Cellular senescence and its effector programs.
Cellular senescence is a stress response that accompanies stable exit from the cell cycle. Classically, senescence, particularly in human cells, involves the p53 and p16/Rb pathways, and often both of these tumor suppressor pathways need to be abrogated to bypass senescence. In parallel, a number of effector mechanisms of senescence have been identified and characterized. These studies suggest that senescence is a collective phenotype of these multiple effectors, and their intensity and combination can be different depending on triggers and cell types, conferring a complex and diverse nature to senescence. Series of studies on senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in particular have revealed various layers of functionality of senescent cells in vivo. Here we discuss some key features of senescence effectors and attempt to functionally link them when it is possible.
Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom;
Rafik
R
Salama
Mahito
M
Sadaie
Matthew
M
Hoare
Masashi
M
Narita
D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans
D002843:Chromatin
DNA damage; aging; inflammation; metabolism; oncogenes; senescence; tumor suppressors