Experimental endometriosis remission in rats treated with Achillea biebersteinii Afan.: histopathological evaluation and determination of cytokine levels.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study is to assess the beneficial effects of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. in the treatment of endometriosis in order to find scientific evidence for the folkloric use of this plant.


METHODS
Experimental endometriosis was induced in six-week-old female, nonpregnant, Sprague Dawley rats by suturing a 15mm piece of endometrium from uterine cornu into abdominal wall. After twenty-eight days, a second laparotomy was performed: the endometrial foci areas were measured and intra-abdominal adhesions were scored, and the abdomen was closed. Different groups then received n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts prepared from the aerial parts of A. biebersteinii, and a control group received inert material, administered per os once a day throughout the experiment. At the end of the treatment procedure all rats were sacrified and endometriotic foci areas and intra-abdominal adhesions were again evaluated and compared with the previous findings. The tissues were also histopathologically investigated. Moreover, peritoneal fluid was collected to detect tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Dunnett's test was used to determine the significance of differences between groups. In order to compare two groups Student's t test was used.


RESULTS
Post-treatment volumes of endometrial foci were found to be significantly decreased, and no adhesion was detected, in the EtOAc extract treated group. The levels of TNF-α, VEGF and IL-6 also fell after the treatment with EtOAc extract. The therapeutic effect of the EtOAc extract of A. biebersteinii could be attributed to the flavonoid aglycones found in the extract.


CONCLUSIONS
The EtOAc extract of A. biebersteinii appears to be a promising alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.
Laboratory Animals Breeding and Experimental Researches Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
Murside Ayse
MA
Demirel
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
Ipek
I
Suntar
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
Mert
M
Ilhan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
Hikmet
H
Keles
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: esrak@gazi.edu.tr.
Esra
E
Kupeli Akkol
D031162:Achillea; D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019448:Ethnobotany; D005260:Female; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012074:Remission Induction
D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts
Achillea biebersteinii; Cytokine; Experimental endometriosis model; Rat