The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: validation of the Urdu translation.
OBJECTIVE
To translate and validate the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a standardized self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of subjective sleep quality into the Urdu language.


METHODS
Validation study.


METHODS
Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from March to April 2012.


METHODS
The PSQI was translated into Urdu following standard guidelines. The final Urdu version (PSQI-U) was administered to 200 healthy volunteers comprising medical students, nursing staff and doctors. Inter-item correlation was assessed by calculating Cronbach alpha. Correlation of component scores with global score was assessed by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient. Correlation between global PSQI-U scores at baseline with global scores for each PSQI-U and PSQI-E at 4-week interval was evaluated by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient. Moreover, scores on individual items of the scale at baseline were compared with respective scores after 4-week by t-test.


RESULTS
One hundred and eighty five (185) participants completed the PSQI-U at baseline. The Cronbach alpha for PSQI-U was 0.56. Scores on individual components of the PSQI-U and composite scores were all highly correlated with each other (all p-values < 0.01). Composite scores for PSQI-U at baseline and PSQI-E at 4-week interval were also highly correlated with each other (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.74, p-value < 0.01) indicating good linguistic interchangeability. Composite scores for PSQI-U at baseline and at 4-week interval were positively correlated with each other (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.70, p < 0.01) indicating good test-retest reliability.


CONCLUSIONS
The PSQI-U is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of sleep quality. It shows good linguistic interchangeability and test-retest reliability in comparison to the original English version when applied to individuals who speak the Urdu language. The PSQI-U can be a tool either for clinical management or research.
Department of Psychiatry, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Ali Madeeh
AM
Hashmi
Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Centre at Hennepin County Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minnesota, USA.
Imran Shuja
IS
Khawaja
Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Zeeshan
Z
Butt
Medical Student, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Muhammad
M
Umair
Medical Student, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Suhaib Haider
SH
Naqvi
Medical Student, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Jawad-Ul-Haq
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations