Tics.
Tics are an incontinent form of non-verbal communication associated with obsessional and aggressive urges and anxiety. The motor phenomena seen in socially acceptable forms of emotional release are compared and contrasted with tics. It is proposed that brain dysfunction in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome involves frontal limbic and basal ganglia loops.
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1 3BG, UK.
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