Transport of persistent organic pollutants across the human placenta.
Prenatal life is the most sensitive stage of human development to environmental pollutants. Early exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may increase the risk of adverse health effects during childhood. The mechanisms of transference of POPs during pregnancy are still not well understood. The present study is aimed to investigate the transfer of POPs between mother and fetus. The concentrations of 14 organochlorine pesticides, 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 14 polybromodiphenyl ether (PBDEs) congeners have been measured in 308 maternal serum samples, their respective umbilical cords and 50 placental tissues from a mother-infant cohort representative of Spanish general population. In general, the adjusted lipid-basis concentrations were higher in maternal serum than in cord serum and placenta. The concentrations of most pollutants between maternal serum and cord serum and between maternal serum and placenta were significantly correlated. These distributions were consistent with a predominant maternal source that transfers the pollutants into the placenta and the fetus. However, this distribution did not correspond to passive diffusion of these compounds between these tissues according to lipid content. The compounds more readily metabolized were higher in newborns, which suggest that differences in metabolic capabilities may be responsible of the observed variations in POP distributions between mother and newborns. Prenatal exposure to 4,4'-DDT and some PBDEs such as BDE 99 and BDE 209 is much higher than it could be anticipated from the composition of maternal serum. POP exposure assessment studies of newborns may overlook the effects of some of these pollutants if they only consider maternal determinations.
Unit of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Universitary Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: esther.vizcaino@idaea.csic.es.
Esther
E
Vizcaino
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Joan O
JO
Grimalt
Unit of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Universitary Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
Ana
A
Fernández-Somoano
Unit of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Universitary Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA), Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
Adonina
A
Tardon
D000328:Adult; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005333:Fetus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D013030:Spain
C477694:2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D008055:Lipids; D010575:Pesticides; D003634:DDT; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
Maternal serum; Persistent organic pollutants; Placenta; Prenatal exposure; Transplacental transfer; Umbilical cord serum