Differential responses of B vitamins in black soybean seeds.
This study was aimed to determine the contents and the association of B vitamins from seeds of 10 black and one yellow soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties with either green or yellow cotyledon. Thiamine, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), riboflavin and total riboflavin were found highest in 'Chengjakong', while flavin mononucleotide (FMN) was greatest in 'Mirang'. Nicotinic acid and total vitamin B3 were highest in 'Shingi' as a yellow soybean variety but pantothenic acid and pyridoxine contents were greatest in 'Tawon' and 'Mirang', respectively. These content variations of B vitamins directly reflected the wide segregation of soybean varieties on the principal component analysis (PCA) scores plot, indicating that these 4 soybean varieties appeared to be least associated with other soybean varieties based on the different responses of B vitamins. The results of cluster and correlation analyses presented that the cotyledon colour of soybean seed contributed to a variation of B vitamin contents. Overall, the results suggest that a wide range of B vitamin contents would be affected by genotypic factors alongside the difference of cotyledon colour.
Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Dogye Campus, Kangwon National University, Hwangjori #3, Dogye-up, Samcheok 245-907, Republic of Korea.
Gi-Ppeum
GP
Kim
USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA.
Jinwook
J
Lee
Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Dogye Campus, Kangwon National University, Hwangjori #3, Dogye-up, Samcheok 245-907, Republic of Korea.
Kyung-Geun
KG
Ahn
Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Dogye Campus, Kangwon National University, Hwangjori #3, Dogye-up, Samcheok 245-907, Republic of Korea.
Young-Sun
YS
Hwang
Functional Food and Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-853, Republic of Korea.
Youngmin
Y
Choi
Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Republic of Korea.
Jiyeon
J
Chun
Department of Biology, University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Woo-Suk
WS
Chang
Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Dogye Campus, Kangwon National University, Hwangjori #3, Dogye-up, Samcheok 245-907, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA. Electronic address: cmg7004@kangwon.ac.kr.
Myoung-Gun
MG
Choung
D012256:Riboflavin / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D013831:Thiamine / Q000032:analysis; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000032:analysis*
D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D012256:Riboflavin; D013831:Thiamine
Black soybean; Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); Flavin mononucleotide (FMN); Nicotinamide; Nicotinic acid; Pantothenic acid; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine