Mechanisms underlying robustness and tunability in a plant immune signaling network.
The plant immune signaling network needs to be robust against attack from fast-evolving pathogens and tunable to optimize immune responses. We investigated the basis of robustness and tunability in the signaling network controlling pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in Arabidopsis. A dynamic network model containing four major signaling sectors, the jasmonate, ethylene, phytoalexin-deficient 4, and salicylate sectors, which together govern up to 80% of the PTI levels, was built using data for dynamic sector activities and PTI levels under exhaustive combinatorial sector perturbations. Our regularized multiple regression model had a high level of predictive power and captured known and unexpected signal flows in the network. The sole inhibitory sector in the model, the ethylene sector, contributed centrally to network robustness via its inhibition of the jasmonate sector. The model's multiple input sites linked specific signal input patterns varying in strength and timing to different network response patterns, indicating a mechanism enabling tunability.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Yungil
Y
Kim
Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany.
Kenichi
K
Tsuda
Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Igarashi
Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Rachel A
RA
Hillmer
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
Hitoshi
H
Sakakibara
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Chad L
CL
Myers
Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: katagiri@umn.edu.
Fumiaki
F
Katagiri
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000276:immunology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000254:growth & development; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005030:Ethylenes; D054883:Oxylipins; C011006:jasmonic acid; D048271:Chitosan; C036216:ethylene; C587207:FRK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D011494:Protein Kinases; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C400766:PAD4 protein, Arabidopsis; D020156:Salicylic Acid