Human atrium transcript analysis of permanent atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased risks of stroke and heart failure. However, the exact mechanisms of left atrium remodeling and AF-related biological behaviors are not completely understood.The transcripts of left atrium in permanent atrium fibrillation patients (n = 7) were compared with those of healthy heart donors (n = 4) in sinus rhythm using Agilent 4x44K microarrays. Differently expressed genes were analyzed based on Gene Ontology and KEGG and Biocarta pathway analysis databases.We identified 567 down- and 420 up-regulated genes in atrial fibrillation. The majority of the down-regulated genes participated in metabolic processes, particularly that for fatty acids. The most remarkable up-regulating effects were immune and platelet activation. In addition, atrial remodeling including structural, contractile, electrophysiological, neurohormone, and oxidant stress was also observed, suggesting various pathophysiology changes in fibrillating atrium. Nine AF closely related genes were validated by real-time RT-PCR.Some AF specific genes were determined which may be a complement to the mechanism of left atrium remodeling. Metabolic changes and inflammation could promote or aggravate atrial fibrillation.
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education.
Jian
J
Zhou
Jie
J
Gao
Yan
Y
Liu
Song
S
Gu
Xitao
X
Zhang
Xiangguang
X
An
Jun
J
Yan
Yue
Y
Xin
Pixiong
P
Su
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction