Effects of malnutrition on children's immunity to bacterial antigens in Northern Senegal.
To evaluate immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases according to nutritional status, a longitudinal study was conducted in Senegalese children ages 1-9 years old. A linear regression analysis predicted that weight for age was positively associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to tetanus toxoid in children born during the rainy season or at the beginning of the dry season. A relationship between village, time of visits, and levels of antibodies to tetanus showed that environmental factors played a role in modulating humoral immunity to tetanus vaccine over time. Moreover, a whole-blood stimulation assay highlighted that the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to tetanus toxoid was compromised in stunted children. However, the absence of cytokine modulation in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-purified protein derivatives and phytohemagglutinin suggests that the overall ability to produce IFN-γ was preserved in stunted children. Therefore, these results show that nutritional status can specifically alter the efficacy of long-lasting immunity to tetanus.
Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL)-U1019 Inserm, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8204 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir Pour la Santé (EPLS), Saint-Louis, Senegal; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI) 233 TransVIHmi, Centre Régional de Recherche et de Formation à la prise en charge Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fann, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Biostatistics, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UMR198 URMITE, Campus International, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Hann, Dakar, Senegal; UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 224, CNRS5290, Université de Montpellier 1 et 2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin.
Lobna
L
Gaayeb
Jean B
JB
Sarr
Cecile
C
Cames
Claire
C
Pinçon
Jean-Baptiste
JB
Hanon
Mamadou O
MO
Ndiath
Modou
M
Seck
Fabien
F
Herbert
Andre B
AB
Sagna
Anne-Marie
AM
Schacht
Franck
F
Remoue
Gilles
G
Riveau
Emmanuel
E
Hermann
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000276:immunology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003017:Clostridium tetani / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology; D012675:Senegal; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; C072681:Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens; D007371:Interferon-gamma