The accuracy of a voice vote.
The accuracy of a voice vote was addressed by systematically varying group size, individual voter loudness, and words that are typically used to express agreement or disagreement. Five judges rated the loudness of two competing groups in A-B comparison tasks. Acoustic analysis was performed to determine the sound energy level of each word uttered by each group. Results showed that individual voter differences in energy level can grossly alter group loudness and bias the vote. Unless some control is imposed on the sound level of individual voters, it is difficult to establish even a two-thirds majority, much less a simple majority. There is no symmetry in the bias created by unequal sound production of individuals. Soft voices do not bias the group loudness much, but loud voices do. The phonetic balance of the two words chosen (e.g., "yea" and "nay" as opposed to "aye" and "no") seems to be less of an issue.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
Ingo R
IR
Titze
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
Anil
A
Palaparthi
D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D010700:Phonetics; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception; D014833:Voice Quality