An inter-rater reliability study of the prescribing indicated medications quality indicators of the Assessing Care Of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) 3 criteria as a potentially inappropriate prescribing tool.
OBJECTIVE
There are limited tools to assess potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) or underprescribing in the elderly. The ACOVE project defines comprehensive quality care indicators for older people and some of these indicators focused on appropriate use of medicines. The aim of the present study was to assess the inter-rater reliability between observers using the ACOVE 3 prescribing indicated medications indicators and compare it with the inter-rater reliability obtained for the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP)/Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment (START) criteria.


METHODS
In the context of an observational and multicentric study of a cohort of 672 patients 75 years and older who were hospitalized in Internal Medicine services of seven Spanish hospitals, an inter-rater reliability study using the ACOVE selected indicators and the STOPP/START criteria was carried out between April 2011 and March 2012. Three patients were randomly selected in each participating hospital, one for each four months of study.


RESULTS
A total of 21 patients (mean (SD) age of 84.3 (5.6) years, 57.1% female) were included in the inter-rater reliability study. For the STOPP, START and ACOVE criteria, the median kappa coefficient for the seven hospital analyses was 0.97, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. Out of 123 total indicators in only 7 (5.7%) was the kappa coefficient value below 0.75. Only for 2 (5.6%) of the 37 studies selected ACOVE quality indicators was the kappa coefficient value less than 0.75.


CONCLUSIONS
A high inter-rater reliability was obtained for the selected underprescribing quality indicators of ACOVE 3. These quality indicators may be considered a useful tool in detecting underprescribing to the elderly patients.
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain. Electronic address: asanjose@vhebron.net.
Antonio
A
San-José
Clinical Pharmacology Service, Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Antonia
A
Agustí
Clinical Pharmacology Service, Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Departament of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Xavier
X
Vidal
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain.
José
J
Barbé
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain.
Olga H
OH
Torres
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain.
Nieves
N
Ramírez-Duque
Internal Medicina Service, Hospital General Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain.
Juana
J
García
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital San Juan De Dios del Aljarafe, Sevilla, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain.
Antonio
A
Fernández-Moyano
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain.
Alfonso
A
López-Soto
Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Multimorbidity and Elderly Patients Group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spain.
Francesc
F
Formiga
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
D055553:Prescription Drugs
Assessing Care Of Vulnerable Elders indicators; Inter-rater reliability; Older patients; Potentially prescribing omissions medicines; Prescribing indicated medications; Underprescribing