Development and model testing of antemortem screening methodology to predict required drug withholds in heifers.
A simple, cow-side test for the presence of drug residues in live animal fluids would provide useful information for tissue drug residue avoidance programs. This work describes adaptation and evaluation of rapid screening tests to detect drug residues in serum and urine. Medicated heifers had urine, serum, and tissue biopsy samples taken while on drug treatment. Samples were tested by rapid methods and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The adapted microbial inhibition method, kidney inhibition swab test, was useful in detecting sulfadimethoxine in serum, and its response correlated with the prescribed withdrawal time for the drug, 5 to 6 days posttreatment. The lateral flow screening method for flunixin and beta-lactams, adapted for urine, was useful in predicting flunixin in liver detected by HPLC, 96 h posttreatment. The same adapted methods were not useful to detect ceftiofur in serum or urine due to a lack of sensitivity at the levels of interest. These antemortem screening test studies demonstrated that the method selected, and the sampling matrix chosen (urine or serum), will depend on the drug used and should be based on animal treatment history if available. The live animal tests demonstrated the potential for verification that an individual animal is free of drug residues before sale for human consumption.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. shuna.jones@ars.usda.gov.
Shuna A
SA
Jones
Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843, USA.
Robert S
RS
Salter
College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Tim
T
Goldsmith
Charm Sciences, Inc., 659 Andover Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843, USA.
Julio
J
Quintana
Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, P.O. Box 708, Greenfield, Indiana 46140, USA.
Paul
P
Rapnicki
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA.
Karen
K
Shuck
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA.
Jim E
JE
Wells
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
Marilyn J
MJ
Schneider
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA.
Dee
D
Griffin
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003002:Clonixin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000032:analysis
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D047090:beta-Lactams; C014557:flunixin; C053503:ceftiofur; D003002:Clonixin