Homebirth and the future child.
Debate around homebirth typically focuses on the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity--the primary focus is on deaths. There is little discussion on the risk of long-term disability to the future child. We argue that maternal and perinatal mortality are truly tragic outcomes, but focusing disproportionately on them overshadows the importance of harm to a future child created by avoidable, foreseeable disability. The interests of future children are of great moral importance. Both professionals and pregnant women have an ethical obligation to minimize risk of long-term harm to the future child; harm to people who will exist is a clear and uncontroversial morally relevant harm. The medical literature does not currently adequately address the risk of long-term disability, which is at least as relevant as other outcomes. The choice of place of elective birth (home, hospital or other) may only be justified if it does not expose the future child to an unreasonable increased risk of avoidable disability. Doctors' duty of care for the life of the pregnant woman and her fetus may be overridden by the woman's choices. But further research is required to document the prevalence of long term avoidable disability associated with different birth place choices. Couples should be informed of this risk and doctors should attempt to dissuade couples when they elect a place of birth that puts the health and well-being of the future child at risk.
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Faculty of Philosophy, The Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Oxford, UK.
Lachlan
L
de Crespigny
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Faculty of Philosophy, The Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, Oxford, UK.
Julian
J
Savulescu
D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000941:ethics*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D008880:Midwifery; D028681:Moral Obligations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D037841:Pregnant People; D064186:Prenatal Education / Q000941:ethics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
Future Child Disability; Homebirth; Maternal Mortality; Perinatal Morbidity; Perinatal Mortality