Regulated necrosis: the expanding network of non-apoptotic cell death pathways.
Cell death research was revitalized by the understanding that necrosis can occur in a highly regulated and genetically controlled manner. Although RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1)- and RIPK3-MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like)-mediated necroptosis is the most understood form of regulated necrosis, other examples of this process are emerging, including cell death mechanisms known as parthanatos, oxytosis, ferroptosis, NETosis, pyronecrosis and pyroptosis. Elucidating how these pathways of regulated necrosis are interconnected at the molecular level should enable this process to be therapeutically targeted.
1] Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium. [2].
Tom
T
Vanden Berghe
1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany. [2].
Andreas
A
Linkermann
Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Sandrine
S
Jouan-Lanhouet
Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Henning
H
Walczak
Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Peter
P
Vandenabeele
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009336:Necrosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
C570693:MLKL protein, human; D011494:Protein Kinases; C506249:RIPK1 protein, human; C119705:RIPK3 protein, human; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases