Spatial variability of total dissolved copper and copper speciation in the inshore waters of Bermuda.
Total dissolved copper (Cu) and Cu speciation were examined from inshore waters of Bermuda, in October 2009 and July-August 2010, to determine the relationship between total dissolved Cu, Cu-binding ligands and bioavailable, free, hydrated Cu(2+) concentrations. Speciation was performed using competitive ligand exchange-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-ACSV). Mean total dissolved Cu concentrations ranged from 1.4 nM to 19.2 nM, with lowest concentrations at sites further from shore, consistent with previous measurements in the Sargasso Sea, and localized Cu enrichment inshore in enclosed harbors. Ligand concentrations exceeded dissolved [Cu] at most sites, and [Cu(2+)] were correspondingly low at those sites, typically <10(-13) M. One site, Hamilton Harbour, was found to have [Cu] in excess of ligands, resulting in [Cu(2+)] of 10(-10.7) M, and indicating that Cu may be toxic to phytoplankton here.
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Station, Ferry Reach, St. George's GE01, Bermuda.
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Oldham
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Station, Ferry Reach, St. George's GE01, Bermuda.
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Swenson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Station, Ferry Reach, St. George's GE01, Bermuda. Electronic address: kristen.buck@bios.edu.
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Buck
D001605:Bermuda; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper
Bermuda; Competitive ligand exchange-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-ACSV); Copper speciation; Dissolved copper; Sargasso Sea