PELP1 oncogenic functions involve alternative splicing via PRMT6.
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a proto-oncogene that functions as coactivator of the estrogen receptor and is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter survival of breast cancer patients. The dysregulation of PELP1 in breast cancer has been implicated in oncogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Although several aspects of PELP1 have been studied, a complete list of PELP1 target genes remains unknown, and the molecular mechanisms of PELP1 mediated oncogenesis remain elusive. In this study, we have performed a whole genome analysis to profile the PELP1 transcriptome by RNA-sequencing and identified 318 genes as PELP1 regulated genes. Pathway analysis revealed that PELP1 modulates several pathways including the molecular mechanisms of cancer, estrogen signaling, and breast cancer progression. Interestingly, RNA-seq analysis also revealed that PELP1 regulates the expression of several genes involved in alternative splicing. Accordingly, the PELP1 regulated genome includes several uniquely spliced isoforms. Mechanistic studies show that PELP1 binds RNA with a preference to poly-C, co-localizes with the splicing factor SC35 at nuclear speckles, and participates in alternative splicing. Further, PELP1 interacts with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 and modifies PRMT6 functions. Inhibition of PRMT6 reduced PELP1-mediated estrogen receptor activation, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. PELP1 and PRMT6 are co-recruited to estrogen receptor target genes, PELP1 knockdown affects the enrichment of histone H3R2 di-methylation, and PELP1 and PRMT6 coordinate to regulate the alternative splicing of genes involved in cancer. Collectively, our data suggest that PELP1 oncogenic functions involve alternative splicing leading to the activation of unique pathways that support tumor progression and that the PELP1-PRMT6 axis may be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
The Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Electronic address: Mannm3@livemail.uthscsa.edu.
Monica
M
Mann
Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Electronic address: zou@uthscsa.edu.
Yi
Y
Zou
Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Electronic address: cheny8@uthscsa.edu.
Yidong
Y
Chen
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Electronic address: dbrann@gru.edu.
Darrell
D
Brann
The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. Electronic address: vadlamudi@uthscsa.edu.
Ratna
R
Vadlamudi
D017398:Alternative Splicing; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; C438485:PELP1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014157:Transcription Factors; C447833:PRMT6 protein, human; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases
Alternative splicing; Breast cancer; Epigenetics; PELP1; PRMT6