Modulation of fibroblast growth factor 19 expression by bile acids, meal replacement and energy drinks, milk, and coffee.
BACKGROUND
The enterohepatic pathway involving the fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and bile acids (BA) has been linked with the etiology and remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Specifically, diabetic patients had lower FGF19 circulating levels but postoperative FGF19 and BA levels were higher in diabetic patients that experience remission of T2D, as compared to non-diabetic patients and diabetic patients that do not experience remission. It has been proposed that this may be due to the direct flow of digestate-free bile acids into the ileum benefiting mostly T2D patients without severe diabetes.


RESULTS
We used a human colorectal cell line (LS174T) that endogenously expresses FGF19, real time PCR, and Elisas for precise quantitation of FGF19 mRNA and secreted protein levels. We report here that BA and fractions of BA stimulated FGF19 in vitro but this effect was partially blocked when BA were pre-incubated with a lipoprotein mix which emulates digested food. In addition, we show that FGF19 mRNA was stimulated by meal replacement drinks (Ensure, Glucerna, SlimFast), non-fat milk, and coffee which has been linked with reduced risk for developing diabetes. Pure caffeine and the 5-hour Energy drink, on the other hand, decreased FGF19 mRNA.


CONCLUSIONS
In summary, FGF19 expression in vitro is modifiable by popular drinks suggesting that such approaches could potentially be used for modulating FGF19 expression in humans.
Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Amanda M
AM
Styer
Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Stephen L
SL
Roesch
Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America ; Institute of Obesity, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
George
G
Argyropoulos
D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003069:Coffee; D061215:Energy Drinks; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D003069:Coffee; C117476:FGF19 protein, human; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors