Genotype×environment interaction QTL mapping in plants: lessons from Arabidopsis.
Plant growth and development are influenced by the genetic composition of the plant (G), the environment (E), and the interaction between them (G×E). To produce suitable genotypes for multiple environments, G×E should be accounted for and assessed in plant-breeding programs. Here, we review the genetic basis of G×E and its consequence for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in biparental and genome-wide association (GWA) mapping populations. We also consider the implications of G×E for understanding plant fitness trade-offs and evolutionary ecology.
Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Mohamed
M
El-Soda
Biometris - Applied Statistics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Marcos
M
Malosetti
Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Bas J
BJ
Zwaan
Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.
Maarten
M
Koornneef
Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mark.aarts@wur.nl.
Mark G M
MG
Aarts
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D005838:Genotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci
QTL × environment interaction; antagonistic pleiotropy; genotype × environment interaction; phenotypic plasticity