Yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue.


METHODS
A randomized controlled 3-month trial was conducted with two post-treatment assessments of 200 breast cancer survivors assigned to either 12 weeks of 90-minute twice per week hatha yoga classes or a wait-list control. The main outcome measures were lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and scores on the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF), the vitality scale from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale.


RESULTS
Immediately post-treatment, fatigue was not lower (P > .05) but vitality was higher (P = .01) in the yoga group compared with the control group. At 3 months post-treatment, fatigue was lower in the yoga group (P = .002), vitality was higher (P = .01), and IL-6 (P = .027), TNF-α (P = .027), and IL-1β (P = .037) were lower for yoga participants compared with the control group. Groups did not differ on depression at either time (P > .2). Planned secondary analyses showed that the frequency of yoga practice had stronger associations with fatigue at both post-treatment visits (P = .019; P < .001), as well as vitality (P = .016; P = .0045), but not depression (P > .05) than simple group assignment; more frequent practice produced larger changes. At 3 months post-treatment, increasing yoga practice also led to a decrease in IL-6 (P = .01) and IL-1β (P = .03) production but not in TNF-α production (P > .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Chronic inflammation may fuel declines in physical function leading to frailty and disability. If yoga dampens or limits both fatigue and inflammation, then regular practice could have substantial health benefits.
All authors: The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Janice K
JK
Kiecolt-Glaser
Jeanette M
JM
Bennett
Rebecca
R
Andridge
Juan
J
Peng
Charles L
CL
Shapiro
William B
WB
Malarkey
Charles F
CF
Emery
Rachel
R
Layman
Ewa E
EE
Mrozek
Ronald
R
Glaser
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology
D007375:Interleukin-1; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha