Identification of methyl farnesoate from the hemolymph of insects.
Methyl farnesoate, [methyl (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienoate (1)] has not been thought be present in the hemolymph of insects, although it is the immediate biosynthetic precursor of the circulating insect hormone juvenile hormone III (methyl (2E,6E)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate) (2). Compound 1 was identified from the hemolymph obtained from five orders of insects. Identification of 1 from the American bird grasshopper was facilitated using both electron impact and chemical-ionization GC-MS, GC-FTIR, and 2D NMR techniques. The identifications from other insects were made using GC-MS, and the amounts of all were quantified using LIM-CI-GC-MS. The ratios of 1 and 2 varied in these insects during different developmental stages. The present results underscore the need for further studies on methyl farnesoate (1) as a circulating hormone in insects.
Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS , 1700 SW 23 Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32604, United States.
Peter E A
PE
Teal
Davy
D
Jones
Grace
G
Jones
Baldwyn
B
Torto
Vincent
V
Nyasembe
Christian
C
Borgemeister
Hans T
HT
Alborn
Fatma
F
Kaplan
Drion
D
Boucias
Verena U
VU
Lietze
D000818:Animals; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C032429:methyl farnesoate; C036585:juvenile hormone III