The great melting pot. Common sole population connectivity assessed by otolith and water fingerprints.
Quantifying the scale and importance of individual dispersion between populations and life stages is a key challenge in marine ecology. The common sole (Solea solea), an important commercial flatfish in the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, has a marine pelagic larval stage, a benthic juvenile stage in coastal nurseries (lagoons, estuaries or shallow marine areas) and a benthic adult stage in deeper marine waters on the continental shelf. To date, the ecological connectivity among these life stages has been little assessed in the Mediterranean. Here, such an assessment is provided for the first time for the Gulf of Lions, NW Mediterranean, based on a dataset on otolith microchemistry and stable isotopic composition as indicators of the water masses inhabited by individual fish. Specifically, otolith Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca profiles, and δ(13)C and δ(18)O values of adults collected in four areas of the Gulf of Lions were compared with those of young-of-the-year collected in different coastal nurseries. Results showed that a high proportion of adults (>46%) were influenced by river inputs during their larval stage. Furthermore Sr/Ca ratios and the otolith length at one year of age revealed that most adults (∼70%) spent their juvenile stage in nurseries with high salinity, whereas the remainder used brackish environments. In total, data were consistent with the use of six nursery types, three with high salinity (marine areas and two types of highly saline lagoons) and three brackish (coastal areas near river mouths, and two types of brackish environments), all of which contributed to the replenishment of adult populations. These finding implicated panmixia in sole population in the Gulf of Lions and claimed for a habitat integrated management of fisheries.
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France ; Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, La Garde, France.
Fabien
F
Morat
Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Laboratoire LIVE et LABEX « Corail », BP R4, Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Yves
Y
Letourneur
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany.
Jan
J
Dierking
Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, LCABIE, UMR 5254 CNRS/IPREM, Pau, France.
Christophe
C
Pécheyran
Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, LCABIE, UMR 5254 CNRS/IPREM, Pau, France.
Gilles
G
Bareille
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212 CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Dominique
D
Blamart
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France ; Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, La Garde, France.
Mireille
M
Harmelin-Vivien
D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001464:Barium / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D005398:Fisheries / Q000379:methods; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000502:physiology*; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D054712:Salinity; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013324:Strontium / Q000032:analysis
D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D001464:Barium; D002118:Calcium; D013324:Strontium