Mechanical allodynia induced by traumatic brain injury is independent of restraint stress.
This study identifies the relationship between a test for post-traumatic headache and a marker for acute stress in rodent models of traumatic brain injury.



C57BL/6 mice and Sprague Dawley rats were divided into Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) injury, craniotomy (CR), and incision groups. Periorbital and paw allodynia were evaluated using the von Frey test prior to injury and up to four weeks post-operatively. Serum corticosterone was evaluated in groups with and without mild restraint.



Periorbital and forepaw thresholds, but not hindpaw thresholds, were reduced in CCI and CR mice compared to incision (p<0.0001 and p<0.01). In contrast to mice, reduced periorbital and forepaw periorbital thresholds were found in CCI rats but not CR rats compared to incision (p<0.0001). Right periorbital thresholds were reduced compared to left thresholds for both rat and mouse at one week (p<0.01), but there were no side differences for forepaw thresholds. Hindpaw thresholds did not change from baseline values for any groups of mice or rats. In mice serum corticosterone levels were increased at one, two and four weeks post-CCI and CR, while the levels for rats were not different from incision (p<0.0001). Corticosterone levels were not different in mice subjected to restraint compared to no restraint.



This study presents novel data for allodynia in a rat model of TBI, and differences among mouse and rat species.



Mechanical allodynia occurs independent of evoked restraint stress, while hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activity is dependent on head trauma and species.
Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: Christine.macolino@jefferson.edu.
Christine M
CM
Macolino
Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: Brittany.Daiutolo@jefferson.edu.
Brittany V
BV
Daiutolo
Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: Bradley.alberston@jefferson.edu.
Brad K
BK
Albertson
Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience Chairs Office 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: Melanie.elliott@jefferson.edu.
Melanie B
MB
Elliott
D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005145:Face / Q000503:physiopathology; D005552:Forelimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D051298:Post-Traumatic Headache / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014110:Touch
D003345:Corticosterone
Corticosterone; Headache; Mechanical allodynia; Species; Stress; Traumatic brain injury