Three-dimensional cell culture technique and pathophysiology.
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs consisting of human cells have opened a new avenue for tissue engineering, pharmaceutical and pathophysiological applications, and have great potential to estimate the dynamic pharmacological effects of drug candidates, metastasis processes of cancer cells, and toxicity expression of nano-materials, as a 3D-human tissue model instead of in vivo animal experiments. However, most 3D-cellular constructs are a cell spheroid, which is a heterogeneous aggregation, and thus the reconstruction of the delicate and precise 3D-location of multiple types of cells is almost impossible. In recent years, various novel technologies to develop complex 3D-human tissues including blood and lymph capillary networks have demonstrated that physiological human tissue responses can be replicated in the nano/micro-meter ranges. Here, we provide a brief overview on current 3D-tissue fabrication technologies and their biomedical applications. 3D-human tissue models will be a powerful technique for pathophysiological applications.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Michiya
M
Matsusaki
Bristol Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Clinical Science at North Bristol University of Bristol, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.
Charles Patrick
CP
Case
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: akashi@chem.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Mitsuru
M
Akashi
D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
3D constructs; Extracellular matrix; Human-tissue model; Layer-by-layer assembly; Nano-films; Vasculature