Pneumococcal serotype distribution in 1315 nasopharyngeal swabs from a highly vaccinated cohort of Italian children as detected by RT-PCR.
The long term impact of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on pneumococcal colonization patterns remains unclear. Carriage and distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes as detected by RT-PCR were evaluated in a cohort of 1315 children. S. pneumoniae was identified in the nasopharyngeal swab of 734 children (55.8%); 488/734 (66.5%) children carried more than 1 pneumococcal serotype. As a consequence of co-colonization, a total of 1,728 S. pneumoniae (belonging to 33 serotypes) were identified. As immunogenicity between 2 and 3 doses of PCV7 in the first year of life has been demonstrated to be similar, serotypes distribution was evaluated categorizing vaccination status as 0,1 and 2 or more doses in the first year of life. Among children who started vaccination in the first year of life, PCV7 serotypes were carried in 296 of 1,123 (29.5%) children who had received ≥2 PCV7 doses while were carried in 26 of 108 (26.8%) who had received no doses (p=not significant); only 17 children received 1 PCV7 and 3 of them were found positive for PCV7 serotypes. Among those who had received ≥2 doses of PCV7 in the first year of life, 47 of 192 (19.7%) carried a PCV7 serotype during the first year after last vaccination, 50 of 125 (28.6%) during the second year, 79 of 224 (35.3%) during the third year, and 65 of 143 (45.5%) during the fourth year (p 0.0001). We did not identify risk factors for PCV7 carriage among children that had received >2 vaccine doses. This study suggests that S. pneumoniae is present in the nasopharynx of the majority of children 0-5 years even if vaccinated, that PCV7 serotypes can be found in nasopharyngeal swabs of PCV7 vaccinated children and that the frequency of PCV7 serotypes increases with the increase of interval from vaccination.
Center for Research and Education of Family Pediatricians (CESPER), via Gozzi 24, 35131 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: pasinato@goldnet.it.
Angela
A
Pasinato
Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University-Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, Firenze, Italy. Electronic address: g.indolfi@meyer.it.
Giuseppe
G
Indolfi
Pediatric Clinic 1, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Pediatric Clinic 1, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
Paola
P
Marchisio
Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University-Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, Firenze, Italy.
Claudia
C
Valleriani
Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University-Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, Firenze, Italy.
Martina
M
Cortimiglia
Center for Research and Education of Family Pediatricians (CESPER), via Gozzi 24, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Valter
V
Spanevello
Center for Research and Education of Family Pediatricians (CESPER), Verona, Italy.
Giampietro
G
Chiamenti
Center for Research and Rducation of Family Pediatricians (CESPER), Bergamo, Italy.
Roberto
R
Buzzetti
Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University-Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, Firenze, Italy.
Massimo
M
Resti
Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University-Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, Firenze, Italy.
Chiara
C
Azzari
D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines
7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Nasopharyngeal carriage; Real time-polymerase chain reaction; Serotypes; Streptococcus pneumoniae