Interaction of benzo[a]pyrene with other risk factors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in Xiamen, China.
OBJECTIVE
Large epidemiologic studies about the relationship between benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been limited. B[a]P diol epoxide (BPDE) is a highly reactive metabolite of B[a]P that binds covalently to form DNA adducts. We evaluated the interaction between B[a]P exposure with other risk factors in HCC, in a case-control study of 345 HCC and 961 healthy controls.


METHODS
Concentration of BPDE-DNA adducts in blood was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction between BPDE-DNA adducts and other risk factors on HCC were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.


RESULTS
Mean concentration of BPDE-DNA adducts in blood of cases was significantly higher than that of the controls. The risk of HCC increased with elevated concentration of BPDE-DNA adducts (x(2) = 203.57, Ptrend < .001) and the odds ratio was 7.44 (95% confidence interval, 5.29-10.45) for the first versus fourth quartile of adduct levels. The relative excess risk due to interaction between BPDE-DNA adducts and hepatitis B virus surface antigen and drinking was 34.71 and 54.92, and the attributable proportion due to interaction was 41.53% and 75.59%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The high level of BPDE-DNA adducts in blood is associated with HCC and that environmental exposure to B[a]P may increase the risk of HCC, especially among drinkers and populations with hepatitis B virus infection.
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
Yanhua
Y
Su
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: benhuazhao@sina.com.
Benhua
B
Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
Fei
F
Guo
Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
Zhao
Z
Bin
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
Yue
Y
Yang
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
Sheng
S
Liu
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
Yaofeng
Y
Han
Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian, China.
Jianjun
J
Niu
Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Xiayi
X
Ke
Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, China.
Ning
N
Wang
Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China.
Xuesi
X
Geng
Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China.
Changnan
C
Jin
Digestive System Department of the 174th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Yichen
Y
Dai
Digestive System Department of the 174th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Yuanyuan
Y
Lin
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo[a]pyrene; Case-control study; DNA adduct; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Risk factor