High-resolution respiratory self-gated golden angle cardiac MRI: Comparison of self-gating methods in combination with k-t SPARSE SENSE.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the applicability of different self-gating (SG) strategies for respiratory SG in cardiac MRI in combination with iteratively reconstructed (k-t SPARSE SENSE) cine data with low and high temporal resolution.


METHODS
Eleven SG variants were compared in five volunteers by assessment of the resulting image sharpness compared with nongated reconstructions. Promising SG techniques were applied for high temporal resolution reconstructions of the heart function.


RESULTS
SG was successful in all volunteers with image-based SG and the ∑||p|| technique. These approaches were also superior to gating from the respiratory bellows signal on average. Combination with k-t SPARSE SENSE enabled high temporally resolved visualization of the heart motion with free breathing.


CONCLUSIONS
Respiratory SG can be applied for improving image sharpness. Combining SG with iterative reconstruction allows generation of high temporal resolution cine data, which reveal more details of cardiac motion.
Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Jan
J
Paul
Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Evica
E
Divkovic
Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Stefan
S
Wundrak
Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Peter
P
Bernhardt
Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Wolfgang
W
Rottbauer
Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Heiko
H
Neumann
Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Volker
V
Rasche
D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
cardiac MRI; golden angle radial acquisition; respiratory motion; self-gating