Interaction of Novel Ionic Liquids with Soils.
With the constant development of new ionic liquids, the understanding of the chemical fate of these compounds also needs to be updated. To this effect, the interaction of a number of novel ionic liquids with soils was determined. Therefore, three novel headgroups (ammonium, phosphonium, or pyrrolidinium) with single or quaternary substitution were tested on a variety of soils with high-to-low organic matter content and high-to-low cation exchange capacity, thereby trying to capture the full range of possible soil interactions. It was found that the ionic liquids with single butyl alkyl chain interacted more strongly with the soils (especially with a higher cation exchange capacity), at lower concentrations, than the quad-substituted ionic liquids. However, the quad-substituted ionic liquids interacted more strongly at higher concentrations, due to the double-layer formation, and induced stronger dipole interaction with previously sorbed molecules.
School of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE3 7RU UK ; Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk, 80-470 Poland.
Wojciech
W
Mrozik
Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233 Poland.
Christian
C
Jungnickel
Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Sobieskiego 18/19, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
Monika
M
Paszkiewicz
Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Sobieskiego 18/19, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
Piotr
P
Stepnowski
Ammonium; Imidazolium; Ionic liquids; Natural soils; Phosphonium; Pyrrolidinium; Sorption