Peptides in pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates from commercially available soy products that inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages.
The potential of pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates, from different foods, to inhibit inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages as an in vitro model was evaluated. Eight different products were digested sequentially with pepsin and pancreatin and were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory properties. Hydrolysates from strawberry-banana soymilk (SBH), mixed berry soymilk (MXH) and vanilla soymilk (SVMH) inhibited the production of nitric oxide (27.9%, 16.4% and 28.6%, respectively), interleukin-1β (26.3%, 39.5% and 21.6%, respectively) and tumour necrosis factor-α (50.2%, 47.5% and 33.3%, respectively). In addition, SBH, MXH and SVMH inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes: inducible nitric oxide synthase (66.7%, 65.1% and 88.0%, respectively) and cyclooxygenase-2 (62.0%, 69.9% and 40.6%, respectively). Bioactive peptides (RQRK and VIK) were generated. In conclusion, soymilk products can potentially be used to maintain health under inflammatory stress.
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Vermont P
VP
Dia
The WhiteWave Foods Company, 12002 Airport Way, Broomfield, CO 80021, USA.
Neal A
NA
Bringe
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: edemejia@illinois.edu.
Elvira G
EG
de Mejia
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000276:immunology; D010194:Pancreatin / Q000737:chemistry; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010455:Peptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010194:Pancreatin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010434:Pepsin A
Cyclooxygenase; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Inflammation; Pepsin–pancreatin hydrolysates; Soymilk