Chemometric resolution approaches in characterisation of volatile constituents in Plantago ovata seeds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: methodology and performance assessment.
BACKGROUND
Comprehensive chemical profiling of herbal medicines (HMs) is a major challenge in chemical characterisation of source materials. Many analytical platforms such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been applied to the characterisation. However, the great complexity of analytical results has been an obstacle. Chemometric resolution methods as a supplementary tool for data processing are proposed for solving this problem.


OBJECTIVE
To develop and demonstrate the ability of chemometric techniques in the characterisation of volatile components in herbal medicines.


METHODS
The volatile components of Plantago ovata were extracted using a solvent extraction method. GC-MS analysis were performed using an Agilent HP-6890 gas chromatograph equipped with a HP-5MS capillary, interfaced with an Agilent HP- 5973 mass selective detector. Resolved spectra were identified by matching against the standard mass spectral database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).


RESULTS
Results of this study show that the 71 constituents that are qualitatively recognised represent 94.53% of the total relative content of constituents from Plantago ovata oil, whereas without applying the chemometric methods only 51 constituents were recognised by direct searching utilising a mass database. In addition the presence of valuable components such as thymol, 2,4-decadienal, linoleic acid and oleic acid in Plantago ovata oil has been demonstrated.


CONCLUSIONS
GC-MS combined with chemometric resolution methods, such as multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), will provide a reliable means for rapid and accurate analyses of unknown complicated practical systems.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Hooman
H
Seifi
Saeed
S
Masoum
Soodabe
S
Seifi
Ebrahim Haghir
EH
Ebrahimabadi
D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010943:Plantago / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
Chemometrics; GC-MS; Plantago ovata; multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares; rotational ambiguities