Multiple variations of the tendons of the anatomical snuffbox.
BACKGROUND
Multiple tendons of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) in the anatomical snuffbox of the wrist can lead to the development of de Quervain's syndrome, which is caused by stenosing tenosynovitis. A cadaveric study was performed to establish the variations present in the tendons of the anatomical snuffbox in a Malaysian population, in the hope that this knowledge would aid clinical investigation and surgical treatment of de Quervain's tenosynovitis.


METHODS
Routine dissection of ten upper limbs was performed to determine the variations in the tendons of the anatomical snuffbox of the wrist.


RESULTS
In all the dissected upper limbs, the APL tendon of the first extensor compartment was found to have several (3-14) tendon slips. The insertion of the APL tendon slips in all upper limbs were at the base of the first metacarpal bone, trapezium and fascia of the opponens pollicis muscle; however, in seven specimens, they were also found to be attached to the fleshy belly of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. In two specimens, double tendons of the extensor pollicis longus located in the third extensor compartment were inserted into the capsule of the proximal interphalangeal joints before being joined to the extensor expansion. In two other specimens, the first extensor compartment had two osseofibrous tunnels divided by a septum that separated the APL tendon from the extensor pollicis brevis tendon.


CONCLUSIONS
Multiple variations were found in the anatomical snuffbox region of the dissected upper limbs. Knowledge of these variations would be useful in interventional radiology and orthopaedic surgery.
Anatomy Department, Universiti Kuala Lumpur - Royal College of Medicine Perak, 3 Jalan Greentown, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. santhwin@yahoo.com.
San San
SS
Thwin
Anatomy Department, Universiti Kuala Lumpur - Royal College of Medicine Perak, 3 Jalan Greentown, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. santhwin@yahoo.com.
Fazlin
F
Fazlin
Anatomy Department, Universiti Kuala Lumpur - Royal College of Medicine Perak, 3 Jalan Greentown, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. santhwin@yahoo.com.
Myo
M
Than
D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D009985:Orthopedics; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014953:Wrist / Q000033:anatomy & histology*