A simple recirculating flow system for the calibration of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS): effect of flow rate on different water pollutants.
A calibration system for POCIS was developed and used to calculate the sampling rates of eight analytes belonging to pesticides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perfluorinated compounds: atrazine, propazine, terbutylazine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate. Experiments with a linear velocity of 2.0, 5.1, 10.2 and 15.3 cm/s were carried out for 96 h using two different analyte concentrations. POCIS extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using multiple reaction monitoring to maximize sensitivity. Results highlighted that the calculated sampling rates are rather constant at the considered concentrations and flow rates. Obtained values of sampling rates were then employed to calculate Time-Weighted Average concentration of the analytes in river and drinking waters.
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
Marina
M
Di Carro
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
Luca
L
Bono
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: emanuele.magi@unige.it.
Emanuele
E
Magi
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D060766:Drinking Water; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS); Polar organic micropollutant; Sampling rate; Time-Weighted Average concentration (TWA); Water monitoring