Evaluation of a Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia rabbit model for pediatric thoracoscopic training.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the usefulness of a Bochdalek hernia rabbit model as a tool for advanced thoracoscopic training, teaching the specific skills required for thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.


METHODS
An incision was made in the Bochdalek triangle of 25 New Zealand rabbits (weighing 3-3.5 kg) to induce an experimental diaphragmatic hernia. At 72 hours later, a thoracoscopic repair of the hernia as described for newborns was performed by 25 pediatric surgeons divided into two groups: expert and novice. The tasks assessed were organ relocation and diaphragm suture. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate technical performance. The objective performance measure was completion time. Complications were recorded, and suture quality was scored. The surgeons evaluated the model by completing a questionnaire, grading items on a 5-point scale.


RESULTS
All 25 animals developed a diaphragmatic hernia with protrusion of the intestine into the thoracic cavity. Expert trainees had significantly shorter completion times and better performance scores than novices. Experts also received higher scores for suture quality. Five novices caused perforations or bleeding, but no experts did. The surgeons rated the model positively, highlighting the similarities between the model and newborn hernias and its usefulness for pediatric training programs.


CONCLUSIONS
The Bochdalek hernia rabbit model can be used to detect different levels of experience in pediatric thoracoscopy. This realistic and easily reproducible model can help to perfect thoracoscopic skills in a realistic recreation of a pediatric Bochdalek hernia repair.
1 Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura , Cáceres, Spain .
Jesús
J
Usón-Casaús
Eva María
EM
Pérez-Merino
Ramón
R
Rivera-Barreno
Carlos A
CA
Rodríguez-Alarcón
Francisco M
FM
Sánchez-Margallo
D000818:Animals; D011817:Rabbits; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000601:surgery; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D066231:Surgeons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D014945:Wound Healing; D006801:Humans