High-Intensity Training and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses in Professional Top-Level Soccer Players: Effect of Training Intensity.
Owen, AL, Wong, DP, Dunlop, G, Groussard, C, Kebsi, W, Dellal, A, Morgans, R, and Zouhal, H. High-intensity training and salivary immunoglobulin A responses in professional top-level soccer players: Effect of training intensity. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2460-2469, 2016-This study aimed (a) to test the hypothesis that salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) would vary with training intensity sessions (low-intensity [LI] vs. high-intensity sessions [HI]) during a traditional training program divided into 4 training periods and (b) to identify key variables (e.g., GPS data, rating of perceived exertion [RPE], and training duration), which could affect s-IgA. Saliva samples of 10 elite professional soccer players were collected (a) before the investigation started to establish the baseline level and (b) before and after each 4 training sessions (LI vs. HI). Training intensity was monitored as internal (through heart rate responses and RPE) and external (through GPS) loads. High-intensity sessions were associated with higher external load (GPS) and with higher RPE. Baseline and pretraining s-IgA did not differ between the 4 training sessions both for HI and LI. Post-training s-IgA were not different (in absolute value and in percentage of change) between HI and LI sessions at the first 3 periods. However, at the fourth period, s-IgA concentration for HI session was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than the LI session. The percentage change between s-IgA post-training and s-IgA baseline concentrations differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) between HI and LI training sessions. Significant correlations between s-IgA and training intensity were also noted. High-intensity soccer training sessions might cause a significant decrease in s-IgA values during the postexercise window as compared with LI sessions. This study encourages coaches to monitor s-IgA in routine, particularly during HI training periods, to take precautions to avoid upper respiratory tract infection in highly trained soccer players.
1Sheffield United Football Club, United Kingdom; 2 University of Claude Bernard Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; 3Human Performance Laboratory, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; 4 Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S), Rennes 2 University - ENS Cachan, France; 5 Medical Centre Excellence FIFA, Santy Orthopedicae Clinical, Lyon, France; 6Liverpool Football Club, Sport Science Department, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom; and 7University of Clamorgan, Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom.
Adam L
AL
Owen
Del P
del P
Wong
Gordon
G
Dunlop
Carole
C
Groussard
Wiem
W
Kebsi
Alexandre
A
Dellal
Ryland
R
Morgans
Hassane
H
Zouhal
D000328:Adult; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*
D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory