Lead contamination and transfer in urban environmental compartments analyzed by lead levels and isotopic compositions.
Lead levels and isotopic compositions in atmospheric particles (TSP and PM2.5), street dust and surface soil collected from Nanjing, a mega city in China, were analyzed to investigate the contamination and the transfer of lead in urban environmental compartments. The lead contents in TSP and PM2.5 are significantly higher than them in the surface soil and street dust (p < 0.05). The enrichment factor using the mass ratio of lead to the major crustal elements (Al, Sr, Ti and Fe) indicates significant lead enrichment in atmospheric particles. The plots of (206)Pb/(207)Pb vs.(208)Pb/(206)Pb and (206)Pb/(207)Pb vs. 1/Pb imply that the street dust and atmospheric particles (TSP and PM2.5) have very similar lead sources. Coal emissions and smelting activities may be the important lead sources for street dust and atmospheric particles (TSP and PM2.5), while the deposition of airborne lead is an important lead source for urban surface soil.
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Center of Material Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 21 0093, Jiangsu Province, PR China. Electronic address: huxin@nju.edu.cn.
Xin
X
Hu
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Yuanyuan
Y
Sun
School of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
Zhuhong
Z
Ding
School of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
Yun
Y
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Jichun
J
Wu
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Center of Material Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 21 0093, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
Hongzhen
H
Lian
School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
Tijian
T
Wang
D002681:China; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead
Atmospheric particles; Lead; Source identification; Street dust; Surface soil