Impact of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation on cognitive functions in patients with recurrent depressive disorders.
Data show that up to 38.2% of the European population have a mental disorder and that recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) is among the most commonly diagnosed disabling diseases. Over the last few years, neurocognitive impairments in rDD have become a new research front focusing on the role of cognitive decline during the course of rDD and in relation to its clinical presentation and prognosis. Both immune-inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) processes potentially play a role in development of cognitive dysfunction in rDD. New evidence shows that chronic inflammatory and O&NS reactions occur in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders and those with rDD. This narrative review presents the current state of knowledge on the possible impact of selected inflammatory and O&NS enzymes on cognitive functioning in patients with rDD. We focus on manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO).
Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
Monika
M
Talarowska
Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
Kinga
K
Bobińska
Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
Marlena
M
Zajączkowska
Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Kuan-Pin
KP
Su
Department of Psychiatry, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Michael
M
Maes
Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
Piotr
P
Gałecki
D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012008:Recurrence; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase