Degradation of diuron by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: role of ligninolytic enzymes and cytochrome P450.
The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated for its capacity to degrade the herbicide diuron in liquid stationary cultures. The presence of diuron increased the production of lignin peroxidase in relation to control cultures but only barely affected the production of manganese peroxidase. The herbicide at the concentration of 7 μ g/mL did not cause any reduction in the biomass production and it was almost completely removed after 10 days. Concomitantly with the removal of diuron, two metabolites, DCPMU [1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylurea] and DCPU [(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea], were detected in the culture medium at the concentrations of 0.74 μ g/mL and 0.06 μ g/mL, respectively. Crude extracellular ligninolytic enzymes were not efficient in the in vitro degradation of diuron. In addition, 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, significantly inhibited both diuron degradation and metabolites production. Significant reduction in the toxicity evaluated by the Lactuca sativa L. bioassay was observed in the cultures after 10 days of cultivation. In conclusion, P. chrysosporium can efficiently metabolize diuron without the accumulation of toxic products.
Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Jaqueline da Silva
Jda S
Coelho-Moreira
Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Adelar
A
Bracht
Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Aline Cristine da Silva
AC
de Souza
Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Roselene Ferreira
RF
Oliveira
Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Anacharis Babeto
AB
de Sá-Nakanishi
Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Cristina Giatti Marques
CG
de Souza
Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Rosane Marina
RM
Peralta
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004237:Diuron / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
D008031:Lignin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D004237:Diuron; D010544:Peroxidases; C042858:lignin peroxidase; C051129:manganese peroxidase