HSV-2 vaccine: current status and insight into factors for developing an efficient vaccine.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), a globally sexually transmitted virus, and also one of the main causes of genital ulcer diseases, increases susceptibility to HIV-1. Effective vaccines to prevent HSV-2 infection are not yet available, but are currently being developed. To facilitate this process, the latest progress in development of these vaccines is reviewed in this paper. A summary of the most promising HSV-2 vaccines tested in animals in the last five years is presented, including the main factors, and new ideas for developing an effective vaccine from animal experiments and human clinical trials. Experimental results indicate that future HSV-2 vaccines may depend on a strategy that targets mucosal immunity. Furthermore, estradiol, which increases the effectiveness of vaccines, may be considered as an adjuvant. Therefore, this review is expected to provide possible strategies for development of future HSV-2 vaccines.
The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, Zhejiang, China. zhuxp200@foxmail.com.
Xiao-Peng
XP
Zhu
School of International Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, Zhejiang, China. muhammad.zaka@hotmail.com.
Zaka S
ZS
Muhammad
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, Zhejiang, China. wjg@wzmc.net.
Jian-Guang
JG
Wang
The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, Zhejiang, China. linwu05linwu@gmail.com.
Wu
W
Lin
The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, Zhejiang, China. zhuangshikun@126.com.
Shi-Kun
SK
Guo
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, Zhejiang, China. zhw@wzmc.net.
Wei
W
Zhang
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000639:trends; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D022301:Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D022301:Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D004958:Estradiol