The hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the fruits of Balanites aegypticea in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
BACKGROUND
Balanites aegypticea is used medically for many purposes e.g. anti-spasmodic, stomach pain, malaria, and yellow fever. The extract of the fruit is also used to reduce the blood glucose levels.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of the aqueous extract of the fruits of the Balanites aegypticea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.


METHODS
Twenty-five adult male Vistar rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly collected and divided into 5 groups (5 rats in each group). The untreated rats (negative control group) received basal diet and tap water only for 15 days. The experimental rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight). The fruit of Balanites aegypticea was powdered, extracted, and dried using organic solvents. The diabetic rats received aqueous extract 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg, respectively, for 2 weeks. Plasma glucose levels were measured by using Glucose GOD-PAP method through spectrophotometer.


RESULTS
The results showed that 800 mg/kg aqueous extract decrease significantly the plasma glucose level (P ≤ 0.05) in diabetic rats, and there is a considerable gain in body weight (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the diabetic control group. Four-hundred mg/kg aqueous extract has a mild effect on body weights and plasma glucose levels, while 200 mg/kg aqueous extract has no significant effect on plasma glucose level and a little effect on body weight.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of the presented study revealed that the aqueous extract of Balanites aegypticea has hypoglycemic properties. It can decrease the plasma glucose level and can improve weight in diabetic experimental animals.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abdella Emam Abdella
AE
Baragob
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Waleed Hassan
WH
Almalki
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Imran
I
Shahid
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Fatimah Abdullah
FA
Bakhdhar
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hanouf Saeed
HS
Bafhaid
Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Republic of Sudan.
Omar Muhammad Izz
OM
Eldeen
Balanites aegypticea; diabetic rats; hypoglycemic effect; plasma glucose level