Global spread of dengue virus types: mapping the 70 year history.
Since the first isolation of dengue virus (DENV) in 1943, four types have been identified. Global phenomena such as urbanization and international travel are key factors in facilitating the spread of dengue. Documenting the type-specific record of DENV spread has important implications for understanding patterns in dengue hyperendemicity and disease severity as well as vaccine design and deployment strategies. Existing studies have examined the spread of DENV types at regional or local scales, or described phylogeographic relationships within a single type. Here we summarize the global distribution of confirmed instances of each DENV type from 1943 to 2013 in a series of global maps. These show the worldwide expansion of the types, the expansion of disease hyperendemicity, and the establishment of an increasingly important infectious disease of global public health significance.
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. Electronic address: jane.messina@zoo.ox.ac.uk.
Jane P
JP
Messina
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Oliver J
OJ
Brady
Department of Entomology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Thomas W
TW
Scott
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Chenting
C
Zou
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
David M
DM
Pigott
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Kirsten A
KA
Duda
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Samir
S
Bhatt
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.
Leah
L
Katzelnick
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Rosalind E
RE
Howes
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Katherine E
KE
Battle
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Nossal Institute of Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Cameron P
CP
Simmons
Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Simon I
SI
Hay
D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D058974:Phylogeography; D019371:Topography, Medical
dengue; serotypes