Neural response during explicit and implicit face processing varies developmentally in bipolar disorder.
Both children and adults with bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit face emotion labeling deficits and neural circuitry dysfunction in response to emotional faces. However, few studies have compared these groups directly to distinguish effects of age and diagnosis. Such studies are important to begin to elucidate the developmental trajectory of BD and facilitate its diagnosis, prevention and treatment. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study compares 41 individuals with BD (19 children; 22 adults) and 44 age-matched healthy individuals (25 children; 19 adults) when making explicit or implicit judgments about angry or happy face morphs across a range of emotion intensity. Linear trend analyses revealed that BD patients, irrespective of age, failed to recruit the amygdala in response to increasing angry face. This finding was no longer significant when the group was restricted to euthymic youth or those without comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder although this may reflect low statistical power. Deficits in subgenual anterior cingulate modulation were observed in both patient groups but were related to implicit processing for child patients and explicit processing for adult patients. Abnormalities in face emotion labeling and the circuitry mediating it may be biomarkers of BD that are present across development.
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA cdeveney@wellesley.edu.
Christen M
CM
Deveney
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Melissa A
MA
Brotman
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Laura A
LA
Thomas
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Kendra E
KE
Hinton
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Eli M
EM
Muhrer
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Richard C
RC
Reynolds
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Nancy E
NE
Adleman
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Carlos A
CA
Zarate
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Daniel S
DS
Pine
Emotion and Development Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, and Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ellen
E
Leibenluft
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
D010100:Oxygen