Health workers, health facilities and penile cutting in papua new guinea: implications for male circumcision as an HIV prevention strategy.
There has been increasing interest in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in male circumcision (MC) for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) prevention following compelling evidence from ecological studies and clinical trials in Africa, and the World Health Organization's recommendation in 2007 that MC be considered part of comprehensive HIV prevention programs in high-prevalence settings. Though no national policy has been established in PNG, East Sepik Province (ESP) commenced a formal program of MC in 2006, and there is evidence that PNG health workers are involved in other penile foreskin cutting activities in many areas. As part of a wider Male Circumcision Acceptability and Impact Study in PNG, we conducted an audit at a sample of PNG health facilities to assess their suitability for implementing a national MC program, and to identify issues that may arise in any future roll-out. The clinical audits demonstrated the difficulties with procurement and availability of equipment for general services around PNG, shortage of staff and capacity, and limitations of available clinical space. Results show that the ESP program has been successful; however, the success relies heavily on commitment from key workers to volunteer their time and services. A review of penile cutting activities by health care workers outside of the ESP program showed that the PNG health system is already involved in contemporary and traditional penile cutting practices via formal and informal arrangements: for example, by responding to complications from penile cuts performed by non-health workers, assisting community members to perform penile cutting through provision of equipment and advice, or providing regular penile foreskin cutting services for contemporary and traditional practices.
Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. anna.tynan@uqconnect.edu.au
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Tynan
Public Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Vallely
Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka,
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Kelly
Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka,
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Kupul
Sexual Health and Disease Control Branch, Papua New Guinea Department of Health, Port Moresby.
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Law
Sexual Health and Disease Control Branch, Papua New Guinea Department of Health, Port Moresby.
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Millan
Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka,
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Siba
Public Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Kaldor
Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Hill
D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003133:Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015994:Incidence; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D016730:Program Development; D036301:Qualitative Research