Machine learning approaches: from theory to application in schizophrenia.
In recent years, machine learning approaches have been successfully applied for analysis of neuroimaging data, to help in the context of disease diagnosis. We provide, in this paper, an overview of recent support vector machine-based methods developed and applied in psychiatric neuroimaging for the investigation of schizophrenia. In particular, we focus on the algorithms implemented by our group, which have been applied to classify subjects affected by schizophrenia and healthy controls, comparing them in terms of accuracy results with other recently published studies. First we give a description of the basic terminology used in pattern recognition and machine learning. Then we separately summarize and explain each study, highlighting the main features that characterize each method. Finally, as an outcome of the comparison of the results obtained applying the described different techniques, conclusions are drawn in order to understand how much automatic classification approaches can be considered a useful tool in understanding the biological underpinnings of schizophrenia. We then conclude by discussing the main implications achievable by the application of these methods into clinical practice.
Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", San Vito al Tagliamento, 33078 Pordenone, Italy.
Elisa
E
Veronese
Department of Informatics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Umberto
U
Castellani
Department of Informatics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy ; Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy.
Denis
D
Peruzzo
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, ICBN, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Marcella
M
Bellani
Department of Experimental & Clinical Medical Sciences (DISM), ICBN, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
Paolo
P
Brambilla
D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001921:Brain / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D060388:Support Vector Machine