Gender and offender status predicting treatment success in refugees and asylum seekers with PTSD.
BACKGROUND
Current knowledge is limited regarding patient characteristics related to treatment outcome of posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in refugees and asylum seekers.


OBJECTIVE
Gender, torture status, offender status, level of anger, and level of depression were investigated for possible effects on the treatment outcome.


METHODS
Patient characteristics were explored in 54 refugees and asylum seekers who had completed a treatment program for PTSD. Non-responders (10), those who had the same or higher levels of symptom severity after treatment, were compared with responders, those who had lower symptom severity after treatment (44). Symptom severity was measured by Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. The non-responders and responders constituted the dichotomous, dependent variable. The independent variables were gender, torture status, offender status, level of anger, and level of depression. T-tests and Exact Unconditional Homogeneity/Independence Tests for 2×2 Tables were used to study the relationship to treatment outcome.


RESULTS
Being male and reporting to have been a violent offender were significantly more frequent characteristics among the non-responders compared to the responders. The levels of pretreatment anger, depression and torture status did not affect the treatment outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
The study adds support to findings that females benefit more from treatment of PTSD than males and that violent offenders are difficult to treat within the standard treatment programs.
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ; Centre on Violence, Traumatic Stress and Suicide Prevention, Mid-Norway, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Håkon
H
Stenmark
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Research and Development, Division of Psychiatry, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Ismail Cuneyt
IC
Guzey
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Thomas
T
Elbert
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ; Pain Care Unit, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Are
A
Holen
Treatment; gender; offender; patient characteristics; torture; trauma