Paediatric and adult glioblastoma: multiform (epi)genomic culprits emerge.
We have extended our understanding of the molecular biology that underlies adult glioblastoma over many years. By contrast, high-grade gliomas in children and adolescents have remained a relatively under-investigated disease. The latest large-scale genomic and epigenomic profiling studies have yielded an unprecedented abundance of novel data and provided deeper insights into gliomagenesis across all age groups, which has highlighted key distinctions but also some commonalities. As we are on the verge of dissecting glioblastomas into meaningful biological subgroups, this Review summarizes the hallmark genetic alterations that are associated with distinct epigenetic features and patient characteristics in both paediatric and adult disease, and examines the complex interplay between the glioblastoma genome and epigenome.
1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [3].
Dominik
D
Sturm
1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [3].
Sebastian
S
Bender
Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
David T W
DT
Jones
Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Peter
P
Lichter
Brain Tumor Program, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Université Paris-Sud, 114 Rue Eduoard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
Jacques
J
Grill
Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 91001, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Oren
O
Becher
The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Cynthia
C
Hawkins
Division of Experimental Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, 2155 Guy Street, Montreal, Québec, H3H 2R9, Canada.
Jacek
J
Majewski
Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
Chris
C
Jones
Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Joseph F
JF
Costello
Institute for Cancer Genetics and Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Antonio
A
Iavarone
Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0085, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Kenneth
K
Aldape
Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Cameron W
CW
Brennan
Division of Experimental Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, 2155 Guy Street, Montreal, Québec, H3H 2R9, Canada.
Nada
N
Jabado
1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Stefan M
SM
Pfister
D000367:Age Factors; D057890:Epigenomics; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009380:Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue / Q000235:genetics*