title: Quantification of strain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling on ultra-thin Permalloy/PMN-PT interface.
abstract: Strain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling are expected in ultra-thin ferromagnetic/ferroelectric multiferroic heterostructures, which could lead to significantly enhanced magnetoelectric coupling. It is however challenging to observe the combined strain charge mediated magnetoelectric coupling, and difficult in quantitatively distinguish these two magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms. We demonstrated in this work, the quantification of the coexistence of strain and surface charge mediated magnetoelectric coupling on ultra-thin Ni0.79Fe0.21/PMN-PT interface by using a Ni0.79Fe0.21/Cu/PMN-PT heterostructure with only strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling as a control. The NiFe/PMN-PT heterostructure exhibited a high voltage induced effective magnetic field change of 375 Oe enhanced by the surface charge at the PMN-PT interface. Without the enhancement of the charge-mediated magnetoelectric effect by inserting a Cu layer at the PMN-PT interface, the electric field modification of effective magnetic field was 202 Oe. By distinguishing the magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms, a pure surface charge modification of magnetism shows a strong correlation to polarization of PMN-PT. A non-volatile effective magnetic field change of 104 Oe was observed at zero electric field originates from the different remnant polarization state of PMN-PT. The strain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in ultra-thin magnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures could lead to power efficient and non-volatile magnetoelectric devices with enhanced magnetoelectric coupling.
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA [2].
authors.forename: Tianxiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA [2].
authors.forename: Ziyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Badih A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Assaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hwaider
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Velu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Xinjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haosu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Winchester High School, Winchester, MA.
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Foxborough High School, Foxborough, MA.
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: Boston Latin School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NH.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajiv
authors.affiliation: Advanced Math & Science Academy Charter School, Marlborough MA.
authors.forename: Kavin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Weston High School, Weston, MA.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sreedhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heiman
authors.affiliation: Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.affiliation: Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Gail J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nian X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Sun