Identification of species of the Euterpe genus by rare earth elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and linear discriminant analysis.
The açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) produce similar fruits which are rich in energy, minerals, vitamins and natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although the drink obtained from these species is similar, it is important to develop tools to establish the identity of the fruit species and growing regions. To assess claims of origin and for other purposes, we use multivariate analysis to investigate the differentiation of açaí and juçara fruits based on rare earth element (REE) content determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. REE content, in particular Sm, Th, La, Pr, Gd, and especially Ce and Nd varied between species. PCA analysis was not efficient in differentiating açaí from juçara fruit samples. In contrast, LDA analysis permitted a correct differentiation between species with a predictive ability of 83.3%. The methodology that we have applied confirms that REE can be used to differentiate between açaí and juçara fruit samples and to identify their origin.
Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Vívian Silva
VS
Santos
Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: viviani@fcfrp.usp.br.
Viviani
V
Nardini
Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Luís Carlos
LC
Cunha
Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - FCFRP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Avenida do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Fernando
F
Barbosa
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Produção Vegetal. Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n. Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
Gustavo Henrique
GH
De Almeida Teixeira
D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000737:chemistry*
D008674:Metals, Rare Earth
Euterpe edulis Mart.; Euterpe oleracea Mart.; ICP-MS; LDA; Multivariate analysis; PCA