title: Prevalence and characteristics of moderate to severe fatigue: a multicenter study in cancer patients and survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effective management of fatigue in patients with cancer requires a clear delineation of what constitutes nontrivial fatigue. The authors defined numeric cutpoints for fatigue severity based on functional interference and described the prevalence and characteristics of fatigue in patients with cancer and survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter study, outpatients with breast, prostate, colorectal, or lung cancer rated their fatigue severity and symptom interference with functioning on the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory numeric scale of 0 to 10. Ratings of symptom interference guided the selection of numeric rating cutpoints between mild, moderate, and severe fatigue levels. Regression analysis identified significant factors related to reporting moderate=severe fatigue .
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistically optimal cutpoints were 4 for moderate fatigue and 7 for severe fatigue. Moderate=severe fatigue was reported by 983 of 2177 patients (45%) undergoing active treatment and was more likely to occur in patients receiving treatment with strong opioids (odds ratio [OR], 3.00), those with a poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (OR, 2.00), those who had >5% weight loss within 6 months (OR, 1.60), those who were receiving >10 medications (OR, 1.58), those with lung cancer (OR, 1.55), and those with a history of depression (OR, 1.42). Among survivors (patients with complete remission or no evidence of disease, and not currently receiving cancer treatment), 29% of patients (150 of 515 patients) had moderate=severe fatigue that was associated with poor performance status (OR, 3.48) and a history of depression (OR, 2.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study statistically defined fatigue severity categories related to significantly increased symptom interference. The high prevalence of moderate=severe fatigue in both actively treated patients with cancer and survivors warrants the promoting of the routine assessment and management of patient-reported fatigue.
authors.forename: Xin Shelley
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fengmin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: O'Mara
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.forename: Tito R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cleeland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D017741:Survivors