Evaluating the diet of children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes: first results from the TEENDIAB study.
OBJECTIVE
The development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is potentially influenced by nutrition. The aim of our study was to assess food and nutrient intakes of children at increased risk of T1D.


METHODS
Dietary intake of the last 4 weeks was assessed using a diet history interview. The daily nutrient and food intakes were compared with the German Dietary Reference Intakes, the Optimized Mixed Diet recommendations and those of a representative sample of children from the EsKiMo study.


METHODS
Children included in the analysis participated in the prospective TEENDIAB study.


METHODS
First-degree relatives of people with T1D (n 268), aged 8-12 years.


RESULTS
The TEENDIAB children consumed 52·0 % of their total energy from carbohydrates, 32·6 % from fat and 14·3 % from protein. Compared with the reference values, their intake was lowest for folate at 61·3 % of the reference, for iodine at 58·1 % and for vitamin D at 8·9 %, and exceeded the reference for vitamin K about 5-fold, for Na about 3·5-fold and for protein about 1·5-fold. Their nutrient intakes were similar to those of a control cohort without increased T1D risk. The consumption of non-desirable food groups (meat products, sweets/snacks) was above the recommendations and the consumption of desirable food groups (fruits, vegetables, carbohydrate-rich foods) was below the recommendations.


CONCLUSIONS
The TEENDIAB children had intakes considerably below the recommendations for vitamin D, iodine, folate and plant-based foods, and intakes above for vitamin K, Na, protein, meat products and sweets/snacks. They showed similar dietary patterns to non-risk children.
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
Katharina Susanne
KS
Weber
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
Jennifer
J
Raab
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
Florian
F
Haupt
3Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus auf der Bult,Hannover,Germany.
Bärbel
B
Aschemeier
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
Anja
A
Wosch
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
Christiane
C
Ried
3Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus auf der Bult,Hannover,Germany.
Olga
O
Kordonouri
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
Anette-Gabriele
AG
Ziegler
1Institute of Diabetes Research,Helmholtz Zentrum München,and Forschergruppe Diabetes,Klinikum rechts der Isar,Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany.
Christiane
C
Winkler
D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Diet history interview DISHES Junior; Nutrition; TEENDIAB study; Type 1 diabetes