Distractor interference during a choice limb reaching task.
According to action-centered models of attention, the patterns of distractor interference that emerge in selective reaching tasks are related to the time and effort required to resolve a race for activation between competing target and non-target response producing processes. Previous studies have only used unimanual aiming tasks and, as such, only examined the effects of competition that occurs within a limb. The results of studies using unimanual aiming movements often reveal an "ipsilateral effect"--distractors on the same side of space as the effector cause greater interference than distractors on the opposite side of space. The cost of the competition when response selection is between the limbs has yet to be addressed. Participants in the present study executed reaching movements to 1 of 4 (2 left, 2 right) possible target locations with and without a distractor. Participants made ipsilateral reaches (left hand to left targets, right hand to right targets). In contrast to studies using unimanual aiming movements, a "contralateral effect" was observed; distractors affording responses for the other hand (in contralateral space) caused more interference than distractors affording responses for the same hand. The findings from the present research demonstrate that when certain portions of response planning must be resolved prior to response initiation, distractors that code for that dimension cause the greatest interference.
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Matthew
M
Ray
Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Daniel
D
Weeks
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Timothy N
TN
Welsh
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult