Burden of sliding scale insulin use in elderly long-term care residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
To examine prevalence, practice patterns, and associated burden of sliding scale insulin (SSI) therapy in elderly adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).


METHODS
A retrospective cross-sectional study assessing merged medical chart data and the Minimum Data Set.


METHODS
One hundred seventeen long-term care (LTC) facilities in seven U.S. states.


METHODS
Elderly adults with insulin-treated T2DM (N=2,096) admitted to a LTC facility after January 1, 2009, who had been in the facility for at least 3 months before chart abstraction and had received treatment with non-SSI or SSI regimens. The latter were categorized into SSI-only, basal–SSI, prandial–SSI, basal–prandial–SSI, and multiple regimens with SSI. Data were collected from September 2010 through September 2011.


METHODS
Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Fingerstick burden was assessed as the average number of fingersticks per week and average number without subsequent insulin administration. Other measures included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and hypoglycemia events.


RESULTS
Overall, 73.8% of participants received SSI therapy. SSI-treated participants were more likely to be younger (P=.01), non-white (P=.002), and receiving sulfonylurea (P=.004) than non-SSI treated participants. SSI therapy was associated with a mean±standard deviation of 19.9±7.9 fingersticks per week, of which 12.5±7.6 were not followed by insulin administration. Fewer SSI-treated participants than non-SSI treated participants had one or more HbA1c measurements of 7.0% or less (48.8% vs 57.2%) or 8.5% or less (85.2% vs 87.6%, respectively). Rates of hypoglycemia were similar in both groups (15.0% vs 14.9%).


CONCLUSIONS
SSI therapy is widely used in LTC facilities and is associated with a high fingerstick burden. SSI regimens are associated with poorer glycemic control but a rate of hypoglycemia similar to that of non-SSI regimens.
Department of Geriatrics, and Geriatrics Education Center, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
Naushira
N
Pandya
Sanofi US, Bridgewater, New Jersey.
Wenhui
W
Wei
RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Juliana L
JL
Meyers
AnalytiCare, LLC, Chicago, Illinois.
Brett S
BS
Kilpatrick
RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Keith L
KL
Davis
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin