Differential contribution of FXa and thrombin to vascular inflammation in a mouse model of sickle cell disease.
Activation of coagulation and vascular inflammation are prominent features of sickle cell disease (SCD). Previously, we have shown that inhibition of tissue factor (TF) attenuates activation of coagulation and vascular inflammation in mouse models of SCD. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which coagulation proteases enhance vascular inflammation in sickle BERK mice. To specifically investigate the contribution of FXa and thrombin, mice were fed chow containing either rivaroxaban or dabigatran, respectively. In addition, we used bone marrow transplantation to generate sickle mice deficient in either protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) or protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) on nonhematopoietic cells. FXa inhibition and PAR-2 deficiency in nonhematopoietic cells attenuated systemic inflammation, measured by plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, neither thrombin inhibition nor PAR-1 deficiency in nonhematopoietic cells affected plasma levels of IL-6 in sickle mice. However, thrombin did contribute to neutrophil infiltration in the lung, independently of PAR-1 expressed by nonhematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the TF-dependent increase in plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in sickle mice was not mediated by FXa or thrombin. Our data indicate that TF, FXa, and thrombin differentially contribute to vascular inflammation in a mouse model of SCD.
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC;
Erica M
EM
Sparkenbaugh
Pichika
P
Chantrathammachart
Jacqueline
J
Mickelson
Joanne
J
van Ryn
Robert P
RP
Hebbel
Dougald M
DM
Monroe
Nigel
N
Mackman
Nigel S
NS
Key
Rafal
R
Pawlinski
D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D000069604:Dabigatran; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism*; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005260:Female; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1 / Q000502:physiology; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000502:physiology; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D013876:Thiophenes; D015091:beta-Alanine; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa; D000069604:Dabigatran