[Use of sedation in the palliative care situation by respiratory physicians].
BACKGROUND
The prognosis of advanced stage chronic lung disease, including lung cancer, is often poor and associated with uncomfortable symptoms for the patient, especially in the end of life phase. In the case of intolerable symptoms, refractory to maximal treatment, sedation may then be considered. This is sometimes a source of confusion and difficulty for clinicians who need to know the official guidelines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of sedation by respiratory physicians, in order to understand their difficulties in these complex situations.


METHODS
The study was conducted using semi-structured, anonymous interviews of volunteers. The topics discussed included their definition of sedation, its indications, their possible difficulties or reluctance in using it, the information given to the patient and the traceability of the sedation prescription.


RESULTS
All respiratory physicians agreed to participate in the study, indicating a major interest in this topic. No sedation decision is taken without careful consideration. The majority of physicians understand the difference between anxiolysis and sedation, most defining the latter as using a drug to sedate a patient faced with uncontrollable symptoms. All doctors refused to link sedation to euthanasia, although half expressed a feeling of causality between sedation and the patient's death - knowing that few consider the possibility of transient sedation. The main reluctance among doctors is in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Any decision concerning sedation should be discussed beforehand with the care team and the resident in charge of the patient, but not necessarily with another colleague. There is rarely evidence of this discussion in the medical records or of the information given to the patient and his family, thus increasing the difficulties of decision-making, especially at nights or weekends. The decision to start sedation is seen as difficult because it presupposes that a life-threatening short-term prognosis has been already been given to the patient.


CONCLUSIONS
In this medical population, already aware of palliative care issues, the majority of respiratory physicians know the definition, the indications for sedation and the principles of collective decision, but few are aware of the need of regular reappraisal of the sedation, to record it, and of its potential reversibility. There is, therefore, a clear need for regular and further training of clinicians to improve their professional practice.
Équipe mobile d'accompagnement et de soins palliatifs, centre hospitalier du Mans, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France. Electronic address: al.cariou@yahoo.fr.
A-L
AL
Grijol-Cariou
Service des maladies respiratoires, centre hospitalier du Mans, 72000 Le Mans, France.
F
F
Goupil
Équipe mobile d'accompagnement et de soins de support et palliatifs, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France.
P
P
Hubault
Équipe mobile d'accompagnement et de soins palliatifs, centre hospitalier du Mans, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France.
J
J
Jouanneau
D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D003657:Decision Making; D030881:Disclosure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
End of life; Enquête; Fin de vie; Palliative care; Pneumologues; Respiratory physicians; Sedation; Soins palliatifs; Survey; Sédation