Brazil's staple food and incident diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Brazil's staple food, rice, beans and manioc, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in adults assisted by a Brazilian Family Doctor Program (FDP).


METHODS
The baseline information was collected on visits to 13 units of the FDP from July 2006 to December 2007 (CAMELIA Study). The units were revisited by trained researchers between July and December 2011, who reviewed medical records of all participants of the baseline. Biochemical, anthropometrical and blood pressure measurements, new diagnoses, and medical prescriptions were collected. Individuals ages ≥20 y, who were non-diabetic at baseline were included (N = 409). Food consumption was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Incident of diabetes was classified according to fasting serum glucose (≥126 mg/dL), individual's use of antidiabetic drugs, and/or diagnosis of diabetes described in the medical record. Individuals who were negative at baseline and also were negative for the above conditions were classified as non-diabetics.


RESULTS
Individuals who developed T2DM (N = 30) reported higher consumption of red meat and beans and less consumption of cassava flour, independent of the interval between visits and other potential confounding variables. The cassava flour showed a protective effect (relative risk, 0.910; 95% confidence interval, 0.842-0.982).


CONCLUSIONS
The consumption of cassava flour, a low-cost product, could be considered in diets for the prevention and control of diabetes. The hypothesis must be investigated in cohorts from different populations and tested in randomized controlled trials.
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: mluizagr@gmail.com.
Maria Luiza Garcia
ML
Rosa
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Paula M
PM
Falcão
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Edna Massae
EM
Yokoo
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rubens Antunes
RA
da Cruz Filho
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Veronica Miranda
VM
Alcoforado
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Barbara da Silva Nalin
Bda S
de Souza
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fernanda Neves
FN
Pinto
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques do Paraná 303 - 3o andar anexo. Centro-Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Aline Barreto
AB
Nery
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D002365:Manihot; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents
Brazil; Food; Incident diabetes; Staple food; Type 2 diabetes mellitus