Perinatal multiple exposure to neurotoxic (lead, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and aluminum) substances and neurodevelopment at six and 24 months of age.
We studied neurodevelopment in infants from two communities. Children living in the vicinity of tin-ore kilns and smelters - TOKS; n = 51) were compared to children from a fishing village (Itapuã; n = 45). Mean hair-Hg (HHg) concentrations were significantly higher in Itapuã children which received significantly (p = 0.0000001) less mean ethylmercury (88.6 μg) from Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCV) than the TOKS children (120 μg). Breast-milk Pb concentrations were significantly higher in the TOKS mothers (p = 0.000017; 10.04 vs. 3.9 μg L(-1)). Bayley mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) were statistically significant (respectively p < 0.0000001, p = 0.000007) lower for the TOKS children only at 24 months of age. Multivariate regression analysis showed that MDI was negatively affected by breast-milk Pb and by HHg. PDI was positively affected by breastfeeding and negatively affected by ethylmercury. Milestone achievements were negatively affected by breast-milk Pb (age of walking) and by HHg (age of talking).
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, CEP 27930-560 RJ, Brazil.
Rejane C
RC
Marques
University of Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970 DF, Brasil.
José V E
JV
Bernardi
University of Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970 DF, Brasil. Electronic address: jg.dorea@gmail.com.
José G
JG
Dórea
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil.
Maria
M
de Fatima R Moreira
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902 RJ, Brazil.
Olaf
O
Malm
D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005035:Ethylmercury Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism; D009035:Mothers; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
D005035:Ethylmercury Compounds; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D007854:Lead; D000535:Aluminum
Breast-milk; Ethyl-mercury; Fish consumption; Hair; Lactation; Methyl-mercury; Pregnancy