title: Prevalence and associated factors of depressive state among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Manila, The Philippines.
abstract: METHODS
  Both depression and tuberculosis (TB) are global public health problems that have a substantial impact on human health. However, depressive state among TB patients has not been well investigated in the Philippines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess depressive state among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and to identify factors associated with depressive state in Manila, the Philippines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of PTB patients was conducted at 10 public health centres and two non-government organisation clinics providing directly observed treatment in District I, Tondo, Manila. Face-to-face interviews with 561 PTB patients using a structured questionnaire were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive state was observed in 16.8% of the participants. Logistic regression analysis indicated that body mass index < 18.5 kg/m(2), marital status of cohabitation compared with married, four or more symptoms, four or more adverse drug reactions, grade 3 or higher on the Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale and low perceived confidant social support were significantly associated with depressive state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive state among PTB patients in economically depressed areas is common, and screening for depression in the primary care setting can identify patients who need support and treatment, especially for malnourished patients and those with poor social support.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association Philippines Inc, Manila, The Philippines; Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohkado
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association Philippines Inc, Manila, The Philippines; Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association Philippines Inc, Manila, The Philippines.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Querri
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010465:Perception; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents