High-performance Ti/Sb-SnO(2)/Pb(3)O(4) electrodes for chlorine evolution: preparation and characteristics.
Chlorine evolution via electrochemical approach has wide application prospects in drinking water disinfection and wastewater treatment fields. Dimensional stable anodes used for chlorine evolution should have high stability and adequate chlorine evolution efficiency. Thus a novel and cost-effective Ti/Sb-SnO(2)/Pb(3)O(4)electrode was developed. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties as well as the chlorine evolution performances of the electrodes were investigated. The electrocatalytic activity and deactivation course of the electrodes were also explored. Results showed that this novel electrode had strong chlorine evolution ability with high current efficiency ranging from 87.3% to 93.4% depending on the operational conditions. The accelerated service life of Ti/Sb-SnO(2)/Pb(3)O(4) electrode could reach 180 h at a current density of 10,000 A m(-2) in 0.5 molL(-1) H(2)SO(4). During the electrolysis process, it was found that the conversion of Pb(3)O(4) into β-PbO(2) happened gradually on the electrode surface, which not only inhibited the leakage of hazardous Pb(2+) ion but also increased the anti-corrosion capacity of the electrode effectively.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Dan
D
Shao
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Suzhou Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Suzhou 215021, China. Electronic address: yanwei@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Wei
W
Yan
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Lu
L
Cao
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Xiaoliang
X
Li
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. Electronic address: xuhao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Hao
H
Xu
D000965:Antimony / Q000737:chemistry*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D000965:Antimony; D002713:Chlorine; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D007477:Ions; D007854:Lead; D010087:Oxides; D017971:Tin Compounds; D014025:Titanium; D062065:Wastewater; C047365:lead oxide; C045358:stannic oxide
Chlorine evolution; Electrochemical; Lead tetroxide; Sodium chloride; Stability