Ultrasound mediated transdermal drug delivery.
Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery methods of oral administration and injections. However, the stratum corneum serves as a barrier that limits the penetration of substances to the skin. Application of ultrasound (US) irradiation to the skin increases its permeability (sonophoresis) and enables the delivery of various substances into and through the skin. This review presents the main findings in the field of sonophoresis in transdermal drug delivery as well as transdermal monitoring and the mathematical models associated with this field. Particular attention is paid to the proposed enhancement mechanisms and future trends in the fields of cutaneous vaccination and gene therapy.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Aharon
A
Azagury
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Luai
L
Khoury
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Giora
G
Enden
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. Electronic address: kost@bgu.ac.il.
Joseph
J
Kost
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014465:Ultrasonics
Models and simulations; Safety; Sonophoresis; Synergistic effects of ultrasound; Transdermal drug delivery; Transport phenomena; Ultrasound