title: Impairment of in vivo calcium signaling in amyloid plaque-associated microglia.
abstract: Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) both in man and in multiple mouse models, and epidemiological studies link the use of anti-inflammatory drugs with a reduced risk of developing the disease. AD-related neuroinflammation is largely mediated by microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system. In vitro, executive functions of microglia are regulated by intracellular Ca(2+) signals, but little is known about microglial Ca(2+) signaling in vivo. Here we analyze in vivo properties of these cells in two mouse models of AD. In both strains plaque-associated microglia had hypertrophic/amoeboid morphology and were strongly positive for markers of activation such as CD11b and CD68. Activated microglia failed to respond reliably to extracellular release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP, mimicking tissue damage) and showed an increased incidence of spontaneous intracellular Ca(2+) transients. These Ca(2+) transients required activation of ATP receptors and Ca(2+) release from the intracellular Ca(2+) stores, and were not induced by neuronal or astrocytic hyperactivity. Neuronal silencing, however, selectively increased the frequency of Ca(2+) transients in plaque-associated microglia. Thus, our in vivo data reveal substantial dysfunction of plaque-associated microglia and identify a novel Ca(2+) signal possibly triggering a Ca(2+)-dependent release of toxic species in the plaque vicinity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology II, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Keplerstr. 15, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brawek
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwendele
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riester
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
authors.forename: Chommanad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerdkrai
authors.forename: Yajie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garaschuk
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000473:pathology*; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D002118:Calcium; C000543:cyclopiazonic acid