Comparison of decellularization protocols for preparing a decellularized porcine annulus fibrosus scaffold.
Tissue-specific extracellular matrix plays an important role in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. We hypothesized that decellularized annular fibrosus matrix may be an appropriate scaffold for annular fibrosus tissue engineering. We aimed to determine the optimal decellularization method suitable for annular fibrosus. Annular fibrosus tissue was treated with 3 different protocols with Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and trypsin. After the decellularization process, we examined cell removal and preservation of the matrix components, microstructure and mechanical function with the treatments to determine which method is more efficient. All 3 protocols achieved decellularization; however, SDS or trypsin disturbed the structure of the annular fibrosus. All protocols maintained collagen content, but glycosaminoglycan content was lost to different degrees, with the highest content with TritonX-100 treatment. Furthermore, SDS decreased the tensile mechanical property of annular fibrosus as compared with the other 2 protocols. MTT assay revealed that the decellularized annular fibrosus was not cytotoxic. Annular fibrosus cells seeded into the scaffold showed good viability. The Triton X-100-treated annular fibrosus retained major extracellular matrix components after thorough cell removal and preserved the concentric lamellar structure and tensile mechanical properties. As well, it possessed favorable biocompatibility, so it may be a suitable candidate as a scaffold for annular fibrosus tissue engineering.
Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China ; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Haiwei
H
Xu
Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Baoshan
B
Xu
Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China ; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Qiang
Q
Yang
Cell Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Xiulan
X
Li
Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Xinlong
X
Ma
Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Qun
Q
Xia
Cell Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Yang
Y
Zhang
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
Chunqiu
C
Zhang
Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China ; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Yaohong
Y
Wu
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
Yuanyuan
Y
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013718:Tensile Strength; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
D003902:Detergents; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D017830:Octoxynol; D003094:Collagen; D014357:Trypsin