title: What is the role for biomarkers for lower urinary tract disorders? ICI-RS 2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A biomarker is an entity that measures a normal or pathological process, or the response to an intervention. A biomarker must measure exclusively and be sufficiently sensitive to the process of interest. Alternatively, a biomarker may give clues regarding the underlying pathology of the condition and be a useful research or specialist tool. If a biomarker is to be of practical benefit then it must also be economical and practical to use. This article will consider chemical moieties as biomarkers, although in principle physical markers (e.g., bladder wall thickness) could also be defined as such.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validation of a biomarker for detrusor overactivity (DO) must appreciate the fact that the condition is likely to multifactorial and thus no single entity may be sufficiently selective and sensitive. However, more specific conditions, such as bladder pain associated with DO, may make the biomarker search easier. Several prospective agents including antiproliferative factor (APF) and epidermal growth factors (EGF) are discussed. Several urinary biomarkers, including neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF) and cytokines, and a serum marker, C-reactive protein, are considered as reaching the above criteria. All suffer from relatively poor lack of discrimination, as they all change in response to other, often inflammatory, conditions; BDNF may offer the highest expectations. Urinary ATP has also been proposed as a DO/OAB biomarker but requires further evaluation. Finally genetic markers offer potential to understand more about the pathophysiology of DO/OAB. The increasing availability of genome-wide association studies and micro-RNA assays offer genetic markers as a new generation of biomarkers. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:602-605, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahai
authors.forename: Bahareh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vahabi
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Birder
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016207:Cytokines; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; C490708:antiproliferative factor APF, human; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor
keywords: biomarker; bladder pain syndrome; cytokine; genetic markers; nerve growth factor; overactive bladder