Assessment of fetal midbrain and hindbrain in mid-sagittal cranial plane by three-dimensional multiplanar sonography. Part 1: comparison of new and established nomograms.
OBJECTIVE
To construct nomograms for fetal midbrain (MB) and hindbrain (HB) dimensions, assessed in the mid-sagittal cranial plane by three-dimensional multiplanar sonographic reconstruction (3D-MPR).


METHODS
This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 334 healthy fetuses in low-risk singleton pregnancies between 16 and 35 gestational weeks. All sonographic volumes were obtained by sagittal acquisition. The following MB and HB parameters were evaluated in the mid-sagittal cranial plane using 3D-MPR: MB parameters tectal length (TL) and anteroposterior midbrain diameter (APMD), and HB parameters anteroposterior pons diameter (APPD), superoinferior vermian diameter (SIVD), anteroposterior vermian diameter (APVD) and anteroposterior diameter of the fourth ventricle (APDFV). The measurements were presented as growth charts according to gestational age.


RESULTS
MB and HB biometry were best assessed between 19 and 29 weeks. During this period, adequate visualization was achieved for successful measurement of TL in 90.9% of cases, APMD in 86.6%, APPD in 73.7%, SIVD in 74.2%, APVD in 71% and APDFV in 71%. There was a linear growth pattern, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.79 for TL, 0.88 for APMD, 0.91 for APPD, 0.95 for SIVD, 0.88 for APVD and 0.88 for APDFV (P < 0.0001 for each). The mean intra- and interobserver variations for the MB measurements and vermian diameters ranged between 4.3% and 9%. APPD and APDFV showed highest mean variations: 9.0% and 19.4% (intraobserver) and 11.6% and 17.7% (interobserver), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
We present new nomograms for assessment of the fetal MB and HB using 3D-MPR in the mid-sagittal cranial plane. To our knowledge, these are the first proposed nomograms for fetal MB dimensions.
Unit of Fetal Neurology and Prenatal Diagnosis, Depassrtment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
Z
Z
Leibovitz
C
C
Shkolnik
K Krajden
KK
Haratz
G
G
Malinger
I
I
Shapiro
T
T
Lerman-Sagie
D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D049451:Nomograms; D009929:Organ Size; D011149:Pons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods
biometry; fetal midbrain; pons; vermis