Dietary patterns and 1-h post-load glucose in essential hypertension.
OBJECTIVE
Normoglucosetolerants (NGT) are considered at low risk, even if a 1-h post-load glucose (PLG) value ≥ 155 mg dl(-1) identifies NGTs at high risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and sub-clinical organ damage. Specific dietary factors may affect insulin sensitivity and the risk of T2D. However, it is unknown whether dietary components affect 1-h PLG in hypertensive NGT. Therefore, we investigate the effect of dietary patterns on 1-h PLG.


RESULTS
We selected 188 subjects (94 NGTs < 155 mg dl(-1) and 94 NGTs ≥ 155 mg dl(-1) PLG), well matched for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the Matsuda index. Dietary intake was quantified by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FEQ) validated in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The NGT ≥ 155 group had significantly reduced insulin sensitivity (40.3 ± 19.8 vs. 73.3 ± 28.8; P < 0.0001). With the exclusion of total calories, lipids, alcohol and fiber consumption we observed a significant difference, between groups, in starch (214.1 ± 52.4 vs. 268.8 ± 71.8 g; P < 0.0001), saturated (27.4 ± 8.7 vs. 24.1 ± 8.5 g; P = 0.009), monounsaturated (45.5 ± 8.9 vs. 48.8 ± 10.7 g; P = 0.023) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) (14.5 ± 4.0 vs. 16.8 ± 4.7 g; P < 0.0001), fructose (14.5 ± 5.3 vs. 11.2 ± 4.8 g; P < 0.0001), and oligosaccharides (103.2 ± 26.6 vs. 89.9 ± 29.2 g; P = 0.001) consumption. In the whole population, starch was the major predictor of 1-h PLG, explaining 23.2% of variation (P < 0.0001). In the NGT < 155 group, fructose was the strongest predictor, accounting for 15.4% of the variation; BMI, gender and polyunsaturated FAs added another 6.6%, 3.6% and 3.2%, respectively. In the NGT ≥ 155 group, saturated and polyunsaturated FAs were retained as the major predictors of 1-h PLG, explaining 18.2% and 11.4% of the variation.


CONCLUSIONS
The present data demonstrate that dietary patterns affect 1-h PLG, remarking the importance of both quantitative and qualitative composition of a diet.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Sciacqua
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Perticone
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Falbo
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Grillo
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Tassone
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Sinopoli
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Lo Russo
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Succurro
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Andreozzi
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Sesti
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: perticone@unicz.it.
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Perticone
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D003404:Creatinine
Dietary pattern; Essential hypertension; Post-load glucose