Toxin-Antitoxin systems: their role in persistence, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity.
One of the most pertinent recent outcomes of molecular microbiology efforts to understand bacterial behavior is the discovery of a wide range of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that are tightly controlling bacterial persistence. While TA systems were originally linked to control over the genetic material, for example plasmid maintenance, it is now clear that they are involved in essential cellular processes like replication, gene expression, and cell wall synthesis. Toxin activity is induced stochastically or after environmental stimuli, resulting in silencing of the above-mentioned biological processes and entry in a dormant state. In this minireview, we highlight the recent developments in research on these intriguing systems with a focus on their role in biofilms and in bacterial virulence. We discuss their potential as targets in antimicrobial drug discovery.
Unit for Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Yurong
Y
Wen
Ester
E
Behiels
Bart
B
Devreese
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D014774:Virulence
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000992:Antitoxins; D014118:Toxins, Biological
antibiotic resistance; biofilm; cell death; microbiology