[Contribution of the kidney to glucose homeostasis].
The kidney is involved in glucose homeostasis through three major mechanisms: renal gluconeogenesis, renal glucose consumption, and glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Glucose reabsorption is one of the most important physiological functions of the kidney, allowing full recovery of filtered glucose, elimination of glucose from the urine, and prevention of calorie loss. Approximately 90% of the glucose is reabsorbed in the S1 segment of the proximal tubule, where glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) and sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) are located, while the remaining 10% is reabsorbed in the S3 segment by SGLT1 and GLUT1 transporters. In patients with hyperglycemia, the kidney continues to reabsorb glucose, thus maintaining hyperglycemia. Most of the renal glucose reabsorption is mediated by SGLT2. Several experimental and clinical studies suggest that pharmacological blockade of this transporter might be beneficial in the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España. Electronic address: hta@juliansegura.com.
Julián
J
Segura
Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
Luis Miguel
LM
Ruilope
D000042:Absorption; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495680:SLC2A2 protein, human; C089180:SLC5A2 protein, human; D051297:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; D000077203:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; D005947:Glucose
Diabetes tipo 2; Glucose homeostasis; Homeostasis de la glucosa; Reabsorción renal de glucosa; Renal glucose reabsortion; Type 2 diabetes