Home spirometry as early detector of azithromycin refractory bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients.
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the utility of home spirometry (HS) versus office spirometry (OS) in assessing treatment response to azithromycin in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).


METHODS
239 Lung transplant recipients were retrospectively studied. ΔFEV1 ± 10% from FEV1 at azithromycin initiation for ≥7 consecutive days in HS or ≥2 measures in OS were taken as cut-off for response or progression.


RESULTS
Based upon HS, 161/239 (67%) patients were progressive despite macrolide, 19 of who exhibited transient improvement in FEV1 (11%). Time to progression was 29 (13-96) days earlier with HS than in OS. Forty-six (19%) recipients responded in HS after median 81 (22-343) days, whilst 22% remained stable. Concordance in azithromycin treatment response between OS and HS was observed in 210 of 239 patients (88%). Response or stabilization conferred significant improvement in survival (p = 0.005). Transient azithromycin responders demonstrated improved survival when compared to azithromycin refractory patients (p = 0.034).


CONCLUSIONS
HS identified azithromycin refractory patients significantly earlier than OS, possibly facilitating aggressive treatment escalation that may improve long-term outcome. Treatment response to azithromycin should be assessed 4 weeks after initiation. Responders demonstrated best survival, with even transient response conferring benefit. Macrolide-refractory BOS carried the worst prognosis.
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: dewall.claudia@freenet.de.
Claudia
C
de Wall
Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Dettmer
D
Sabine
Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Warnecke
W
Gregor
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Greer
G
Mark
Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Haverich
H
Axel
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Fuehner
F
Thomas
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Welte
W
Tobias
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Gottlieb
G
Jens
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013147:Spirometry / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin
Azithromycin; Bronchiolitis; Lung