Development of a new green non-dispersive ionic liquid microextraction method in a narrow glass column for determination of cadmium prior to couple with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
Easy and innovative non-dispersive ionic liquid based microextraction (NDILME) has been developed for preconcentration of trace level of cadmium (Cd) in aqueous real surface water samples prior to couple with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). A 200 cm long narrow glass column containing aqueous solution of standard/sample was used to increase phase transfer ratio by providing more contact area between two medium (aqueous and extractive), which drastically improve the recoveries of labile hydrophobic chelate of Cd ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), into ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4mim][PF6]. Different aspect of the desire method have been investigated and optimized. Under the optimized key experimental variables, limit of detection (LOD) and enhancement factor (EF) were achieved to be 0.5 ng L(-1) and 150, respectively. Reliability of the model method was checked by relative standard deviation (%RSD), which was found to be <5%. Validity and accuracy of the developed method was checked by analysis of certified reference water samples (SLRS-4 Riverine water) using standard addition method. Application of the model method was productively performed by analysis of Cd in real surface water samples (tap and sea).
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey; National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan. Electronic address: naeemullah433@yahoo.com.
Naeemullah
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
Tasneem Gul
TG
Kazi
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey.
Mustafa
M
Tuzen
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
Faheem
F
Shah
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
Hassan Imran
HI
Afridi
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey.
Demirhan
D
Citak
D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D006108:Graphite; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*
D052578:Ionic Liquids; D002104:Cadmium; D006108:Graphite
Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate; Cadmium; Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; Non dispersive ionic liquid microextraction