title: Cardiorenal syndrome: understanding the connections between cardiac and renal disease.
abstract: Renal and cardiac diseases are nearly ubiquitous in hospitalized patients and common causes of morbidity in outpatients. Although the connection between the heart and kidneys is relatively well known in the medical community, a more formal classification for the clinical interplay of the two systems has been developed only recently. Cardiorenal syndrome was described by Italian nephrologist Claudio Ronco in 2008. This classification allows for justification of management strategies in these complex patients and will guide further research studies.
authors.affiliation: Kate Andrukonis practices emergency medicine at Alamance Regional Medical Center in Burlington, N.C. Caroline Bell practices at Salem Chest Specialists in Winston-Salem, N.C. Lisa Bodine practices at Family Medicine Associates of Alexandria, Va. Emily H. McDowell practices internal medicine at Huntingdon Medical Foundation in Pasadena, Calif. Suzanne Reich practices family medicine at Wake Forest School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, N.C. Ms. Reich and Tanya Gregory are assistant professors in the Department of Physician Assistant Studies at Wake Forest School of Medicine. The authors have indicated no relationships to disclose relating to the content of this article.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andrukonis
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bodine
authors.forename: Emily H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans