Five-year prospective study of paediatric acute otitis media in Rochester, NY: modelling analysis of the risk of pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx and infection.
During a 5-year prospective study of nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization and acute otitis media (AOM) infections in children during the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) era (July 2006-June 2011) we studied risk factors for NP colonization and AOM. NP samples were collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months during well-child visits. Additionally, NP and middle ear fluid (MEF) samples were collected at onset of every AOM episode. From 1825 visits (n = 464 children), 5301 NP and 570 MEF samples were collected and analysed for potential otopathogens. Daycare attendance, NP colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis, and siblings aged <5 years increased the risk of Streptococcus pneumoniae NP colonization. NP colonization with S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, or Haemophilus influenzae and a family history of OM increased the risk of AOM. Risk factors that increase the risk of pneumococcal AOM will be important to reassess as we move into a new 13-valent PCV era, especially co-colonization with other potential otopathogens.
Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute,Rochester, NY,USA.
V
V
Friedel
Department of Information Sciences and Technologies,Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester, NY,USA.
S
S
Zilora
Department of Information Sciences and Technologies,Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester, NY,USA.
D
D
Bogaard
Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute,Rochester, NY,USA.
J R
JR
Casey
Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute,Rochester, NY,USA.
M E
ME
Pichichero
D000208:Acute Disease; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045828:Moraxellaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines