Wireless displacement sensing enabled by metamaterial probes for remote structural health monitoring.
We propose and demonstrate a wireless, passive, metamaterial-based sensor that allows for remotely monitoring submicron displacements over millimeter ranges. The sensor comprises a probe made of multiple nested split ring resonators (NSRRs) in a double-comb architecture coupled to an external antenna in its near-field. In operation, the sensor detects displacement of a structure onto which the NSRR probe is attached by telemetrically tracking the shift in its local frequency peaks. Owing to the NSRR's near-field excitation response, which is highly sensitive to the displaced comb-teeth over a wide separation, the wireless sensing system exhibits a relatively high resolution (<1 µm) and a large dynamic range (over 7 mm), along with high levels of linearity (R2 > 0.99 over 5 mm) and sensitivity (>12.7 MHz/mm in the 1-3 mm range). The sensor is also shown to be working in the linear region in a scenario where it is attached to a standard structural reinforcing bar. Because of its wireless and passive nature, together with its low cost, the proposed system enabled by the metamaterial probes holds a great promise for applications in remote structural health monitoring.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. ozbey@ee.bilkent.edu.tr.
Burak
B
Ozbey
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. unale@bilkent.edu.tr.
Emre
E
Unal
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. hatice@ee.bilkent.edu.tr.
Hatice
H
Ertugrul
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. kurc@metu.edu.tr.
Ozgur
O
Kurc
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. puttlitz@engr.colostate.edu.
Christian M
CM
Puttlitz
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. vakur@ee.bilkent.edu.tr.
Vakur B
VB
Erturk
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. altintas@ee.bilkent.edu.tr.
Ayhan
A
Altintas
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara TR-06800, Turkey. volkan@bilkent.edu.tr.
Hilmi Volkan
HV
Demir
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods*; D059015:Wireless Technology