Direct microneedle array fabrication off a photomask to deliver collagen through skin.
OBJECTIVE
To fabricate microneedle arrays directly off a photomask using a simple photolithographical approach and evaluate their potential for delivering collagen.


METHODS
A simple photolithographical approach was developed by using photomask consisting of embedded micro-lenses that govern microneedle geometry in a mould free process. Microneedle length was controlled by use of simple glass scaffolds as well as addition of backing layer. The fabricated arrays were tested for their mechanical properties by using a force gauge as well as insertion into human skin with trypan blue staining. Microneedle arrays were then evaluated for the delivery of fluorescent collagen, which was evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope.


RESULTS
Microneedles with sharp tips ranging between 41.5 ± 8.4 μm and 71.6 ± 13.7 μm as well as of two different lengths of 1336 ± 193 μm and 957 ± 171 μm were fabricated by using the photomasks. The microneedles were robust and resisted fracture forces up to 25 N. They were also shown to penetrate cadaver human skin samples with ease; especially microneedle arrays with shorter length of 957 μm penetrated up to 72% of needles. The needles were shown to enhance permeation of collagen through cadaver rat skin, as compared to passive diffusion of collagen.


CONCLUSIONS
A simple and mould free approach of fabricating polymeric microneedle array is proposed. The fabricated microneedle arrays enhance collagen permeation through skin.
Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
Jaspreet Singh
JS
Kochhar
Parthiban
P
Anbalagan
Sandeep Balu
SB
Shelar
Jun Kai
JK
Neo
Ciprian
C
Iliescu
Lifeng
L
Kang
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009339:Needles; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption
D011108:Polymers; D003094:Collagen