title: Porous material based on spongy titanium granules: structure, mechanical properties, and osseointegration.
abstract: A porous material has been produced by pressing spongy titanium granules with subsequent vacuum sintering. The material with porosity of more than 30% has an open system of interconnecting pores. The Young's modulus and 0.2% proof strength have been measured for the samples having 20-55% porosity. If the porosity is between 30 and 45%, the mechanical properties are determined by irregular shape of pores, which is due to spongy titanium granules. The experiment in vivo was performed on adult rabbits. Before surgery the implants were saturated with adherent autologous bone marrow cells. The implants were introduced into the defects formed in the condyles of tibias and femurs. Investigations of osseointegration of implants having 40% porosity showed that the whole system of pores was filled with mature bone tissue in 16 weeks after surgery. Neogenic bone tissue has an uneven surface formed by lacunas and craters indicative of active resorption and subsequent rearrangement (SEM examination). The bone tissue is pierced by neoformed vessels. Irregular-shaped pores with tortuous walls and numerous lateral channels going through the granules provide necessary conditions for the formation of functional bone tissue in the implant volume and the periimplant region.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metal Physics Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 S.Kovalevskaya St., Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. Electronic address: rubshtein@imp.uran.ru.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rubshtein
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metal Physics Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 S.Kovalevskaya St., Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia.
authors.forename: I Sh
authors.initials: ISh
authors.lastname: Trakhtenberg
authors.affiliation: V.D. Chaklin Ural Scientific & Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, 7 Bankovskiy per., Ekaterinburg 620014, Russia.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Makarova
authors.affiliation: V.D. Chaklin Ural Scientific & Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, 7 Bankovskiy per., Ekaterinburg 620014, Russia.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Triphonova
authors.affiliation: V.D. Chaklin Ural Scientific & Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, 7 Bankovskiy per., Ekaterinburg 620014, Russia.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Bliznets
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metal Physics Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 S.Kovalevskaya St., Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia.
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Yakovenkova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Metal Physics Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 S.Kovalevskaya St., Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vladimirov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006244:Hardness; D008422:Materials Testing; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016062:Porosity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011817:Rabbits; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Mechanical properties; Osseointegration; Porous system; Porous titanium