[Psychophysiological effects of hand massage in geriatric facility residents].
OBJECTIVE
Geriatric facility residents experience easy decrease of their quality of life (QOL) compared with elderly people cared for in their own homes owing to environmental changes. Because complementary and alternative medicine is useful to improve QOL, a simple manual for hand massage for inexperienced volunteers was developed, and the physical and psychological effects of this method were examined.


METHODS
Thirty-six female geriatric facility residents (mean age, 84.5 years) were chosen. They were divided into two groups: the control and hand-massaged groups. In the hand-massaged group, females received 15 min hand massage from volunteers in accordance with a simple manual. No hand massage was performed in the control group. Before and after the treatment, a survey using a questionnaire (7 items; e.g., tension, fatigue) and physiological measurements (e.g., blood pressure, hand skin temperature), and measurement of cortisol and chromogranin A levels in saliva samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were carried out. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the effects of group and time on the dependent variables.


RESULTS
The hand-massaged group showed greater increases in skin temperature than the control group, as shown by ANOVA (p<.05). Results showed that improvements of the scores in the questionnaire (condition and feel-good items) were greater in the hand-massaged group than in the control group (p<.05). Cortisol level increased in the control group, but was not statistically significantly different from that in the hand-massaged group, as shown by ANOVA. Chromogranin A level was also not significantly different between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
These results confirmed the benefits of complementary and alternative medicine including touching and massage found in previous studies. Hand massage prompted relaxation in geriatric facility residents in this experiment.
Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University.
Namiko
N
Ogawa
Kumiko
K
Kuroda
Satoshi
S
Ogawara
Naoyuki
N
Miyake
Kazuhiko
K
Machida
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005851:Geriatric Nursing; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012063:Relaxation / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires