Application of high-intensity focused ultrasound to the study of mild traumatic brain injury.
Though intrinsically of much higher frequency than open-field blast overpressures, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) pulse trains can be frequency modulated to produce a radiation pressure having a similar form. In this study, 1.5-MHz HIFU pulse trains of 1-ms duration were applied to intact skulls of mice in vivo and resulted in blood-brain barrier disruption and immune responses (astrocyte reactivity and microglial activation). Analyses of variance indicated that 24 h after HIFU exposure, staining density for glial fibrillary acidic protein was elevated in the parietal and temporal regions of the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum and hippocampus, and staining density for the microglial marker, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, was elevated 2 and 24 h after exposure in the corpus callosum and hippocampus (all statistical test results, p < 0.05). HIFU shows promise for the study of some bio-effect aspects of blast-related, non-impact mild traumatic brain injuries in animals.
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: Joseph.McCabe@usuhs.edu.
Joseph T
JT
McCabe
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Chantal
C
Moratz
Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, USA.
Yunbo
Y
Liu
The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Ellen
E
Burton
The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Amy
A
Morgan
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Craig
C
Budinich
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dennell
D
Lowe
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
John
J
Rosenberger
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
HuaZhen
H
Chen
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jiong
J
Liu
Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, USA.
Matthew
M
Myers
D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005070:Evans Blue; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D005070:Evans Blue
Animal models; Blast injury; Blood–brain barrier; High-intensity focused ultrasound; Mouse; Traumatic brain injury