title: Leptin is associated with vascular endothelial function in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin plays a key role in the regulation of appetite and body weight. Recent studies have suggested that leptin is also involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the association of plasma leptin levels with vascular endothelial function in lean and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-one type 2 diabetic patients, of which 85 were overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2), were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery was measured to evaluate vascular endothelial function using ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in FMD was found between the lean and overweight groups (7.0 ± 3.8% and 6.5 ± 3.6%, respectively; p = 0.354). FMD was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.371, p < 0.001) and serum creatinine levels (r = -0.236, p = 0.030), but positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.330, p = 0.002) and plasma leptin levels (r = 0.290, p = 0.007) in the overweight group. FMD was not associated with any parameters in the lean group. Multiple regression analysis including possible atherosclerotic risk factors revealed that the plasma leptin level (β = 0.427, p = 0.013) was independently associated with FMD in the overweight group (R2 = 0.310, p = 0.025), but not the lean group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma leptin levels are associated with vascular endothelial function in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. m-tomo@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emoto
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Numaguchi
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Koka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: Katsuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin