Trunk axial rotation in baseball pitching and batting.
The purpose of this study was to quantify trunk axial rotation and angular acceleration in pitching and batting of elite baseball players. Healthy professional baseball pitchers (n = 40) and batters (n = 40) were studied. Reflective markers attached to each athlete were tracked at 240 Hz with an eight-camera automated digitizing system. Trunk axial rotation was computed as the angle between the pelvis and the upper trunk in the transverse plane. Trunk angular acceleration was the second derivative of axial rotation. Maximum trunk axial rotation (55 +/- 6 degrees) and angular acceleration (11,600 +/- 3,100 degrees/s2) in pitching occurred before ball release, approximately at the instant the front foot landed. Maximum trunk axial rotation (46 +/- 9 degrees) and angular acceleration (7,200 +/- 2,800 degrees/s2) in batting occurred in the follow-through after ball contact. Thus, the most demanding instant for the trunk and spine was near front foot contact for pitching and after ball contact for batting.
American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA. glennf@asmi.org
Glenn S
GS
Fleisig
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Wellington K
WK
Hsu
American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
Dave
D
Fortenbaugh
Andrews Sports Medicine & Orthopaedic Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Andrew
A
Cordover
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Spine and Sports Rehabilitation Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Joel M
JM
Press
D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D012399:Rotation; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*