Primary ciliary dyskinesia assessment by means of optical flow analysis of phase-contrast microscopy images.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia implies cilia with defective or total absence of motility, which may result in sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and male infertility. Diagnosis can be difficult and is based on an abnormal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and beat pattern. In this paper, we present a method to determine CBF of isolated cells through the analysis of phase-contrast microscopy images, estimating cilia motion by means of an optical flow algorithm. After having analyzed 28 image sequences (14 with a normal beat pattern and 14 with a dyskinetic pattern), the normal group presented a CBF of 5.2 ± 1.6 Hz, while the dyskinetic patients presented a 1.9 ± 0.9 Hz CBF. The cutoff value to classify a dyskinetic specimen was set to 3.45 Hz (sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.93). The presented methodology has provided excellent results to objectively diagnose PCD.
Biomechanics Institute of Valencia (IBV), Spain.
Eduardo
E
Parrilla
Otorrinolaringology Service and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Unit of the Hospital General Universitario and with the Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Miguel
M
Armengot
Fundación para la Investigación and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Unit of the Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
Manuel
M
Mata
Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
José Manuel
JM
Sánchez-Vílchez
Fundación para la Investigación and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Unit of the Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
Julio
J
Cortijo
Institute of Multidisciplinary Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
José L
JL
Hueso
Institute of Multidisciplinary Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
Jaime
J
Riera
Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: dmoratal@eln.upv.es.
David
D
Moratal
D000465:Algorithms; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D002925:Ciliary Motility Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique
Active contours; Beat frequency; Fourier-Mellin transform; Optical flow; Primary ciliary dyskinesia