title: Chest X-ray vs. Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative tuberculosis in Uganda.
abstract: METHODS
  An out-patient clinic in a country with high rates of tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) co-infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analytical study of 123 adults with chronic cough and no previous anti-tuberculosis treatment. Demographic, clinical, chest X-ray (CXR) and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF data were collected. Proportions of TB diagnoses using both tests were calculated and compared using an unpaired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six patients (53.7%) were female and 35 (28.5%) tested positive for HIV; 21 (17.1%) were Xpert-positive, while 51 (42.5%) had CXR suggestive of TB (P = 0.0018), of whom only 15 (29.4%) were Xpert-positive. CXR was suggestive of pulmonary TB in 15 (71.4%) of the 21 patients with a positive Xpert test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the sputum smear-negative patients did not have TB on single Xpert testing. CXR gave an overestimate of sputum smear-negative TB cases.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wekesa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kirenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Joloba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bwanga
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kamya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D060085:Coinfection; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C505805:rpoB protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D012293:Rifampin