Modulation of antioxidant enzymatic activities by certain antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate): evidence in humans and experimental models.
It is estimated that at least 100 million people worldwide will suffer from epilepsy at some point in their lives. This neurological disorder induces brain death due to the excessive liberation of glutamate, which activates the postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, which in turn cause the reuptake of intracellular calcium (excitotoxicity). This excitotoxicity elicits a series of events leading to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several studies in experimental models and in humans have demonstrated that certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) exhibit antioxidant effects by modulating the activity of various enzymes associated with this type of stress. Considering the above-mentioned data, we aimed to compile evidence elucidating how AEDs such as valproic acid (VPA), oxcarbazepine (OXC), and topiramate (TPM) modulate oxidative stress.
Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Pediatrics, 04530 DF, Mexico.
Noemí
N
Cárdenas-Rodríguez
Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Pediatrics, 04530 DF, Mexico.
Elvia
E
Coballase-Urrutia
Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics, 04530 DF, Mexico.
Liliana
L
Rivera-Espinosa
Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Pediatrics, 04530 DF, Mexico.
Arantxa
A
Romero-Toledo
Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University City, UNAM, 04150 DF, Mexico.
Aristides
A
Sampieri
Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, National Institute of Pediatrics, 04530 DF, Mexico.
Daniel
D
Ortega-Cuellar
Service of Endocrinology, National Institute of Pediatrics, 04530 DF, Mexico.
Hortencia
H
Montesinos-Correa
Section of Research and Graduate Studies, IPN, 11430 DF, Mexico.
Esaú
E
Floriano-Sánchez
Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Pediatrics, 04530 DF, Mexico.
Liliana
L
Carmona-Aparicio
D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D000077236:Topiramate; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine