title: Effects of standard and explicit cognitive bias modification and computer-administered cognitive-behaviour therapy on cognitive biases and social anxiety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the effects of a single session of Cognitive Bias Modification to induce positive Interpretative bias (CBM-I) using standard or explicit instructions and an analogue of computer-administered CBT (c-CBT) program on modifying cognitive biases and social anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 76 volunteers with social anxiety attended a research site. At both pre- and post-test, participants completed two computer-administered tests of interpretative and attentional biases and a self-report measure of social anxiety. Participants in the training conditions completed a single session of either standard or explicit CBM-I positive training and a c-CBT program. Participants in the Control (no training) condition completed a CBM-I neutral task matched the active CBM-I intervention in format and duration but did not encourage positive disambiguation of socially ambiguous or threatening scenarios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in both CBM-I programs (either standard or explicit instructions) and the c-CBT condition exhibited more positive interpretations of ambiguous social scenarios at post-test and one-week follow-up as compared to the Control condition. Moreover, the results showed that CBM-I and c-CBT, to some extent, changed negative attention biases in a positive direction. Furthermore, the results showed that both CBM-I training conditions and c-CBT reduced social anxiety symptoms at one-week follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study used a single session of CBM-I training, however multi-sessions intervention might result in more endurable positive CBM-I changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A computerised single session of CBM-I and an analogue of c-CBT program reduced negative interpretative biases and social anxiety.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address: Sirous.Mobini@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Sirous
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mobini
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Bundy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mackintosh
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work and Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Illingworth
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gega
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langdon
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work and Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoppitt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D015982:Bias; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive bias modification; Cognitive biases; Computer-administered CBT; Social anxiety