[Contents of macromineral and trace elements in spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) from France, Chad, Togo, Niger, Mali, Burkina-Faso and Central African Republic].
Data on mineral elements in spirulinas being limited, we analyzed macrominerals and trace elements of samples from France and Africa. Spirulinas cultivated in France have a composition in macromineral elements similar to those of the literature. The entire contents of trace elements are low. Unlike marine cyanobacteria, they do not concentrate rare-earth elements. Spirulina harvested in Chad has high levels in macrominerals and trace elements, due to traditional drying and harvesting methods. Rare-earth element levels are attributed to this pollution and not to their concentration in spirulinas, because rare-earth element normalized profiles of spirulina are strictly parallel to those of ouadis mud and very different from those of ouadis water. Despite the sometimes high content of total As, normal water consumption in Chad presents no health problems. Spirulinas grown in Togo, Niger, Mali, Burkina-Faso and Central African Republic have chemical compositions similar to those of Chad spirulinas, but with a lower content of macromineral and trace elements, reflecting a lower mineral pollution. Rare-earth element normalized patterns dismiss an aeolian pollution and the pollution is rather of pedological origin. They show no toxicity problem except spirulinas from Burkina-Faso, whose Pb content is too high. The variability of composition of spirulinas can be largely attributed to the mineral pollution of the samples. Significant levels of rare-earth elements sometimes found in the literature reflect this pollution.
Laboratoire de géologie, géomorphologie et télédétection, faculté des sciences exactes et appliquées, BP 1027, N'Djaména, Tchad. Electronic address: jpfv@hotmail.fr.
Jean-Paul
JP
Vicat
Laboratoire de géologie, géomorphologie et télédétection, faculté des sciences exactes et appliquées, BP 1027, N'Djaména, Tchad.
Jean-Claude
JC
Doumnang Mbaigane
UFR des sciences exactes et sciences de la nature, laboratoire d'hydrogéologie, université d'Avignon et des pays de Vaucluse, 33, rue Louis-Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France.
Yves
Y
Bellion
D000352:Africa, Northern; D002050:Burkina Faso; D002488:Central African Republic; D002596:Chad; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005602:France; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008302:Mali; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry*; D014037:Togo; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
D008674:Metals, Rare Earth; D008903:Minerals; D014131:Trace Elements; D007854:Lead
Africa; Afrique; France; Macromineral elements; Mineral pollution; Pollution minérale; Rare-earth elements; Spirulina; Spirulines; Terres rares; Trace elements; Éléments majeurs; Éléments traces