The aqueous extract from Toona sinensis leaves inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
The leaves of Toona sinensis, a well-known traditional oriental medicine, have been prescribed for the treatment of enteritis and infection. Recently, aqueous extracts of Toona sinensis leaves (TSL-1) have demonstrated many biological effects both in vitro and in vivo. In the central nervous system, microglial activation and their proinflammatory responses are considered an important therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory disorders such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The present study attempted to validate the effect of TSL-1 on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As inflammatory parameters, the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α were evaluated. Our results demonstrate that TSL-1 suppresses LPS-induced NO production, tumor necrosis factor-α secretion, and inducible NO synthase protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, without causing cytotoxicity. In addition, the inhibitory effects of TSL-1 in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia were extended to post-treatment suggesting the therapeutic potential of TSL-1. Therefore, this work provides the future evaluation of the role of TSL-1 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by inhibition of inflammatory mediator production in activated microglia.
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Chao-Chuan
CC
Wang
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Yee-Jean
YJ
Tsai
Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Ya-Ching
YC
Hsieh
Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Rong-Jyh
RJ
Lin
Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: chihlung1@yahoo.com.
Chih-Lung
CL
Lin
D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Lipopolysaccharide; Microglia; Neuroinflammation; Toona sinensis; Tumor necrosis factor-α