Frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of variants of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults presenting with nephrotic syndrome.
BACKGROUND



BACKGROUND
There is no information on the frequency and clinicopathological presentation of the variants of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in adults presenting with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in Pakistan.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of different histologic variants of primary FSGS with INS at our center and to compare our findings with those published in literature.


METHODS
All consecutive adults (≥18 years) with INS, and diagnosis of FSGS on renal biopsies, were included. Their clinicopathological features at the time of presentation were retrieved and compared among the variants.


RESULTS
There were 120 (65.2%) males and 64 (34.8%) females. The mean age was 30.62±12.02 years. The mean 24-hr urinary protein excretion was 4.69±2.36 grams. Microscopic hematuria was found in 30 (16.3%) patients. The mean serum creatinine was 1.58±0.87 mg/dL. At presentation, 128 (69.6%) patients were normotensive, while 56 (30.4%) exhibited hypertension. FSGS, not otherwise specified (NOS) was the predominant variant, comprising 76.6% of all; collapsing variant comprised 12%, tip variant, 9.8%, perihilar, 1.1%, and cellular, 0.5%. The mean number of glomeruli involved by segmental scarring was 3.41±2.87 and there was significant difference among the variants (p= 0.001). Arteriolopathy was found in 23.4 % cases and fibrointimal thickening of arteries in 18.5%. Tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (IF/TA) was noted in 93% of cases. There was no significant difference in vasculopathy and IF/TA among the variants.


CONCLUSIONS
Collapsing variant was the second most common variant following NOS and these findings are different from other regional studies.
Histopathology Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
Shaheera
S
Shakeel
Histopathology Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammed
M
Mubarak
Histopathology Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
Javed
J
I Kazi
Nephrology Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
Nazrul
N
Jafry
Nephrology Department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ejaz
E
Ahmed
Adults; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; Histological variants; Nephrotic syndrome; Pakistan