Variations of physiological and innate immunological responses in goldfish (Carassius auratus) subjected to recurrent acute stress.
This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of repeated acute stress on the physiological status and non-specific immune response of goldfish, Carassius auratus. The acute stress was a succession of a 3 min-chasing period followed by a 2 min-air exposure. The goldfish in triplicate tanks were subjected 3 times daily to this stress for one (S3) or three (S9) days. A separate group of unstressed fish was used as control for each sampling time. Blood samples were collected 12, 48 and 120 h after the last stress procedure. Variations of globulin levels, plasma anti-protease and bactericidal activities were not significant in the present study. The haematological parameters and plasma total protein and albumin strongly declined in S9 fish 12 h post-stress compared to control fish. However, plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate levels in both S3 and S9 transiently increased compared to the control fish. Similarly, plasma peroxidase activity transiently increased in both stressed groups 12 h after stress. An increase in plasma lysozyme and complement activities suggested a hormesis-like effect with one-day acute stress improving the immunological response of goldfish while an extension of the stress period to three days impaired physiology and immunity for up to 5 days. This study revealed that recurrent acute stress could immunosuppress goldfish as usually expected of chronic stress.
Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan 1144, Iran. Electronic address: keslamloo@mun.ca.
Khalil
K
Eslamloo
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khoramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, PB No.: 669, Khorramshahr, Iran.
Sobhan R
SR
Akhavan
Department of Fishery and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resource, Azad University - Lahijan Branch, Lahijan 1616, Iran.
Farzin Jamalzad
FJ
Fallah
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Agios Kosmas, 16777 Elliniko, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: morgane@ath.hcmr.gr.
Morgane A
MA
Henry
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006054:Goldfish / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006400:Hematocrit; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
D012709:Serum Albumin; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D009195:Peroxidase; D009113:Muramidase
Cortisol; Goldfish (Carassius auratus); Non-specific immunity; Ornamental fish; Repeated stress