Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators.
Redox processes are increasingly being recognized as key elements in the regulation of cellular signaling cascades. They are frequently encountered at the frontier between physiological functions and pathological events. The biological relevance of intracellular redox changes depends on the subcellular origin, the spatio-temporal distribution and the redox couple involved. Thus, a key task in the elucidation of the role of redox reactions is the specific and quantitative measurement of redox conditions with high spatio-temporal resolution. Unfortunately, until recently, our ability to perform such measurements was limited by the lack of adequate technology. Over the last 10 years, promising imaging tools have been developed from fluorescent proteins. Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators (GERRIs) have the potential to allow real-time and pseudo-quantitative monitoring of specific ROS and thiol redox state in subcellular compartments or live organisms. Redox-sensitive yellow fluorescent proteins (rxYFP family), redox-sensitive green fluorescent proteins (roGFP family), HyPer (a probe designed to measure H2 O2 ), circularly permuted YFP and others have been used in several models and sufficient information has been collected to highlight their main characteristics. This review is intended to be a tour guide of the main types of GERRIs, their origins, properties, advantages and pitfalls.
University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France. sandrine.pouvreau@u-bordeaux2.fr.
Sandrine
S
Pouvreau
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
Fluorescent protein sensors; Live cell imaging; Reactive oxygen species; Redox processes; Subcellular compartments imaging