Novel kojic acid-polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites for medical applications.
Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by the coprecipitation of iron salts in sodium hydroxide followed by coating separately with chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form CS-MNPs and PEG-MNPs nanoparticles, respectively. They were then loaded with kojic acid (KA), a pharmacologically bioactive natural compound, to form KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites, respectively. The MNPs and their nanocomposites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The powder X-ray diffraction data suggest that all formulations consisted of highly crystalline, pure magnetite Fe3O4. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the presence of both polymers and KA in the nanocomposites. Magnetization curves showed that both nanocomposites (KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs) were superparamagnetic with saturation magnetizations of 8.1 emu/g and 26.4 emu/g, respectively. The KA drug loading was estimated using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which gave a loading of 12.2% and 8.3% for the KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites, respectively. The release profile of the KA from the nanocomposites followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The agar diffusion test was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity for both KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites against a number of microorganisms using two Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and one Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica) species, and showed some antibacterial activity, which could be enhanced in future studies by optimizing drug loading. This study provided evidence for the promise for the further investigation of the possible beneficial biological activities of KA and both KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites in nanopharmaceutical applications.
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Samer Hasan
SH
Hussein-Al-Ali
Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Ezzat
ME
El Zowalaty
Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohd Zobir
MZ
Hussein
Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Maznah
M
Ismail
Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Dena
D
Dorniani
Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA ; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Thomas J
TJ
Webster
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004058:Diffusion; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011753:Pyrones; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C011890:kojic acid
biological activity; chitosan; controlled release; kojic acid; magnetic nanoparticle; polyethylene glycol