HIV status disclosure to perinatally-infected adolescents in Zimbabwe: a qualitative study of adolescent and healthcare worker perspectives.
OBJECTIVE
Due to the scale up of antiretroviral therapy, increasing numbers of HIV-infected children are living into adolescence. As these children grow and surpass the immediate threat of death, the issue of informing them of their HIV status arises. This study aimed to understand how perinatally-infected adolescents learn about their HIV-status as well as to examine their preferences for the disclosure process.


METHODS
In-depth interviews were conducted with 31 (14 male, 17 female) perinatally-infected adolescents aged 16-20 at an HIV clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe, and focused on adolescents' experiences of disclosure. In addition, 15 (1 male, 14 female) healthcare workers participated in two focus groups that were centred on healthcare workers' practices surrounding disclosure in the clinic. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. A coding frame was developed and major themes were extracted using grounded theory methods.


RESULTS
Healthcare workers encouraged caregivers to initiate disclosure in the home environment. However, many adolescents preferred disclosure to take place in the presence of healthcare workers at the clinic because it gave them access to accurate information as well as an environment that made test results seem more credible. Adolescents learned more specific information about living with an HIV-positive status and the meaning of that status from shared experiences among peers at the clinic.


CONCLUSIONS
HIV-status disclosure to adolescents is distinct from disclosure to younger children and requires tailored, age-appropriate guidelines. Disclosure to this age group in a healthcare setting may help overcome some of the barriers associated with caregivers disclosing in the home environment and make the HIV status seem more credible to an adolescent. The study also highlights the value of peer support among adolescents, which could help reduce the burden of psychosocial care on caregivers and healthcare workers.
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Khameer K
KK
Kidia
University College London, London, United Kingdom ; Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Zivai
Z
Mupambireyi
University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom ; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lucie
L
Cluver
University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Chiratidzo E
CE
Ndhlovu
University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Margaret
M
Borok
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom ; Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Rashida A
RA
Ferrand
D000293:Adolescent; D030881:Disclosure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult; D015030:Zimbabwe