Acute antibody-mediated rejection of the kidney transplant - experience of a single center in Croatia.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the experience of the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital Rijeka, Croatia, in the treatment of patients with acute humoral rejection (AHR) of kidney transplant by using high dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) alone and as a first line treatment.


METHODS
Eight kidney transplant recipients in whom the AHR appeared at different time after the transplantation were reported. At the time of transplantation cross-match in all patients was negative for both T and B cells. At the time of presentation, all patients had signs of renal allograft dysfunction and the rejection was proven by biopsy of the kidney transplant with positive C4d-staining and histopathological evidence of antibody-mediated injury. Early rejection was considered within 180 days after the transplantation and the late one 180 days after the transplantation. In two cases plasmapheresis (PAF) with albumin as replacement fluid was performed. Plasma exchange was done with a 35 mL/kg/body weight volume exchange with albumin for six times.


RESULTS
Acute humoral rejection was classified as early in three patients and in five as late one. In two patients PAF had been performed as the first line treatment. After the completion of PAF, recuperation of severe graft dysfunction was incomplete and in addition IVIG (as a single dose of 2.0 g/kg) was administered to these patients. In six patients IVIG as a single dose of 2.0 g/kg was applied as the first line treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Usage of high dose IVIG in the treatment of the acute humoral rejection is efficient, safe and relatively well tolerated.
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
Lidija
L
Orlić
Branka
B
Sladoje-Martinović
Ivana
I
Mikolašević
Martina
M
Pavletić Peršić
Ivan
I
Bubić
Ita
I
Jelić
Sanjin
S
Rački
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D017523:Croatia; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
D000906:Antibodies; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors