Preoperative mapping of nonmelanoma skin cancer using spatial frequency domain and ultrasound imaging.
OBJECTIVE
The treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is usually by surgical excision or Mohs micrographic surgery and alternatively may include photodynamic therapy (PDT). To guide surgery and to optimize PDT, information about the tumor structure, optical parameters, and vasculature is desired.


METHODS
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) can map optical absorption, scattering, and fluorescence parameters that can enhance tumor contrast and quantify light and photosensitizer dose. High frequency ultrasound (HFUS) imaging can provide high-resolution tumor structure and depth, which is useful for both surgery and PDT planning.


RESULTS
Here, we present preliminary results from our recently developed clinical instrument for patients with NMSC. We quantified optical absorption and scattering, blood oxygen saturation (StO2), and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) with SFDI and lesion thickness with ultrasound. These results were compared to histological thickness of excised tumor sections.


CONCLUSIONS
SFDI quantified optical parameters with high precision, and multiwavelength analysis enabled 2D mappings of tissue StO2 and THC. HFUS quantified tumor thickness that correlated well with histology. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the instrument for noninvasive mapping of optical, physiological, and ultrasound contrasts in human skin tumors for surgery guidance and therapy planning.
Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263.
Daniel J
DJ
Rohrbach
Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
Daniel
D
Muffoletto
Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263.
Jonathan
J
Huihui
Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, CA.
Rolf
R
Saager
Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263.
Kenneth
K
Keymel
Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
Anne
A
Paquette
Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
Janet
J
Morgan
Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
Nathalie
N
Zeitouni
Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263. Electronic address: ulas.sunar@roswellpark.org.
Ulas
U
Sunar
D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
PDT; Skin cancer; optical and blood parameters; optical imaging; surgery; ultrasound