Acetylation dynamics and stoichiometry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Lysine acetylation is a frequently occurring posttranslational modification; however, little is known about the origin and regulation of most sites. Here we used quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze acetylation dynamics and stoichiometry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that acetylation accumulated in growth-arrested cells in a manner that depended on acetyl-CoA generation in distinct subcellular compartments. Mitochondrial acetylation levels correlated with acetyl-CoA concentration in vivo and acetyl-CoA acetylated lysine residues nonenzymatically in vitro. We developed a method to estimate acetylation stoichiometry and found that the vast majority of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic acetylation had a very low stoichiometry. However, mitochondrial acetylation occurred at a significantly higher basal level than cytoplasmic acetylation, consistent with the distinct acetylation dynamics and higher acetyl-CoA concentration in mitochondria. High stoichiometry acetylation occurred mostly on histones, proteins present in histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase complexes, and on transcription factors. These data show that a majority of acetylation occurs at very low levels in exponentially growing yeast and is uniformly affected by exposure to acetyl-CoA.
The NNF Center for Protein Research Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Brian T
BT
Weinert
Vytautas
V
Iesmantavicius
Tarek
T
Moustafa
Christian
C
Schölz
Sebastian A
SA
Wagner
Christoph
C
Magnes
Rudolf
R
Zechner
Chunaram
C
Choudhary
D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000107:Acetylation; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*
D006657:Histones; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D008239:Lysine