Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate apoptosis and differential regulation of advanced glycation end products and S100B.
BACKGROUND
This study addresses the expression of the glycosylated proteins known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the calcium binding protein S100B and the apoptotic parameters cytochome c and caspase-3 activity in peripheral lymphocyte cytosolic extracts from a sample of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy (control) subjects.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study of 35 patients with a clinical diagnosis of bipolar disease (10 euthymic, 12 depressed, 13 manic) and 10 healthy control subjects. Lymphocytes were used as a surrogate model in BD diagnosis and treatment. AGEs and S100B in lymphocyte cell extracts were measured by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.


RESULTS
AGEs were lower in all BD patients compared to healthy subjects. Depressed patients had approximately two-fold higher S100B levels compared to healthy subjects. Manic and depressed BD patients had increased superoxide dismutase mRNA levels. Apoptosis as measured by BAX/Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activity was increased in manic and depressed patients compared to healthy subjects. In the depressed patients, S100B levels correlated with cytochrome c release.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, our study shows decreased AGEs and increased S100B levels and caspase down-stream apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes of BD patients that may underlie disease etiopathogenesis.
Paraskevi
P
Moutsatsou
James N
JN
Tsoporis
Vasileios
V
Salpeas
Ekaterini
E
Bei
Basel
B
Alevizos
Chrysoula
C
Anagnostara
Shehla
S
Izhar
Gerald
G
Proteau
Emmanouil
E
Rizos
Erifili
E
Hatziagelaki
Ioannis K
IK
Toumpoulis
Ioannis K
IK
Rizos
Thomas G
TG
Parker
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human