Effects of physical activity and sedentary time on the risk of heart failure.
BACKGROUND
Although the benefits of physical activity for risk of coronary heart disease are well established, less is known about its effects on heart failure (HF). The risk of prolonged sedentary behavior on HF is unknown.


RESULTS
The study cohort included 82 695 men aged≥45 years from the California Men's Health Study without prevalent HF who were followed up for 10 years. Physical activity, sedentary time, and behavioral covariates were obtained from questionnaires, and clinical covariates were determined from electronic medical records. Incident HF was identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes recorded in electronic records. During a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (646 989 person-years), 3473 men were diagnosed with HF. Controlling for sedentary time, sociodemographics, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, unfavorable lipid levels, body mass index, smoking, and diet, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of HF in the lowest physical activity category compared with those in the highest category was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.39-1.68). Those in the medium physical activity category were also at increased risk (hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06-1.29]). Controlling for the same covariates and physical activity, the hazard ratio (95% CI) of HF in the highest sedentary category compared with the lowest was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.21-1.48). Medium sedentary time also conveyed risk (hazard ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04-1.24]). Results showed similar trends across white and Hispanic subgroups, body mass index categories, baseline hypertension status, and prevalent coronary heart disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Both physical activity and sedentary time may be appropriate intervention targets for preventing HF.
Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena.
Deborah Rohm
DR
Young
Kristi
K
Reynolds
Margo
M
Sidell
Somjot
S
Brar
Nirupa R
NR
Ghai
Barbara
B
Sternfeld
Steven J
SJ
Jacobsen
Jeffrey M
JM
Slezak
Bette
B
Caan
Virginia P
VP
Quinn
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
exercise; heart failure; prevention & control