title: Hemodynamic signature of breast cancer under fractional mammographic compression using a dynamic diffuse optical tomography system.
abstract: Near infrared dynamic diffuse optical tomography measurements of breast hemodynamics during fractional mammographic compression offer a novel contrast mechanism for detecting breast cancer and monitoring chemotherapy. Tissue viscoelastic relaxation during the compression period leads to a slow reduction in the compression force and reveals biomechanical and metabolic differences between healthy and lesion tissue. We measured both the absolute values and the temporal evolution of hemoglobin concentration during 25-35 N of compression for 22 stage II and III breast cancer patients scheduled to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 17 patients were included in the group analysis (average tumor size 3.2 cm, range: 1.3-5.7 cm). We observed a statistically significant differential decrease in total and oxy-hemoglobin, as well as in hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tumor areas vs. healthy tissue, as early as 30 seconds into the compression period. The hemodynamic contrast is likely driven by the higher tumor stiffness and different viscoelastic relaxation rate, as well as the higher tumor oxygen metabolism rate.
authors.affiliation: Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA ; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA ; These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carp
authors.affiliation: Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA ; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA ; These authors contributed equally to this work ; asajjadi@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Amir Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Sajjadi
authors.affiliation: Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Christy M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wanyo
authors.affiliation: Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA ; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schapira
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bardia
authors.affiliation: Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA ; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Boas
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Isakoff
keywords: (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology; (170.2655) Functional monitoring and imaging; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation; (170.4580) Optical diagnostics for medicine