title: Association between seasonal affective disorder and subjective quality of the sleep/wake cycle in adolescents.
abstract: The relationship between seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subjective quality of sleep/wake cycle in adolescents was explored. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SPAQ-CA) and Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) were administered to 345 adolescents living in the city of Cesena (Emilia-Romagna region, Italy) (299 females; age range: 14-18 years), to determine SAD and perceived quality of the sleep/wake cycle. The response rate was 92% for females and 90.2% for males. The MSQ includes two factors, sleep and wake, with lower scores corresponding to a lower quality of sleep and wake. The MSQ includes cut-off criteria to detect a good or bad sleep and wake quality. Adolescents with SAD (16 ± 5.7) scored significantly lower than those not affected on wake factor (19.5 ± 4.3), while no effect has been observed on sleep factor. SAD was the only one significant predictor of good/bad wake quality, while it did not reach significant level with reference to good/bad sleep quality. Present results are indications of a possible influence of SAD on wake quality and further studies are necessary to confirm them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: lorenzo.tonetti2@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erbacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Natale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012621:Seasons; D012890:Sleep; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Adolescents; Seasonal affective disorder; Sleep/wake quality