Cellular interactions and biological responses to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in HepG2 and BEAS-2B cells: role of cell culture media.
We showed previously that exposure of human lung cells (BEAS-2B) to TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2 ) produced micronuclei (MN) only when the final concentration of protein in the cell-culture medium was at least 1%. Nanoparticles localize in the liver; thus, we exposed human liver cells (HepG2) to nano-TiO2 and found the same requirement for MN induction. Nano-TiO2 also formed small agglomerates in medium containing as little as 1% protein and caused cellular interaction as measured by side scatter by flow cytometry and DNA damage (comet assay) in HepG2 cells. Nano-TiO2 also increased the activity of the inflammatory factor NFkB but not of AP1 in a reporter-gene HepG2 cell line. Suspension of nano-TiO2 in medium containing 0.1% protein was sufficient for induction of MN by the nanoparticles in either BEAS-2B or HepG2 cells as long the final concentration of protein in the cell-culture medium was at least 1%.
Student Services Contractor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle, North Carolina; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Raju Y
RY
Prasad
Steven O
SO
Simmons
Micaela G
MG
Killius
Robert M
RM
Zucker
Andrew D
AD
Kligerman
Carl F
CF
Blackman
Rebecca C
RC
Fry
David M
DM
Demarini
D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003470:Culture Media; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D008156:Luciferases
comet assay; flow cytometry; micronucleus