Investigating the effect of lignosulfonate on erosion rate of the embankments constructed with clayey sand.
Internal erosion is known as the most important cause of dam failure after overtopping. It is important to improve the erosion resistance of the erodible soil by selecting an effective technique along with the reasonable costs. To prevent internal erosion of embankment dams the use of chemical stabilizers that reduce the soil erodibility potential is highly recommended. In the present study, a lignin-based chemical, known as lignosulfonate, is used to improve the erodibility of clayey sand specimen. The clayey sand was tested in various hydraulic heads in terms of internal erosion in its natural state as well as when it is mixed with the different percentages of lignosulfonate. The results show that erodibility of collected clayey sand is very high and is dramatically reduced by adding lignosulfonate. Adding 3% of lignosulfonate to clayey sand can reduce the coefficient of soil erosion from 0.01020 to 0.000017. It is also found that the qualitative erodibility of stabilized soil with 3% lignosulfonate is altered from the group of extremely rapid to the group of moderately slow.
Department of Civil Engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban 74518-64747, Iran.
Hamid Reza
HR
Koohpeyma
School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Amir Hossein
AH
Vakili
Faculty of Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran.
Hossein
H
Moayedi
School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Alireza
A
Panjsetooni
Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Ramli
R
Nazir
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000077215:Clay; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods; D004738:Engineering; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D008031:Lignin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012987:Soil; D062066:Water Resources
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D012987:Soil; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C001545:lignosulfuric acid; D008031:Lignin; D000077215:Clay