Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitric Oxide (NO) by Gelidium elegans Using Alternative Drying and Extraction Conditions in 3T3-L1 and RAW 264.7 Cells.
Gelidium (G.) elegans is a red alga inhabiting intertidal areas of North East Asia. We examined anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of G. elegans, depending on drying and extraction conditions, by determining reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in 3T3-L1 and RAW 264.7 cells. Extraction yields of samples using hot air drying (HD) and far-infrared ray drying (FID) were significantly higher than those using natural air drying (ND). The 70% ethanol extracts showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents compared to other extracts (0, 30, and 50% ethanol) under tested drying conditions. The scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitrite correlated with total phenol or flavonoid content in the extracts. The greatest DPPH scavenging effect was observed in 70% ethanol extract from FID and HD conditions. The production of ROS and NO in 3T3-L1 and macrophage cells greatly decreased with the 70% ethanol extraction derived from FID. This study suggests that 70% ethanol extraction of G. elegans dried by FID is the most optimal condition to obtain efficiently antioxidant compounds of G. elegans.
Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi 463-836, Korea.
Hui-Jeon
HJ
Jeon
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi 463-836, Korea.
Hyeon-Son
HS
Choi
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Gangwon 200-701, Korea.
Ok-Hwan
OH
Lee
Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
You-Jin
YJ
Jeon
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi 463-836, Korea.
Boo-Yong
BY
Lee
Gelidium elegans; ROS/RNS production; ethanol extraction; far-infrared ray drying; radical scavenging activity