Mevalonate deprivation mediates the impact of lovastatin on the differentiation of murine 3T3-F442A preadipocytes.
The statins competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity and consequently the synthesis of mevalonate. The use of statins is associated with insulin resistance, presumably due to the impaired differentiation and diminished glucose utilization of adipocytes. We hypothesize that mevalonate is essential to adipocyte differentiation and adipogenic gene expression. Adipo-Red assay and Oil Red O staining showed that an eight-day incubation with 0-2.5 µmol/L lovastatin dose-dependently reduced the intracellular triglyceride content of murine 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Concomitantly, lovastatin downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), leptin (Lep), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), and adiponectin (AdipoQ) as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR). The expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (Srebp-1), a transcriptional regulator of Pparγ and Lep genes, was also suppressed by lovastatin. Western-blot showed that lovastatin reduced the level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) while inducing a compensatory over-expression of HMG CoA reductase. The impact of lovastatin on intracellular triglyceride content and expression of the adipogenic genes was reversed by supplemental mevalonate. Mevalonate-derived metabolites have essential roles in promoting adipogenic gene expression and adipocyte differentiation.
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA.
Manal
M
Elfakhani
Sheida
S
Torabi
Deema
D
Hussein
Nathaniel
N
Mills
Guido F
GF
Verbeck
Huanbiao
H
Mo
D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015870:Gene Expression; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; C493411:Fabp4 protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; D008148:Lovastatin; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D008798:Mevalonic Acid
C/EBPα; HMG CoA reductase; Lovastatin; PPARγ; SREBP-1c; adipocyte; adiponectin; differentiation; fatty acid binding protein 4; leptin; mevalonate