Effects of recycling and bonding agent application on bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets.
OBJECTIVE
1) to assess different methods of recycling orthodontic brackets, 2) to evaluate Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of (a) new, (b) recycled and (c) repeated recycled stainless steel brackets (i) with and (ii) without bracket base primer.


METHODS
A total of 180 extracted human premolar teeth and 180 premolar stainless steel brackets were used. One hundred teeth and 100 brackets were divided into five groups of 20-teeth each. Four methods of recycling orthodontic brackets were used in each of the first four groups while the last one (group V) was used as the control. Groups (I-V) were subjected to shear force within half an hour until the brackets debond. SBS was measured and the method showing the highest SBS was selected. A New group (VI) was recycled twice with the selected method. Six subgroups (1-6) were established; the primer was applied for three sub-groups, and the composite was applied for all brackets. Brackets were subjected to the same shear force, and SBS was measured for all sub-groups.


RESULTS
There was a significant difference between the mean SBS of the sandblasting method and the means of SBS of each of the other three methods. There was however, no significant difference between the mean SBS of the new bracket and the mean SBS of recycled bracket using sandblasting. The mean SBS of all sub-groups were more than that recommended by Reynolds (17) in 1975. Brackets with primer showed slightly higher SBS compared to those of brackets without bonding agent.


CONCLUSIONS
To decrease cost, sandblasted recycled orthodontic brackets can be used as an alternative to new brackets. It is recommended to apply a bonding agent on the bracket base to provide greater bond strength. Key words:Recycled bracket, shear bond strength, sandblasting, stainless steel orthodontic bracket.
PhD Candidate, Centre of Studies for Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Faisal I
FI
Bahnasi
PhD Candidate, Centre of Studies for Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Aida Na
AN
Abd-Rahman
PhD Candidate, Centre of Studies for Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohame I
MI
Abu-Hassan