Chaperone function and mechanism of small heat-shock proteins.
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitous ATP-independent molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in protein quality control in cells. They are able to prevent the aggregation and/or inactivation of various non-native substrate proteins and assist the refolding of these substrates independently or under the help of other ATP-dependent chaperones. Substrate recognition and binding by sHSPs are essential for their chaperone functions. This review focuses on what natural substrate proteins an sHSP protects and how it binds the substrates in cells under fluctuating conditions. It appears that sHSPs of prokaryotes, although being able to bind a wide range of cellular proteins, preferentially protect certain classes of functional proteins, such as translation-related proteins and metabolic enzymes, which may well explain why they could increase the resistance of host cells against various stresses. Mechanistically, the sHSPs of prokaryotes appear to possess numerous multi-type substrate-binding residues and are able to hierarchically activate these residues in a temperature-dependent manner, and thus act as temperature-regulated chaperones. The mechanism of hierarchical activation of substrate-binding residues is also discussed regarding its implication for eukaryotic sHSPs.
State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Xinmiao
X
Fu
D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding
D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones
molecular chaperone; oligomer; protein aggregation; protein quality control; small heat-shock protein