Neuroprotection of posttreatment with risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in rat and gerbil models of ischemic stroke and the maintenance of antioxidants in a gerbil model of ischemic stroke.
Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness. The present study examines the neuroprotective effects of risperidone against ischemic damage in the rat and gerbil induced by transient focal and global cerebral ischemia, respectively. The results showed that pre- and posttreatment with 4 mg/kg risperidone significantly protected against neuronal death from ischemic injury. Many NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and a few F-J B-positive cells were found in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the risperidone-treated ischemia groups compared with those in the vehicle-treated ischemia group. In addition, treatment with risperidone markedly attenuated the activation of microglia in the gerbil CA1. On the other hand, we found that treatment with risperidone significantly maintained the antioxidants levels in the ischemic gerbil CA1. Immunoreactivities of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were maintained in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1; the antioxidants were very different from those in the vehicle-treated ischemia groups. In brief, our present findings indicate that posttreatment as well as pretreatment with risperidone can protect neurons in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbils CA1 from transient cerebral ischemic injury and that the neuroprotective effect of risperidone may be related to attenuation of microglial activation as well as maintenance of antioxidants.
Department of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Bing Chun
BC
Yan
Joon Ha
JH
Park
Ji Hyeon
JH
Ahn
In Hye
IH
Kim
Ok Kyu
OK
Park
Jae-Chul
JC
Lee
Ki-Yeon
KY
Yoo
Jung Hoon
JH
Choi
Choong Hyun
CH
Lee
In Koo
IK
Hwang
Jeong Ho
JH
Park
Song
S
Her
Jin Su
JS
Kim
Hyung-Cheul
HC
Shin
Jun Hwi
JH
Cho
Young-Myeong
YM
Kim
Seung-Hae
SH
Kwon
Moo-Ho
MH
Won
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005849:Gerbillinae; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018967:Risperidone
microglial activation; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; risperidone; transient cerebral ischemia