Myofibroblasts: the ideal target to prevent arteriovenous fistula failure?
The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure is a major cause of morbidity in the hemodialysis population. Most AVFs fail due to neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). In this issue, Yang et al. delineated a mechanism responsible for transforming the fistula adventitia into a fertile soil for neointimal precursors. These authors pondered the role of hypoxia-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the activation of those adventitial myofibroblasts that may significantly contribute to the formation of the fistula neointima.
DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Juan Camilo
JC
Duque
DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Roberto I
RI
Vazquez-Padron
D063194:Adventitia / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse