title: Estrogen modulates neural-immune interactions through intracellular signaling pathways and antioxidant enzyme activity in the spleen of middle-aged ovariectomized female rats.
abstract: Modulation of neural-immune interactions by estrogen in the spleens of ovariectomized (OVX) middle-aged female rats was examined. Con A-induced lymphoproliferation, splenic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression, levels of p-ERK 1/2, p-CREB, and p-Akt, and activity of superoxide dismutase decreased in OVX rats while estrogen treatment enhanced their expression, levels, and activity. Also, estrogen treatment enhanced Con A-induced IFN-γ production and decreased Con A-induced IL-2 production compared to OVX animals. In contrast, estrogen increased the extent of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation while OVX induced a decline in protein carbonyl formation. These results suggest that estrogen enhances neural-immune interactions while simultaneously affecting it through generation of free radicals as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation.
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Prathamesh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Anushree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Miti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Uday P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Pratap
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Hannah P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Priyanka
authors.affiliation: Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: thyagarajan.s@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in.
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: ThyagaRajan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D004967:Estrogens; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D003208:Concanavalin A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Akt; CREB; Cytokine; ERK; Nerve growth factor; Tyrosine hydroxylase