Antibiotrophs: The complexity of antibiotic-subsisting and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
Widespread overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of numerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria; among these are antibiotic-subsisting strains capable of surviving in environments with antibiotics as the sole carbon source. This unparalleled expansion of antibiotic resistance reveals the potent and diversified resistance abilities of certain bacterial strains. Moreover, these strains often possess hypermutator phenotypes and virulence transmissibility competent for genomic and proteomic propagation and pathogenicity. Pragmatic and prospicient approaches will be necessary to develop efficient therapeutic methods against such bacteria and to understand the extent of their genomic adaptability. This review aims to reveal the niches of these antibiotic-catabolizing microbes and assesses the underlying factors linking natural microbial antibiotic production, multidrug resistance, and antibiotic-subsistence.
a Division of Biological and Health Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Bradford , PA , USA and.
Yvon
Y
Woappi
a Division of Biological and Health Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Bradford , PA , USA and.
Prashant
P
Gabani
b Department of Computer Science , Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , USA.
Arya
A
Singh
a Division of Biological and Health Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Bradford , PA , USA and.
Om V
OV
Singh
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D019450:Genes, MDR; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D064878:Web Browser
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
Antibiotic-production; antibiotic-resistance; antibiotic-subsistence; antibiotrophs; extremophiles; gene-transfer; multi-drug resistance; systems biology