Biochemical and behavioural responses of the marine polychaete Hediste diversicolor to cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs): waterborne and dietary exposure.
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots are widely used in medical imaging. The aim of this study was to examine toxicity effects of CdS engineered nanoparticles (CdS NPs) compared to soluble Cd, on marine ragworms (Hediste diversicolor) exposed for 14 d to these contaminants (10 μg Cd L(-1)) in seawater or via their food (contaminated worm tissue). In our experimental media, Dynamic Light Scattering studies showed that the majority of CdS remained in the nanoscale (1-10 nm) with the exception of few aggregates (100-300 nm). Labile Cd fractions released from CdS NPs were estimated by diffusive gradient in thin films, showing that about 50% of CdS NPs remained in nanoparticulate form. Ragworms accumulated Cd in both soluble Cd and CdS NPs in waterborne exposures only. Greater significant changes of biochemical responses were observed in worms exposed to CdS NPs in seawater compared to contaminated food. Catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were the most sensitive biochemical biomarkers responding to both Cd treatments for waterborne exposure. Inductions of CAT were higher in diet-exposed worms to Cd as NPs vs soluble form suggesting a specific "nano" effect. Caspase activities increased in worms exposed to soluble Cd and Cd NPs for the two routes of exposure compared to controls. Defences, may be insufficient to prevent reactive oxygen species generation and the associated apoptosis. Behaviour of invertebrates inside sediment showed impairments of body movements in worms exposed to CdS NPs. This study points out oxidative processes as the main consequences of exposure to Cd based NPs in worms.
LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, 9 rue Bias BP53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; LUNAM Université, Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS, 3, Place André Leroy, 49000 Angers Cedex 1, France.
Pierre-Emmanuel
PE
Buffet
LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, 9 rue Bias BP53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Laurence
L
Poirier
LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, 9 rue Bias BP53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Aurore
A
Zalouk-Vergnoux
Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Christelle
C
Lopes
LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, 9 rue Bias BP53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Jean-Claude
JC
Amiard
LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, 9 rue Bias BP53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Pierre
P
Gaudin
Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, BP 71, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
Christine
C
Risso-de Faverney
Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, BP 71, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
Marielle
M
Guibbolini
Institute For Health and Consumer Protection European Commission, DG JRC Via E. Fermi, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
Douglas
D
Gilliland
LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, 9 rue Bias BP53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; LUNAM Université, Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS, 3, Place André Leroy, 49000 Angers Cedex 1, France.
Hanane
H
Perrein-Ettajani
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Eugenia
E
Valsami-Jones
LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, MMS, 9 rue Bias BP53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; LUNAM Université, Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS, 3, Place André Leroy, 49000 Angers Cedex 1, France. Electronic address: catherine.mouneyrac@uco.fr.
Catherine
C
Mouneyrac
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D045663:Quantum Dots; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*
D015415:Biomarkers; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; C034939:cadmium sulfide
Behaviour; Biochemical biomarkers; Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles; Hediste diversicolor