Characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients refused to ICU.
BACKGROUND
There are few data regarding the process of deciding which elderly patients are refused to ICU admission, their characteristics, and outcome.


METHODS
Prospective longitudinal observational cohort study. We included all consecutive patients older than 75 years, who were evaluated for admission to but were refused to treatment in ICU, during 18 months, with 12-month followup. We collected demographic data, ICU admission/refusal reasons, previous functional and cognitive status, comorbidity, severity of illness, and hospital and 12-month mortality.


RESULTS
338 elderly patients were evaluated for ICU admission and 88 were refused to ICU (26%). Patients refused because they were "too ill to benefit" had more comorbidity and worse functional and mental situation than those admitted to ICU; there were no differences in illness severity. Hospital mortality rate of the whole study cohort was 36.3%, higher in patients "too ill to benefit" (55.6% versus 35.8%, P < 0.01), which also have higher 1-year mortality (73.7% versus 42.5%, P < 0.01). High comorbidity, low functional status, unavailable ICU beds, and age were associated with refusal decision on multivariate analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
Prior functional status and comorbidity, not only the age or severity of illness, can help us more to make the right decision of admitting or refusing to ICU patients older than 75 years.
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
María-Consuelo
MC
Pintado
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
Patricia
P
Villa
Palliative Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
Natalia
N
González-García
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
Jimena
J
Luján
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
Rocío
R
Molina
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
María
M
Trascasa
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
Esther
E
López-Ramos
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
Cristina
C
Martínez
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
José-Andrés
JA
Cambronero
Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera Alcalá-Meco, s/n, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain ; Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
Raúl
R
de Pablo
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016079:Refusal to Treat; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology