Blood-brain barrier permeability of bioactive withanamides present in Withania somnifera fruit extract.
The neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera L. Dunal fruit extract, in rodent models, is known. Withanamides, the primary active constituents in W.somnifera fruit extract exhibited neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cell culture studies. Therefore, we investigated the blood-brain barrier permeability of withanamides in W.somnifera fruit extract in mice using HPLC coupled with high resolution quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF/MS) detection. Mice were administered with 250 mg/kg of W.somnifera extract by intraperitoneal injection, and the blood and brain samples analyzed by Q-TOF/MS detection. Four major withanamides were detected in brain and blood of mice administered with W.somnifera extract. The results suggested that the withanamides crossed the blood-brain barrier. These results may help to develop W.somnifera fruit extract as a preventive or therapeutic botanical drug for stress-induced neurological disorders.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Shaiju K
SK
Vareed
Alison K
AK
Bauer
Kavitha M
KM
Nair
Yunbao
Y
Liu
Bolleddula
B
Jayaprakasam
Muraleedharan G
MG
Nair
D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry*
D004187:Disaccharides; D007211:Indoles; D010936:Plant Extracts
Alzheimer's disease; Aswagandha; BBB permeability; botanical drug; neurological disorder