Comparison of tensile strength of slip knots with that of 3-1-1 knots using 10-0 nylon sutures.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare the tensile strength of slip knots with that of 3-1-1 knots using 10-0 nylon sutures.


METHODS
In vitro, destructive materials testing was used. By adhering to the American Standard for Testing and Materials standards for testing of suture materials, slip knots were compared with 3-1-1 knots using 10-0 nylon suture material. Tensile testing was performed on each knot type using the Instron Microtester (Model 5848 Norwood, MA). Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze all sutures tested to failure. The main outcome measure was the maximum load (newtons) or ultimate tensile strength before which each knot failed by breakage or by unraveling.


RESULTS
The mean force resulting in failure by breakage of the 3-1-1 knot and slip knot was 0.71 and 0.64 N, respectively (P = 0.048). The mean force resulting in failure by the unraveling of the 3-1-1 knot and slip knot was 0.48 and 0.37 N, respectively (P = 0.022).


CONCLUSIONS
In 10-0 nylon sutures, the 3-1-1 knot has a statistically significant greater tensile strength than the slip knot has in conditions wherein they fail by either breakage or unraveling.
Departments of *Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; †Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; and ‡Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Carla R
CR
Lutchman
Linus H
LH
Leung
Rahim
R
Moineddin
Hall F
HF
Chew
D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009757:Nylons; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013537:Sutures; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology*
D009757:Nylons