Genotypically different clones of Staphylococcus aureus are diverse in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and biofilm formations.
This study evaluated whether genotypically different clinical isolates of S. aureus have similar susceptibilities to individual antibiotics. It further aims to check the impact of biofilm on the in vitro activity of vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline against S. aureus clones. The study used a total of 60 different clinical MSSA and MRSA isolates. Susceptibilities were performed in planktonic cultures by macrobroth dilution and epsilon-test (E test) system. Biofilm production was determined using an adherent plate assay. The efficacy of antimicrobial activities against biofilms formation was checked using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The study found that similar and different spa, MLST, and SCCmec types displayed high variation in their susceptibilities to antibiotics with tigecycline and daptomycin being the most effective. The biofilms were found resistant to high concentrations of most antibiotics tested with daptomycin being the most effective drug used in adhesive biofilms. A considerable difference exists among similar and various clone types against antibiotics tested. This variation could have contributed to the degree of virulence even within the same clonal genotype and enhanced heterogeneity in the infection potential. Thus, the development of a rapid and precise identification profile for each clone in human infections is important.
Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Medical Microbiology, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.
Salman Sahab
SS
Atshan
Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Laboratory of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mariana
M
Nor Shamsudin
Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Leslie Than Thian
LT
Lung
Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Zamberi
Z
Sekawi
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Chong
C
Pei Pei
Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Arunkumar
A
Karunanidhi
Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Jayakayatri
J
Jeevajothi Nathan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Al Bukacyriyah, Saudi Arabia.
Alreshidi
A
Mateg Ali
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Ehsanollah
E
Ghaznavi-Rad
Department of Medical Microbiology, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.
Salwa A
SA
Abduljaleel
Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Rukman
R
Awang Hamat
D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D017576:Daptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D000078304:Tigecycline; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
D000081:Acetamides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D000078304:Tigecycline; D008911:Minocycline; D000069349:Linezolid; D017576:Daptomycin