Muscle and fascicle excursion in children with cerebral palsy.
BACKGROUND
Fascicle length and fascicle excursion measurements in children with cerebral palsy have yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to measure in vivo passive fascicle lengths and fascicle excursions in the Medial Gastrocnemius muscle of children with cerebral palsy and typically developing controls.


METHODS
We measured 11 children with spastic cerebral palsy and 14 controls between the ages of 9 and 16years. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure fascicle lengths while a dynamometer moved the ankle joint through the range of motion. A common range of motion for all subjects was used for analysis of fascicle excursion.


RESULTS
Fascicle lengths in children with cerebral palsy were 43% smaller than those for control subjects throughout the range of motion. The relative fascicle excursion was 92% greater on average for the cerebral palsy compared to the control group children. The muscle excursion for the control group children was greater than for the cerebral palsy group children.


CONCLUSIONS
Since the fascicles in children with spastic cerebral palsy are shorter, but they go through the same excursion as fascicles in typically developing children, sarcomeres within the medial gastrocnemius muscle must be working over a larger range of sarcomere lengths. Combined with findings of overstretched sarcomeres in spastic muscles reported in the literature, our results suggest that the increased passive forces and the weakness found in spastic muscles may be caused by a decrease in contractile filament overlap as sarcomeres are pulled to extreme lengths in children with cerebral palsy.
Human Performance Lab, University of Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: smatthiasdottir@kin.ucalgary.ca.
Sigrun
S
Matthiasdottir
Human Performance Lab, University of Calgary, Canada.
Marlee
M
Hahn
Human Performance Lab, University of Calgary, Canada.
Megan
M
Yaraskavitch
Human Performance Lab, University of Calgary, Canada.
Walter
W
Herzog
D000293:Adolescent; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography
CP; Cerebral palsy; Fascicle; Fascicle excursion; Fascicle length; Muscle; Muscle excursion; Sarcomere; Sarcomere length; Spasticity