Combined effect of a fluoride-, stannous- and chitosan-containing toothpaste and stannous-containing rinse on the prevention of initial enamel erosion-abrasion.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the preventive effect of a fluoride-, stannous- and chitosan-containing (F/Sn/chitosan-) toothpaste (TP) on initial enamel erosion and abrasion.


METHODS
In total, 150 human premolar enamel specimens were ground, polished and divided into 5 toothpaste/rinse groups (n=30): (G1) placebo-TP/tap water, (G2) sodium fluoride (NaF-) TP/tap water, (G3) F/Sn/chitosan-TP/tap water, (G4) F/Sn/chitosan-TP/Sn-rinse, (G5) NaF-TP/NaF-rinse. The 8-day erosion-abrasion cyclic treatment (one cycle/day) consisted of incubating the samples in artificial saliva (30min), then submitting the samples to toothbrush abrasion (2min incubation in toothpaste slurry; brushing with 20 toothbrush strokes) and rinsing (2min; 10ml) with the respective solution: tap water (G1-G3), Sn-rinse (G4) or NaF-rinse (G5). Afterwards, the samples were submitted to erosion (2min; 30ml 1% citric acid, pH=3.6). Surface microhardness (SMH) was measured initially and after every abrasion and erosion treatment. Enamel substance loss was calculated after each abrasion. Non-parametric ANOVA followed by Wilcoxon rank tests were used for analysis.


RESULTS
G1 presented the greatest SMH decrease, while G4 presented the least SMH decrease (p<0.001). G3 had a similar SMH decrease to G2 and G5. Substance loss was significantly lower in G4 than all other groups (p<0.05), closely followed by G3. Both G2 and G5 showed similar calculated enamel substance loss to G1.


CONCLUSIONS
The treatment with F/Sn/chitosan-TP and tap water provided a similar SMH decrease to both NaF-TP groups, but significantly lower substance loss. F/Sn/Chitosan-TP and Sn-rinse showed a better preventive effect, which promoted less SMH decrease and reduced substance loss.


CONCLUSIONS
The toothpaste containing fluoride, stannous and chitosan shows promising results in reducing substance loss from erosion and abrasion. The combination of this toothpaste with the stannous-containing rinse showed even better prevention against erosion-abrasion.
Department of Preventive, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: thiagosaads@hotmail.com.
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Carvalho
Department of Preventive, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Lussi
D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048271:Chitosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos; D011897:Random Allocation; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000009:adverse effects; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D002614:Chelating Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010919:Placebos; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D017971:Tin Compounds; D014100:Toothpastes; D014867:Water; C023599:stannous chloride; D019343:Citric Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D048271:Chitosan
Abrasion; Biopolymer; Chitosan; Dental erosion; Dentifrice; Tin