Structural basis of efficient contagion: measles variations on a theme by parainfluenza viruses.
A quartet of attachment proteins and a trio of fusion protein subunits play the cell entry concert of parainfluenza viruses. While many of these viruses bind sialic acid to enter cells, wild type measles binds exclusively two tissue-specific proteins, the lymphatic receptor signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), and the epithelial receptor nectin-4. SLAM binds near the stalk-head junction of the hemagglutinin. Nectin-4 binds a hydrophobic groove located between blades 4 and 5 of the hemagglutinin β-propeller head. The mutated vaccine strain hemagglutinin binds in addition the ubiquitous protein CD46, which explains attenuation. The measles virus entry concert has four movements. Andante misterioso: the virus takes over the immune system. Allegro con brio: it rapidly spreads in the upper airway's epithelia. 'Targeting' fugue: the versatile orchestra takes off. Presto furioso: the virus exits the host with thunder. Be careful: music is contagious.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Graduate School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Mathieu
M
Mateo
Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Graduate School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Chanakha K
CK
Navaratnarajah
Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Graduate School, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: cattaneo.roberto@mayo.edu.
Roberto
R
Cattaneo
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008457:Measles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008459:Measles virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1; D000075983:Nectins
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1; C442228:NECTIN4 protein, human; D000075983:Nectins