The design of propolis flavone microemulsion and its effect on enhancing the immunity and antioxidant activity in mice.
The objective of the present study was to formulate a microemulsion system for improving the activity of propolis flavone (PF). Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate the existence area of PF microemulsion (PFM). The formulation was characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology and stability. The results showed that the optimal PFM formulation consists of 5.3% ethyl acetate, 14% RH-40, 7% ethanol and 73.7% water (w/w), with a solubility of PF up to 3.0 mg mL(-1). The immune-enhancing and antioxidant activity of PFM in vitro and in vivo were performed. The results showed that PFM could significantly promote the splenocyte proliferation and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ in vitro. In vivo, PFM at high and medium doses was able to significantly increase the thymus and spleen indices, enhance splenocyte activity and improve the contents of IgG and IgM in serum, it could also improve the antioxidant activity, significantly increase the levels of superoxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decrease the malondialdehyde levels compared with PF. These results indicated that microemulsion could be used as an effective formulation for enhancing the activity of PF. Therefore, microemulsion would be expected to exploit into a new-type preparation of PF.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Yunpeng
Y
Fan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Lin
L
Ma
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Weimin
W
Zhang
Laboratory Animal Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
Junmin
J
Wang
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Ying
Y
Chen
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Yuanyuan
Y
Gao
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Wei
W
Feng
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
Liuqing
L
Zhong
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China. Electronic address: sxpxbnl@163.com.
Xiaoping
X
Song
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000276:immunology; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D047309:Flavones; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009821:Oils; D014867:Water; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011429:Propolis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C043562:flavone
Antioxidant activity; Immune-enhancing activity; Propolis flavone microemulsion