Psychosocial factors at work and blood-borne exposure among nurses.
BACKGROUND
Exposure to human blood and body fluids is a common risk for nurses. Many factors can affect the prevalence and incidence of this occupational hazard. Psychosocial factors at work may be a risk factor for the exposure.


OBJECTIVE
To assess needle stick, sharp injury and mucus exposure to blood-borne pathogens among nurses in Iran and to determine the association between these exposures and psychosocial factors at work.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on nurses in a public hospital, Tehran, Iran. 364 nurses received and 339 completed and returned a self-reported questionnaire containing demographic data, history of exposure to blood-borne pathogens at work during previous year and the General Nordic questionnaire for psychological and social factors at work (QPS Nordic 34+ Questionnaire).


RESULTS
Of 339 participants, 197 (58.1%) reported needle-stick injury, 186 (54.6%) reported another type of sharp injury, and 112 (33%) reported a mucous membrane exposure during the previous year. More than half of the participants who had history of exposure, had not reported it. Those with middle or high level of stress had higher crude and adjusted odds than those with lower stress for all kinds of exposure. Adjusted odds ratios for high stress group (ranging from 2.8 to 4.4) were statistically different from 1.


CONCLUSIONS
There is a high prevalence of needle-stick and sharp injury and mucous membrane exposure to patients' blood or body fluids among studied nurses. There is a significant association between increasing psychosocial factors at work and exposure to blood-borne pathogens among this group of nurses.
Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Research Fellow, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. raminmehrdad@yahoo.com.
R
R
Mehrdad
E H
EH
Atkins
S A
SA
Sharifian
G
G
Pouryaghoub
D000328:Adult; D001826:Body Fluids; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires