Reactive gliosis and the multicellular response to CNS damage and disease.
The CNS is prone to heterogeneous insults of diverse etiologies that elicit multifaceted responses. Acute and focal injuries trigger wound repair with tissue replacement. Diffuse and chronic diseases provoke gradually escalating tissue changes. The responses to CNS insults involve complex interactions among cells of numerous lineages and functions, including CNS intrinsic neural cells, CNS intrinsic nonneural cells, and CNS extrinsic cells that enter from the circulation. The contributions of diverse nonneuronal cell types to outcome after acute injury, or to the progression of chronic disease, are of increasing interest as the push toward understanding and ameliorating CNS afflictions accelerates. In some cases, considerable information is available, in others, comparatively little, as examined and reviewed here.
Department of Neurobiology and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.
Joshua E
JE
Burda
Department of Neurobiology and Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA. Electronic address: sofroniew@mednet.ucla.edu.
Michael V
MV
Sofroniew
D000818:Animals; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005911:Gliosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology