Measuring the forces of middle ear surgery; evaluating a novel force-detection instrument.
OBJECTIVE
The forces applied to the middle ear structures during surgery are measurable.


BACKGROUND
Surgical forces applied to the middle ear are often cited as a cause of postoperative sensorineural hearing loss; however, no literature exists on how much total force is applied during common middle ear procedures.


METHODS
Using our novel middle ear surgical force sensor, we took measurements from 6 temporal bones of common middle ear manipulations.


RESULTS
Temporal bones of 3 males and 3 females yielded 72 measurements for an average peak applied force and 68 measurements for total applied force across 3 levels of operator experience. Statistically significant differences were seen between different levels of operator and how much force was applied, with senior operators using less force.


CONCLUSIONS
We show it is possible to measure the applied forces in middle ear surgery and that some of these forces are very large. Larger forces are seen in destructive procedures and in procedures performed by inexperienced operators. This project is an important first step in investigating the association between surgically applied middle ear forces and postoperative sensorineural hearing loss.
*Department of Sensory & Motor Systems, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; †Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; ‡Department of Otolaryngology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K.; and §Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital & University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Michael
M
Bergin
Michael
M
Sheedy
Peter
P
Ross
Grant
G
Wylie
Philip
P
Bird
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery*