High-mobility group box-1 and its role in angiogenesis.
HMGB1 is an architectural chromatin-binding protein that can be released actively by activated cells or passively by dying cells and can serve as a DAMP molecule to drive the pathogenesis of inflammatory and angiogenic diseases. Through TLR4 and RAGE signaling pathways, HMGB1 could regulate vascular growth in vivo and in vitro through diverse mechanisms, including induction of proangiogenic cytokine release and activation of ECs, macrophages, EPCs, and mesoangioblasts, all of which could contribute to vessel formation. Accordingly, HMGB1 plays a significant role in many angiogenesis-related conditions, such as tumors, PDR, wound-healing, and ischemia-induced angiogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulatory role of HMGB1 in angiogenesis and recent progress in therapeutic strategies targeting HMGB1.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.  yangtianshuu1@163.com
Shuai
S
Yang
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Linxinyu
L
Xu
Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongi University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Rd., Shanghai 200072, China. yangianshuul@163.com
Tianshu
T
Yang
Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Rd., Shanghai 200072, China. dreyemilwang_122@163.com
Fang
F
Wang
D000818:Animals; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing
D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
RAGE; TLR4; cytokine; endothelial cells