Strategic and non-strategic problem gamblers differ on decision-making under risk and ambiguity.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse problem gamblers' decision-making under conditions of risk and ambiguity, investigate underlying psychological factors associated with their choice behaviour and examine whether decision-making differed in strategic (e.g., sports betting) and non-strategic (e.g., electronic gaming machine) problem gamblers.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Out-patient treatment centres and university testing facilities in Victoria, Australia.


METHODS
Thirty-nine problem gamblers and 41 age, gender and estimated IQ-matched controls.


METHODS
Decision-making tasks included the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and a loss aversion task. The Prospect Valence Learning (PVL) model was used to provide an explanation of cognitive, motivational and response style factors involved in IGT performance.


RESULTS
Overall, problem gamblers performed more poorly than controls on both the IGT (P = 0.04) and the loss aversion task (P = 0.01), and their IGT decisions were associated with heightened attention to gains (P = 0.003) and less consistency (P = 0.002). Strategic problem gamblers did not differ from matched controls on either decision-making task, but non-strategic problem gamblers performed worse on both the IGT (P = 0.006) and the loss aversion task (P = 0.02). Furthermore, we found differences in the PVL model parameters underlying strategic and non-strategic problem gamblers' choices on the IGT.


CONCLUSIONS
Problem gamblers demonstrated poor decision-making under conditions of risk and ambiguity. Strategic (e.g. sports betting, poker) and non-strategic (e.g. electronic gaming machines) problem gamblers differed in decision-making and the underlying psychological processes associated with their decisions.
School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.
Felicity K
FK
Lorains
Nicki A
NA
Dowling
Peter G
PG
Enticott
John L
JL
Bradshaw
Jennifer S
JS
Trueblood
Julie C
JC
Stout
D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012201:Reward; D012306:Risk; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014739:Victoria
Ambiguity; decision-making; loss aversion; problem gambling; reward processing; risk-taking