Eustachian tube opening measured by sonotubometry is poorer in adults with a history of past middle ear disease.
OBJECTIVE
Test the hypothesis that active Eustachian tube opening efficiency as measured by sonotubometry is higher in adults with no extant middle-ear disease and no history of previous otitis media (Group-1) when compared to adults with no middle-ear disease but a positive history for otitis media (Group-2).


METHODS
Eustachian tube function for 1 ear of 33 otherwise healthy adult subjects, 16 assigned to Group-1 and 17 to Group-2, was tested by sonotubometry using a standard protocol. For each test, the sound envelopes for 3 swallows were abstracted independently by 2 observers from the data stream and 7 descriptive parameters related to sound envelope "shape" were calculated. Inter-relatedness among the values for the parameters was explored using correlation analysis. The contributions of swallow, observer and group to the variance in each parameter were evaluated for significance using a General Linear Model.


RESULTS
The shape parameters reflecting envelope height, area and rise and fall rates were highly inter-correlated, but those reflecting envelope widths were not. There was no effect of "swallow" on any of the parameters; but there was a significant "observer" effect on all measures of envelope width, greater for observer-2, and a significant "group" effect for 5 of the 7 shape parameters, all greater in Group-1.


CONCLUSIONS
Quantifiable measures of the sound signal "shape" recorded by sonotubometry during swallowing were significantly different between the 2 groups of subjects. This is interpretable as evidencing a more efficient Eustachian tube opening-function in adults with healthy middle ears who do not have a previous history of otitis media when compared to similar adults with a history of prior otitis media. Inefficient Eustachian tube function as children may not be completely resolved by adulthood increasing adult otitis media risk when Eustachian tube function is down-graded by extant upper respiratory diseases that provoke nasopharyngeal inflammation.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: teixeirams@upmc.edu.
Miriam S
MS
Teixeira
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Juliane
J
Banks
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Douglas
JD
Swarts
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Cuneyt M
CM
Alper
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
William J
WJ
Doyle
D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003939:Diagnostic Techniques, Otological; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
Adults; Eustachian tube; Methodology; Otitis media; Otitis media risk; Sonotubometry