Gas-particle distributions, sources and health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in Venice aerosols.
Air samples were collected in Venice during summer 2009 and 2012 to measure gas and particulate concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). PCB-11, considered a marker for non-Aroclor contamination of the environment, was found for the first time in the Venetian lagoon and in Europe. An investigation on sources has been conducted, evidencing traffic as the major source of PAHs, whereas PCBs have a similar composition to Aroclor 1248 and 1254; in 2009 a release of PCN-42 has been hypothesized. Toxicological evaluation by TCA and TEQ methods, conducted for the first time in Venice air samples, identified BaP, PCB-126 and PCB-169 as the most important contributors to the total carcinogenic activity of PAHs and the total dioxin-like activity of PCBs and PCNs.
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, Italian National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: elena.gregoris@idpa.cnr.it.
Elena
E
Gregoris
Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: elena.argiriadis@unive.it.
Elena
E
Argiriadis
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, Italian National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy; Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy. Electronic address: vecchiato@unive.it.
Marco
M
Vecchiato
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, Italian National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.zambon@unive.it.
Stefano
S
Zambon
Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: depierisilvia@unive.it.
Silvia
S
De Pieri
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni km 1,2, 73100 Lecce, Italy. Electronic address: a.donateo@isac.cnr.it.
Antonio
A
Donateo
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni km 1,2, 73100 Lecce, Italy. Electronic address: d.contini@isac.cnr.it.
Daniele
D
Contini
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, Italian National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: piazza@unive.it.
Rossano
R
Piazza
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, Italian National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.barbante@idpa.cnr.it.
Carlo
C
Barbante
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, Italian National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy; Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy. Electronic address: gambaro@unive.it.
Andrea
A
Gambaro
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Aerosols; Diagnostic ratio; PCB-11; Persistent organic pollutants; Toxicological equivalency method; Venice