DSM-5 disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: correlates and predictors in young children.
BACKGROUND
Despite the inclusion of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in DSM-5, little empirical data exist on the disorder. We estimated rates, co-morbidity, correlates and early childhood predictors of DMDD in a community sample of 6-year-olds.


METHODS
DMDD was assessed in 6-year-old children (n = 462) using a parent-reported structured clinical interview. Age 6 years correlates and age 3 years predictors were drawn from six domains: demographics; child psychopathology, functioning, and temperament; parental psychopathology; and the psychosocial environment.


RESULTS
The 3-month prevalence rate for DMDD was 8.2% (n = 38). DMDD occurred with an emotional or behavioral disorder in 60.5% of these children. At age 6 years, concurrent bivariate analyses revealed associations between DMDD and depression, oppositional defiant disorder, the Child Behavior Checklist - Dysregulation Profile, functional impairment, poorer peer functioning, child temperament (higher surgency and negative emotional intensity and lower effortful control), and lower parental support and marital satisfaction. The age 3 years predictors of DMDD at age 6 years included child attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, the Child Behavior Checklist - Dysregulation Profile, poorer peer functioning, child temperament (higher child surgency and negative emotional intensity and lower effortful control), parental lifetime substance use disorder and higher parental hostility.


CONCLUSIONS
A number of children met DSM-5 criteria for DMDD, and the diagnosis was associated with numerous concurrent and predictive indicators of emotional and behavioral dysregulation and poor functioning.
Department of Psychology,University of Maryland,College Park, MD,USA.
L R
LR
Dougherty
Department of Psychology,University of Maryland,College Park, MD,USA.
V C
VC
Smith
Department of Psychology,California State University San Marcos,San Marcos, CA,USA.
S J
SJ
Bufferd
Department of Psychiatry,Stony Brook School of Medicine,Stony Brook, NY,USA.
G A
GA
Carlson
Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK.
A
A
Stringaris
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch,National Institute of Mental Health,Bethesda, MD,USA.
E
E
Leibenluft
Department of Psychiatry,Stony Brook School of Medicine,Stony Brook, NY,USA.
D N
DN
Klein
D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D000066553:Problem Behavior; D013694:Temperament