title: Toward a safer working environment on psychiatric wards: service users' delayed perspectives of aggression and violence-related situations and development ideas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore service users' (n = 9) delayed perceptions of and suggestions for improvement of management of aggression/violence in psychiatry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus group interviews, inductive content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants reported aggression/violence-related negative perceptions (including loneliness, boredom, excessive control, and fear) but also memories of humane and caring personnel. The suggestions included meaningful activities and humane, interactive nursing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed perceptions and proposals resembled the proximate ones. Perceptions may persist for years. Such perceptions and proposals, if taken into account from the beginning of treatment, may prevent negative long-term consequences of witnessed or experienced aggression/violence. Humane, interactive nursing models should be studied and disseminated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Kellokoski, Tuusula, Finland.
authors.forename: Raija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kontio
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Tella
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lantta
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kauppi
authors.forename: Grigori
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: Maritta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Välimäki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D012449:Safety; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Aggression; inductive content analysis; psychiatric ward; service user; violence-related situation