Safety evaluation of a bioglass-polylactic acid composite scaffold seeded with progenitor cells in a rat skull critical-size bone defect.
Treating large bone defects represents a major challenge in traumatic and orthopedic surgery. Bone tissue engineering provides a promising therapeutic option to improve the local bone healing response. In the present study tissue biocompatibility, systemic toxicity and tumorigenicity of a newly developed composite material consisting of polylactic acid (PLA) and 20% or 40% bioglass (BG20 and BG40), respectively, were analyzed. These materials were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and tested in a rat calvarial critical size defect model for 3 months and compared to a scaffold consisting only of PLA. Serum was analyzed for organ damage markers such as GOT and creatinine. Leukocyte count, temperature and free radical indicators were measured to determine the degree of systemic inflammation. Possible tumor occurrence was assessed macroscopically and histologically in slides of liver, kidney and spleen. Furthermore, the concentrations of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and sodium oxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed as indicators of tumor progression. Qualitative tissue response towards the implants and new bone mass formation was histologically investigated. BG20 and BG40, with or without progenitor cells, did not cause organ damage, long-term systemic inflammatory reactions or tumor formation. BG20 and BG40 supported bone formation, which was further enhanced in the presence of EPCs and MSCs. This investigation reflects good biocompatibility of the biomaterials BG20 and BG40 and provides evidence that additionally seeding EPCs and MSCs onto the scaffold does not induce tumor formation.
Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe- University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany ; Department of Biomaterial, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Karam
K
Eldesoqi
Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe- University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Dirk
D
Henrich
Department of Biomaterial, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Abeer M
AM
El-Kady
Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Mahmoud S
MS
Arbid
Department of Biomaterial, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Bothaina M
BM
Abd El-Hady
Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe- University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Ingo
I
Marzi
Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Goethe- University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Caroline
C
Seebach
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C022107:Bioglass; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)