AHA Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism consensus panel endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 257 participating universities (100%) required preparticipation screening for freshman and transfer athletes, and 83 universities (32%) required an annual PPE for returning athletes. The PPE was performed on campus at 85% of the universities, whereas 15% of universities allowed the PPE to be completed by the athlete's choice of physician before he or she arrived on campus. Eleven universities (4%) used the recently updated American College of Sports Medicine 4th edition PPE. Sixteen universities (6%) used the American College of Sports Medicine 3rd edition PPE. The remaining 260 universities (90%) did not use either of these forms. Of the 257 Division I universities, only 21 universities (8%) met the AHA recommendations by including all 12 cardiovascular screening items on their PPE forms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority (92%) of NCAA Division I universities do not use PPE forms that meet the AHA recommendations for cardiovascular screening; therefore, they may not be effectively screening collegiate student-athletes for cardiovascular abnormalities that could lead to sudden cardiac death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226(∗). Electronic address: mcharboneau@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Charboneau
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI(†).
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mencias
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI(‡).
authors.forename: Anne Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Hoch
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes / Q000193:education*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013334:Students; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology