Balanced and unbalanced solutions modulate the release of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli: an in vitro study.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the effect of balanced (BS) and unbalanced (UBS) solutions in the absence or presence of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on neutrophil functionality, evaluating the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and MMP-8.


METHODS
Neutrophils were isolated by gradient centrifugation and dextran sedimentation and incubated in BS or UBS without or with HES, in the absence or presence of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MMP-9, MPO, and MMP-8 were assayed by commercially available ELISA kits.


RESULTS
There was not any influence of volume replacement solutions on the release of the enzymes from resting neutrophils. After IL-8 stimulation, the release of MMP-9 was higher in BS than in UBS or RPMI-1640, whereas HES enhanced its release regardless of the composition. After LPS stimulation, the release of MMP-9 was higher in both UBS and BS than RPMI-1640, but HES brought its release back to physiological conditions. No difference was found in the release of MPO and MMP-8 after stimulation with IL-8 or LPS.


CONCLUSIONS
Volume replacement solutions might have an impact on the release of MMP-9 depending on the inflammatory milieu, suggesting that the use of balanced or unbalanced solutions is not a neutral choice.
Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgery Sciences, University of Ferrara, Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Trentini
Tiziana
T
Bellini
Maria C
MC
Manfrinato
Franco
F
Dallocchio
Enrico
E
Fainardi
Raffele
R
Alvisi
Valentina
V
Alvisi
Carlo A
CA
Volta
D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012996:Solutions
D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012996:Solutions; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9