Outcomes of Pneumocystis pneumonia with respiratory failure in HIV-negative patients.
OBJECTIVE
The outcomes and predictors of mortality from Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-negative patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) for respiratory failure were evaluated.


METHODS
This retrospective observational study enrolled 48 patients with PCP requiring MV in the medical intensive care unit (ICU). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.


RESULTS
The main conditions underlying the PCP were malignancies (60%) or post solid organ transplant (35%). Excluding four patients whose initial treatment was changed due to adverse reactions, 21 (44%) of 44 patients did not respond to the initial treatment. During the ICU stay, additional complications developed: shock in 22 (46%), ventilator-associated pneumonia in 16 (33%), and acute kidney injury in 15 (31%). Ultimately, 31 (65%) patients died while hospitalised. In multivariate analysis, hospital mortality was independently associated with severity of illness on ICU admission, failure of initial antimicrobial treatment for PCP, and newly developed shock during ICU stay.


CONCLUSIONS
PCP in HIV-negative patients requiring MV for respiratory failure remains a serious illness with high mortality. Failure of the initial antimicrobial treatment for PCP as well as severity of illness was independent predictors of poor outcomes.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Yousang
Y
Ko
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Byeong-Ho
BH
Jeong
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hye Yun
HY
Park
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Won-Jung
WJ
Koh
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Gee Young
GY
Suh
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Man Pyo
MP
Chung
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
O Jung
OJ
Kwon
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: kjeon@skku.edu.
Kyeongman
K
Jeon
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000150:complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012769:Shock / Q000150:complications
Neoplasms; Outcomes; Pneumocystis pneumonias; Respiratory insufficiency