Personality dimensions and deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) for treatment-resistant depression: a pilot trial on five-factor prediction of antidepressant response.
BACKGROUND
Prognostication is poor in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Personality traits, particularly extraversion and neuroticism, have attracted increasing attention for both trait- and state-dependent characteristics in predicting response to pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and more recently to therapeutic neuromodulation for MDD. The advent of deep rTMS (DTMS) allows stimulation of deeper cortical regions, and we aimed to prospectively characterize personality dimensions and antidepressant response to DTMS in treatment-resistant MDD.


METHODS
A convenience sample of 15 patients with treatment-resistant MDD received four weeks of daily sessions of DTMS (20 Hz, 3000 pulses/session) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC). At baseline and at the conclusion of treatment, patients completed the Big Five Inventory, a five-factor assessment of major personality dimensions. Clinical response was measured using the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.


RESULTS
Four weeks of DTMS treatment were not associated with changes in personality measures. Clinical remission was associated with higher baseline levels of agreeableness (score ≥ 29:100% sensitive and 72.7% specific) and conscientiousness (score ≥ 30:75% sensitive and 81.8% specific). Levels of agreeableness and extraversion were linearly associated with antidepressant response. Neuroticism was not associated with the antidepressant effects of DTMS in this cohort.


CONCLUSIONS
Five-factor personality assessment may have prognostic value in DTMS for resistant MDD. Agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness are associated with decreases in depressive symptoms during treatment with DTMS.
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Alexander
A
McGirr
Neuromodulation Research Clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Frederique
F
Van den Eynde
Depressive Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Eduardo
E
Chachamovich
Neuromodulation Research Clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Marcelo P A
MP
Fleck
Depressive Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Neuromodulation Research Clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: nrc.douglas@me.com.
Marcelo T
MT
Berlim
D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075384:Neuroticism; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation; Five-factor personality; Major depression; Personality; Transcranial magnetic stimulation