Short-term evaluation of grafts fixed with either N-butyl-2-cyanocrylate or screws.
OBJECTIVE
N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NB-Cn) is an alternative method for onlay graft fixation and might be efficient for preserving the graft volume. Our aim was to analyze the gene expression and mineralized tissue variations of calvarial bone grafting fixed in the mandible with either NB-Cn or a titanium screw (TiS).


METHODS
New Zealand rabbits had bilateral calvarial grafts fixed at both sides of the mandible with either NB-Cn or a TiS. The rabbits were sacrificed at 4 and 8 days, and micro-computed tomography analysis was performed. For molecular analysis, the gene expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α was assessed. Quantification using real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student t test (P < .05).


RESULTS
Bone graft fixation with NB-Cn promoted superior volume and density preservation. The percentage of mineralized tissue at the center portion and border of the graft was very similar (NB-Cn, 50.6% ± 8.3% and 50.3% ± 10.6%, respectively) and superior than in the TiS group (32.5% ± 3.5% and 33.8% ± 6%, respectively). Genes from the NB-Cn group were upregulated compared with those in the TiS group at the initial phases of bone healing (4 days), with the profile reversed at the 8-day point. At day 8, the osteoclastogenesis-related genes were upregulated in the TiS group.


CONCLUSIONS
Onlay bone grafts fixed with screws induced more inflammation during the initial remodeling process than did NB-Cn. The differences in the incorporation into the host bed suggest that the use of adhesives for graft fixation will promote superior volume and density preservation.
Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Luiz A
LA
Salata
Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Viviane C
VC
Mariguela
Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Antonio A
AA
Antunes
Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Gustavo
G
Grossi-Oliveira
Laboratory Technician, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Adriana
A
Almeida
Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address: mtaba@usp.br.
Mario
M
Taba
D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts / Q000637:transplantation; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014025:Titanium; D004659:Enbucrilate