Induction of triacylglycerol production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: comparative analysis of different element regimes.
In this study, impacts of different element absence (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and magnesium) and supplementation (nitrogen and zinc) on element uptake and triacylglycerol production was followed in wild type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-124 strain. Macro- and microelement composition of C. reinhardtii greatly differed under element regimes studied. In particular, heavy metal quotas of the microalgae increased strikingly under zinc supplementation. Growth was suppressed, cell biovolume, carbohydrate, total neutral lipid and triacylglycerol levels increased when microalgae were incubated under these element regimes. Most of the intracellular space was occupied by lipid bodies under all nutrient starvations, as observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron micrographs. Results suggest that sulfur, magnesium and phosphorus deprivations are superior to nitrogen deprivation for the induction triacylglycerol production in C. reinhardtii. On the other hand, FAME profiles of the nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus deprived cells were found to meet the requirements of international standards for biodiesel.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, 71450 Kırıkkale, Turkey.
Zeynep E
ZE
Çakmak
UNAM, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Tolga T
TT
Ölmez
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey.
Turgay
T
Çakmak
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, 71450 Kırıkkale, Turkey.
Yusuf
Y
Menemen
Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, 06830 Ankara, Turkey; Gazi University, Polatlı Science and Literature Faculty, 06900 Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ttekinay@gazi.edu.tr.
Turgay
T
Tekinay
D056804:Biofuels; D019149:Bioreactors; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000172:deficiency; D010078:Oxazines; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000172:deficiency; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013455:Sulfur / Q000172:deficiency; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D056804:Biofuels; D010078:Oxazines; D014280:Triglycerides; D010758:Phosphorus; D013455:Sulfur; D008274:Magnesium; D009584:Nitrogen; C044808:nile red
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Ionome; Neutral lipid; Nutrient regime; Triacylglycerol