Chemical penetration enhancers.
Chemical penetration enhancers are utilized in topical preparations as a method for enhancing permeation of drugs across the skin. In particular, they are utilized for transdermal delivery of medications in an attempt to produce a systemic response, to avoid first-pass metabolism, and to decrease the gastrointestinal transit time observed with oral medications. A review of the selection of chemical penetration enhancers, their mechanism of action, the most common chemical penetration enhancers in each class, and alternatives will be discussed in detail.
Research & Development Department, EliteRx, Birmingham, Alabama, 35209, USA. stephen.newton@eliterx.net
Stephen J
SJ
Newton
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption
D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations