Indoor air quality in a bar/restaurant before and after the smoking ban in Athens, Greece.
In this study we compared indoor air pollutant concentrations in a bar/restaurant in Greece before and after the enactment of a smoking ban legislation of 2008. This was done to investigate whether the separation of the venue into smoking and non-smoking areas will have an impact on workers and customers from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure (null hypothesis). The study was completed within an 8-month period beginning in March 2010 and ending on November 2010. We compared the average of the measured PM0.1 concentrations in the smoking zones between the pre-ban and post-ban periods. Overall reduction in the number of particles was 18% between pre-ban and post-ban periods. The mean of the 36 total CO2 measurements for the pre- and the post-ban period was 611ppm. We calculated the ventilation rates per occupant (Vo in l/s/occ) and found it to be higher in the post-ban period (19.4l/s/occ), thus complying with the ASHARAE standard for Vo of 15l/s/occ at maximum occupancy, than in the pre-ban period (10.7l/s/occ). The mean of the 36 total CO measurements for the pre-ban period was 2 ppm. CO measurements in the post-ban period were less than the detection limit of 1 ppm. Emissions of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde weren't detected in any of the zones. It was observed there was about 50% distribution of pollutants from the smoking zones to the smoke-free zones. The smoking ban effect on the occupancy levels was initially reduced by 16%, but based on other similar studies this transition period will be followed by an increase in the occupancy. Passive smoking and associated risks were significantly reduced but not totally eliminated, indicating the need for stronger enforcement or complete partition between smoking and non-smoking areas.
Center for Applied Research, Centre of Health and Hygiene, Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Hellenic Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (ELINYAE), Greece. Electronic address: konsta@elinyae.gr.
Sophia S
SS
Konstantopoulou
Harvard School of Public Health, United States; Harvard University, United States. Electronic address: pbehraki@hsph.harvard.edu.
Panagiotis K
PK
Behrakis
University of Athens Medical School, Greece. Electronic address: alazaris@med.uoa.gr.
Andreas C
AC
Lazaris
University of Athens Medical School, Greece. Electronic address: aspis@ath.forthnet.gr.
Polyxeni
P
Nicolopoulou-Stamati
D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006115:Greece; D012147:Restaurants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Air quality; Second hand smoke exposure; Smoking ban