Practical techniques for reducing radiation exposure during cerebral angiography procedures.
OBJECTIVE
DSA remains the gold standard imaging method for the evaluation of many cerebrovascular disorders, in particular cerebral aneurysms and vascular malformations. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of modifying DSA frame rate, fluoroscopic and roadmap pulse rates, and flat panel detector (FPD) position on the radiation dose delivered during routine views for a cerebral angiogram in a phantom model.


METHODS
Adult skull and abdomen/pelvis anthropomorphic phantoms were used to compare the radiation dose metrics Ka,r (in mGy), PKA (in μGym(2)), and fluoroscopy time (in minutes) after modification of fluoroscopic pulses per second (p/s), DSA frames per second (f/s), and FPD position and collimation in three components of a cerebral angiogram: (1) femoral artery access, (2) roadmap guidance, and (3) biplane cerebral DSA.


RESULTS
For femoral artery access, DSA protocols resulted in significantly higher doses than those utilizing fluoroscopy alone (p=0.007). Roadmaps using 3 p/s or 4 p/s delivered significantly less dose than higher pulse rates (p=0.008). The ranges of delivered doses for biplane cerebral DSA were 347.3-1188.5 mGy and 3914.54-9518.78 μGym(2). The lowest radiation doses were generated by the variable frame rate DSA protocols.


CONCLUSIONS
Replacing femoral arterial access evaluations by DSA with fluoroscopy, utilizing lower pulse rates during fluoroscopy and roadmap guidance, and choosing variable frame rates for DSA are simple techniques that may be considered by operators in their clinical practices to lower radiation dose during cerebral angiography procedures.
Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Monica S
MS
Pearl
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Collin
C
Torok
Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jiangxia
J
Wang
Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Emily
E
Wyse
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mahadevappa
M
Mahesh
Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Philippe
P
Gailloud
D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D011829:Radiation Dosage
Angiography