Perennial grasslands enhance biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services in bioenergy landscapes.
Agriculture is being challenged to provide food, and increasingly fuel, for an expanding global population. Producing bioenergy crops on marginal lands--farmland suboptimal for food crops--could help meet energy goals while minimizing competition with food production. However, the ecological costs and benefits of growing bioenergy feedstocks--primarily annual grain crops--on marginal lands have been questioned. Here we show that perennial bioenergy crops provide an alternative to annual grains that increases biodiversity of multiple taxa and sustain a variety of ecosystem functions, promoting the creation of multifunctional agricultural landscapes. We found that switchgrass and prairie plantings harbored significantly greater plant, methanotrophic bacteria, arthropod, and bird diversity than maize. Although biomass production was greater in maize, all other ecosystem services, including methane consumption, pest suppression, pollination, and conservation of grassland birds, were higher in perennial grasslands. Moreover, we found that the linkage between biodiversity and ecosystem services is dependent not only on the choice of bioenergy crop but also on its location relative to other habitats, with local landscape context as important as crop choice in determining provision of some services. Our study suggests that bioenergy policy that supports coordinated land use can diversify agricultural landscapes and sustain multiple critical ecosystem services.
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
Ben P
BP
Werling
Timothy L
TL
Dickson
Rufus
R
Isaacs
Hannah
H
Gaines
Claudio
C
Gratton
Katherine L
KL
Gross
Heidi
H
Liere
Carolyn M
CM
Malmstrom
Timothy D
TD
Meehan
Leilei
L
Ruan
Bruce A
BA
Robertson
G Philip
GP
Robertson
Thomas M
TM
Schmidt
Abbie C
AC
Schrotenboer
Tracy K
TK
Teal
Julianna K
JK
Wilson
Douglas A
DA
Landis
D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D006109:Poaceae
energy policy; greenhouse gas mitigation