Energy dependence of moments of net-proton multiplicity distributions at RHIC.
We report the beam energy (sqrt[sNN]=7.7-200  GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the mean (M), standard deviation (σ), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) of the net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions. The measurements are carried out by the STAR experiment at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) and within the transverse momentum range 0.4<pT<0.8  GeV/c in the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements are important for understanding the quantum chromodynamic phase diagram. The products of the moments, Sσ and κσ2, are sensitive to the correlation length of the hot and dense medium created in the collisions and are related to the ratios of baryon number susceptibilities of corresponding orders. The products of moments are found to have values significantly below the Skellam expectation and close to expectations based on independent proton and antiproton production. The measurements are compared to a transport model calculation to understand the effect of acceptance and baryon number conservation and also to a hadron resonance gas model.
AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland.
L
L
Adamczyk
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
J K
JK
Adkins
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
G
G
Agakishiev
Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
M M
MM
Aggarwal
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
Z
Z
Ahammed
Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
I
I
Alekseev
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
J
J
Alford
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
C D
CD
Anson
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
A
A
Aparin
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
D
D
Arkhipkin
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
E C
EC
Aschenauer
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
G S
GS
Averichev
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
J
J
Balewski
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
A
A
Banerjee
Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
Z
Z
Barnovska
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
D R
DR
Beavis
University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
R
R
Bellwied
University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
A
A
Bhasin
Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
A K
AK
Bhati
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
P
P
Bhattarai
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
H
H
Bichsel
Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
J
J
Bielcik
Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
J
J
Bielcikova
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
L C
LC
Bland
Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
I G
IG
Bordyuzhin
SUBATECH, Nantes, France.
W
W
Borowski
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
J
J
Bouchet
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
A V
AV
Brandin
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
S G
SG
Brovko
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
S
S
Bültmann
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
I
I
Bunzarov
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
T P
TP
Burton
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
J
J
Butterworth
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
H
H
Caines
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
M
M
Calderón de la Barca Sánchez
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
D
D
Cebra
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
R
R
Cendejas
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
M C
MC
Cervantes
Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
P
P
Chaloupka
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
Z
Z
Chang
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
S
S
Chattopadhyay
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
H F
HF
Chen
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
J H
JH
Chen
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
L
L
Chen
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
J
J
Cheng
Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
M
M
Cherney
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
A
A
Chikanian
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
W
W
Christie
Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland.
J
J
Chwastowski
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
M J M
MJ
Codrington
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
R
R
Corliss
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
J G
JG
Cramer
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
H J
HJ
Crawford
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
X
X
Cui
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
S
S
Das
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
A
A
Davila Leyva
University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
L C
LC
De Silva
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
R R
RR
Debbe
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
T G
TG
Dedovich
Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
J
J
Deng
Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
A A
AA
Derevschikov
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
R
R
Derradi de Souza
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
S
S
Dhamija
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
B
B
di Ruzza
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
L
L
Didenko
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
C
C
Dilks
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
F
F
Ding
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
P
P
Djawotho
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
X
X
Dong
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
J L
JL
Drachenberg
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
J E
JE
Draper
Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China.
C M
CM
Du
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
L E
LE
Dunkelberger
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
J C
JC
Dunlop
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
L G
LG
Efimov
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
J
J
Engelage
United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.
K S
KS
Engle
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
G
G
Eppley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
L
L
Eun
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
O
O
Evdokimov
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
R
R
Fatemi
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
S
S
Fazio
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
J
J
Fedorisin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
P
P
Filip
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
E
E
Finch
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
Y
Y
Fisyak
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
C E
CE
Flores
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
C A
CA
Gagliardi
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
D R
DR
Gangadharan
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
D
D
Garand
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
F
F
Geurts
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
A
A
Gibson
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
M
M
Girard
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
S
S
Gliske
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
D
D
Grosnick
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Y
Y
Guo
University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
A
A
Gupta
University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
S
S
Gupta
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
W
W
Guryn
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
B
B
Haag
Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
O
O
Hajkova
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
A
A
Hamed
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
L-X
LX
Han
National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
R
R
Haque
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
J W
JW
Harris
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
J P
JP
Hays-Wehle
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
S
S
Heppelmann
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
A
A
Hirsch
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
G W
GW
Hoffmann
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
D J
DJ
Hofman
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
S
S
Horvat
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
B
B
Huang
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
H Z
HZ
Huang
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
P
P
Huck
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
T J
TJ
Humanic
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
G
G
Igo
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
W W
WW
Jacobs
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Korea.
H
H
Jang
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
E G
EG
Judd
SUBATECH, Nantes, France.
S
S
Kabana
Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
D
D
Kalinkin
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
K
K
Kang
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
K
K
Kauder
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
H W
HW
Ke
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
D
D
Keane
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
A
A
Kechechyan
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
A
A
Kesich
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
Z H
ZH
Khan
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
D P
DP
Kikola
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany.
I
I
Kisel
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
A
A
Kisiel
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
D D
DD
Koetke
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany.
T
T
Kollegger
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
J
J
Konzer
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
I
I
Koralt
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
W
W
Korsch
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
L
L
Kotchenda
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
P
P
Kravtsov
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
K
K
Krueger
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany.
I
I
Kulakov
National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
L
L
Kumar
Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland.
R A
RA
Kycia
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
M A C
MA
Lamont
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
J M
JM
Landgraf
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
K D
KD
Landry
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
J
J
Lauret
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
A
A
Lebedev
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
R
R
Lednicky
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
J H
JH
Lee
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
W
W
Leight
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
M J
MJ
LeVine
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
C
C
Li
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
W
W
Li
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
X
X
Li
Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
X
X
Li
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Y
Y
Li
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
Z M
ZM
Li
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
L M
LM
Lima
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
M A
MA
Lisa
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
F
F
Liu
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
T
T
Ljubicic
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
W J
WJ
Llope
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
R S
RS
Longacre
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
X
X
Luo
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
G L
GL
Ma
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
Y G
YG
Ma
Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
D M M D
DM
Madagodagettige Don
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
D P
DP
Mahapatra
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
R
R
Majka
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
S
S
Margetis
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
C
C
Markert
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
H
H
Masui
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
H S
HS
Matis
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
D
D
McDonald
Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
T S
TS
McShane
Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
N G
NG
Minaev
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
S
S
Mioduszewski
National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
B
B
Mohanty
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
M M
MM
Mondal
Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
D A
DA
Morozov
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
M G
MG
Munhoz
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
M K
MK
Mustafa
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India.
B K
BK
Nandi
National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
Md
M
Nasim
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
T K
TK
Nayak
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
J M
JM
Nelson
Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
L V
LV
Nogach
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Korea.
S Y
SY
Noh
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
J
J
Novak
Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
S B
SB
Nurushev
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
G
G
Odyniec
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
A
A
Ogawa
Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
K
K
Oh
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
A
A
Ohlson
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
V
V
Okorokov
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
E W
EW
Oldag
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
R A N
RA
Oliveira
Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
M
M
Pachr
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
B S
BS
Page
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
S K
SK
Pal
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Y X
YX
Pan
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
Y
Y
Pandit
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
Y
Y
Panebratsev
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
T
T
Pawlak
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland.
B
B
Pawlik
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
H
H
Pei
University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
C
C
Perkins
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
W
W
Peryt
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
A
A
Peterson
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
P
P
Pile
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10002, Croatia.
M
M
Planinic
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
J
J
Pluta
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
D
D
Plyku
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10002, Croatia.
N
N
Poljak
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
J
J
Porter
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
A M
AM
Poskanzer
Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
N K
NK
Pruthi
AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland.
M
M
Przybycien
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India.
P R
PR
Pujahari
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
J
J
Putschke
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
H
H
Qiu
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
A
A
Quintero
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
S
S
Ramachandran
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
R
R
Raniwala
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
S
S
Raniwala
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
R L
RL
Ray
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
C K
CK
Riley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
H G
HG
Ritter
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
J B
JB
Roberts
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
O V
OV
Rogachevskiy
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
J L
JL
Romero
Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
J F
JF
Ross
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
A
A
Roy
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
L
L
Ruan
Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
J
J
Rusnak
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
N R
NR
Sahoo
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
P K
PK
Sahu
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
I
I
Sakrejda
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
S
S
Salur
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
A
A
Sandacz
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
J
J
Sandweiss
University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
E
E
Sangaline
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India.
A
A
Sarkar
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
J
J
Schambach
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
R P
RP
Scharenberg
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
A M
AM
Schmah
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
W B
WB
Schmidke
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany.
N
N
Schmitz
Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
J
J
Seger
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany.
P
P
Seyboth
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
N
N
Shah
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
E
E
Shahaliev
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
P V
PV
Shanmuganathan
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
M
M
Shao
Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
B
B
Sharma
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
W Q
WQ
Shen
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
S S
SS
Shi
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
Q Y
QY
Shou
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
E P
EP
Sichtermann
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
R N
RN
Singaraju
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
M J
MJ
Skoby
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
D
D
Smirnov
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
N
N
Smirnov
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
D
D
Solanki
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
P
P
Sorensen
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
U G
UG
deSouza
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
H M
HM
Spinka
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
B
B
Srivastava
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
T D S
TD
Stanislaus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
J R
JR
Stevens
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany.
R
R
Stock
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia.
M
M
Strikhanov
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
B
B
Stringfellow
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
A A P
AA
Suaide
Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
M
M
Sumbera
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
X
X
Sun
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
X M
XM
Sun
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Y
Y
Sun
Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China.
Z
Z
Sun
Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
B
B
Surrow
Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia.
D N
DN
Svirida
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
T J M
TJ
Symons
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
A
A
Szanto de Toledo
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
J
J
Takahashi
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
A H
AH
Tang
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Z
Z
Tang
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
T
T
Tarnowsky
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
J H
JH
Thomas
University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
A R
AR
Timmins
Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
D
D
Tlusty
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
M
M
Tokarev
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
S
S
Trentalange
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
R E
RE
Tribble
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
P
P
Tribedy
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
B A
BA
Trzeciak
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
O D
OD
Tsai
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland.
J
J
Turnau
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
T
T
Ullrich
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
D G
DG
Underwood
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
G
G
Van Buren
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
G
G
van Nieuwenhuizen
Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
J A
JA
Vanfossen
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India.
R
R
Varma
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
G M S
GM
Vasconcelos
Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia.
A N
AN
Vasiliev
Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
R
R
Vertesi
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
F
F
Videbæk
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
Y P
YP
Viyogi
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
S
S
Vokal
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
S A
SA
Voloshin
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
A
A
Vossen
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
M
M
Wada
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA.
M
M
Walker
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
F
F
Wang
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
G
G
Wang
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
H
H
Wang
Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China.
J S
JS
Wang
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
X L
XL
Wang
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Y
Y
Wang
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
Y
Y
Wang
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
G
G
Webb
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
J C
JC
Webb
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
G D
GD
Westfall
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
H
H
Wieman
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
S W
SW
Wissink
United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.
R
R
Witt
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
Y F
YF
Wu
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Z
Z
Xiao
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
W
W
Xie
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
K
K
Xin
Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China.
H
H
Xu
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
N
N
Xu
Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
Q H
QH
Xu
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Y
Y
Xu
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
Z
Z
Xu
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
W
W
Yan
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
C
C
Yang
Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China.
Y
Y
Yang
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
Y
Y
Yang
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
Z
Z
Ye
Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
P
P
Yepes
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
L
L
Yi
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
K
K
Yip
Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
I-K
IK
Yoo
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Y
Y
Zawisza
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
H
H
Zbroszczyk
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
W
W
Zha
Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
J B
JB
Zhang
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
S
S
Zhang
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
X P
XP
Zhang
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Y
Y
Zhang
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Z P
ZP
Zhang
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
F
F
Zhao
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
J
J
Zhao
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
C
C
Zhong
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
X
X
Zhu
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
Y H
YH
Zhu
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.
Y
Y
Zoulkarneeva
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany.
M
M
Zyzak