Determinants of sedentary 24-h energy expenditure: equations for energy prescription and adjustment in a respiratory chamber.
BACKGROUND
Achieving energy balance is critical for the interpretation of results obtained in respiratory chambers. However, 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) predictions based on estimated resting metabolic rate and physical activity level are often inaccurate and imprecise.


OBJECTIVE
We aimed to develop and validate equations to better achieve energy balance in a respiratory chamber by adding or subtracting food items.


METHODS
By using a randomized data set with measures of 24EE (n = 241) performed at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, we developed equations to predict 24EE from anthropometric, demographic, and body composition variables before and at 3 and 7 h into the chamber measurement. The equations were tested on an independent data set (n = 240) and compared with published predictive equations.


RESULTS
By using anthropometric and demographic variables, the equation was as follows: 24EE (kcal/d) = 11.6 [weight (kg)] + 8.03 [height (cm)] - 3.45 [age (y)] + 217 (male) - 52 (African American) - 235. The mean prediction error was -9 ± 155 kcal/d (2046 ± 305 compared with 2055 ± 343 kcal/d for measured 24EE; P = 0.36). The prediction achieved a precision of ±10% of measured 24EE in 83% of the participants. Energy prescription was then refined by equations with the use of energy expenditure values after 3 h, 7 h, or both into the chamber study. These later equations improved the precision (±10% of measured 24EE) to 92% (P = 0.003) and 96% (P < 0.0001) of the participants at 3 and 7 h, respectively. Body composition did not improve 24EE predictions.


CONCLUSIONS
We showed the use of a set of equations to prescribe and adjust energy intake to achieve energy balance in respiratory chambers over 24 h. These equations may be used in most respiratory chambers and modified to accommodate exercise or specific feeding protocols.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (YYL, LMR, GAB, FLG, DJ, and ER), and Florida Hospital and Sanford-Burnham Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL (SRS).
Yan Y
YY
Lam
Leanne M
LM
Redman
Steven R
SR
Smith
George A
GA
Bray
Frank L
FL
Greenway
Darcy
D
Johannsen
Eric
E
Ravussin
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000208:ethnology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements / Q000208:ethnology; D050177:Overweight / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult