The potential and hurdles of targeted alpha therapy - clinical trials and beyond.
This article presents a general discussion on what has been achieved so far and on the possible future developments of targeted alpha (α)-particle therapy (TAT). Clinical applications and potential benefits of TAT are addressed as well as the drawbacks, such as the limited availability of relevant radionuclides. Alpha-particles have a particular advantage in targeted therapy because of their high potency and specificity. These features are due to their densely ionizing track structure and short path length. The most important consequence, and the major difference compared with the more widely used β(-)-particle emitters, is that single targeted cancer cells can be killed by self-irradiation with α-particles. Several clinical trials on TAT have been reported, completed, or are on-going: four using (213)Bi, two with (211)At, two with (225)Ac, and one with (212)Pb/(212)Bi. Important and conceptual proof-of-principle of the therapeutic advantages of α-particle therapy has come from clinical studies with (223)Ra-dichloride therapy, showing clear benefits in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France ; INSERM, U896 , Montpellier , France ; Université Montpellier 1 , Montpellier , France ; Institut Régional de Cancérologie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France.
Jörgen
J
Elgqvist
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA , USA.
Sofia
S
Frost
IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France ; INSERM, U896 , Montpellier , France ; Université Montpellier 1 , Montpellier , France ; Institut Régional de Cancérologie de Montpellier , Montpellier , France.
Jean-Pierre
JP
Pouget
Department of Oncology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
Per
P
Albertsson
alpha emitters; cancer; dosimetry; ovarian cancer; radionuclide therapy; targeted alpha therapy