Pharmacokinetics and safety of resveratrol derivatives in humans after oral administration of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract powder.
Fruits and seeds of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) are resveratrol derivative-rich materials. Pharmacokinetics of resveratrol derivatives in healthy volunteers after oral administration of 1000 mg of melinjo seed extract (MSE) powder were assessed and compared with those after oral dosing of trans-resveratrol (tRV) powder containing 4.8 mg of tRV only, equivalent to the content in 1000 mg MSE powder. Plasma tRV concentrations with enzymatic hydrolysis were maintained over 24 h, with a tmax of 12 h and a mean residence time (MRT) of 14 h, 5 and 2 times higher than those for tRV powder intake, respectively. Gnetin C, a resveratrol dimer, with hydrolysis was maintained in plasma for >96 h with a 36 h MRT. With repeated doses once daily for 28 days, plasma tRV and gnetin C concentrations with hydrolysis were in good agreement with the theoretical curves. MSE powder was well tolerated up to the oral dosing of 5000 mg with no serious adverse events.
Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc. , 194 Ichiba, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun 708-0393, Japan.
Hiroko
H
Tani
Susumu
S
Hikami
Sanae
S
Iizuna
Maiko
M
Yoshimatsu
Takashi
T
Asama
Hidetaka
H
Ota
Yuka
Y
Kimura
Tomoki
T
Tatefuji
Ken
K
Hashimoto
Kazutaka
K
Higaki
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D035684:Gnetum / Q000737:chemistry*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011208:Powders / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D055815:Young Adult
D010936:Plant Extracts; D011208:Powders; D013267:Stilbenes; D000077185:Resveratrol