Detecting glaucoma using automated pupillography.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the ability of a binocular automated pupillograph to discriminate healthy subjects from those with glaucoma.


METHODS
Cross-sectional observational study.


METHODS
Both eyes of 116 subjects, including 66 patients with glaucoma in at least 1 eye and 50 healthy subjects from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study. Eyes were classified as glaucomatous by repeatable abnormal standard automated perimetry (SAP) or progressive glaucomatous changes on stereophotographs.


METHODS
All subjects underwent automated pupillography using the RAPDx pupillograph (Konan Medical USA, Inc., Irvine, CA).


METHODS
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic ability of pupil response parameters to white, red, green, yellow, and blue full-field and regional stimuli. A ROC regression model was used to investigate the influence of disease severity and asymmetry on diagnostic ability.


RESULTS
The largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) for any single parameter was 0.75. Disease asymmetry (P <0.001), but not disease severity (P = 0.058), had a significant effect on diagnostic ability. At the sample mean age (60.9 years), AUCs for arbitrary values of intereye difference in SAP mean deviation (MD) of 0, 5, 10, and 15 dB were 0.58, 0.71, 0.82, and 0.90, respectively. The mean intereye difference in MD was 2.2±3.1 dB. The best combination of parameters had an AUC of 0.85; however, the cross-validated bias-corrected AUC for these parameters was only 0.74.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the pupillograph had a good ability to detect glaucoma in the presence of asymmetric disease, it performed poorly in those with symmetric disease.
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Andrew J
AJ
Tatham
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Daniel
D
Meira-Freitas
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Robert N
RN
Weinreb
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Linda M
LM
Zangwill
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Electronic address: fmedeiros@glaucoma.ucsd.edu.
Felipe A
FA
Medeiros
D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006068:Gonioscopy; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods