Whey Peptide-Based Formulas With ω-3 Fatty Acids Are Protective in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Sepsis.
BACKGROUND
Sepsis and septic shock syndrome are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released by bacteria within the colon may translocate across a compromised epithelium, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, sepsis, and eventually death.


METHODS
We examined the effects of a whey-based enteral formula high in cysteine (antioxidant precursor) and the addition of ω-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), against a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. Mice were fed either a whey-based diet with EPA-DHA (PAF), a whey-based diet without EPA-DHA (PSTD), or a casein-based control diet (CONT).


RESULTS
Mice fed PAF or PSTD were protected against LPS-induced weight loss. Whey-based diets suppressed inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress damage. Furthermore, PAF and PSTD were able to inhibit autophagy, a mechanism in which the cell recycles damaged organelles. These anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of PSTD and PAF resulted in decreased liver inflammation and intestinal damage and promoted protective microbiota within the intestines.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest a clinical role for whey peptide-based diets in promoting healing and recovery in critically ill patients.
Department of Nutrition, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Rie
R
Tsutsumi
Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Yousuke T
YT
Horikawa
Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Katsuyoshi
K
Kume
Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Katsuya
K
Tanaka
Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Asuka
A
Kasai
Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Takako
T
Kadota
Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan tsutsumi@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
Yasuo M
YM
Tsutsumi
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005526:Food, Formulated; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018805:Sepsis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012772:Shock, Septic; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects; D000067796:Whey; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010455:Peptides; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D003545:Cysteine
antioxidants; critical care; enteral formulas; lipopolysaccharide; sepsis; whey peptide