title: An ex vivo human lung model for ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy using lung flooding.
abstract: The usability of an ex vivo human lung model for ablation of lung cancer tissue with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is described. Lung lobes were flooded with saline, with no gas remaining after complete atelectasis. The tumor was delineated sono-morphologically. Speed of sound, tissue density and ultrasound attenuation were measured for flooded lung and different pulmonary cancer tissues. The acoustic impedance of lung cancer tissue (1.6-1.9 mega-Rayleighs) was higher than that of water, as was its attenuation coefficient (0.31-0.44 dB/cm/MHz) compared with that of the flooded lung (0.12 dB/cm/MHz). After application of HIFU, the temperature in centrally located lung cancer surrounded by the flooded lung increased as high as 80°C, which is sufficient for treatment. On the basis of these preliminary results, ultrasound-guided HIFU ablation of lung cancer, by lung flooding with saline, appears feasible and should be explored in future clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Teaching Hospital of Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Gera, Germany. Electronic address: Frank.Wolfram@wkg.srh.de.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wolfram
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Center of Radiology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Reichenbach
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Teaching Hospital of Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Gera, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Lesser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000379:methods*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Acoustic properties; High-intensity focused ultrasound; Lung flooding; Lung sonography; Non-small cell lung cancer