Long noncoding RNA in liver diseases.
The identification of the presence of large RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins but that may have biological functions has provided an important new perspective in gene regulation. These long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly recognized to contribute to many biological processes through diverse mechanisms. The roles of these emerging genes are being recognized across kingdoms. These findings are profoundly altering our understanding of disease pathobiology and leading to the emergence of new biological concepts underlying human diseases. Strategies for the discovery and characterization of lncRNAs are highlighted. Several lncRNAs have been described in liver disease, and in liver cancers in particular. Their molecular mechanisms of action, function, and contributions to disease pathophysiology are reviewed. LncRNA genes associated with liver diseases have potential roles as biomarkers of disease diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic response as well as direct targets for therapeutic intervention.


CONCLUSIONS
The emerging knowledge in this rapidly advancing field offers promise for new fundamental knowledge and clinical applications that will be relevant for human liver diseases.
Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
Kenji
K
Takahashi
Irene
I
Yan
Hiroaki
H
Haga
Tushar
T
Patel
D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding