Cognitive social capital and mental illness during economic crisis: a nationwide population-based study in Greece.
The ongoing financial crisis in Greece has yielded adverse effects on the mental health of the population. In this context, the particular study investigates the link between two indices of cognitive social capital; namely interpersonal and institutional trust, and the presence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. A random and representative sample of 2256 respondents took part in a cross-sectional nationwide telephone survey the time period February-April 2011 (Response Rate = 80.5%), after being recruited from the national phone number databank. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview, while for interpersonal and institutional trust the pertinent questions of the European Social Survey were utilized. Socio-demographic variables were also encompassed in the research instrument, while participants' degree of financial strain was assessed through the Index of Personal Economic Distress. Both interpersonal and institutional trust were found to constitute protective factors against the presence of major depression, but not against generalized anxiety disorder for people experiencing low economic hardship. Nonetheless, in people experiencing high financial strain, interpersonal and institutional trust were not found to bear any association with the presence of the two disorders. Consistent with these, the present study shows that the effect of social capital on mental health is not uniform, as evident by the different pattern of results for the two disorders. Furthermore, cognitive social capital no longer exerts its protective influence on mental health if individuals experience high economic distress. As a corollary of this, interventions aiming at mitigating the mental health effects of economic downturns cannot rely solely on the enhancement of social capital, but also on alleviating economic burden.
University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: antistigma@epipsi.eu.
Marina
M
Economou
School of Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Michael
M
Madianos
University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece. Electronic address: lilly.peppou@gmail.com.
Lily Evangelia
LE
Peppou
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece; Center for Health Services Research, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Kyriakos
K
Souliotis
University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece.
Athanasios
A
Patelakis
University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece.
Costas
C
Stefanis
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D057172:Economic Recession; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
Economic crisis; Financial hardship; Generalized anxiety disorder; Major depression; Social capital; Trust