title: Identification of sake extract as a new anti-melanogenic ingredient by in vitro and clinical trials.
abstract: Overproduction of melanin is the cause of skin hyperpigmentation, which is related to several skin diseases and cosmetic concerns. Sake is a Japanese alcoholic beverage produced from rice and water by fermentation, but is little known for its effect on melanogenesis. To identify the effect of sake extract on melanin synthesis, a melanin assay was performed in melan-A murine melanocytes. Sake extract treatment significantly inhibited melanin production in a dose-dependent manner, and tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme of melanogenesis, decreased significantly at the protein level. Further investigations were performed with multiple assay systems; a sake extract reduced melanin production in melan-A/SP-1 murine cell co-culture, and also in MelanoDerm, a skin equivalent model of human keratinocytes-melanocytes. Finally, subjects were treated with a formula containing the sake extract. Topical application of the sake extract product improved skin lightness (L*) significantly within 7 days. We identified sake extract as a new anti-melanogenic ingredient through in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results suggest that a sake extract can be used to improve skin hyperpigmentation.
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myong-Ryul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nok-Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Skin Research Institute, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729 Yongin, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Kwang
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins