A general framework for estimating the relative pathogenicity of human genetic variants.
Current methods for annotating and interpreting human genetic variation tend to exploit a single information type (for example, conservation) and/or are restricted in scope (for example, to missense changes). Here we describe Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion (CADD), a method for objectively integrating many diverse annotations into a single measure (C score) for each variant. We implement CADD as a support vector machine trained to differentiate 14.7 million high-frequency human-derived alleles from 14.7 million simulated variants. We precompute C scores for all 8.6 billion possible human single-nucleotide variants and enable scoring of short insertions-deletions. C scores correlate with allelic diversity, annotations of functionality, pathogenicity, disease severity, experimentally measured regulatory effects and complex trait associations, and they highly rank known pathogenic variants within individual genomes. The ability of CADD to prioritize functional, deleterious and pathogenic variants across many functional categories, effect sizes and genetic architectures is unmatched by any current single-annotation method.
1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2].
Martin
0000000192785471
M
Kircher
1] Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2].
Daniela M
DM
Witten
1] HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA. [2].
Preti
P
Jain
1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2].
Brian J
BJ
O'Roak
HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
Gregory M
0000000155099923
GM
Cooper
Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jay
J
Shendure
D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D060388:Support Vector Machine