Effect of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Apoptosis in AGS Cells.
Plastic products are wildly used in human life. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an essential additive in plastic manufacturing and is used as plasticizer for many products including plastic food packaging. DEHP is a teratogenic compound and can cause potent reproductive toxicity. DEHP can also cause liver damage, peroxisome proliferation, and carcinogenesis. DEHP is also strongly associated with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer; however, the underlying effect and mechanism of DEHP on the gastrointestinal tract are not entirely clear. The oral infection route of H. pylori parallels the major ingestion route of DEHP into the human body. Therefore, we wanted to study the effect of DEHP and H. pylori exposure on the human gastric epithelial cell line, AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma). The viability of the AGS cell line was significantly lower in 80  μ M-DEHP and H. pylori (MOI = 100 : 1) coexposure than DEHP or H. pylori alone. DEHP and H. pylori coexposure also induced caspase-3 activation, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and DNA fragmentation in AGS cells. These results indicate that DEHP can enhance H. pylori cytotoxicity and induce gastric epithelial cell apoptosis. Therefore, it is possible that DEHP and H. pylori coexposure might enhance the disruption of the gastric mucosa integrity and potentially promote the pathogenesis of gastric carcinogenesis.
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
Chuang-Hao
CH
Lin
Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan.
Chien-Yi
CY
Wu
School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
Hwang-Shang
HS
Kou
Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
Chiao-Yun
CY
Chen
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Meng-Chuan
MC
Huang
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
Huang-Ming
HM
Hu
Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan.
Meng-Chieh
MC
Wu
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
Chien-Yu
CY
Lu
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan ; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
Deng-Chyang
DC
Wu
Graduate Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
Ming-Tsang
MT
Wu
Graduate Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 840, Taiwan.
Fu-Chen
FC
Kuo