title: School readiness of children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine school readiness in preschool-age children with cerebral palsy (CP) on three of five domains compared with reported norms of children with typical development (CTD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative population of 151 preschool-age children with CP (87 males, 64 females; 131 [87%] with spasticity, 17 [11%] dyskinesia, 3 [4%] hypotonia) were assessed at 48 or 60 months corrected age. Children were functioning in the following Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels: I, 74 (49%); II, 17 (11%); III, 14 (9%); IV, 26 (17%); V, 20 (13%). Children's motor performance, self-care, and social function were assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and communication using the Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales Developmental Profile (CSBS-DP). Results were compared with a reference sample of CTD (PEDI CTD n=412; CSBS-DP CTD n=790). Linear regression was used to compare these data by functional severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with CP had significantly lower PEDI scores in all domains than CTD. Self-care scores ranged from 0.5 to more than 4SD below CTD, motor performance was 2 to >4SD below CTD, and social function between 0.5 and >4SD below CTD. Fifty-five per cent of children demonstrated significantly delayed communication skills. Non-ambulant children displayed significantly lower scores than ambulant children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preschool-age children with CP perform significantly below their peers in three of five key readiness-to-learn skill areas including mobility, self-care, social function, and communication abilities. Broader emphasis needs to be placed on multimodal screening and intervention to prepare children with CP for school entry.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Frances E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Gehrmann
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: Roslyn N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Boyd
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012574:Schools; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012919:Social Behavior; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology