title: Acute exposure to high-fat diets increases hepatic expression of genes related to cell repair and remodeling in female rats.
abstract: High-fat diets (HFD) promote the development of both obesity and fatty liver disease through the up-regulation of hepatic lipogenesis. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of both conditions, causes dysfunctional fuel partitioning and increases in lipogenesis. Recent work has demonstrated that systemic insulin resistance occurs in as little as the first 72 hours of an HFD, suggesting the potential for hepatic disruption with HFD at this time point. The current study sought to determine differences in expression of lipogenic genes between sexes in 3-month-old male and female Long-Evans rats after 72 hours of a 40% HFD or a 17% fat (chow) diet. Owing to the response of estrogen on hepatic signaling, we hypothesized that a sexual dimorphic response would occur in the expression of lipogenic enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and cell repair and remodeling genes. Both sexes consumed more energy when fed an HFD compared with their low fat-fed controls. However, only the males fed the HFD had a significant increase in body fat. Regardless of sex, HFD caused down-regulation of lipogenic and inflammatory genes. Interestingly, females fed an HFD had up-regulated expression of apoptotic and cell repair-related genes compared with the males. This may suggest that females are more responsive to the acute hepatic injury effects caused by HFDs. In summary, neither male nor female rats displayed disrupted hepatic metabolic pathways after 72 hours of the HFD treatment. In addition, female rats appear to have protection from increases in fat deposition, possibly due to increased caloric expenditure; male rats fed an HFD were less active, as demonstrated by distance traveled in their home cage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: Colette N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: Heidi P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Paula T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Tricia G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Keshia R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ramseur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA.
authors.forename: Srujana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rayalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Della-Fera
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Electronic address: cbaile@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Clifton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Baile
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Lynda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001823:Body Composition; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D015430:Weight Gain; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605545:Xbp1 protein, rat
keywords: Acc1; Anxa5; Atgl; Bbc3; Bcl-2 binding component 3; Bgn; Body composition; CAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1; Casp2; Creb1; Dgat1; Fas; Fn1; GATA binding protein 3; Gata3; HFD; High-fat diet; Il6; Jak2; LFD; Lipogenesis; Madh1; Mapk; Mmp11; Motor activity; Npy; Pparγ; Rat; Regeneration; STAT3; Scd1; Serpinh1; Sex characteristics; Socs3; Sparc; Srebp1c; Tnfα; Vegf; Xbp1; acetyl Co-A carboxylase; adipose triglyceride lipase; annexin 5; biglycan; caspase 2; diglyceride acyltransferase; fatty acid synthase; fibronectin; high-fat diet; interleukin 6; janus kinase 2; low-fat diet; matrix metallopeptidase 11; mitogen-activated protein kinase; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; neuropeptide y; osteonectin; peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ; serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; sterol Co-A desaturase; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; tumor necrosis factor α; vascular endothelial growth factor; x-box binding protein