title: Identification of three movement phases of the hand during lateral and pulp pinches using video motion capture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand injuries affect a person's ability to engage successfully in activities of daily living (ADLs). Video motion capture (VMC) facilitates measurement of dynamic movement. No study to date has used VMC as a means of quantifying the simultaneous movement patterns of all joints of all digits of the hand during active purposeful movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this study was to analyze all joints of all five digits during active completion of the lateral and pulp pinches. VMC data were collected from four participants during completion of two pinches. Joint angles were plotted to facilitate identification of movement patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Range of motion recorded in all joints with VMC, excluding flexion of the thumb carpometacarpal of both pinches, coincided with the normative goniometric data. Three phases were observed: initiation, preshaping, and pinch phases. Patterns of movement in all digits were identified for the two pinches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VMC is a feasible and valid method for objectively quantifying dynamic movement of multiple joints simultaneously. The results provide new insight to the dynamics of hand movement as well as a basis for subsequent evaluations of movement patterns performed in ADLs and instrumental ADLs.
authors.affiliation: Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8505, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.affiliation: Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8505, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Janes
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Street, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saheb-Al-Zamani
authors.affiliation: Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 1101, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Burbank
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC 0987, La Jolla, CA 92093-0987 USA.
authors.forename: Justin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8505, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA.
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Engsberg
keywords: Biomechanics; Finger; Video motion analysis