Gold nanocage-photosensitizer conjugates for dual-modal image-guided enhanced photodynamic therapy.
We have demonstrated that gold nanocage-photosensitizer conjugates can enable dual image-guided delivery of photosensitizer and significantly improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in a murine model. The photosensitizer, 3-devinyl-3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide (HPPH), was noncovalently entrapped in the poly(ethylene glycol) monolayer coated on the surface of gold nanocages. The conjugate is stable in saline solutions, while incubation in protein rich solutions leads to gradual unloading of the HPPH, which can be monitored optically by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. The slow nature of the release in turn results in an increase in accumulation of the drug within implanted tumors due to the passive delivery of gold nanocages. Furthermore, the conjugate is found to generate more therapeutic singlet oxygen and have a lower IC50 value than the free drug alone. Thus the conjugate shows significant suppression of tumor growth as compared to the free drug in vivo. Short-term study showed neither toxicity nor phenotypical changes in mice at therapeutic dose of the conjugates or even at 100-fold higher than therapeutic dose of gold nanocages.
1. Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY 14263 (USA);
Avinash
A
Srivatsan
2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA);
Samir V
SV
Jenkins
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 (USA). ; 4. Departments of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Republic of Korea).
Mansik
M
Jeon
5. Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (USA).
Zhijin
Z
Wu
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 (USA). ; 4. Departments of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784 (Republic of Korea).
Chulhong
C
Kim
2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA);
Jingyi
J
Chen
1. Photodynamic Therapy Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo, NY 14263 (USA);
Ravindra K
RK
Pandey
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006046:Gold / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D006046:Gold
Cancer Treatment.; Drug Delivery; Fluorescence Imaging; Gold Nanostructures; Photoacoustic Imaging