Withanolides from Physalis minima and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.
Six new withanolides (1-6), including two uncommon 1,10-seco withanolides (1 and 2), together with five known withanolides (7-11), were isolated from the whole plants of Physalis minima Linn.. The structures of new compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic methods, including (1)H, (13)C NMR, 2D-NMR, HRESIMS and circular dichroism (CD). Inhibitory effects of the isolates on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccaride-activated RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated. Compounds 2 and 5 showed strong inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 8.04 and 10.01 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 9 and 10 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values from 25.54 to 43.58 μM.
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
Yu-Zhou
YZ
Guan
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
Si-Ming
SM
Shan
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
Wei
W
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: luojg99@163.com.
Jian-Guang
JG
Luo
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: cpu_lykong@126.com.
Ling-Yi
LY
Kong
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D032321:Physalis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D054358:Withanolides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D054358:Withanolides; D009569:Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide; Physalis minima; Physaminimins A–F; Withanolides