Distinct mechanisms determine organ left-right asymmetry patterning in an uncoupled way.
Disruption of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) usually leads to left-right (LR) patterning defects in multiple organs. However, whether the LR patterning of organs is always regulated in a coupled way has largely not yet been elucidated. In addition, whether other crucial regulators exist in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal in regulating organ LR patterning is also undetermined. In this paper, after briefly summarizing the common process of LR patterning, the most puzzling question regarding the initiation of asymmetry is considered and the divergent mechanisms underlying the uncoupled LR patterning in different organs are discussed. On the basis of cases in which different organ LR patterning is determined in an uncoupled way via an independent mechanism or at a different time, we propose that there are other critical factors in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal to regulate heart LR asymmetry patterning during early LR patterning.
Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.
Sizhou
S
Huang
Wenming
W
Xu
Bingyin
B
Su
Lingfei
L
Luo
D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D006801:Humans; D055457:Nodal Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D038081:Organogenesis
D055457:Nodal Protein
Nodal independent pathway; divergent mechanism; left-right patterning; other regulators besides Nodal; uncoupled left-right patterning