title: Thermoflavifilum aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic and slightly halophilic filamentous bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes.
abstract: A strictly aerobic, thermophilic, moderately acidophilic, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain P373(T), was isolated from geothermally heated soil at Waikite, New Zealand. Cells were filamentous rods, 0.2-0.4 µm in diameter and grew in chains up to 80 µm in length. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain P373(T) was shown to belong to the family Chitinophagaceae (class Sphingobacteriia) of the phylum Bacteroidetes, with the most closely related cultivated strain, Chitinophaga pinensis UQM 2034(T), having 87.6 % sequence similarity. Cells stained Gram-negative, and were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were i-15 : 0 (10.8 %), i-17 : 0 (24.5 %) and i-17 : 0 3-OH (35.2 %). Primary lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three other unidentified polar lipids. The presence of sulfonolipids (N-acyl-capnines) was observed in the total lipid extract by mass spectrometry. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.3 mol% and the primary respiratory quinone was MK-7. Strain P373(T) grew at 35-63 °C with an optimum temperature of 60 °C, and at pH 5.5-8.7 with an optimum growth pH of 7.3-7.4. NaCl tolerance was up to 5 % (w/v) with an optimum of 0.1-0.25 % (w/v). Cell colonies were non-translucent and pigmented vivid yellow-orange. Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. The distinct phylogenetic position and the phenotypic characteristics separate strain P373(T) from all other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and indicate that it represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Thermoflavifilum aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is P373(T) ( = ICMP 20041(T) = DSM 27268(T)).
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Tierhygiene, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3 0D-85354, Freising, Germany.|GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Dunfield
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kirill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lagutin
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jean F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Power
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vyssotski
authors.affiliation: Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jason L J
authors.initials: JLJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hanssen
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.affiliation: GNS Science, Extremophile Research Group, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3352, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stott
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009520:New Zealand; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine; C062629:menaquinone 7