title: A historical review of common bone graft materials in foot and ankle surgery.
abstract: Foot and ankle fusion is an important treatment for arthritis and deformities of the ankle and hindfoot. The literature has shown that there are improvements in fusion rates with the addition of bone graft and bone graft substitutes. Today autografts, specifically the iliac crest bone graft (ICBG), continue to be the gold standard despite significant donor site morbidity and nonunion rates, persisting around 10%. To address these drawbacks, bone graft substitutes have been developed. This article includes a historical review of the use, outcomes, and safety of autografts, allografts, and bone graft substitutes, such as ceramics, demineralized bone matrix, and platelet-derived growth factor.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (JWA).
authors.forename: Justin W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Santrock
mesh_terms: D064591:Allografts; D000842:Ankle / Q000601:surgery*; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002516:Ceramics; D005528:Foot / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060053:Transplant Donor Site
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
keywords: arthritis and joint disease; bone healing/orthobiologics; external and internal fixation; foot surgery techniques; new technology assessment