Three-dimensional imaging of individual dopant atoms in SrTiO3.
We report on three-dimensional (3D) imaging of individual Gd dopant atoms in a thin (∼2.3  nm) foil of SrTiO3, using quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy. Uncertainties in the depth positions of individual dopants are less than 1 unit cell. The overall dopant concentration measured from atom column intensities agrees quantitatively with electrical measurements. The method is applied to analyze the 3D arrangement of dopants within small clusters containing 4-5 Gd atoms.
Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA.
Jinwoo
J
Hwang
Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA.
Jack Y
JY
Zhang
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Adrian J
AJ
D'Alfonso
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Leslie J
LJ
Allen
Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, USA.
Susanne
S
Stemmer