Neuroprotective action of deer bone extract against glutamate or Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal cells.
Water extracts of deer bone, called nokgol in Korean, and deer antlers have been traditionally used as anti-aging medicines. Deer antler extract is known to possess various activities, including anti-aging or anti-amnesic activity. However, there are no reports about the neuroprotective effect of deer bone extract (DBE). The objective of this study was to examine the neuroprotective effect of DBE on glutamate-induced cell death of mouse hippocampal cells (HT-22 cells) and to elucidate the mode of neuroprotective action of DBE. In this study, HT-22 cells was pretreated with DBE before stimulation with glutamate, and then, the effects of DBE on cell viability, oxidative stress markers, and MAP kinases were determined. Separately, the effect of DBE on H₂O₂ or amyloid beta peptide (1-42) (Aβ₁₋₄₂)-induced cytotoxicity of HT-22 cells was evaluated. DBE protected HT-22 cells from glutamate-induced cell death and prevented the increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage in HT-22 cells. DBE also prevented glutamate-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation as well as by decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels and GSH peroxidase activity. In addition, DBE inhibited glutamate-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, indicators of oxidative stress-induced cell death. Furthermore, DBE also protected against H₂O₂ and Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that DBE may be a useful functional agent for the prevention against neurodegenerative disorders involving oxidative stress.
1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University , Daejon, Korea.
Cho Rong
CR
Kim
Hye Lyun
HL
Jeon
Suk Kyung
SK
Shin
Hyun Jeong
HJ
Kim
Chang-Won
CW
Ahn
Sung Ug
SU
Jung
Soo-Hyun
SH
Park
Mee Ree
MR
Kim
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003670:Deer; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases