title: Attitudes towards involuntary incarceration for tuberculosis: a survey of Union members.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Policies involving the use of involuntary incarceration for tuberculosis (TB) are highly ethically controversial. To encourage ethical reflection within the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), the Ethics Advisory Group (EAG) surveyed members regarding their attitudes and values relating to involuntary incarceration for TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of the Union TB section were invited to respond to an anonymous web-based survey. The survey included both multiple choice questions describing a range of scenarios regarding involuntary incarceration, and free-text fields inviting respondents to provide general comments on ethical issues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey was completed by 194 participants, 33 (17%) of whom were opposed to involuntary incarceration on principle. The age and sex of the respondents was not associated with likelihood of principled opposition; respondents from North America were least likely to be opposed to involuntary incarceration (P = 0.02). Respondents were most likely to consider involuntary incarceration for persons with known multidrug-resistant TB or a history of previous treatment default, and least likely where people lived alone, were university-educated or the main income provider for their families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey found a wide range of viewpoints regarding involuntary incarceration, and highlights a number of key elements in ethical engagement with the tensions surrounding involuntary incarceration. We provide commentary on approaches to ethical policy making in the light of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Ethics Advisory Group, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; Victorian Infectious Disease Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Denholm
authors.affiliation: Health and Human Rights Division, Human Rights Watch, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Amon
authors.affiliation: Ethics Advisory Group, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Ethics Advisory Group, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narain
authors.affiliation: Ethics Advisory Group, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Ethics Advisory Group, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; The Epidemiology Laboratory (Epi-Lab), Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Sony
authors.affiliation: Ethics Advisory Group, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Edginton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006291:Health Policy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D028701:Patient Rights / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D018579:Patient Selection / Q000941:ethics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D014836:Volition