Phenolic profile evolution of different ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables during storage.
Ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetables market has been growing and offering to consumers convenient, healthy and appealing products, which may contain interesting bioactive compounds. In this work, the composition and the evolution of the phenolic compounds from different baby-leaf vegetables during refrigerated storage was studied. The phenolic compounds were extracted using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and the phenolic profile of each sample was analyzed and quantified by using LC-MS and LC-DAD methods, respectively, at the beginning and at the end of a 10-day storage period. The baby-leaf vegetables studied included green lettuce, ruby red lettuce, swiss chard, spinach, pea shoots, watercress, garden cress, mizuna, red mustard, wild rocket and spearmint samples and a total of 203 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified and quantified. The main naturally phenolic compounds identified correspond to glycosylated flavonoids, with exception of green lettuce and spearmint leaves which had a higher content of hydroxycinnamic acids. Quantification of the main compounds showed a 10-fold higher content of total phenolic content of ruby red lettuce (483mgg(-1)) in relation to the other samples, being the lowest values found in the garden cress (12.8mgg(-1)) and wild rocket leaves (8.1mgg(-1)). The total phenolic content only showed a significant change (p<0.05) after storage in the green lettuce (+17.5%), mizuna (+7.8%), red mustard (-23.7%) and spearmint (-13.8%) leaves. Within the different classes of phenolic compounds monitored, the flavonols showed more stable contents than the hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, although the behavior of each compound varied strongly among samples.
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Santos
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Oliveira
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus Cantoblanco UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: elena@ifi.csic.es.
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Ibáñez
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus Cantoblanco UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Herrero
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
D010636:Phenols
Baby-leaf vegetables; HPLC-DAD–MS; PLE extraction; Phenolic compounds identification and quantification; Storage