Fabrication of self-assembled (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ovalbumin-dextran conjugate nanoparticles and their transport across monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells.
Nanoparticles have the potential to increase bioavailability of nutraceutical compounds such as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Ovalbumin was conjugated with dextran using the Maillard reaction. The resultant ovalbumin-dextran (O-D) conjugates were self-assembled with EGCG to form EGCG O-D conjugate nanoparticles at pH 5.2 after heating at 80 °C for 60 min. Ovalbumin in EGCG O-D conjugate nanoparticles was further cross-linked by glutaraldehyde for 24 h at room temperature. EGCG O-D conjugate nanoparticles and cross-linked EGCG O-D conjugate nanoparticles in aqueous suspension had particle sizes of 285 and 339 nm, respectively, and showed a spherical morphology. The loading efficiencies of EGCG in these two nanoparticles were 23.4 and 30.0%, whereas the loading capacities were 19.6 and 20.9%, respectively. These nanoparticles showed positive zeta-potentials in a pH range from 2.5 to 4.0 but had negative charges at pH ≥5.0. EGCG O-D conjugate nanoparticles maintained a particle size of 183-349 nm in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and 188-291 nm in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at 37 °C for 2 h, whereas cross-linked nanoparticles had particle sizes of 294-527 nm in SGF and 206-300 nm in SIF. Limited release of EGCG was observed in both nanoparticle systems in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids without and with digestive enzymes. EGCG O-D conjugate nanoparticles significantly enhanced the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of EGCG on Caco-2 monolayers compared with EGCG solution, suggesting that these nanoparticles may improve the absorption of EGCG.
Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
Zheng
Z
Li
Liwei
L
Gu
D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D004063:Digestion; D004355:Drug Stability; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size
D003911:Dextrans; C064914:ovalbumin-dextran; D002392:Catechin; D010047:Ovalbumin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D005976:Glutaral