Standardized ethyl acetate fraction from the roots of Brassica rapa attenuates the experimental arthritis by down regulating inflammatory responses and inhibiting NF-κB activation.
This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-arthritic potential of a standardized ethyl acetate fraction from the roots of Brassica rapa (EABR) and to explore the molecular mechanisms in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats and macrophages. In AIA-induced arthritic rats, EABR significantly reduced paw swelling, an arthritic index, serum rheumatoid factor, and tissue expression ratio of RANKL/OPG versus vehicle-administered group. This was found to be well correlated with significant suppressions in productions of PGE2, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and in activations of NF-κB in AIA-induced paw tissues and LPS-induced macrophages. EABR attenuated NF-κB activation by reducing the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of the p65 NF-κB, which were accompanied by parallel reductions in the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα after blocking the phosphorylation mediated IKK activation. The findings suggest EABR exerts its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties via NF-κB inactivation in vitro and in vivo, and that EABR is a potential therapeutic for the treatment of arthritis and inflammation-associated disorders.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ji-Sun
JS
Shin
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Chang Hyeon
CH
Yun
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Kyung-Sook
KS
Chung
Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Myun-Ho
MH
Bang
Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Nam-In
NI
Baek
GangHwa Agricultural R&D Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Hae-Gon
HG
Chung
Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ywcho@khu.ac.kr.
Young-Wuk
YW
Cho
Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ktlee@khu.ac.kr.
Kyung-Tae
KT
Lee
D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001483:Base Sequence; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017931:DNA Primers; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D000085:Acetates; D017931:DNA Primers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate
Arthritis; Brassica rapa; Inflammatory mediator; Macrophage; Nuclear factor-kappa B