All-trans-retinoic acid improves cholestasis in α-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated rats and Mdr2-/- mice.
Chronic cholestasis results in liver injury and eventually liver failure. Although ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) showed limited benefits in primary biliary cirrhosis, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapy for chronic cholestatic disorders. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a potent suppressor of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis. atRA also repressed the expression of tumor growth factor-β and collagen 1A1 in activated primary human stellate cells and LX2 cells. When administered together with UDCA to bile duct-ligated rats, this combined therapy significantly reduced the bile acid pool size and improved liver conditions. To further examine whether atRA alone or in combination with UDCA has greater beneficial effects than UDCA treatment alone, we assessed this treatment in two additional chronic cholestatic rodent models: α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-treated rats and the Mdr2(-/-) (Abcb4(-/-)) knockout mouse. atRA alone significantly reduced bile duct proliferation, inflammation, and hydroxyproline levels in ANIT-treated rats, whereas the combination of atRA and UDCA significantly reduced plasma bile salt level compared with UDCA treatment. atRA alone or in combination with UDCA significantly reduced plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase and bile salts in 12-week-old Mdr2(-/-) mice. Reduced bile duct proliferation and inflammation were also observed in the livers of these mice. Together, atRA alone or in combination with UDCA significantly reduced the severity of liver injury in these two animal models, further supporting the combination treatment of atRA and UDCA as a potential new therapy for patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease who have not responded fully to UDCA.
Department of Internal Medicine and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Shi-Ying
SY
Cai
Albert
A
Mennone
Carol J
CJ
Soroka
James L
JL
Boyer
D015058:1-Naphthylisothiocyanate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000097202:ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
D015058:1-Naphthylisothiocyanate; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D014212:Tretinoin; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D000097202:ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4