Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS-M) among Type 2 diabetic patients.
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to translate and examine the psychometric properties of the Malaysian version of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS-M) among type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) and to assess the correlation between osteoporosis knowledge, health belief and self-efficacy scales, as well as assess the osteoporosis risk in the sample population using quantitative ultrasound measurement (QUS).


METHODS
A standard 'forward-backward' procedure was used to translate OHBS into the Malay language, which was then validated with a convenience sample of 250 T2DM. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were carried out using QUS at the calcaneus.


RESULTS
The mean score of OHBS-M was 158.31 ± 20.80. The Fleiss' kappa, content validity ratio range and content validity index were 0.99, 0.75-1.00 and 0.88, respectively. Seven factors of the OHBS-M were identified using exploratory factor analysis and were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability values were 0.89 and 0.555, respectively. In addition, only 22% had a normal BMD (low risk of abnormal BMD), while osteopenia and osteoporosis were 57.6% and 20.4% (considered as high risk of abnormal BMD), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that the OHBS-M is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring health belief toward osteoporosis in diabetic patients. In addition, it is an appropriate tool to identify patients needing a bone health-promoting intervention regarding lifestyle behavior changes in a clinical setting. Moreover, the sample population showed high risk of osteoporosis and would subsequently benefit from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning for definite evaluation and treatment.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Shaymaa A
SA
Abdulameer
Syed A
SA
Syed Sulaiman
Mohamed A
MA
Hassali
Mohanad N
MN
Sahib
Karuppiah
K
Subramaniam
D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D015519:Bone Density; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D014463:Ultrasonography
diabetes; osteoporosis health beliefs; reliability; validity