NASBOD 2013: design, definitions, and metrics.
BACKGROUND
Iran has witnessed a substantial demographic and health transition, especially during the past 2 decades, which necessitates updated evidence-based policies at national and indeed at subnational scale. The National and Subnational Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (NASBOD) Study aims to provide the required evidence based on updated data sources available in Iran and novel methods partly adopted from Global Burden of Disease 2010.


OBJECTIVE
This paper aims at explaining the motives behind the study, the design, the definitions, the metrics, and the challenges due to limitations in data availability.


METHODS
All available published and unpublished data sources will be used for estimating the burden of 291 diseases and 67 risk factors from 1990 to 2013 at national and subnational scale. Published data will be extracted through systematic review. Existing population-based data sources include: registries (death and cancer), Demographic and Health Surveys, National Health Surveys, and other population-based surveys such as Non_Communicable Diseases Surveillance Surveys. Covariates will be extracted from censuses and household expenditure surveys. Hospital records and outpatient data will be actively collected as two distinct projects. Due to lack of data points by year and province, statistical methods will be used to impute the lacking data points based on determined covariates. Two main models will be used for data imputation: Bayesian Autoregressive Multi-level models and Spatio-Temporal regression models. The results from all available models will be used in an Ensemble Model to obtain the final estimates. Five metrics will be used for estimating the burden: prevalence, death, Years of Life Lost due to premature death (YLL), Years of Life Lost due to Disability (YLD), and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Lost (DALY). Burden attributable to risk factors will be estimated through comparative risk assessment based on Population Attributable Fraction (PAF). Uncertainty Intervals (UIs) will be calculated and reported for all aforementioned metrics.


RESULTS
We will estimate trends in terms of prevalence, deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs for Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors province from 1990 to 2013.


CONCLUSIONS
Results of the present study will have implications for policy making as they address health gaps in Iranian population and their inequality between provinces.
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. f-farzadfar@tums.ac.ir.
Farshad
F
Farzadfar
Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza
A
Delavari
Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Reza
R
Malekzadeh
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza
A
Mesdaghinia
School of Medicine, Dep. Of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamid Reza
HR
Jamshidi
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Diseases, CF Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Aliakbar
A
Sayyari
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Bagher
B
Larijani
D000367:Age Factors; D002423:Cause of Death; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D004813:Epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors