Zebrafish forebrain and temporal conditioning.
The rise of zebrafish as a neuroscience research model organism, in conjunction with recent progress in single-cell resolution whole-brain imaging of larval zebrafish, opens a new window of opportunity for research on interval timing. In this article, we review zebrafish neuroanatomy and neuromodulatory systems, with particular focus on identifying homologies between the zebrafish forebrain and the mammalian forebrain. The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of interval timing is summarized with emphasis on the potential of using zebrafish to reveal the neural circuits for interval timing. The behavioural repertoire of larval zebrafish is reviewed and we demonstrate that larval zebrafish are capable of expecting a stimulus at a precise time point with minimal training. In conclusion, we propose that interval timing research using zebrafish and whole-brain calcium imaging at single-cell resolution will contribute to our understanding of how timing and time perception originate in the vertebrate brain from the level of single cells to circuits.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, , A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, #08-13 Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
Ruey-Kuang
RK
Cheng
Suresh J
SJ
Jesuthasan
Trevor B
TB
Penney
D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D019262:Habenula / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008322:Mammals / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D023421:Models, Animal; D008959:Models, Neurological; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
anticipatory response; corticostriatal circuits; habenula; interval timing; two-photon microscopy