Glass capillary microfluidics for production of monodispersed poly (DL-lactic acid) and polycaprolactone microparticles: experiments and numerical simulations.
OBJECTIVE
Droplet size in microfluidic devices is affected by wettability of the microfluidic channels. Three-dimensional countercurrent flow focusing using assemblies of chemically inert glass capillaries is expected to minimize wetting of the channel walls by the organic solvent.


METHODS
Monodispersed polycaprolactone and poly(lactic acid) particles with a diameter of 18-150 μm were produced by evaporation of solvent (dichloromethane or 1:2 mixture of chloroform and toluene) from oil-in-water or water-in-oil-in-water emulsions produced in three-dimensional flow focusing glass capillary devices. The drop generation behaviour was simulated numerically using the volume of fluid method.


RESULTS
The numerical results showed good agreement with high-speed video recordings. Monodispersed droplets were produced in the dripping regime when the ratio of the continuous phase flow rate to dispersed phase flow rate was 5-20 and the Weber number of the dispersed phase was less than 0.01. The porosity of polycaprolactone particles increased from 8 to 62% when 30 wt% of the water phase was incorporated in the organic phase prior to emulsification. The inner water phase was loaded with 0.156 wt% lidocaine hydrochloride to achieve a sustained drug release. 26% of lidocaine was released after 1 h and more than 93% of the drug was released after 130 h.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.vladisavljevic@lboro.ac.uk.
Goran T
GT
Vladisavljević
Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
Hamed
H
Shahmohamadi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
Diganta B
DB
Das
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
Ekanem E
EE
Ekanem
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
Zhandos
Z
Tauanov
Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
Lav
L
Sharma
D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005898:Glass; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000737:chemistry; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008863:Microspheres; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry; D014741:Video Recording; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability
D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; C016240:polycaprolactone; D019344:Lactic Acid; D014050:Toluene; C033616:poly(lactide); D008752:Methylene Chloride; D002725:Chloroform; D008012:Lidocaine
Computational fluid dynamics; Controlled drug release; Drop microfluidics; Flow focusing; Lidocaine hydrochloride; Monodispersed microparticle; Poly(lactic acid); Polycaprolactone; Porous particle; Ultrasound contrast agent