title: Conversion efficiency and oil quality of low-lipid high-protein and high-lipid low-protein microalgae via hydrothermal liquefaction.
abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for converting algae into biocrude oil. Here, HTL of a low-lipid high-protein microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp.) and a high-lipid low-protein microalgae (Chlorella sp.) was studied. An orthogonal design was applied to investigate the effects of reaction temperature (220-300°C), retention time (30-90 min), and total solid content (TS, 15-25%wt) of the feedstock. The highest biocrude yield for Nannochloropsis sp. was 55% at 260°C, 60 min and 25%wt, and for Chlorella sp. was 82.9% at 220°C, 90 min and 25%wt. The maximum higher heating values (HHV) of biocrude oil from both algae were ∼ 37 MJ/kg. GC-MS revealed a various distribution of chemical compounds in biocrude. In particular, the highest hydrocarbons content was 29.8% and 17.9% for Nannochloropsis and Chlorella sp., respectively. This study suggests that algae composition greatly influences oil yield and quality, but may not be in similar effects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: zdliu@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhidan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: yzhang1@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Yuanhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Coal-based Low Carbon Energy, ENN Sci & Tech Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, China.
authors.forename: Minsheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Zhangbing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Buchun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Si
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D056804:Biofuels; D008670:Metals; D009821:Oils; D014867:Water
keywords: Biocrude oil; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Microalgae composition; Oil quality; Oil yield