A search for hope and understanding: an analysis of threatened miscarriage internet forums.
OBJECTIVE
threatened miscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy, which increases the risk of miscarriage or pregnancy complications such as premature birth. Currently there is limited evidence to recommend beneficial medical treatments or lifestyle changes, resulting in a 'watchful waiting' approach. The aim of this study was to describe women's experiences of threatened miscarriage through examining postings to Internet discussion forums.


METHODS
a Goggle alert for threatened miscarriage was created with emails containing hyperlinks sent to the first author and collected over a seven month period (April to November 2011). Data was analysed using thematic analysis.


RESULTS
one hundred and twenty one discussion threads were collected. The overarching theme that emerged was one of 'a search for hope and understanding'. Within this there were four sub themes that illustrated this search. 'A reason for hope: stories and real life experiences' illustrated how women sought hope for a viable pregnancy through others. 'Becoming the expert,' captures how women gave advice from their own experiences. 'A safe place to share' and 'connecting to empathic support' illustrates how women used this medium for long distance support.


CONCLUSIONS
internet discussion forums were used by women to seek hope and support they were not receiving from their health professionals. Women urged each other to remain hopeful despite a negative medical prognosis. There was an acceptance of a lay expertise within the forums that was valid enough to challenge medical expertise.


CONCLUSIONS
health practitioners may need education that helps them balance their delivery of medical information with hope in order to increase feelings of trust. With women seeing the Internet as a useful form of support, it may be relevant for practitioners to consider recommending relevant Internet sites and discuss this with women.
Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. Electronic address: Debra.betts@nzsao.com.
Debra
D
Betts
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. Electronic address: h.dahlen@uws.edu.au.
Hannah G
HG
Dahlen
Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. Electronic address: caroline.smith@uws.edu.au.
Caroline A
CA
Smith
D000033:Abortion, Threatened / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D065026:Hope; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008880:Midwifery; D011247:Pregnancy; D012944:Social Support
Internet forums; Pregnancy loss; Thematic analysis; Threatened miscarriage