Analysis, structural characterization, and bioactivity of oligosaccharides derived from lactose.
The increasing interest for prebiotic carbohydrates as functional food ingredients has promoted the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides and new lactose derivatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the chromatographic analysis, structural characterization, and bioactivity studies of lactose-derived oligosaccharides. The most common chromatographic techniques used for the separation and structural characterization of this type of oligosaccharides, including GC and HPLC in different operational modes, coupled to various detectors are discussed. Insights on oligosaccharide MS fragmentation patterns, using different ionization sources and mass analyzers, as well as data on structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy are also described. Finally, this article deals with the bioactive effects of galacto oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides derived from lactulose on the gastrointestinal and immune systems, which support their consumption to provide significant health benefits.
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
F Javier
FJ
Moreno
Antonia
A
Montilla
Mar
M
Villamiel
Nieves
N
Corzo
Agustín
A
Olano
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000032:analysis
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics; D007785:Lactose
Bioactivity; Carbohydrate analysis; Galactooligosaccharides; Oligosaccharides derived from lactulose; Prebiotic effect