Molecular and structural patterns of bone regeneration in surgically created defects containing bone substitutes.
Several biomaterials have been introduced for bone augmentation. However, information is lacking about the mechanisms of bone regeneration and/or integration of these materials in the recipient bone. This study aimed to determine the molecular and structural events in bone defects after augmentation with synthetic tetrapod-shaped calcium phosphate (Tetrabone; TetraB) compared with natural deproteinized bovine bone (DBB). Defects were created in the epiphyses of rat femurs and filled with TetraB or DBB or left empty (Sham). After 3, 6, 14 and 28 d, samples were harvested for histology, histomorphometry, ultrastructure and gene expression analyses. At 3 d, higher expressions of bone formation (ALP and OC) and remodeling (CatK) genes were detected in TetraB compared with DBB and Sham. Downregulation of bone remodeling genes (TRAP and CatK) was detected in DBB as compared to Sham after 14 d. Histomorphometry at 6 and 14 d demonstrated greater bone contact with the granules in TetraB. At 28 d, a larger bone area per defect was found in TetraB. The present experiments show that a synthetic substitute, consisting of α-tricalcium and octacalcium phosphates, induces early osteogenic and osteoclastic activities and promotes bone formation in trabecular bone defects.
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ibrahim
I
Elgali
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Kazuyo
K
Igawa
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Anders
A
Palmquist
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Maria
M
Lennerås
Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Wei
W
Xia
Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Sungjin
S
Choi
Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Ung-Il
UI
Chung
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Omar
O
Omar
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Box 412, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: peter.thomsen@biomaterials.gu.se.
Peter
P
Thomsen
D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000235:genetics; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C022045:octacalcium phosphate
Deproteinized bovine bone; Gene expression; In vivo; Octacalcium phosphate; Ultrastructure; α-Tricalcium phosphate