TOP 1 and 2, polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale, inhibit NFκB-mediated inflammation and accelerate Nrf2-induced antioxidative potential through the modulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of polysaccharides from Taraxacum officinale (TOP 1 and 2) were analyzed in RAW 264.7 cells. First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to identify anti-inflammatory activity of TOPs, which reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. TOPs treatment inhibited phosphorylation of inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)κB, and its upstream signaling molecule, PI3K/Akt. Second, cytoprotective potential of TOPs against oxidative stress was investigated via heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction. HO-1, one of phase II enzymes shows antioxidative activity, was potently induced by TOPs treatment, which was in accordance with the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, TOPs treatment phosphorylated PI3K/Akt with slight activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). TOPs-mediated HO-1 induction protected macrophage cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death, which was confirmed by SnPP and CoPP (HO-1 inhibitor and inducer, respectively). Consequently, TOPs potently inhibited NFκB-mediated inflammation and accelerated Nrf2-mediated antioxidative potential through the modulation of PI3K/Akt pathway, which would contribute to their promising strategy for novel anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Chung Mu
CM
Park
School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
Chung Won
CW
Cho
Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: fdsnsong@inje.ac.kr.
Young Sun
YS
Song
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D031205:Taraxacum / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D011134:Polysaccharides; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidative; NFκB; Nrf2; PI3KAkt; Taraxacum officinale polysaccharide