Time trends between 1987 and 2007 for perfluoroalkyl acids in plasma from Swedish women.
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a large group of chemicals which are highly persistent in both nature and humans. The use of the most prominent ones, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), was reduced in the early 21st century, and since then levels in human matrices have decreased. However, these two compounds have been exchanged by other PFAAs, for which time trends have not been as extensively investigated. By the use of 80 plasma samples collected between 1987 and 2007 from healthy women (n=1-9 yearly for 1987-2001, n=15 from 2006, and n=10 from 2007), possible time trends of six PFAAs were assessed. Time trends were evaluated for the entire study period, as well as for three sub-periods. As seen in previous studies, levels of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), PFOS, and PFOA peaked during the middle time period (1990-2000), with medians of 0.98 ng mL(-1), 18.06 ng mL(-1), and 3.73 ng mL(-1), respectively. However, levels of perfluorononanic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) increased over the whole study period and most markedly so after year 2000, with medians of 0.73 ng mL(-1), 0.28 ng mL(-1), and 0.24 ng mL(-1), respectively, during the last study period.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: anna.axmon@med.lu.se.
Anna
A
Axmon
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Jonatan
J
Axelsson
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Kristina
K
Jakobsson
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Christian H
CH
Lindh
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
Bo A G
BA
Jönsson
D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D013548:Sweden; D013995:Time
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C586085:perfluoroundecanoic acid; C471071:perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; C101816:perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
Biobank; Environmental exposure; Perfluoroalkyl acids; Time trends