Anti-diabetic effect of a novel N-Trisaccharide isolated from Cucumis prophetarum on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.
BACKGROUND
Cucumis prophetarum (L.) is used in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of inflammation related problems.


OBJECTIVE
The present investigation was designed to study the effect of N-Trisaccharide (a new compound isolated from the fruit of C. prophetarum (L.)) on hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA) induced type 2 diabetic rats.


METHODS
Different doses of N-Trisaccharide (25 and 50 mg/kgb.w.) were administered once daily for 28 days to STZ-NA induced diabetic rats. Plasma insulin and glycogen levels were measured. The activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase were measured. Further, histological studies on pancreas were also carried out.


RESULTS
The active compound at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kgb.w. given orally for 14 days showed 47.7% and 69.3% antihyperglycemic activity, respectively. Treatment at the same doses for 28 days provided complete protection against STZ-NA challenge (65 and 230 mg/kgb.w., respectively), intraperitoneally. N-Trisaccharide significantly (p≤0.05) increased the plasma insulin and liver glycogen levels in diabetic rats. The altered enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and kidney of the diabetic rats were significantly (p≤0.05) improved. Additionally, N-Trisaccharide increased glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase activity in diabetic rats. Histological studies confirmed an increase in insulin level is due to stimulation of injured pancreatic β-cells.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study suggested that N-Trisaccharide possesses propitious effect on STZ-NA induced type 2 diabetes, indicating its usefulness in diabetes management.
DOS in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India; DOS in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India.
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Kavishankar
DOS in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: nlakshmidevi7@gmail.com.
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Lakshmidevi
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D028462:Cucumis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014312:Trisaccharides; D006003:Glycogen
Antidiabetic activity; Cucumis prophetarum; Glucose metabolism; N-Trisaccharide; Streptozotocin–nicotinamide; Type 2 diabetes