Chitosan-modified cobalt oxide nanoparticles stimulate TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in human leukemic cells.
The objective of this study was to develop chitosan-based delivery of cobalt oxide nanoparticles to human leukemic cells and investigate their specific induction of apoptosis. The physicochemical properties of the chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The solubility of chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles was higher at acidic pH, which helps to release more cobalt ions into the medium. Chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles showed good compatibility with normal cells. However, our results showed that exposure of leukemic cells (Jurkat cells) to chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles caused an increase in reactive oxygen species generation that was abolished by pretreatment of cells with the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The apoptosis of Jurkat cells was confirmed by flow-cytometric analysis. Induction of TNF-α secretion was observed from stimulation of Jurkat cells with chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles. We also tested the role of TNF-α in the induction of Jurkat cell death in the presence of TNF-α and caspase inhibitors. Treatment of leukemic cells with a blocker had a greater effect on cancer cell viability. From our findings, oxidative stress and caspase activation are involved in cancer cell death induced by chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles.
Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
Sourav
S
Chattopadhyay
Sandeep Kumar
SK
Dash
Santanu
S
Kar Mahapatra
Satyajit
S
Tripathy
Totan
T
Ghosh
Balaram
B
Das
Debasis
D
Das
Panchanan
P
Pramanik
Somenath
S
Roy
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015458:Leukemia, T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D010087:Oxides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003035:Cobalt; D048271:Chitosan; C060728:cobalt oxide