Chemical biology approaches to designing defined carbohydrate vaccines.
Carbohydrate antigens have shown promise as important targets for developing effective vaccines and pathogen detection strategies. Modifying purified microbial glycans through synthetic routes or completely synthesizing antigenic motifs are attractive options to advance carbohydrate vaccine development. However, limited knowledge on structure-property correlates hampers the discovery of immunoprotective carbohydrate epitopes. Recent advancements in tools for glycan modification, high-throughput screening of biological samples, and 3D structural analysis may facilitate antigen discovery process. This review focuses on advances that accelerate carbohydrate-based vaccine development and various technologies that are driving these efforts. Herein we provide a critical overview of approaches and resources available for rational design of better carbohydrate antigens. Structurally defined and fully synthetic oligosaccharides, designed based on molecular understanding of antigen-antibody interactions, offer a promising alternative for developing future carbohydrate vaccines.
Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany. Electronic address: chakkumkal.anish@mpikg.mpg.de.
Chakkumkal
C
Anish
Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Benjamin
B
Schumann
Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
Claney Lebev
CL
Pereira
Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: peter.seeberger@mpikg.mpg.de.
Peter H
PH
Seeberger
D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
D000941:Antigens; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014612:Vaccines