Seroprevalence of hepatitis E antibodies in a population of recyclable waste pickers in Brazil.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection represents an important cause of acute viral hepatitis. Selective waste collection is a widespread activity carried out by the urban poor, and recyclable waste pickers have a lifestyle that makes this group highly vulnerable to unfavorable socio-economic and environmental factors. To date, the epidemiology of HEV infection in this population remains unknown.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis E-specific antibodies in a population of recyclable waste pickers in Brazil.


METHODS
Between April 2010 and May 2011, a cross-sectional study was conducted among recyclable waste pickers from all 15 recycling cooperatives in Goiânia City, Central Brazil. The participants were tested for serological markers indicative of HEV infection.


RESULTS
Of 432 individuals asked to participate in the survey, 431 (99.8%) agreed to participate. Twenty-four of 431 participants were anti-HEV IgG positive by ELISA. Of these, 22 were confirmed positive by immunoblot, resulting in an anti-HEV IgG prevalence of 5.1% (95% CI: 3.4-7.6). In addition, four individuals were anti-HEV IgM positive by ELISA. Of these, three (0.7%; 95% CI: 0.4-2.4) were confirmed anti-HEV IgM positive by immunoblot, but were HEV RNA negative. One was concurrently positive for anti-HEV IgG. Only age>40 years was independently associated with the presence of anti-HEV.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrated that the prevalence of HEV antibodies among recyclable waste pickers in Central Brazil is relatively low and increased with age.
Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: rbringel.iptsp.ufg@gmail.com.
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Martins
Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Freitas
Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil.
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Kozlowski
Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil.
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Reis
Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Lopes
Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Teles
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Gardinali
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pinto
D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases; D011203:Poverty; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D055815:Young Adult
D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies
Hepatitis E virus; Prevalence; Recyclable waste pickers