Health related quality of life in Dutch young adults: psychometric properties of the PedsQL generic core scales young adult version.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to provide Dutch norm data and to assess internal consistency and construct validity for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Young Adult Generic Core Scales (PedsQL_YA) in Dutch young adults aged 18-30 years.


METHODS
A sample of 649 young adults from the general Dutch population aged 18-30 years, stratified by age, sex, marital status and education, completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Dutch version of the PedsQL_YA online. Internal consistency of the PedsQL_YA scales was determined with Cronbach's alphas. Norm scores were obtained by calculating the mean PedsQL scale scores by gender, age and health status. Differences in scale scores were analyzed for gender, age and health status (construct validity) using two-sample t-tests and effect sizes were calculated. Construct validity was determined by testing differences in PedsQL scores between healthy young adults and young adults with chronic health conditions.


RESULTS
All scales of the PedsQL_YA showed satisfactory to excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alphas between .77 and .94. Men reported higher scores (indicating better HRQOL) than women on all scales (p < .01), except for school/work functioning. No age differences were found. Young adults with chronic health conditions scored lower on all scales (p < .001) than healthy young adults, indicating good construct validity. Effect sizes varied from medium to large.


CONCLUSIONS
The Dutch version of the PedsQL_YA has adequate psychometric properties. With the availability of reliable norm data, the PedsQL_YA can be used as a tool in the evaluation of health related quality of life in healthy young adults and those with a chronic health condition.
Perrine F
PF
Limperg
Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, A3-241, Postbox 22660 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands. l.haverman@amc.nl.
Lotte
L
Haverman
Hedy A
HA
van Oers
Marion A J
MA
van Rossum
Heleen
H
Maurice-Stam
Martha A
MA
Grootenhuis
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult