Hepatitis B virus X increases immune cell recruitment by induction of chemokine SDF-1.
Hepatitis B virus X protein is a major factor in the HBV-induced disease developments. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 is a small cytokine that is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes. We explored the role of HBx on recruitment of HBV-induced virus-nonspecific immune cells into liver. Immune cell recruitment and SDF-1 expression level significantly increased in livers of HBx-transgenic mice and X-box binding protein-1 significantly increased SDF-1 gene expression. Finally, we confirmed that immune cell recruitment into liver tissues of HBx-TG mice was diminished by a chemokine receptor antagonist. Therefore, HBx increases ER stress-dependent SDF-1 expression and induces HBV-induced immune cell recruitment into liver.
Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
Hyun Kook
HK
Cho
Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
So Young
SY
Kim
Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, and Program for Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Je Kyung
JK
Seong
Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: molecule85@pusan.ac.kr.
JaeHun
J
Cheong
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D015870:Gene Expression; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
C514936:CXCR4 protein, mouse; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605544:Xbp1 protein, mouse; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein
ER stress; HBx; Immune cell recruitment; SDF-1; XBP1