Chronic sleep restriction disrupts sleep homeostasis and behavioral sensitivity to alcohol by reducing the extracellular accumulation of adenosine.
Sleep impairments are comorbid with a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including depression, epilepsy, and alcohol abuse. Despite the prevalence of these disorders, the cellular mechanisms underlying the interaction between sleep disruption and behavior remain poorly understood. In this study, the impact of chronic sleep loss on sleep homeostasis was examined in C57BL/6J mice following 3 d of sleep restriction. The electroencephalographic power of slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.5-4 Hz) in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and adenosine tone were measured during and after sleep restriction, and following subsequent acute sleep deprivation. During the first day of sleep restriction, SWA and adenosine tone increased, indicating a homeostatic response to sleep loss. On subsequent days, SWA declined, and this was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in adenosine tone caused by a loss of one source of extracellular adenosine. Furthermore, the response to acute sleep deprivation (6 h) was significantly attenuated in sleep-restricted mice. These effects were long-lasting with reduced SWA and adenosine tone persisting for at least 2 weeks. To investigate the behavioral consequences of chronic sleep restriction, sensitivity to the motor-impairing effects of alcohol was also examined. Sleep-restricted mice were significantly less sensitive to alcohol when tested 24 h after sleep restriction, an effect that persisted for 4 weeks. Intracerebroventricular infusion of an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist produced a similar decrease in sensitivity to alcohol. These results suggest that chronic sleep restriction induces a sustained impairment in adenosine-regulated sleep homeostasis and consequentially impacts the response to alcohol.
Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, and New York University, Neuroscience Institute, New York, New York 10016.
Jerome
J
Clasadonte
Sally R
SR
McIver
Luke I
LI
Schmitt
Michael M
MM
Halassa
Philip G
PG
Haydon
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000438:Alcohols / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013806:Theophylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013868:Thioinosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
D000438:Alcohols; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; C053907:8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine; C058394:2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine; D013868:Thioinosine; D013806:Theophylline; C001789:4-nitrobenzylthioinosine; D000241:Adenosine
EEG; adenosine; alcohol; allostasis; hippocampus; sleep