A new surveillance and response tool: risk map of infected Oncomelania hupensis detected by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) from pooled samples.
Although schistosomiasis remains a serious health problem worldwide, significant achievements in schistosomiasis control has been made in the People's Republic of China. The disease has been eliminated in five out of 12 endemic provinces, and the prevalence in remaining endemic areas is very low and is heading toward elimination. A rapid and sensitive method for monitoring the distribution of infected Oncomelania hupensis is urgently required. We applied a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting 28S rDNA for the rapid and effective detection of Schistosoma japonicum DNA in infected and prepatent infected O. hupensis snails. The detection limit of the LAMP method was 100 fg of S. japonicum genomic DNA. To promote the application of the approach in the field, the LAMP assay was used to detect infection in pooled samples of field-collected snails. In the pooled sample detection, snails were collected from 28 endemic areas, and 50 snails from each area were pooled based on the maximum pool size estimation, crushed together and DNA was extracted from each pooled sample as template for the LAMP assay. Based on the formula for detection from pooled samples, the proportion of positive pooled samples and the positive proportion of O. hupensis detected by LAMP of Xima village reached 66.67% and 1.33%, while those of Heini, Hongjia, Yangjiang and Huangshan villages were 33.33% and 0.67%, and those of Tuanzhou and Suliao villages were 16.67% and 0.33%, respectively. The remaining 21 monitoring field sites gave negative results. A risk map for the transmission of schistosomiasis was constructed using ArcMap, based on the positive proportion of O. hupensis infected with S. japonicum, as detected by the LAMP assay, which will form a guide for surveillance and response strategies in high risk areas.
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
Qun-Bo
QB
Tong
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
Rui
R
Chen
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, P.R. China.
Yi
Y
Zhang
Jiangsu Institute of Schistosomiasis, Wuxi, P.R. China.
Guo-Jing
GJ
Yang
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Department of International Health Development, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Takashi
T
Kumagai
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Department of International Health Development, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Rieko
R
Furushima-Shimogawara
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
Di
D
Lou
Jiangsu Institute of Schistosomiasis, Wuxi, P.R. China.
Kun
K
Yang
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
Li-Yong
LY
Wen
Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China. Electronic address: llsshh2003@163.com.
Shao-Hong
SH
Lu
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Department of International Health Development, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Nobuo
N
Ohta
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, P.R. China. Electronic address: ipdzhouxn@sh163.net.
Xiao-Nong
XN
Zhou
D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012908:Snails / Q000469:parasitology*
D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP); Oncomelania hupensis; Risk map; Schistosoma japonicum; Surveillance and response