Ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for determination of avicularin metabolites produced by a human intestinal bacterium.
Intestinal bacteria from human were screened to isolate the specific bacteria involved in the metabolism of avicularin. A Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, strain 46, capable of metabolizing avicularin (quercetin-3-O-arabinoside) was isolated for the first time. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence showed 99% similarity with that of Bacillus. Then strain 46 was identified as a species of the genus Bacillus, and was named to be Bacillus sp. 46. Additionally, the metabolites were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) technique combined with Metabolynx™ software. The structure of these metabolites were proposed and confirmed by comparing the UPLC retention time and MS/MS spectrum with that of authentic standards. Parent compound and six metabolites were detected in the isolated bacterial samples compared with blank samples. Avicularin (M1) was anaerobic metabolized to its aglycone quercetin (M2) and methoxylated avicularin (M3, M4), then quercetin was converted to quercetin glycosides: quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (M5), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (M6) and quercetin-7-O-glucoside (M7) by Bacillus sp. 46. The metabolic pathway and metabolites of avicularin by the intestinal bacterium Bacillus sp. 46 were reported for the first time.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Min
M
Zhao
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Jun
J
Xu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Dawei
D
Qian
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Jianming
J
Guo
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China. Electronic address: jiangshu2000@163.com.
Shu
S
Jiang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Er-xin
EX
Shang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China. Electronic address: dja@njutcm.edu.cn.
Jin-ao
JA
Duan
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Jing
J
Yang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
Le-yue
LY
Du
D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
D005419:Flavonoids; C041388:avicularin
16S rRNA; Avicularin; Bacillus sp. 46; Metabolism; UPLC/Q-TOF-MS