title: Characteristics of canine nasal discharge related to intranasal diseases: a  retrospective study of 105 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare characteristics of nasal discharge caused by different intranasal aetiologies in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 105 dogs with nasal discharge due to intranasal disease were retrospectively reviewed with special focus on composition, severity, duration and localisation of discharge. On the basis of diagnostic findings, cases were classified into different disease groups and characteristics of discharge were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases were classified as having non-specific rhinitis (n=42), nasal neoplasia (n=23), foreign bodies (n=21), nasal mycosis (n=7) and miscellaneous disorders (n=13). Dogs with foreign bodies or nasal mycosis were significantly younger. Mucous components of discharge occurred more often in non-specific rhinitis and nasal neoplasia, although haemorrhagic components predominated in nasal neoplasia when discharge lasted ê14 days. Pure or mixed haemorrhagic discharge was significantly more common with nasal neoplasia, foreign bodies and nasal mycosis. Purulent components were associated with longer duration of discharge and predominantly seen in non-specific rhinitis and foreign bodies. Dogs with foreign bodies were presented earlier and sneezing was more frequent. Nasal stridor was significantly more often observed in dogs with nasal neoplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Characteristics of nasal discharge and associated clinical signs might aid in planning the diagnostic approach, but a combination of diagnostic techniques is still required to confirm a diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Clinic for Small Animals - Internal Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Plickert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tichy
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hirt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012634:Bodily Secretions / Q000378:metabolism; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary