Marine mammal audibility of selected shallow-water survey sources.
Most attention about the acoustic effects of marine survey sound sources on marine mammals has focused on airgun arrays, with other common sources receiving less scrutiny. Sound levels above hearing threshold (sensation levels) were modeled for six marine mammal species and seven different survey sources in shallow water. The model indicated that odontocetes were most likely to hear sounds from mid-frequency sources (fishery, communication, and hydrographic systems), mysticetes from low-frequency sources (sub-bottom profiler and airguns), and pinnipeds from both mid- and low-frequency sources. High-frequency sources (side-scan and multibeam) generated the lowest estimated sensation levels for all marine mammal species groups.
JASCO Applied Sciences (Canada) Ltd., 2305-4464 Markham Street, Victoria , British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada Alex.Macgillivray@jasco.com, Roberto.Racca@jasco.com, Zizheng.Li@jasco.com.
Alexander O
AO
MacGillivray
JASCO Applied Sciences (Canada) Ltd., 2305-4464 Markham Street, Victoria , British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada Alex.Macgillivray@jasco.com, Roberto.Racca@jasco.com, Zizheng.Li@jasco.com.
Roberto
R
Racca
JASCO Applied Sciences (Canada) Ltd., 2305-4464 Markham Street, Victoria , British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada Alex.Macgillivray@jasco.com, Roberto.Racca@jasco.com, Zizheng.Li@jasco.com.
Zizheng
Z
Li
D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D010872:Caniformia / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D002591:Cetacea / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006309:Hearing; D008322:Mammals / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009622:Noise; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011312:Pressure; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
D014867:Water