title: Lipochitin oligosaccharides immobilized through oximes in glycan microarrays bind LysM proteins.
abstract: Glycan microarrays have emerged as novel tools to study carbohydrate-protein interactions. Here we describe the preparation of a covalent microarray with lipochitin oligosaccharides and its use in studying proteins containing LysM domains. The glycan microarray was assembled from glycoconjugates that were synthesized by using recently developed bifunctional chemoselective aminooxy reagents without the need for transient carbohydrate protecting groups. We describe for the first time the preparation of a covalent microarray with lipochitin oligosaccharides and its use for studying proteins containing LysM domains. Lipochitin oligosaccharides (also referred to as Nod factors) were isolated from bacterial strains or chemoenzymatically synthesized. The glycan microarray also included peptidoglycan-related compounds, as well as chitin oligosaccharides of different lengths. In total, 30 ligands were treated with the aminooxy linker molecule. The identity of the glycoconjugates was verified by mass spectrometry, and they were then immobilized on the array. The presence of the glycoconjugates on the array surface was confirmed by use of lectins and human sera (IgG binding). The functionality of our array was tested with a bacterial LysM domain-containing protein, autolysin p60, which is known to act on the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. P60 showed specific binding to Nod factors and to chitin oligosaccharides. Increasing affinity was observed with increasing chitin oligomer length.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C (Denmark); Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C (Denmark).
authors.forename: Nicolai N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Maolanon
authors.forename: Mickael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaise
authors.forename: Kasper K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Mikkel B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Thygesen
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cló
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Clive W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ronson
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stougaard
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blixt
authors.forename: Knud J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010091:Oximes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D037102:Lectins; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C092736:Nod factor, Rhizobium leguminosarum; D010091:Oximes; D010455:Peptides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase
keywords: Nod factors; chemoenzymatic synthesis; glycan microarrays; glycoconjugates; lectins