title: Long-term results of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in infants using amplatzer duct occluder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most frequently seen congenital heart diseases. Its closure is recommended because of the risk of infective endocardis, as well as morbidity and mortality in the long. The aim of this study was to assess the long term results of the transcatheter closure of PDA in infants using amplatzer duct occlude (ADO).
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2004 to September 2011, forty eight infants underwent transcatheter closure of PDA. A lateral or right anterior oblique view aortogram was done to locate PDA and to measure its size. Before discharge, repeat aortogram was performed to evaluate eventual residual shunt and to confirm the appropriate deployment of the ADO. Follow up evaluations were done with transthoracic echocardiography at discharge, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months and yearly thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients at procedure was 9.18±2.32 (range 3 to 12) months, mean weight 6.73±1.16 (range 4.5 to 10.1) kg. The PDA occluded completely in 20 out of the 48 patients. Twenty four patients had trivial or mild shunt and two patients had moderate residual shunt which disappeared in one patient within 24 hours and other patient with moderate shunt in 1 month. One patient (age 8 months) had mild LPA stenosis. The device emobolization occurred in two patients, immediately after the procedure in one and during night in the other patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long term results suggested that transcatheter closure of PDA using Amplatzer duct occluder is a safe and effective treatment in infants less than 1 year of age with minimal complications.
authors.affiliation: Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behjati-Ardakani
authors.affiliation: Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Behjati-Ardakani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed-Habibolla
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Noormohammad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noori
keywords: Congenital Heart Defect; Patent Ductus Arteriosus; Transcatheter Closure