Modulation of angiogenesis by thyroid hormone and hormone analogues: implications for cancer management.
Acting via a cell surface receptor on integrin αvβ3, thyroid hormone is pro-angiogenic. Nongenomic mechanisms of actions of the hormone and hormone analogues at αvβ3 include modulation of activities of multiple vascular growth factor receptors and their ligands (vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor), as well as of angiogenic chemokines (CX3 family). Thyroid hormone also may increase activity of small molecules that support neovascularization (bradykinin, angiotensin II) and stimulate endothelial cell motility. Therapeutic angio-inhibition in the setting of cancer may be opposed by endogenous thyroid hormone, particularly when a single vascular growth factor is the treatment target. This may be a particular issue in management of aggressive or recurrent tumors. It is desirable to have access to chemotherapies that affect multiple steps in angiogenesis and to examine as alternatives in aggressive cancers the induction of subclinical hypothyroidism or use of antagonists of the αvβ3 thyroid hormone receptor that are under development.
Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA, shaker.mousa@acphs.edu.
Shaker A
SA
Mousa
Hung-Yun
HY
Lin
Heng Yuan
HY
Tang
Aleck
A
Hercbergs
Mary K
MK
Luidens
Paul J
PJ
Davis
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D013963:Thyroid Hormones