title: Analysis of antioxidant prenylflavonoids in different parts of Macaranga tanarius, the plant origin of Okinawan propolis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the antioxidant prenylflavonoids in different parts of Macaranga tanarius (M. tanarius) (Euphorbiaceae) including the leaf, petiole, stem, leaflet, flower and fruit (only in female plant), and to evaluate their antioxidant properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methanol extracts of each part of M. tanarius were prepared and five prenylflavonoids in them were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC. The fruits from female plant were further separated into seed, pericarp, and glandular trichome. After the quantitative analyses of prenylflavonoids in each part of M. tanarius, antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The leaf of M. tanarius contained two prenylflavonoids as main components in both male and female plants. Both flowers (male and female) contained five kinds of prenylflavonoids. In the petiole, stem and leaflet of both male and female plants, the prenylflavonoids were not detected or their amounts were very low. Five kinds of prenylflavonoids were detected in the seed, pericarp and glandular trichome of female M. tanarius. In particular, the glandular trichome had the highest level of total prenylflavonoids (235 mg/g of fresh plant). DPPH radical scavenging activity of all parts was more than 30%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that different parts of M. tanarius contained antioxidant prenylflavonoids. In particular, not only the glandular trichome but also the leaf contained prenylflavonoids, which indicated that M. tanarius may be developed as a functional plant, because the leaves of this plant can be easily collected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan. Electronic address: kumazawa@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Momose
authors.affiliation: Pokka Sapporo Food and Beverage, 45-2 Juuniso, Kumanoshou, Kitanagoya-city, Aichi 481-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Syuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Antioxidant; Macaranga tanarius; Okinawa; Plant origin; Prenylflavonoid; Propolis