Solubility and disintegration of new calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) containing different radiopacifying agents.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the solubility and disintegration of EndoBinder (EB) containing 3 different radiopacifying agents, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), or zirconium oxide (ZrO2), in comparison with gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and white MTA (WMTA).


METHODS
Ten specimens of each cement were made in a stainless steel matrix (20 × 1.5 mm) according to Specification no. 57 of American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association: EB + Bi2O3, EB + ZrO, EB + ZnO, WMTA, and GMTA. The specimens were weighed on an accurate analytical scale and immersed in 50 mL distilled and deionized water at 37°C for 7 days. Afterwards, specimens were dried and weighed again to determine mass loss (%). Resulting solutions were analyzed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer for identification and quantification of chemical elements released.


RESULTS
All cements presented mean values of solubility and disintegration above the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association Specification no. 57. EB + Bi2O3 presented the lowest mass loss (5.08%) and WMTA (6.65%) the highest, with no statistically significant difference (P > .05). The release of several chemical elements was observed, mostly metal ions. Only GMTA and EB + Bi2O3 showed the presence of Cr, with significant difference (P < .05). EB + ZnO presented the highest levels of Pb, followed by WMTA (P < .05). For As, the cements presented different release levels, with EB + ZnO showing the highest and GMTA the lowest levels (P < .05). However, the amounts of As and Pb released were lower than the safe limit proposed by ISO 9917-1.


CONCLUSIONS
Irrespective of the radiopacifying agents used, EndoBinder presented similar behavior to MTA.
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: drlucas.garcia@gmail.com.
Lucas da Fonseca Roberti
Lda F
Garcia
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Michelle Alexandra
MA
Chinelatti
Binderware Biomaterials Ltda, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Hebert Luis
HL
Rossetto
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
Fde C
Pires-de-Souza
D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry; D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003287:Contrast Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; C557697:EndoBinder; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002104:Cadmium; D014867:Water; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel; D012428:Ruthenium; C033301:bismuth oxide; D015040:Zirconium; D001151:Arsenic; C028541:zirconium oxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D002118:Calcium; D001729:Bismuth
Arsenic; MTA; calcium aluminate cement; lead; solubility