Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Fatsia polycarpa Hayata and Its Constituents.
Fatsia polycarpa, a plant endemic to Taiwan, is an herbal medicine known for treating several inflammation-related diseases, but its biological function needs scientific support. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the methanolic crude extract (MCE) of F. polycarpa and its feature constituents, that is, brassicasterol (a phytosterol), triterpenoids 3 α -hydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (HODA), 3 α -hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13 β -olide (HOEO), fatsicarpain D, and fatsicarpain F, were investigated. MCE and HOEO, but not brassicasterol, dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-)induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophage line, whereas HODA, fatsicarpain D and fatsicarpain F were toxic to RAW cells. Additionally, MCE and HOEO suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-1 β and interfered with LPS-promoted activation of the inhibitor kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) pathway, and that of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. In animal tests, MCE and HOEO effectively ameliorated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorobol-13 acetate- (TPA-)induced ear edema of mice. Thus, MCE of F. polycarpa exhibited an obvious anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro that likely involved the inhibition of the IKK/NF- κ B pathway and the MAPKs, which may be attributed by triterpenoids such as HOEO.
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Hsueh-Ling
HL
Cheng
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan ; Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Brawijaya University, Jalan, Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia.
Nurkholis
Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, No. 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nan-Tzu District, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan.
Shi-Yie
SY
Cheng
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Shen-Da
SD
Huang
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Yan-Ting
YT
Lu
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Xiao-Wen
XW
Wang
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Yu-Liang
YL
Liu
Research Center for Biodiversity and Graduate Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
Chang-Hung
CH
Chou