title: Development of a selective and sensitive voltammetric sensor for propylparaben based on a nanosized molecularly imprinted polymer-carbon paste electrode.
abstract: The design and construction of a selective voltammetric sensor for propylparaben (PP) in cosmetics by using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as recognition element was introduced. The MIP was synthesized by using PP as template and methacrylic acid as functional monomer and then incorporated in the carbon paste electrode as PP sensor. The molecularly imprinted polymer-carbon paste electrode (MIP-CPE) showed very high recognition ability in comparison to non-imprinted polymer-carbon paste electrode (NIP-CPE). It was shown that electrode washing after PP extraction, led to enhanced selectivity, without noticeably decreasing the sensitivity. Some parameters affecting sensor response were optimized, and a calibration curve was then plotted using differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. A dynamic linear range of 1 nM to 100 nM was obtained. The detection limit of the sensor was calculated to be equal to 0.32 nM. The imprinted electrode also displayed good selectivity for PP and selectivity coefficients were 2.29 and 1.66 for methylparaben (MP) and ethylparaben (EP) respectively. Structural analogs, such as phenol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid had almost no response. This sensor was used successfully for propylparaben determination in cosmetic sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: mbgholivand@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gholivand
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shamsipur
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dehdashtian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rajabi
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D010226:Parabens; D011108:Polymers; D002244:Carbon; C006068:propylparaben
keywords: 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile; AIBN; BP; CPE; CV; Carbon paste electrode; DPV; EGDMA; EP; Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; HPLC; IR; Infrared; MAA; MIP; MIP–CPE; MP; Methacrylic acid; Molecularly imprinted polymer; NIP–CPE; Non-imprinted polymer–carbon paste electrode; PP; Propylparaben; SEM; Voltammetric sensor; butylparaben; carbon paste electrode; cyclic voltammetric; differential pulse voltammetric; ethylparaben; high performance liquid chromatography; methylparaben; molecularly imprinted polymer; molecularly imprinted polymer–carbon paste electrode; scanning electron microscope