Differential time preferences for money and quality of life.
BACKGROUND
This study provides an empirical investigation into differential time preferences between money and quality of life. Thus far, time preference investigations in health have mostly involved life-years gained and lives saved. However, the quality-adjusted life-year, which is recommended by several bodies, is a multiplicative measure of life duration and quality of life. To our knowledge, our study is the first to follow this approach specifically for quality of life.


METHODS
A questionnaire was developed to elicit time preferences for quality of life and for money, and it was distributed to a representative sample of the Dutch population. We also investigated the impact of population characteristics, such as current health state, optimistic/pessimistic future views or gender, on time preferences.


RESULTS
We found that discount rates for both money and quality of life decrease with increasing time of delay, with rates of the former being consistently at least two times higher than those of the latter. Similar trends in time preferences were observed across the subgroups, with the exception of the relatively high education subgroup.


CONCLUSIONS
In agreement with the results of other studies, our empirically derived discount rates are higher than the rates featured in national guidelines for health care economic assessment. Our empirical study adds to the evidence for differential discounting, both with regards to money and health, as well as in time.
Department of Pharmacy, Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology & PharmacoEconomics (PE2), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
M B Y
MB
Parouty
H H
HH
Le
D
D
Krooshof
M J
MJ
Postma
D001294:Attitude to Health; D065786:Delay Discounting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors