Nutrition and protein energy homeostasis in elderly.
Protein-energy homeostasis is a major determinant of healthy aging. Inadequate nutritional intakes and physical activity, together with endocrine disturbances are associated with of sarcopenia and frailty. Guidelines from scientific societies mainly address the quantitative aspects of protein and energy nutrition in elderly. Besides these quantitative aspects of protein load, perspective strategies to promote muscle protein synthesis and prevent sarcopenia include pulse feeding, the use of fast proteins and the addition of leucine or citrulline to dietary protein. An integrated management of sarcopenia, taking into account the determinants of muscle wasting, i.e. nutrition, physical activity, anabolic factors such as androgens, vitamin D and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids status, needs to be tested in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. The importance of physical activity, specifically resistance training, is emphasized, not only in order to facilitate muscle protein anabolism but also to increase appetite and food intake in elderly people at risk of malnutrition. According to present data, healthy nutrition in elderly should respect the guidelines for protein and energy requirement, privilege a Mediterranean way of alimentation, and be associated with a regular physical activity. Further issues relate to the identification of the genetics determinants of protein energy wasting in elderly.
CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, BP 321, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 01, France. Electronic address: Yves.boirie@clermont.inra.fr.
Yves
Y
Boirie
Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, BP 321, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 01, France. Electronic address: beatrice.morio@clermont.inra.fr.
Béatrice
B
Morio
CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: ecaumon@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
Elodie
E
Caumon
CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, BP 321, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 01, France. Electronic address: noel.cano@clermont.inra.fr.
Noël J
NJ
Cano
D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000728:Androgens / Q000737:chemistry; D002956:Citrulline / Q000737:chemistry; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007930:Leucine / Q000737:chemistry; D044342:Malnutrition; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D008660:Metabolism; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D055070:Resistance Training; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000503:physiopathology
D000596:Amino Acids; D000728:Androgens; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D011506:Proteins; D002956:Citrulline; D007930:Leucine; D010100:Oxygen
Elderly; Energy metabolism; Exercise training; Nutrition; Protein metabolism; Sarcopenia