From dehydration to hyperhidration isotonic and diuretic drinks and hyperhydratant aids in sport.
The needs of water and electrolytes are quite variants, depending on age, physiological or environmental conditions. In most long-term sports, usual weight loss of 3-6%, affect in athletic performance. The effects of a 6% dehydration could be improved with individualized diet-specific nutritional strategies and allow only a 2-3% dehydration, which affect metabolic efficiency but will not risk the health. On the contrary, hyperhydration can be dangerous and is associated with hyponatremia that can cause cerebral edema or respiratory failure. Sports drinks should moisturize, providing minerals and carbohydrates and increase the absorption of water by an ideal combination of salts and sugars. Therefore, it is important to provide correct hydration -protocols before, during and after physical activity, as well as know possible limitations of the sport.
Profesor de Fisiología del Esfuerzo y Nutrición Deportiva. Centro Público para la Enseñanza de Deportes. KIROLENE. Gobierno Vasco.. aritz.urdampilleta@ehu.es.
Aritz
A
Urdampilleta
Saioa
S
Gómez-Zorita
D001628:Beverages; D003681:Dehydration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000188:drug therapy; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
D004232:Diuretics; D004573:Electrolytes