Symptom burden and its association with change in glucose metabolism status over a 7-year period: the Hoorn Study.
OBJECTIVE
To study symptom burden among older people and its associations with change in glucose metabolism status over a 7-year period.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective population-based cohort study among 397 older people. We used the revised Diabetes Symptom Checklist to assess symptom burden. Glucose metabolism status was determined using an oral glucose tolerance test. Analyses were adjusted for multiple confounders, including cardiovascular risk and risk of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score ≥ 16).


RESULTS
Revised Diabetes Symptom Checklist total scores (range 0-100) increased slightly over time among people with normal glucose metabolism (mean difference β1.04; P = 0.04) and those with impaired glucose metabolism (β1.96; P = 0.01), but not among people with Type 2 diabetes (β0.46; P = 0.55). These associations between symptom burden and glucose status were attenuated after full adjustment for multiple confounders and remained statistically significant for those with impaired glucose status. Linear mixed models showed significant mean differences in revised Diabetes Symptom Checklist total scores over time when comparing people with Type 2 diabetes with those with normal or impaired glucose metabolism, but not when comparing subjects with impaired vs normal glucose metabolism; these results did not alter after full adjustment.


CONCLUSIONS
Symptom burden increased gradually over time in the people with impaired glucose metabolism and those with normal glucose metabolism, but not in patients with Type 2 diabetes over a 7-year follow-up period.
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
R
R
van der Pols-Vijlbrief
J M
JM
Dekker
C D
CD
Stehouwer
M R
MR
de Boer
G
G
Nijpels
F J
FJ
Snoek
M C
MC
Adriaanse
D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin