Inflammation in coronary artery disease.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Although CAD was formerly considered a lipid accumulation-mediated disease, it has now been clearly shown to involve an ongoing inflammatory response. Advances in basic science research have established the crucial role of inflammation in mediating all stages of CAD. Today, there is convincing evidence that multiple interrelated immune mechanisms interact with metabolic risk factors to initiate, promote, and ultimately activate lesions in the coronary arteries. This review aims to provide current evidence pertaining to the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CAD and discusses the impact of inflammatory markers and their modification on clinical outcomes.
From the *Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY; †St. Francis Hospital, The Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Center of Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, Roslyn, NY; ‡Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; §Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and ¶Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
Georgios
G
Christodoulidis
Timothy J
TJ
Vittorio
Marat
M
Fudim
Stamatios
S
Lerakis
Constantine E
CE
Kosmas
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001167:Arteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000502:physiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein