Predicting synergistic toxicity of heavy metals and ionic liquids on photobacterium Q67.
Results from three mathematical approaches to predict the toxicity of uniform design mixtures of four heavy metals (HMs) including Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) and six ionic liquids (ILs) were compared to the observed toxicity of these mixtures on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. Single toxicity analysis indicated that the ILs had greater toxicity than the HMs. Combined toxicities of HMs and ILs were found to be synergistic. The combined toxicities were underestimated by concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. However, the mixture toxicities were effectively predicted by the integrated CA with IA based on multiple linear regression model (ICIM). We propose that ICIM model can serve as a useful tool for predicting the toxicity of interactive mixtures.
Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
Hui-Lin
HL
Ge
Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: ssliuhl@263.net.
Shu-Shen
SS
Liu
Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
Bing-Xia
BX
Su
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
Li-Tang
LT
Qin
D004357:Drug Synergism; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry
D052578:Ionic Liquids; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D062065:Wastewater
Concentration addition; ICIM model; Independent action; Synergism; Uniform design