Comparison of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with sufentanil, fentanyl, or placebo for elective caesarean section: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
BACKGROUND
The addition of opioids to local anesthetics contributes to the quality of spinal anesthesia and postoperative analgesia.


OBJECTIVE
In our prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study, our aim was to compare the effect of low-dose sufentanil plus levobupivacaine or a fentanyl plus levobupivacaine mixture on anesthesia quality, block characteristics, newborn and mother well-being, surgeon satisfaction, and duration of postoperative analgesia.


METHODS
Ninety-three patients were randomized into 3 groups (n = 31). Patients in Group C received 0.5% levobupivacaine (2.2 ± 0.2 mL), Group S received 2.5 µg sufentanil plus 0.5% levobupivacaine (2.2 ± 0.2 mL), and Group F received 10 µg fentanyl plus 0.5% levobupivacaine (2.2 ± 0.2 mL) intrathecally completed to a volume of 3 mL with the addition of saline in all groups. Patients' demographics, sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamics, Apgar scores, umbilical blood gas values, maternal side effects, surgeon satisfaction score, time to first analgesia requirement, and additional analgesic use within 24 hours were recorded.


RESULTS
In Group S and Group F, target levels of sensory and motor block were achieved more rapidly (P < 0.001). The hemodynamic values were lower (P < 0.05), and the duration of sensory blockade and the time of first analgesic requirement were longer (P < 0.001) in Group S. Additional analgesic requirement during first 24-hour period was lowest in Group S, and highest in Group C (P < 0.001). Apgar scores and umbilical blood gas samples were similar between groups. Postoperative pruritus was more frequent in Group S (P < 0.001) and surgeon satisfaction score was significantly lower in Group C (P = 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that the addition of sufentanil and fentanyl to intrathecal levobupivacaine during caesarean section surgery is more effective than the administration of levobupivacaine alone. The addition of sufentanil to levobupivacaine allowed rapid onset time for sensory and motor block levels. It also extended the duration of postoperative analgesia and led to a decrease in total analgesic requirement. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01858090.
Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Nesrin
N
Bozdogan Ozyilkan
Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Aysu
A
Kocum
Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Mesut
M
Sener
Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Esra
E
Caliskan
Department of Gyneocology and Obstetrics, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Ebru
E
Tarim
Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Pinar
P
Ergenoglu
Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Anis
A
Aribogan
caesarean section; fentanyl; levobupivacaine; local anesthetics; spinal anesthesia; sufentanil