title: [Surgical treatment of anal incontinence].
abstract: An epidemiologic assessment of the frequency of anal incontinence and the assessment of the social and economic impact of this handicap allowed progress of the surgery: muscular repair by myorraphy, mainly posterior myorraphy (postanal repair) or sphincteroplasty by direct suture of external anal sphincter, development of an invasive surgery by implantation of a neosphincter (artificial anal sphincter), development of mini-invasive surgery by sacral nerve stimulation, failure of mini-invasive procedures by injection of a bulking agent or radiofrequency, development of cellular therapy by injection of autologous myoblasts. In the same time, progress of digestive functional explorations (anorectal manometry, electrophysiological tests, endoanal ultra sonography, MRI, colonic transit time) and a better knowledge of colonic and ano-rectal physiology improved the surgical thought.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie digestive, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 76031 Rouen Cedex, Franc. francis.michot@chu-rouen.fr
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michot
authors.affiliation: Service de soins de suite et réadaptation gériatrique, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 76031 Rouen Cedex, Franc.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bridoux
mesh_terms: D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans