A review of 218 pediatric cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the incidence trends and clinical outcomes of children with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and assesses factors predictive of patient survival.


METHODS
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry was queried from 1973 to 2009 for all patients between ages 0 and 19 with primary HCC. Demographics, tumor histology, surgical intervention, and patient survival were collected.


RESULTS
Overall, 218 patients were identified. The annual age-adjusted incidence was 0.05 cases per 100,000 in 2009. Fibrolamellar subtype tumors were exclusive to children >5years old and exhibited greater survival compared to non-fibrolamellar subtype (57% vs. 28%, respectively, p=0.002). Tumor extirpation for patients with resectable disease significantly improved overall survival at 5years compared to no surgery (60% vs. 0%, respectively, p<0.0001). Overall 5-, 10- and 20-year survival for the entire cohort was 24%, 23%, and 8%, respectively. Independent prognostic factors of lower mortality according to multivariate analysis were surgical resection (hazard ratio (HR)=0.18), non-Hispanic ethnicity (HR=0.52), and local disease at presentation (HR=0.46).


CONCLUSIONS
Over the past four decades, the incidence of HCC has remained relatively stable. Children of Hispanic ethnicity have high mortality rates. However, HCC resection for curative intent significantly improves outcomes.
Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Bassan J
BJ
Allan
Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Bo
B
Wang
Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
James S
JS
Davis
Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Punam P
PP
Parikh
Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Eduardo A
EA
Perez
Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Holly L
HL
Neville
Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, DeWitt-Daughtry Family, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. Electronic address: jsola@med.miami.edu.
Juan E
JE
Sola
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018426:SEER Program / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
Cancer; Liver; Outcomes; Pediatrics; SEER