title: Personalised medicine as a challenge for public pricing and reimbursement authorities – A survey among 27 European countries on the example of trastuzumab.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey possible funding models and pricing practices as well as prices for the treatment package of trastuzumab and its accompanying diagnostic test in European countries, as an example of personalised medicines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative descriptive data on national pharmaceutical pricing and funding policies applied to trastuzumab and its accompanying diagnostic test were obtained from a survey among competent authorities from 27 European countries as of August 2011. Further, price data (for the years 2005-2013) of trastuzumab in the respective European countries were surveyed and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2011, testing and treatment mainly took place in hospitals or in specific day-care ambulatory clinics. In the European countries either both trastuzumab and the accompanying diagnostic test were funded from hospital budgets (n = 13) or only medicines were funded from the third party payers such social insurances and the test from hospital budgets (n = 14). Neither combined funding of both medicine and diagnostic test by third party payers was identified in the surveyed countries nor did the respondents from the competent authorities identify any managed entry agreements. National pricing procedures are different for trastuzumab versus its diagnostic test, as most countries apply price control policies for trastuzumab but have free pricing for the diagnostic test. The ex-factory price is, on average, €609 per 150 mg vial with powder in 2013; in nine countries the price of trastuzumab went down from 2005 till 2013.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The example of trastuzumab and its accompanying diagnostic test highlights some problems of the interface between different funding streams (out-patient and hospital) but also with regard to the interface between the medicine applied in combination with a medical device. The findings suggest a need for further developing and refining policy options to address the identified interface issues.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leopold
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Habl
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mantel-Teeuwisse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espin
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000191:economics*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000191:economics*; D005060:Europe; D005380:Financing, Government; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D057285:Precision Medicine; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000068878:Trastuzumab