title: Hormones in infant rhesus monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) hair at birth provide a window into the fetal environment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is established that maternal parity can affect infant growth and risk for several disorders, but the prenatal endocrine milieu that contributes to these outcomes is still largely unknown. Recently, it has been shown that hormones deposited in hair can provide a retrospective reflection of hormone levels while the hair was growing. Taking advantage of this finding, our study utilized hair at birth to investigate if maternal parity affected fetal hormone exposure during late gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hair was collected from primiparous and multiparous mother and infant monkeys at birth and used to determine steroid hormones embedded in hair while the infant was in utero. A high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technique was refined, which enabled the simultaneous measurement of eight hormones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hormone concentrations were dramatically higher in neonatal compared to maternal hair, reflecting extended fetal exposure as the first hair was growing. Further, hair cortisone was higher in primiparous mothers and infants when compared to the multiparous dyads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research demonstrates that infant hair can be used to track fetal hormone exposure and a panel of steroid hormones can be quantified from hair specimens. Given the utility in nonhuman primates, this approach can be translated to a clinical setting with human infants.
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin [2] Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lubach
authors.affiliation: 1] Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin [2] Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Toni E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin [2] Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Coe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006728:Hormones / Q000032:analysis*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000196:embryology; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones