Biomarkers in renal cancer.
Treatment options for primary and metastatic renal cancer are increasing. Accurate data from the pathological examination of renal cancer specimens aid clinicians in stratifying patients for surveillance and adjuvant therapies. This review focuses on biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the biologic behavior of renal tumors which should be recorded in pathology reports and which are under investigation. Special emphasis is given to the use of immunohistochemical markers in differential diagnosis of various renal tumor subtypes. The relevance of cytogenetic and molecular findings is also discussed. The review includes the 2012 International Society for Urological Pathology Consensus conference recommendations.
Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091, Zürich, Switzerland, holger.moch@usz.ch.
Holger
H
Moch
John
J
Srigley
Brett
B
Delahunt
Rodolfo
R
Montironi
Lars
L
Egevad
Puay Hoon
PH
Tan
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor