The inflammatory response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells to Staphylococcus aureus strains is linked to the bacterial phenotype.
Staphylococcus aureus is a major mastitis-causing pathogen in dairy cows. The latex agglutination-based Staphaurex test allows bovine S. aureus strains to be grouped into Staphaurex latex agglutination test (SLAT)-negative [SLAT(-)] and SLAT-positive [SLAT(+)] isolates. Virulence and resistance gene profiles within SLAT(-) isolates are highly similar, but differ largely from those of SLAT(+) isolates. Notably, specific genetic changes in important virulence factors were detected in SLAT(-) isolates. Based on the molecular data, it is assumed that SLAT(+) strains are more virulent than SLAT(-) strains. The objective of this study was to investigate if SLAT(-) and SLAT(+) strains can differentially induce an immune response with regard to their adhesive capacity to epithelial cells in the mammary gland and in turn, could play a role in the course of mastitis. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) were challenged with suspensions of heat inactivated SLAT(+) (n = 3) and SLAT(-) (n = 3) strains isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases. After 1, 6, and 24 h, cells were harvested and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, RANTES, SAA, lactoferrin, GM-CSF, COX-2, and TLR-2) was evaluated by reverse transcription and quantitative PCR. Transcription (ΔΔCT) of most measured factors was induced in challenged bMEC for 6 and 24 h. Interestingly, relative mRNA levels were higher (P<0.05) in response to SLAT(+) compared to SLAT(-) strains. In addition, adhesion assays on bMEC also showed significant differences between SLAT(+) and SLAT(-) strains. The present study clearly shows that these two S. aureus strain types cause a differential immune response of bMEC and exhibit differences in their adhesion capacity in vitro. This could reflect differences in the severity of mastitis that the different strain types may induce.
Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Christina
C
Zbinden
Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Roger
R
Stephan
Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sophia
S
Johler
Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Nicole
N
Borel
Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Julia
J
Bünter
Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Rupert M
RM
Bruckmaier
Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Olga
O
Wellnitz
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D037521:Virulence Factors