Reduction of the livestock ammonia emission under the changing temperature during the initial manure nitrogen biomineralization.
Experimental data were applied for the modelling optimal cowshed temperature environment in laboratory test bench by a mass-flow method. The principal factor affecting exponent growth of ammonia emission was increasing air and manure surface temperature. With the manure temperature increasing from 4°C to 30°C, growth in the ammonia emission grew fourfold, that is, from 102 to 430 mg m(-2)h(-1). Especial risk emerges when temperature exceeds 20°C: an increase in temperature of 1°C contributes to the intensity of ammonia emission by 17 mg m(-2)h(-1). The temperatures of air and manure surface as well as those of its layers are important when analysing emission processes from manure. Indeed, it affects the processes occurring on the manure surface, namely, dehydration and crust formation. To reduce ammonia emission from cowshed, it is important to optimize the inner temperature control and to manage air circulation, especially at higher temperatures, preventing the warm ambient air from blowing direct to manure. Decrease in mean annual temperature of 1°C would reduce the annual ammonia emission by some 5.0%. The air temperature range varied between -15°C and 30°C in barns. The highest mean annual temperature (14.6°C) and ammonia emission (218 mg m(-2)h(-1)) were observed in the semideep cowshed.
Institute of Energy and Biotechnology Engineering, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas distr. 53361 Akademija, Lithuania.
Rolandas
R
Bleizgys
Institute of Energy and Biotechnology Engineering, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas distr. 53361 Akademija, Lithuania.
Indrė
I
Bagdonienė
Institute of Ecology and Environment, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Kaunas distr. 53361 Akademija, Lithuania.
Ligita
L
Baležentienė
D000392:Air Movements; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008097:Lithuania; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D008834:Microclimate; D008954:Models, Biological; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
D000393:Air Pollutants; D008372:Manure; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen