title: Long-term functional donor site morbidity of the free radial forearm flap in head and neck cancer survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the functional donor site morbidity of the forearm free flap in patients surviving at least 2 years after ablative head and neck cancer surgery in a tertiary care centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved nine long-term survivors (2 year post-operative) who had forearm free flaps to reconstruct head and neck defects. All flaps were raised from the non-dominant arm. The non-donor side acted as a control for all patients. Objective measurements were as follows: grip, tip pinch and key pinch strength measured with dynamometers; flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation and pronation and supination range of motion at the wrist measured with goniometry; A timed manual dexterity task was performed with a grooved pegboard test, and sensation of the radial nerve was tested with Semmes Weinstein monofilaments. Subjective measurements included a validated patient questionnaire of hand function and opinions of scar appearance as well as a validated scar assessment from two different observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pronation at the wrist, manual dexterity and sensation were found to be significantly reduced in the donor side compared to the non-donor side. Inter-rater agreement between the two observers was found to be poor, except for an acceptable correlation between overall scar opinions. No correlations were found between any subjective or objective items or between the patient's and the observers' subjective evaluations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Donor site morbidity can be demonstrated with objective testing however this is accepted and well tolerated by head and neck cancer patients.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Orlik
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horwich
authors.forename: Clark
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trites
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Suite 3044 - Dickson Building, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax B3H 1 V7 NS, Canada. smtaylorwashu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: S Mark
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm / Q000601:surgery*; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000601:surgery*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D052581:Pinch Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D017741:Survivors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D060053:Transplant Donor Site / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology