title: Worldly approaches to global health: 1851 to the present.
abstract: The tension between managing episodic, acute, and deadly pandemics and the arduous path to ameliorating the chronic maladies and social conditions that kill many more people, but in far less dramatic ways, has always shaped the agenda and work of the World Health Organization. Yet the historical record amply demonstrates how international efforts to control infectious disease, beginning in the mid-nineteenth century and extending to the present, have dominated global health policies, regulations, agendas and budgets: often at the expense of addressing more chronic health and environmental concerns. How these challenges have affected present circumstances and created demands for an entirely new conception and execution of 21st century global health efforts is the focus of this paper.
authors.affiliation: The University of Michigan, Simpson Memorial Institute, Room 205, 102 Observatory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: howard@umich.edu.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Markel
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D014943:Global Health / Q000266:history*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D058873:Pandemics / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014944:World Health Organization / Q000266:history* / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: History of global health; Pandemics; United Nations; World Health Organization