Mucosa-associated bacterial microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of weaned pigs and dynamics linked to dietary calcium-phosphorus.
Dietary composition largely influences pig's gastrointestinal microbiota and represents a useful prophylactic tool against enteric disturbances in young pigs. Despite the importance for host-microbe interactions and bacterial colonization, dietary responses of the mucosa-associated bacterial communities are less well investigated. In the present study, we characterized the mucosa-associated bacterial communities at the Pars non-glandularis of the stomach, ileum and colon, and identified shifts in these communities in response to different dietary calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) contents (100% versus 190% of the Ca and P requirements) in combination with two basal diets (wheat-barley- or corn-based) in weaned pigs. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes from 93 mucosal samples yielded 447,849 sequences, clustering into 997 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity level. OTUs were assigned to 198 genera belonging to 14 different phyla. Correlation-based networks revealed strong interactions among OTUs at the various gastrointestinal sites. Our data describe a previously not reported high diversity and species richness at the Pars non-glandularis of the stomach in weaned pigs. Moreover, high versus adequate Ca-P content significantly promoted Lactobacillus by 14.9% units (1.4 fold change) at the gastric Pars non-glandularis (P = 0.035). Discriminant analysis revealed dynamic changes in OTU composition in response to dietary cereals and Ca-P contents at all gastrointestinal sites which were less distinguishable at higher taxonomic levels. Overall, this study revealed a distinct mucosa-associated bacterial community at the different gut sites, and a strong effect of high Ca-P diets on the gastric community, thereby markedly expanding our comprehension on mucosa-associated microbiota and their diet-related dynamics in weaned pigs.
Institute of Milk Hygiene, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Research Cluster 'Animal Gut Health', Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Evelyne
E
Mann
Institute of Milk Hygiene, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Research Cluster 'Animal Gut Health', Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Stephan
S
Schmitz-Esser
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Research Cluster 'Animal Gut Health', Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Qendrim
Q
Zebeli
Institute of Milk Hygiene, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Research Cluster 'Animal Gut Health', Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Martin
M
Wagner
Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Research Cluster 'Animal Gut Health', Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Mathias
M
Ritzmann
Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Research Cluster 'Animal Gut Health', Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Barbara U
BU
Metzler-Zebeli
D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D064307:Microbiota; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D013552:Swine; D014886:Weaning
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S