Evaluation and Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection-an International, Multicenter Study.
BACKGROUND
Controversies still exist regarding the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in patients with prosthetic joint infections (PJI).


OBJECTIVE
How effective are preoperative and intraoperative cultures in isolating organisms and how do these culture results compare to one another? What are the results of surgical treatment of PJI in the hip and knee in an international, tertiary referral center cohort?


METHODS
One hundred sixteen patients (N = 59 hip PJI, N = 57 knee PJI) were recruited prospectively to registries at three international, tertiary referral centers between December 2008 to November 2011. Retrospective review of prospective registry data including demographics, microbiology results, and operative reports was performed.


RESULTS
Preoperative synovial fluid aspiration yielded an organism in only 45.2% and 44.4% of cases, respectively, for knee and hip PJI. False-negative rates of preoperative aspiration relative to intraoperative culture were 56% and 46% in hip and knee PJI, respectively, with discordance rates of 25% and 21.4%, respectively. Rates of negative intraoperative cultures were 15% in hip PJI and 20.7% in knee PJI. Open debridement with prosthetic retention was the most common initial revision procedure performed (48.3% of hip PJI and 63.8% of knee PJI). This method of revision was successful in 41.3% of hip PJI and 59.4% of knee PJI. Initial failure rates for prosthetic revision was lower than debridement with prosthetic retention but remained substantial in both hip PJI (initial success of one-stage exchange 60% and two-stage exchange 70%) and knee PJI (initial success of one-stage exchange 80% and two-stage exchange 75%).


CONCLUSIONS
Diagnosis and treatment of PJI remains challenging with difficulty in isolating the offending organism and with high rates of prosthetic revision and initial treatment failures. Future advances in organism isolation and international standardization of treatment protocols may improve patient outcomes.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, 225, Vazhudavur Road, Kathirkamam, Puducherry, India 605 009.
Saseendar
S
Shanmugasundaram
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA.
Benjamin F
BF
Ricciardi
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, London Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK.
Timothy W R
TW
Briggs
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Schulthess Klinik, Lengghalde 2, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
Patrick S
PS
Sussmann
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA.
Mathias P
MP
Bostrom
prosthetic joint aspiration; prosthetic joint infection; single-stage revision arthroplasty; synovial fluid culture; two-stage revision arthroplasty