Integrated electrokinetics-adsorption remediation of saline-sodic soils: effects of voltage gradient and contaminant concentration on soil electrical conductivity.
In this study, an integrated in situ remediation technique which couples electrokinetics with adsorption, using locally produced granular activated carbon from date palm pits in the treatment zones that are installed directly to bracket the contaminated soils at bench-scale, is investigated. Natural saline-sodic clay soil, spiked with contaminant mixture (kerosene, phenol, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg), was used in this study to investigate the effects of voltage gradient, initial contaminant concentration, and polarity reversal rate on the soil electrical conductivity. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used for the experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model, optimize, and interpret the results obtained using Design-Expert version 8 platform. The total number of experiments conducted was 15 with voltage gradient, polarity reversal rate, and initial contaminant concentration as variables. The main target response discussed in this paper is the soil electrical conductivity due to its importance in electrokinetic remediation process. Responses obtained were fitted to quadratic models whose R (2) ranges from 84.66% to 99.19% with insignificant lack of fit in each case. Among the investigated factors, voltage gradient and initial contaminant concentration were found to be the most significant influential factors.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Hussain
MH
Essa
Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Dammam, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
Nuhu Dalhat
ND
Mu'azu
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Salihu
S
Lukman
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Alaadin
A
Bukhari
D000327:Adsorption / Q000528:radiation effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000528:radiation effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000528:radiation effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018511:Systems Integration
D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants