Glucose metabolism transporters and epilepsy: only GLUT1 has an established role.
The availability of glucose, and its glycolytic product lactate, for cerebral energy metabolism is regulated by specific brain transporters. Inadequate energy delivery leads to neurologic impairment. Haploinsufficiency of the glucose transporter GLUT1 causes a characteristic early onset encephalopathy, and has recently emerged as an important cause of a variety of childhood or later-onset generalized epilepsies and paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia. We explored whether mutations in the genes encoding the other major glucose (GLUT3) or lactate (MCT1/2/3/4) transporters involved in cerebral energy metabolism also cause generalized epilepsies. A cohort of 119 cases with myoclonic astatic epilepsy or early onset absence epilepsy was screened for nucleotide variants in these five candidate genes. No epilepsy-causing mutations were identified, indicating that of the major energetic fuel transporters in the brain, only GLUT1 is clearly associated with generalized epilepsy.
Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Michael S
MS
Hildebrand
John A
JA
Damiano
Saul A
SA
Mullen
Susannah T
ST
Bellows
Karen L
KL
Oliver
Hans-Henrik M
HH
Dahl
Ingrid E
IE
Scheffer
Samuel F
SF
Berkovic
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*
D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; D005947:Glucose
GLUT1 deficiency; Generalized epilepsy; Glucose metabolism; Glucose transporter; Lactate transporter