Bisphenol A (BPA) Found in Humans and Water in Three Geographic Regions with Distinctly Different Levels of Economic Development.
The suspected endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with the manufacture, distribution, and use of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics; thus, studies of this compound have focused primarily on urban areas in developed countries. This small study investigating urinary BPA of 109 people was conducted in the urban United States, urban Jamaica, and rural Ghana. Additionally, local drinking and surface water samples were collected and analyzed from areas near study participants. Levels of BPA in both urine and water were comparable among all three sites. Thus, future studies of BPA should consider expanding investigations to rural areas not typically associated with the compound.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Vytas P
VP
Karalius
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Justin E
JE
Harbison
Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Jacob
J
Plange-Rhule
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Richard B
RB
van Breemen
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Guannan
G
Li
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ke
K
Huang
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ramon A
RA
Durazo-Arvizu
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nallely
N
Mora
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Lara R
LR
Dugas
Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Lane
L
Vail
Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nancy C
NC
Tuchman
Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies-Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
Terrence
T
Forrester
Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Amy
A
Luke
bisphenol A; rural; urban; urine; water