The intracellular bacteria Chlamydia hijack peroxisomes and utilize their enzymatic capacity to produce bacteria-specific phospholipids.
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for loss of eyesight through trachoma and for millions of cases annually of sexually transmitted diseases. The bacteria develop within a membrane-bounded inclusion. They lack enzymes for several biosynthetic pathways, including those to make some phospholipids, and exploit their host to compensate. Three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy demonstrates that small organelles of the host, peroxisomes, are translocated into the Chlamydia inclusion and are found adjacent to the bacteria. In cells deficient for peroxisome biogenesis the bacteria are able to multiply and give rise to infectious progeny, demonstrating that peroxisomes are not essential for bacterial development in vitro. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics reveal the presence in C. trachomatis of plasmalogens, ether phospholipids whose synthesis begins in peroxisomes and have never been described in aerobic bacteria before. Some of the bacterial plasmalogens are novel structures containing bacteria-specific odd-chain fatty acids; they are not made in uninfected cells nor in peroxisome-deficient cells. Their biosynthesis is thus accomplished by the metabolic collaboration of peroxisomes and bacteria.
Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires, Paris, France ; CNRS URA 2582, Paris, France.
Gaelle
G
Boncompain
Department of BioGeoChemistry and Analytics, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Constanze
C
Müller
CNRS URA 2582, Paris, France ; Institut Pasteur, Unité Analyse d'images quantitative, Paris, France.
Vannary
V
Meas-Yedid
Department of BioGeoChemistry and Analytics, Institut für Ökologische Chemie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Philippe
P
Schmitt-Kopplin
Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires, Paris, France ; CNRS URA 2582, Paris, France.
Paul B
PB
Lazarow
Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires, Paris, France ; CNRS URA 2582, Paris, France.
Agathe
A
Subtil
D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000502:physiology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000382:microbiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010955:Plasmalogens / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D010955:Plasmalogens