ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy.
BACKGROUND
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene encodes ACE, a key component of renin angiotensin system (RAS), plays an important role in blood pressure homeostasis by generating the vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II.


METHODS
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, Pubmed (NLM), LISTA (EBSCO) and Web of Science have been searched.


RESULTS
The presence of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism affects the plasma level of ACE. ACE DD genotype is associated with the highest systemic and renal ACE levels compared with the lowest ACE activity in carriers of II genotype.


CONCLUSIONS
In this review focus has been performed on the study of ACE I/D polymorphism in various populations and its influence on the risk of onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Also, association between ACE I/D polymorphism and response to ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonists will be reviewed. Further, synergistic effect of this polymorphism and variants of some genes on the risk of development of diabetic nephropathy will be discussed.
Medical Biology Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Zohreh
Z
Rahimi
ACE I/D polymorphism; ACE activity; ACE inhibitors; Angiotensin II receptor blockers; Diabetic nephropathy