Comparison of Physical Fitness among Smoker and Non-Smoker Men.
BACKGROUND
It is well documented that cigarette smoking has negative impacts on body health, as well as social health, economy, culture, etc. Nowadays, there is a large body of evidence that smoking is the cause of numerous life-threatening diseases like cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases along with different kinds of cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the physical fitness of smokers and non smokers.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 non-sportsmen (34 non-smokers and 30 smokers) aging 19-27 years. Both groups were matched for age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI). The smokers used cigarettes at least 5 cigarettes a day for 2 years. None of them had a musculoskeletal disease. We used a questionnaire and physical fitness tests for data gathering. The tests were used to measure muscle strength, endurance, speed, agility and flexibility in both groups.


RESULTS
The muscle strength was significantly different in smokers and non-smokers (P = 0.012). Moreover, smokers had less agility (P = 0.004) and speed (P = 0.008) than non-smokers. However, although smokers were weaker than non- smokers, the differences in muscle endurance (P = 0.066) and flexibility (P = 0.095) were not the statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
According to these results, the smokers were less powerful than nonsmokers. In addition, physical activity skills in young smokers were decreased. Therefore, smoking will cause a gradual loss of physical strength and active personal and social power.
Instructor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Farzaneh
F
Moslemi-Haghighi
PhD Student, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Iman
I
Rezaei
Instructor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Farahnaz
F
Ghaffarinejad
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Reza
R
Lari
Instructor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Fatemeh
F
Pouya
Muscle; Physical fitness; Tobacco