Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the dioecious Cannabis sativa with an XY chromosome sex determination system.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was karyotyped using by DAPI/C-banding staining to provide chromosome measurements, and by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes for 45 rDNA (pTa71), 5S rDNA (pCT4.2), a subtelomeric repeat (CS-1) and the Arabidopsis telomere probes. The karyotype has 18 autosomes plus a sex chromosome pair (XX in female and XY in male plants). The autosomes are difficult to distinguish morphologically, but three pairs could be distinguished using the probes. The Y chromosome is larger than the autosomes, and carries a fully heterochromatic DAPI positive arm and CS-1 repeats only on the less intensely DAPI-stained, euchromatic arm. The X is the largest chromosome of all, and carries CS-1 subtelomeric repeats on both arms. The meiotic configuration of the sex bivalent locates a pseudoautosomal region of the Y chromosome at the end of the euchromatic CS-1-carrying arm. Our molecular cytogenetic study of the C. sativa sex chromosomes is a starting point for helping to make C. sativa a promising model to study sex chromosome evolution.
Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
Mikhail G
MG
Divashuk
Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
Oleg S
OS
Alexandrov
Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
Olga V
OV
Razumova
Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
Ilya V
IV
Kirov
Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
Gennady I
GI
Karlov
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D002188:Cannabis / Q000235:genetics*; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D012730:Sex Chromosomes; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D016615:Telomere
D018744:DNA, Plant