Electrical stimulation for difficult wounds: only an alternative procedure?
In the wound healing research, the exact mechanism of action of different modalities of electrical stimulation (ES) remains controversial and unresolved. In this study we discuss a particular ES, with a different type of waveform, corresponding to the principle of stochastic resonance. Between July 2008 and May 2010, 32 patients were enrolled and ES was applied to wounds using the bioelectrical signal therapy (BST) device (LifeWave, Petach Tiqwa, Israel). The outcome evaluated in group 1 (n = 21) was wound healing, while group 2 (n = 11) was evaluated for wound-related pain [Visual Number Scale (VNS) pain scale] during treatment. In group 1, 87% of the wounds closed in an average time of 97 days (range 10-150 days); three patients were lost to follow-up. In group 2, 45% of the patients experienced a complete pain disappearance after 7 days of treatment; 36% reported a reduction in VNS from 9·3 to 3·2 in 7 days; 19% stopped morphine-like painkillers after 2 weeks. The clinical application of the stochastic resonance enables the usage of easy-to-use, non-invasive, painless and pain-relief treatment. Our experience with ES has demonstrated the BST device to be a very good alternative in cases of small size defects, compared with other therapies such as surgery, dressing and negative pressure devices.
Department of Plastic, Reconstuctive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
Marco
M
Fraccalvieri
Department of Plastic, Reconstuctive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
Marco
M
Salomone
Department of Plastic, Reconstuctive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
Enrico M
EM
Zingarelli
Department of Plastic, Reconstuctive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
Filippo
F
Rivarossa
Department of Plastic, Reconstuctive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
Stefano
S
Bruschi
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
BST; Electrical stimulation; Pain; Stochastic resonance; Wound healing