Driving with hemianopia: IV. Head scanning and detection at intersections in a simulator.
OBJECTIVE
Using a driving simulator, we examined the effects of homonymous hemianopia (HH) on head scanning behaviors at intersections and evaluated the role of inadequate head scanning in detection failures.


METHODS
Fourteen people with complete HH and without cognitive decline or visual neglect and 12 normally sighted (NV) current drivers participated. They drove in an urban environment following predetermined routes, which included multiple intersections. Head scanning behaviors were quantified at T-intersections (n = 32) with a stop or yield sign. Participants also performed a pedestrian detection task. The relationship between head scanning and detection was examined at 10 intersections.


RESULTS
For HH drivers, the first scan was more likely to be toward the blind than the seeing hemifield. They also made a greater proportion of head scans overall to the blind side than did the NV drivers to the corresponding side (P = 0.003). However, head scan magnitudes of HH drivers were smaller than those of the NV group (P < 0.001). Drivers with HH had impaired detection of blind-side pedestrians due either to not scanning in the direction of the pedestrian or to an insufficient scan magnitude (left HH detected only 46% and right HH 8% at the extreme left and right of the intersection, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Drivers with HH demonstrated compensatory head scan patterns, but not scan magnitudes. Inadequate scanning resulted in blind-side detection failures, which might place HH drivers at increased risk for collisions at intersections. Scanning training tailored to specific problem areas identified in this study might be beneficial.
Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Alex R
AR
Bowers
Egor
E
Ananyev
Aaron J
AJ
Mandel
Robert B
RB
Goldstein
Eli
E
Peli
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006423:Hemianopsia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014794:Visual Fields; D014796:Visual Perception
detection; driving; head movements; hemianopia; rehabilitation