Are MMSE and HDS-R neuropsychological tests adequate for screening HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders?
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are one of major comorbidities in patients with HIV-1 infection. There are currently no standardized tests for screening HAND in such patients. The sensitivity of the cognitive function tests routinely used in clinical practice, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Revised Hasegawa's Dementia Scale, is inadequate to rule out HAND, even in patients with clear abnormal behavior. We report a 41-year-old man with HIV-associated dementia, the most severe form of HAND, in whom the simplified methods did not show abnormal results, and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests which covering several cognitive domains was needed to detect cognitive impairment.
Department of Infections, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Education, Clinical Psychology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. Electronic address: anakazat@acc.ncgm.go.jp.
Ai
A
Nakazato
Department of Education, Clinical Psychology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Tominaga
Department of Infections, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Daisuke
D
Tasato
Nursing Unit, Ryukyu University Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
Kyoko
K
Miyagi
Department of Infections, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Hideta
H
Nakamura
Department of Infections, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Shusaku
S
Haranaga
Department of Infections, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Futoshi
F
Higa
Department of Infections, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Masao
M
Tateyama
Department of Infections, Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Jiro
J
Fujita
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
Cognitive domain; Cognitive impairment; HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; Neuropsychological test; cART