title: Influenza vaccines and influenza antiviral drugs in Africa: are they available and do guidelines for their use exist?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in Africa, particularly among high-risk groups, but influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs may not be commonly available and used. The main aim of this study was to determine the availability and use of influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs as well as to describe existing related guidelines and policies in Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered survey was distributed among key influenza experts in 40 African countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 40 countries surveyed, 31 (78%) responded; 14/31 (45%) reported availability of seasonal influenza vaccine, and 19/31 (65%) reported availability of antiviral drugs for the treatment of influenza. Vaccine coverage data were only available for 4/14 (29%) countries that reported availability of seasonal influenza vaccine and ranged from <0.5% to 2% of the population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs are available in many countries in Africa but coverage estimates are low and remain largely unknown. Describing the local burden of disease and identifying funding are essential to encourage countries to use influenza vaccine more widely.
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology and Research Team, Epidemiology Branch, Influenza Division, U,S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS-A32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jduque@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Jazmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.forename: Meredith L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McMorrow
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000600:supply & distribution* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines