Inhibition of Fusarium graminearum growth and mycotoxin production by phenolic extract from Spirulina sp.
Fusarium graminearum is a fungal species complex pathogenic occurring worldwide, mainly associated with cereal crops. The most important Fusarium mycotoxins are fumonisins, zearalenone and trichothecenes. The availability of efficient control measures that are less harmful to both the environment and the consumers is urgent. For such, phenolic acids (PAs) from natural sources are known to reduce fungal contaminations. This work aimed to identify the PAs present in a culture extract of Spirulina algae (strain LEB-18) and evaluate its effect on mycelial growth rate, glucosamine level, amylase activity and mycotoxin production by four strains of two lineages of F. graminearum. Results showed that amendment of potato dextrose media with LEB-18 extract (3% w/v), which was mainly composed by gallic acid, greatly reduced radial growth of fungal colonies compared to media containing a single PA and the control. Also, average reductions of 40% and 62% in the glucosamine levels and the amylase activity were observed. In general, the LEB-18 extract and the PAs reduced mycotoxin concentration, with an average reduction of 68% for the trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and nivalenol.
Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: nandapagnu@terra.com.br.
Fernanda Arnhold
FA
Pagnussatt
Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Emerson Medeiros
EM
Del Ponte
Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Jaqueline
J
Garda-Buffon
Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Eliana
E
Badiale-Furlong
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053545:Spirulina / Q000737:chemistry*
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D009183:Mycotoxins; C017616:phenolic acid
Gibberella zeae; Glucosamine; Mycelial growth; Mycotoxins; Natural fungicide; Phenolic acid