A study of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs according to dental aesthetic index among school children of a hilly state of India.
BACKGROUND
The documentation of magnitude of malocclusion in terms of prevalence and severity has not been done till date in Himachal Pradesh, India.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs (OTNs) among 9-and 12-year-old school children by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) in the state.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1188 children from randomly selected schools. The survey was done according to the Oral Health Assessment Form (modified). DAI was used to assess the severity of malocclusion, along with collection of demographic data.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of malocclusion was 12.5% and required orthodontic treatment, whereas 87.5% did not require treatment. A severe malocclusion for which treatment was highly desirable was recorded in 3.1%; 8% had a definite malocclusion for which treatment was elective. Only about 1.3% had a handicapping malocclusion that needed mandatory treatment. Almost equal proportions of males and females were affected with malocclusion with the means 20 ± 4.6 and 19.9 ± 4.9, respectively (P < 0.641). The prevalence and severity of malocclusion was more in 12-year age group than in 9-year age group (P = 0.002**). There was an increase in the proportion of malocclusion among older children: In 12-year age group, 15.7% with mean 20.5 ± 5.1 and in 9-year-old children, 8.9% with the mean 19.3 ± 4.1 were in the need of orthodontic treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Severity and treatment needs, both are important factors in public health planning.
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Deepak
D
Chauhan
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College and Hospital, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Vinod
V
Sachdev
Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Tripti
T
Chauhan
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Himachal Dental College and Hospital, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Kamal K
KK
Gupta
Dental Aesthetic Index; World Health Organization; malocclusion; orthodontic treatment needs