title: Expression changes in human skeletal muscle miRNAs following 10 days of bed rest in young healthy males.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies in humans show global changes in mRNA and protein expression occur in human skeletal muscle during bed rest. As microRNAs are important regulators of expression, we analysed the global microRNA expression changes in human muscle following 10 days of sustained bed rest, with the rationale that miRNAs play key roles in atrophy of skeletal muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed expression of miRNA and selected target proteins before and after 10 days of bed rest in biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of 6 healthy males.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen of 152 miRNAs detected in human muscle tissue were differentially expressed, and all of them with exception of two were downregulated. The downregulated miRNAs include the following: miR-206, a myomir involved in function and maintenance of skeletal muscle; miR-23a, involved in insulin response and atrophy defence; and several members of the let-7 family involved in cell cycle, cell differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Predicted gene targets of these miRNAs are members of the MAPK, TNF receptor, ALK1, TGF-beta receptor and SMAD signalling pathways. All of these pathways were previously indicated to be involved in skeletal muscle response to physical inactivity. We also measured protein expression of selected miRNA targets and observed a decrease in HDAC4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that miRNAs in postural muscles are affected by sustained inactivity and unloading, as induced by prolonged bed rest, and hence are potentially involved in regulation of skeletal muscle adjustments to inactivity. We also propose new miRNAs involved in regulation of biological processes in adult human muscle.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Režen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovanda
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eiken
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Mekjavic
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rogelj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001510:Bed Rest / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: bed rest; miRNA; skeletal muscle