A metabolomic approach to determine the geographical origins of Anemarrhena asphodeloides by using UPLC-QTOF MS.
An ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS) method was developed for metabolite profiling of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge from two different geographical origins. In this study, the metabolite profile data obtained using UPLC-QTOF MS was subjected to multivariate statistical analyses, such as the principal component analysis and the hierarchical clustering analysis, to compare metabolite patterns among A. asphodeloides samples. Furthermore, a metabolite selection method known as significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) was applied to further select metabolites and to identify key constituents to efficiently distinguish between geographical origins. The UPLC-QTOF MS analysis successfully classified 21 samples into two distinct groups according to their geographical origins. The validation method used to assess the analytical stability and accuracy of these data is also described. These results suggest that this proposed method is reliable, accurate, and effective for geographic classification of A. asphodeloides, thus guiding its proper use for therapeutic purposes.
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
Nahyun
N
Kim
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
Seung Mok
SM
Ryu
Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
Donghyuk
D
Lee
Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
Jae Won
JW
Lee
The Global Top5 Research Program, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
Eun-Kyoung
EK
Seo
College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
Je-Hyun
JH
Lee
Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dongholee@korea.ac.kr.
Dongho
D
Lee
D031403:Anemarrhena / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
Anemarrhena asphodeloides; Metabolite profiling; Metabolite selection; Method validation; UPLC–QTOF MS