title: Ethnic difference in the prevalence of angina pectoris in Sami and non-Sami populations: the SAMINOR study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the population burden of angina pectoris symptoms (APS), self-reported angina and a combination of these, and explore potential ethnic disparity in their patterns. If differences in APS were found between Sami and non-Sami populations, we aimed at evaluating the role of established cardiovascular risk factors as mediating factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A health survey was conducted in 2003-2004 in areas with Sami and non-Sami populations (SAMINOR). The response rate was 60.9%. The total number for the subsequent analysis was 15,206 men and women aged 36-79 years (born 1925-1968). Information concerning lifestyle was collected by 2 self-administrated questionnaires, and clinical examinations provided data on waist circumference, blood pressure and lipid levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study revealed an excess of APS, self-reported angina and a combination of these in Sami relative to non-Sami women and men. After controlling for age, the odds ratio (OR) for APS was 1.42 (p<0.001) in Sami women and 1.62 (p<0.001) for men. When including relevant biomarkers and conventional risk factors, little change was observed. When also controlling for moderate alcohol consumption and leisure-time physical activity, the OR in women was reduced to 1.24 (p=0.06). Little change was observed in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed an excess of APS, self-reported angina and a combination of these in Sami women and men relative to non-Sami women and men. Established risk factors explained little or none of the ethnic variation in APS. In women, however, less moderate alcohol consumption and leisure-time physical activity in Sami may explain the entire ethnic difference.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Bent-Martin
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Eliassen
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen Oslo, Norway ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Sidsel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graff-Iversen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melhus
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Maja-Lisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Løchen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway ; Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Harstad, Norway.
authors.forename: Ann Ragnhild
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Broderstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D001110:Arctic Regions / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Arctic; Norway; Sami; cardiovascular disease; indigenous peoples; minority