[Effect of a novel plant molluscicide "Luo-wei" against Oncomelania hupensis in plateau mountain areas].
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of a novel plant molluscicide, 4%"Luo-wei" (Tea-seed distilled saponins, TDS) against Oncomelania hupensis snails in plateau mountain areas in Yunnan Province.


METHODS
The immersing and spraying experiments were carried out in the ditches and grassland of Xiaolian Administrative Village in Heqing County, Yunnan Province, to assess the molluscicidal effect of 4% TDS comparing with 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) in different environments and time.


RESULTS
After immersion for 24, 48 h and 72 h, the snail death rates were 70.67%, 87.33% and 98.67% in the TDS group, whereas being 77.33%, 96.67% and 100.00% in the WPN group, respectively. The differences of the death rates between the two groups 24 h and 72 h after immersing were not statistically significant ( chi2(24h) =1.73, chi2(72h) = 2.01, both P values > 0.05). Seven days after the immersing experiments, the occurrence rate of frames with living snails and the death rate of snails were 20.00% and 93.03% in the TDS group, while those were 13.33% and 95.76% in the WPN group, and there were no significant differences of the 2 indexes between the 2 groups ( chi(2)(Occurrence rate) = 2.27, chi(2)(Death rate) = 0.94, all P values > 0.05). After spraying for 1, 3, 7 d and 15 d, in both groups, the occurrence rates of frames with living snails and the average densities of living snails gradually declined, while the death rates of snails gradually increased with the extension of time. There were no statistically significant differences of the above 3 indexes between the 2 groups (all P values > 0.05). Fifteen days after the spraying experiment, the occurrence rate of frames with living snails and the adjusted death rate of snails were 15.00% and 87.39% in the TDS group and those were 16.67% and 89.32% in the WPN group, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The molluscicidal effect of TDS is satisfying in plateau mountain areas, and the molluscicide is worthy of further extension and application.
Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China.
Ning-Bo
NB
Huang
Heqing Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Yunnan Province, China.
Bing-Gui
BG
Li
Heqing Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Yunnan Province, China.
Wen-Bao
WB
Li
Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China.
Xi-Guang
XG
Feng
Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China.
Meng-Tao
MT
Xiong
Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China.
Liang
L
Li
Heqing Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Yunnan Province, China.
Liang-Xian
LX
Mu
Heqing Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Yunnan Province, China.
Shu-Hui
SH
Tian
Heqing Station of Schistosomiasis Control, Yunnan Province, China.
Ping
P
Li
Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China.
Zhi-Zhong
ZZ
Song
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, China.
Tie-Wu
TW
Jia
D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D011156:Population Density; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects*
D008975:Molluscacides; D012503:Saponins; D009534:Niclosamide