The effect of low b-values on the intravoxel incoherent motion derived pseudodiffusion parameter in liver.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of low b-values (0 < b < 50 s/mm(2)) on the calculation of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) derived pseudodiffusion parameter in the normal liver.


METHODS
Simulations were performed to examine the effects of adding low b-values on the pseudodiffusion parameter. Low b-values were cumulatively added to the distribution and the IVIM signal was generated with varying pseudodiffusion values. The signal was fit with the IVIM model after the addition of Gaussian noise, and the simulated values were compared with the true values. In addition, the livers of eight control subjects were imaged using respiratory-triggered DWI. Pseudodiffusion was calculated with and without low b-values and compared.


RESULTS
Pseudodiffusion tended to be underestimated when low b-values were not included in the b-value distribution as predicted by simulations and confirmed with in vivo imaging. The number of outlier values was also reduced as more low b-values were added.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, this study showed pseudodiffusion in the liver tended to be underestimated when too few low b-values (0 < b < 50 s/mm(2)) were included in the distribution. Therefore, it is recommended to include at least two low b-values when performing liver IVIM studies.
Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.|Translational Brain Tumor Research Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Alexander D
AD
Cohen
Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Moira C
MC
Schieke
Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Mark D
MD
Hohenwalter
Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.|Translational Brain Tumor Research Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Kathleen M
KM
Schmainda
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009038:Motion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
b-value; diffusion; liver; pseudodiffusion