Detection of Huanglongbing disease using differential mobility spectrometry.
The viability of the multibillion dollar global citrus industry is threatened by the "green menace", citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB), caused by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter. The long asymptomatic stage of HLB makes it challenging to detect emerging regional infections early to limit disease spread. We have established a novel method of disease detection based on chemical analysis of released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from infected trees. We found that the biomarkers "fingerprint" is specific to the causal pathogen and could be interpreted using analytical methods such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometry (GC/DMS). This VOC-based disease detection method has a high accuracy of ∼90% throughout the year, approaching 100% under optimal testing conditions, even at very early stages of infection where other methods are not adequate. Detecting early infection based on VOCs precedes visual symptoms and DNA-based detection techniques (real-time polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR) and can be performed at a substantially lower cost and with rapid field deployment.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States.
Alexander A
AA
Aksenov
Alberto
A
Pasamontes
Daniel J
DJ
Peirano
Weixiang
W
Zhao
Abhaya M
AM
Dandekar
Oliver
O
Fiehn
Reza
R
Ehsani
Cristina E
CE
Davis
D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds