In vitro biocompatibility and oxidative stress profiles of different hydraulic calcium silicate cements.
BACKGROUND
MTA Plus is a new calcium silicate cement with unknown cytotoxicity characteristics. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of MTA Plus on the viability, apoptosis/necrosis profile, and oxidative stress levels of rat odontoblast-like cells.


METHODS
MDPC-23 cells were exposed to gray and white MTA Plus (GMTAP, WMTAP), gray and white ProRoot MTA (GMTA, WMTA) cements, or their eluents. The cells were evaluated for (1) cell viability by using XTT assay, (2) apoptosis/necrosis by using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and (3) oxidative stress by measuring reactive oxygen species.


RESULTS
XTT assay showed that all test cements exhibited marked initial cytotoxicity that decreased with time. By the end of the third week, GMTAP and GMTA were comparable to untreated cells (negative control) in terms of cell viability, whereas WMTAP and WMTA were significantly lower than the untreated cells. Apoptosis/necrosis profiles of cells exposed to WMTAP and GMTAP were not significantly different from untreated cells, whereas cells exposed to WMTA and GMTA showed significantly less viable cells. All experimental groups exhibited reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species formation compared with untreated cells, although cells exposed to WMTA were not significantly different from untreated cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Both the gray and white versions of MTA Plus possess negligible in vitro cytotoxic risks that are time and dilution dependent. They enrich the spectrum of hydraulic calcium silicate cements currently available to clinicians for endodontic applications.
Department of Dental and Biomedical Material Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Ashraf A
AA
Eid
Department of Endodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
Johnny L
JL
Gosier
Primus Consulting, Bradenton, Florida.
Carolyn M
CM
Primus
Department of General Dentistry, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
Barry D
BD
Hammond
Department of Endodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
Lisiane F
LF
Susin
Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
David H
DH
Pashley
Department of Endodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia. Electronic address: ftay@gru.edu.
Franklin R
FR
Tay
D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008422:Materials Testing; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009336:Necrosis; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013997:Time Factors; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010087:Oxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; C031667:IRM cement
Apoptosis; cell viability; hydraulic calcium silicate cements; necrosis; reactive oxygen species