Vision, light and aging: a literature overview on older-age workers.
BACKGROUND
In many western countries individuals will need to continue their professional careers beyond the current retirement age. This requires adaptation of the working conditions to compensate for age related visual changes.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to compile and structure knowledge concerning age related changes in visual and non-visual functions among older-age workers and to describe in what way these changes relate to light and work performance.


METHODS
An overview of the literature was performed in PubMed and EMBASE concerning visual changes among elderly people, light, visual ergonomics and consequences at work.


RESULTS
Visual conditions and lighting design have an impact on work performance in those over age 65 even if there are few studies available. Natural age related changes in the eyes or ocular diseases can result in reduced visual function and performance. Moreover, evidence of the importance of light and dark rhythms for circadian regulation is mounting; there are indications that the older-age population might need specific attention related to this issue. Finally, visual deteriorations might also, secondarily, induce strained postures and musculoskeletal symptoms, pain and injury.


CONCLUSIONS
Age-related changes in the eyes and also ocular diseases among older-age people have an impact on well-being and work performance, and therefore call for reconsideration of their working conditions. Knowledge about how visual functions, light and ocular diseases is needed for work design and preventive actions.
Division of Ergonomics, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden Swedish Work Environment Authority, Stockholm, Sweden.
P
P
Nylén
Lighting Laboratory, Division of Ergonomics, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden.
F
F
Favero
Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
S
S
Glimne
Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden St. Erik Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
K
K
Teär Fahnehjelm
Division of Ergonomics, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden.
J
J
Eklund
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011187:Posture; D014787:Vision Tests; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D017132:Workplace
Retirement age; circadian rhythm; visual function; visual perception