Epigenetic regulation of epidermal differentiation.
In a cell, the chromatin state is controlled by the highly regulated interplay of epigenetic mechanisms ranging from DNA methylation and incorporation of different histone variants to posttranslational modification of histones and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. These changes alter the structure of the chromatin to either facilitate or restrict the access of transcription machinery to DNA. These epigenetic modifications function to exquisitely orchestrate the expression of different genes, and together constitute the epigenome of a cell. In the skin, different epigenetic regulators form a regulatory network that operates to guarantee skin stem cell maintenance while controlling differentiation to multiple skin structures. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on epigenetic mechanisms of skin control and their relationship to skin pathologies.
Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Carolina N
CN
Perdigoto
Victor J
VJ
Valdes
Evan S
ES
Bardot
Elena
E
Ezhkova
D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D012873:Skin Diseases, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology
D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; C523761:Kdm6b protein, mouse; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C470730:KMT5A protein, human; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases