The ESCRT machinery: from the plasma membrane to endosomes and back again.
The manipulation and reorganization of lipid bilayers are required for diverse cellular processes, ranging from organelle biogenesis to cytokinetic abscission, and often involves transient membrane disruption. A set of membrane-associated proteins collectively known as the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery has been implicated in membrane scission steps, which transform a single, continuous bilayer into two distinct bilayers, while simultaneously segregating cargo throughout the process. Components of the ESCRT pathway, which include 5 distinct protein complexes and an array of accessory factors, each serve discrete functions. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which the ESCRT proteins facilitate cargo sequestration and membrane remodeling and highlights their unique roles in cellular homeostasis.
Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI , USA.
Amber L
AL
Schuh
Anjon
A
Audhya
D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D048749:Cytokinesis; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D021381:Protein Transport; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D025801:Ubiquitin
Abscission; ESCRT; intralumenal vesicle; multivesicular endosome; ubiquitin