Temperament, Character, and Depressive Symptoms during Pregnancy: A Study of a Japanese Population.
Background. To examine the effects of temperament and character domains on depression during pregnancy. Methods. We examined 601 pregnant women using a questionnaire that included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and demographic variables. Results. In a hierarchical regression analysis, severity of depression during pregnancy was predicted by the women's negative response towards the current pregnancy, low self-directedness, and high harm avoidance, persistence, and self-transcendence. Conclusion. Depression during pregnancy is predicted by personality traits as well as women's negative attitudes towards the current pregnancy.
Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 101 Akasaka 8-5-13, Minato, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
Mariko
M
Minatani
Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ; Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 101 Akasaka 8-5-13, Minato, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
Sachiko
S
Kita
Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 101 Akasaka 8-5-13, Minato, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
Yukiko
Y
Ohashi
Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo, 101 Akasaka 8-5-13, Minato, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan ; Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
Toshinori
T
Kitamura
Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Megumi
M
Haruna
Department of Women's Health and Mother-Child Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuo, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan.
Kyoko
K
Sakanashi
Aso Health Center, 1204 Uchimaki, Aso, Kumamoto 869-2301, Japan.
Tomoko
T
Tanaka