Dento-Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis for rapid Orthodontic Canine Retraction.
BACKGROUND
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the rate of canine distalization by segmental alveolar distraction method in first premolar extraction cases, to evaluate the displacement of the canine and first molar teeth, to assess the effects of the procedure on the pulpal vitality of the canines, and to determine the amount of root resorption in retracted canines.


METHODS
The sample of the study consisted of 20 teeth in 7 patients (five females and two males, mean age 18.5 years). After the osteotomy procedure distractor was fixed. After 3 days of consolidation period, the distractor was activated 3 quarter turns per day(0.75 mm/day) till the canines comes in contact with second premolar. An electrical vitality test was applied before and after the distraction procedure and during the follow-up period.


RESULTS
The mean distal retraction of canines was 7.262 ± 0.4864 mm. The distal displacement of the canine was mainly a combination of tipping and translation. The mean distraction procedure was completed in 14.60 ±1.536 days. The duration of retraction was less for mandibular canine compared to maxillary canine. The mean posterior anchorage loss was mean 0.50±0.688 mm. The amount of root resorption that occurred during distraction was clinically insignificant. None of the teeth reacted negatively to the electrical vitality test that was performed 6 months after the completion of the distraction procedure. There was no clinical sign of discoloration or pulpal pain in any tooth.


CONCLUSIONS
With dentoalveolar distraction, as canines can be fully retracted in 12 to 16 days, the non-compliance patients, patients with root-shape malformations, periodontal problems, or ankylosed teeth will benefit from this technique. The anchorage teeth can withstand the retraction forces better with no anchorage loss, and without clinical or radiographic evidence of root resorption, ankylosis, periodontal problems, and soft tissue dehiscence. This technique reduces orthodontic treatment duration by 6 to 9 months in patients who need extraction, with no need for any sort of anchorage reinforcement. How to cite this article: Kumar N, Prashantha GS, Raikar S, Ranganath K, Mathew S, Nambiar S. Dento-Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis for rapid Orthodontic Canine Retraction. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(6):31-41 .
Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M S Ramaiah Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Naveen
N
Kumar
Department of Orthodontics, M S Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Gs
G
Prashantha
CHC, Sankeshwar, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
Sudhir
S
Raikar
Department of Oral Surgery, M S Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka.
Krishnappa
K
Ranganath
Department of Orthodontics, M S Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka.
Silju
S
Mathew
Department of Orthodontics, M S Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore.
Sandeep
S
Nambiar
Distraction Osteogenesis; canine Retraction; pulp vitality