Multiresidue screening of milk withheld for sale at dairy farms in central New York State.
Many of the drugs commonly used in lactating dairy cows result in residues in the milk, prohibiting its sale for human consumption. Milk withheld for sale because of drug treatment or from cows with high somatic cell counts is commonly called "waste milk." One-third of dairy farms in the United States use waste milk to feed preweaned dairy calves. Limited information is currently available on the effect of this practice on the selection and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Pooled waste milk samples were collected from 34 dairy farms in central New York State with the objective of detecting the presence and quantity of drug residues in these samples. Samples were collected and refrigerated using ice packs and then stored at 4°C upon arrival at the Cornell laboratory (Ithaca, NY). Screening for β-lactam, tetracycline, and sulfonamide residues in the milk was performed using commercial enzyme-linked receptor-binding assay (SNAP) tests (Idexx Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME). Samples with a positive SNAP test were selected for screening using a multiresidue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The SNAP tests revealed that 75, 14.3, and 7.1% of waste milk samples (n=34) contained β-lactam, tetracycline, and sulfamethazine residues, respectively. Of the samples sent for LC-MS/MS (n=28), half had detectable quantities of drug residues. The most prevalent drugs detected by LC-MS/MS were ceftiofur (39.2%; mean ± SE concentration=0.151 ± 0.042 μg/mL), penicillin G (14.2%; mean ± SE concentration=0.008 ± 0.001 µg/mL), and ampicillin (7.1%; mean ± SE concentration=0.472 ± 0.43 µg/mL). In addition, one sample had detectable concentrations of oxytetracycline and one sample had detectable concentrations of sulfadimethoxine. These results provide insight on drug residues present in waste milk from select farm in upstate New York, and additionally indicate the need for additional studies targeting on-farm treatments that could degrade drug residues present in waste milk and reduce the potential effects on the biosphere from the disposal and use of waste milk as a feed source.
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Electronic address: rvp25@cornell.edu.
R V
RV
Pereira
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
J D
JD
Siler
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
R C
RC
Bicalho
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
L D
LD
Warnick
D000667:Ampicillin / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005504:Food Analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009518:New York; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000032:analysis; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000032:analysis; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000032:analysis
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047090:beta-Lactams; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D000667:Ampicillin; D013752:Tetracycline; D010400:Penicillin G
antibiotic resistance; drug residues; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; waste milk